FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Chase, J Schuchardt, K Chin, G Daily, J Scheibe, T AF Chase, Jared Schuchardt, Karen Chin, George, Jr. Daily, Jeff Scheibe, Timothy GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Iterative Workflows for Numerical Simulations in Subsurface Sciences SO IEEE CONGRESS ON SERVICES 2008, PT I, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Congress on Services CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, SAP, IBM Res, IEEE Transact Serv Comp AB Numerical simulators are frequently used to assess future risks, support remediation and monitoring program decisions, and assist in design of,specific remedial actions with respect to groundwater contaminants. Due to the complexity of the subsurface environment and uncertainty in the models, many alternative simulations must be performed, each producing data that is typically post-processed and analyzed before deciding on the next set of simulations. Though parts of the process are readily amenable to automation through scientific workflow tools, the larger "research workflow" is not supported by current tools. We present a detailed use case for subsurface modeling, describe the use case in terms of workflow structure, briefly summarize a prototype that seeks to facilitate the overall modeling process, and discuss the many challenges for building such a comprehensive environment. C1 [Chase, Jared; Schuchardt, Karen; Chin, George, Jr.; Daily, Jeff; Scheibe, Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chase, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3286-8 PY 2008 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1109/SERVICES-1.2008.96 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BIL36 UT WOS:000260488700078 ER PT B AU Goel, N Heh, D Koveshnikov, S Ok, I Oktyabrsky, S Tokranov, V Kambhampati, R Yakimov, M Sun, Y Pianetta, P Gaspe, CK Santos, MB Lee, J Datta, S Majhi, P Tsai, W AF Goel, N. Heh, D. Koveshnikov, S. Ok, I. Oktyabrsky, S. Tokranov, V. Kambhampati, R. Yakimov, M. Sun, Y. Pianetta, P. Gaspe, C. K. Santos, M. B. Lee, J. Datta, S. Majhi, P. Tsai, W. GP IEEE TI Addressing The Gate Stack Challenge For High Mobility InxGa1-xAs Channels For NFETs SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2008, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 15-17, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID PERFORMANCE AB Through a detailed evaluation of various dielectrics, we address the primary challenges associated with gate stacks on high electron mobility InGaAs channels. More specifically we address key gate stack issues including a) EOT scalability for high performance and electrostatic control (this work CET similar to 0.78 nm) with acceptable leakage both at operating and off-state for low power (this work J(g) similar to 1 A/cm(2)), b) understand source and impact of charge trapping, c) thermal stability on InGaAs, and d) impact of In% on interface structure and its impact on surface channel MOSFETs. C1 [Goel, N.; Koveshnikov, S.; Majhi, P.; Tsai, W.] Intel Corp, 2200 Mission Coll Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. [Heh, D.; Ok, I.; Majhi, P.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Oktyabrsky, S.; Tokranov, V.; Kambhampati, R.; Yakimov, M.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Sun, Y.; Pianetta, P.] SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gaspe, C. K.; Santos, M. B.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lee, J.] Univ Texas Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Datta, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goel, N (reprint author), Intel Corp, 2200 Mission Coll Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. EM niti.goel@intel.com NR 12 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2377-4 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2008 BP 363 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH45 UT WOS:000265829300082 ER PT B AU Martin, S Shen, HW Sarntaney, R AF Martin, Steven Shen, Han-Wei Sarntaney, Ravi BE Fujishiro, I Li, H Ma, KL TI Efficient rendering of extrudable curvilinear volumes SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALISATION SYMPOSIUM 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualisation Symposium CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc DE I.3.3 [computer graphics]: picture/image generation; viewing algorithms I.3.7 [computer graphics]: three-dimensional graphics and realism; raytracing AB We present a technique for memory-efficient and time-efficient volume rendering of curvilinear adaptive mesh refinement data defined within extrudable computational spaces. One of the main challenges in the ray casting of curvilinear volumes is that a linear viewing ray in physical space will typically correspond to a curved ray in computational space. The proposed method utilizes a specialized representation of curvilinear space that provides for the compact representation of parameters for transformations between computational space and physical space, without requiring extensive preprocessing. By simplifying the representation of computational space positions using an extrusion of a profile surface, the requisite transformations can be greatly simplified. Our implementation achieves interactive rates with minimal load time and memory overhead using commodity graphics hardware with real-world data. C1 [Martin, Steven; Shen, Han-Wei] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sarntaney, Ravi] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM martinst@cse.ohio-state.edu; hwshen@cse.ohio-state.edu; samtaney@pppl.gov FU NSF ITR [ACI-0325934]; NSF RI [CNS-0403342]; NSF Career Award [CCF-0346883]; DOE SciDAC [DE-FC02-06ER25779]; Department of Energy at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, under USDOE [DE-AC020-76-CH03073] FX This work is supported by NSF ITR Grant ACI-0325934, NSF RI Grant CNS-0403342, NSF Career Award CCF-0346883, and DOE SciDAC grant DE-FC02-06ER25779.; The MHD simulation data was generated by work supported by the SciDAC program of the Department of Energy performed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, under USDOE Contract no. DE-AC020-76-CH03073. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-1966-1 PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHO19 UT WOS:000254735500001 ER PT B AU Haroz, S Ma, KL Heitmann, K AF Haroz, Steve Ma, Kwan-Liu Heitmann, Katrin BE Fujishiro, I Li, H Ma, KL TI Multiple uncertainties in time-variant cosmological particle data SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALISATION SYMPOSIUM 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualisation Symposium CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc DE visualization applications; cosmology; uncertainty visualization; parallel coordinates ID VISUALIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB Though the mediums for visualization are limited, the potential dimensions of a dataset are not. In many areas of scientific study, understanding the correlations between those dimensions and their uncertainties is pivotal to mining useful information from a dataset. Obtaining this insight can necessitate visualizing the many relationships among temporal, spatial, and other dimensionalities of data and its uncertainties. We utilize multiple views for interactive dataset exploration and selection of important features, and we apply those techniques to the unique challenges of cosmological particle datasets. We show how interactivity and incorporation of multiple visualization techniques help overcome the problem of limited visualization dimensions and allow many types of uncertainty to be seen in correlation with other variables. C1 [Haroz, Steve; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Heitmann, Katrin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haroz, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sharoz@ucdavis.edu; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu; heitmann@lanl.gov RI Haroz, Steve/F-3528-2010; OI Haroz, Steve/0000-0002-2725-9173 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CCF-0634913, IIS-0552334, CNS-0551727, OCI-0325934]; U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program [DE-FC02-06ER25777] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants CCF-0634913, IIS-0552334, CNS-0551727, and OCI-0325934, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program with Agreement No. DE-FC02-06ER25777. Thanks to the Cosmic Data ArXiv for making the datasets publicly available. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-1966-1 PY 2008 BP 207 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHO19 UT WOS:000254735500027 ER PT J AU Krishnaswami, K Bernacki, BE Cannon, BD Ho, N Anheier, NC AF Krishnaswami, Kannan Bernacki, Bruce E. Cannon, Bret D. Ho, Nicolas Anheier, Norman C. TI Emission and propagation properties of midinfrared quantum cascade lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE laser beams; laser measurements; optical propagation; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID OPERATION AB We report divergence, astigmatism, and beam propagation factor (M-2) measurements of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with emission wavelengths of 8.77 mu m. Emission profiles from the facet showed full-width at half-maximum divergence angles of 62 degrees and 32 degrees +/- 2 degrees for the fast and slow axes, respectively. Diffraction-limited Ge aspheric microlenses were designed and fabricated to efficiently collect, collimate, and focus QCL emission. A confocal system comprised of these lenses was used to measure M-2 yielding 1.8 and 1.2 for the fast and slow axes, respectively. Astigmatism at the exit facet was calculated to be about 3.4 mu m, or less than half a wave. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental measurement of astigmatism and M-2 reported for midinfrared QCLs. C1 [Krishnaswami, Kannan; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Cannon, Bret D.; Ho, Nicolas; Anheier, Norman C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krishnaswami, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kannan.krishnaswami@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1-4 BP 306 EP 308 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.915635 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 263OB UT WOS:000253225300099 ER PT J AU Djouadi, SM Olama, MM Li, YA AF Djouadi, Seddik M. Olama, Mohammed M. Li, Yanan TI Optimal Approximation of the Impulse Response of Wireless Channels by Stochastic Differential Equations SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hilbert space; impulse response; stochastic differential equations AB Wireless communication networks are characterized by nodes and scatters mobility which make the propagation environment time-varying and subject to fading. These variations are captured by random time-varying impulse responses. The latter are fairly general finite energy functions of both time and space that cannot be specified by a finite number of parameters. In this letter, we show that the impulse responses can be approximated in a mean square sense as close as desired by impulse responses that can be realized by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The behaviors of the SDEs are characterized by small finite dimensional parameter sets. C1 [Djouadi, Seddik M.; Li, Yanan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Olama, Mohammed M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Djouadi, SM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM djouadi@eecs.utk.edu; olamahussemm@ornl.gov; yli24@utk.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 896 EP 899 DI 10.1109/LSP.2008.2005449 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 416IL UT WOS:000263999300093 ER PT S AU Aragon, CR Poon, SS Aldering, GS Thomas, RC Quimby, R AF Aragon, Cecilia R. Poon, Sarah S. Aldering, Gregory S. Thomas, Rollin C. Quimby, Robert BE Ebert, D Ebert, D Ertl, T TI Using Visual Analytics to Maintain Situation Awareness in Astrophysics SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 21-23, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP IEEE DE Data and knowledge visualization; scientific visualization; visual analytics; situation awareness; astrophysics ID SUPERNOVAE AB We present a novel collaborative visual analytics application for cognitively overloaded users in the astrophysics domain. The system was developed for scientists needing to analyze heterogeneous, complex data under time pressure, and then make predictions and time-critical decisions rapidly and correctly under a constant influx of changing data. The Sunfall Data Taking system utilizes several novel visualization and analysis techniques to enable a team of geographically distributed domain specialists to effectively and remotely maneuver a custom-built instrument under challenging operational conditions. Sunfall Data Taking has been in use for over eighteen months by a major international astrophysics collaboration (the largest data volume supernova search currently in operation), and has substantially improved the operational efficiency of its users. We describe the system design process by an interdisciplinary team, the system architecture, and the results of an informal usability evaluation of the production system by domain experts in the context of Endsley's three levels of situation awareness [1]. C1 [Aragon, Cecilia R.; Aldering, Gregory S.; Thomas, Rollin C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poon, Sarah S.] Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Quimby, Robert] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Aragon, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CRAragon@lbl.gov; sarahpoon@gmail.com; GAldering@lbl.gov; RCThomas@lbl.gov; quimby@astro.caltech.edu FU Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-92ER40704]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions, and the scientists of the SNfactory collaboration for their time and detailed feedback. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summ it of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaii an community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-92ER40704, and by a grant from the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-2935-6 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2008 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2008.4677353 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJC49 UT WOS:000264748600004 ER PT B AU Pike, WA Bruce, J Baddeley, B Best, D Franklin, L May, R Rice, DM Riensche, R Younkin, K AF Pike, William A. Bruce, Joe Baddeley, Bob Best, Daniel Franklin, Lyndsey May, Richard Rice, Douglas M. Riensche, Rick Younkin, Katarina BE Ebert, D Ebert, D Ertl, T TI The Scalable Reasoning System: Lightweight Visualization for Distributed Analytics SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 21-23, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP IEEE DE Web visualization; mobile visualization; analytic reasoning; law enforcement; multiple views ID INFORMATION AB A central challenge in visual analytics is the creation of accessible, widely distributable analysis applications that bring the benefits of visual discovery to as broad a user base as possible. Moreover, to support the role of visualization in the knowledge creation process, it is advantageous to allow users to describe the reasoning strategies they employ while interacting with analytic environments. We introduce an application suite called the Scalable Reasoning System (SRS), which provides web-based and mobile interfaces for visual analysis. The service-oriented analytic framework that underlies SRS provides a platform for deploying pervasive visual analytic environments across an enterprise. SRS represents a "lightweight" approach to visual analytics whereby thin client analytic applications can be rapidly deployed in a platform-agnostic fashion. Client applications support multiple coordinated views while giving analysts the ability to record evidence, assumptions, hypotheses and other reasoning artifacts. We describe the capabilities of SRS in the context of a real-world deployment at a regional law enforcement organization. C1 [Pike, William A.; Bruce, Joe; Baddeley, Bob; Best, Daniel; Franklin, Lyndsey; May, Richard; Rice, Douglas M.; Riensche, Rick; Younkin, Katarina] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pike, WA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM william.pike@pnl.gov; joseph.bruce@pnl.gov OI Franklin, Lyndsey/0000-0002-4494-7111 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-2935-6 J9 IEEE S VIS ANAL PY 2008 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1109/VAST.2008.4677366 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJC49 UT WOS:000264748600017 ER PT S AU Grinstein, G Plaisant, C Laskowski, S O'Connell, T Scholtz, J Whiting, M AF Grinstein, Georges Plaisant, Catherine Laskowski, Sharon O'Connell, Theresa Scholtz, Jean Whiting, Mark BE Ebert, D Ebert, D Ertl, T TI VAST 2008 Challenge: Introducing Mini-Challenges SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 21-23, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP IEEE DE visual analytics; human information interaction; sense making; evaluation; metrics; contest AB Visual analytics experts realize that one effective way to push the field forward and to develop metrics for measuring the performance of various visual analytics components is to hold an annual competition. The VAST 2008 Challenge is the third year that such a competition was held in conjunction with the IEEE Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) symposium. The authors restructured the contest format used in 2006 and 2007 to reduce the barriers to participation and offered four mini-challenges and a Grand Challenge. Mini Challenge participants were to use visual analytic tools to explore one of four heterogeneous data collections to analyze specific activities of a fictitious, controversial movement, Questions asked in the Grand Challenge required the participants to synthesize data from all four data sets. In this paper we give a brief overview of the data sets, the tasks, the participation, the judging, and the results. C1 [Grinstein, Georges] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Plaisant, Catherine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Laskowski, Sharon; O'Connell, Theresa] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Berhampur, Orissa, India. [Scholtz, Jean; Whiting, Mark] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grinstein, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM grinstein@cs.uml.edu; plaisant@cs.umd.edu; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; theresa.oconnell@nist.gov; jean.scholtz@pnl.gov; mark.a.whiting@pnl.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 FU National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA; Pacific No rthwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported in part by the National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific No rthwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. It was also supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). Members of the committee are also supported in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-2935-6 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2008 BP 195 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2008.4677383 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJC49 UT WOS:000264748600027 ER PT J AU Nutaro, J Kuruganti, PT Jammalamadaka, R Tinoco, T Protopopescu, V AF Nutaro, James Kuruganti, Phani Teja Jammalamadaka, Rajanikanth Tinoco, Tomas Protopopescu, Vladimir TI An event driven, simplified TLM method for predicting path-loss in cluttered environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE deployment; harsh environments; industrial wireless networks; wave propagation AB We describe a scalable method for predicting radio channel path-loss in cluttered environments. The method is designed for constructing path-loss look-up tables that can be integrated with a mobile wireless network simulation. The proposed simulation technique is a much simplified version of the transmission line matrix method; the simplifications allow for an event based simulation using a coarse spatial grid. This, in turn, makes it possible to roughly approximate site specific radio channel path-loss on a scale that is suitable for simulating wireless LANs. Two validation studies demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach. C1 [Nutaro, James; Kuruganti, Phani Teja; Protopopescu, Vladimir] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jammalamadaka, Rajanikanth] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tinoco, Tomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; kurugantipv@ornl.gov; rajani@ece.arizona.edu; tomastinoco@berkeley.edu; protopopesva@oml.gov OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.913083 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 250YL UT WOS:000252337200023 ER PT J AU Mei, T Roychowdhury, J AF Mei, Ting Roychowdhury, Jaijeet TI A time-domain oscillator envelope tracking algorithm employing dual phase conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE amplitude modulations; envelope following; frequency modulations (FMs); oscillators ID STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS; CIRCUITS; COMPUTATION AB Envelope-following methods face special challenges when applied to oscillators because of their fundamental property of dynamically changing frequencies. In this paper, we present a novel and robust approach for oscillator envelope following. Our method combines, unifies, and extends ideas from two prior oscillator envelope-following approaches, namely, Petzold's method and the warped multitime partial differential equation. Our technique uses two extra system unknowns, as well as two extra "phase condition" equations, to track quantities related to dynamical frequency/time-period changes. These advances confer significant robustness, without. appreciable computational overhead. We validate our method on LC, ring, and crystal oscillators, accurately predicting frequency and amplitude modulations, as well as transient startup envelopes. Speedups of one to two orders of magnitude are obtained over traditional alternatives. C1 [Mei, Ting] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Mei, Ting] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Roychowdhury, Jaijeet] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM meiting@ece.umn.edu; jr@umn.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0070 EI 1937-4151 J9 IEEE T COMPUT AID D JI IEEE Trans. Comput-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1109/TCAD.2007.907259 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 245BJ UT WOS:000251909100006 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Gao, JZ Zhu, MX Rao, NSV Huang, J Iyengar, SS AF Wu, Qishi Gao, Jinzhu Zhu, Mengxia Rao, Nageswara S. V. Huang, Jian Iyengar, S. Sitharama TI Self-adaptive configuration of visualization pipeline over wide-area networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed computing; remote visualization; visualization pipeline; bandwidth measurement; network mapping AB Next-generation scientific applications require the capability to visualize large archival data sets or on-going computer simulations of physical and other phenomena over wide-area network connections. To minimize the latency in interactive visualizations across wide-area networks, we propose an approach that adaptively decomposes and maps the visualization pipeline onto a set of strategically selected network nodes. This scheme is realized by grouping the modules that implement visualization and networking subtasks and mapping them onto computing nodes with possibly disparate computing capabilities and network connections. Using estimates for communication and processing times of subtasks, we present a polynomial-time algorithm to compute a decomposition and mapping to achieve minimum end-to-end delay of the visualization pipeline. We present experimental results using geographically distributed deployments to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in visualizing data sets from three application domains. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Sci & Math, Morris, MN 56267 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, 216A Dunn Hall, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu; gaoj@morris.umn.edu; mengxia@cs.siu.edu; raons@ornl.gov; huangj@cs.utk.edu; Iyengar@bit.csc.lsu.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1109/TC.2007.70777 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 232VN UT WOS:000251048500005 ER PT J AU Eidenbenz, S Resta, G Santi, P AF Eidenbenz, Stephan Resta, Giovanni Santi, Paolo TI The COMMIT protocol for truthful and cost-efficient routing in ad hoc networks with selfish nodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE wireless ad hoc networks; cooperation in ad hoc networks; cooperative routing; energy efficiency; topology control AB We consider the problem of establishing a route and sending packets between a source/destination pair in ad hoc networks composed of rational selfish nodes whose purpose is to maximize their own utility. In order to motivate nodes to follow the protocol specification, we use side payments that are made to the forwarding nodes. Our goal is to design a fully distributed algorithm such that 1) a node is always better off participating in the protocol execution ( individual rationality), 2) a node is always better off behaving according to the protocol specification ( truthfulness), 3) messages are routed along the most energy-efficient ( least cost) path, and 4) the message complexity is reasonably low. We introduce the COMMIT protocol for individually rational, truthful, and energy-efficient routing in ad hoc networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ad hoc routing protocol with these features. COMMIT is based on the VCG payment scheme in conjunction with a novel game-theoretic technique to achieve truthfulness for the sender node. By means of simulation, we show that the inevitable economic inefficiency is small. As an aside, our work demonstrates the advantage of using a cross-layer approach to solving problems: Leveraging the existence of an underlying topology control protocol, we are able to simplify the design and analysis of our routing protocol and reduce its message complexity. On the other hand, our investigation of the routing problem in the presence of selfish nodes disclosed a new metric under which topology control protocols can be evaluated: the cost of cooperation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci, CCS 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNR, Ist Informat & Telemat, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. RP Eidenbenz, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci, CCS 5, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eidenben@lanl.gov; g.resta@iit.cnr.it; paolo.santi@iit.cnr.it OI Eidenbenz, Stephan/0000-0002-2628-1854 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1109/TMC.2007.1069 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 231DO UT WOS:000250926900002 ER PT J AU Myjak, MJ Delgado-Frias, JG AF Myjak, Mitchell J. Delgado-Frias, Jose G. TI A medium-grain reconfigurable architecture for DSP: VLSI design, benchmark mapping, and performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE digital signal processing (DSP); floating-point arithmetic; medium-grain reconfigurable hardware; synthesis tools AB Reconfigurable hardware has become a well-accepted option for implementing digital signal processing (DSP). Traditional devices such as field-programmable gate arrays offer good fine-grain flexibility. More recent coarse-grain reconfigurable architectures are optimized for word-length computations. We have developed a medium-grain reconfigurable architecture that combines the advantages of both approaches. Modules such as multipliers and adders are mapped onto blocks of 4-bit cells. Each cell contains a matrix of lookup tables that either implement mathematics functions or a random-access memory. A hierarchical interconnection network supports data transfer within and between modules. We have created software tools that allow users to map algorithms onto the reconfigurable platform. This paper analyzes the implementation of several common benchmarks, ranging from floating-point arithmetic to a radix-4 fast fourier transform. The results are compared to contemporary DSP hardware. C1 [Myjak, Mitchell J.; Delgado-Frias, Jose G.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Myjak, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mitchell.myjak@pnl.gov; jdelgado@eecs.wsu.edu OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-8210 EI 1557-9999 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1109/TVLSI.2007.912080 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 245QY UT WOS:000251952100003 ER PT J AU Tripp, JL Gokhale, MB Hansson, AA AF Tripp, Justin L. Gokhale, Maya B. Hansson, Anders A. TI A case study of hardware/software partitioning of traffic simulation on the Cray XD1 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE hardware/software codesign; simulation; system integration AB Scientific application kernels mapped to reconfigurable hardware have been reported to have 10 x to 100 x speedup over equivalent software. These promising results suggest that reconfigurable logic might offer significant speedup on applications in science and engineering. To accurately assess the benefit of hardware acceleration on scientific applications, however, it is necessary to consider the entire application including software components as well as the accelerated kernels. Aspects to be considered include alternative methods of hardware/software partitioning, communications costs, and opportunities for concurrent computation between software and hardware. Analysis of these factors is beyond the scope of current automatic parallelizing compilers. In this paper, a case study is presented in which a simulation of metropolitan road traffic networks is mapped onto a reconfigurable supercomputer, the Cray XD1. Five different methods are presented for mapping the application onto the combined hardware/software system. An approach for approximating the performance of each method is derived through analytic equations. Our results, both analytically and empirically, show that key predictors of performance (which are often not considered in reported speedup of kernel operations) are not necessarily maximum parallelism, but must account for the fraction of the problem that runs on the reconfigurable logic and the amount data flow between software and hardware. C1 [Tripp, Justin L.; Hansson, Anders A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gokhale, Maya B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tripp, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-8210 EI 1557-9999 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1109/TVLSI.2007.912126 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 245QY UT WOS:000251952100008 ER PT B AU Anderson-Cook, CM Graves, TL Hamada, MS AF Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Graves, Todd L. Hamada, Michael S. GP IEEE TI Resource Allocation: Sequential Design for Analyses Involving Several Types of Data SO IEEM: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-3 SE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management IEEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Engn Management Soc, Singapore Chapter, IEEE Singapore Sect DE Meta-Analysis; Design of Experiments; Uncertainty Reduction; Assessment of Precision AB In analyzing the reliability of complex systems, several types of data from full-system tests to component level tests are commonly available and are used. After a preliminary analysis, additional resources may be available and we wish to identify the best new data to collect to maximally improve the prediction of system reliability. In this paper we present methodology for selection of aan appropriate criteria for choosing between different allocations, and how to determine what new data should be collected to improve our understanding of the response. Issues discussed including computational efficiency of the methodt, discrepancies between reliability estimate from individual data sources and incorporating cost into a comparison of different data types. C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.; Graves, Todd L.; Hamada, Michael S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2629-4 J9 IN C IND ENG ENG MAN PY 2008 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1109/IEEM.2008.4737933 PG 5 WC Business; Economics; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKS98 UT WOS:000269126600113 ER PT B AU Margaroli, F AF Margaroli, Fabrizio BE Carlino, G DAmbrosio, G Merola, L Paolucci, P Ricciardi, G TI Top physics at the Tevatron collider SO IFAE 2007: ITALIAN MEETING ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Italian Meeting on High Energy Physics CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY AB The top quark has been discovered in 1995 at the CDF [1] and DO [2] experiments located in the Tevatron ring at the Fermilab laboratory. After more than a decade the Tevatron collider, with its center-of-mass energy collisions of 1.96 TeV, is still the only machine capable of producing such exceptionally heavy particle. Here I present a selection of the most recent CDF and DO measurements performed analyzing similar to 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity L. C1 Purdue Univ, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Margaroli, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Fermilab, POB 500,MS 312, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-88-470-0746-8 PY 2008 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-88-470-0747-5_5 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BHP28 UT WOS:000255155500005 ER PT B AU Tonelli, D AF Tonelli, Diego CA CDF Collaborat BE Carlino, G DAmbrosio, G Merola, L Paolucci, P Ricciardi, G TI Charmless b-hadron decays at CDF SO IFAE 2007: ITALIAN MEETING ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Italian Meeting on High Energy Physics CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY C1 [Tonelli, Diego] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tonelli, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-88-470-0746-8 PY 2008 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1007/978-88-470-0747-5_28 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BHP28 UT WOS:000255155500028 ER PT B AU Lee, SW Lee, S Fischer, PF Loth, F AF Lee, Sang-Wook Lee, Seung Fischer, Paul F. Loth, Francis GP IEEE TI Direct Simulations of Transitional Flow in a Patient-Specific Carotid Bifurcation with Stenosis SO IFOST 2008: PROCEEDING OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Forum on Strategic Technologies CY JUN 23-29, 2008 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP Novosibirsk State Tech Univ, Tomsk Polytech Univ, Univ Ulsan, Mongol Univ, Sci & Technol, Harbin Univ, Sci & Technol, Univ Malaya, Hanoi Univ Technol, Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol DE Carotid artery bifurcation; stenosis; spectral element method; Turbulence; Hemodynamics ID BLOOD-FLOW; PLAQUE RUPTURE; PULSATILE FLOW; STEADY FLOW; MODEL; ARTERY; TURBULENCE; CHANNEL; WALL AB Diseased vessels experience a significantly different biomechanical environment than healthy vessels due to the presence of transitional and turbulent flow, which may be responsible for cell damage or plaque disruption. With an objective of investigating turbulent characteristics in a diseased vessel, direct numerical simulations were conducted based on a patient-specific carotid bifurcation with a severe stenosis under pulsatile flow conditions. Computerized tomography images and color Doppler ultrasound measurements were acquired to obtain the anatomical geometry and in vivo flow waveform, respectively. The spectral element method, which is ideally suited for transitional and turbulent flow simulation, was employed in the numerical technique. Transition to turbulent flow with chaotic velocity fluctuations triggered by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the internal carotid artery was observed in the systolic phase. Turbulence intensities were significantly enhanced downstream of the stenosis during the deceleration phase of systole. The interaction of two strong shear layers generated from the bifurcation apex and distal end of stenosis as well as flow separation due to complex irregular morphology, created large WSS spatial gradients in the stenosis and high WSS magnitudes (250-450 dyne/cm(2)). Turbulent pressure fluctuations downstream of the stenosis and a large transient pressure drop occurring over the stenosis region will likely produce significant dynamic stresses-cyclic loading on plaques. Turbulent velocity and pressure fluctuations in the post-stenotic region were observed in audible frequency range of 100-300 Hz. This study demonstrates the hemodynamic environment in a diseased carotid bifurcation to be extremely complex during systolic phase and significantly different than that of a healthy carotid bifurcation. C1 [Lee, Sang-Wook] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Lee, Seung] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fischer, Paul F.] Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Loth, Francis] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL USA. RP Lee, SW (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2319-4 PY 2008 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIL05 UT WOS:000260454700132 ER PT S AU Goddard, GR Houston, JP Martin, JC Graves, SW Freyer, JP AF Goddard, G. R. Houston, J. P. Martin, J. C. Graves, S. W. Freyer, J. P. BE Farkas, DL Nicolau, DV Leif, RC TI Cellular discrimination based on spectral analysis of instrinic fluorescence - art. no. 685908 SO IMAGING, MANIPULATION, AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES, CELLS, AND TISSUES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues VI CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE spectral flow cytometer; autofluorescence; intrinsic property characterization ID ANALYSIS FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; DECONVOLUTION; COMPENSATION; SENSITIVITY; LIMITATIONS; PARTICLES; BINDING AB The increasing need for highly polychromatic approaches to flow cytometry, coupled with rapid technological advances, have driven the design and implementation of commercial instruments that measure up to 19 parameters using multiple lasers for excitation, an intricate optical filter/mirror arrangement, and analysis using fluorescence compensation approaches. Although such conventional multiparameter flow cytometers have proven highly successful, there are several types of analytical measurements that would benefit from higher density of spectral information and a more flexible approach to spectral analysis including, but certainly not limited to: spectral deconvolution of overlapping spectra, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, metachromic dye analysis, cellular autofluorescence characterization, and flow based Raman spectroscopy. For these purposes, we have developed a high resolution spectral flow cytometer using an EMCCD camera with 1600 by 200 pixels, which is capable of detecting less than 200 fluorescein molecules with a spectral resolution of less than 3 run. This instrument will enable high throughput characterization of single cell or particle emission spectra. For proof of principle instrument operation, we have begun characterization of intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, which is the major source of background for cell-based fluorescence assays. Specifically, we will describe recent work on the high resolution spectral characterization of autofluorescence for several commonly used cell types. Autofluorescence emission is known to cover over almost the entire spectrum from 300 to nearly 800 run. These emissions are attributed to flavins, elastin, Indolamine dimers and trimers, NADH and collagen among other molecules. We will show that several unique autofluorescence spectra arise in the different cell lines thereby suggesting the possibility of discrimination of cell types based on intrinsic fluorescence. C1 [Goddard, G. R.; Houston, J. P.; Martin, J. C.; Graves, S. W.; Freyer, J. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goddard, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7034-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6859 BP 85908 EP 85908 DI 10.1117/12.763873 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHQ07 UT WOS:000255316300007 ER PT S AU Houston, JP Naivar, M Martin, JC Goddard, G Carpenter, S Mourant, JR Freyer, JP AF Houston, Jessica P. Naivar, Mark Martin, John C. Goddard, Greg Carpenter, Susan Mourant, Judith R. Freyer, James P. BE Farkas, DL Nicolau, DV Leif, RC TI Endogenous fluorescence lifetime of viable cells by flow cytometry - art. no. 68590T SO IMAGING, MANIPULATION, AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES, CELLS, AND TISSUES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues VI CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE flow cytometry; fluorescence lifetime; frequency-domain; laser diode; NIR ID IMAGING MICROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; SINGLE MOLECULES; LIVING CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; NADH AB Autofluorescence emission is commonly measured in flow cytometry and is used as a negative control in protocols that explore binding of exogenous fluorophores to cell receptors or other targets of interest. The presence of intrinsic fluorophores however may burden complex cytometry applications. For example it may be difficult to resolve fluorescence signals from multi-intensity and multi-color measurements when the de-convolved fluorescence in question falls close to the autofluorescence background. One possible solution to intensity and spectral overlap problems in flow cytometry is to acquire fluorescence decay kinetic measurements. To this end we focus on advancing time-dependent flow cytometry and conduct measurements of endogenous fluorescence lifetime. Instrument developments to a phase-sensitive flow cytometry (PSFC) system were coupled with lifetime measurements of intrinsic fluorophores from viable cell samples. The average lifetime of > 300,000 individual rat fibroblast cells was measured at discrete wavelengths ranging from 457- to 785-nm using a 10MHz intensity-modulated excitation beam. AC amplitude, DC, and phase-shift were resolved and the average lifetime from excitable endogenous species was measured. The lifetime results ranged from 1- to 6-ns over the broad spectral range. Cataloging lifetime values prefaces the use of phase-sensitive techniques in more complex systems and provides a priori measurements necessary for PSFC filtering known lifetime signals from Raman, or other emission and scattering events. C1 [Houston, Jessica P.; Naivar, Mark; Martin, John C.; Goddard, Greg; Carpenter, Susan; Mourant, Judith R.; Freyer, James P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Houston, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7034-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6859 BP T8590 EP T8590 DI 10.1117/12.763816 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHQ07 UT WOS:000255316300018 ER PT S AU Timlin, JA Noek, RM Kaiser, JN Sinclair, MB Jones, HDT Davis, RW Lane, TW AF Timlin, Jerilyn A. Noek, Rachel M. Kaiser, Julia N. Sinclair, Michael B. Jones, Howland D. T. Davis, Ryan W. Lane, Todd W. BE Farkas, DL Nicolau, DV Leif, RC TI Accurate measurement of cellular autofluorescence is critical for Imaging of host-pathogen interactions SO IMAGING, MANIPULATION, AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES, CELLS, AND TISSUES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues VI CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; spectral imaging; fluorescence imaging; confocal microscopy; autofluorescence; spectral crosstalk; multivariate analysis; multivariate curve resolution; MCR; fluorescent proteins ID FLUORESCENCE; IMAGES AB Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signalto-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if autofluorescence and background signals can be accurately compensated for. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence determination and utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when bacteria invade host cells. Unfortunately the analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties of mouse macrophage autofluorescence. The imaging and analysis methods developed are widely applicable to cell and tissue imaging. C1 [Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Noek, Rachel M.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Jones, Howland D. T.; Davis, Ryan W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Timlin, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM jatimli@sandia.gov OI Lane, Todd/0000-0002-5816-2649; Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7034-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6859 AR 68590A DI 10.1117/12.763915 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHQ07 UT WOS:000255316300008 ER PT S AU Kroutil, R Lewis, PE Miller, DP Shen, SS Small, G AF Kroutil, Robert Lewis, Paul E. Miller, David P. Shen, Sylvia S. Small, Gary BA Lewis, PE BF Lewis, PE BE Shen, SS TI Implementation of an Automated Signal Processing Approach for the Analysis of Chemical Spectral Signatures Collected from FT-IR Mounted in an Aircraft SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XIII CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared Spectrometer; Infrared spectra; Pattern recognition of chemical species ID TRANSFORM INFRARED INTERFEROGRAMS; SPECTROMETRY AB The automated detection of chemical spectral signatures using a passive infrared Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer mounted in an aircraft is a difficult challenge due to the small total infrared energy contribution of a particular chemical species compared to the background signature. The detection of spectral signatures is complicated by the fact that a large, widely varying infrared background is present that is coupled with the presence of a number of chemical interferents in the atmosphere. This paper describes a mathematical technique that has been successfully demonstrated to automatically detect specific chemical species in ail automated processing environment. The data analysis methodology has been demonstrated to be effective using data of low spectral resolution at low aircraft altitudes. An overview of the implementation and basic concepts of the approach are presented. C1 [Kroutil, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kroutil, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7306-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7086 AR 708607 DI 10.1117/12.796835 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIO83 UT WOS:000261377300007 ER PT B AU Sunal, DW Sunal, CS Sundberg, C Wright, EL AF Sunal, Dennis W. Sunal, Cynthia S. Sundberg, Cheryl Wright, Emmett L. BE Sunal, DW Wright, EL Sundberg, C TI THE IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY WORK AND TECHNOLOGY IN SCIENCE TEACHING SO IMPACT OF THE LABORATORY AND TECHNOLOGY ON LEARNING AND TEACHING SCIENCE K-16 SE Research in Science Education Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EDUCATION AB The use of the science laboratory and technology has been a part of science teaching in the United States for more than 120 years. Teachers are aware of, and reflect on, the use of both almost on a daily basis. With this long history, the chapter focuses on investigating the question "What is the importance of laboratory work and technology integration in science teaching, K-16?" The viewpoints of policy documents and stakeholders involved in planning for or using the science laboratory and technology provide the focus of the chapter. An investigation of teachers' perceptions and expectations of the science laboratory and technology demonstrated that, while the majority was aware of the importance, sizable percentages lacked knowledge of purpose and use of the science laboratory and technology in daily classroom practice. Finally, the importance of laboratory work and technology experiences in teaching science requires knowledge and skills to analyze and adapt procedures. The analysis of inquiry potential instrument is described with an example of its use. The purpose of the instrument is as a guide and an aid for teachers in gathering objective data when making critical judgments on planning, use, and adaptation of existing laboratory materials based on the goals and recognized principles of good science education. C1 [Sunal, Dennis W.] NSF, Arlington, VA USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] USIA, Washington, DC USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Sunal, Dennis W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Wright, Emmett L.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wright, Emmett L.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Elementary Secondary Educ & Informal Educ, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Sunal, DW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, POB 870232, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM dwsunal@bama.ua.edu; sundbergrc@att.net; birdhunt@ksu.edu; dwsunal@bama.ua.edu; birdhunt@ksu.edu; sundbergrc@att.net NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-744-3 J9 RES SCI EDUC SER PY 2008 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BKD15 UT WOS:000267800200001 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, L Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Shoemaker, Larry Banfield, Robert E. Hall, Lawrence O. Bowyer, Kevin W. Kegelmeyer, W. Philip TI Using classifier ensembles to label spatially disjoint data SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Article DE random forest; saliency; probabilistic voting; out-of-partition; k-nearest centroids; imbalanced training data ID ALGORITHMS AB We describe an ensemble approach to learning from arbitrarily partitioned data. The partitioning comes from the distributed processing requirements of a large scale simulation. The volume of the data is such that classifiers can train only on data local to a given partition. As a result of the partition reflecting the needs of the simulation, the class statistics can vary from partition to partition. Some classes will likely be missing from some partitions. We combine a fast ensemble learning algorithm with probabilistic majority voting in order to learn an accurate classifier from such data. Results from simulations of an impactor bar crushing a storage canister and from facial feature recognition show that regions of interest are successfully identified in spite of the class imbalance in the individual training sets. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, ENB118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shoemaker, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, ENB118, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lwshoema@cse.usf.edu; rbanfiel@cse.usf.edu; hall@cse.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@sandia.gov OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 120 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.08.001 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 233DI UT WOS:000251070200010 ER PT S AU Liu, L Chen, SQ Yan, GH Zhang, Z AF Liu, Lei Chen, Songqing Yan, Guanhua Zhang, Zhao BE Wu, TC Lei, CL Rijmen, V Lee, DT TI BotTracer: Execution-based bot-like malware detection SO INFORMATION SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Information Security Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Chinese Cryptol & Informat Security Assoc, Taiwan Informat Security Ctr, Ctr IT Innovat Acad Sinica, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, NTU Ctr Informat & Elect Technol, Acad Sinica, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, IEEE Comp Soc, Taipei Chapter, BankPro E-Serv Technol Co Ltd, Exsior Data & Informat Technol Inc, Giga-Byte Educ Fdn, Hivocal Technol Co Ltd, Microsoft Taiwan, Paysecure Technol Co Ltd, Symlink, Yahoo Taiwan Holding Ltd DE botnet; malware detection; virtual machine AB Bot-like malware has posed an immense threat to computer security. Bot detection is still a challenging task since bot developers are continuously adopting advanced techniques to make bots more stealthy. A typical bot exhibits three invariant features along its onset: (1) the startup of a bot is automatic without requiring any user actions; (2) a bot must establish a command and control channel with its botmaster; and (3) a bot will perform local or remote attacks sooner or later. These invariants indicate three indispensable phases (startup, preparation, and attack) for a bot attack. In this paper, we propose BotTracer to detect these three phases with the assistance of virtual machine techniques. To validate BotTracer, we implement a prototype of BotTracer based on VMware and Windows XP Professional. The results show that BotTracer has successfully detected all the bots in the experiments without any false negatives. C1 [Liu, Lei; Chen, Songqing] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yan, Guanhua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Zhao] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Liu, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lliu3@cs.gmu.edu; sqchen@cs.gmu.edu; ghyan@lanl.gov; zzhang@iastate.edu FU U. S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0509061, CNS-0621631, CNS-0746649] FX We thank the anonymous referees for providing constructive comments. The work has been supported in part by the U. S. National Science Foundation under grants CNS-0509061, CNS-0621631, and CNS-0746649. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85884-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5222 BP 97 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIH19 UT WOS:000259463000007 ER PT S AU Liu, YL Chiang, K Corbett, C Archibald, R Mukherjee, B Ghosal, D AF Liu, Yali Chiang, Ken Corbett, Cherita Archibald, Rennie Mukherjee, Biswanath Ghosal, Dipak BE Wu, TC Lei, CL Rijmen, V Lee, DT TI A novel audio steganalysis based on high-order statistics of a distortion measure with Hausdorff distance SO INFORMATION SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Information Security Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Chinese Cryptol & Informat Security Assoc, Taiwan Informat Security Ctr, Ctr IT Innovat Acad Sinica, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, NTU Ctr Informat & Elect Technol, Acad Sinica, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, IEEE Comp Soc, Taipei Chapter, BankPro E-Serv Technol Co Ltd, Exsior Data & Informat Technol Inc, Giga-Byte Educ Fdn, Hivocal Technol Co Ltd, Microsoft Taiwan, Paysecure Technol Co Ltd, Symlink, Yahoo Taiwan Holding Ltd AB Steganography can be used to bide information in audio media both for the purposes of digital watermarking and establishing covert communication channels. Digital audio provides a suitable cover for high-throughput steganography as a result of its transient and unpredictable characteristics. Distortion measure plays an important role in audio steganalysis - the analysis and classification method of determining if an audio medium is carrying hidden information. In this paper, we propose a novel distortion metric based on Hausdorff distance. Given an audio object x which could potentially be a stego-audio object, we consider its de-noised version x' as an estimate of the cover-object. We then use Hausdorff distance to measure the distortion from x to x'. The distortion measurement is obtained at various wavelet decomposition levels from which we derive high-order statistics as features for a classifier to determine the presence of hidden information in an audio signal. Extensive experimental results for the Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution based steganography toot show that the proposed algorithm has a strong discriminatory ability and the performance is significantly superior to existing methods. The proposed approach can be easily applied to other steganography tools and algorithms. C1 [Liu, Yali] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chiang, Ken; Corbett, Cherita] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Archibald, Rennie; Mukherjee, Biswanath; Ghosal, Dipak] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yliu@ece.ucdavis.edu FU Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-04AL85000] FX Sandia is a mutiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-04AL85000. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85884-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5222 BP 487 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIH19 UT WOS:000259463000033 ER PT S AU Collins, MJ AF Collins, Michael J. BE Safavi-Naini, R TI Upper bounds for set systems with the identifiable parent property SO INFORMATION THEORETIC SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Theoretic Security CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Univ Calgary, Calgary, CANADA HO Univ Calgary ID CODES AB We derive upper bounds on the size of set systems having the c-identifiable parent property (c-IPP) and the c-traceability property (c-TA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85092-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5155 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIB95 UT WOS:000258319800010 ER PT J AU Farhoomand, J Sisson, DL Beeman, JW AF Farhoomand, Jam Sisson, David L. Beeman, Jeff W. TI Viability of layered-hybrid architecture for far IR focal-plane arrays SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE germanium; far IR; submillimeter; photoconductor; FPA ID INFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTOR ARRAYS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; INSTRUMENT; SURVEYOR; HERSCHEL; PACS AB The standard planar hybrid architecture, commonly used to construct near and mid-infrared focal-plane arrays, is not suitable for far IR detectors where readout glow, lack of efficient heat dissipation, and thermal mismatch between the detector and the readout could potentially limit their performance. In response, a new layered-hybrid structure was introduced to alleviate these problems and make possible the construction of large format far IR FPAs. To assess the viability of this design, we have fabricated and tested a prototype 2 x 16 Ge:Sb array coupled to a 1 x 32 SBRC 190 cryogenic readout in a construction similar to the layered-hybrid. In this paper we present the results of our tests which prove the effectiveness of the layered-hybrid structure in blocking the readout glow and providing uniform cooling across the array. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Farhoomand, Jam; Sisson, David L.] TechnoSci Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Farhoomand, Jam; Sisson, David L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beeman, Jeff W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Farhoomand, J (reprint author), TechnoSci Corp, POB 60658, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. EM jfarhoomand@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2007.07.004 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 257GH UT WOS:000252786700003 ER PT S AU Bernacki, BE Anheier, NC Krishnaswami, K Cannon, BD Binkley, KB AF Bernacki, Bruce E. Anheier, Norman C. Krishnaswami, Kannan Cannon, Bret D. Binkley, K. Brent BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Design and fabrication of efficient miniature retroreflectors for the mid- and long-wave infrared SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE retroreflector; gradient index; step index; glass molding; infrared ID GLASS OPTICS AB We report our progress on the design, modeling, and fabrication of a step-index miniature spherical retroreflector for use in the mid- and long-wave infrared region (3 mu m-12 mu m). Efficient retroreflectors with large acceptance angles and isotropic performance have several defense applications - for instance, target tracking and monostatic LIDAR. The ideal isotropic spherical retroreflector is epitomized by the spherical Luneburg lens, which brings a collimated beam to a perfect focus on the rear surface of the sphere due to its gradient index profile and spherical symmetry. The ideal Luneburg lens' gradient profile, however, must have an index value equal to that of the immersion medium at its boundaries; therefore, rendering its fabrication infeasible for applications in air. Although spherical gradient index designs can provide a good approximation of the Luneburg lens, as of now there have been no demonstrated methods of fabricating such lenses, especially for mid- and long-wave infrared applications. Consequently, we have designed a retroreflector with a step-index approximation to a spherical gradient index design with comparable optical performance to the spherical gradient index ideal. This retroreflector design can be fabricated by molding a higher index chalcogenide glass shell as a cladding layer over a lower index core such as ZnS using glass compression molding. C1 [Bernacki, Bruce E.; Anheier, Norman C.; Krishnaswami, Kannan; Cannon, Bret D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bernacki, BE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.bernacki@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 69400X DI 10.1117/12.771410 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000030 ER PT J AU Dorman, DC Struve, MF Wong, BA Gross, EA Parkinson, C Willson, GA Tan, YM Campbell, JL Teeguarden, JG Clewell, HJ Andersen, ME AF Dorman, David C. Struve, Melanie F. Wong, Brian A. Gross, Elizabeth A. Parkinson, Carl Willson, Gabrielle A. Tan, Yu-Mei Campbell, Jerry L. Teeguarden, Justin G. Clewell, Harvey J., III Andersen, Melvin E. TI Derivation of an inhalation reference concentration based upon olfactory neuronal loss in male rats following subchronic acetaldehyde inhalation SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CROSS-LINK; AIR-FLOW; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; INSPIRED ACETALDEHYDE; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; NASAL EPITHELIUM; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LYMPHOMA-CELLS AB Acetaldehyde inhalation induces neoplastic and nonneoplastic responses in the rodent nasal cavity. This experiment further characterizes the dose-response relationship for nasal pathology, nasal epithelial cell proliferation, and DNA-protein cross-link formation in F-344 rats exposed subchronically to acetaldehyde. Animals underwent whole-body exposure to 0, 50, 150, 500, or 1500 ppm acetaldehyde for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for up to 65 exposure days. Respiratory tract histopathology was evaluated after 4, 9, 14, 30, and 65 exposure days. Acetaldehyde exposure was not associated with reduced body weight gain or other evidence of systemic toxicity. Histologic evaluation of the nasal cavity showed an increased incidence of olfactory neuronal loss (ONL) following acute to subchronic exposure to 150 ppm acetaldehyde and increased olfactory epithelial cell proliferation following exposure to 1500 ppm acetaldehyde. The severity of the ONL demonstrated dose-and temporal-dependent behaviors, with minimal effects noted at 150-500 ppm acetaldehyde and moderately severe lesions seen in the highest exposure group, with increased lesion severity and extent as the exposure duration increased. Acetaldehyde exposure was also associated with inflammation, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium. These responses were seen in animals exposed to 500 ppm acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde exposure was not associated with increased DNA-protein cross-link formation in the respiratory or olfactory epithelium. A model of acetaldehyde pharmacokinetics in the nose was used to derive an inhalation reference concentration (RfC) of 0.4 ppm, based on the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 50 ppm for the nasal pathology seen in this study. C1 [Dorman, David C.; Struve, Melanie F.; Wong, Brian A.; Gross, Elizabeth A.; Parkinson, Carl; Tan, Yu-Mei; Campbell, Jerry L.; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Willson, Gabrielle A.] EPL Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dorman, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM david_dorman@ncsu.edu OI Foster, Melanie/0000-0001-6392-7418; Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1080/08958370701864250 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286CB UT WOS:000254821900004 PM 18300046 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Bogdanffy, MS Covington, TR Tan, C Jarabek, AM AF Teeguarden, Justin G. Bogdanffy, Matthew S. Covington, Tammie R. Tan, Cecilia Jarabek, Annie M. TI A PBPK model for evaluating the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms on comparative rat and human nasal tissue acetaldehyde dosimetry SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; MUCOSAL BLOOD-FLOW; INHALATION TOXICITY; VINYL-ACETATE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN NOSE; METABOLISM; VAPOR AB Acetaldehyde is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis and normal oxidative metabolism of several industrially important compounds, including ethanol, ethyl acetate, and vinyl acetate. Chronic inhalation of acetaldehyde leads to degeneration of the olfactory and respiratory epithelium in rats at concentrations >50 ppm (90 day exposure) and respiratory and olfactory nasal tumors at concentrations >= 750 ppm, the lowest concentration tested in the 2-yr chronic bioassay. Differences in the anatomy and biochemistry of the rodent and human nose, including polymorphisms in human high-affinity acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), are important considerations for interspecies extrapolations in the risk assessment of acetaldehyde. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of rat and human nasal tissues was constructed for acetaldehyde to support a dosimetry-based risk assessment for acetaldehyde (Dorman et al., 2008). The rodent model was developed using published metabolic constants and calibrated using upper-respiratory-tract acetaldehyde extraction data. The human nasal model incorporates previously published tissue volumes, blood flows, and acetaldehyde metabolic constants. ALDH2 polymorphisms were represented in the human model as reduced rates of acetaldehyde metabolism. Steady-state dorsal olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde concentrations in the rat were predicted to be 409, 6287, and 12,634 mu M at noncytotoxic (50 ppm), and cytotoxic/tumorigenic exposure concentrations (750 and 1500 ppm), respectively. The human equivalent concentration (HEC) of the rat no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 50 ppm, based on steady-state acetaldehyde concentrations from continual exposures, was 67 ppm. Respiratory and olfactory epithelial tissue acetaldehyde and H+ (pH) concentrations were largely linear functions of exposure in both species. The impact of presumed ALDH2 polymorphisms on human olfactory tissue concentrations was negligible; the high-affinity, low-capacity ALDH2 does not contribute significantly to acetaldehyde metabolism in the nasal tissues. The human equivalent acetaldehyde concentration for homozygous low activity was 66 ppm, 1.5% lower than for the homozygous full activity phenotype. The rat and human acetaldehyde PBPK models developed here can also be used as a bridge between acetaldehyde dose-response and mode-of-action data as well as between similar databases for other acetaldehyde-producing nasal toxicants. C1 [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bogdanffy, Matthew S.] Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. [Covington, Tammie R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Tan, Cecilia] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Jarabek, Annie M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1080/08958370801903750 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 269IN UT WOS:000253642800002 PM 18302046 ER PT J AU Bezzubov, VA Vasil'ev, IA Evdokimov, VN Lipaev, VV Shchukin, AA Churin, IN Denisov, DS Podstavkov, VM AF Bezzubov, V. A. Vasil'ev, I. A. Evdokimov, V. N. Lipaev, V. V. Shchukin, A. A. Churin, I. N. Denisov, D. S. Podstavkov, V. M. TI Calibration of the scintillation trigger detector of the forward muon system for the D0 experiment SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A procedure for LED-based calibration of the scintillation trigger detector of the forward muon system for the D0 experiment on the Tevatron collider at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Batavia, United States) is presented. During its 4-year operation, the deviation in the signal amplitudes averaged over 4214 counters was 4% or less and the variance (sigma) of the distribution of these deviations over all counters was 10%. In the same period of time, the signals remained stable in time with an accuracy of 0.23 ns and the variance (sigma) of the distribution of these deviations was 0.52 ns. The calibration procedure based on measuring the amplitude response of the detector counters to muons produced by proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron collider is also described. The variations in the absolute value of the amplitude responses over a period of 4 years were in the range of +3%...-9%. C1 [Bezzubov, V. A.; Vasil'ev, I. A.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Lipaev, V. V.; Shchukin, A. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Churin, I. N.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Denisov, D. S.; Podstavkov, V. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bezzubov, VA (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Ul Pobedy 1, Protvino 142281, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10786-008-1003-y PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 266WY UT WOS:000253469500003 ER PT J AU Evdokimov, VN Denisov, DS AF Evdokimov, V. N. Denisov, D. S. TI A study of a short-term instability and aging of Phi EY-115M photomultiplier tubes SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE 29; 40; Mc ID MUON SYSTEM; DETECTOR AB Results of studying the instability of the gain of phi Xi-115M photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at a varying count rate corresponding to the range of the anode current of 0.02-120 mu A are presented. It is shown that the behavior and value of the gain instability for different specimens of this PMT type substantially differs when the count rate changes. The relative change in the gain of some PMTs reaches 23%. Results of the study of the long-term behavior of the PMT gain in high-rate conditions (PMT aging study) are given. The relative gain drop is 30% after an anode charge of similar to 600 C is accumulated. C1 [Evdokimov, V. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Denisov, D. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Evdokimov, VN (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Ul Pobedy 1, Protvino 142281, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10786-008-1009-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 266WY UT WOS:000253469500009 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Montero, L Montero-Cabrera, ME Calzada, L Perez De la Rosa, M Raymond, O Font, R Garcia, M Mehta, A Torres, M Fuentes, L AF Fuentes-Montero, L. Montero-Cabrera, M. E. Calzada, L. Perez De la Rosa, M. Raymond, O. Font, R. Garcia, M. Mehta, A. Torres, M. Fuentes, L. TI Synchrotron Techniques Applied to Ferroelectrics: Some Representative Cases SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE synchrotron radiation; ferroelectric; multiferroic; Rietveld; grazing incidence; EXAFS ID X-RAY; DIFFRACTION AB A panoramic view of synchrotron radiation techniques applied to ferroelectric materials is given. Powder diffraction is applied to analyze the cubic-symmetry break-down in PbFe(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3). Slight peaks' splitting reveals the considered phase to be rhombohedral. Grazing incidence scattering is used in a comparative study of PbTiO(3) nano-dots on SrTiO(3) substrate and a Pt layer. Phase identification, texture assessment and crystallite size characterization are performed. The Anaelu software for two-dimensional diffraction analysis is presented. Local ordering in multiferroic Bi(6)Ti(3)Fe(2)O(18) is determined by means of extended x-ray absorption fine structure. The iron cations' tendency to occupy the centered perovskite layer of the unit cell is established. C1 [Fuentes-Montero, L.; Montero-Cabrera, M. E.; Fuentes, L.] Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Chihuahua, Mexico. [Calzada, L.; Torres, M.] Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Perez De la Rosa, M.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Raymond, O.; Font, R.] Ctr Ciencias Mat Condensada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Garcia, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Ciudad Mexico, Mexico. [Mehta, A.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Fuentes, L (reprint author), Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Chihuahua, Mexico. EM luis.fuentes@cimav.edu.mx RI CALZADA, M. LOURDES/A-8712-2011; Raymond-Herrera, Oscar/E-3329-2016 OI CALZADA, M. LOURDES/0000-0002-2286-653X; NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1080/10584580802470413 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900013 ER PT J AU Do, DH Grigoriev, A Kim, DM Eom, CB Evans, PG Dufresne, EM AF Do, Dal-Hyun Grigoriev, Alexei Kim, Dong Min Eom, Chang-Beom Evans, Paul G. Dufresne, Eric M. TI In Situ X-Ray Probes for Piezoelectricity in Epitaxial Ferroelectric Capacitors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE Ferroelectric thin films; piezoelectricity; x-ray diffraction; x-ray microscopy ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; ARRAYS AB Probing the piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity of thin film devices and nanostructures quantitatively has proven to be challenging because the appropriate experimental tools have had a limited range of usefulness. We show here that the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of epitaxial thin films can be measured quantitatively using time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction. Microdiffraction combines structural specificity with the appropriate spatial resolution and ability to probe structures with electrical contacts. Our measurements of piezoelectric coefficients and coercive electric fields for Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) capacitors using this approach are in excellent quantitative agreement with results obtained electrically and mechanically. The time and spatial resolution of microdiffraction probes are well-defined and decoupled from electrical and mechanical resonances of the ferroelectric capacitor. C1 [Do, Dal-Hyun; Grigoriev, Alexei; Kim, Dong Min; Eom, Chang-Beom; Evans, Paul G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dufresne, Eric M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Evans, PG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM evans@engr.wisc.edu RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1080/10584580802470975 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900020 ER PT J AU Jain, M Bauer, E Lin, Y Wang, H Burrell, AK McClesky, TM Jia, QX AF Jain, M. Bauer, E. Lin, Y. Wang, H. Burrell, A. K. McClesky, T. M. Jia, Q. X. TI BaTiO3-RELATED FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS BY POLYMER ASSISTED DEPOSITION SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Epitaxial films of Ba1 - xSrxTiO3 (BST) and BaTi1 - xZrxO3 (BZT) have been grown using polymer assisted deposition. Lattice parameters of the BST films with different Ba/Sr ratio showed bulk like behavior, indicating that the films were relaxed. Dielectric properties of the BST films are comparable to the films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Highest dielectric tunability of 69% (at room temperature) has been obtained for Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 film, which is the phase boundary of the tetragonal and cubic phases. The dielectric properties of BaTi0.5Zr0.5O3 film showed relaxor like behavior. C1 [Jain, M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bauer, E.; Burrell, A. K.; McClesky, T. M.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lin, Y.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Microelect & Solid State Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mjain@phys.uconn.edu RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 100 BP 132 EP 139 AR PII 906862322 DI 10.1080/10584580802540645 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 384SV UT WOS:000261765400014 ER PT J AU Kozyrev, AB Buslov, OY Golovkov, AA Keis, VN Krasilnikov, SV Samoilova, TB Shimko, AY Ginley, D Kaydanova, T AF Kozyrev, A. B. Buslov, O. Yu. Golovkov, A. A. Keis, V. N. Krasilnikov, S. V. Samoilova, T. B. Shimko, A. Yu. Ginley, D. Kaydanova, T. TI VCO/radiator module tuned by ferroelectric varactor SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAY 08-AUG 12, 2007 CL Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Inst Condensed Matter Chem Bordeaux HO Natl Sch Elect & Telecoms DE active antenna; planar dielectric resonator; tunable oscillator; VCO; ferroelectric varactor ID DIELECTRIC RESONATOR; ANTENNAS AB Design of tunable Gunn diode-based active antenna module including a new type of planar dielectric resonator (PDR) tuned by a ferroelectric (FE) varactor is presented. The module is designed in such a way that the PDR acts both as a stabilizing resonator and as a radiator. MW properties of FE elements used for VCO tuning are considered. The module operates at frequency around of 17 GHz and demonstrates the radiated power of 8.8 +/- 0.1 dBm over the 130 MHz tuning range and a phase-noise level of -95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. 65 degrees width of the radiation pattern in both the E and H planes corresponding to a gain of 5.1 dBi was measured. The maximal VCO power limited by the dielectric nonlinearity of a FE film in the microwave electric field and by the FE film overheating is estimated for FE film-based varactors of the planar and parallel structures. C1 [Kozyrev, A. B.; Buslov, O. Yu.; Golovkov, A. A.; Keis, V. N.; Krasilnikov, S. V.; Samoilova, T. B.; Shimko, A. Yu.] St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, Dept FET, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Ginley, D.; Kaydanova, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Buslov, OY (reprint author), St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, Dept FET, 5 Prof Popov Str, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM mlp@eltech.ru NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 97 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1080/10584580802086557 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 318SR UT WOS:000257113400006 ER PT S AU Watson, JP Beck, JC AF Watson, Jean-Paul Beck, J. Christopher BE Perron, L Trick, MA TI A hybrid constraint programming local search approach to the job-shop scheduling problem SO INTEGRATION OF AI AND OR TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems CY MAY 20-23, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Assoc Constraint Programming, INRIA, Microsoft Res, INRIA Joint Ctr, Natl ICT Australia, ILOG, COSYTEC, Cornell Univ, Intelligent Informat Syst Inst, KLS, OPTIM, Jeppesen Technol Serv ID ALGORITHM AB Since their introduction, local search algorithms - and in particular tabu search algorithms - have consistently represented the state-of-the-art in solution techniques for the classical job-shop scheduling problem. This is despite the availability of powerful search and inference techniques for scheduling problems developed by the constraint programming community. In this paper, we introduce a simple hybrid algorithm for job-shop scheduling that leverages both the fast, broad search capabilities of modern tabu search and the scheduling-specific inference capabilities of constraint programming. The hybrid algorithm significantly improves the performance of a state-of-the-art tabu search for the job-shop problem, and represents the first instance in which a constraint programming algorithm obtains performance competitive with the best local search algorithms. Further, the variability in solution quality obtained by the hybrid is significantly lower than that of pure local search algorithms. As an illustrative example, we identify twelve new best-known solutions on Taillard's widely studied benchmark problems. C1 [Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Beck, J. Christopher] Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Watson, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwatson@sandia.gov; jcb@mie.utoronto.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Innovation,; Ontario Research Fund; Microway; Inc.; ILOG; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Research Fund, Microway, Inc., and ILOG, S.A.. Sandia is a multipurpose laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-68154-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5015 BP 263 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHS70 UT WOS:000255983700021 ER PT S AU Olama, MM Li, Y Djouadi, SM Charalambous, CD AF Olama, Mohammed M. Li, Yanyan Djouadi, Seddik M. Charalambous, Charalambos D. BE Arioui, H Merzouki, R Abbassi, HA TI Stochastic wireless channel modeling, estimation and identification from measurements SO INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Mediterranean Conference on Intelligent Systems and Automation (CISA 2008) CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2008 CL Annaba, ALGERIA SP Univ Evry, Natl Agcy Res Univ, Univ Annaba, CNRS, Foreign France Minist DE identification; expectation maximization; Kalman filter; stochastic modeling; wireless channels ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION AB This paper is concerned with stochastic modeling of wireless fading channels, parameter estimation, and system identification from measurement data. Wireless channels are represented by stochastic state-space form, whose parameters and state variables are estimated using the expectation maximization algorithm and Kalman filtering, respectively. The latter are carried out solely from received signal measurements. These algorithms estimate the channel inphase and quadrature components and identify the channel parameters recursively. The proposed algorithm is tested using measurement data, and the results are presented. C1 [Olama, Mohammed M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Yanyan; Djouadi, Seddik M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Charalambous, Charalambos D.] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus. RP Olama, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM olamahussemm@ornl.gov; yli24@utk.edu; djouvadi@ece.utk.edu; chadcha@ucy.ac.cy OI , Charalambos D./0000-0002-2168-0231 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0540-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1019 BP 433 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BHX37 UT WOS:000257193900070 ER PT B AU Wang, LW Lee, B Shan, HZ Zhao, ZJ Meza, J Strohmaier, E Bailey, DH AF Wang, Lin-Wang Lee, Byounghak Shan, Hongzhang Zhao, Zhengji Meza, Juan Strohmaier, Erich Bailey, David H. GP IEEE TI Linearly Scaling 3D Fragment Method for Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculations SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB We present a new linearly scaling three-dimensional fragment (LS3DF) method for large scale ab initio electronic structure calculations. LS3DF is based on a divide-and-conquer approach, which incorporates a novel patching scheme that effectively cancels out the artificial boundary effects due to the subdivision of the system. As a consequence, the LS3DF program yields essentially the same results as direct density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The fragments of the LS3DF algorithm can be calculated separately with different groups of processors. This leads to almost perfect parallelization on over one hundred thousand processors. After code optimization, we were able to achieve 60.3 Tflop/s, which is 23.4% of the theoretical peak speed on 30,720 Cray XT4 processor cores. In a separate run on a BlueGene/P system, we achieved 107.5 Tflop/s on 131,072 cores, or 24.2% of peak. Our 13,824-atom ZnTeO alloy calculation runs 400 times faster than a direct DFT calculation, even presuming that the direct DFT calculation can scale well up to 17,280 processor cores. These results demonstrate the applicability of the LS3DF method to material simulations, the advantage of using linearly scaling algorithms over conventional O(N-3)methods, and the potential for petascale computation using the LS3DF method. C1 [Wang, Lin-Wang; Lee, Byounghak; Shan, Hongzhang; Zhao, Zhengji; Meza, Juan; Strohmaier, Erich; Bailey, David H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LWWang@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200002 ER PT B AU Alvarez, G Summers, MS Maxwell, DE Eisenbach, M Meredith, JS Larkin, JM Levesque, J Maier, TA Kent, PRC D'Azevedo, EF Schulthess, TC AF Alvarez, G. Summers, M. S. Maxwell, D. E. Eisenbach, M. Meredith, J. S. Larkin, J. M. Levesque, J. Maier, T. A. Kent, P. R. C. D'Azevedo, E. F. Schulthess, T. C. GP IEEE TI New algorithm to enable 400+TFlop/s sustained performance in simulations of disorder effects in high-T-c superconductors SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Staggering computational and algorithmic advances in recent years now make possible systematic Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of high temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity in a microscopic model, the two dimensional (2D) Hubbard model, with parameters relevant to the cuprate materials. Here we report the algorithmic and computational advances that enable us to study the effect of disorder and nano-scale inhomogeneities on the pair-formation and the superconducting transition temperature necessary to understand real materials. The simulation code is written with a generic and extensible approach and is tuned to perform well at scale. Significant algorithmic improvements have been made to make effective use of current supercomputing architectures. By implementing delayed Monte Carlo updates and a mixed single/double precision mode, we are able to dramatically increase the efficiency of the code. On the Cray XT4 systems of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), for example, we currently run production jobs on 31 thousand processors and thereby routinely achieve a sustained performance that exceeds 200 TFlop/s. On a system with 49 thousand processors we achieved a sustained performance of 409 TFlop/s. We present a study of how random disorder in the effective Coulomb interaction strength affects the superconducting transition temperature in the Hubbard model. C1 [Alvarez, G.; Summers, M. S.; Maxwell, D. E.; Eisenbach, M.; Meredith, J. S.; Maier, T. A.; Kent, P. R. C.; D'Azevedo, E. F.; Schulthess, T. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Larkin, J. M.; Levesque, J.] Cray Incorp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alvarez, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008; Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017; Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 FU Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation; Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund of ORNL; BES; ASCR FX We acknowledge use of resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which are sponsored by the respective facilities divisions of the offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) and Basic Energy Sciences (BES) of the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank the National Institute for Computational Sciences of the University of Tennessee, which is funded by the National Science Foundation, for allowing us to use their resource for some of the benchmark runs. The present research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund of ORNL, as well BES and ASCR. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 22 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200003 ER PT B AU Bowers, KJ Albright, BJ Bergen, B Yin, L Barker, KJ Kerbyson, DJ AF Bowers, K. J. Albright, B. J. Bergen, B. Yin, L. Barker, K. J. Kerbyson, D. J. GP IEEE TI 0.374 Pflop/s Trillion-Particle Kinetic Modeling of Laser Plasma Interaction on Roadrunner SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE particle in cell; laser plasma instability; inertial confinement fusion; high performance computing; heterogeneous architecture; memory management; petaflop ID IGNITION; CODE AB We demonstrate the outstanding performance and scalability of the VPIC kinetic plasma modeling code on the heterogeneous IBM Roadrunner supercomputer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. VPIC is a three-dimensional, relativistic, electromagnetic, particle-in-cell (PIC) code that self-consistently evolves a kinetic plasma. VPIC simulations of laser plasma interaction were conducted at unprecedented fidelity and scale-Up to 1.0 x 10(12) particles on as many as 136 x 10(6) voxels-to model accurately the particle trapping physics occurring within a laser-driven hohlraum in an inertial confinement fusion experiment. During a parameter study of laser reflectivity as a function of laser intensity under experimentally realizable hohlraum conditions [1], we measured sustained performance exceeding 0.374 Pflop/s (s.p.) with the inner loop itself achieving 0.488 Pflop/s (s.p.). Given the increasing importance of data motion limitations, it is notable that this was measured in a PIC calculation-a technique that typically requires more data motion per computation than other techniques (such as dense matrix calculations, molecular dynamics N-body calculations and Monte-Carlo calculations) often used to demonstrate supercomputer performance. This capability opens up the exciting possibility of using VPIC to model, from first-principles, an issue critical to the success of the multi-billion dollar DOE/NNSA National Ignition Facility. C1 [Bowers, K. J.] DE Shaw Res LLC, 120 W 45th St,39th Floor, New York, NY 10036 USA. [Albright, B. J.; Yin, L.] Appl Phys Div, X 1 PTA Plasma Theory & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bergen, B.] Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, CCS 2 Computat Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Barker, K. J.; Kerbyson, D. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, CCS 1 Comp Sci High Performance Comp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Bowers, KJ (reprint author), DE Shaw Res LLC, 120 W 45th St,39th Floor, New York, NY 10036 USA. EM kevin.j.bowers@gmail.com; balbright@lanl.gov; bergen@lanl.gov; lyin@lanl.gov; kjbarker@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov FU United States Department of Energy by the Los Alamos National Security LLC Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program FX This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by the Los Alamos National Security LLC Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Work supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. Document release number: LA-UR-08-2405. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 32 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200004 ER PT B AU Swaminarayan, S Germann, TC Kadau, K Fossum, GC AF Swaminarayan, Sriram Germann, Timothy C. Kadau, Kai Fossum, Gordon C. GP IEEE TI 369 Tflop/s Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Roadrunner General-Purpose Heterogeneous Supercomputer SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID SHOCK-WAVES; COPPER; VIEW AB We present timing and performance numbers for a short-range parallel molecular dynamics (MD) code, SPaSM, that has been rewritten for the heterogeneous Roadrunner supercomputer. Each Roadrunner compute node consists of two AMD Opteron dual-core microprocessors and four PowerXCell 8i enhanced Cell microprocessors, so that there are four MPI ranks per node, each with one Opteron and one Cell. The interatomic forces are computed on the Cells (each with one PPU and eight SPU cores), while the Opterons are used to direct inter-rank communication and perform I/O-heavy periodic analysis, visualization, and checkpointing tasks. The performance measured for our initial implementation of a standard Lennard-Jones pair potential benchmark reached a peak of 369 Tflop/s double-precision floating-point performance on the full Roadrunner system (27.7% of peak), corresponding to 124 MFlop/Watt/s at a price of approximately 3.69 MFlops/dollar. We demonstrate an initial target application, the jetting and ejection of material from a shocked surface. C1 [Swaminarayan, Sriram; Germann, Timothy C.; Kadau, Kai] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2,Mail Stop B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fossum, Gordon C.] IBM Corp, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Swaminarayan, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2,Mail Stop B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We gratefully acknowledge the advice and support generously provided by members of the Roadrunner Advanced Algorithms Project Team at LANL, and Cornell Wright, Christopher Engel, and Bill Brandmeyer of IBM. This work was supported by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS) under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 43 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200005 ER PT B AU Gamblin, T de Supinski, BR Schulz, M Fowler, R Reed, DA AF Gamblin, Todd de Supinski, Bronis R. Schulz, Martin Fowler, Rob Reed, Daniel A. GP IEEE TI Scalable Load-Balance Measurement for SPMD Codes SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID PARALLEL PERFORMANCE; IMAGE AB Good load balance is crucial on very large parallel systems, but the most sophisticated algorithms introduce dynamic imbalances through adaptation in domain decomposition or use of adaptive solvers. To observe and diagnose imbalance, developers need system-wide, temporally-ordered measurements from full-scale runs. This potentially requires data collection from multiple code regions on all processors over the entire execution. Doing this instrumentation naively can, in combination with the application itself, exceed available I/O bandwidth and storage capacity, and can induce severe behavioral perturbations. We present and evaluate a novel technique for scalable, low-error load balance measurement. This uses a parallel wavelet transform and other parallel encoding methods. We show that our technique collects and reconstructs system-wide measurements with low error. Compression time scales sublinearly with system size and data volume is several orders of magnitude smaller than the raw data. The overhead is low enough for online use in a production environment. C1 [Gamblin, Todd; Fowler, Rob] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reed, Daniel A.] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Gamblin, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM tgamblin@cs.unc.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; rjf@renci.org; daniel.reed@microsoft.com FU U.S. Department of Energy,; Office of Science SciDAC PERI [DE-FC02-06ER25764]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-406045)] FX Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, supported by the Office of Science SciDAC PERI (DE-FC02-06ER25764) and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-406045). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 68 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200007 ER PT B AU Ferreira, KB Bridges, P Brightwell, R AF Ferreira, Kurt B. Bridges, Patrick Brightwell, Ron GP IEEE TI Characterizing Application Sensitivity to OS Interference Using Kernel-Level Noise Injection SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID PERFORMANCE AB Operating system noise has been shown to be a key limiter of application scalability in high-end systems. While several studies have attempted to quantify the sources and effects of system interference using user-level mechanisms, there are few published studies on the effect of different kinds of kernel-generated noise on application performance at scale. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of real-world, large-scale applications to a range of OS noise patterns using a kernel-based noise injection mechanism implemented in the Catamount lightweight kernel. Our results demonstrate the importance of how noise is generated, in terms of frequency and duration, and how this impact changes with application scale. For example, our results show that 2.5% net processor noise at 10,000 nodes can have no impact or can result in over a factor of 20 slowdown for the same application, depending solely on how the noise is generated. We also discuss how the characteristics of the applications we studied, for example computation/communication ratios, collective communication sizes, and other characteristics, related to their tendency to amplify or absorb noise. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings on the design of new operating systems, middleware, and other system services for high-end parallel systems. C1 [Ferreira, Kurt B.; Bridges, Patrick] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ferreira, KB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kurt@cs.unm.edu; bridges@cs.unm.edu; rbbrigh@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy's Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge a number of associates from Sandia National Labs for their assistance in this work. We thank Sue Kelly, Bob Ballance, and the entire Red Storm support staff for their tireless support during our dedicated system time. We also wish to thank Courtenay Vaughan for his help in configuring our three representative HPC applications and Kevin Pedretti for his support of this project. Lastly, we wish to thank the US Department of Energys Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research for their financial support of this work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 80 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200008 ER PT B AU Wang, C Mueller, F Engelmann, C Scott, SL AF Wang, Chao Mueller, Frank Engelmann, Christian Scott, Stephen L. GP IEEE TI Proactive Process-Level Live Migration in HPC Environments SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB As the number of nodes in high-performance computing environments keeps increasing, faults are becoming common place. Reactive fault tolerance (FT) often does not scale due to massive I/O requirements and relies on manual job resubmission. This work complements reactive with proactive FT at the process level. Through health monitoring, a subset of node failures can be anticipated when one's health deteriorates. A novel process-level live migration mechanism supports continued execution of applications during much of processes migration. This scheme is integrated into an MPI execution environment to transparently sustain health-inflicted node failures, which eradicates the need to restart and requeue MPI jobs. Experiments indicate that 1-6.5 seconds of prior warning are required to successfully trigger live process migration while similar operating system virtualization mechanisms require 13-24 seconds. This self-healing approach complements reactive FT by nearly cutting the number of checkpoints in half when 70% of the faults are handled proactively. C1 [Wang, Chao; Mueller, Frank] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Engelmann, Christian; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mueller@cs.ncsu.edu FU NSF [CCR-0237570 (CAREER), CNS-0410203, CCF-0429653, DOE DE-FG0205ER25664]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; UT Battelle,LCC [DOE DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grants CCR-0237570 (CAREER), CNS-0410203, CCF-0429653 and DOE DE-FG02 05ER25664. The research at ORNL was supported by Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and DOE DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT Battelle, LLC. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 126 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200012 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Yu, WK Wing, WR Poole, SW Vetter, JS AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Yu, Weikuan Wing, William R. Poole, Stephen W. Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Wide-Area Performance Profiling of 10GigE and InfiniBand Technologies SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE InfiniBand; 10GigE LAN/WAN-PHY; TCP performance; high-performance networking AB For wide-area high-performance applications, light-paths provide 10Gbps connectivity, and multi-core hosts with PCI-Express can drive such data rates. However, sustaining such end-to-end application throughputs across connections of thousands of miles remains challenging, and the current performance studies of such solutions are very limited. We present an experimental study of two solutions to achieve such throughputs based on: (a) 10Gbps Ethernet with TCP/IP transport protocols, and (b) InfiniBand and its wide-area extensions. For both, we generate performance profiles over 10Gbps connections of lengths up to 8600 miles, and discuss the components, complexity, and limitations of sustaining such throughputs, using different connections and host configurations. Our results indicate that IB solution is better suited for applications with a single large flow, and 10GigE solution is better for those with multiple competing flows. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Yu, Weikuan; Wing, William R.; Poole, Stephen W.; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; wyu@ornl.gov; wrw@ornl.gov; spoole@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 182 EP 193 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200017 ER PT B AU Rubel, O Prabhat Wu, KS Childs, H Meredith, J Geddes, CGR Cormier-Michel, E Ahern, S Weber, GH Messmer, P Hagen, H Hamann, B Bethel, EW AF Ruebel, Oliver Prabhat Wu, Kesheng Childs, Hank Meredith, Jeremy Geddes, Cameron G. R. Cormier-Michel, Estelle Ahern, Sean Weber, Gunther H. Messmer, Peter Hagen, Hans Hamann, Bernd Bethel, E. Wes GP IEEE TI High Performance Multivariate Visual Data Exploration for Extremely Large Data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB One of the central challenges in modern science is the need to quickly derive knowledge and understanding from large, complex collections of data. We present a new approach that deals with this challenge by combining and extending techniques from high performance visual data analysis and scientific data management. This approach is demonstrated within the context of gaining insight from complex, time-varying datasets produced by a laser wakefield accelerator simulation. Our approach leverages histogram-based parallel coordinates for both visual information display as well as a vehicle for guiding a data mining operation. Data extraction and subsetting are implemented with state-of-the-art index/query technology. This approach, while applied here to accelerator science, is generally applicable to a broad set of science applications, and is implemented in a production-quality visual data analysis infrastructure. We conduct a detailed performance analysis and demonstrate good scalability on a distributed memory Cray XT4 system. C1 [Ruebel, Oliver; Prabhat; Wu, Kesheng; Weber, Gunther H.; Hamann, Bernd; Bethel, E. Wes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Childs, Hank] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Meredith, Jeremy; Ahern, Sean] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Cormier-Michel, Estelle] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, LOASIS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruebel, Oliver; Hamann, Bernd; Bethel, E. Wes] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ruebel, Oliver; Hagen, Hans; Hamann, Bernd] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Int Res Training Grp, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Messmer, Peter] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Rubel, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Science; Offices of High Energy Physics; Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program's Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; COMPASS FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy Physics and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) programs Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) and the COMPASS project. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also thank the VORPAL development team for ongoing efforts to develop and maintain this parallel C++ framework on a variety of supercomputing platforms including those at NERSC. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 194 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200018 ER PT B AU Chen, Y Byna, S Sun, XH Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Chen, Yong Byna, Surendra Sun, Xian-He Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William GP IEEE TI Hiding I/O Latency with Pre-execution Prefetching for Parallel Applications SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Parallel applications are usually able to achieve high computational performance but suffer from large latency in I/O accesses. I/O prefetching is an effective solution for masking the latency. Most of existing I/O prefetching techniques, however, are conservative and their effectiveness is limited by low accuracy and coverage. As the processor-I/O performance gap has been increasing rapidly, data-access delay has become a dominant performance bottleneck. We argue that it is time to revisit the "I/O wall" problem and trade the excessive computing power with data-access speed. We propose a novel pre-execution approach for masking I/O latency. We describe the pre-execution I/O prefetching framework, the pre-execution thread construction methodology, the underlying library support, and the prototype implementation in the ROMIO MPI-IO implementation in MPICH2. Preliminary experiments show that the pre-execution approach is promising in reducing I/O access latency and has real potential. C1 [Chen, Yong; Byna, Surendra; Sun, Xian-He] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gropp, William] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM chenyon1@iit.edu; sbyna@iit.edu; sun@iit.edu; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; wgropp@uiuc.edu FU National Science Foundation under NSF [EIA-0224377, CCF-0621435, CCF-0702737] FX We are grateful to Prof. Wei-Keng Liao and Prof. Alok Choudary from Northwestern research group for sharing the collective caching code with us. We thank anonymous re-viewers' valuable suggestions and comments to improve this work. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation under NSF grant EIA-0224377, CCF-0621435, and CCF-0702737. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 242 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200022 ER PT B AU Sternberg, P Ng, EG Yang, C Maris, P Vary, JP Sosonkina, M Le, HV AF Sternberg, Philip Ng, Esmond G. Yang, Chao Maris, Pieter Vary, James P. Sosonkina, Masha Le, Hung Viet GP IEEE TI Accelerating Configuration Interaction Calculations for Nuclear Structure SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID IMPLEMENTATION AB One of the emerging computational approaches in nuclear physics is the configuration interaction (CI) method for solving the many-body nuclear Hamiltonian in a sufficiently large single-particle basis space to obtain exact answers - either directly or by extrapolation. The lowest eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors for very large, sparse and unstructured nuclear Hamiltonian matrices are obtained and used to evaluate additional experimental quantities. These matrices pose a significant challenge to the design and implementation of efficient and scalable algorithms for obtaining solutions on massively parallel computer systems. In this paper, we describe the computational strategies employed in a state-of-the-art CI code MFDn (Many Fermion Dynamics - nuclear) as well as techniques we recently developed to enhance the computational efficiency of MFDn. We will demonstrate the current capability of MFDn and report the latest performance Improvement we have achieved. We will also outline our future research directions. C1 [Sternberg, Philip; Ng, Esmond G.; Yang, Chao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maris, Pieter; Vary, James P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Iowa City, IA 50011 USA. [Sosonkina, Masha; Le, Hung Viet] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Iowa City, IA 50011 USA. RP Sternberg, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PSternberg@lbl.gov; EGNg@lbl.gov; CYang@lbl.gov; pmaris@iastate.edu; jvary@iastate.edu; masha@scl.ameslab.gov; lehung@scl.ameslab.gov FU National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11232]; UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration under DOE [DE-FC02-07ER41457, DE-FG02-87ER40371] FX The computational results presented was obtained at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Director, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11232. Research was supported in part by the UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration under DOE grant DE-FC02-07ER41457 and grant DE-FG02-87ER40371. The authors would like to thank anonymous referees for careful reading and helpful comments NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 252 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200023 ER PT B AU Carns, PH Settlemyer, BW Ligon, WB AF Carns, Philip H. Settlemyer, Bradley W. Ligon, Walter B., III GP IEEE TI Using Server-to-Server Communication in Parallel File Systems to Simplify Consistency and Improve Performance SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB The trend in parallel computing toward clusters running thousands of cooperating processes per application has led to an I/O bottleneck that has only gotten more severe as the CPU density of clusters has increased. Current parallel file systems provide large amounts of aggregate I/O bandwidth; however, they do not achieve the high degrees of metadata scalability required to manage files distributed across hundreds or thousands of storage nodes. In this paper we examine the use of collective communication between the storage servers to improve the scalability of file metadata operations. In particular, we apply server-to-server communication to simplify consistency checking and improve the performance of file creation, file removal, and file stat. Our results indicate that collective communication is an effective scheme for simplifying consistency checks and significantly improving the performance for several real metadata intensive workloads. C1 [Carns, Philip H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Settlemyer, Bradley W.; Ligon, Walter B., III] Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Carns, PH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carns@mcs.anl.gov; bradles@clemson.edu; walt@clemson.edu FU National Science Foundation HECURA [CCF-0621441] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation HECURA program under grant CCF-0621441. We would like to thank Dr. Robert Ross and the PVFS development team for their technical assistance in developing our prototype. We also gratefully acknowledge use of the Jazz cluster operated by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory as part of its Laboratory Computing Resource Center. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200027 ER PT B AU Alam, S Barrett, R Bast, M Fahey, MR Kuehn, J McCurdy, C Rogers, J Roth, P Sankaran, R Vetter, JS Worley, P Yu, W AF Alam, S. Barrett, R. Bast, M. Fahey, M. R. Kuehn, J. McCurdy, C. Rogers, J. Roth, P. Sankaran, R. Vetter, J. S. Worley, P. Yu, W. GP IEEE TI Early Evaluation of IBM BlueGene/P SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; VOLUME DYNAMICAL CORE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; OPENMP AB BlueGene/P (BG/P) is the second generation BlueGene architecture from IBM, succeeding BlueGene/L (BG/L). BG/P is a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design that uses four PowerPC 450 cores operating at 850 MHz with a double precision, dual pipe floating point unit per core. These chips are connected with multiple interconnection networks including a 3-D torus, a global collective network, and a global barrier network. The design is intended to provide a highly scalable, physically dense system with relatively low power requirements per flop. In this paper, we report on our examination of BG/P, presented in the context of a set of important scientific applications, and as compared to other major large scale supercomputers in use today. Our investigation confirms that BG/P has good scalability with an expected lower performance per processor when compared to the Cray XT4's Opteron. We also find that BG/P uses very low power per floating point operation for certain kernels, yet it has less of a power advantage when considering science-driven metrics for mission applications. C1 [Alam, S.; Barrett, R.; Bast, M.; Fahey, M. R.; Kuehn, J.; McCurdy, C.; Rogers, J.; Roth, P.; Sankaran, R.; Vetter, J. S.; Worley, P.; Yu, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alamsr@ornl.gov; rbarrett@ornl.gov; bastm@ornl.gov; faheymr@ornl.gov; kuehn@ornl.gov; cmccurdy@ornl.gov; jrogers@ornl.gov; rothpc@ornl.gov; sankaranr@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; worleyph@ornl.gov; wyu@ornl.gov RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015 OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200028 ER PT B AU Byna, S Chen, Y Sun, XH Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Byna, Surendra Chen, Yong Sun, Xian-He Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William GP IEEE TI Parallel I/O Prefetching Using MPI File Caching and I/O Signatures SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE parallel I/O; prefetching; I/O signatures; MPI-IO AB Parallel I/O prefetching is considered to be effective in improving I/O performance. However, the effectiveness depends on determining patterns among future I/O accesses swiftly and fetching data in time, which is difficult to achieve in general. In this study, we propose an I/O signature-based prefetching strategy. The idea is to use a predetermined I/O signature of an application to guide prefetching. To put this idea to work, we first derived a classification of patterns and introduced a simple and effective signature notation to represent patterns. We then developed a toolkit to trace and generate I/O signatures automatically. Finally, we designed and implemented a thread-based client-side collective prefetching cache layer for MPI-IO library to support prefetching. A prefetching thread reads I/O signatures of an application and adjusts them by observing I/O accesses at runtime. Experimental results show that the proposed prefetching method improves I/O performance significantly for applications with complex patterns. C1 [Byna, Surendra; Chen, Yong; Sun, Xian-He] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gropp, William] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Byna, S (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM sbyna@iit.edu; chenyon1@iit.edu; sun@iit.edu; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; wgropp@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation under NSF [EIA-0224377, CNS-0406328, CNS-0509118, CCF-0621435] FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation under NSF grant EIA-0224377, CNS-0406328, CNS-0509118, and CCF-0621435. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 350 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200032 ER PT B AU Shan, HZ Antypas, K Shalf, J AF Shan, Hongzhang Antypas, Katie Shalf, John GP IEEE TI Characterizing and Predicting the I/O Performance of HPC Applications Using a Parameterized Synthetic Benchmark SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB The unprecedented parallelism of new supercomputing platforms poses tremendous challenges to achieving scalable performance for I/O intensive applications. Performance assessments using traditional I/O system and component benchmarks are difficult to relate back to application I/O requirements. However, the complexity of full applications motivates development of simpler synthetic I/O benchmarks as proxies to the fall application. In this paper we examine the I/O requirements of a range of HPC applications and describe how the LLNL IOR synthetic benchmark was chosen as suitable proxy for the diverse workload. We show a procedure for selecting IOR parameters to match the I/O patterns of the selected applications and show it can accurately predict the I/O performance of the full applications. We conclude that IOR is an effective replacement for full-application I/O benchmarks and can bridge the gap of understanding that typically exists between stand-alone benchmarks and the full applications they intend to model. C1 [Shan, Hongzhang; Antypas, Katie; Shalf, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, HZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hshan@lbl.gov; kantypas@lbl.gov; jshalf@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 408 EP 419 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200037 ER PT B AU Barker, KJ Davis, K Hoisie, A Kerbyson, DJ Lang, M Pakin, S Sancho, JC AF Barker, Kevin J. Davis, Kei Hoisie, Adolfy Kerbyson, Darren J. Lang, Mike Pakin, Scott Sancho, Jose C. GP IEEE TI Entering the Petaflop Era: The Architecture and Performance of Roadrunner SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE Petascale computing; heterogeneous; accelerators; performance analysis; Roadrunner ID BROAD-BAND ENGINE; CELL; MULTIPROCESSOR AB Roadrunner is a 1.38 Pflop/s-peak (double precision) hybrid-architecture supercomputer developed by LANL and IBM. It contains 12,240 IBM PowerXCell 8i processors and 12,240 AMD Opteron cores in 3,060 compute nodes. Roadrunner is the first supercomputer to run Linpack at a sustained speed in excess of 1 Pflop/s. In this paper we present a detailed architectural description of Roadrunner and a detailed performance analysis of the system. A case study of optimizing the MPI-based application Sweep3D to exploit Roadrunner's hybrid architecture is also included. The performance of Sweep3D is compared to that of the code on a previous implementation of the Cell Broadband Engine architecture-the Cell BE-and on multi-core processors. Using validated performance models combined with Roadrunner-specific microbenchmarks we identify performance issues in the early pre-delivery system and infer how well the final Roadrunner configuration will perform once the system software stack has matured. C1 [Barker, Kevin J.; Davis, Kei; Hoisie, Adolfy; Kerbyson, Darren J.; Lang, Mike; Pakin, Scott; Sancho, Jose C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barker, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM kjbarker@lanl.gov; kei@lanl.gov; hoisie@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov; mlang@lanl.gov; pakin@lanl.gov; jcsancho@lanl.gov RI Sancho , Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho , Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 476 EP 486 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200043 ER PT B AU Datta, K Murphy, M Volkov, V Williams, S Carter, J Oliker, L Patterson, D Shalf, J Yelick, K AF Datta, Kaushik Murphy, Mark Volkov, Vasily Williams, Samuel Carter, Jonathan Oliker, Leonid Patterson, David Shalf, John Yelick, Katherine GP IEEE TI Stencil Computation Optimization and Auto-tuning on State-of-the-Art Multicore Architectures SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Understanding the most efficient design and utilization of emerging multicore systems is one of the most challenging questions faced by the mainstream and scientific computing industries in several decades. Our work explores multicore stencil (nearest-neighbor) computations - a class of algorithms at the heart of many structured grid codes, including PDE solvers. We develop a number of effective optimization strategies, and build an auto-tuning environment that searches over our optimizations and their parameters to minimize runtime, while maximizing performance portability. To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies we explore the broadest set of multicore architectures in the current HPC literature, including the Intel Clovertown, AMD Barcelona, Sun Victoria Falls, IBM QS22 PowerWell 8i, and NVIDIA GTX280. Overall, our auto-tuning optimization methodology results in the fastest multicore stencil performance to date. Finally, we present several key insights into the architectural trade-offs of emerging multicore designs and their implications on scientific algorithm development. C1 [Datta, Kaushik; Williams, Samuel; Carter, Jonathan; Oliker, Leonid; Patterson, David; Shalf, John; Yelick, Katherine] NERSC, CRD, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta, Kaushik; Murphy, Mark; Volkov, Vasily; Williams, Samuel; Oliker, Leonid; Patterson, David; Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Datta, K (reprint author), NERSC, CRD, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 510 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200046 ER PT B AU Lin, HS Balaji, P Poole, R Sosa, C Ma, XS Feng, WC AF Lin, Heshan Balaji, Pavan Poole, Ruth Sosa, Carlos Ma, Xiaosong Feng, Wu-chun GP IEEE TI Massively Parallel Genomic Sequence Search on the Blue Gene/P Architecture SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB This paper presents our first experiences in mapping and optimizing genomic sequence search onto the massively parallel IBM Blue Gene/P (BG/P) platform. Specifically, we performed our work on mpiBLAST, a parallel sequence-search code that has been optimized on numerous supercomputing environments. In doing so, we identify several critical performance issues. Consequently, we propose and study different approaches for mapping sequence-search and parallel I/O tasks on such massively parallel architectures. We demonstrate that our optimizations can deliver nearly linear scaling (93% efficiency) on up to 32,768 cores of BG/P. In addition, we show that such scalability enables us to complete a large-scale bioinformatics problem - sequence searching a microbial genome database against itself to support the discovery of missing genes in genomes - in only a few hours on BG/P. Previously, this problem was viewed as computationally intractable in practice. C1 [Lin, Heshan] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balaji, Pavan] Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Poole, Ruth] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Armonk, NY USA. [Sosa, Carlos] Univ Minnesota, Biomed Informat & Computat Biol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sosa, Carlos] IBM Corp, Blue Gene Software Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Feng, Wu-chun] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lin, HS (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hlin2@ncsu.edu; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; rjpoole@us.ibm.com; cpsosa@us.ibm.com; ma@cs.ncsu.edu; feng@cs.vt.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 522 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200047 ER PT B AU Raicu, I Zhang, Z Wilde, M Foster, I Beckman, P Iskra, K Clifford, B AF Raicu, Ioan Zhang, Zhao Wilde, Mike Foster, Ian Beckman, Pete Iskra, Karnil Clifford, Ben GP IEEE TI Toward Loosely Coupled Programming on Petascale Systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE many task computing; high throughput computing; loosely coupled applications; petascale; Blue Gene; Falkon; Swift AB We have extended the Falkon lightweight task execution framework to make loosely coupled programming on petascale systems a practical and useful programming model. This work studies and measures the performance factors involved in applying this approach to enable the use of petascale systems by a broader user community, and with greater ease. Our work enables the execution of highly parallel computations composed of loosely coupled serial jobs with no modifications to the respective applications. This approach allows a new-and potentially far larger-class of applications to leverage petascale systems, such as the TBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer. We present the challenges of I/O performance encountered in making this model practical, and show results using both microbenchmarks and real applications from two domains: economic energy modeling and molecular dynamics. Our benchmarks show that we can scale up to 160K processor-cores with high efficiency, and can achieve sustained execution rates of thousands of tasks per second. C1 [Raicu, Ioan; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhang, Zhao; Wilde, Mike; Foster, Ian; Clifford, Ben] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Wilde, Mike; Foster, Ian; Beckman, Pete; Iskra, Karnil] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Raicu, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM iraicu@cs.uchicago.edu; zhaozhang@uchicago.edu; wilde@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov; beckman@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; benc@ci.uchicago.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 533 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200048 ER PT B AU Huck, KA Hernandez, O Bui, V Chandrasekaran, S Chapman, B Malony, AD McInnes, LC Norris, B AF Huck, Kevin A. Hernandez, Oscar Bui, Van Chandrasekaran, Sunita Chapman, Barbara Malony, Allen D. McInnes, Lois Curfman Norris, Boyana GP IEEE TI Capturing Performance Knowledge for Automated Analysis SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Automating the process of parallel performance experimentation, analysis, and problem diagnosis can enhance environments for performance-directed application development, compilation, and execution. This is especially true when parametric studies, modeling, and optimization strategies require large amounts of data to be collected and processed for knowledge synthesis and reuse. This paper describes the integration of the PerfExplorer performance data mining framework with the OpenUH compiler infrastructure. OpenUH provides auto-instrumentation of source code for performance experimentation and PerfExplorer provides automated and reusable analysis of the performance data through a scripting interface. More importantly, PerfExplorer inference rules have been developed to recognize and diagnose performance characteristics important for optimization strategies and modeling. Three case studies are presented which show our success with automation in OpenMP and MPI code tuning, parametric characterization, and power modeling. The paper discusses how the integration supports performance knowledge engineering across applications and feedback-based compiler optimization in general. C1 [Huck, Kevin A.; Malony, Allen D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hernandez, Oscar; Bui, Van; Chapman, Barbara] Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chandrasekaran, Sunita] Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr High Performance Embedded Syst, Singapore 637553, Singapore. [McInnes, Lois Curfman; Norris, Boyana] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huck, KA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM khuck@cs.uoregon.edu; oscar@cs.uh.edu; van.bui@mail.uh.edu; suni0003@ntu.edu.sg; chapman@cs.uh.edu; malony@cs.uoregon.edu; curfman@mcs.anl.gov; norris@mcs.anl.gov FU University of Oregon [DEFG0207ER25826, DE-FG02-05ER25680]; MICS program of the U.S. DOE, Office of Science; NSF [CCF0444475]; CISE-BPC under NSF [0444345]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [CCF-0444468]; [CCF-0702775] FX University of Oregon research is sponsored by contracts DEFG0207ER25826 and DE-FG02-05ER25680 from the MICS program of the U.S. DOE, Office of Science and NSF grant #CCF0444475. University of Houston research is sponsored by the NSF grants #CCF-0444468 and #CCF-0702775. Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported through a CISE-BPC supplement under NSF grant #0444345 and DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 569 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200051 ER PT B AU Khanna, G Catalyurek, U Kurc, T Kettimuthu, R Sadayappan, P Foster, I Saltz, J AF Khanna, Gaurav Catalyurek, Umit Kurc, Tahsin Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Sadayappan, P. Foster, Ian Saltz, Joel GP IEEE TI Using Overlays For Efficient Data Transfer Over Shared Wide-Area Networks SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID TASKS AB Data-intensive applications frequently transfer large amounts of data over wide-area networks. The performance achieved in such settings can often be improved by routing data via intermediate nodes chosen to increase aggregate bandwidth. We explore the benefits of overlay network approaches by designing and implementing a service-oriented architecture that incorporates two key optimizations - multi-hop path splitting and multi-pathing - within the GridFTP file transfer protocol. We develop a file transfer scheduling algorithm that incorporates the two optimizations in conjunction with the use of available file replicas. The algorithm makes use of information from past GridFrP transfers to estimate network bandwidths and resource availability. The effectiveness of these optimizations is evaluated using several application file transfer patterns: one-to-all broadcast, all-to-one gather, and data redistribution, on a wide-area testbed. The experimental results show that our architecture and algorithm achieve significant performance improvement. C1 [Khanna, Gaurav; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit; Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. [Catalyurek, Umit] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH USA. RP Khanna, G (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 614 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200055 ER PT B AU Larkins, DB Dinan, J Krishnamoorthy, S Parthasarathy, S Rountev, A Sadayappan, P AF Larkins, D. Brian Dinan, James Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Parthasarathy, Srinivasan Rountev, Atanas Sadayappan, P. GP IEEE TI Global Trees: A Framework for Linked Data Structures on Distributed Memory Parallel Systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB This paper describes the Global Trees (GT) system that provides a multi-layered interface to a global address space view of distributed tree data structures, while providing scalable performance on distributed memory systems. The Global Trees system utilizes coarse-grained data movement to enhance locality and communication efficiency. We describe the design and implementation of GT illustrate its use in the context of a gravitational simulation application, and provide experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The key benefits of using this system include efficient shared-memory style programming of distributed trees, tree-specific optimizations for data access and computation, and the ability to customize many aspects of GT to optimize application performance. C1 [Larkins, D. Brian; Dinan, James; Parthasarathy, Srinivasan; Rountev, Atanas; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Larkins, DB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM larkins@cse.ohio-state.edu; dinan@cse.ohio-state.edu; srini@cse.ohio-state.edu; rountev@cse.ohio-state.edu; sriram@pnl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu FU DOE [DE-FC02-06ER25755]; NSF [0403342]; State of Ohio Development Fund; [IIS-0347662]; [CCF-0702587] FX This research was supported in part by DOE grant #DE-FC02- 06ER25755, by NSF grants #0403342, IIS-0347662 and CCF-0702587, and a State of Ohio Development Fund. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 662 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200059 ER PT B AU Brightwell, R Pedretti, K Hudson, T AF Brightwell, Ron Pedretti, Kevin Hudson, Trammell GP IEEE TI SMARTMAP: Operating System Support for Efficient Data Sharing Among Processes on a Multi-Core Processor SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB This paper describes SMARTMAP, an operating system technique that implements fixed offset virtual memory addressing. SMARTMAP allows the application processes on a multi-core processor to directly access each other's memory without the overhead of kernel involvement. When used to implement MPI, SMARTMAP eliminates all extraneous memory-to-memory copies imposed by UNIX-based shared memory strategies. In addition, SMARTMAP can easily support operations that UNIX-based shared memory cannot, such as direct, in-place MPI reduction operations and one-sided get/put operations. We have implemented SMARTMAP in the Catamount lightweight kernel for the Cray XT and modified MPI and Cray SHMEM libraries to use it. Micro-benchmark performance results show that SMARTMAP allows for significant improvements in latency, bandwidth, and small message rate on a quad-core processor. C1 [Brightwell, Ron; Pedretti, Kevin] Sandia Natl Labs, Scable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hudson, Trammell] Operating Syst Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbrigh@sandia.gov; ktpedre@sandia.gov; hudson@osresearch.net NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 675 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200060 ER PT B AU Lee, GL Ahn, DH Arnold, DC de Supinski, BR Legendre, M Miller, BP Schulz, M Liblit, B AF Lee, Gregory L. Ahn, Dong H. Arnold, Dorian C. de Supinski, Bronis R. Legendre, Matthew Miller, Barton P. Schulz, Martin Liblit, Ben GP IEEE TI Lessons Learned at 208K: Towards Debugging Millions of Cores SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Petascale systems will present several new challenges to performance and correctness tools. Such machines may contain millions of cores, requiring that tools use scalable data structures and analysis algorithms to collect and to process application data. In addition, at such scales, each tool itself will become a large parallel application - already, debugging the full Blue-Gene/L, (BG/L) installation at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory requires employing 1664 tool daemons. To reach such sizes and beyond, tools must use a scalable communication infrastructure and manage their own tool processes efficiently. Some system resources, such as the file system, may also become tool bottlenecks. In this paper, we present challenges to petascale tool development, using the Stack Trace Analysis Tool (STAT) as a case study. STAT is a lightweight tool that gathers and merges stack traces from a parallel application to identify process equivalence classes. We use results gathered at thousands of tasks on an Infiniband cluster and results up to 208K processes on BG/L to identify current scalability issues as well as challenges that will be faced at the petascale. We then present implemented solutions to these challenges and show the resulting performance improvements. We also discuss future plans to meet the debugging demands of petascale machines. C1 [Lee, Gregory L.; Ahn, Dong H.; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Arnold, Dorian C.; Legendre, Matthew; Miller, Barton P.; Liblit, Ben] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lee, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lee218@llnl.gov; ahn1@llnl.gov; darnold@cs.wisc.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; legendre@cs.wisc.edu; bart@cs.wisc.edu; schulzm@llnl.gov; liblit@cs.wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-402967)]; DOE [DE-FG02-93ER25176, DE-FC02-07ER25800]; Intel Graduate Fellowship; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0210]; NSF [CCF-0621487, CCF-0701957, CNS-0720565] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DEAC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-402967), and by DOE Grants DE-FG02-93ER25176 and DE-FC02-07ER25800, an Intel Graduate Fellowship, AFOSR Grant FA9550-07-1-0210, and NSF Grants CCF-0621487, CCF-0701957, and CNS-0720565. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 687 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200061 ER PT B AU Scogland, T Balaji, P Feng, W Narayanaswamy, G AF Scogland, T. Balaji, P. Feng, W. Narayanaswamy, G. GP IEEE TI Asymmetric Interactions in Symmetric Multi-core Systems: Analysis, Enhancements and Evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis CY NOV 15-21, 2008 CL Austin, TX ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Multi-core architectures have spurred the recent rapid growth in high-end computing systems. While the vast majority of such multi-core processors contain symmetric hardware components, their interaction with systems software, in particular the communication stack, results in a remarkable amount of asymmetry in the effective capability of the different cores. In this paper, we analyze such interactions and propose a novel management library called SyMMer (Systems Mapping Manager) that monitors these interactions and dynamically manages the mapping of processes on processor cores to transparently improve application performance. Together with a detailed description of the SyMMer library, we also present performance evaluation comparing SyMMer to a vanilla communication library using various micro-benchmarks as well as popular applications and scientific libraries. Experimental results demonstrate more than a two-fold improvement in communication time and 10-15% improvement in overall application performance. C1 [Scogland, T.; Feng, W.; Narayanaswamy, G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Balaji, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scogland, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM njustn@cs.vt.edu; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; feng@cs.vt.edu; cnganesh@cs.vt.edu FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Computer Science in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech FX This research is funded in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and the Department of Computer Science in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2834-2 PY 2008 BP 716 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNH36 UT WOS:000274561200064 ER PT B AU Chadwick, MB Blann, M Hilaire, S AF Chadwick, M. B. Blann, M. Hilaire, S. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Multistep direct preequilibrium reactions and the Monte Carlo approach SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID PRECOMPOUND DECAY MODEL; CROSS-SECTION RATIOS; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS AB We provide an overview of recent developments to the Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) model for calculating preequilibrium reactions. Illustrative examples are shown for nucleon and cluster induced reactions, and for assessing the importance of multiple preequilibrium processes. We present new results using HMS theory to study heavy nuclide recoil velocities, which are important in applications such as radiation heating, damage and single-event-upsets, and also discuss GNASH and TALYS code recoil predictions. We also discuss approaches for performing center-of-mass to laboratory kinematic transformations for the light-ejectile particles - we emphasize that correctly following the kinematics of sequentially decaying nuclei leads to results that can be quite different from those obtained using the traditional 2-body assumption for the recoil boost velocity. We also discuss how angular momentum transfer effects can be included semiclassically in the HMS model, allowing HMS to be linked to a Hauser-Feshbach code to study spin-dependent observables (such as gamma-ray, and isomer production). C1 [Chadwick, M. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1051/ndata:07659 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400006 ER PT B AU Kibedi, T Burrows, TW Trzhaskovskaya, MB Nestor, CW Davidson, PM AF Kibedi, T. Burrows, T. W. Trzhaskovskaya, M. B. Nestor, C. W., Jr. Davidson, P. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Internal conversion coefficients - How good are they now? SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Internal conversion coefficients involving atomic electrons (ICC) and electron-positron pairs (IPC) are often required to determine transition multipolarities and total transition rates. A new internal conversion coefficient data base, BrIcc has been developed which integrates a number of tabulations on ICC and IPC, as well as Omega(EO) electronic factors. To decide which theoretical internal conversion coefficient table to use the accurately determined experimental alpha(K), alpha(L), alpha(Total) and alpha(K)/alpha(L) values were compared with the new Dirac-Fock calculations using extreme assumptions on the effect of the atomic vacancy. While the overall difference between experiment and theory is less than 1%, our analysis shows preference towards the so called Frozen Orbital approximation, which takes into account the effect of the atomic vacancy. C1 [Kibedi, T.; Davidson, P. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, RSPhySE, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Burrows, T. W.] Natl Nucler Data Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Trzhaskovskaya, M. B.] Petersburg Nuclear Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Nestor, C. W., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kibedi, T (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, RSPhySE, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Tibor.Kibedi@anu.edu.au RI Kibedi, Tibor/E-8282-2010 OI Kibedi, Tibor/0000-0002-9205-7500 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07771 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400011 ER PT B AU Kondev, FG Dracoulis, GD Khoo, TL Lane, GJ Byrne, AP Kibedi, T Ahmad, I Back, B Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Peterson, D Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK AF Kondev, F. G. Dracoulis, G. D. Khoo, T. L. Lane, G. J. Byrne, A. P. Kibedi, T. Ahmad, I. Back, B. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Peterson, D. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Chowdhury, P. Tandel, S. K. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Studies of multi-quasiparticle K-isomers in rare-earth and trans-fermium nuclei SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID GAMMA-GAMMA-COINCIDENCES; ROTATIONAL BANDS; FAST DECAY; HIGH-SPIN; STABILITY; STATES; DEFORMATIONS; COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; NO-254 AB Nuclear K-isomers play an important role in understanding the structure. of deformed axially symmetric nuclei. Examples are presented of recent studies in the rare-earth region (A similar to 180) using deep-inelastic and multi-nucleon transfer reactions, and in the trans-fermium region (A similar to 250) using fusion-evaporation reactions. A specific two-level mixing scenario is invoked to explain the unusual decay of the K-pi = 13(+) isomer in Lu-174. The identification of 2- and 4-quasiparticle isomers in No-254 is discussed and predictions of similar isomers in neighboring No and Rf nuclei are presented. C1 [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nuclear Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dracoulis, G. D.; Lane, G. J.; Byrne, A. P.; Kibedi, T.; Ahmad, I.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Khoo, T. L.; Ahmad, I.; Back, B.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Peterson, D.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tandel, S. K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nuclear Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kondev@anl.gov RI Kibedi, Tibor/E-8282-2010; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Kibedi, Tibor/0000-0002-9205-7500; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40848]; ANSTO program for Access toMajor Research Facilities [02/03-H-05]; Australian Research Council Discovery [DP0343027, DP0345844] FX This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-94ER40848, the ANSTO program for Access toMajor Research Facilities, Grant No. 02/03-H-05 and the Australian Research Council Discovery projects DP0343027 and DP0345844 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07775 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400012 ER PT B AU Moller, P Bengtsson, R Kratz, KL Sagawa, H AF Moeller, P. Bengtsson, R. Kratz, K. L. Sagawa, H. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Large-scale calculations of nuclear-structure data for simulation data bases SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION AB In the macroscopic-microscopic model we have (1) enhanced our FRDM (1992) model of nuclear ground-state masses and shapes, (2) performed a global calculation of nuclear shape isomers, in which we characterize the ground-state and isomer minima in terms of their relative energies and shapes, and furthermore provide the saddle heights between all pairs of minima, and (3) performed a calculation of fission potential-energy surfaces for more than 5 million different shapes for each of 5254 nuclei from A = 170 to A = 330. We use an immersion technique borrowed from geography to determine saddle points and minima in these surfaces. We also use this technique to establish if structures such as deep valleys separated by high ridges are present. These would then give rise to different modes of fission. C1 [Moeller, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bengtsson, R.] Lund Inst Technol, Dept Mat Phys, Lund 22100, Sweden. [Kratz, K. L.] Otto Hahn Inst, Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz 55128, Germany. [Sagawa, H.] Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Fukushima 9658580, Japan. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moller@lanl.gov OI Moller, Peter/0000-0002-5848-3565 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07757 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400014 ER PT B AU Kondev, FG Kellett, MA Ahmad, I Greene, JP Nichols, AL AF Kondev, F. G. Kellett, M. A. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Nichols, A. L. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Experimental studies to improve specific actinide decay data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID ABSOLUTE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY; HALF-LIFE; ALPHA-DECAY; CM-246; LIVES; ISOTOPES AB A Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) entitled "Updated Decay Data Library for Actinides" was initiated in :2005 by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with the primary aim of improving the quality of recommended decay data for actinides and their decay chains. Participants have attended two Research Coordination Meetings, and agreed on a list of important nuclides and evaluation methodologies to be adopted in work programmes dedicated to the preparation of a new database. Specific measurements were also proposed to address discrepancies between existing data, and some of these experimental studies are described in detail within this paper. C1 [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kellett, M. A.; Nichols, A. L.] IAEA, Dept Nuclear Sci & Applicat, Nuclear Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. [Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kondev@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and was undertaken with the assistance of the Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency under the auspices of the Coordinated Research Project Updated Decay Data Library for Actinides. The authors are thankful to the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, through the transplutonium element production facilities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the use of 246Cm and 250Cf material. The authors wish to thank all members of the IAEA-CRP for their advice during the course of the work NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07241 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400020 ER PT B AU Sonzogni, AA Burrows, TW Pritychenko, B Tuli, JK Winchell, DF AF Sonzogni, A. A. Burrows, T. W. Pritychenko, B. Tuli, J. K. Winchell, D. F. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nuclear Structure and Radioactive Decay Resources at the US National Nuclear Data Center SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID REFERENCES; SCIENCE AB The National Nuclear Data Center has a long tradition of evaluating nuclear structure and decay data as well as offering tools to assist in nuclear science research and applications. With these tools, users can obtain recommended values for nuclear structure and radioactive decay observables as well as links to the relevant articles. Some of the activities are described in this article. C1 [Sonzogni, A. A.; Burrows, T. W.; Pritychenko, B.; Tuli, J. K.; Winchell, D. F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1051/ndata:07528 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400022 ER PT B AU Sonzogni, A AF Sonzogni, Alejandro BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI NNDC Chart of Nuclides SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The National Nuclear Data Center has recently developed an interactive chart of nuclides, http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/, that provides nuclear structure and decay data. Since its implementation, it has proven to be one of the most popular web products. The information presented is derived from the ENSDF and Nuclear Wallet Card databases. Experimentally known nuclides are represented by a cell in chart with the number of neutrons on the horizontal axis and the number of protons on the vertical axis. The color of the cell is used to indicate the ground state half-life or the ground state predominant decay mode. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sonzogni, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1051/ndata:07530 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400023 ER PT B AU Kawano, T Bonneau, L Kerman, AK AF Kawano, T. Bonneau, L. Kerman, A. K. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Effects of direct reaction coupling in compound reactions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID HAUSER-FESHBACH THEORY; CROSS SECTIONS; NUCLEUS; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING AB The Hauser-Feshbach (HF) model with width fluctuation correction needs to be modified when strongly coupled direct reaction channels exist. We perform cross section calculations for compound reactions which include strongly coupled channels (direct), based on the Kawai-Kerman-McVoy (KKM) theory. In KKM the cross sections are expressed in terms of channel matrix, which is given by the coupled-channels method. Numerical calculations are given for the U-238 elastic scattering cross sections, and the elastic enhancement factor. It is shown that the compound elastic cross sections are affected by the direct channels when the coupling is strong. C1 [Kawano, T.; Bonneau, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kerman, A. K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kawano, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kawano@lanl.gov FU US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX One of us (TK) would like to thank Prof. Kawai for valuable discussions, Dr Chadwick for encouraging this work. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07455 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400034 ER PT B AU Dupuis, M Bonneau, L Kawano, T Bauge, E Delaroche, JP Gogny, D AF Dupuis, Marc Bonneau, Ludovic Kawano, Toshihiko Bauge, Eric Delaroche, Jean Paul Gogny, Daniel BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Quantum preequilibrium multistep direct calculations for nucleon scattering on spherical and deformed nuclei: a microscopic approach SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID EMISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; CLOSED-SHELL NUCLEI; U-238 AB Preequilibrium multistep direct (MSD) double differential cross sections are calculated for medium energy inelastic neutron scattering (11-18 MeV) on Ph-208 and U-238. A microscopic approach is used, since no adjustable parameters are involved. Cross section are expressed as a sum of DWBA transition amplitudes computed with the microscopic two-body interaction M3Y. Final target states are expressed as particle-hole excitations built from single particle states obtained within the HF+BCS theory applied with Skynne force. C1 [Dupuis, Marc; Bonneau, Ludovic; Kawano, Toshihiko] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-16 Nucl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bauge, Eric; Delaroche, Jean Paul] CEA DAM lle France, DPTA SPN, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Gogny, Daniel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dupuis, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-16 Nucl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Prof. A. Kerman for valuable discussions. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07761 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400035 ER PT B AU Dietrich, FS Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Girod, M Gogny, D Grimes, SM Hilaire, S McNabb, DP AF Dietrich, F. S. Anderson, J. D. Bauer, R. W. Girod, M. Gogny, D. Grimes, S. M. Hilaire, S. McNabb, D. P. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Deviation of nuclear radii from a smooth A dependence for neutron data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID HARD-CORE INTERACTION; CHARGE RADII AB Experimental values for r.m.s. charge density radii show deviations from a simple A(1/3) dependence of several percent for statically deformed nuclei and around shell closures. These data, for both stable nuclei and nuclei away from the valley of stability, are well described by Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations carried out at Bruyeres-le-Chatel. By using the neutron and proton r.m.s. radii from these same HFB calculations in conjunction with a folding model to produce an optical potential, we can then predict the expected results from neutron scattering experiments. We have made a detailed study of this procedure in the A = 40-70 mass range. The calculated 14-MeV neutron nonelastic and total cross sections show deviations of several percent from a smooth dependence on A. We conclude that using mean field - folding model calculations is useful for estimating neutron cross sections on nuclei both on and away from the valley of stability. C1 [Dietrich, F. S.; Anderson, J. D.; Bauer, R. W.; Gogny, D.; McNabb, D. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Girod, M.; Hilaire, S.] CEA DAM lle France, DPTA SPN, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Grimes, S. M.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dietrich2@llnl.gov FU Lawrencev Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the University of California, Lawrencev Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07309 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400038 ER PT B AU Wienke, H Capote, R Herman, M Sin, M AF Wienke, H. Capote, R. Herman, M. Sin, M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Deformation dependent TUL multi-step direct model SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID ENDF/B-VII.0; EMPIRE; CODE AB The Multi-Step Direct (MSD) module TRISTAN in the nuclear reaction code EMPIRE has been extended to account for nuclear deformation. The new formalism was tested in calculations of neutron emission spectra emitted from the Th-232(n,xn) reaction. These calculations include vibration-rotational Coupled Channels (CC) for the inelastic scattering to low-lying collective levels, "deformed" MSD with quadrupole deformation for inelastic scattering to the continuum, Multi-Step Compound (MSC) and Hauser-Feshbach with advanced treatment of the fission channel. Prompt fission neutrons were also calculated. The comparison with experimental data shows clear improvement over the "spherical" MSD calculations and JEFF-3.1 and JENDL-3.3 evaluations. C1 [Wienke, H.] Belgonucleaire, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Herman, M.] Natl Nucl Data Ctr, BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sin, M.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys Nucl, Bucharest, Romania. RP Wienke, H (reprint author), Belgonucleaire, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. EM h.wienke@belgacom.net RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 171 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07607 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400040 ER PT B AU Bonneau, L Kawano, T Watanabe, T Chiba, S AF Bonneau, L. Kawano, T. Watanabe, T. Chiba, S. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Direct and semidirect radiative capture of nucleons with Hartree-Fock-BCS bound states SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; SEMI-DIRECT; COUPLING INTERACTION; SKYRMES INTERACTION; ENERGETIC NEUTRONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RESONANCE; U-238; MODEL AB Nucleon radiative capture is one of the most important process for nucleo-synthesis calculations in astrophysics. The nucleon capture can occur in two different mechanisms: the compound reaction and the direct-semidirect (DSD) process. The compound capture cross sections become very small when many neutron channels open because the neutron width becomes much larger than the gamma width. For incident nucleon energies above about 5 MeV, the capture process can be described by the DSD theory only. In the DSD process, the incident particle is captured directly by an unoccupied bound state (direct) or it excites a collective state and is then scattered into a bound state (semidirect). In this picture, the calculation is sensitive to the radial wave functions of the bound state, which are often calculated with a single-particle model using a Wood-Saxon potential. For astrophysical calculations, since experimental information on nuclear structure is uncertain or inaccessible, we apply a Hartree-Fock-BCS (HFBCS) structure model to generate the radial wave functions. The DSD cross sections are obtained by calculating a transition amplitude to the HFBCS states and using the calculated spectroscopic factors. We calculate the neutron capture cross sections for even-even spherical and deformed targets, namely Pb-208, Sn-122,Sn-132 and U-238. The agreement with the experimental cross sections, only available for Pb-208 and U-238, is very good. C1 [Bonneau, L.; Kawano, T.; Watanabe, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Watanabe, T.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Appl Quantum Phys & Nucl Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Chiba, S.] Japan Atomic Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Bonneau, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bonneau@lanl.gov RI Chiba, Satoshi/E-8193-2014 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX One of us (T.W.) acknowledges the Theoretical Division at LANL for the excellent working conditions extending to him during his visit. This work has been carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07310 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400044 ER PT B AU Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Rochman, D Pigni, MT Kawano, T Capote, R Zerkin, V Trkov, A Sin, M Carlson, BV Wienke, H Cho, YS AF Herman, M. Mughabghab, S. F. Oblozinsky, P. Rochman, D. Pigni, M. T. Kawano, T. Capote, R. Zerkin, V. Trkov, A. Sin, M. Carlson, B. V. Wienke, H. Cho, Young-Sik BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI EMPIRE ultimate expansion: resonances and covariances SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The EMPIRE code system is being extended to cover the resolved and unresolved resonance region employing prooven methodology used for the production of new evaluations in the recent Atlas of Neutron Resonances. Another directions of Empire expansion are uncertainties and correlations among them. These include covariances for cross sections as well as for model parameters. In this presentation we concentrate on the Kalman method that has been applied in EMPIRE to the fast neutron range as well as to the resonance region. We also summarize role of the EMPIRE code in the ENDF/B-VII.0 development. Finally, large scale calculations and their impact on nuclear model parameters are discussed along with the exciting perspectives offered by the parallel supercomputing. C1 [Herman, M.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Oblozinsky, P.; Rochman, D.; Pigni, M. T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Capote, R.] Los Alamos Natl Labo, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kawano, T.] Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria. [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Sin, M.] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Carlson, B. V.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mwherman@bnl.gov RI Carlson, Brett/I-2168-2013; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Carlson, Brett/0000-0003-4756-2230; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 207 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07640 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400049 ER PT B AU Dashdorj, D Kawano, T Mitchell, GE Becker, JA Agvaanluvsan, U Chadwick, M Cooper, JR Devlin, M Fotiades, N Garrett, PE Kunieda, S Nelson, RO Wu, CY Younes, W AF Dashdorj, D. Kawano, T. Mitchell, G. E. Becker, J. A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Chadwick, M. Cooper, J. R. Devlin, M. Fotiades, N. Garrett, P. E. Kunieda, S. Nelson, R. O. Wu, C. Y. Younes, W. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Effect of pre-equilibrium spin distribution on neutron induced Sm-150 cross sections SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Prompt gamma-ray production cross section measurements were made as a function of incident neutron energy (E-n = 1 to 35 MeV) on an enriched (95.6%) Sm-150 sample. Energetic neutrons were delivered by the Los Alamos National Laboratory spallation neutron source located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility. The prompt-reaction gamma rays were detected with the large-scale Compton-suppressed Germanium Array for Neutron Induced Excitations (GEANIE). Above E-n approximate to 8 MeV the pre-equilibrium reaction process dominates the inelastic reaction. The spin distribution transferred in pre-equilibrium neutron-induced reactions was calculated using the quantum mechanical theory of Feshbach, Kerman, and Koonin (FKK). These pre-equilibrium spin distributions were incorporated into the Hauser-Feshbach statistical reaction code GNASH and the gamma-ray production cross sections were calculated and compared with experimental data. Neutron inelastic scattering populates Sm-150 excited states either by (1) forming the compound nucleus Sm-151* and decaying by neutron emission, or (2) by the incoming neutron transferring energy to create a particle-hole pair, and thus initiating the pre-equilibrium process. These two processes produce rather different spin distributions: the momentum transfer via the pre-equilibrium process tends to be smaller than in the compound reaction. This difference in the spin population has a significant impact on the gamma-ray de-excitation cascade and therefore in the partial gamma-ray cross sections. The difference in the calculated partial gamma-ray cross sections using spin distributions with and without pre-equilibrium effects was significant, e.g., for the 558-keV transition between 8(+) and 6(+) states the calculated partial gamma-ray production cross sections changed by 70% at E-n = 20 MeV with inclusion of the spin distribution of pre-equilibrium process. C1 [Dashdorj, D.; Mitchell, G. E.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dashdorj, D.; Becker, J. A.; Agvaanluvsan, U.; Wu, C. Y.; Younes, W.] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA USA. [Kawano, T.; Chadwick, M.; Devlin, M.; Fotiades, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mitchell, G. E.] Triangle Univ Nuclear Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Cooper, J. R.; Devlin, M.; Nelson, R. O.] USEC Inc, Piketon, OH USA. [Garrett, P. E.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Dashdorj, D (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ddashdo@ncsu.edu RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG52-06NA26194, DE-FG02-97-ER41042]; National Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada); US DOE by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; US DOE by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported in part (for NCSU/TUNL) by the US Department of Energy Grants No. DE-FG52-06NA26194 (NNSA Academic Alliance) and No. DE-FG02-97-ER41042, and the National Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada). Work performed, in part, under the auspices of the US DOE by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. Work performed, in part, under the auspices of the US DOE by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07545 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400055 ER PT B AU Cowell, S Talou, P Kawano, T Chadwick, MB AF Cowell, S. Talou, P. Kawano, T. Chadwick, M. B. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Evaluation of iridium (n,xn) reactions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTION RATIOS; N,2N REACTIONS; 2N REACTIONS; COMPOUND AB Recent experimental data, including detailed studies of the Ir-191 and Ir-193 metastable states have significantly improved our understanding of the nuclear structure for many iridium isotopes. Combining experimental gamma production cross sections with the results of the reaction theory code GNASH, improved evaluations of neutron induced cross sections on several iridium isotopes have been completed. With a focus on improved descriptions of nuclear structure and pre-equilibrium modeling, Ir-191(n, xn) cross sections are presented. C1 [Cowell, S.; Talou, P.; Kawano, T.; Chadwick, M. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cowell, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM scowell@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1051/ndata:07571 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400059 ER PT B AU Capote, R Sin, M Trkov, A Herman, M Carlson, BV Oblozinsky, P AF Capote, R. Sin, M. Trkov, A. Herman, M. Carlson, B. V. Oblozinsky, P. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Extension of the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE to actinides' nuclear data evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Recent extensions and improvements of the EMPIRE code system are outlined. They add new capabilities to the code, such as prompt fission neutron spectra calculations using Hauser-Feshbach plus pre-equilibrium pre-fission spectra, cross section covariance matrix calculations by Monte Carlo method, fitting of optical model parameters, extended set of optical model potentials including new dispersive coupled channel potentials, parity-dependent level densities and transmission through numerically defined fission barriers. These features, along with improved and validated ENDF formatting, exclusive/inclusive spectra, and recoils make the current EMPIRE release a complete and well validated tool for evaluation of nuclear data at incident energies above the resonance region. The current EMPIRE release has been used in evaluations of neutron induced reaction files for Th-232 and Pa-231,Pa-233 nuclei in the fast neutron region at IAEA. Triple-humped fission barriers and exclusive pre-fission neutron spectra were considered for the fission data evaluation. Total, fission, capture and neutron emission cross section, average resonance parameters and angular distributions of neutron scattering are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. C1 [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Sin, M.] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Carlson, B. V.] Inst Technol Aeronaut, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Capote, R (reprint author), IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM r.capotenoy@iaea.org RI Carlson, Brett/I-2168-2013; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Carlson, Brett/0000-0003-4756-2230; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 255 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07755 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400061 ER PT B AU Rochman, D Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Mughabghab, SF Pigni, M Kawano, T AF Rochman, D. Herman, M. Oblozinsky, P. Mughabghab, S. F. Pigni, M. Kawano, T. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Neutron cross section covariances from thermal energy to 20 MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB We describe new method for energy-energy covariance calculation from the thermal energy up to 20 MeV. It is based on three powerful basic components: (i) Atlas of Neutron Resonances in the resonance region; (ii) the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE in the unresolved resonance and fast neutron regions, and (iii) the Bayesian code KALMAN for correlations and error propagation. Examples for cross section uncertainties and correlations on Zr-90 and Ir-193 illustrate this approach in the resonance and fast neutron regions. C1 [Rochman, D.; Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Pigni, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kawano, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T 16, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rochman, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 265 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07280 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400063 ER PT B AU Talou, P Kawano, T Young, PG AF Talou, P. Kawano, T. Young, P. G. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Covariance matrices for ENDF/B-VII (235,238)U and (239)Pu evaluated files in the fast energy range SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Covariance matrices for evaluated ENDF/B-VII files of (235,238)U and (239)Pu are obtained in the fast energy region. Both differential experimental data and theoretical model calculations are used to estimate the uncertainties and correlations associated with the evaluated cross sections. The results are compiled in the ENDF format for covariance matrices, and processed into multi-group files for applications. C1 [Talou, P.; Kawano, T.; Young, P. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1051/ndata:07679 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400070 ER PT B AU Carjan, N Goutte, H Rizea, M Serot, O Talou, P AF Carjan, N. Goutte, H. Rizea, M. Serot, O. Talou, P. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Dynamical approach to scission-neutron emission in low energy fission SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID NUCLEI AB At a certain neck radius during the descent of a fissioning nucleus from the saddle to the scission point, the attractive nuclear forces can no more withstand the repulsive Coulomb forces producing the neck rupture and the sudden absorbtion of the neck stubs by the fragments. At that moment, the neutrons, although still characterized by their pre-scission wave functions, find themselves in the newly created potential of their interaction with the separated fragments. Their wave functions become wave packets with components in the continuum. The probability to populate such states gives evidently the emission probability of neutrons at scission. In this way we have studied scission neutrons for U-236, using two-dimensional realistic nuclear shapes. We have first calculated symmetric fission. Both the emission probability and the distribution of the emission points relative to the fission fragments strongly depend on the quantum numbers of the pre-scission state from which the neutron is emitted. In particular it was found that states with Omega pi = 1/2+ dominate the emission. Depending on the assumed pre- and post-scission configurations and on the emission barrier height, 30% to 50% of the total scission neutrons are emitted from 1/2+ states. Their emission points are concentrated in the region between the newly separated fragments. The tipper limit for the total number of neutrons per scission event is predicted to lie between 0.16 and 1.73 (depending on the computational assumptions). A sudden transition not only produces scission neutrons but also leaves the fission fragments in an excited state. The corresponding excitation energy was estimated. Then we have investigated the dependence on the mass ratio of the fragments in asymmetric fission. The magnitude of the variation of the scission-neutron multiplicities with the mass of the heavy fragment was compared with that for prompt neutrons. Finally we have studied the effect of the isospin by calculating a series of plutonium isotopes. We have found a 90% increase of the scission-neutron multiplicities front Pu-236 (0.318 n/fission) to Pu-256 (0.597 n/fission) reflecting the increase of the amount of available neutrons in the system. C1 [Carjan, N.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Goutte, H.] CEA DAM Ile France, DPTA Serv Phys Nucl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Rizea, M.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Serot, O.; Talou, P.] CEN Cadarache, DEN DER SPRC LEPh, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, T 16, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Carjan, N (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM carjan@in2p3.fr NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 321 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07680 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400077 ER PT B AU Escher, J Bernstein, LA Burke, J Dietrich, FS Forssen, C Lyles, BF AF Escher, J. Bernstein, L. A. Burke, J. Dietrich, F. S. Forssen, C. Lyles, B. F. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Surrogate reactions: the Weisskopf-Ewing approximation and its limitations SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID TRANSFER-REACTION TH-232(HE-3; FISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; ACTINIDE NUCLEI; PA-233(N; P)PA-234; ISOTOPES AB A brief description of the Surrogate reaction method, an indirect approach for determining compound-nuclear reaction cross sections, is presented. The Weisskopf-Ewing limit, an approximation scheme that is typically employed in the analysis of Surrogate experiments, is considered and its validity and limitations are discussed. C1 [Escher, J.; Bernstein, L. A.; Burke, J.; Dietrich, F. S.; Lyles, B. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Forssen, C.] Chalmers, Dept Fundamental Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lyles, B. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Escher, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM escher1@llnl.gov RI Forssen, Christian/C-6093-2008; Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013 OI Forssen, Christian/0000-0003-3458-0480; FU US Department of Energy (DOE); University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [W-7405-Eng-48]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [04ERD057] FX This work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under contract No.W-7405-Eng-48. Support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL, contract No. 04ERD057, is acknowledged. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07537 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400078 ER PT B AU Jurado, B Kessedjian, G Aiche, M Barreau, G Bidaud, A Czajkowski, S Dassie, D Haas, B Mathieu, L Osmanov, B Audouin, L Capellan, N Tassan-Got, L Wilson, JN BerthoumieuX, E Gunsing, F Theisen, C Serot, O Bauge, E Ahmad, I Greene, JP Janssens, RVF AF Jurado, B. Kessedjian, G. Aiche, M. Barreau, G. Bidaud, A. Czajkowski, S. Dassie, D. Haas, B. Mathieu, L. Osmanov, B. Audouin, L. Capellan, N. Tassan-Got, L. Wilson, J. N. BerthoumieuX, E. Gunsing, F. Theisen, Ch. Serot, O. Bauge, E. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Janssens, R. V. F. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Determination of minor-actinides fission cross sections by means of the surrogate reaction method SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID TRANSFER-REACTION TH-232(HE-3; NEUTRON; PA-233(N; P)PA-234 AB The surrogate reaction method has been used to determine neutron-induced fission cross sections for the short-lived minor actinides Cm-242,Cm-243 and Am-241. These cross sections are highly relevant for the design of fast reactors capable of incinerating minor actinides. Our results for the fission cross section Of Cm-242 extend up to the onset of second-chance fission. None of the existing neutron-induced fission data for Cm-242 go as high in neutron energy. The latest direct neutron-induced measurement for the Cm-243 fission cross section is questioned by our results since there exist differences of more than 60% in the 0.7 to 7 MeV neutron energy range. C1 [Jurado, B.; Kessedjian, G.; Aiche, M.; Barreau, G.; Bidaud, A.; Czajkowski, S.; Dassie, D.; Haas, B.; Mathieu, L.; Osmanov, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Audouin, L.; Capellan, N.; Tassan-Got, L.; Wilson, J. N.] Univ Paris 11, IPN, CNRS IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [BerthoumieuX, E.; Gunsing, F.; Theisen, Ch.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Serot, O.] CEN Cadarache, DEN DER SPRC LEPh, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Bauge, E.] CEA, SPN, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jurado, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM jurado@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015 OI THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022 FU laboratory of the IPN Orsay; CNRS; PACEN/GEDEPEON; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CHII357]; EURATOMproject; "TRANSMA" [(FP6-044556)]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX We thank the tandem accelerator staff and the target laboratory of the IPN Orsay for their great support during the experiment. This work was partly supported by the CNRS programme PACEN/GEDEPEON, the Conseil Regional dAquitaine, the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CHII357, and by the EURATOMproject TRANSMA (FP6-044556). The authors are also indebted for the use of 243Am to the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, through the transplutonium element production facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 331 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07357 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400079 ER PT B AU Bonneau, L Quentin, P Mikhailov, IN AF Bonneau, L. Quentin, P. Mikhailov, I. N. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A definition of scission points and consequences on some fission distributions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID GROUND-STATE MASSES; FRAGMENTS; NUCLEI; DEFORMATIONS; MODEL AB A quantitative definition of scission points occurring in a fission process at low energy (spontaneous or induced by low-energy neutron, gamma, charged particle) is proposed. It is based on the concept of a negligible nuclear mutual energy versus its Coulomb counterpart. Practical ways by which one may approximately, albeit mostly in a microscopic fashion (a la Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-BCS), calculate the total energy at scission and their mutual energy parts is presented in a limited yet relevant collective variable space. For a given fragmentation, we present some modeling of the probability for the fissioning system to lie at a given point in the fragment deformation space. From this probability, one deduces the distributions of total fragment-deformation, excitation or Coulomb energies for a given couple of fragments. To yield these distributions some approximations are made and discussed on the sharing of the energy gained in the descent towards scission between kinetic and excitation energies. Some calculational results using the SkM* Skyrme effective interaction and related to the spontaneous fission of the Cf-252 nucleus are shown for given fragmentations. As an example, results for the angular momentum distributions in primary fission fragments is compared with available data. C1 [Bonneau, L.; Quentin, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Quentin, P.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Mikhailov, I. N.] JINR Dubna, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Mikhailov, I. N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, Orsay, France. RP Bonneau, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bonneau@lanl.gov FU JINR-IN2P3 [03-61]; US Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; IN2P3/CNRS; JINR FX We gratefully acknowledge many enlightening discussions with Pr. F. Gonnenwein. One of the authors (Ph.Q.) thanks the Theoretical Division at LANL for the excellent working conditions extended to him during numerous visits. Another (I.N.M.) acknowledges a valuable support from the JINR-IN2P3 agreement (collaboration 03-61). This research has been supported by the US Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36, the IN2P3/CNRS and the JINR. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 343 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07168 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400082 ER PT B AU Romano, C Danon, Y Block, R Blain, E Bond, E AF Romano, C. Danon, Y. Block, R. Blain, E. Bond, E. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Measurements of fission fragment properties using RPI's lead slowing down spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTION AB A double sided Frisch-gridded fission chamber for use in RPI's lead slowing-down neutron spectrometer (LSDS) is being developed at Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute. Placing this fission chamber in the high neutron flux of the LSDS allows the measurement of the energy dependent, neutron induced fission cross sections, as well as the mass and kinetic energy of the fission fragments of various small samples. The fission chamber consists of two anodes shielded by Frisch grids on either side of a single cathode. The sample is located in the center of the cathode and is made by depositing small amounts of actinides dissolved in solution on very thin films. The chamber was successfully tested and calibrated using 0.4 ng of Cf-252 and mass distributions were compared to previous work. As a proof of concept, the chamber was then placed in the LSDS to measure, simultaneously, the neutron induced fission cross section and fragment mass and energy distributions of 24.9 mu g of U-235. The mass distribution as a function of neutron energy was examined and it may be possible to see changes in the mass distribution as a function of neutron energy. This process will enable the measurement of isotopes that are not available in large enough quantities (sub-micrograms) or with small fission cross sections (microbarns). C1 [Romano, C.; Danon, Y.; Block, R.; Blain, E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Gaerttner LINAC Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bond, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Danon, Y (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Gaerttner LINAC Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM danony@rpi.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 371 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07277 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400089 ER PT B AU Ene, D Borcea, C Flaska, M Kopecky, S Negret, A Mondelaers, W Plompen, AJM AF Ene, D. Borcea, C. Flaska, M. Kopecky, S. Negret, A. Mondelaers, W. Plompen, A. J. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A full characterisation of the GELINA neutron flux distributions and resolution functions with the Monte Carlo code MCNP5 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTION AB A numerical analysis of the GELINA target-moderator assembly has been conducted with the MCNP5 code to completely characterise the facility's neutron and gamma flux distributions as well as the neutron resolution functions. The aim of the work is to provide reference flux distributions for all flight paths for the benefit of external users, improved resolution functions for resonance analysis, and a general purpose calculational tool that may be used as a starting point for the optimisation of experimental arrangements. This work is based on an earlier study in which the suitability of the use of the MCNP code was demonstrated for the purposes discussed here. This detailed neutronic study with the MCNP5 code was performed for all flight paths of the facility. The following parameters characterising the performance of a neutron time-of-flight facility were investigated for the fast and for the moderated flux configurations: - the energy distribution of the time-integrated neutron flux, - the resolution function in dependence of the neutron energy and flight path angle, - the gamma background at the detector position, - the time distribution of neutrons and photons at the detector location. The quality of the facility was also summarised by means of the energy-dependent figure of merit. Results of these calculations are presented and discussed. A better understanding of the correlations between the energy and the time of flight as well as of the origin of the components contributing to the spectra has been achieved by analysing time of flight spectra of both neutrons and photons with respect to the time at which the electron burst hits the target. Based on this work, the accuracy of the determination of the nuclear resonance parameters from time-of-flight measurements was further improved by implementing the detailed description of the resolution functions in the analysis code REFIT. Implementation and testing in the REFIT code of the obtained resolution functions is discussed. C1 [Ene, D.; Borcea, C.; Kopecky, S.; Negret, A.; Mondelaers, W.; Plompen, A. J. M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Borcea, C.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, Bucharest, Romania. [Flaska, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Negret, A.] IFIN HH, Bucharest, Romania. RP Plompen, AJM (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM Arjan.Plompen@ec.europa.eu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07330 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400095 ER PT B AU Guber, KH Koehler, PE Wiarda, D Harvey, JA Valentine, TE Sayer, RO Leal, LL Larson, NM Bigelow, TS Ausmus, C Brashear, DR Overton, RB White, JA Cauley, VM AF Guber, K. H. Koehler, P. E. Wiarda, D. Harvey, J. A. Valentine, T. E. Sayer, R. O. Leal, L. L. Larson, N. M. Bigelow, T. S. Ausmus, C. Brashear, D. R. Overton, R. B. White, J. A. Cauley, V. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI New neutron cross section measurements from ORELA and new resonance parameter evaluations SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CAPTURE AB A series of new measurements has been undertaken in response to deficiencies identified in nuclear data libraries of crucial importance to the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program. New data and evaluations, including covariances, are required for several materials found in mixtures with uranium. For this purpose we performed neutron capture and total cross-section measurements on natural potassium, (41)K, and manganese. C1 [Guber, K. H.; Koehler, P. E.; Wiarda, D.; Harvey, J. A.; Valentine, T. E.; Sayer, R. O.; Leal, L. L.; Larson, N. M.; Bigelow, T. S.; Ausmus, C.; Brashear, D. R.; Overton, R. B.; White, J. A.; Cauley, V. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guberkh@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.1051/ndata:07774 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400097 ER PT B AU McMahan, MA Ahle, L Bleuel, DL Bernstein, L Barquest, BR Cerny, J Heilbronn, LH Jewett, CC Thompson, I Wilson, B AF McMahan, M. A. Ahle, L. Bleuel, D. L. Bernstein, L. Barquest, B. R. Cerny, J. Heilbronn, L. H. Jewett, C. C. Thompson, I. Wilson, B. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Neutron beams from deuteron breakup at the 88-Inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID HEAVY NUCLEI; ENERGIES; FACILITY; FUSION AB Accelerator-based neutron sources offer many advantages, in particular tunability of the neutron beam in energy and width to match the needs of the application. Using a recently constructed neutron beam line at the 83 Inch Cyclotron at LBNL, tunable high-intensity sources of quasi-monoenergetic and broad spectrum neutrons from deuteron breakup are under development for a variety of applications. C1 [McMahan, M. A.; Ahle, L.; Bernstein, L.; Thompson, I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div N, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McMahan, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div N, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM p_mcmahan@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 411 EP 414 DI 10.1051/ndata:07456 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400099 ER PT B AU Haight, RC AF Haight, R. C. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nuclear data research at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID SLOWING-DOWN-SPECTROMETER; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SPALLATION SOURCE; DETECTOR AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is based on an 800-MeV high current proton linear accelerator, which is used to produce intense pulses of neutrons over 16 orders of magnitude in energy from ultra-cold neutrons to neutrons with energies up to 800 MeV. The four separate neutron production areas and the neutron energy ranges at each are: (1) the Weapons Neutron Research facility (0.1 to 800 MeV); (2) the Lujan Center with moderated neutrons (cold - 500 keV); (3) the Lead Slowing-Down Spectrometer (0.1 eV to 200 keV); and (4) the Ultracold Neutron Research facility (ultracold). Because of the flexibility of the accelerator, a wide range of neutron source intensities, pulse widths, and intensities is possible. Nuclear data measurements are conducted with the first three of these sources. Present research activities include experiments (with the instruments used) on high-resolution gamma-ray production by neutrons (GEANIE), neutron capture (DANCE), neutron and gamma-ray emission from fission and other reactions (FIGARO), charged-particle emission (NZ), neutron-induced fission (FISSION), and fission on small samples with a Lead Slowing Down Spectrometer (LSDS). With these capabilities, new approaches to studying neutron-induced reactions are yielding information on a wide range of nuclear data: gamma-ray emission including multiplicity and energy distributions, capture-to-fission ratios, transmutation reactions, emission probabilities for charged particles and neutrons, and cross sections on nuclides off the valley of stability. For some of the instruments, reactions can be studied on very small or short-lived samples. Analysis of the accuracy and precision of experiments is now being carried out in cooperation with data evaluators in order to improve the files of data covariances. Furthermore, the data are providing stringent tests of nuclear reaction models. Researchers from other laboratories in the US and from other countries collaborate in or lead many of these studies. The overview, presented here, of recent and on-going nuclear data research highlights several of the unique research opportunities made possible by the LANSCE neutron sources and specialized instrumentation. Possibilities for future advances are outlined. C1 Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM haight@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1051/ndata:07515 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400100 ER PT B AU Guber, KH Bigelow, TS Ausmus, C Brashear, DR Harvey, JA Koehler, PE Wiarda, D Overton, RB White, JA Cauley, VM AF Guber, K. H. Bigelow, T. S. Ausmus, C. Brashear, D. R. Harvey, J. A. Koehler, P. E. Wiarda, D. Overton, R. B. White, J. A. Cauley, V. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Recent refurbishment of the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator neutron source SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB For almost 40 years the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been operational and has provided high-resolution neutron cross-section data for many isotopes in the energy range from thermal up to 60 MeV. ORELA is a four-section radiofrequency electron linear accelerator with a water-cooled tantalum neutron production target. Short (2-30 ns) electron burst widths together with available long flight paths lead to excellent time-of-flight resolution. The electron beam energy can range up to 180 MeV and at 50 kW of beam power yields a neutron production rate 10(14) n/s. We report on recent refurbishment activities that included improvements to the accelerator vacuum and electron gun design and other upgrades. The current ORELA program is focused on high-resolution neutron cross-section measurements for the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program for nuclides for which deficiencies in existing data have been identified. Additionally neutron cross-section measurements for nuclear astrophysics are performed to support studies of heavy element synthesis in Asymptotic Giant Branch stars. Detection and data analysis capabilities have been developed for making highly accurate measurements of neutron capture, neutron total, and (n,alpha) cross sections simultaneously on different beam lines. C1 [Guber, K. H.; Bigelow, T. S.; Ausmus, C.; Brashear, D. R.; Harvey, J. A.; Koehler, P. E.; Wiarda, D.; Overton, R. B.; White, J. A.; Cauley, V. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guberkh@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1051/ndata:07365 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400106 ER PT B AU Aiche, M Kessedjian, G Barreau, G Jurado, B Bidaud, A Czajkowski, S Dassile, D Haas, B Mathieu, L Tassan-Got, L Wilson, J Hambsch, FJ Oberstedt, S AlMahamid, I Floyd, J LukenS, W Shuh, D AF Aiche, M. Kessedjian, G. Barreau, G. Jurado, B. Bidaud, A. Czajkowski, S. Dassile, D. Haas, B. Mathieu, L. Tassan-Got, L. Wilson, J. Hambsch, F. -J. Oberstedt, S. AlMahamid, I. Floyd, J. LukenS, W. Shuh, D. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Quasi-absolute neutron-induced fission cross section of Am-243 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The existing evaluations of the Am-243 neutron-induced fission cross section have been questioned by recent studies performed at the GNEISS facility. In the neutron energy range from I to 6 MeV the GNEISS data present deviations of more than 15% with respect to the evaluations. In order to solve this problem, we have performed a first quasi-absolute measurement of this fission cross section from the fission threshold up to the onset of second-chance fission. To achieve this goal we have used the neutron-proton scattering cross section as reference reaction to determine the incident neutron flux. This cross section is known with a precision better than 1% for a wide range of neutron energies (1 meV to 20 MeV). C1 [Aiche, M.; Kessedjian, G.; Barreau, G.; Jurado, B.; Bidaud, A.; Czajkowski, S.; Dassile, D.; Haas, B.; Mathieu, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Tassan-Got, L.] Univ Paris 06, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. [Hambsch, F. -J.; Oberstedt, S.] EC JRC IRMM, BL-2440 Geel, Belgium. [AlMahamid, I.] Lab Inorgan & Nucl Chem, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Floyd, J.; LukenS, W.; Shuh, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aiche, M (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM aiche@cenbg.in2p3.fr FU CNRS programme PACE/GEDEPEON; EURATOM Transnational Acess Programm NUDAME FX This work has been supported by the CNRS programme PACE/GEDEPEON and the EURATOM Transnational Acess Programm NUDAME. We thank the Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, NY 12201, to make available the 243Am Target and the IPN Orsay for building the high-quality AE detector of the Si telescope. The authors thank also the VdG accelerator staff of the IRMM at Geel for their great support during the experiment. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 483 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07473 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400117 ER PT B AU Parker, WE Sheets, SA Agvaanluvsan, U Becker, JA Becvar, F Bredeweg, TA Clement, R Couture, A Esch, E Haight, RC Jandel, M Krticka, M Mitchell, GE Macri, R O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM Wilk, PA AF Parker, W. E. Sheets, S. A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Becker, J. A. Becvar, F. Bredeweg, T. A. Clement, R. Couture, A. Esch, E. Haight, R. C. Jandel, M. Krticka, M. Mitchell, G. E. Macri, R. O'Donnell, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Schwantes, J. M. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wouters, J. M. Wilk, P. A. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Review of Livermore-led neutron capture studies using DANCE SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTIONS; EU-153 AB We have made neutron capture cross-section measurements using the white neutron source at the Los Alamos Science Center, the DANCE detector array (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) and targets important for basic science and stockpile stewardship. In this paper, we review results from (n,gamma) reactions on (94.95)Mo, (152,154,157,160,nat) Gd, (151,153) Eu and (242m)Am for neutron energies from < 1 eV up to similar to 20keV. We measured details of the gamma-ray cascade following neutron capture, for comparison with results of statistical model simulations. We determined the neutron energy dependent (n,gamma) cross section and gained information about statistical decay properties, including the nuclear level density and the photon strength function. Because of the high granularity of the detector array, it is possible to look at gamma cascades with a specified number of transitions (a specific multiplicity). We simulated gamma-ray cascades using a combination of the DICEBOX/GEANT computer codes. In the case of the deformed nuclei, we found evidence of a scissors-mode resonance. For the Eu, we also determined the (n,gamma) cross sections. For the (94,95)Mo, we focused on the spin and parity assignments of the resonances and the determination of the photon strength functions for the compound nuclei (95,96)Mo. Future plans include measurements on actinide targets; our immediate interest is in (242m)Am. C1 [Parker, W. E.; Agvaanluvsan, U.; Becker, J. A.; Macri, R.; Wilk, P. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Parker, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1051/ndata:07245 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400119 ER PT B AU Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Devlin, M Dashdorj, D Cowell, S Talou, P Kawano, T Mitchell, GE Becker, JA AF Nelson, R. O. Fotiades, N. Devlin, M. Dashdorj, D. Cowell, S. Talou, P. Kawano, T. Mitchell, G. E. Becker, J. A. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Recent results from GEANIE at LANSCE SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB GEANIE, the Germanium Array for Neutron Induced Excitations, is an array of 26 high-resolution gamma-ray and X-ray detectors at the WNR broad spectrum neutron source at LANSCE. The neutron source is driven by the pulsed 800 MeV proton beam of the LANSCE accelerator, enabling use of the time of flight technique to determine incident neutron energies. The time structure of the pulsed beam allows lifetime measurements during similar to 8 milliseconds between beam bursts. Reactions induced by neutrons in the energy range from 100 keV to over 200 MeV are measured. The gamma-ray energy range covered is from 15 keV to 4 MeV. GEANIE has been in operation for over 10 years. Here we present an overview of recent results from GEANIE including neutron-induced gamma-ray production cross sections, microsecond and millisecond isomer lifetimes, identification and quantification of possible neutron-induced gamma-ray backgrounds in underground double beta decay measurements, and preequilibrium reaction studies. The observation of many new levels in Au-197, population of isomeric states in Ir-190, Au-197, and Tl-202, and cross sections for gamma rays from Ti-48 are presented. Measurement of neutron induced gamma rays from Te, Pb, Cu and Ge-76 that may contribute to backgrounds of underground neutrino-less double-beta decay experiments due to cosmic-ray induced neutrons are in progress. C1 [Nelson, R. O.; Fotiades, N.; Devlin, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dashdorj, D.; Mitchell, G. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cowell, S.; Talou, P.; Kawano, T.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Becker, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, RO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM RNelson@lanl.gov RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Fotiadis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-1410-3871 FU US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-FG52-06NA26194, DE-FG02-97-ER41042, W-7405-ENG-48] FX The authors should like to thank the many collaborators who have participated in GEANIE experiments, including E.B. Norman and M. Dolinski of the CUORE collaboration and D. Mei, V. Guiseppe, and S. Elliott of the Majorana collaboration. This work was supported in part by the US DOE under Contracts No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 (LANL), DE-FG52-06NA26194 (NCSU/TUNL NNSA Academic Alliance), DE-FG02-97-ER41042 (NCSU/TUNL), and W-7405-ENG-48 (LLNL). This work has benefited from the use of the LANSCE accelerator facility that is funded by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 495 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07648 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400120 ER PT B AU Vieira, DJ Jandel, M Bredeweg, TA Bond, EM Clement, RR Couture, A Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM Tonchev, AP Hutcheson, A Angell, CT Crowell, AS Fallin, B Hammond, S Howell, CR Karowowski, HJ Kelley, JH Pedroni, R Tornow, W Macri, RA Agvaanluvsan, U Becker, JA Dashdorj, D Stoyer, MA Wu, CY AF Vieira, D. J. Jandel, M. Bredeweg, T. A. Bond, E. M. Clement, R. R. Couture, A. Haight, R. C. O'Donnell, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Ullmann, J. L. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wouters, J. M. Tonchev, A. P. Hutcheson, A. Angell, C. T. Crowell, A. S. Fallin, B. Hammond, S. Howell, C. R. Karowowski, H. J. Kelley, J. H. Pedroni, R. Tornow, W. Macri, R. A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Becker, J. A. Dashdorj, D. Stoyer, M. A. Wu, C. Y. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Neutron capture and (n,2n) measurements on Am-241 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; DETECTOR AB We report on a set of neutron-induced reaction measurements on Am-241 which are important for nuclear forensics and advanced nuclear reactor design. Neutron capture measurements have been performed on the DANCE detector array at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE). In general, good agreement is found with the most recent data evaluations up to an incident neutron energy of similar to 300 keV where background limits the measurement. Using mono-energetic neutrons produced in the H-2(d,n)He-3 reaction at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), we have measured the Am-241(n,2n) excitation function from 7.6 to 14.5 MeV using the activation method. Good agreement is found with previous measurements, with the exception of the three data points reported by Perdikakis et al. around 11 MeV, where we obtain a much lower cross section that is more consistent with theoretical estimates. C1 [Vieira, D. J.; Jandel, M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Bond, E. M.; Clement, R. R.; Couture, A.; Haight, R. C.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Reifarth, R.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reifarth, R.] GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. [Tonchev, A. P.; Hutcheson, A.; Angell, C. T.; Crowell, A. S.; Fallin, B.; Hammond, S.; Howell, C. R.; Karowowski, H. J.; Kelley, J. H.; Pedroni, R.; Tornow, W.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Macri, R. A.; Agvaanluvsan, U.; Becker, J. A.; Dashdorj, D.; Stoyer, M. A.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vieira, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vieira@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 551 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07636 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400134 ER PT B AU Couture, A Reifarth, R Baker, JD Bredeweg, TA Haight, RC Jandel, M Mertz, AF O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Viera, DJ Wouters, JM AF Couture, A. Reifarth, R. Baker, J. D. Bredeweg, T. A. Haight, R. C. Jandel, M. Mertz, A. F. O'Donnell, J. M. Rundberg, R. S. Ullmann, J. L. Viera, D. J. Wouters, J. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Neutron capture measurements on Tl-isotopes at DANCE SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID 4-PI BAF2 DETECTOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; THALLIUM ISOTOPES; STARS AB The thallium isotopes play an important role in the s-process nucleosynthesis at the s-process endpoint. Furthermore, (204)Tl is one of few branch point isotopes in the endpoint region. The understanding of branch point isotopes provides modeling constraints on the temperatures and neutron densities during which the process takes place. The production of s-only (204)Pb is controlled almost entirely by (240)Tl. Measurements of the capture cross-sections of the stable Tl isotopes have recently been made using the DANCE 4 pi array at LANSCE. This provides needed resonance information in the region as well as preparing the way for measurements of as yet unmeasured capture cross-section of the unstable (24)Tl. C1 [Couture, A.; Reifarth, R.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; Mertz, A. F.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Viera, D. J.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Couture, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM acouture@lanl.gov; r.reifarth@gsi.de NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1051/ndata:07600 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400141 ER PT B AU Bredeweg, TA Agvaanluvsan, U Becker, JA Bond, EM Couture, AJ Ethvignot, T Fitzpatrick, JR Fowler, MM Granier, T Haight, RC Hill, TS Jandel, M Macri, RA O'Donnell, JM Parker, WE Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Slemmons, AK Tovesson, FK Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wilk, PA Wouters, JM Wu, CY AF Bredeweg, T. A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Becker, J. A. Bond, E. M. Couture, A. J. Ethvignot, T. Fitzpatrick, J. R. Fowler, M. M. Granier, T. Haight, R. C. Hill, T. S. Jandel, M. Macri, R. A. O'Donnell, J. M. Parker, W. E. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Slemmons, A. K. Tovesson, F. K. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wilk, P. A. Wouters, J. M. Wu, C. Y. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Recent actinide nuclear data efforts with the DANCE 4 pi BaF2 array SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID DATA LIBRARY; LUJAN-CENTER; NEUTRON AB Much of the recent work in the DANCE collaboration has focused on nuclides of interest to stockpile stewardship, attribution science and the advanced fuel cycle initiative. As an example, we have recently begun a program to produce high precision measurements of the key production and destruction reactions of important nuclear fuel elements and radiochemical diagnostic isotopes. The neutron capture targets that have been fielded under this program include several isotopes of uranium, plutonium and americium. However, neutron capture measurements on many of the actinides are complicated by the presence of gamma-rays arising from low energy neutron-induced fission. To overcome this difficulty we have designed and implemented a dual parallel-plate avalanche counter fission-tagging detector. This design provides a high efficiency for detecting fission fragments and is self-contained to allow loading of pre-assembled target/detector assemblies into the neutron beam line at DANCE. An outline of the recent experimental program will be presented as well as preliminary results from neutron capture measurements on U-234,U-235,U-236. Planned measurements on Pu-211,Pu-239 will also be discussed. C1 [Bredeweg, T. A.; Bond, E. M.; Couture, A. J.; Fitzpatrick, J. R.; Fowler, M. M.; Haight, R. C.; Hill, T. S.; Jandel, M.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Reifarth, R.; Rundberg, R. S.; Slemmons, A. K.; Tovesson, F. K.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Agvaanluvsan, U.; Becker, J. A.; Macri, R. A.; Parker, W. E.; Wilk, P. A.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ethvignot, T.; Granier, T.] CEA DAM, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Bredeweg, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM toddb@lanl.gov OI Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 FU US Department of Energy by the University of California [W-7405-ENG-36 [LANL], W-7405-ENG-48 [LLNL])]; Los Alamos National Security; LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396 [LANL]] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California (under contracts W-7405-ENG-36 [LANL] and W-7405-ENG-48 [LLNL]) and Los Alamos National Security, LLC (under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 [LANL]). This work benefited from use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 607 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07592 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400148 ER PT B AU Larson, NM Leal, LC Sayer, RO Derrien, H Wiarda, D Arbanas, G AF Larson, N. M. Leal, L. C. Sayer, R. O. Derrien, H. Wiarda, D. Arbanas, G. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Current status of the R-Matrix code SAMMY, with emphasis on the relationship to ENDF formats SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB During the last decade, advances in evaluations of neutron-induced cross sections in the resolved resonance region have surpassed the ability of the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF) to make use of those evaluations. At the higher energies used in new evaluations, effects that in the past were deemed to be negligible are now important. There is also a great demand for including uncertainty information in ENDF files. In this paper, we describe recently approved ENDF formats to accommodate new evaluations and their implementation in SAMMY. Other new features of the SAMMY code, available in the 2006 Revision 7 release, are also described. C1 [Larson, N. M.; Leal, L. C.; Sayer, R. O.; Derrien, H.; Wiarda, D.; Arbanas, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, NM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM LarsonNM@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 641 EP 644 DI 10.1051/ndata:07331 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400156 ER PT B AU Il Kim, H Lee, YO Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Rochman, D AF Il Kim, Hyeong Lee, Young-Ouk Herman, Mike Mughabghab, Said F. Oblozinsky, Pavel Rochman, Dimitri BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI New ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluations of neutron cross sections for 32 fission products SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CAPTURE AB Neutron cross sections for fission products play an important role not only in the design of extended burn-up core and fast reactors, but also in the study of the backend fuel cycle and the criticality analysis of spent fuel. New evaluations for the ENDF/B-VII.0 library were performed by the KAERI-BNL collaboration for the following 32 fission products: Mo-95, Ru-101, Rh-103, Pd-105, Ag-109, Xe-131, Cs-133, Pr-141, and complete isotope chains of Nd-142-148,Nd-150, Sm-144,Sm-147,Sm-148-154, and Dy-156,Dy-158,Dy-160-164. The evaluations cover a large amount of reaction channels, from 10(-5) eV to 20 MeV, including thermal, resolved, unresolved resonance regions, and fast neutron region. C1 [Il Kim, Hyeong; Lee, Young-Ouk] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Herman, Mike; Mughabghab, Said F.; Oblozinsky, Pavel; Rochman, Dimitri] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Il Kim, H (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM hikim@kaeri.re.kr NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 645 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07542 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400157 ER PT B AU Dunn, ME Larson, NM Derrien, H Leal, LC AF Dunn, M. E. Larson, N. M. Derrien, H. Leal, L. C. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Perspective on advances in resonance-region nuclear modeling and opportunities for future research SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The advent of high-fidelity radiation-transport modeling capabilities, coupled with the need to analyze complex nuclear systems, has served to emphasize the importance of high-precision cross section data, including the associated covariance information. Due to the complex nature of resonance-region interactions, cross section data cannot be calculated directly from theory; rather, high-precision resonance-region cross section measurements must be made at facilities such as the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). To extract accurate cross section data from these measurements, detailed nuclear modeling of the measured data is performed to parameterize the cross section behavior in the resonance range. The objective of this paper is to highlight recent advances in resonance-region nuclear modeling with particular emphasis on the covariance analysis capabilities. Opportunities for future research are identified in an effort to stimulate further advances in the state of the art nuclear modeling capabilities. C1 [Dunn, M. E.; Larson, N. M.; Derrien, H.; Leal, L. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dunn, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dunnme@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1051/ndata:07670 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400159 ER PT B AU Derrien, H Leal, LC Larson, NM AF Derrien, H. Leal, L. C. Larson, N. M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI (239)Pu neutron resonance parameters revisited and covariance matrix in the neutron energy range from thermal to 2.5 keV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID FISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; U-235; NORMALIZATION AB To obtain the resonance parameters in a single energy range up to 2.5 keV neutron energy and the corresponding covariance matrix, a reevaluation of (239)Pu was performed with the analysis code SAMMY. The most recent experimental data were analyzed in the energy range thermal to 2.5keV. The experimental data were renormalized, aligned on a common energy scale, and corrected for residual background. Average neutron transmission and cross sections calculated with the new resonance parameters were compared to the corresponding experimental data and to ENDF/B-VI. C1 [Derrien, H.; Leal, L. C.; Larson, N. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Derrien, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM LarsonNM@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0090-2 PY 2008 BP 667 EP 670 DI 10.1051/ndata:07374 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN34 UT WOS:000268671400162 ER PT B AU Henriksson, H Schwerer, O Rochman, D Mikhaylyukova, MV Otuka, N AF Henriksson, H. Schwerer, O. Rochman, D. Mikhaylyukova, M. V. Otuka, N. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI The art of collecting experimental data internationally: EXFOR, CINDA and the NRDC network SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The world-wide network of nuclear reaction data centres (NRDC) has, for about 40 years, provided data services to the scientific community. This network covers all types of nuclear reaction data, including neutron-induced, charged-particle-induced, and photonuclear data, used in a wide range of applications, such as fission reactors, accelerator driven systems, fusion facilities, nuclear medicine, materials analysis, environmental monitoring, and basic research. The now 13 nuclear data centres included in the NRDC are dividing the efforts of compilation and distribution for particular types of reactions and/or geographic regions all over the world. A central activity of the network is the collection and compilation of experimental nuclear reaction data and the related bibliographic information in the EXFOR and CINDA databases. Many of the individual data centres also distribute other types of nuclear data information, including evaluated data libraries, nuclear structure and decay data, and nuclear data reports. The network today ensures the world-wide transfer of information and coordinated evolution of an important source of nuclear data for current and future nuclear applications. C1 [Henriksson, H.] OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Data Bank, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. [Schwerer, O.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. [Rochman, D.] Natl Nucl Data Ctr, BNL, Upton, NY USA. [Mikhaylyukova, M. V.] CJD, IPPE, Obninsk, Russia. [Otuka, N.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, JCPRG, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Otuka, N.] JAEA, Nucl Data Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Henriksson, H (reprint author), OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Data Bank, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. EM henriksson@nea.fr NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 737 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07290 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000004 ER PT B AU Koning, AJ Katakura, J Oblozinsky, P Nichols, AL Nordborg, C AF Koning, Arjan J. Katakura, Jun-ichi Oblozinsky, Pavel Nichols, Alan L. Nordborg, Claes BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Status and future work of the NEA Working Party on international nuclear data Evaluation Cooperation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The Working Party on international nuclear data Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC) is a collaborative effort between the major OECD nuclear data projects: ENDF/B (USA), JENDL (Japan) and JEFF (Europe), and the IAEA-supported non-OECD projects CENDL (China) and BROND (Russian Federation). Nuclear data challenges and problems that are common to all projects are considered in various WPEC Subgroups that are normally of limited time span. The achievements of these subgroups during the Course of 2005/06 are reviewed in this paper. Among the recent accomplishments are improved criticality predictions through revised U evaluations, the completion of new cross-section standards, and the creation of a new fission product library. Problems that are currently being addressed are the processing and inclusion of covariance data in the libraries, improvements in decay data to assist in decay beat calculations, assembly of a well-structured High Priority Request List, validation of the new fission product cross-section library, and the assessment of nuclear data needs for GEN-IV. C1 [Koning, Arjan J.] NRG, 3 Westerduinweg,POB 25, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Katakura, Jun-ichi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nuclear Data Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Oblozinsky, Pavel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nuclear Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nichols, Alan L.] IAEA, Nuclear Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Nordborg, Claes] OECD, Nuclear Energy Agcy, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Koning, AJ (reprint author), NRG, 3 Westerduinweg,POB 25, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 741 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07716 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000005 ER PT B AU Oblozinsky, P AF Oblozinsky, P. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI New ENDF/B-VII.0 library SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB We describe the new version of the Evaluated Nuclear Data File, ENDF/B-VII.0, of recommended nuclear data for advanced nuclear science and technology applications. The library, produced by the US Cross Section Evaluation Working Group, was released in December 2006. The library contains data in 14 sublibraries, primarily for reactions with incident neutrons, protons and photons, based oil the experimental data and nuclear reaction theory predictions. The neutron reaction sublibrary contains data for 393 materials. The new library was extensively tested and shows considerable improvements over the earlier ENDF/B-VI.8 library. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oblozinsky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM oblozinsky@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1051/ndata:07538 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000006 ER PT B AU Plompen, AJM Fukahori, T Henriksson, H Ignatyuk, A Iwasaki, T Manturov, G McKnight, RD Rimpault, G Smith, DL AF Plompen, A. J. M. Fukahori, T. Henriksson, H. Ignatyuk, A. Iwasaki, T. Manturov, G. McKnight, R. D. Rimpault, G. Smith, D. L. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI The NEA High Priority Nuclear Data Request List for future needs SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) established the Working Party on Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) to promote exchange of information oil nuclear data activities by its members. One of the WPEC objectives is to assess needs for nuclear data improvements and to stimulate initiatives to fulfill these. The High Priority Request List (HPRL) was established ill pursuit Of this objective. The HPRL project aims at identifying accuracy targets for the improvement of nuclear data, primarily for application in the nuclear industry. The list therefore provides a guide for those planning new measurements, nuclear model calculations and data evaluation programmes. Since 2004, the HPRL has undergone a major overhaul to better guarantee timeliness and adequate (documentation of requests. A new webpage was developed at the NEA to facilitate submission of new requests. and to allow easy inspection. Submitted requests are first reviewed by external referees, before being accepted oil the list. Requests are divided into high priority requests, where a quantitative justification is provided and general requests for which justification is qualitative. The relevance of requests for nuclear energy applications is ensured through periodic the 0 reviews by an expert group of the NEA WPEC, involving Europe (JEFF), Japan (JENDL), the United States (ENDF). Russia (BROND) and China (CENDL). The new procedures for submission. review and adoption of requests were recently validated with a first set of entries. Examples of recent updates to the HPRL project are presented. The requirements for providing new requests are also presented, as well as]low to justify needs for new nuclear data. Data users around the world are encouraged to formulate their concerns about nuclear data and submit them to the HPRL. The HPRL is maintained by the NEA Data Bank and can be Consulted at the following address: http://www.nea.fr/html/dbdata/hprl/. C1 [Plompen, A. J. M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Fukahori, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nuclear Data Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Henriksson, H.] Nuclear Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. [Ignatyuk, A.; Manturov, G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. [Iwasaki, T.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [McKnight, R. D.; Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rimpault, G.] CEA, DEN DER SPRC LEPh, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Henriksson, H (reprint author), Nucl Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. EM Henriksson@nea.fr NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 765 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07419 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000009 ER PT B AU Brown, DA Vogt, R Beck, B Pruet, J AF Brown, D. A. Vogt, R. Beck, B. Pruet, J. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI High energy nuclear database: a testbed for nuclear data information technology SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; BOTTOM PRODUCTION; CHARM AB We describe the development of an on-line high-energy heavy-ion experimental database. When completed, the database will be searchable and cross-indexed with relevant publications. including published detector descriptions. While this effort is relatively new, it will eventually contain all published data from older heavy-ion programs as well as published data front current and future facilities. These data include all measured observables in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Once in general use, this database will have tremendous scientific payoff as it makes systematic studies easier and allows simpler benchmarking of theoretical models for it broad range of experiments. Furthermore, there is a growing need for compilations of high-energy nuclear data for applications including stockpile stewardship, technology development for inertial confinement fusion, target and Source development for upcoming facilities such as the International Linear Collider and homeland security. This database is part of a larger proposal that includes the production of periodic data evaluations and topical reviews. These reviews would provide an alternative and impartial mechanism to resolve discrepancies between published data from rival experiment,,, and between theory and experiment. Since this database will be a community resource. it requires the high-energy nuclear physics community's financial and manpower Support. This project serves as a testbed for the further development of an object-oriented nuclear data format and database system. By using "off-the-shelf"' software tools and techniques, the system is simple, robust, and extensible. Eventually we envision a "Grand Unified Nuclear Format" encapsulating data types used in the ENSDF, ENDF/B, EXFOR. NSR and other formats, including processed data formats. C1 [Brown, D. A.; Vogt, R.; Beck, B.; Pruet, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brown, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM brown170@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1051/ndata:07547 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000012 ER PT B AU Briggs, JB Scott, L Rugama, Y Satori, E AF Briggs, J. Blair Scott, Lori Rugama, Yolanda Satori, Enrico BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Integral benchmark data for nuclear data testing through the ICSBEP and the newly organized IRPhEP SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The status of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was last reported in a nuclear data conference at the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, ND-2004, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Since that time the number and type of integral benchmarks have increased significantly. Included in the ICSBEP Handbook are criticality-alarm/shielding and fundamental physic benchmarks in addition to the traditional critical/subcritical benchmark data. Since ND 2004, a reactor physics counterpart to the ICSBEP, the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was initiated. The IRPhEP is patterned after the ICSBEP, but focuses on other integral measurements, such as buckling, spectral characteristics, reactivity effects, reactivity coefficients, kinetics measurements, reaction-rate and power distributions, nuclide compositions, and other miscellaneous-type measurements in addition to the critical configuration. The status of these two projects is discussed and selected benchmarks highlighted in this paper. C1 [Briggs, J. Blair; Scott, Lori] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 North Fremont, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Rugama, Yolanda; Satori, Enrico] NEA, OECD, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Briggs, JB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 North Fremont, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 795 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07354 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000016 ER PT B AU McKnight, RD Dunn, ME Little, RC Felty, JR Mckamy, JN AF McKnight, R. D. Dunn, M. E. Little, R. C. Felty, J. R. Mckamy, J. N. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nuclear data needs within the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB This paper will present the nuclear data needs currently identified within the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). It will identify the priority data needs; it will describe the process of prioritizing those needs and it will provide brief examples of recent data advances which have successfully addressed some of the priority criticality safety data needs. C1 [McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dunn, M. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Little, R. C.] Los Alamo Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Felty, J. R.] SAIC, Washington, DC USA. [Mckamy, J. N.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP McKnight, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rdmcknight@anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 803 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07539 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000018 ER PT B AU Kahler, AC MacFarlane, RE AF Kahler, A. C. MacFarlane, R. E. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI ENDF/B-VII data testing with ICSBEP benchmarks SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Continuous energy Monte Carlo eigenvalue calculations have been performed for several hundred critical benchmarks described in the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. These calculations were performed with MCNP5 using either ENDF/B-VI.8 or ENDF/B-VII.0 cross sections. ENDF/B-VII cross section data files yield significantly more accurate calculated eigenvalues than those obtained with ENDF/B-VI.8 cross sections for moderated, low-enriched uranium fuel rod lattice configurations and for uninoderated, bare or reflected, critical benchmark assemblies. Accurate calculated eigenvalues were previously obtained with ENDF/B-VI.8 cross sections for both highly-enriched and low-enriched uranium Solution assemblies. These accurate eigenvalues are retained with ENDF/B-VII.0 cross sections. C1 [Kahler, A. C.; MacFarlane, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kahler, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1051/ndata:07285 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000020 ER PT B AU Wilkerson, C Mac Innes, M Barr, D Trellue, H MacFarlane, R Chadwick, M AF Wilkerson, C. Mac Innes, M. Barr, D. Trellue, H. MacFarlane, R. Chadwick, M. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A comparison of reaction rate calculations using ENDF/B-VII with critical assembly measurements SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB We present critical assembly reaction rate data, and modeling of the same rising the recently released ENDF/B-VII library. While some of the experimental measurements were performed as long as 50 years ago, tire results have not been widely used/available outside of Los Alamos. Over the years, a variety of target foils were fabricated and placed in differing neutron spectrum/fluence environments within critical assemblies. Neutron-induced reactions such as (n,gamma), (n,2n), and (n,f) on these targets were measured, typically referenced to (235)U(n,f) or (239)Pu(n,f). Because the cross section for the latter reactions are now well known, these experiments provide a rich data set for testing evaluated cross sections. Due to the large variety of critical assemblies that were historically available at Los Alamos, it was possible to make measurements in spectral environments ranging from hard (Pu Jezebel. center of Pu Flattop) through intermediate (Big Ten) to degraded (reflector region of Flattop). This broad range of configurations allows us to test both the cross section magnitudes and their energy dependencies, We will present data, along with reaction rate predictions using primarily MCNP5 in conjunction with ENDF/B-VII, for a number of target nuclei, including iridium, isotopes of uranium (e.g., 233, 235, 237, 238), neptunium (237), plutonium (239). and americium (241). C1 [Wilkerson, C.; Mac Innes, M.; Barr, D.; Trellue, H.; MacFarlane, R.; Chadwick, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wilkerson, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM cww@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1051/ndata:07332 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000027 ER PT B AU Salvatores, M Aliberti, G Palmiotti, G Rochman, D Oblozinsky, P Hermann, M Talou, P Kawano, T Leal, L Koning, A Kodeli, I AF Salvatores, M. Aliberti, G. Palmiotti, G. Rochman, D. Oblozinsky, P. Hermann, M. Talou, P. Kawano, T. Leal, L. Koning, A. Kodeli, I. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nuclear data needs for advanced reactor systems: a NEA Nuclear Science Committee initiative SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy C1 [Salvatores, M.; Aliberti, G.; Palmiotti, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Salvatores, M.] CEA Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Rochman, D.; Oblozinsky, P.; Hermann, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Talou, P.; Kawano, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87543 USA. [Leal, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Koning, A.] NRG Petten, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Kodeli, I.] NEA Databank, Le Seine St Germain, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Salvatores, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 879 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07298 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000036 ER PT B AU Salvatores, A Aliberti, G Palmiotti, G AF Salvatores, A. Aliberti, G. Palmiotti, G. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI The role of differential and integral experiments to meet requirements for improved nuclear data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy C1 [Salvatores, A.; Aliberti, G.; Palmiotti, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salvatores, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 883 EP 886 DI 10.1051/ndata:07297 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000037 ER PT B AU Smith, DL AF Smith, D. L. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A survey of the status of nuclear cross section data for criticality safety SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB Assurance of nuclear criticality safety is necessary to cultivate public acceptance of nuclear technology and nuclear power. Accurate nuclear data are needed in order to support the analytical Studies required to achieve this goal. In the United States, the Nuclear Data Advisory Group (NDAG) is a multi-laboratory collaboration that has been organized by the US Department of Energy to accomplish this task. NDAG maintains an updated list of materials that are considered important for investigations of nuclear criticality safety. An independent survey of the current status of existing nuclear reaction data pertaining to these listed materials has been made with a particular emphasis on neutron cross sections. The results from this investigation are reported in this contribution. C1 [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, NE Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), 1710 Ave Mundo 1506, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. EM Donald.L.Smith@anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1051/ndata:07343 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000039 ER PT B AU Noda, S Watanabe, T Shigyo, N Ishibashi, K Satoh, D Sato, T Nakamura, T Haight, RC AF Noda, S. Watanabe, T. Shigyo, N. Ishibashi, K. Satoh, D. Sato, T. Nakamura, T. Haight, R. C. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Measurement of continuous-energy neutron-incident neutron-production double-differential cross sections for Al up to several hundred MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID SCINTILLATORS AB Neutron-production double-differential cross sections for aluminum were measured using continuous-energy neutron from spallation target at the WNR facility in LANSCE. Incident neutron beam was produced by 800 MeV linac. NE213 liquid organic scintillators were utilized to detect the emitted neutron front the sample. A fission ionization chamber was set to monitor incident neutron flux. Incident neutron energy wits determined by the time-of-flight method between spallation source to neutron detectors. Emitted neutron energy wits obtained by the energy deposited in the neutron detector. C1 [Noda, S.; Watanabe, T.; Shigyo, N.; Ishibashi, K.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Satoh, D.; Sato, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki, Japan. [Nakamura, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Haight, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Noda, S (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. EM shusaku@kune2a.nucl.kyushu-u.ac.jp FU US Department of Energy FX This work has benefited from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This facility is funded by the US Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1043 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07608 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000076 ER PT B AU Haight, RC AF Haight, R. C. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Hydrogen and helium production in structural materials by neutrons SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID CHARGED-PARTICLE EMISSION; IRON; COPPER; NICKEL AB Hydrogen and helium are produced when energetic neutrons interact with materials, and these gases can lead to significant changes in materials properties such as embrittlement and swelling. Such effects have been seen in fission reactors and a significant effort has been made for the development of fusion reactors where the effects are expected to be larger because of the higher neutron energy. For the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative, new structural materials are proposed, and the amount of gas production must be known to assess the properties of these materials under radiation damage. We are measuring the production cross sections for these gases by neutrons in the energy range from threshold to 100 MeV at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center/Weapons Neutron Research (LANSCE/WNR) spallation source of fast neutrons. We measure the light charged particles (protons, deuterons, tritons, (3)He and alpha particles) emitted as a function of incident energy and angle and then integrate the angular distributions to obtain production cross sections. Results for the higher neutron energies are relevant to accelerated radiation damage facilities based on spallation neutron sources. The data measured for tantalum show it monotonic increase in the production cross sections of hydrogen and helium with neutron energy, whereas for iron and chromium, the cross sections flatten out above 50 MeV. Nuclear data evaluations often do not account well for the excitation functions. C1 Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM haight@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1081 EP 1084 DI 10.1051/ndata:07518 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000085 ER PT B AU Smirnov, AN Batenkov, OI Eismont, VP Filatov, NP Blomgren, J Conde, H Prokofiev, AV Mashnik, SG AF Smirnov, A. N. Batenkov, O. I. Eismont, V. P. Filatov, N. P. Blomgren, J. Conde, H. Prokofiev, A. V. Mashnik, S. G. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nucleon-induced fission cross sections of tantalum and separated tungsten isotopes and "compound nucleus" effect in intermediate energy region SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID PROTON-INDUCED FISSION; ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN SYSTEMS; W-NAT; TH-232; AM-243; NP-237; U-235 AB Neutron- and proton-induced fission cross sections of separated isotopes Of tungsten (W-182, W-183, W-184, and W-186) and Ta-181 relative to Bi-209 have been measured in the incident nucleon energy region 50-200 MeV using fission chambers based on thin-film breakdown counters (TFBC) using quasi-monoenergetic neutrons from the Li-7(p,n) reaction and at the proton beams of The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL), Uppsala University (Uppsala, Sweden). The results are compared with predictions by the CEM03.01 event generator, as well as with the recent data for nuclei in the lead-bismuth region. The effect of "compound nucleus" in the intermediate energy region is discussed, displaying in exponential dependence of nucleon-induced fission cross sections on the parameter Z(2)/A of the composite system (projectile+target nucleus), and in other characteristics of the fission process for which parameter Z(2)/A plays it role similar to the one of the usual liquid-drop parameter Z(2)/A of compound nuclei. C1 [Smirnov, A. N.; Batenkov, O. I.; Eismont, V. P.; Filatov, N. P.] VG Khlopin Radium Inst, 2 Nd Murinskiy Prospect 28, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Blomgren, J.; Conde, H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Prokofiev, A. V.] Uppsala Univ, Svedberg Lab, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Mashnik, S. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smirnov, AN (reprint author), VG Khlopin Radium Inst, 2 Nd Murinskiy Prospect 28, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM smirnov@atom.nw.ru NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1095 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07749 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000089 ER PT B AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Titarenko, AY Butko, MA Pavlov, KV Tikhonov, RS Florya, SN Mashnik, SG Ignatyuk, AV Gudowski, W AF Titarenko, Yu. E. Batyaev, V. F. Titarenko, A. Yu. Butko, M. A. Pavlov, K. V. Tikhonov, R. S. Florya, S. N. Mashnik, S. G. Ignatyuk, A. V. Gudowski, W. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Residual nuclide formation in Pb-206,Pb-207,Pb-208,Pb-nat and Bi-209 induced by 0.04-2.6 GeV protons as well as in Fe-56 induced by 0.3-2.6 GeV protons SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID KINETIC ENERGIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIONUCLIDES; SIMULATION; YIELDS AB This work is aimed at experimental determination of independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual product nuclei in the intermediate energy proton-irradiated thin targets made of highly isotopic enriched and natural lead (Pb-206,Pb-207,Pb-208,Pb-nat), bismuth (Bi-209), and highly isotopic enriched iron (Fe-56). 5972 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals nuclei have been measured in 55 thin Pb and Bi targets irradiated by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.6 GeV protons. Besides, 219 yields have been measured in 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.6 GeV proton-irradiated Fe target. In both cases, the protons were extracted from the ITEP U-10 synchrotron. The measured data are compared with experimental results obtained elsewhere and with theoretical calculations by seven codes. The predictive power was found to be different for each of the codes tested, but was satisfactory on the whole in the case of spallation products. At the same time, none of the codes can describe well the product yields throughout the whole product mass range, and all codes must be further improved. C1 [Titarenko, Yu. E.; Batyaev, V. F.; Titarenko, A. Yu.; Butko, M. A.; Pavlov, K. V.; Tikhonov, R. S.; Florya, S. N.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Mashnik, S. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ignatyuk, A. V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. [Gudowski, W.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. EM vfb@itep.ru NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1099 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07763 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000090 ER PT B AU Cho, YS Herman, M Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P Rochman, D Lee, YO AF Cho, Young-Sik Herman, M. Mughabghab, S. F. Oblozinsky, P. Rochman, D. Lee, Y. O. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Extension of the EMPIRE code to the resonance region SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID NUCLEAR-DATA LIBRARY AB The preliminary version of a new module has been developed to be added to the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE to allow for an evaluation of neutron cross sections in a resonance region. It automates most of the evaluation procedures and can be executed within EMPIRE or as a stand-alone program. The module includes a graphic user interface (GUI) and a number of codes and scripts that read individual, as well as average. resonance parameters from the Atlas of Neutron Resonances and other physical constants from RIPL-2, perform an analysis of the available resonances, carry out statistical distributions, and compute cross sections in resolved and unresolved resonance regions which are then compared with experimental data. The module also provides an ENDF-formatted file for a resonance region and various Plots allowing for a verification of the procedure. The formatted file call be integrated later into the final ENDF-6 file as generated by the EMPIRE code. However, as a preliminary version. extensive testing and further improvements are needed before this new capability can be incorporated into the production version of EMPIRE. C1 [Cho, Young-Sik; Lee, Y. O.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Herman, M.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Oblozinsky, P.; Rochman, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY USA. RP Cho, YS (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Evaluat Lab, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM yscho@kaeri.re.kr NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1159 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07590 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000105 ER PT B AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Titarenko, AY Butko, MA Pavlov, KV Tikhonov, RS Florya, SN Mashnik, SG Gudowski, W AF Titarenko, Yu. E. Batyaev, V. F. Titarenko, A. Yu. Butko, M. A. Pavlov, K. V. Tikhonov, R. S. Florya, S. N. Mashnik, S. G. Gudowski, W. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI High-energy threshold reaction rates on 0.8 GeV proton-irradiated thick Pb-target SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB This works presents results of activation-aided determination of threshold reaction rates in 92 Bi-209, Pb-nat, Au-197, Ta-181, Tm-169, In-nat, Nb-93, Zn-64, Cu-65, Cu-63, Co-59, F-19, and C-12 samples and in 121 Al-27 samples. All the samples are aligned with the proton beam axis inside and outside the demountable 92-cm thick Pb target of 15-cm diameter assembled of 23 4-cm thick discs. The samples are placed on 12 target disks to reproduce the long axis distribution of protons and neutrons. In June 2006, the target was exposed for 18 hours to a 800-MeV proton beam extracted from the ITEP U-10 accelerator. The proton fluence and the proton beam shape were determined using the 27Al (p,X)7 Be monitor reaction. The total number of protons onto the target was (6.0 +/- 0.5). 10(15). The reaction rates were determined by the direct gamma-spectrometry techniques. The GC-2518 detectors of 1.8 keV resolution and the DGDK-60V detectors of 2.9 keV resolution at the 1332 keV gamma-line were used to take the measurements. In total, 1196 gamma-spectra have been measured, and about 1500 reaction rates determined. The measured reaction rates were simulated by the MCNPX code using the following databases: ENDF/B6 for neutrons below 20 MeV, MENDL2 for 20-100 MeV neutrons, and MENDL2P for proton cross sections up to 200 MeV. An acceptable agreement of simulations with experimental data has been found. C1 [Titarenko, Yu. E.; Batyaev, V. F.; Titarenko, A. Yu.; Butko, M. A.; Pavlov, K. V.; Tikhonov, R. S.; Florya, S. N.] ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Mashnik, S. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gudowski, W.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. EM Yury.Titarenko@itep.ru FU Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia; US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The work has been also supported by the Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia and, in part, by the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1209 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07516 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000117 ER PT B AU Carlson, A Badikov, S Chen, ZP Gai, E Hale, G Hambsch, FJ Hofmann, H Kawano, T Larson, N Oh, SY Pronyaev, V Smith, D Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, Allan Badikov, Sergey Chen Zhenpeng Gai, Evgenij Hale, Gerald Hambsch, Franz-Josef Hofmann, Hartmut Kawano, Toshihiko Larson, Nancy Oh, Soo-Youl Pronyaev, Vladimir Smith, Donald Tagesen, Siegfried Vonach, Herbert BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI An international neutron cross section standards evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB A new evaluation of the neutron cross section standards was recently completed. The results of this work became the standards for the new ENDF/B-VII library. This evaluation was performed to include new experiments on the standards that have been made since the ENDF/B-VI standards evaluation was completed and to improve the evaluation process. The evaluations include the H(n,n), Li-6(n,t), B-10(n,alpha), B-10(n,alpha(1)gamma), Au-197(n,gamma), U-235(n,f), and U-238(n,f) standard reactions. Evaluations were not done for the He-3(n,p) and C(n,n) standards which were carried over from ENDF/B-VI. The need for standards above 20 MeV led to the extension of the U-235(n,f) and U-238(n,f) cross sections to 200 MeV. In addition evaluations were produced for the non-standard U-238(n,gamma) and Pu-239(n,f) reactions. Results of this work and comparisons with previous evaluations are presented. C1 [Carlson, Allan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, Vladimir] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Smith, Donald] Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. [Larson, Nancy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen Zhenpeng] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hale, Gerald; Kawano, Toshihiko] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hambsch, Franz-Josef] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Materials & Measurement, Neutron Phy Unit, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Oh, Soo-Youl] Korea Atomic Energy Res Inst, HANARO Ctr, Yuseong 305600, Daejeon, South Korea. [Badikov, Sergey] Cent Res Inst Management Econom & Informat, Moscow 127434, Russia. [Hofmann, Hartmut] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys III, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Tagesen, Siegfried; Vonach, Herbert] Univ Vienna, Inst Isotoperes & Nuclearphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Carlson, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1233 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07139 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000123 ER PT B AU Devlin, M Taddeucci, TN Hale, GM Haight, RC AF Devlin, M. Taddeucci, T. N. Hale, G. M. Haight, R. C. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Li-6(n,t)alpha angular distribution measurements for 0.2 < E-n < 10 MeV at LANSCE/WNR SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS AB Measured angular distributions of tritons following the Li-6(n,t)alpha reaction are reported for incident neutron energies between 0.19 to > 10 MeV. The neutrons were produced by spallation at the WNR facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter (LANSCE), with the incident neutron energy determined by the time-of-flight method. The data were taken with four E-Delta E telescopes at eight laboratory angles. These data have been incorporated into an R-matrix analysis of the Li-6(n,t)alpha reaction. The current measurements are compared to previous data, and the implications of these data to the current R-matrix analysis are discussed. C1 [Devlin, M.; Taddeucci, T. N.; Haight, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hale, G. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Devlin, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM devlin@lanl.gov RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX This work is being supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC52-06NA25396. The assistance of Ron Snow in making the targets and John O'Donnell in data acquisition are g ratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1243 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07563 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000125 ER PT B AU Boukharouba, N Massey, TN Haight, RC Grimes, SM Carter, DE Carlson, AD Brient, CE Bateman, FB AF Boukharouba, Nourredine Massey, Thomas N. Haight, Robert C. Grimes, Steven M. Carter, Donald E. Carlson, Allan D. Brient, Charles E. Bateman, Fred B. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A new measurement of the H(n,n)H elastic scattering angular distribution at 14.9 MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The relative angular distribution of the scattering of neutrons by protons was measured at E-n = 14.9 MeV neutron energy for center-of-mass scattering angles ranging from 60 degrees to 180 degrees. Absolute angular distribution values were obtained by normalizing the measured line shape to the accurately known n-p total cross section. Initial assessment indicates a somewhat better agreement of the data with the predictions of Arndt and Nijmegen than with the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation. C1 [Boukharouba, Nourredine] Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. [Massey, Thomas N.; Grimes, Steven M.; Brient, Charles E.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Haight, Robert C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Carter, Donald E.] Ohio Univ, Inst Nuclear & Practicle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Carlson, Allan D.; Bateman, Fred B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boukharouba, N (reprint author), Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. EM nboukhar@yahoo.fr NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1247 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07625 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000126 ER PT B AU Smith, MS Lingerfelt, EJ Nesaraja, CD Hix, WR Roberts, LF Koura, H Fuller, GM Tytler, D AF Smith, Michael S. Lingerfelt, Eric J. Nesaraja, Caroline D. Hix, W. Raphael Roberts, Luke F. Koura, Hiroyuki Fuller, George M. Tytler, David BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI Nuclear data for astrophysics: resources, challenges, strategies, and software solutions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID X-RAY-BURSTS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ACCRETION; LINE AB One of the most exciting utilizations of nuclear data is to help unlock the mysteries of the Cosmos - the creation of the chemical elements, the evolution and explosion of stars, and the origin and fate of the Universe. There are now many nuclear data sets, tools, and other resources online to help address these important questions. However, numerous serious challenges make it important to develop strategies now to ensure a sustainable future for this work. A number of strategies are advocated, including: enlisting additional manpower to evaluate the newest data; devising ways to streamline evaluation activities; and improving communication and coordination between existing efforts. Software projects are central to some of these strategies. Examples include: creating a virtual "pipeline" leading from the nuclear laboratory to astrophysics simulations; improving data visualization and management to get the most science out of the existing datasets; and creating a nuclear astrophysics data virtual (online) community. Recent examples will be detailed, including the development of two first-generation software pipelines, the Computational Infrastructure for Nuclear Astrophysics for stellar astrophysics and the bigbangonline suite of codes for cosmology, and the coupling of nuclear data to sensitivity studies with astrophysical simulation codes to guide future research. C1 [Smith, Michael S.; Lingerfelt, Eric J.; Nesaraja, Caroline D.; Hix, W. Raphael; Roberts, Luke F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Smith, Michael S.; Lingerfelt, Eric J.; Nesaraja, Caroline D.; Hix, W. Raphael; Roberts, Luke F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Koura, Hiroyuki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Fuller, George M.; Tytler, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithms@ornl.gov RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Koura, Hiroyuki/0000-0003-1057-4000 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1319 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07770 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000144 ER PT B AU Capote, R Betak, E Carlson, BV Choi, HD Ignatyuk, A Menapace, E Nortier, FM Qaim, SM Scholten, B Shubin, YN Sublet, JC Tarkanyi, FT AF Capote, R. Betak, E. Carlson, B. V. Choi, H. D. Ignatyuk, A. Menapace, E. Nortier, F. M. Qaim, S. M. Scholten, B. Shubin, Y. N. Sublet, J. C. Tarkanyi, F. T. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI IAEA coordinated research programme: nuclear data for the production of therapeutic radionuclides SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; I-124 AB The need for radioisotopes in cancer therapy is very well established. With a view to providing standardised data for the production of relevant radioisotopes an IAEA Coordinated Research Project on "Nuclear Data for the Production of Therapeutic Radionuclides" was started in 2003, and is now close to completion. Experimental data compilations, theoretical calculations and evaluations were carried out for each of the reactions. The recommendations for both established and emerging radionuclides are discussed. Examples of the analyses carried out to produce the recommended data for some radionuclides are also presented. The improved quality of the nuclear data will make reactor and accelerator production of therapeutic radionuclides much more efficient and effective, and should also enhance their quality through improved purity. C1 [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Betak, E.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia. [Carlson, B. V.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, Sao Jose Dos Campos 12228900, SP, Brazil. [Choi, H. D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Ignatyuk, A.; Shubin, Y. N.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. [Menapace, E.] ENEA, Div Appl Sci, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. [Nortier, F. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan & Isotopes Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qaim, S. M.; Scholten, B.] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Nuklearchem, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Sublet, J. C.] CEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Tarkanyi, F. T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Dept Cyclotron, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Capote, R (reprint author), IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM r.capotenoy@iaea.org RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Carlson, Brett/I-2168-2013 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Carlson, Brett/0000-0003-4756-2230 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1367 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07668 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000155 ER PT B AU Kirk, BL AF Kirk, Bernadette L. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A review of RSICC software for medical and health physics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been in the business of software maintenance, testing, and evaluation in the field of radiation transport and has promoted software development in the area of radiation transport for the last forty years. As a result, radiation transport software tools have been very useful in dose estimation and medical applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Safety Informat Computat Ctr, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kirk, BL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Safety Informat Computat Ctr, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kirkbl@ornl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1407 EP 1410 DI 10.1051/ndata:07702 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000165 ER PT J AU Ong, ET Larson, JW Norris, B Jacob, RL Tobis, M Steder, M AF Ong, E. T. Larson, J. Walter Norris, B. Jacob, R. L. Tobis, M. Steder, M. TI A multilingual programming model for coupled systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION; FRAMEWORK; SCHEMES; TOOLKIT; GRIDS AB Multiphysics and multiscale simulation systems share a common software requirement infrastructure to implement data exchanges between their constituent parts-often called the coupling problem. On distributed-memory parallel platforms, the coupling problem is complicated by the need to describe, transfer, and transform distributed data, known as the parallel coupling problem. Parallel coupling is emerging as a new grand challenge in computational science as scientists attempt to build multiscale and multiphysics systems on parallel platforms. An additional coupling problem in these systems is language interoperability between their constituent codes. We have created a multilingual parallel coupling programming model based on a successful open-source parallel coupling library, the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). This programming model's capabilities reach beyond MCT's native Fortran implementation to include bindings for the C++ and Python programming languages. We describe the method used to generate the interlanguage bindings. This approach enables an object-based programming model for implementing parallel couplings in non-Fortran coupled systems and in systems with language heterogeneity. We describe the C++ and Python versions of the MCT programming model and provide short examples. We report preliminary performance results for the MCT interpolation benchmark. We describe a major Python application that uses the MCT Python bindings, a Python implementation of the control and coupling infrastructure for the community climate system model. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of this work to productivity computing in multidisciplinary computational science. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Comp Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ong, E. T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Tobis, M.; Steder, M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geog Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Larson, JW (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, ANU Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM larson@mcs.anl.gov RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v6.i1.40 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 286TL UT WOS:000254868800005 ER PT J AU Mishra, SK Muralidharan, K Deymier, PA Frantziskonis, G Pannala, S Simunovic, S AF Mishra, Sudib K. Muralidharan, Krishna Deymier, Pierre A. Frantziskonis, George Pannala, Sreekanth Simunovic, Srdjan TI Wavelet-Based Spatial Scaling of Coupled Reaction-Diffusion Fields SO International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering LA English DT Article DE multiscaling; spatial scaling; wavelets; reaction-diffusion ID MULTISCALE; SIMULATION; CONTINUUM; DYNAMICS; COARSE; MEDIA AB Multiscale schemes for transferring information from fine to coarse scales are typically based on homogenization techniques. Such schemes smooth the fine scale features of the underlying fields, often resulting in the inability to accurately retain the fine scale correlations. In addition, higher-order statistical moments (beyond mean) of the relevant field variables are not necessarily preserved. As a superior alternative to averaging homogenization methods, a wavelet-based scheme for the exchange of information between a reactive and diffusive field in the context of multiscale reaction-diffusion problems is proposed and analyzed. The scheme is shown to be efficient in passing information along scales,from fine to coarse, i.e., upscaling as well as from coarse to fine, i.e., downscaling. It incorporates fine scale statistics (higher-order moments beyond mean), mainly due to the capability of wavelets to represent fields hierarchically. Critical to the success of the scheme is the identification of dominant scales containing the majority of the useful information. The dominant scales in effect specify the coarsest resolution possible. The scheme is applied in detail to the analysis of a diffusive system with a chemically reacting boundary. Reactions are simulated using kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) and diffusion is solved by finite differences (FDs). Spatial scale differences are present at the interface of the kMC sites and the diffusion grid. The computational efficiency of the scheme is compared to results obtained by averaging homogenization, and to results from a benchmark scheme that ensures spatial scale parity between kMC and FD. C1 [Mishra, Sudib K.; Frantziskonis, George] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Muralidharan, Krishna; Deymier, Pierre A.; Frantziskonis, George] Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pannala, Sreekanth; Simunovic, Srdjan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Frantziskonis, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM frantzis@email.arizona.edu RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, with Dr. Sandy Landsberg as the program manager. The work was partly performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. De-AC05-00OR22725. Discussions with M. Syamlal, T. J. O'Brien, and D. Alfonso of the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Stuart Daw of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Rodney Fox and Z. Gao of Iowa State University have been very useful. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 281 EP 297 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 395WH UT WOS:000262553700001 ER PT J AU Abu Bakar, N Crespo, MDP Deed, S Hanssen, E Williams, G Voght, S Tilley, L AF Abu Bakar, Nurhidanatasha Crespo, Maria Del Pilar Deed, Samantha Hanssen, Eric Williams, Garth Voght, Stefan Tilley, Leann TI Chelation of zinc inhibits growth of P-falciparum but antagonises the activity of artemisinin. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Abu Bakar, Nurhidanatasha; Crespo, Maria Del Pilar; Deed, Samantha; Hanssen, Eric; Tilley, Leann] La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Garth] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Deed, Samantha; Hanssen, Eric; Williams, Garth; Tilley, Leann] ARC Ctr Excellence Coherent X Ray Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Voght, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 MA P217 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600277 ER PT J AU Fox, KM Hellmann, JR AF Fox, Kevin M. Hellmann, John R. TI Microstructure and creep behavior of silicon nitride and SiAlONs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; STRESS RUPTURE BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-BOUNDARY FILMS; ALPHA-SIALON; COMPRESSIVE CREEP; IMPRESSION CREEP; TENSILE CREEP; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NITROGEN CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Microstructural evolution of silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) and SiAlON materials and its influence on creep resistance is reviewed. Grain size, grain morphology, and the ratio of alpha- to beta-phase grains play a part in resistance to creep. The glassy, intergranular phase typically has the strongest influence on creep. Creep data are usually obtained using uniaxial tensile or compressive tests, where creep in tension is controlled by cavitation and grain boundary sliding controls creep in compression. The impression creep methodology is also reviewed. An additional creep mechanism, dilation of the SiAlON grain structure, was found to be active in impression creep. C1 [Fox, Kevin M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Hellmann, John R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fox, KM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM wkevin.fox@srnl.doe.gov NR 106 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 138 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02192.x PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 280GX UT WOS:000254415000004 ER PT J AU Sun, JG Zhang, JM Andrews, MJ Trethewey, JS Phillips, NSL Jensen, JA AF Sun, Jiangang G. Zhang, Jianmei M. Andrews, Mark J. Trethewey, Jeremy S. Phillips, Nate S. L. Jensen, Jeff A. TI Evaluation of silicon-nitride ceramic valves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENGINE APPLICATIONS; STRENGTH; FATIGUE AB Silicon-nitride ceramic valves can improve the performance of both light- and heavy-duty automotive engines because of the superior material properties of silicon nitrides over current metal alloys. However, ceramics are brittle materials that may introduce uncertainties in the reliability and durability of ceramic valves. As a result, the lifetime of ceramic valves are difficult to predict theoretically due to wide variations in the type and distribution of microstructural flaws in the material. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are therefore required to assess the quality and reliability of these valves. Because ceramic materials are optically translucent and the strength-limiting flaws are normally located near the valve surface, a laser-scatter method can be used for NDE evaluation of ceramic valves. This paper reviews the progress in the development of this NDE method and its application to inspect silicon-nitride ceramic valves at various stages of manufacturing and bench and engine tests. C1 [Sun, Jiangang G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Jianmei M.] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Andrews, Mark J.; Trethewey, Jeremy S.; Phillips, Nate S. L.; Jensen, Jeff A.] Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sun@anl.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 164 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02185.x PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 280GX UT WOS:000254415000006 ER PT J AU Hemrick, JG Headrick, WL Peters, KM AF Hemrick, James G. Headrick, William L. Peters, Klaus-Markus TI Development and application of refractory materials for molten aluminum applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB Two new refractory materials have been developed for use in molten aluminum contact applications that exhibit improved corrosion and wear resistance leading to improved thermal management through reduced heat losses caused by refractory thinning and wastage. The development of these materials was based on an understanding of the corrosion and wear mechanisms associated with currently used aluminum contact refractories through physical, chemical, and mechanical characterization and analysis performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the University of Missouri, Rolla Rolla (UMR), along with their industrial partners, under the ITP Materials project "Multifunctional Metallic and Refractory Materials for Energy Efficient Handling of Molten Metals." Spent castable refractories obtained from a natural gas-fired reverberatory aluminum alloy melting furnace were analyzed, leading to identification of several refractory degradation mechanisms and strategies to produce improved materials. The newly developed materials have been validated through an R&D industrial trial. C1 [Hemrick, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Headrick, William L.] Missouri Refractories Co Inc, Pevely, MO 63070 USA. [Peters, Klaus-Markus] Fireline TCON Inc, Youngstown, OH 44505 USA. [Headrick, William L.] Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hemrickjg@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02213.x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 306GW UT WOS:000256237300007 ER PT J AU Fox, KM Edwards, TB Peeler, DK AF Fox, Kevin M. Edwards, Thomas B. Peeler, David K. TI Control of Nepheline Crystallization in Nuclear Waste Glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Glass frits with high B(2)O(3) concentrations, when combined with high-alumina concentration nuclear waste, will form glasses with durabilities that are acceptable for disposal (normalized boron release of < 1.7 g/L) and predictable using a free energy of hydration model. Glasses with nepheline discriminator values closest to 0.62 showed significant differences in durability between the quenched and heat-treated versions. Nepheline crystallized in the glass with the lowest nepheline discriminator value. The high-B(2)O(3) frit was successful in producing glasses without crystallization at waste loadings of up to 45 wt%. The melt rate of this frit was also considerably improved (13.1 g/min). C1 [Fox, Kevin M.; Edwards, Thomas B.; Peeler, David K.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Fox, KM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM kevin.fox@srnl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02250.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 367HX UT WOS:000260544200016 ER PT J AU Peterson, LE Coleman, MA AF Peterson, Leif E. Coleman, Matthew A. TI Machine learning-based receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for crisp and fuzzy classification of DNA microarrays in cancer research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING LA English DT Article DE receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve; area under the curve (AUC); soft computing; fuzzy classification; gene expression; DNA microarrays ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; SAMPLE-SIZE; PARTICLE SWARM; BREAST-CANCER; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; TUMOR; POWER AB Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to obtain classification area under the curve (AUC) as a function of feature standardization, fuzzification, and sample size from nine large sets of cancer-related DNA microarrays. Classifiers used included k-nearest neighbor (kNN), naive Bayes classifier (NBC), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), learning vector quantization (LVQ1), logistic regression (LOG), polytomous logistic regression (PLOG), artificial neural networks (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), constricted particle swarm optimization (CPSO), kernel regression (RBF), radial basis function networks (RBFN), gradient descent support vector machines (SVMGD), and least squares support vector machines (SVMLS). For each data set, AUC was determined for a number of combinations of sample size, total sum[-log(p)] of feature t-tests, with and without feature standardization and with (fuzzy) and without (crisp) fuzzification of features. Altogether, a total of 2,123,530 classification runs were made. At the greatest level of sample size, ANN resulted in a fitted AUC of 90%, while PSO resulted in the lowest fitted AUC of 72.1%. AUC values derived from 4NN were the most dependent on sample size, while PSO was the least. ANN depended the most on total statistical significance of features used based on sum[-log(p)], whereas PSO was the least dependent. Standardization of features increased AUC by 8.1% for PSO and -0.2% for QDA, while fuzzification increased AUC by 9.4% for PSO and reduced AUC by 3.8% for QDA. AUC determination in planned microarray experiments without standardization and fuzzification of features will benefit the most if CPSO is used for lower levels of feature significance (i.e., sum[-log(p)] similar to 50) and ANN is used for greater levels of significance (i.e., sum[-log(p)] similar to 500). When only standardization of features is performed, studies are likely to benefit most by using CPSO for low levels of feature statistical significance and LVQ1 for greater levels of significance. Studies involving only fuzzification of features should employ LVQ1 because of the substantial gain in AUC observed and low expense of LVQ1. Lastly, PSO resulted in significantly greater levels of AUC (89.51% average) when feature standardization and fuzzification were performed. In consideration of the data sets used and factors influencing AUC which were investigated, if low-expense computation is desired then LVQ1 is recommended. However, if computational expense is of less concern, then PSO or CPSO is recommended. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Leif E.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Coleman, Matthew A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, LE (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM peterson.leif@ieee.org; coleman16@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018; Peterson, Leif/0000-0002-1187-0883 FU NCI NIH HHS [K22 CA100289-03, K22 CA100289] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0888-613X EI 1873-4731 J9 INT J APPROX REASON JI Int. J. Approx. Reasoning PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 17 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ijar.2007.03.006 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 245IF UT WOS:000251927600003 PM 19079753 ER PT J AU Mishra, SK Muralidharan, K Pannala, S Simunovic, S Daw, CS Nukala, P Fox, R Deymier, PA Frantziskonis, GN AF Mishra, Sudib K. Muralidharan, Krishna Pannala, S. Simunovic, Srdjan Daw, C. Stuart Nukala, Phani Fox, Rodney Deymier, Pierre A. Frantziskonis, George N. TI Spatiotemporal compound wavelet matrix framework for multiscale/multiphysics reactor simulation: Case study of a heterogeneous reaction/diffusion system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiscale; multiphysics; wavelets; reaction; diffusion ID RANDOM ARRAYS; SPHERES; FLOWS AB We present a mathematical method for efficiently compounding information from different models of species diffusion from a chemically reactive boundary. The proposed method is intended to serve as a key component of a multiscale/multiphysics framework for heterogeneous chemically reacting processes. An essential feature of the method is the merging of wavelet representations of the different models and their corresponding time and length scales. Up-and-down-scaling of the information between the scales is accomplished by application of a compounding wavelet operator, which is assembled by establishing limited overlap in scales between the models. We show that the computational efficiency gain and potential error associated with the method depend on the extent of scale overlap and wavelet filtering used. We demonstrate the method for an example problem involving a two-dimensional chemically reactive boundary and first order reactions involving two species. C1 [Mishra, Sudib K.; Muralidharan, Krishna; Deymier, Pierre A.; Frantziskonis, George N.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pannala, S.; Simunovic, Srdjan; Daw, C. Stuart; Nukala, Phani] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fox, Rodney] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mishra, SK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sudib@email.arizona.edu; krishna@email.arizona.edu; pannalas@ornl.gov; simunovics@ornl.gov; dawcs@ornl.gov; nukalapk@ornl.gov; rofox@iastate.edu; deymier@email.arizona.edu; frantzis@email.arizona.edu RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1542-6580 J9 INT J CHEM REACT ENG JI Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. PY 2008 VL 6 AR A28 PG 42 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 282JX UT WOS:000254564900014 ER PT J AU Walsh, J McEligot, D AF Walsh, J. McEligot, Donald TI Relation of entropy generation to wall 'laws' for turbulent flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE turbulent boundary layer; wall function; entropy generation; turbulent dissipation; turbomachinery ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-GRADIENTS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; CHANNEL FLOW; REYNOLDS; REGION; NUMBER; RATES AB For non-dimensional pressure gradients sufficiently low and Reynolds numbers sufficiently high for the constant shear stress approximation to be valid at the first node of a turbulent wall layer computation, relationships for entropy generation rates are applied to popular wall 'laws'. The resulting observations lead to a simple approach for evaluating the entropy generation rate per unit area in a computational fluid dynamics calculation for situations which satisfy this approximation. C1 [Walsh, J.] Univ Limerick, Stokes Inst, M&AE, Limerick, Ireland. [McEligot, Donald] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Walsh, J (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Stokes Inst, M&AE, Engn Res Bldg ER3-007, Limerick, Ireland. EM edmond.walsh@ul.ie NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 10 BP 649 EP 657 AR PII 905731787 DI 10.1080/10618560802448551 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 375CX UT WOS:000261091900001 ER PT J AU Wan, Y Roy, S Saberi, A Lesieutre, B AF Wan, Yan Roy, Sandip Saberi, Ali Lesieutre, Bernard TI A flexible stochastic automaton-based algorithm for network self-partitioning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE partitioning; distributed partitioning; islanding; stochastic automata ID PERFORMANCE AB This article proposes a flexible and distributed stochastic automaton-based network partitioning algorithm that is capable of finding the optimal k-way partition with respect to a broad range of cost functions, and given various constraints, in directed and weighted graphs. Specifically, we motivate the distributed partitioning (self-partitioning) problem, introduce the stochastic automaton-based partitioning algorithm, and show that the algorithm finds the optimal partition with probability 1 for a large class of partitioning tasks. Also, a discussion of why the algorithm can be expected to find good partitions quickly is included, and its performance is further illustrated through examples. Finally, applications to mobile/sensor classification in ad hoc networks, fault-isolation in electric power systems, and control of autonomous vehicle teams are pursued in detail. C1 [Wan, Yan; Roy, Sandip; Saberi, Ali] Washington State Univ, Sch EECS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lesieutre, Bernard] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch EECS, POB 642752, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sroy@eecs.wsu.edu NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 223 EP 246 DI 10.1080/15501320701260063 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 331IL UT WOS:000258005800001 ER PT J AU Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR Singh, SP Randolph, JD Jubin, RT Lewis, BE Markel, LC Reimer, RA Murphree, BE Heckrotte, RA Alderson, BW AF Counce, R. M. Bienkowski, P. R. Singh, S. P. Randolph, J. D. Jubin, R. T. Lewis, B. E. Markel, L. C. Reimer, R. A. Murphree, B. E. Heckrotte, R. A. Alderson, B. W. TI University partnerships with industry and government SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Baltic Region Seminar on Engineering Education CY SEP 04-06, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG STATE ELECTROTECH UNIV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA HO ST PETERSBURG STATE ELECTROTECH UNIV DE partnerships; community; conceptual design; collaboration; industry AB Cooperation between the university, industry, government and the community can help achieve the primary missions of the university while better meeting the needs of its stakeholders. This paper demonstrates the value of integrating activities of the university into the broader society by describing several areas of collaborative activities among The University of Tennessee, Eastman Chemical Co., Sentech, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and what is now INVISTA. C1 [Counce, R. M.; Bienkowski, P. R.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Singh, S. P.; Randolph, J. D.; Jubin, R. T.; Lewis, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Markel, L. C.] Sentech Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. [Reimer, R. A.] INVISTA Sabine River Lab, Orange, TX USA. [Heckrotte, R. A.] INVISTA Chattanooga Plant, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Alderson, B. W.] Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. RP Counce, RM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM counce@utk.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 480 EP 487 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 325HB UT WOS:000257578800003 ER PT J AU Dimov, I Geernaert, G Zlatev, Z AF Dimov, Ivan Geernaert, Gerald Zlatev, Zahari TI Impact of future climate changes on high pollution levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computations (LSSC '05) CY JUN 05-10, 2005 CL Sozopol, BULGARIA DE future climatic changes; air pollution models; scenarios; pollution levels ID EUROPE; MODEL AB Changes in climate variability as well as changes in extreme weather and climate events in the 20th century, especially those that took place during the last two to three decades of the 20th century, have been discussed in many recent scientific publications. Attempts to project the results of such studies in the future have been made under different assumptions. In this paper, we have chosen one of the well-known scenarios predicting changes of the climate in the world during the last 30 years of the 21st century. This scenario is used, together with several general predictions related to the future climate, to produce three climatic scenarios. The derived climatic scenarios are used to calculate predictions for future pollution levels in Denmark and in Europe by applying the Unified Danish Eulerian Model (UNI-DEM), on a space domain containing the whole of Europe. C1 [Zlatev, Zahari] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Dimov, Ivan] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Parallel Proc, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Geernaert, Gerald] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zlatev, Z (reprint author), Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM ivdimov@bas.bg; geemaert@lanl.gov; zz@dmu.dk NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 200 EP 230 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2008.017103 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268DR UT WOS:000253559100006 ER PT J AU Gray, ML Champagne, KJ Fauth, D Baltrus, JP Pennline, H AF Gray, M. L. Champagne, K. J. Fauth, D. Baltrus, J. P. Pennline, Henry TI Performance of immobilized tertiary amine solid sorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; capture; tertiary amine and solid sorbent ID CO2; ADSORPTION AB The capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a simulated flue gas stream was achieved by utilizing immobilized tertiary amine solid sorbents. The tertiary amine immobilized in these solid substrates was 1, 8 Diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and it has the stoichiometric capability of capturing carbon dioxide at a 1:1 R-NH2:CO2 molar ratio. This is a unique feature compared to other primary and secondary amines which capture CO2 at a 2:1 molar ratio, thus making the immobilized DBU solid sorbents competitive with existing commercially available sorbents and liquid amine-based capture systems. The immobilized DBU solid sorbents prepared in this study exhibit acceptable CO2 capture capacities of 3.0 mol CO2/kg sorbent at 298 K; however, at the critical operational temperature of 338 K, the capacity was reduced to 2.3 mol/kg sorbent. The DBU sorbents did exhibit acceptable stability over the adsorption/desorption temperature range of 298-360 K based on XPS and TGA analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, M. L.; Champagne, K. J.; Fauth, D.; Baltrus, J. P.; Pennline, Henry] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gray, ML (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Gray@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 15 TC 106 Z9 121 U1 13 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00088-6 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DN UT WOS:000256441000002 ER PT J AU Figueroa, JD Fout, T Plasynski, S McIlvried, H Srivastava, RD AF Figueroa, Jose D. Fout, Timothy Plasynski, Sean McIlvried, Howard Srivastava, Rameshwar D. TI Advancesn in CO(2) capture technology - The US Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide capture; post-combustion; pre-combustion; oxy-combustion AB There is growing concern that anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions are contributing to global climate change. Therefore, it is critical to develop technologies to mitigate this problem. One very promising approach to reducing CO(2) emissions is CO(2) capture at a power plant, transport to an injection site, and sequestration for long-term storage in any of a variety of suitable geologic formations. However, if the promise of this approach is to come to fruition, capture costs will have to be reduced. The Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program is actively pursuing this goal. CO(2) capture from coal-derived power generation can be achieved by various approaches: post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy-combustion. All three of these pathways are under investigation, some at an early stage of development. A wide variety of separation techniques is being pursued, including gas phase separation, absorption into a liquid, and adsorption on a solid, as well as hybrid processes, such as adsorption/membrane systems. Current efforts cover not only improvements to state-of-the-art technologies but also development of several innovative concepts, such as metal organic frameworks, ionic liquids, and enzyme-based systems. This paper discusses the current status of the development Of CO(2) capture technology. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Figueroa, Jose D.; Fout, Timothy; Plasynski, Sean] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [McIlvried, Howard; Srivastava, Rameshwar D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Figueroa, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM jose.figueroa@netl.doe.gov NR 41 TC 911 Z9 942 U1 78 U2 489 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00094-1 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DN UT WOS:000256441000003 ER PT J AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, Karsten TI Leakage of CO2 from geologic storage: Role of secondary accumulation at shallow depth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO2 leakage; CO2 accumulation; pneumatic eruption; CO2 storage security; three-phase flow; numerical simulation ID MULTIPHASE FLOW; DISPOSAL; SEQUESTRATION; INJECTION; RESERVOIR; ROCK AB Geologic storage of CO, can be a viable technology for reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases only if it can be demonstrated that leakage from proposed storage reservoirs and associated hazards are small or can be mitigated. Risk assessment must evaluate potential leakage scenarios and develop a rational, mechanistic understanding of CO2 behavior during leakage. Flow Of CO2 may be subject to positive feedbacks that could amplify leakage risks and hazards, placing a premium on identifying and avoiding adverse conditions and mechanisms. A scenario that is unfavorable in terms of leakage behavior is formation of a secondary CO2 accumulation at shallow depth. This paper develops a detailed numerical simulation model to investigate CO2 discharge from a secondary accumulation, and evaluates the role of different thermodynamic and hydrogeologic conditions. our simulations demonstrate self-enhancing as well as self-limiting feedbacks. Condensation of gaseous CO2, three-phase flow of aqueous phase-liquid CO2-gaseous CO2, and cooling from Joule-Thomson expansion and boiling of liquid CO2 are found to play important roles in the behavior of a CO2 leakage system. We find no evidence that a subsurface accumulation of CO2 at ambient temperatures could give rise to a high-energy discharge, a so-called "pneumatic eruption". Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_Pruess@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00095-3 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DN UT WOS:000256441000005 ER PT J AU Narumanchi, S Troshko, A Bharathan, D Hassani, V AF Narumanchi, Sreekant Troshko, Andrey Bharathan, Desikan Hassani, Vahab TI Numerical simulations of nucleate boiling in impinging jets: Applications in power electronics cooling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE boiling; power electronics; numerical simulations; CFD; IGBTs ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; DIELECTRIC LIQUID; BUBBLE-GROWTH; WATER-JET; PART I; IMPINGEMENT; DISK; FLOW; CONVECTION; SURFACE AB Boiling jet impingement cooling is currently being explored to cool power electronics components. In hybrid vehicles, inverters are used for DC-AC conversion. These inverters involve a number of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are used as on/off switches. The heat dissipated in these transistors can result in heat fluxes of up to 200 W/cm(2), which makes the thermal management problem quite important. In this paper, turbulent jet impingement involving nucleate boiling is explored numerically. The framework for these computations is the CFD code FLUENT. For nucleate boiling, the Eulerian multiphase model is used. The numerical results for boiling water and R113 jets (submerged) are validated against existing experimental data in the literature. Some representative IGBT package simulations that use R134a as the cooling fluid are also presented. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant; Bharathan, Desikan; Hassani, Vahab] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Troshko, Andrey] ANSYS Inc, Fluid Business Unit, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, MS 1633,1617 Cole Blvd Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sreekant_narumanchi@nrel.gov OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.05.026 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 255WL UT WOS:000252688800001 ER PT J AU Liu, XB Johnson, C Li, CM Xu, J Cross, C AF Liu, Xingbo Johnson, Christopher Li, Chengming Xu, Jing Cross, Caleb TI Developing TiAlN coatings for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; interconnect; TiAlN; PVD ID OXIDATION RESISTANCE; STEEL INTERCONNECTS; FILMS; SOFCS AB TiN-type coatings have the potential to be used as SOFC interconnect coatings because of their low resistance and high temperature stability. In this research, various (Ti,Al)N coatings were deposited on stainless steels by filtered-are method. ASR and XRD tests were conducted on these coatings, and SEM/EDAX analyses were conducted after ASR and XRD tests. SEM/EDAX analyses show that (Ti,Al)N remains stable at temperature up to 700 degrees C in a short period of time. It is also indicated that Al has beneficial effect on the stability of TiN-type coatings. At 900 degrees C, (Ti-30Al)N is fully oxidized and some of (Ti-50Al)N coating still remains as nitride. The analyses on cross-sectional samples show that these coatings are an effective barrier to the Cr migration. In summary, (Ti,Al)N coatings are good candidates for the SOFC interconnect applications at 700 degrees C. The future directions of this, research are to improve the stability of these coatings by alloy-doping and to develop multi-layer coatings. (C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Liu, Xingbo; Li, Chengming; Xu, Jing] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Johnson, Christopher; Cross, Caleb] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Li, Chengming] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.09.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 268FH UT WOS:000253564000026 ER PT J AU Kim, JK Park, IS Kim, KJ Gatwlik, K AF Kim, Jin-Kyeonq Park, Il-Seok Kim, Kwang J. Gatwlik, Keith TI A hydrogen-compression system using porous metal hydride pellets of LaNi5-xAlx SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE metal hydridel; thermally driven hydrogen compressor AB The objective of this study is to examine the performance of a hydrogen compressor by using recently developed porous metal hydride compact technology exhibiting high thermal conductance. The inlet temperatures of the cooling medium for hydrogen storage (20 and 30 degrees C), the heating medium for compression (60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees C), and the kind of metal hydride (LaNi5 and LaNi4.75Al0.25) were considered as key parameters. For each condition, transient temperature distributions and compressed pressures were monitored. Results showed that the hydrogen compressor fared better at lower storage temperatures. The research showed that LaNi4.75Al0.25 had a faster absorption rate than LaNi5. In addition, the compression ratio was found to be primarily dependent on the temperature difference between cooling and heating; the compression work and the efficiency of the LaNi5 reactor were slightly larger than those of the LaNi4.75Al0.25 reactor. Under the considered conditions, the maximum work (2.44kJ) and efficiency (5.91%) occurred when LaNi5 operated at cooling temperature of 20 degrees C and heating temperature of 90 degrees C. (C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Jin-Kyeonq; Park, Il-Seok; Kim, Kwang J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Gatwlik, Keith] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kwangkim@unr.edu OI Kim, Kwang/0000-0003-2134-4964 NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 870 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.10.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 271MA UT WOS:000253791300046 ER PT J AU Marchi, CS Somerday, BP Tang, X Schiroky, GH AF Marchi, C. San Somerday, B. P. Tang, X. Schiroky, G. H. TI Effects of alloy composition and strain hardening on tensile fracture of hydrogen-precharged type 316 stainless steels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen embrittlement; stainless steel; tensile fracture ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; DUCTILE FRACTURE; ENVIRONMENT EMBRITTLEMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURES; DEFORMATION; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; METALS AB The use of type 316 stainless steels in gaseous hydrogen infrastructure motivated this work on hydrogen-assisted fracture. The tensile ductility of type 316 stainless steel is reduced by internal hydrogen contents of 136 wppm that have been generated by thermal precharging in hydrogen gas, although these reductions of ductility tend to be modest for both annealed and strain-hardened microstructures. Consistent with the relatively high ductility of both hydrogen-precharged and non-charged specimens, the tensile fracture modes involve plasticity mechanisms. However, internal hydrogen enhances void nucleation by lowering the interface strength at particles and/or by promoting slip localization. High nickel content in type 316 stainless steels appears to offer greater resistance to hydrogen-assisted fracture; in particular, nickel plays an important role in deformation processes that affect hydrogen-assisted fracture. Carbon was found to have no measurable effect on hydrogen-assisted fracture, although it is expected to contribute to stabilizing type 316 stainless steel with respect to the formation of strain-induced martensite. (C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marchi, C. San; Somerday, B. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Tang, X.; Schiroky, G. H.] Swagelok Co, Solon, OH USA. RP Marchi, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM cwsanma@sandia.gov OI San Marchi, Christopher/0000-0002-0862-8607 NR 76 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 889 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.10.046 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 271MA UT WOS:000253791300048 ER PT J AU Cho, ZH Kim, YB Han, JY Min, HK Kim, KN Choi, SH Veklerov, E Shepp, LA AF Cho, Zang-Hee Kim, Young-Bo Han, Jae-Yong Min, Hoon-Ki Kim, Kyoung-Nam Choi, Sang-Han Veklerov, Eugene Shepp, Larry A. TI New brain atlas-mapping the human brain in vivo with 7.0 T MRI and comparison with postmortem histology: Will these images change modern medicine? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultra-high field (UHF); MRI; 7.0T MRI; midbrain; hippocampus ID SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; STIMULATION; PHASE AB Human brain imaging with magnetic resonance at 7.0 Tesla (T) can reveal the brain's architecture with resolution equivalent to that obtained from thin slices in vitro. In vivo images can provide tissue type identification with a greater clarity than that available in vitro without special stains. The coil design is an 8 or 12 channel phased array antenna tuned for 7.0T The individual coils are arranged 8 or 12 loops in a "crown" configuration. Image acquisition is 6 minutes for 15 slices of 2 mm thickness with in-plane resolution of 0.25 mm using a gradient echo pulse sequence. While others have achieved good resolution in human brain imaging, this paper demonstrates a pulse sequence with a specialized radiofrequency coil that achieves an uniformity and resolution not shown in previous studies at 7.0T Our new images demonstrate very fine details of the midbrain, brainstem, and hippocampal area that have not been previously achieved in living human subjects. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Cho, Zang-Hee; Kim, Young-Bo; Han, Jae-Yong; Min, Hoon-Ki; Kim, Kyoung-Nam; Choi, Sang-Han] Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Neurosci Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Cho, Zang-Hee; Min, Hoon-Ki] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiol Sci & Biomed Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Veklerov, Eugene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shepp, Larry A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Cho, ZH (reprint author), Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Neurosci Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. EM zcho@gachon.ac.kr NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1002/ima.20143 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 321JS UT WOS:000257301400002 ER PT J AU Quentin, P Naidja, H Bonneau, L Bartel, J Long, HT AF Quentin, Philippe Naidja, Houda Bonneau, Ludovic Bartel, Johann Long, Ha Thuy TI The higher Tamm-Dancoff approximation: Theoretical context and phenomenological aspects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PAIRING CORRELATIONS; MODEL AB We present the key aspects of the theoretical foundations of the Higher Tamm-Dancoff Approximation which can be interpreted as a truncated shell-model approach based on a Hartree Fock solution, ensuring the conservation of the particle number. Then we discuss some phenomenological aspects of the residual interactions used, namely the delta interaction to describe the neutron neutron and proton proton pairing correlations and the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction to describe vibrational correlations. C1 [Quentin, Philippe; Bonneau, Ludovic] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Naidja, Houda] Univ Bordeaux 1, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Bartel, Johann] CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Bartel, Johann] Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Long, Ha Thuy] Vietnam Natl Univ Hanoi, Coll Nat Sci, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Quentin, Philippe; Naidja, Houda; Bonneau, Ludovic] CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Quentin, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 228 EP 239 DI 10.1142/S0218301308009732 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 286TB UT WOS:000254867800025 ER PT J AU Sundaram, SK Weber, TJ AF Sundaram, S. K. Weber, T. J. TI Special issue: On nanotoxicity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sundaram, S. K.; Weber, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm & Fundamental Sci Directorates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm & Fundamental Sci Directorates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sk.sundaram@pnl.gov; Thomas.Weber@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 269PA UT WOS:000253660100001 ER PT J AU Panessa-Warren, BJ Warren, JB Maye, MM Van der Lelie, D Gang, O Wong, SS Ghebrehiwet, B Tortora, GT Misewich, JA AF Panessa-Warren, Barbara J. Warren, John B. Maye, Mathew M. Van der Lelie, Daniel Gang, Oleg Wong, Stanislaus S. Ghebrehiwet, Berhane Tortora, George T. Misewich, James A. TI Human epithelial cell processing of carbon and gold nanoparticles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; cytotoxicity; cellular processing; DNA-functionalised; antibody-functionalised ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; KERATINOCYTES; ENDOCYTOSIS; NANOTUBES; EXPOSURE; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN AB This paper describes some early cellular and intracellular interactions of human polarised lung and colon epithelial cells (representative of two portals of entry, inhalation and ingestion), following exposure to specific carbon and gold engineered nanoparticles in vitro. Cells were incubated with functionalised and non-functionalised carbon nanotube-derived nanoloops (similar to 28-60 nm diameter), or gold nanoparticles (2 nm and 10 nm Au-core) which were either non-functionalised, or functionalised with biological proteins or ssDNA and analysed using viability staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning (FESEM) electron microscopy. Even with such diverse nanoparticles and functionalisations, we found that the surface properties and size of the nanoparticles determined their cellular binding, incorporation and/or cytotoxicity. However the cells responded to the different types of nanoparticles using various intracellular routes which differed with the cell type, but all of the narroparticles ultimately were consolidated into aggregates and transported to the basal cell surface. Nanoparticles that were completely covered with biological macromolecules (i.e., recombinant gClq-R protein, non-immune IgGk, monoclonal antibody to gClq-R, or ssDNA) did not cause ultrastructural damage or changes in the cell monolayers. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-functionalised carbon nanoloops and ssDNA 100% covered Au-nanodots were incorporated and transported within the colon cells using different cellular pathways than those used by the lung cells. Citrate-capped Au-nanoparticles (2 nm and 10 nm) and 20% DNA covered Au-nanoparticles passed into the colon and lung cells through small holes in the apical cell membrane, which could possibly be produced by lipid peroxidation. Serious forms of cell damage were observed with citrate capped 2 nm and 10 nm Au-nanoparticles (i.e., nuclear localisation (2 nm-Au); intracellular membrane damage (10 nm-Au)). Vital staining used to identify cellular necrosis following nanoparticle exposure, was sometimes misleading showing cell necrosis statistics similar to normal controls, when TEM analysis revealed intracellular and organellar damage in identically treated cells. C1 [Panessa-Warren, Barbara J.; Wong, Stanislaus S.; Misewich, James A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Warren, John B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Warren, John B.; Maye, Mathew M.; Gang, Oleg] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ghebrehiwet, Berhane] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tortora, George T.] Univ Hosp, Clin Microbiol Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tortora, George T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Hlth Technol & Management, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Panessa-Warren, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bpanessa@bnl.gov; warren@bnl.gov; mmaye@bnl.gov; vdlelied@bnl.gov; ogang@bnl.gov; sswong@bnl.gov; bghebrehiwet@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; gtortora@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; misewich@bnl.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 55 EP 91 PG 37 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 269PA UT WOS:000253660100005 ER PT J AU Artyukhin, AB Stadermann, M Stroeve, P Bakajin, O Noy, A AF Artyukhin, Alexander B. Stadermann, Michael Stroeve, Pieter Bakajin, Olgica Noy, Aleksandr TI Fabrication and characterisation of suspended carbon nanotube devices in liquid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; suspended nanotubes; nanotube transistors; operation in fluid; nanotube fabrication ID PROBE MICROSCOPY TIPS; GROWTH; ROPES; CATALYST; SILICON; ARRAYS AB Suspended carbon nanotube devices represent a promising platform for future bio-electronic applications. Suspended carbon nanotube transistors have been previously fabricated in air; however all previous attempts to bring them into liquid failed. We analyse forces acting on the suspended nanotube devices during immersion into liquids and during device operation and show that surface tension forces acting on the suspended nanotubes during transfer into the liquid phase are responsible for the nanotube damage. We have developed a new strategy that circumvents these limitations by coating suspended nanotubes with a rigid inorganic shell in the gas phase. The coating reinforces the nanotubes and allows them to survive transfer through the interface. Subsequent removal of the coating in the solution phase restores pristine suspended nanotubes. We demonstrate that devices fabricated using this technique preserve their original electrical characteristics. C1 [Artyukhin, Alexander B.; Stadermann, Michael; Bakajin, Olgica; Noy, Aleksandr] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stroeve, Pieter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4-5 BP 488 EP 496 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 287EI UT WOS:000254899300005 ER PT J AU Tiedje, T Young, EC Mascarenhas, A AF Tiedje, T. Young, E. C. Mascarenhas, A. TI Growth and properties of the dilute bismide semiconductor GaAs1-xBix a complementary alloy to the dilute nitrides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epitaxial semiconductor films; molecular beam epitaxy of bismides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BAND-GAP; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; NITROGEN INCORPORATION; SOLAR-CELLS; BISMUTH; LAYERS; GAAS; BI AB In this review we describe the growth and properties of the dilute bismide semiconductor alloy GaAs1-xBix and show how its properties are in certain respects complementary to the dilute nitride alloy, GaNyAs1-y. Like the dilute nitrides the dilute bismides show a giant band gap bowing effect in which a small concentration of the alloying element has a disproportionate effect on the band gap, however in the case of the bismide the band gap reduction is associated with an increase in the energy of the valence band maximum (VBM) rather than a reduction in the energy of the conduction band minimum (CBM). Under standard GaAs growth conditions Bi acts as a surfactant with associated improvements in surface quality. In order to. incorporate Bi, growth temperatures below 400 degrees C are used with As-2/Ga flux ratios close to unity. The electron mobility of GaAs is only weakly affected by Bi alloying, in contrast to the dilute nitrides where the electron mobility decreases rapidly with N alloying. Bi alloying also produces a giant bowing effect in the spin orbit splitting in the valence band. Strong room temperature photoluminescence is observed. Prospects for future device applications of this new compound semiconductor alloy are discussed. C1 [Tiedje, T.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Young, E. C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Mascarenhas, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tiedje, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM ttiedje@phas.ubc.ca; erin@engineering.ucsb.edu; Angelo_Mascarenbas@nrel.gov RI Young, Erin/J-5786-2013 FU NSERC FX We thank our numerous collaborators and coworkers for their efforts which we have summarised in this review paper, especially Martin Adameyk, Brian Fluegel, Sebastien Francoeur and Sebastien Tixier. We thank NSERC for financial support of the MBE growth program at UBC. NR 54 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 39 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 9-12 BP 963 EP 983 DI 10.1504/IJNT.2008.019828 PG 21 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 349AM UT WOS:000259251200004 ER PT J AU Law, RJ Lightstone, FC AF Law, Richard J. Lightstone, Felice C. TI Gaba receptor insecticide non-competitive antagonists may bind at allosteric modulator sites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIDN; EBOB and alpha-endosulfan; fipronil; GABA receptor; lindane; picrotoxin; TBPS ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; AUTOMATED DOCKING; GATING MECHANISM; AGONIST BINDING; ION CHANNELS; AMINO-ACID; PICROTOXIN; SUBUNIT; PROTEINS AB Results from several studies have shown that a series of chemically distinct insecticide compounds (picrotoxin, BIDN, TBPS, fipronil, lindane, EBOB, and -endosulfan) affect GABAA receptor function. In this investigation, docking of this set of insecticides to the GABA receptor identified five potential binding sites. The lowest energy site was found within the base of the transmembrane bundle, interacting with M2 but not in the pore, and includes many of the residues previously experimentally implicated in insecticide binding. Many of the binding modes are suggestive of a non-competitive allosteric mechanism based on interruption of the channel gating mechanism rather than directly blocking the channel. The results also distinguished between isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), where -HCH (lindane) binds more favorably than -HCH. The results suggest multiple sites for insecticide binding and may suggest further mutagenesis and labeling work to either confirm or rule out these findings. C1 [Law, Richard J.; Lightstone, Felice C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lightstone, FC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, L-372,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM felice@llnl.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7454 J9 INT J NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Neurosci. PY 2008 VL 118 IS 5 BP 705 EP 734 DI 10.1080/00207450701750216 PG 30 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294YM UT WOS:000255442200010 PM 18446586 ER PT J AU Segalman, DJ Starr, MJ AF Segalman, Daniel J. Starr, Michael J. TI Inversion of Masing models via continuous Iwan systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE non-linear; Masing; hysteresis; Ramberg-Osgood; stainless steel; plastic ID STAINLESS-STEEL ALLOYS; HYSTERESIS; BEHAVIOR; CURVES; JOINTS AB It is shown that for any material or structural model expressible as a Masing model, there exists a unique parallel-series (displacement-based) Iwan system that characterizes that model as a function of displacement history. This poses advantages both in terms of more convenient force evaluation in arbitrary deformation histories as well as in terms of model inversion. Characterization as an Iwan system is demonstrated through the inversion of the Ramberg-Osgood model, a force(stress)-based material model that is not explicitly invertible. An implication of the inversion process is that direct, rigorous comparisons of different Masing models, regardless of the ability to invert their constitutive relationship, can be achieved through the comparison of their associated Iwan distribution densities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Segalman, Daniel J.; Starr, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Starr, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov; mjstarr@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.10.005 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 268FE UT WOS:000253563700007 ER PT J AU Skubal, LR McArthur, AL Newville, M AF Skubal, Laura R. McArthur, Alan L. Newville, Matthew TI TiO(2) films for self-detection and decontamination SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; ETHANOL; GAS; IDENTIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION; SELECTIVITY; TITANIA; DIOXIDE; ACETONE; TOLUENE AB Methods that rapidly detect, characterize, quantify, and decontaminate surfaces are essential following chemical or biological incidents. Our work focused on developing a "smart" surface, one that monitors itself and the overlying atmosphere and triggers a decontamination step when surface contamination is detected. Titanium dioxide was used to coat a ceramic surface containing skeletal impregnated platinum electrodes. The electrical resistance of the surface became altered by the introduction of a contaminant into the overlying atmosphere and its chemisorption to the surface. This change in resistance in turn initiated illumination by an external ultraviolet lamp to induce photocatalytic oxidation of the sorbed contaminant. Film resistance was concentration-dependent, allowing self-decontamination to be triggered at set pollutant levels. Preliminary results suggest that advanced surfaces and films can be developed to identify contaminant type and concentration and to initiate photocatalytic decontamination to meet regulatory or safety standards. Copyright (C) 2008 Laura R. Skubal et al. C1 [Skubal, Laura R.; McArthur, Alan L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Newville, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skubal, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM l@anl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2008 AR 343714 DI 10.1155/2008/343714 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA 314CI UT WOS:000256786000001 ER PT J AU Stanhope, A Berry, CJ Brigmon, RL AF Stanhope, Andrine Berry, Christopher J. Brigmon, Robin L. TI Field note: Phytoremediation of chlorinated ethenes in seepline sediments: Tree selection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; chlorinated ethenes (CEs); seepline soils; groundwater ID HYBRID POPLAR TREES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PLANTS; REMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; FATE; RHIZOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB Phytoremediation of chlorinated ethene (CE)-contaminated water was investigated at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC, USA. Perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are present where CE-contaminated groundwater currently outcrops in seepline soils. Results of constructed and planted test cells, filled with soil from a noncontaminated seepline area and supplied with CE-contaminated groundwater (48 ppb) in the field for one season are presented. These test cells were planted with loblolly pines, hybrid poplars, coyote willow, and sweet gum. Cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), a byproduct from rhizosphere microbial activity, was detected in the soils as well as some tree tissues. All trees tested were found to uptake both PCE and TCE (5-50 pbb/gm dry wt). C1 [Stanhope, Andrine] Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Berry, Christopher J.; Brigmon, Robin L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Bldg 999W, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM r03.brigmon@srnl.doe.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-76SR00001]; U. S. Department of Energy Laboratory Cooperative Research Training Program FX This article was prepared in connection with work done under a subcontract to Contract No. DE-AC09-76SR00001 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank Roger White of the SRS Soil and Groundwater Closure Projects, Cary Tuckfield of SRNL for statistical support, and John Blake of the USFS for technical assistance. Andrine Stanhope was supported in part by an appointment to the U. S. Department of Energy Laboratory Cooperative Research Training Program at the Savannah River Site administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 529 EP 546 DI 10.1080/15226510802115067 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 342HB UT WOS:000258774100005 PM 19260231 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Fan, GJ Liu, FX Wang, GY Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Fan, G. J. Liu, F. X. Wang, G. Y. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Spatiotemporally inhomogeneous plastic flow of a bulk-metallic glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE bulk amorphous materials; ductility; glass material; nondestructive evaluation; metallic material ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SHEAR-CRACK PROPAGATION; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; NOTCH BENDING TESTS; CU-SI ALLOY; SERRATED FLOW; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; AMORPHOUS METALS; RATE DEPENDENCE AB With geometrically-constrained specimens, the spatiotemporally inhomogeneous deformation of a Zr-based bulk-metallic glass in uniaxial, quasistatic, compression was investigated. Decreasing the height/width ratio of specimens from 2 to 0.5 significantly increases the plastic strain from 2% to about 80%. Using an infrared camera, we first observe in situ dynamic shear-banding operations during compression at various strain rates. The shear banding is highly dependent on strain rates, either intermittent at the lower strain rate or successive at the higher strain rate. Scanning electron microscopy observations show the spatiality of the rate-dependent shear banding. The serrated plastic flow is a result of the shear-banding operations. At the lower strain rate, more simultaneous shear-banding operations result in more obvious serrations, while at the higher strain rate, fewer simultaneous shear-banding operations cause less obvious serrations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 65 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.01.015 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 233QQ UT WOS:000251105800001 ER PT J AU Hong, ST Pan, J Tyan, T Prasad, P AF Hong, Sung-Tae Pan, Jwo Tyan, Tau Prasad, Priya TI Dynamic crush behaviors of aluminum honeycomb specimens under compression dominant inclined loads SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE dynamic crush; aluminum honeycombs; compression; inclined stacking pattern; yield criterion; plasticity; impact velocity ID ENERGY-ABSORBING STRUCTURES; STRAIN-RATE; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; METAL HONEYCOMBS; PART II; IMPACT; INERTIA; FOAMS; SHEAR; DEFORMATION AB The dynamic crush behaviors of aluminum 5052-H38 honeycomb specimens under compression dominant inclined loads are investigated by experiments. Different types of honeycomb specimens were designed for crush tests under pure compressive and compression dominant inclined loads with respect to the out-of-plane direction. A test fixture was designed for dynamic crush tests under inclined loads. The results of the dynamic crush tests indicate that as the impact velocity increases, the normal crush strength increases and the shear strength remains nearly the same. The trends of the normalized normal crush strengths under inclined loads for specimens with different in-plane orientation angles as functions of the impact velocity are very similar to each other. Based on the experimental results, a macroscopic yield criterion as a function of the impact velocity is proposed. The experimental results suggest that, as the impact velocity increases, the shape of the macroscopic yield surface changes, or more specifically, the curvature of the yield surface increases near the pure compression state. The experimental results also show similar microscopic progressive folding mechanisms in honeycomb specimens under pure compressive and inclined loads. However, honeycomb specimens under inclined loads show inclined stacking patterns of folds due to the asymmetric location of horizontal plastic hinge lines. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Pan, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jwo@umich.edu RI Choi, Seungtae/C-6821-2011; Hong, Sung Tae/K-2720-2015 OI Choi, Seungtae/0000-0002-4119-9787; Hong, Sung Tae/0000-0003-2263-7099 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 89 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.02.003 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 233QQ UT WOS:000251105800005 ER PT J AU Barton, NR Knap, J Arsenlis, A Becker, R Hornung, RD Jefferson, DR AF Barton, Nathan R. Knap, Jaroslaw Arsenlis, Athanasios Becker, Richard Hornung, Richard D. Jefferson, David R. TI Embedded polycrystal plasticity and adaptive sampling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE C. numerical algorithms; B. polycrystalline material; C. finite elements ID LOGARITHMIC STRAIN; STRESS; MODEL; PREDICTION; TABULATION; METALS; FLOW AB A simulation capability for multi-scale embedded polycrystal plasticity is demonstrated with over two orders of magnitude wall-clock speedup compared to direct embedding. In the coarse-scale material model, the visco-plastic part of the material response is based on parameters determined from polycrystal level fine-scale calculations. Polycrystal plasticity parameters are approximated from fine-scale calculations using adaptive sampling to substantially reduce the total number of expensive fine-scale calculations which must be performed. The adaptive sampling method uses Kriging models for local interpolation of the fine-scale plasticity parameters and a metric-tree database for storage and retrieval of the fine-scale response models. Efficacy of the method is demonstrated through a variety of example problems involving both quasi-static and dynamic loading scenarios. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barton, Nathan R.; Knap, Jaroslaw; Arsenlis, Athanasios; Becker, Richard; Hornung, Richard D.; Jefferson, David R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barton, NR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM barton22@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 242 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.03.004 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 241NT UT WOS:000251663800003 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, I. J. Tome, C. N. TI A dislocation-based constitutive law for pure Zr including temperature effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Review DE dislocations; twinning; constitutive behavior; crystal plasticity; Hcp zirconium ID ZIRCONIUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CENTRED CUBIC METALS; HCP-METALS; HEXAGONAL MATERIALS; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; DEFORMATION TWINS; PRISMATIC SLIP; STRAIN-RATE; BASAL SLIP; MECHANICAL THRESHOLD AB In this work, a single crystal constitutive law for multiple slip and twinning modes in single phase hcp materials is developed. For each slip mode, a dislocation population is evolved explicitly as a function of temperature and strain rate through thermally-activated recovery and debris formation and the associated hardening includes stage IV. A stress-based hardening law for twin activation accounts for temperature effects through its interaction with slip dislocations. For model validation against macroscopic measurement, this single crystal law is implemented into a visco-plastic-self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model which accounts for texture evolution and contains a subgrain micromechanical model for twin reorientation and morphology. Slip and twinning dislocations interact with the twin boundaries through a directional Hall-Petch mechanism. The model is adjusted to predict the plastic anisotropy of clock-rolled pure Zr for three different deformation paths and at four temperatures ranging from 76 K to 450 K (at a quasi-static rate of 10(-3) 1/S). The model captures the transition from slip-dominated to twinning-dominated deformation as temperature decreases, and identifies microstructural mechanisms, such as twin nucleation and twin-slip interactions, where future characterization is needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beyerlein, I. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Irene@lanl.gov RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 103 TC 179 Z9 183 U1 13 U2 88 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 867 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.07.017 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 276CL UT WOS:000254118800006 ER PT J AU Counts, WA Braginsky, MV Battaile, CC Holm, EA AF Counts, William A. Braginsky, Michael V. Battaile, Corbett C. Holm, Elizabeth A. TI Predicting the Hall-Petch effect in fcc metals using non-local crystal plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE crystal plasticity; finite elements; scale effects; grain boundaries; strengthening mechanisms; polycrystalline material ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; POLYCRYSTAL DEFORMATION; LENGTH SCALE; STRAIN; SIZE; DISLOCATIONS; STRENGTH; THERMODYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB Many conventional continuum approaches to solid mechanics do not address the size sensitivity of deformation to microstructural features like grain boundaries, and are therefore unable to capture much of the experimentally observed behavior of polycrystal deformation. We propose a non-local crystal plasticity model, in which the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density is calculated using a non-local integral approach. The model is based on augmented F(e)F(p) kinematics, which account for the initial microstructure (primarily grain boundaries) present in the polycrystal. With the augmented kinematics, the initial GND and the evolving GND state are determined in a consistent manner. The expanded kinematics and the non-local crystal plasticity model are used to simulate the tensile behavior in copper polycrystals with different grain sizes ranging from 14 mu to 244 mu. The simulation results show a grain size dependence on the polycrystal's yield strength, which are in good agreement with the experimental data. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Counts, William A.; Braginsky, Michael V.; Battaile, Corbett C.; Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Counts, WA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany. EM w.counts@mpie.de RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1243 EP 1263 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.09.008 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 307MJ UT WOS:000256322700007 ER PT J AU Huang, EW Barabash, RI Wang, YD Clausen, B Li, L Liaw, PK Ice, GE Ren, Y Choo, H Pike, LM Klarstrom, DL AF Huang, E-Wen Barabash, Rozaliya I. Wang, Yandong Clausen, Bjorn Li, Li Liaw, Peter K. Ice, Gene E. Ren, Yang Choo, Hahn Pike, Lee M. Klarstrom, Dwaine L. TI Plastic behavior of a nickel-based alloy under monotonic-tension and low-cycle-fatigue loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE plasticity; dislocations; in-situ neutron-diffraction; fatigue ID POWDER-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPE IMAGES; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; ELASTIC STRAINS; LINE PROFILES; DEFORMATION; DISLOCATIONS; CRYSTALS; CONTRAST AB The plastic behavior of an annealed HASTELLOY (R) C-22HS (TM) alloy, a face-centered cubic (FCC), nickel-based superalloy, was examined by in-situ neutron-diffraction measurements at room temperature. Both monotonic-tension and low-cycle-fatigue experiments were conducted. Monotonic-tension straining and cyclic-loading deformation were studied as a function of stress. The plastic behavior during deformation is discussed in light of the relationship between the stress and dislocation-density evolution. The calculated dislocation-density evolution within the alloy reflects the strain hardening and cyclic hardening/softening. Experimentally determined lattice strains are compared to verify the hardening mechanism at selected stress levels for tension and cyclic loadings. Combined with calculations of the dislocation densities, the neutron-diffraction experiments provide direct information about the strain and cyclic hardening of the alloy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Ice, Gene E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, E-Wen; Wang, Yandong; Li, Li; Liaw, Peter K.; Choo, Hahn] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Barabash, Rozaliya I.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Yandong] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pike, Lee M.; Klarstrom, Dwaine L.] Haynes Int Inc, Dept Technol Engn, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Huang, E-Wen/A-7509-2009; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1440 EP 1456 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.10.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 311NH UT WOS:000256606400007 ER PT J AU Swindeman, RW Swindeman, MJ AF Swindeman, R. W. Swindeman, M. J. TI A comparison of creep models for nickel base alloys for advanced energy systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Creep and Fracture in High-Temperature Components - Design and Life Assessment Issues CY 2005 CL Lancaster, PA DE creep; nickel base alloys; alloy N; alloy X; alloy 230; alloy 617; alloy 718; CDM ID SUPERALLOY INCONEL-718; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Creep behavior was reviewed for five nickel base alloys of interest to the ultrasupercritical steam boiler and Gen-IV nuclear reactor materials programs. The behavior was evaluated, qualitatively, on the basis of creep models commonly employed to represent creep of solid-solution, wrought superalloys. These models ranged from the simple Norton creep law to rather sophisticated unified equations and continuum damage mechanics (CDM) models. In view of the heat-to-heat variability of the alloys, it was found that for representation of strains of interest to design applications, the Norton power law was suitable. Alloys that exhibited little or no primary or secondary creep were better modeled by means of the CDM approach. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Swindeman, R. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Swindeman, M. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Swindeman, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM swindemanrw@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.06.012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 264GD UT WOS:000253274600010 ER PT J AU Ponomarev, AL Costes, SV Cucinotta, FA AF Ponomarev, Artem L. Costes, Sylvain V. Cucinotta, Francis A. TI Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High-LET radiation; heavy ion; DNA modeling; DSB; DNA repair foci; DNA loops; HPRT gene ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HISTONE H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKS; HEAVY ION BOMBARDMENT; LOW-LET RADIATION; INTERPHASE CHROMOSOMES; GAMMA-H2AX FOCI; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB Purpose: We computed probabilities to have multiple double-strand breaks (DSB), which are produced in DNA on a regional scale, and not in close vicinity, in volumes matching the size of DNA damage foci, of a large chromatin loop, and in the physical volume of DNA containing the HPRT (human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus. Materials and methods: The model is based on a Monte Carlo description of DSB formation by heavy ions in the spatial context of the entire human genome contained within the cell nucleus, as well as at the gene sequence level. Results: We showed that a finite physical volume corresponding to a visible DNA repair focus, believed to be associated with one DSB, can contain multiple DSB due to heavy ion track structure and the DNA supercoiled topography. A corrective distribution was introduced, which was a conditional probability to have excess DSB in a focus volume, given that there was already one present. The corrective distribution was calculated for 19.5MeV/amu N ions, 3.77MeV/amu -particles, 1000MeV/amu Fe ions, and X-rays. The corrected initial DSB yield from the experimental data on DNA repair foci was calculated. The DSB yield based on the corrective function converts the focus yield into the DSB yield, which is comparable with the DSB yield based on the earlier PFGE experiments. The distribution of DSB within the physical limits of the HPRT gene was analyzed by a similar method as well. Conclusion: This corrective procedure shows the applicability of the model and empowers the researcher with a tool to better analyze focus statistics. The model enables researchers to analyze the DSB yield based on focus statistics in real experimental situations that lack one-to-one focus-to-DSB correspondance. C1 [Ponomarev, Artem L.; Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ponomarev, Artem L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Div Space Life Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Costes, Sylvain V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ponomarev, AL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy,Mail Code SK,Build 37,Room 119, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389 FU US DOE [DE-A103-05ER64088]; NASA Space Radiation Program Risk Assessment Project FX Support was provided by the US DOE (DE-A103-05ER64088) and the NASA Space Radiation Program Risk Assessment Project. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 84 IS 11 BP 916 EP 929 AR PII 905628265 DI 10.1080/09553000802499212 PG 14 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 374CG UT WOS:000261019400006 PM 19016140 ER PT J AU Berglund, SR Rocke, DM Dai, J Schwietert, CW Santana, A Stern, RL Lehmann, J Siantar, CLH Goldberg, Z AF Berglund, Susanne R. Rocke, David M. Dai, Jian Schwietert, Chad W. Santana, Alison Stern, Robin L. Lehmann, Joerg Siantar, Christine L. Hartmann Goldberg, Zelanna TI Transient genome-wide transcriptional response to low-dose ionizing radiation in vivo in humans SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE low-dose ionizing radiation; biosignature; human; genomic expression patterns; in vivo dosimetry ID RAT SPINAL-CORD; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; INDUCED ACTIVATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN-KINASE; STRESS GENES; EXPOSURE; PATHWAY; CELLS AB Purpose: The in vivo effects of low-dose low linear energy transfer ionizing radiation on healthy human skin are largely unknown. Using a patient-based tissue acquisition protocol, we have performed a series of genomic analyses on the temporal dynamics over a 24-hour period to determine the radiation response after a single exposure of 10 cGy. Methods and Materials: RNA from each patient tissue sample was hybridized to an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array. Data analysis was performed on selected gene groups and pathways. Results: Nineteen gene groups and seven gene pathways that had been shown to be radiation responsive were analyzed. Of these, nine gene groups showed significant transient transcriptional changes in the human tissue samples, which returned to baseline by 24 hours postexposure. Conclusions: Low doses of ionizing radiation on full-thickness human skin produce a definable temporal response out to 24 hours postexposure. Genes involved in DNA and tissue remodeling, cell cycle transition, and inflammation show statistically significant changes in expression, despite variability between patients. These data serve as a reference for the temporal dynamics of ionizing radiation response following low-dose exposure in healthy full-thickness human skin. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Berglund, Susanne R.; Schwietert, Chad W.; Santana, Alison; Stern, Robin L.; Lehmann, Joerg; Goldberg, Zelanna] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Rocke, David M.; Dai, Jian] Univ Calif Davis, Div Biostat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Siantar, Christine L. Hartmann] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Goldberg, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 4501 X St,Suite G-149, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM zgoldberg@ucdavis.edu RI Rocke, David/I-7044-2013 OI Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA093373, P30 CA093373-04]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG003352, R01 HG003352-02, R01 HG003352-03, R01-HG003352]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004699, P42 ES004699-229005, P42 ES004699-239005, P42-ES04699] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.026 PG 6 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 244LP UT WOS:000251867700031 PM 17996396 ER PT J AU Sobrino, JA Jimenez-Munoz, JC Soria, G Gomez, M Ortiz, AB Romaguera, M Zaragoza, M Julien, Y Cuenca, J Atitar, M Hidalgo, V Franch, B Mattar, C Ruescas, A Morales, L Gillespie, A Balick, L Su, Z Nerry, F Peres, L Libonati, R AF Sobrino, J. A. Jimenez-Munoz, J. C. Soria, G. Gomez, M. Ortiz, A. Barella Romaguera, M. Zaragoza, M. Julien, Y. Cuenca, J. Atitar, M. Hidalgo, V. Franch, B. Mattar, C. Ruescas, A. Morales, L. Gillespie, A. Balick, L. Su, Z. Nerry, F. Peres, L. Libonati, R. TI Thermal remote sensing in the framework of the SEN2FLEX project: field measurements, airborne data and applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Torrent, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, City Council Torrent, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Commiss, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, Univ Sci Council Generalitat Valencian ID EMISSIVITY SEPARATION ALGORITHM; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IMAGERY; COVER; AREA; NDVI AB A description of thermal radiometric field measurements carried out in the framework of the European project SENtinel-2 and Fluorescence Experiment (SEN2FLEX) is presented. The field campaign was developed in the region of Barrax (Spain) during June and July 2005. The purpose of the thermal measurements was to retrieve biogeophysical parameters such as land surface emissivity (LSE) and temperature (LST) to validate airborne-based methodologies and to characterize different surfaces. Thermal measurements were carried out using two multiband field radiometers and several broadband field radiometers, pointing at different targets. High-resolution images acquired with the Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) sensor were used to retrieve LST and LSE, applying the Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm as well as single-channel (SC) and two-channel (TC) methods. To this purpose, 10 AHS thermal infrared (TIR) bands (8-13 mu m) were considered. LST and LSE estimations derived from AHS data were used to obtain heat fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET) as an application of thermal remote sensing in the context of agriculture and water management. To this end, an energy balance equation was solved using the evaporative fraction concept involved in the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) model. The test of the different algorithms and methods against ground-based measurements showed root mean square errors (RMSE) lower than 1.8K for temperature and lower than 1.1mm/day for daily ET. C1 [Sobrino, J. A.; Jimenez-Munoz, J. C.; Soria, G.; Gomez, M.; Ortiz, A. Barella; Romaguera, M.; Zaragoza, M.; Julien, Y.; Cuenca, J.; Atitar, M.; Hidalgo, V.; Franch, B.; Mattar, C.; Ruescas, A.] Univ Valencia, Fac Phys, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, Global Change Unit, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Morales, L.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dept Ciencias Ambientales & Recursos Nat, Santiago, Chile. [Gillespie, A.] Univ Washington, WM Keck Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balick, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Su, Z.] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Herat Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands. [Nerry, F.] Univ Strasbourg 1, LSIIT TRIO, F-67412 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Peres, L.; Libonati, R.] CGUL, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Sobrino, JA (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Fac Phys, Dept Earth Phys & Thermodynam, Global Change Unit, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM sobrino@uv.es RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; Romaguera, Mireia/A-8982-2012; LIBONATI, RENATA/F-9701-2012; Peres, Leonardo/L-3372-2014; Soria Barres, Guillem/L-9462-2014; Sobrino, Jose/M-1585-2014; Julien, Yves/M-5224-2014; Mattar, Cristian/P-6711-2014; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/K-2903-2015 OI LIBONATI, RENATA/0000-0001-7570-1993; Peres, Leonardo/0000-0001-6820-6935; Soria Barres, Guillem/0000-0002-3148-9238; Sobrino, Jose/0000-0003-3787-9373; Julien, Yves/0000-0001-5334-7137; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-7562-4895 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 4961 EP 4991 DI 10.1080/01431160802036516 PG 31 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 344JS UT WOS:000258923500007 ER PT J AU Mccabe, MF Balick, LK Theiler, J Gillespie, AR Mushkin, A AF Mccabe, M. F. Balick, L. K. Theiler, J. Gillespie, A. R. Mushkin, A. TI Linear mixing in thermal infrared temperature retrieval SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Torrent, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, City Council Torrent, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Commiss, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, Univ Sci Council Generalitat Valencian ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HYPERSPECTRAL SCANNER; NATURAL SURFACES; EMISSIVITY; ANGLE; REFLECTANCE; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB Virtually all remotely sensed thermal infrared (IR) pixels are, to some degree, mixtures of different materials or temperatures: real pixels are rarely thermally homogeneous. As sensors improve and spectral thermal IR remote sensing becomes more quantitative, the concept of homogeneous pixels becomes inadequate. Quantitative thermal IR remote sensors measure radiance. Planck's Law defines a relationship between temperature and radiance that is more complex than linear proportionality and is strongly wavelength-dependent. As a result, the area-averaged temperature of a pixel is not the same as the temperature derived from the radiance averaged over the pixel footprint, even for blackbodies. This paper uses simple linear mixing of pixel elements (subpixels) to examine the impacts of pixel mixtures on temperature retrieval and ground leaving radiance. The results show that for a single material with one temperature distribution and with a subpixel temperature standard deviation of 6K (daytime images), the effects of subpixel temperature variability are small but can exceed 0.5K in the 3-5 mm band and about a third of that in the 8-12 mm band. For pixels with a 50 : 50 mixture of materials (two temperature distributions with different means) the impact of subpixel radiance variability on temperature retrieval can exceed 6K in the 3-5 mm band and 2K in the 8-12 mu m band. Subpixel temperatures determined from Gaussian distributions and also from high-resolution thermal images are used as inputs to our linear mixing model. Model results are compared directly to these broadband thermal images of plowed soil and senesced barley. Finally, a theoretical framework for quantifying the effect of non-homogeneous temperature distributions for the case of a binary combination of mixed pixels is derived, with results shown to be valid for the range of standard deviations and temperature differences examined herein. C1 [Mccabe, M. F.; Balick, L. K.; Theiler, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mccabe, M. F.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gillespie, A. R.; Mushkin, A.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mccabe, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmccabe@unsw.edu.au RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 5047 EP 5061 DI 10.1080/01431160802036474 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 344JS UT WOS:000258923500011 ER PT J AU Mandal, S Kose, S Frank, A Elmustafa, AA AF Mandal, S. Kose, S. Frank, A. Elmustafa, A. A. TI A numerical study on pile-up in nanoindentation creep SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; creep; pile-up; hardness measurement; ABAQUS AB In this paper, we simulate materials of variable hardness, work hardening exponent, chi = partial derivative ln sigma/partial derivative ln epsilon of 0.1-0.3 and a strain rate sensitivity of von Mises stress, nu(sigma) = partial derivative ln sigma/partial derivative ln (epsilon) over bar of 0.08-0.16 to estimate pile-ups and sink-ins during indentation creep and compare the results with literature data. We report that materials pile-up for nu(H)/nu(sigma) >= 1.0 and sink-in for nu(H)/nu(sigma) <1.0, nu(H), is the strain rate sensitivity of the hardness nu(H)/nu(sigma) approaches 1 for small H/E*, i. e., soft materials and deformation is dominated by pile-up, whereas when nu(H)/nu(sigma) approaches 0 for large H/E* corresponds to purely elastic deformation which is apparently dominated by sink-in in a manner prescribed by Herizian contact mechanics. C1 [Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Elmustafa, AA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM smand002@odu.edu; kose@bellsouth.net; afran009@odu.edu; aelmusta@odu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1749-785X J9 INT J SURF SCI ENG JI Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2008.018967 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA V12XP UT WOS:000207632200004 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG AF Yang, Zhenguo TI Recent advances in metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solid oxide fuel cell; interconnect; high temperature materials; oxidation; corrosion; coating ID STAINLESS-STEEL INTERCONNECT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; DOPED LAMNO3 ELECTRODES; SOFC STACK CONDITIONS; SUBSTITUTED LANTHANUM CHROMITE; OXIDATION-RESISTANT ALLOYS; STEAM/AIR DUAL ENVIRONMENT; FORMING FERRITIC STEELS; GLASS-CERAMIC SEALANTS; PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES AB With the reduction in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperatures into the range 650-800 degrees C, cost effective metallic materials, in particular high temperature oxidation resistant alloys, have become promising candidates, in place of ceramic counterparts, for construction of interconnects in SOFC stacks. For a lifetime of thousands of hours, the alloys must demonstrate excellent surface, structural and electrical stability, and compatibility with other components in SOFC stacks in a very challenging environment. The present paper provides a critical review of metallic interconnects for SOFCs with a focus on recent progress in materials development, as well as advances in understanding materials degradation and interfacial phenomena under the SOFC operating conditions. It also attempts to provide guiding principles for the development of optimised, cost effective metallic interconnect materials that can demonstrate satisfactory life time stability and performance. C1 [Yang, Zhenguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov NR 197 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 68 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1179/174328007X212526 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 264TA UT WOS:000253312100003 ER PT B AU Sumali, H AF Sumali, Hartono GP ASME TI An experiment to determine the accuracy of squeeze-film damping models in the free-molecule regime SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 11 PT A AND PT B: MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID QUALITY FACTOR; VACUUM; RESONATORS; MICROBEAM AB Current published models for predicting squeeze film damping (SFD), which are based on different assumptions, give widely different results in the free-molecule regime. The work presented here provides experimental data for validating SFD models in that regime. The test device was an almost rectangular micro plate supported by beam springs. The structure was base-excited. The rigid plate oscillated vertically while staying parallel to the substrate. The velocities of the plate and of the substrate were measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer and a microscope. The damping ratio was calculated by performing modal analysis of the frequency response functions. The test structures were contained in a vacuum chamber with air pressures controlled to provide a five-order-of-magnitude range of Knudsen numbers. The damping coefficients from the measurements were compared with predictions from various published models. The results show that the continuum-base Reynolds equation predicts squeeze-film damping accurately if used with correct boundary conditions. The accuracy of molecular-based models depends heavily on the assumptions used in developing the models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sumali, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1070,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4305-5 PY 2008 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO51 UT WOS:000254834900048 ER PT B AU Phinney, LM Piekos, ES Kuppers, JD AF Phinney, Leslie M. Piekos, Edward S. Kuppers, Jaron D. GP ASME TI Bond pad effects on steady state thermal conductivity measurement using suspended micromachined test structures SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 11 PT A AND PT B: MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID SILICON FILMS; POLYSILICON AB This study examines the effects of bond pads on the measurement of thermal conductivity for micromachined polycrystalline silicon using suspended test structures and a steady state resistance method. Bond pad heating can invalidate the assumption of constant temperature boundary conditions used for data analysis. Bond pad temperatures above the heat sink temperature arise from conduction out of the bridge test element and Joule heating in the bond pad. Simulations results determined correction factors for the electrical resistance offset, Joule heating effects in the beam, and Joule heating in the bond pads. Fillets at the base of the beam reduce the effect of bond pad heating until they become too large. C1 [Phinney, Leslie M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4305-5 PY 2008 BP 561 EP 568 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO51 UT WOS:000254834900072 ER PT B AU Wong, CC Phinney, LM AF Wong, C. Channy Phinney, Leslie M. GP ASME TI Computational analysis of responses of micro electro-thermal actuators SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 11 PT A AND PT B: MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB The electrical, thermal, and mechanical responses of surface micromachined (SMM) 2-bearn actuators have been simulated using the Calagio code, a coupled physics analysis tool. The present analysis, unlike previous analyses, includes the surrounding air in the computational domain so that heat losses from the beams onto the silicon substrate will be accurately modeled. This setup is essential because the existing,shape factor' correlations have difficulty capturing the three-dimensional geometric effect of the heat loss in the shuttle at the center that connects the bent beams. In addition, results from the present analysis reveal that because the local heat flux can be extremely high, a significant temperature jump can occur across the air-structure interfaces. C1 [Wong, C. Channy] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Mech Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wong, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Mech Dev Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4305-5 PY 2008 BP 1037 EP 1045 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO51 UT WOS:000254834900139 ER PT B AU Serrano, JR Kearney, SP AF Serrano, Justin R. Kearney, Sean P. GP ASME TI Time-resolved micro-raman thermometry for microsystems SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 11 PT A AND PT B: MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID SILICON; SCATTERING; ACTUATORS AB Micro-Raman thermometry has demonstrated to be a feasible technique for obtaining micron-scale spatial resolution of microelectronic and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) temperatures. However, the low intensities of the Raman signals emerging from the device under study force the need for prolonged data collection times in order to obtain reliable temperature information. This characteristic currently limits Raman thermometry to steady state conditions, and thereby prevents temperature measurements of transient and fast time-scale events. In this paper we discuss the extension of the micro-Raman thermometry diagnostic technique to obtain transient temperature measurements on microelectromechanical devices with 100 mu s temporal resolution. Through the use of a phase-locked technique we are able to obtain temperature measurements on electrically-powered MEMS actuators powered with a periodic signal. Furthermore, we demonstrate a way of obtaining reliable micro-scale temperature measurements on devices that undergo mechanical movement during the device operation. C1 [Serrano, Justin R.; Kearney, Sean P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serrano, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4305-5 PY 2008 BP 1075 EP 1079 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHO51 UT WOS:000254834900143 ER PT J AU Cui, LF Wang, LS AF Cui, Li-Feng Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Stable icosahedral hollow cage clusters: stannaspherene (Sn-12(2-)) and plumbaspherene (Pb-12(2-)) SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE stannaspherene; plumbaspherene; cage clusters; photoelectron spectroscopy; tin clusters ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; ION MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS; SIZED SILICON CLUSTERS; GERMANIUM CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BORON CLUSTERS; TIN CLUSTERS; ZINTL IONS; ENDOHEDRAL STANNASPHERENES AB One of the major objectives of cluster science is to discover stable atomic clusters, which may be used as building blocks for cluster-assembled nanomaterials. The discovery and bulk synthesis of the fullerenes have sprouted new research disciplines in chemistry and nanoscience and precipitated intense interest to search for other similar stable clusters. However, despite major research efforts, no other analogous gas-phase clusters have been found and yielded to bulk syntheses. In this article, we review our recent discoveries in cluster beam experiments of stannaspherene (Sn-12(2-)) and plumbaspherene (Pb-12(2-)), which are highly stable and symmetric cage clusters. The names for these two clusters derive from their icosahedral (I-h) symmetry and delocalized spherical pi-bonding that are characteristics of buckminsterfullerene C-60. Stannaspherene and plumbaspherene have diameters comparable to that of C-60 and can be considered as inorganic analogues of the buckyball. The large internal space in Sn-12(2-) has been shown to be able to trap any transition metal atom to form new endohedral cage clusters, M@Sn-12(2-), analogous to endohedral fullerenes. The doped atom in M@Sn-12(2-) keeps its quasi-atomic nature with large magnetic moments. These endohedral cages form a rich class of new building blocks for cluster-assembled materials with tunable magnetic, electronic, and chemical properties. During our attempt to synthesize endohedral stannaspherenes, we crystallized a new Pd-2@Sn-18(4-) cluster, which can be viewed as the fusion of two Pd@Sn-12(2-) clusters. This result suggests that stannaspherene, plumbaspherene, and a large number of their endohedrally doped species can be synthesized in the bulk. C1 [Wang, Lai-Sheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cui, Li-Feng] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, MS K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 118 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 139 EP 166 DI 10.1080/01442350701791256 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 266FE UT WOS:000253419100005 ER PT B AU Difiglio, C AF Difiglio, Carmen BE Ragaini, R TI REDUCING THE GROWTH OF MOTOR VEHICLE CO2 EMISSIONS THROUGH 2050: EFFICIENCY, LOW-EMISSION FUELS AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 38TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY AB This paper outlines the most promising technological approaches to reduce motor vehicle CO2 emissions. Three classes of technologies are reviewed: improved vehicle efficiency using conventional technologies, advanced-vehicle technologies and low CO2 emission fuels. Using the IEA/DOE Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model, market uptake and CO2 savings are estimated for different technology and policy scenarios. While the ETP model is a 15 world region model, results are presented for 7 geographic areas and world-wide. For all scenarios, world-wide CO2 emissions increase (through 2050). Nonetheless, the CO2 savings of the advanced-technology scenarios are substantial and highlight the importance to achieve the lowest feasible level of transport emissions, even if they are still increasing under the most optimistic scenarios. We conclude that energy efficiency through fuel economy regulation is one of the most effective ways to reduce motor vehicle CO2 emissions. Very significant savings are achieved without increasing social Cost. CO2 taxes contribute relatively little after action is taken to regulate fuel efficiency since even large CO2 taxes constitute a relatively small fraction of motor vehicle operating costs. Biofuels can make a contribution but it is relatively small compared to fuel efficiency. Nonetheless, biofuel use will remain an important worldwide energy strategy because it directly addresses nations' energy security by reducing dependence on oil imports. C1 [Difiglio, Carmen] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-463-8 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2008 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1142/9789812834645_0015 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Public Administration GA BIJ75 UT WOS:000260159500015 ER PT B AU Rosenfeld, AH Akbari, H AF Rosenfeld, Arthur H. Akbari, Hashem BE Ragaini, R TI COOL URBAN SURFACES AND GLOBAL WARMING SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES - 38TH SESSION SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: NUCLEAR STRATEGY AND PEACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Rosenfeld, Arthur H.; Akbari, Hashem] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-463-8 J9 SCI CULT NUCL STRAT PY 2008 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1142/9789812834645_0017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Public Administration GA BIJ75 UT WOS:000260159500017 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Wing, WR Hicks, SE Poole, SW Denap, FA Carter, SM Wu, Q AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Wing, William R. Hicks, Susan E. Poole, Stephen W. Denap, Frank A. Carter, Steven M. Wu, Qishi BE Brooks, RR Phoha, VV Rao, NSV Wu, Q Zhu, M TI UltraScience Net: High-performance network research test-bed SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN COMPUTER AND SENSOR NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS: IN CELEBRATION OF 60TH BIRTHDAY OF PROF. S. SITHARAMA IYENGAR FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENCE OF COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Computer and Sensor Networks and Systems CY APR 07-JUL 11, 2008 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE network test-bed; dedicated channels; SONET; 10GigE WAN-PHY; control-plane; data-plane; bandwidth scheduler AB UltraScience Net is a national-scale network test-bed to support the development of high-performance networking technologies for large-scale applications. It provides dynamic, dedicated, high-bandwidth channels for large data transfers, and stable high-precision channels for fine control operations. Its data-plane consists of 8,600 miles of cross-country dual OC192 backbone connections, and its control-plane is implemented using hardware VPNs. In terms of infrastructure, it demonstrated the following capabilities: (i) ability to build and operate stable national-scale switched networks, (ii) provisioning of suites of 1 and 10 Gbps connections of various lengths up to 35,000 and 8,600 miles, respectively through automated scripts (iii) secure control-plane for signaling and management operations, and (iv) bandwidth scheduler for in-advance connection reservation and provisioning. Structured and systematic experiments were conducted on this network facility to accomplish the following tasks: (i) performance analysis and peering of layer 1-3 connections as well as their hybrid concatenations, (ii) scalability analysis of Infiniband transport over wide-area connections of thousands of miles, (iii) diagnosis of TCP performance problems in using dedicated connections to supercomputers, (iv) development of transport methods for dedicated connections, and (v) detailed TCP performance analysis of wide-area application acceleration devices. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Wing, William R.; Hicks, Susan E.; Poole, Stephen W.; Denap, Frank A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AARDVARK GLOBAL PUBL, LLC PI SALT LAKE CITY PA 9587 SO GRANDVIEW DR, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84092 USA BN 978-1-4276-2980-7 PY 2008 BP 636 EP 643 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX38 UT WOS:000257195200099 ER PT S AU Bishop, AR AF Bishop, A. R. BE Oyanagi, H Eisaki, H TI HTC oxides: a collusion of spin, charge and lattice SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LATTICE EFFECTS IN CUPRATE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (LEHTSC2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lattice Effects in Cuprate High Temperature Superconductors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2007 CL Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, JAPAN SP RDEC Co Ltd, NAGASE Elect Equipment Serv Co Ltd, NIKI Glass Co Ltd, IQUANTUM Corp, Electro Lab HO Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol ID THIN-FILM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; MODEL; PRESSURE; GLASS AB We briefly summarize a perspective on high-temperature oxide superconductors (HTC) as systems of intrinsic, functional, and connected spatial scales, with an associated set of temporal scales. We emphasize the importance of local bonding constraints, leading to a framework of coexisting short- and long-range fields, as the source of multiscale systems in HTC and many other strongly correlated materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bishop, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM arb@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 108 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/108/1/012027 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIP23 UT WOS:000261516600027 ER PT S AU de Leon, JM Mena, JM Bishop, AR AF de Leon, J. Mustre Mena, J. Miranda Bishop, A. R. BE Oyanagi, H Eisaki, H TI Microstrain and polaronic correlation in a model system SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LATTICE EFFECTS IN CUPRATE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (LEHTSC2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lattice Effects in Cuprate High Temperature Superconductors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2007 CL Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, JAPAN SP RDEC Co Ltd, NAGASE Elect Equipment Serv Co Ltd, NIKI Glass Co Ltd, IQUANTUM Corp, Electro Lab HO Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7; STRAIN AB We have studied the effect that variations of the local microstrain have on the polaronic correlation function obtained from the exact diagonalization of a simple model Hamiltonian. Although the correlation function exhibits a monotonic behavior as a function of the hole hopping parameter, and thus microstrain, its isotopic shift exhibits a maximum for specific values of t. This result suggests that if there is a coupling between polaronic objects and free carriers, coexisting in high-T-c cuprate superconductors, then this will manifest not only in the superconducting transition, but also on the properties directly related to the polaron formation in these materials. C1 [de Leon, J. Mustre] Cinvestav Merida, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97300, Mexico. [Mena, J. Miranda] Josef Stefan Inst, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP de Leon, JM (reprint author), Cinvestav Merida, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97300, Mexico. EM mustre@mda.cinvestav.mx FU CONACyT-Mexico [48771] FX JML acknowledges support of CONACyT-Mexico through grant 48771. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 108 AR 012020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/108/1/012020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIP23 UT WOS:000261516600020 ER PT S AU Yin, WG Ku, W AF Yin, W-G Ku, W. BE Oyanagi, H Eisaki, H TI A novel first-principles approach to effective Hamiltonians for high T(c) superconducting cuprates SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LATTICE EFFECTS IN CUPRATE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (LEHTSC2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lattice Effects in Cuprate High Temperature Superconductors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2007 CL Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, JAPAN SP RDEC Co Ltd, NAGASE Elect Equipment Serv Co Ltd, NIKI Glass Co Ltd, IQUANTUM Corp, Electro Lab HO Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; CUO2 PLANES; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; HOLE; SR2CUO2CL2; DISPERSION AB We report our recent progress of deriving the low-energy effective one-band Hamiltonians for the prototypical cuprate superconductor Ca(2)CuO(2)Cl(2), based on a newly developed first-principles Wannier-states approach that takes into account large on-site Coulomb repulsion. The apical atom p(z) state is found to affect the general properties of the low-energy hole state, namely the Zhang-Rice singlet, via additional intra-sublattice hoppings, nearest-neighbor "super-repulsion," and other microscopic many-body processes. C1 [Yin, W-G; Ku, W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yin, WG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wyin@bnl.gov RI Yin, Weiguo/A-9671-2014 OI Yin, Weiguo/0000-0002-4965-5329 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 108 AR 012032 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/108/1/012032 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIP23 UT WOS:000261516600032 ER PT S AU de Felici, M Siegbahn, EA Spiga, J Hanson, AL Felici, R Ferrero, C Tartari, A Gambaccini, M Keyrilainen, J Brauer-Krisch, E Randaccio, P Bravin, A AF de Felici, M. Siegbahn, E. A. Spiga, J. Hanson, A. L. Felici, R. Ferrero, C. Tartari, A. Gambaccini, M. Keyrilaeinen, J. Braeuer-Krisch, E. Randaccio, P. Bravin, A. BA Verhaegen, F Seuntjens, J BF Verhaegen, F Seuntjens, J TI Monte Carlo code comparison of dose delivery prediction for Microbeam Radiation Therapy SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MONTE CARLO TECHNIQUES IN RADIOTHERAPY DELIVERY AND VERIFICATION - THIRD MCGILL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiotherapy Delivery and Verification CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL McGill Univ, Montreal, CANADA HO McGill Univ AB Preclinical Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) research programs are carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and at a few other synchrotron facilities. MRT needs an accurate evaluation of the doses delivered to biological tissues for carrying out pre-clinical studies. This point is crucial for determining the effect induced by changing any of the physical irradiation parameters. The doses of interest in MRT are normally calculated using Monte Carlo (MC) methods. A few MC packages have been used in the last decade for MRT dose evaluations in independent studies. The aim of this investigation is to provide a preliminary basis to perform a systematic comparison of the dose results obtained, under identical irradiation conditions and for the same scoring geometries with the following five MC codes: EGS4, PENELOPE, GEANT4, EGSnrc, and MCNPX. Dose profiles have been calculated in an in-depth region of cylindrical phantoms made of water or PMMA. Beams in both cylindrical and planar geometry have been considered. This comparison shows an overall agreement among the different codes although minor differences occur, which need further investigations. C1 [de Felici, M.; Tartari, A.; Gambaccini, M.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [de Felici, M.] CNR INFM Operat Grp Grenoble, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [de Felici, M.; Siegbahn, E. A.; Spiga, J.; Felici, R.; Ferrero, C.; Keyrilaeinen, J.; Braeuer-Krisch, E.; Bravin, A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Spiga, J.; Randaccio, P.] Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. [Spiga, J.; Randaccio, P.] INFN Cagliari, Dept Phys, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. [Hanson, A. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP de Felici, M (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM felici@esrf.fr RI Bravin, Alberto/R-8633-2016; OI Bravin, Alberto/0000-0001-6868-2755; Siegbahn, Albert/0000-0002-1491-487X NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 102 AR UNSP 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/102/1/012005 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSF47 UT WOS:000284328500005 ER PT S AU Somma, RD Batista, CD Ortiz, G AF Somma, R. D. Batista, C. D. Ortiz, G. BE Hukushima, K Kabashima, Y Nishimori, H Tanaka, T TI Optimization and thermodynamics of classical problems from a quantum perspective SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL INFORMATICS 2007 (IW-SMI 2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Statistical-Mechanical Informatics CY SEP 16-19, 2007-2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB We present two approaches to study the thermodynan-dc properties of d-dimensional classical systems in equilibrium. In the first approach we reduce this problem to the computation of the ground state properties of a d-dimensional quantum model. This classical-to-quanturn mapping allows us to extend the scope of standard optimization methods by unifying them under a general framework. Particularly, we extend the quantum annealing method to study classical systems at finite temperatures. We derive the rates to assure convergence to the optimal thermodynamic state using the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. In the second approach we present a quantum algorithm that performs numerical integration and computes, for example, the partition function of the system under study. We show that this quantum algorithm provides a quadratic speed-up with respect to the classical algorithm that samples with the uniform distribution and computes physical quantities of interest. Other quantum strategies, as well as their potential speed-up, are also discussed. C1 [Somma, R. D.] Perimeter Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 2V5, Canada. [Batista, C. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ortiz, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Somma, RD (reprint author), Perimeter Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 2V5, Canada. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 FU NSA [DEAC52-06NA25396]; US DOE at LANL [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX We are thankful to H. Barnum, E. Knill, H. Nishimori, and F. Verstraete for useful discussions. This work was carried out under the auspices of the NSA of the US DOE at LANL under Contract No. DEAC52- 06NA25396. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 95 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/95/1/012020 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHY90 UT WOS:000257510700021 ER PT S AU Hershcovitch, A Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kropachev, GN Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Masunov, ES Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Polozov, SM Poole, HJ Rudskoy, I Seleznev, DN Storozhenko, PA Svarovski, AY Yushkov, GY AF Hershcovitch, A. Batalin, V. A. Bugaev, A. S. Gushenets, V. I. Johnson, B. M. Kolomiets, A. A. Kropachev, G. N. Kuibeda, R. P. Kulevoy, T. V. Masunov, E. S. Oks, E. M. Pershin, V. I. Petrenko, S. V. Polozov, S. M. Poole, H. J. Rudskoy, I. Seleznev, D. N. Storozhenko, P. A. Svarovski, A. Ya. Yushkov, G. Yu. BE Seebauer, EG Kondratenko, YV Felch, SB Jain, A TI Sources for Low Energy Extreme of Ion Implantation SO ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Plansee, Evans Analyt Grp, Varian Semicond Equipment, ATMI, Axcelis Technologies, KLA Tencor, Matheson Tri Gas, Nissin Ion Equipment, SEN Corp, Adv Ion Beam Technol, Cameca, Core Syst, High Voltage Engn, Innovion, Mattson, Praxair, Amer Vacuum Soc DE ion sources for ion implantation ID ELECTRON-BEAM ENHANCEMENT AB A joint research and development effort focusing on the design of steady state, intense ion sources has been in progress for the past four and a half years. The ultimate goal is to meet the two, energy extreme range needs of megaelectron-volt and 100's of electron-volt ion implanters. This endeavor has resulted in record steady state output currents of higher charge state Antimony and Phosphorous ions: p(2+) (8.6 pmA), p(3+) (1.9 pmA), and p(4+) (0.12 pmA) and 16.2, 7.6, 3.3, and 2.2 pmA of Sb3+ Sb4+, Sb5+, and Sb6+ respectively. During the past year the effort was channeled towards low energy implantation, for which the effort involved molecular ions and a novel plasmaless/gasless deceleration method. To date, 3 emA of positive Decaborane ions were extracted at 14 keV and a smaller current of negative Decaborane ions,were also extracted. Additionally, a Boron fraction of over 70% was extracted from a Bernas-Calutron ion source. C1 [Hershcovitch, A.; Johnson, B. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Batalin, V. A.; Kolomiets, A. A.; Kropachev, G. N.; Kuibeda, R. P.; Kulevoy, T. V.; Pershin, V. I.; Petrenko, S. V.; Rudskoy, I.; Seleznev, D. N.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bugaev, A. S.; Gushenets, V. I.; Oks, E. M.; Yushkov, G. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Masunov, E. S.; Polozov, S. M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Poole, H. J.] PVI, Oxnard, CA 93042 USA. [Storozhenko, P. A.] State Res Inst Chem & Technol Organoelement Cpds, Moscow 111123, Russia. [Svarovski, A. Ya.] Siberian Div Russian Natl Res Ctr, AA Bochvara Sci Res Inst Inorgan Mat, Seversk 636070, Russia. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 FU U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX One of the authors (A.H) is grateful to V.Benveniste, K. Saadatmand, B. Vanderberg, M. Graf, J. Poate W. DiVeriglio, R. Rathmell, P. Sphnter, And M. Sieradzki, and A. Perel for many stimulating and very useful discussions. Work is supported by research contracts between BNL and HCEI with ITEP under the IPP Trust-2 program and by the U.S. Department of Energy. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the US Department of Energy. The Untied States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for pubhcation, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the pubhshed form of this manuscript, or others to do so, for the United States Government purposes NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0597-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 328 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIU78 UT WOS:000262960800078 ER PT J AU Dowley, LJ Grant, J Griffin, D AF Dowley, L. J. Grant, J. Griffin, D. TI Yield losses caused by late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in potato crops in Ireland SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE late blight; losses; Phytophthora infestans; yield ID REPUBLIC-OF-IRELAND; MATING-TYPE; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS AB Field experiments, using foliage blight susceptible cultivars, were conducted at Oak Park, Carlow from 1983 to 2007 to determine the loss in potato production caused by crop infection with Phytophthora infestans. In each of the 25 years an untreated control was compared with protectant and with systemic fungicide programmes to determine the effect of late blight on the defoliation percentage at the end of the season, the area under the disease progress curve, marketable tuber yield, total tuber yield and yield of blighted tubers. The earliest date of first recorded late blight was 22 June and the latest was 15 September, but in 15 of the 25 years, blight was first recorded between 17 July and 13 August. Disease reached epidemic proportions in all but 4 of the years. Yields varied considerably among years. The mean loss in total yield from not using a fungicide was 10.1 t/ha. Differences in yield were significant across the 25 seasons. No overall increase in aggressiveness of the pathogen could be detected over the 25-year period. C1 [Dowley, L. J.; Griffin, D.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Dept, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. [Grant, J.] TEAGASC, Hort Res Ctr, Kinsealy, Dublin, Ireland. RP Dowley, LJ (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Dept, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. EM leslie.dowley@teagasc.ie NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 394AI UT WOS:000262417200006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TF Connery, J AF Kennedy, T. F. Connery, J. TI An investigation of seed treatments for the control of crow damage to newly-sown wheat SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crows; grain yield; plant population; seed treatment ID NEWLY PLANTED RICE; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; BIRD REPELLENT; METHIOCARB; CORN AB Seed treatments for the control of crow damage to seed and seedling in winter and spring wheat were evaluated in field trials from 2004 to 2007. Treatments included six fungicides, three insecticides, a product marketed as a bird repellent and three potential repellents. Various rates of selected compounds were investigated. Winter wheat was sown in December and spring wheat in late-January to mid-February. Sowing depth was 2 to 4 cm while some selected treatments were also sown at a depth of 5 to 8 cm. Crow damage was assessed by plant density and grain yield. Severe damage by crows was recorded. The plant population from untreated spring wheat seed in 2004, 2005 and 2006 was reduced by 59%, 69% and 89%, respectively. The corresponding reductions caused by crows to winter wheat sown in 2004, 2005 and 2006 were 96%, 88% and 96%. Best control of crow damage was provided by the fungicide Thiram. Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seed reduced crow damage and increased plant density in the range 42 to 70% and 36 to 57%, respectively, for spring and winter wheat when compared with untreated seed. Anchor, which contains the fungicides Thiram and Carboxin, also gave reasonably good control. The commonly used fungicide product Panoctine gave poor control of crow damage. Other treatments investigated were ineffective in controlling damage. Increasing the sowing depth to more than 4.6 cm significantly reduced damage to both treated and untreated seed when compared with similar treatments sown less deep. C1 [Kennedy, T. F.; Connery, J.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Kennedy, TF (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM tom.kennedy@teagasc.ie NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 394AI UT WOS:000262417200007 ER PT J AU Conaghan, P O'Kiely, P Howard, H O'Mara, FP Halling, MA AF Conaghan, P. O'Kiely, P. Howard, H. O'Mara, F. P. Halling, M. A. TI Evaluation of Lolium perenne L. cv. AberDart and AberDove for silage production SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ensilability; nutritional value; perennial ryegrass; water-soluble carbohydrate; yield ID OLD PERMANENT GRASSLAND; CONTINUOUS STOCKING; RYEGRASS VARIETIES; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; ENVIRONMENT; FORAGES; HERBAGE; YIELD; SHEEP; MORPHOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to assess the value, for silage production, of intermediate-heading Lolium perenne L. cultivars, AberDart and AberDove (diploid), bred for increased water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations, relative to four control cultivars (Fennema, AberElan and Spelga (diploid), and Greengold (tetraploid)). Cultivars were evaluated for forage dry matter (DM) yield, ground cover and indirect laboratory measures of nutritional value and ensilability over 3 harvest years within intensive silage-production systems. AberDove was the most desirable diploid for silage production producing on average 316 kg/ha higher (2%) DM yield per annum, having a 10 g/kg higher (1%) dry matter digestibility (DMD) and, based primarily on a 6 g/L higher (19,70) concentration of WSC expressed in the aqueous extract (WSC(AE)), offered the greatest potential to produce well preserved silage. Ensiling AberDart compared to the diploid controls offered a slightly greater probability of producing well preserved silage based on a modest increase of 2 g/L (6%) in WSC(AE) concentration. The dilemma for silage production is that AberDart, on average produced 558 kg/ha less (4%) DM yield per annum but had a greater (1%) DMD of 6 g/kg than the diploid controls. The tetraploid control had, on average, 13 and 8 g/kg higher (2% and 1%, respectively) DMD than AberDart and AberDove, but at a cost of lower ensilability with lower (6% and 21%, respectively) WSC(AE) values of 2 and 6 g/L. In its favour, the tetraploid control outyielded AberDart by, on average, 917 kg/ha DM per annum (7%) and produced comparable yields to AberDove. Final ground cover ratings were high (>= 95%) for all cultivars. Evaluation of nutritional value and ensilability offers further grounds to differentiate and select cultivars for animal production potential. C1 [Conaghan, P.; O'Kiely, P.; Howard, H.] TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland. [Conaghan, P.; Howard, H.; O'Mara, F. P.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Halling, M. A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, SE-05007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Conaghan, P (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM patrick.conaghan@teagasc.ie NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 476AM UT WOS:000268409100002 ER PT S AU Oks, EM Yu, G Anders, A AF Oks, E. M. Yushkov, G. Yu. Anders, A. GP IEEE TI A Summary of Recent Experimental Research on Ion Energy and Charge States of Pulsed Vacuum Arcs SO ISDEIV 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXIIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn ID PLASMAS AB The paper reviews the results of vacuum arc experimental investigations made collaboratively by research groups from Berkeley and Tomsk over the last two years, i.e. since the last ISDEIV in 2006. Vacuum arc plasma of various metals was produced in pulses of a few hundred microseconds duration, and the research focussed on three topics: (i) the energy distribution functions for different ion charge states, (ii) the temporal development of the ion charge state distribution, and (iii) the evolution of the mean directed ion velocities during plasma expansion. A combined quadruple mass-to-charge and energy analyzer (EQP by HIDEN Ltd) and a time-of-flight spectrometer were employed. Cross-checking data by those complimentary techniques helped to avoid possible pitfalls in interpretation. It was found that the ion energy distribution functions in the plasma were independent of the ion charge state, which implies that the energy distribution on a substrate are not equal to due to acceleration in the substrate's sheath. In pulsed arc mode, the individual ion charge states fractions showed changes leading to a decrease of the mean charge state toward a steady-state value. This decrease can be reduced by lower arc current, higher pulse repetition rate and reduced length of the discharge gap. It was also found that the directed ion velocity slightly decreased as the plasma expanded into vacuum. C1 [Oks, E. M.] State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Yushkov, G. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Anders, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oks, EM (reprint author), State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015; Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058; Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 FU US Department of Energy [LBNL-T2-0196]; DOE [AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Ian Brown (Berkeley Lab) for his continued interest and fruitful discussions. The work is supported by the US Department of Energy, IPP program, project LBNL-T2-0196, and under DOE contract AC02-05CH11231 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 978-973-755-382-9 J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2008 BP 314 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIP43 UT WOS:000261588200078 ER PT S AU Yushkov, GY Anders, A AF Yushkov, G. Yu. Anders, A. GP IEEE TI High Charge State Ions Extracted from Metal Plasmas in the Transition Regime from Vacuum Spark to High Current Vacuum Arc SO ISDEIV 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXIIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Metal ions were extracted from pulsed discharge plasmas operating in the transition region between vacuum spark (transient high voltage of kV) and vacuum arc (arc voltage similar to 20 V). At a peak current of about 4 kA, and with a pulse duration of 8 mu s, we observed mean ion charges states of about 6 for several cathode materials. In the case of platinum, the highest average charge state was 6.74 with ions of charge states as high as 10 present. For gold we found traces of charge state 11, with the highest average charge state of 7.25. At currents higher than 5 kA, non-metallic contaminations started to dominate the ion beam, preventing further enhancement of the metal charge states. C1 [Yushkov, G. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Anders, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yushkov, GY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM GYushkov@opee.HCEl.tsc.ru RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015; OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 FU US Department of Energy [LBNL-T2-0196]; DOE [AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank Prof. Efim Oks and Dr. Thomas Schlke for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, IPP program, project LBNL-T2-0196, and under DOE contract AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 978-973-755-382-9 J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2008 BP 341 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIP43 UT WOS:000261588200085 ER PT S AU Kobayashi, K Hanada, M Kamada, M Akino, N Sasaki, S Ikeda, Y Takahashi, M Yamano, Y Kobayashi, S Grisham, LR AF Kobayashi, K. Hanada, M. Kamada, M. Akino, N. Sasaki, S. Ikeda, Y. Takahashi, M. Yamano, Y. Kobayashi, S. Grisham, L. R. GP IEEE TI Conditioning Characteristics of DC500kV Large Electrostatic Accelerator in Negative-Ion Based NBI on JT-60U SO ISDEIV 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXIIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn AB Voltage holding capability of a 500kV, 22A three-stage electrostatic accelerator, where large-area grids of 0.28 m(2) and large FRP insulators of 1.0 m in diameter are used, was examined. High voltage was independently applied to each of acceleration stage. The voltage holding capabilities of 130 kV were obtained for each acceleration stage. Namely, there is no particular weak stage for voltage holding capability. To identify the breakdown location in each stage, the grids were removed. Breakdown voltages without grids, i.e., for the FRP insulator itself reached 170 kV, that is the design value for each stage. These results show that the breakdown voltage of the accelerator was mainly determined by the vacuum gap between the large-area grids. In this paper, the influence of non-uniform electric field and multi-stage grids on the voltage holding capabilities was also discussed. C1 [Kobayashi, K.; Hanada, M.; Kamada, M.; Akino, N.; Sasaki, S.; Ikeda, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Takahashi, M.; Yamano, Y.; Kobayashi, S.] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Grisham, L. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kobayashi.kaoru@jaea.go.jp NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 978-973-755-382-9 J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2008 BP 541 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIP43 UT WOS:000261588200135 ER PT S AU Tanaka, Y Ikeda, Y Hanada, M Kobayashi, K Kamada, M Kisaki, M Akino, N Yamano, Y Kobayashi, S Grisham, LR AF Tanaka, Y. Ikeda, Y. Hanada, M. Kobayashi, K. Kamada, M. Kisaki, M. Akino, N. Yamano, Y. Kobayashi, S. Grisham, L. R. GP IEEE TI Energy Spectra of X-ray Emitted from Surface of FRP Insulator SO ISDEIV 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXIIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn AB Energy spectra of X-ray emitted from the surface of the FRP insulator were measured for 3 different positions and compared with those of the vacuum gap between electrodes. Near the anode, X-ray spectrum was dominated by the monoenergetic electron. Near the cathode, spectrum peak shifted to low energy compared with that near the anode. This result showed that a large amount of low energy electrons was generated on the surface of the FRP insulator near the cathode. C1 [Tanaka, Y.; Ikeda, Y.; Hanada, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Kamada, M.; Akino, N.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Kisaki, M.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Yamano, Y.; Kobayashi, S.] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Grisham, L. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tanaka, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM tanaka.yutaka@jaea.go.jp NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 978-973-755-382-9 J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2008 BP 545 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIP43 UT WOS:000261588200136 ER PT S AU Anders, A Andersson, J AF Anders, Andre Andersson, Joakim GP IEEE TI Sputtering in Vacuum: A Technology for Ultraclean Metallization and Space Propulsion SO ISDEIV 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXIIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn ID PULSED-MAGNETRON DISCHARGE; PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION FLUX; ARC; EROSION AB Sputtering is a well known coatings technology belonging to the group of physical vapor technologies. In contrast to cathodic arcs, sputtering can easily be scaled and does not produce the unwanted, "infamous" macroparticles. Sputtering is conventionally done in the presence of a sputtering gas such as argon. For reactive deposition, argon is mixed with reactive gases such as nitrogen (for nitrides) or oxygen (for oxides). In this contribution we will report about a new development that allows sputtering in high or even ultrahigh vacuum to occur, without the addition of any gas at any time. This "gasless sputtering" enables the deposition of ultraclean metal coatings, in which even trace amounts of argon can be avoided. The key "ingredients" for gasless sputtering to work is (i) providing a short pulsed plasma flow aiming onto the magnetron target, and (ii) provide enough voltage (and power) to the magnetron that the discharge can run away into the so-called sustained self-sputtering (SSS) mode. We will describe the physical principles of operation, and outline further uses of the hardware, such as thrusters for space propulsion. C1 [Anders, Andre; Andersson, Joakim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AAnders@lbl.gov; Joakim.Andersson@fysik.uu.se RI Andersson, Joakim/A-3017-2009; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Andersson, Joakim/0000-0003-2991-1927; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 978-973-755-382-9 J9 P INT SYMP DISCH EL PY 2008 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIP43 UT WOS:000261588200140 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Wen, GH Tang, P Sridhar, S AF Zhang, Zuotai Wen, Guanghua Tang, Ping Sridhar, Seetharaman TI The influence of Al(2)/SiO(2) ratio on the viscosity of mold fluxes SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE TRIP steel; mold fluxes; X(Al2O3)/X(SiO2) ratio; viscosity ID TRANSFORMATION-INDUCED-PLASTICITY; SILICATE MELTS; TRIP STEELS; SLAGS; BEHAVIOR; AL2O3; ALUMINUM; CAF2 AB The present paper investigates how the X(Al2O3)/X(SiO2) ratio in mold siag compositions in a range between 0.06 and 2.14 influences the viscosity of the melt. The objective was to study the variation in viscosity of mould slags if they get enriched in Al(2)O(3) as a result of reactions during continuous casting with high Al containing steel melts for manufacturing TRIP steels. The viscosity was found to increase with increasing X(Al2O3)/X(SiO2) ratio but a change in the degree of increase was noted at a ratio of 0.57 The effect of increasing temperature was investigated and it was shown that viscosity decreased, as expected, with increasing temperature. An available model in literature for predicting the mold-slag viscosity was empirically modified to account for high Al(2)O(3) contents investigated in this study. Increasing X(Al2O3)/X(SiO2) did not appear to influence the vaporization loss of F but increasing the ratio did influence crystallization by promoting the precipitation of CaF(2) during slow cooling of samples with a high X(Al2O3)/X(SiO2) ratio (0.84 and 2.14). C1 [Zhang, Zuotai; Wen, Guanghua; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wen, Guanghua; Tang, Ping] Chongqing Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Zhang, ZT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sridhars@andrew.cmu.edu RI Zhang, Zuotai/B-1030-2012 OI Zhang, Zuotai/0000-0002-3580-6018 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA NIIKURA BLDG 2F, 2 KANDA-TSUKASACHO 2-CHOME, TOKYO, CHIYODA-KU 101-0048, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.48.739 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 318LN UT WOS:000257093300003 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, N Nabeshima, S Kishimoto, Y Sridhar, S AF Kikuchi, Naoki Nabeshima, Seiji Kishimoto, Yasuo Sridhar, Seetharaman TI Micro-structure refinement in low carbon high manganese steels through Ti-deoxidation - Inclusion precipitation and solidification structure SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE low-carbon steel; de-oxidation; titanium; cooling-rate; inclusion precipitation; solidification microstructure ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; ACICULAR FERRITE; WELD METALS; AUSTENITE GRAIN; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; OXYGEN; OXIDE; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFUSION AB The substitution of Al by Ti as a de-oxidizing agent in a carbon (0.07 wt%) and Mn (0-9 wt%) containing steel was studied for two purposes. The first one was to establish whether inclusion precipitation during solidification (secondary de-oxidation) can be promoted. The second purpose was to investigate the influence of secondary inclusions on the subsequent evolution of the steel solidification-structure, varying initial oxygen and titanium contents along with cooling rate during solidification. In the Ti-killed steel samples, the oxide inclusions were identified as MnO-TiO2 (0.5-5 mu m) and MnS (1-3 mu m) in the samples with the higher initial oxygen contents (Total Oxygen (TO)=50-80 ppm) while Ti-Al-(Mg)-O (0.3-1 mu m) in the samples with the lower oxygen contents (T.O=7-10ppm). Comparing with thermodynamic calculations, the latter inclusions are considered to be the result of solely secondary de-oxidation precipitated in the inter-dendrite regions. For the high initial oxygen content, the inclusions were found as a result of both primary and secondary de-oxidation. The influence of cooling rate during solidification was investigated by controlling the cooling rate between 3-10 K/s by using different molds in a vacuum induction furnace. In addition, cooling rates were controlled at 1.1, 14 and 84 K/s by re-melting the samples in a gold-image furnace attached to a Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM). An increase in the cooling rate resulted in an increase in the inclusion density in the Ti-killed samples while such an effect was not observed in the Al-killed sample. The secondary particle sizes for the Ti-killed sample predicted by a solute segregation model during solidification agreed well with the observed average particle sizes. In the Ti-killed samples, the solidification structure was finer with increasing density of inclusions below 1 mu m, whereas such an effect was not observed in the Al-killed samples. C1 [Kikuchi, Naoki; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nabeshima, Seiji; Kishimoto, Yasuo] JFE Steel Corp, Steelmaking Dept, Steel Res Lab, Hiroshima 8218510, Japan. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kikuchi, N (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 BP 934 EP 943 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.48.934 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330IJ UT WOS:000257933900009 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, N Nabeshima, S Kishimoto, Y Nakano, J Sridhar, S AF Kikuchi, Naoki Nabeshima, Seiji Kishimoto, Yasuo Nakano, Jinichiro Sridhar, Seetharaman TI Interface migration behavior of the delta ->gamma interface in low carbon high manganese steel samples de-oxidized with Ti or Al SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE low-carbon steel; de-oxidation; aluminum; titanium; inclusion; delta-ferrite; austenite; confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy; phase transformation; grain growth ID IN-SITU OBSERVATION; AUSTENITE GRAIN; SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURE; INCLUSION PARTICLES; TRANSFORMATION; OXYGEN; OXIDE; INSTABILITY; OXIDATION; FERRITE AB The effect of inclusions, generated during de-oxidation and solidification, of low carbon (0.07wt%) and high manganese (0.9wt%) steels, on the rates of migrations of the boundaries between delta-ferrite/gamma-austenite interfaces, during austenite formation was investigated. The presence of two types of de-oxidation products were investigated, namely Al2O3 (1-3 mu m) in Al-killed steel samples, and Ti-Al-(Mg)-O (0.3-1 mu m) in Ti-killed steel samples. The samples were prepared in a vacuum-induction furnace and a Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope was used to image in real time the interface movement on the surface of the samples. Austenite was found to precipitate at the triple-points of the delta-ferrite grain boundaries during cooling from 1500 to 1460 and 1450 degrees C and the growth appeared to be diffusion controlled. The migration rates of delta/gamma interfacial boundaries were higher in the Al-killed steel samples than in the Ti-killed steel samples and this is attributed to the finer oxide particle population in the latter. When the samples were cooled to 1440 degrees C and below sword-like precipitation was observed in all samples that grew at a higher rate than what was observed at higher temperatures and the growth appeared to have linear time dependence, and thus the process appears to not be governed by long range diffusion. C1 [Kikuchi, Naoki; Nakano, Jinichiro; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nabeshima, Seiji; Kishimoto, Yasuo] JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Steelmaking Dept, Hiroshima 8218510, Japan. [Nakano, Jinichiro; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kikuchi, N (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM nkikuchi@andrew.cmu.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA TEKKO KAIKAN-5F, 3-2-10, NIHONBASHI-KAYABACHO, TOKYO, CHUO-KU 103-0025, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 EI 1347-5460 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2008 VL 48 IS 7 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.48.954 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330IJ UT WOS:000257933900011 ER PT J AU Pereloma, EV Gazder, AA Jonas, JJ Miller, MK Davies, CHJ AF Pereloma, Elena V. Gazder, Azdiar A. Jonas, John J. Miller, Michael K. Davies, Christopher H. J. TI Effect of Processing Schedule on the Microstructure and Texture of 0.78wt% Cr Extra-low-carbon Steel SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE extra-low carbon steel; warm rolling; atom probe tomography; texture; C segregation ID FERRITE ROLLING TEMPERATURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES; IF STEELS; DEFORMATION; ADDITIONS; EVOLUTION; CHROMIUM; IRON AB An extra-low-carbon steel was alloyed with 0.78wt% Cr and subjected to three different processing schedules involving: (i) warm rolling to 65 % reduction at 640 degrees C, (ii) warm rolling to 80 % reduction at 580 degrees C and (iii) warm rolling to 65 % reduction at 640 degrees C followed by cold rolling to 40 % reduction. Increasing the severity of the deformation resulted in an increase in the number of grains containing in-grain shear bands. X-ray bulk texture analysis indicates that the gamma-fibre intensity was slightly higher in the steel warm rolled at 580 degrees C than at 640 degrees C and after cold rolling. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography revealed that Cr carbides were formed after all processing schedules. Carbon segregation to dislocations was also observed. Although the addition of 0.78 wt% Cr produced a volume fraction of carbides that was three orders of magnitude higher than those previously observed in 0.48wt% Cr steels, a significant amount of solute Cr remained confined in the matrix and did not lead to any further depletion of the solute carbon. C1 [Pereloma, Elena V.; Gazder, Azdiar A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mechatron Engn, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Jonas, John J.] McGill Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. [Miller, Michael K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Davies, Christopher H. J.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Pereloma, EV (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mechatron Engn, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RI Davies, Chris/A-2391-2009 OI Davies, Chris/0000-0001-8910-7426 FU Australian Research Council grant [DP0663511]; Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (MKM, EVP) FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DP0663511. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (MKM, EVP). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2008 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1443 EP 1450 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.48.1443 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365JN UT WOS:000260402300019 ER PT J AU Horita, J Rozanski, K Cohen, S AF Horita, Juske Rozanski, Kazimierz Cohen, Shabtai TI Isotope effects in the evaporation of water: a status report of the Craig-Gordon model SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Isotope Effects in Evaportation CY MAY 03-05, 2006 CL Natl Council Res, Inst Geosci & Geosources, Pisa, ITALY SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, Univ Pisa, Weizmann Inst Sci, United Nations Educ Sci, Int Assoc Hydrolog Sci HO Natl Council Res, Inst Geosci & Geosources DE Craig-Gordon model; evaporation; hydrogen-2; isotope effects; oxygen-18; water cycle ID AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; LEAF WATER; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; DRY SOILS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEW-ENGLAND AB The Craig-Gordon model (C-G model) [H. Craig, L.I. Gordon. Deuterium and oxygen 18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. In Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, E. Tongiorgi (Ed.), pp. 9-130, Laboratorio di Geologia Nucleare, Pisa (1965).] has been synonymous with the isotope effects associated with the evaporation of water from surface waters, soils, and vegetations, which in turn constitutes a critical component of the global water cycle. On the occasion of the four decades of its successful applications to isotope geochemistry and hydrology, an attempt is made to: (a) examine its physical background within the framework of modern evaporation models, (b) evaluate our current knowledge of the environmental parameters of the C-G model, and (c) comment on a general strategy for the use of these parameters in field applications. Despite its simplistic representation of evaporation processes at the water-air interface, the C-G model appears to be adequate to provide the isotopic composition of the evaporation flux. This is largely due to its nature for representing isotopic compositions (a ratio of two fluxes of different isotopic water molecules) under the same environmental conditions. Among many environmental parameters that are included in the C-G model, accurate description and calculations are still problematic of the kinetic isotope effects that occur in a diffusion-dominated thin layer of air next to the water-air interface. In field applications, it is of importance to accurately evaluate several environmental parameters, particularly the relative humidity and isotopic compositions of the 'free-atmosphere', for a system under investigation over a given time-scale of interest (e.g., hourly to daily to seasonally). With a growing interest in the studies of water cycles of different spatial and temporal scales, including paleoclimate and water resource studies, the importance and utility of the C-G model is also likely to grow in the future. C1 [Horita, Juske] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rozanski, Kazimierz] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Cohen, Shabtai] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Horita, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM horitaj@ornl.gov OI Cohen, Shabtai/0000-0002-3644-467X NR 109 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 68 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 EI 1477-2639 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 23 EP 49 DI 10.1080/10256010801887174 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270OV UT WOS:000253731000005 PM 18320426 ER PT B AU McCurdy, C Cox, AL Vetter, J AF McCurdy, Collin Cox, Alan L. Vetter, Jeffrey GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Investigating the TLB Behavior of high-end scientific applications on commodity microprocessors SO ISPASS 2008: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE SE IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software-ISPASS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software CY APR 20-22, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB The floating point portion of the SPEC CPU suite and the HPC Challenge suite are widely recognized and utilized as benchmarks that represent scientific application behavior. In this work we show that while these benchmark suites may be representative of the cache behavior of production scientific applications, they do not accurately represent the TLB behavior of these applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the difference can have a significant impact on performance. In the first part of the paper we present results from implementation-independent trace-based simulations which demonstrate that benchmarks exhibit significantly different TLB behavior for a range of page sizes than a representative set of production applications. In the second part we validate these results on the AMD Opteron implementation of the x86 architecture, showing that false conclusions about choice of page size, drawn from benchmark performance, can result in performance degradations of up to nearly 50% for the production applications we investigated. C1 [McCurdy, Collin; Vetter, Jeffrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cox, Alan L.] Rice Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP McCurdy, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM cmccurdy@ornl.gov; alc@rice.edu; vetter@ornl.gov FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-ASC05-00OR22725] FX Under the auspices of the INCITE project "Performance Engineering and Analysis Consortium End Station," this research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-ASC05-00OR22725. We also wish to thank Sandia National Laboratory for granting us access to computational resources, and particularly Suzanne Kelly and Dennis Dinge for their help. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-2232-6 J9 INT SYM PERFORM ANAL PY 2008 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1109/ISPASS.2008.4510742 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHS72 UT WOS:000255984000010 ER PT J AU Cohen, SR Apter, N Jesse, S Kalinin, S Barlam, D Peretz, AI Ziskind, D Wagner, HD AF Cohen, Sidney R. Apter, Nathan Jesse, Stephen Kalinin, Sergei Barlam, David Peretz, Adi Idit Ziskind, Daniel Wagner, H. Daniel TI AFM Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Dentin SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; YOUNGS MODULUS; HUMAN TEETH; MICROMECHANICS MODEL; ROOT DENTIN; INDENTATION; HARDNESS; LOAD AB Mechanical properties of peritubular dentin were investigated using scanning probe microscopy techniques. namely Nanoindentation and Band Excitation. Particular attention was directed to the possible existence of a gradient ill these properties moving Outward from the tubular lumen to the junction with the intertubular dentin. Finite element analysis showed that the influence of the boundaries is small relative to the effects observed. Thus, these results strongly support the concept of a lowering of modulus and hardness from the tubular exterior to its periphery, which appear to correlate with graded changes in the mineral content. C1 [Cohen, Sidney R.; Apter, Nathan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Res Support, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barlam, David] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mech Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Peretz, Adi Idit; Ziskind, Daniel; Wagner, H. Daniel] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cohen, SR (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Res Support, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM Sidney.cohen@weizmann.ac.il RI Cohen, Sidney/J-7153-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Cohen, Sidney/0000-0003-4255-3351; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 FU Israel Science Foundation [758/07] FX portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities. U.S. Deparment of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge the Weizmann Institute's 2005 Karyn Kupcinet International Science Summer School for hospitality and support of Nathan Apter. Support from the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 758/07 and from the historic generosity of the Harold Perlman Family is acknowledged. HDW is the Livio Norzi Professor in Materials Science. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1560/IJC.48.2.65 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 391AR UT WOS:000262205300003 ER PT J AU Aldridge, CL Boyce, MS AF Aldridge, Cameron L. Boyce, Mark S. TI ACCOUNTING FOR FITNESS: COMBINING SURVIVAL AND SELECTION WHEN ASSESSING WILDLIFE-HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE fitness; greater sage-grouse; habitat; occurrence; persistence; sagebrush; selection; survival ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; GAS DEVELOPMENT; MODELS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS AB Assessing the viability of a Population requires understanding of the resources used by animals to determine how those resources affect long-term population persistence. To understand the true importance of resources, one must consider both selection (where a Species Occurs) and fitness (reproduction and survival) associated with the use of those resources. Failure to do so may result in incorrect assessments of habitat quality and inappropriate management activities. We illustrate the importance of considering both Occurrence and fitness metrics when assessing habitat requirements for the endangered greater sage-rouse in Alberta, Canada. This population is experiencing low recruitment, so we assess resource use during the brood-rearing period to identify management priorities. First, we develop logistic regression occurrence models fitted with habitat covariates. Second, we use proportional hazard survival analysis to assess chick survival (fitness component) associated with habitat and climatic covariates. Sage-grouse show strong selection for sagebrush cover at both patch (smaller) and area (larger) spatial scales, and weak selection for forbs at the patch scale only. Drought conditions based on an index combining growing degree days and spring precipitation strongly reduced chick survival. While hens selected for taller grass and more sagebrush cover, only taller grass cover also enhanced chick Survival. We show that sage-grouse may not recognize all ecological cues that enhance chick survival. Management activities targeted at providing habitats that sage-grouse are likely to use in addition to those that enhance survival are most likely to ensure the long-term viability of this population. Our techniques account for both occurrence and fitness in habitat quality assessments and, in general, the approach should be applicable to other species or ecosystems. C1 [Aldridge, Cameron L.; Boyce, Mark S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Aldridge, CL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NREL, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cameron.aldridge@usgs.gov RI Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014; Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X; FU Alberta Conservation Association; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; Alberta Sport Recreation Parks; Wildlife Foundation; Cactus Communications (Medicine Hat, Alberta); Challenge Grants in Biodiversity; Endangered Species Recovery Fund (World Wildlife Fund Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service); Esso Imperial Oil; Manyberries; Alberta; Murray Chevrolet; Medicine Hat; North American Waterfowl Management Plan; University of Alberta; Andrew Stewart Memorial Graduate Prize; Bill Shostak Wildlife Award; Dorothy J. Killam Memorial Graduate Prize; Edmonton Bird Club Scholarship; Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship; John and Patricia Schlosser Environment Scholarship; Mactlaughton Conservation Scholarship; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council FX We thank all the landowners who allowed us to conduct our research on their lands. This research was supported by the Alberta Conservation Association; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; Alberta Sport Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation; Cactus Communications (Medicine Hat, Alberta); Challenge Grants in Biodiversity; Endangered Species Recovery Fund (World Wildlife Fund Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service); Esso Imperial Oil, Manyberries, Alberta; Murray Chevrolet, Medicine Hat, Alberta; the North American Waterfowl Management Plan; and the University of Alberta. C.L. Aldridge was personally supported by the Andrew Stewart Memorial Graduate Prize, Bill Shostak Wildlife Award, Dorothy J. Killam Memorial Graduate Prize, Edmonton Bird Club Scholarship, Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship, John and Patricia Schlosser Environment Scholarship, Mactlaughton Conservation Scholarship, and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Scholarship. C. Nielsen and H. Beyer provided valuable GIS assistance. C. Johnson, J. Frair, S. Nielsen, and M.M. Club assisted with statistical issues. I Bush, J. Carpenter, L. Darling, C. Dockrill, Q. Fletcher, J. Ng, M. Olsen, J. Saher, J. Sanders, D. Sharun, M. Swystun, and M. Watters assisted with field data collection. D. Eslinger and J. Nicholson assisted with logistics. E. Bork, D. Coltman, M. Gillingham. S. Hannon, J. Saher, D. Neubaum, G. Chong, W. Wetzel, C. Melcher, D. Howerter, and one anonymous reviewer improved Zn previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 1565-9801 J9 ISR J ECOL EVOL JI Isr. J. Ecol. Evol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 419 DI 10.1560/IJEE.54.3-4.389 PG 31 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 412WA UT WOS:000263753700009 ER PT B AU Nielsen, CW Few, DA Athey, DS AF Nielsen, Curtis W. Few, Douglas A. Athey, Devin S. GP IEEE TI Using mixed-initiative human-robot interaction to bound performance in a search task SO ISSNIP 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing CY DEC 15-18, 2008 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Wollongong, IEEE, EMB, ICT Res Inst, Australian Govt & Australian Res Council ID URBAN SEARCH; CONTEXT AB Mobile robots are increasingly used in dangerous domains, because they can keep humans out of harm's way. Despite their advantages in hazardous environments, their general acceptance in other less dangerous domains has not been apparent and, even in dangerous environments, robots are often viewed as a "last-possible choice." In order to increase the utility and acceptance of robots in hazardous domains researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory have both developed and tested novel mixed-initiative solutions that support the human-robot interactions. In a recent "dirty-bomb" experiment, participants exhibited different search strategies making it difficult to determine any performance benefits. This paper presents a method for categorizing the search patterns and shows that the mixed-initiative solution decreased the time to complete the task and decreased the performance spread between participants independent of prior training and of individual strategies used to accomplish the task. C1 [Nielsen, Curtis W.; Few, Douglas A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Robot & Human Syst, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Athey, Devin S.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT USA. RP Nielsen, CW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Robot & Human Syst, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM curtis.nielsen@inl.gov; douglas.few@inl.gov; dathey2003@gmail.com NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3822-8 PY 2008 BP 195 EP + DI 10.1109/ISSNIP.2008.4761986 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJW13 UT WOS:000267291700034 ER PT B AU Gertman, DI Bruemmer, DJ AF Gertman, David I. Bruemmer, David J. GP IEEE TI Human Factors Principles in Design of Computer-Mediated Visualization for Robot Missions SO ISSNIP 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing CY DEC 15-18, 2008 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Wollongong, IEEE, EMB, ICT Res Inst, Australian Govt & Australian Res Council ID PERCEPTION AB With increased use of robots as a resource in missions supporting countermine, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and chemical, biological, radiological nuclear and conventional explosives (CBRNE), fully understanding the best means by which to complement the human operator's underlying perceptual and cognitive processes could not be more important. Consistent with control and display integration practices in many other high technology computer-supported applications, current robotic design practices rely highly upon static guidelines and design heuristics that reflect the expertise and experience of the individual designer. In order to use what we know about human factors (HF) to drive human robot interaction (HRI) design, this paper reviews underlying human perception and cognition principles and shows how they were applied to a threat detection domain. C1 [Gertman, David I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Human Factors & Adv I&C Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Bruemmer, David J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Robot & Intelligent Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gertman, DI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Human Factors & Adv I&C Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Gertman@inl.gov; David.Bruemmer@inl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3822-8 PY 2008 BP 237 EP + DI 10.1109/ISSNIP.2008.4761993 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJW13 UT WOS:000267291700041 ER PT B AU Kurien, S AF Kurien, Susan BE Kaneda, Y TI Helicity within the Kolmogorov phenomenology of turbulence SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND NEW PERSPECTIVES IN TURBULENCE SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Computational Physics and New Perspectives in Turbulence CY SEP 11, 2006-SEP 14, 2009 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, 21st Cent COE Program, Frontiers Computat Sci, Daiko Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Springer Sci & Business Media HO Nagoya Univ DE isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence; helical turbulence; turbulence phenomenology ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; FLOWS AB In a phenomenology in which both energy and helicity exhibit net flux to the small scales it is natural to investigate how they might influence each other. Motivated by Kraichnan's 1971 derivation of spectral scaling laws using the timescale for energy transfer in wavenumber, we proceed by considering the timescale for helicity transfer and its potential impact on energy distribution in wavenumber. We demonstrate using resolved direct numerical simulations that the predicted effects of a second timescale related to helicity transfer are consistent with observed statistics. Both the energy and helicity spectra show to close to a k(-4/3) scaling in the higher wavenumber 'bottleneck' regime of the inertial range. The latter scaling is in agreement with our prediction for the scaling exponent based on a helicity-dependent timescale for twisting rather than shearing motions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurien, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4020-6471-5 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2008 VL 4 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6472-2_16 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BHJ85 UT WOS:000253667300016 ER PT S AU Samara, G Venturini, E Morosin, B AF Samara, George Venturini, Eugene Morosin, Bruno BE Angilella, GGN Pucci, R Siringo, F TI Pressure-Induced Phase Transition in PLZT: A Neutron Diffraction and Dielectric Study SO JOINT 21ST AIRAPT AND 45TH EHPRG INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st AIRAPT/45th EHPRG International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology CY SEP 17-21, 2007 CL Univ Catania, Dept Phys Astronomy, Catania, ITALY SP Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, European High Pressure Res Grp HO Univ Catania, Dept Phys Astronomy ID CERAMICS AB Zr-rich, La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic samples with composition near Pb0.99La0.01(Zr0.91Ti0.09)O-3 (hereafter PLZT) were studied by time-of-flight neutron diffraction and dielectric measurements at 295 K and 1 bar and at 250 K versus increasing and decreasing pressure to 0.55 GPa. The diffraction data at 295 K show that the sample has the rhombohedral ferroelectric R3c structure (F-R(LT)) and remains in that phase upon cooling to 250 K. As pressure is increased at 250 K, a transition is observed above 0.3 GPa to essentially the antiferroelectric CaTiO3 orthorhombic Pnma (A(O)) phase. There appear two other peaks in the neutron spectra, suggesting a possible incommensurate cell for this A(O). After the initial drop of the F-R(LT) content, the transformation remains incomplete to 0.55 GPa with similar to 10% of the sample retaining the F-R(LT) low pressure phase. On pressure release, 91% of the F-R(LT) phase is recovered with the remainder remaining in the A(O) phase. Isothermal dielectric data at 250 K suggest a structural transition with an onset near 0.37 GPa for increasing pressure, consistent with the diffraction results. C1 [Samara, George; Venturini, Eugene; Morosin, Bruno] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmorosi@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 121 AR 022024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/121/2/022024 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BZW47 UT WOS:000303157800067 ER PT J AU Keiser, DD AF Keiser, Dennis D. TI Materials for the global nuclear energy partnership SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keiser, Dennis D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Keiser, Dennis D.] TMS, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Committ, JOM, Warminster, PA 15086 USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000002 ER PT J AU Allen, TR Busby, JT Klueh, RL Maloy, SA Toloczko, MB AF Allen, T. R. Busby, J. T. Klueh, R. L. Maloy, S. A. Toloczko, M. B. TI Cladding and duct materials for advanced nuclear recycle reactors SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; TENSILE PROPERTIES; FERRITIC STEELS; ACTIVATION; POWER; PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS AB The expanded use of nuclear energy without risk of nuclear weapons proliferation and with safe nuclear waste disposal is a primary goal of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). To achieve that goal the GNEP is exploring advanced technologies for recycling spent nuclear fuel that do not separate pure plutonium, and advanced reactors that consume transuranic elements from recycled spent fuel. The GNEP's objectives will place high demands on reactor clad and structural materials. This article discusses the materials requirements of the GNEP's advanced nuclear recycle reactors program. C1 [Allen, T. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Busby, J. T.; Klueh, R. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maloy, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Toloczko, M. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM allen@engr.wisc.edu RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0002-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000003 ER PT J AU Gan, J Allen, TR Birtcher, RC Shutthanandan, S Thevothasan, S AF Gan, J. Allen, T. R. Birtcher, R. C. Shutthanandan, S. Thevothasan, S. TI Radiation effects on the microstructure of a 9Cr-ODS alloy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ION IRRADIATION; STABILITY; STEELS AB Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are prime candidates for high-temperature, high-dose cladding in advanced nuclear reactors. When a 9Cr-ODS alloy was irradiated with 5 MeV nickel ions at temperatures of 500-700 degrees C to doses lip to 150 dpa, there was no significant change in the dislocation arrangement. For oxide particles, there is a small shrinkage in Size and increase in density with increasing ir radiation dose. This work confirms that oxide particles and the microstructure of the 9Cr-ODS show minimal changes under irradiation at temperatures lip to 700 degrees C and doses lip to 1.50 dpa. C1 [Gan, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Allen, T. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Birtcher, R. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shutthanandan, S.; Thevothasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Mat & Fuels Complex,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ilan.gan@inl.gov OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0003-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000004 ER PT J AU Keiser, DD Kennedy, JR Hilton, BA Hayes, SL AF Keiser, D. D., Jr. Kennedy, J. R. Hilton, B. A. Hayes, S. L. TI The development of metallic nuclear fuels for transmutation applications: Materials challenges SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Metallic alloys show great potential to serve as transmutation fuels that could be used to burn long-lived and high-heat-producing minor actinides and fission products in nuclear reactors as part of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership program. To implement these fuels, work is ongoing to develop fuel fabrication processes, characterize alloy microstructures, measure fuel properties, determine the compatibility of fuel and cladding alloys, and understand the performance of the fuel alloys during irradiation. C1 [Keiser, D. D., Jr.; Kennedy, J. R.; Hilton, B. A.; Hayes, S. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM dennis.keiser@inl.gov RI Hayes, Steven/D-8373-2017 OI Hayes, Steven/0000-0002-7583-2069 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0004-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000005 ER PT J AU Porter, DL AF Porter, D. L. TI The early characterization of irradiation effects in stainless steels at the experimental breeder reactor-II SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CREEP AB The new Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) program is revitalizing interest in fast spectrum reactors. With this revitalization comes the need to engineer new high-perforntance reactors using improved materials, especially materials that can perform adequately at higher temperatures than has previously been required. The previous fast reactor development programs in the United States developed a large knowledge base and a reasonable understanding of the irradiation effects on certain classes of materials, especially stainless steels. With the need for new, high-performance materials today, this established knowledge provides advantages in allay design. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Scoville, ID 83415 USA. RP Porter, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Scoville, ID 83415 USA. EM Douglas.Porter@inl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0005-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000006 ER PT J AU Mckenna, SA Wilson, M Klise, KA AF Mckenna, Sean A. Wilson, Mark Klise, Katherine A. TI Detecting changes in water quality data SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MINE DETECTION; TIME; ROC AB Timely deployment of contaminant warning systems requires on-line sensors and advancement of data analysis and decision support systems to accurately detect water quality changes. As a demonstration of event detection in water quality data, three water quality change-detection algorithms were developed and used to detect changes in water quality observed at four locations within a distribution system. Each data set was "spiked" with simulated anomalous water quality values of I h duration and 10 levels of spike strength. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is proposed as an objective means of assessing and comparing water quality change-detection algorithm results that is also able to provide the tradeoff between missed detections and false alarms on a single plot. The area under the ROC curve provides a measure of the sensitivity and specificity of each algorithm for each spike strength and location. Resulting areas under the ROC curve range from 0.46 for spike strengths of 1.0 (background) to 0.98 for strengths of 3.5 standard deviations from the mean, where an ROC curve area of 1.0 indicates perfect detection. C1 [Mckenna, Sean A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wilson, Mark] GRAM Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Mckenna, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samcken@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 254ZY UT WOS:000252627700011 ER PT J AU Pohlit, DJ Dillard, DA Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM AF Pohlit, D. J. Dillard, D. A. Jacob, G. C. Starbuck, J. M. TI Evaluating the rate-dependent fracture toughness of an automotive adhesive SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE compact tension specimen; epoxy adhesive; fracture energy; fracture toughness; high speed fracture; impact; rate-dependent fracture; time dependence; time temperature superposition ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; EPOXY; ARREST AB Adhesives have made significant inroads into structural bonding of automobiles, but concerns remain over the integrity of these bonds under high speed loading conditions that could occur in accidents. A commercial epoxy adhesive is characterized over a wide range of crosshead rates using compact tension fracture specimens made of the neat resin. Measured fracture toughness values at room temperature decreased steadily from 2.5MPa [image omitted] to roughly 1.7MPa [image omitted] as crosshead speeds increased from 10-6 to 1m/s, exhibiting similar behavior as observed in tests of bonded double cantilever beam tests reported elsewhere. Additionally, intermediate rate tests conducted at subambient temperatures showed fracture toughness values that were comparable with the high rate tests conducted at room temperature. Applications of time temperature superposition principle techniques may be suitable for predicting the fracture behavior of the adhesive studied herein. Good correlation was also found between the fracture toughness values measured and the value of tan obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis tests conducted at the corresponding reduced test rate. C1 [Pohlit, D. J.; Dillard, D. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jacob, G. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Starbuck, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dillard, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dillard@vt.edu RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012; Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318; Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2008 VL 84 IS 2 BP 143 EP 163 DI 10.1080/00218460801952825 PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 284IR UT WOS:000254700600003 ER PT J AU Xue, XJ Polyearpou, AA Phinney, LM AF Xue, Xiaojie Polyearpou, Andreas A. Phinney, Leslie M. TI Measurement and modeling of adhesion energy between two rough microelectromechanical system (MEMS) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); meniscus model; capillary force; adhesion energy; Pearson distribution; Maugis-Dugdale model; roughness ID CONTACT; FRICTION; FORCES; CANTILEVERS; TRIBOLOGY; STICTION; SCALE; DISKS AB Adhesion failure is a significant reliability concern and a major barrier to commercializing MEMS devices. In this paper, a beam-peel-based experimental setup was improved to measure the adhesion energy between a microcantilever and a substrate at different humidity levels. The microcantilever arrays were separated from the substrate and their fixed ends were directly attached to a piezoactuator to control the beam displacement with sub-nanometer accuracy. The experimental setup was sealed in a chamber with precise humidity control. An in situ interferometer was used to measure the beam deflection and crack length during the peel test. To examine the effects of surface roughness and relative humidity on adhesion energy, four different surface pairs were measured at humidity levels ranging from 40 to 92%. Before testing, the microcantilevers and substrates were scanned using an Atomic Force Microscope. Surface roughness parameters and the exact probability density function of the asperity heights were extracted and directly entered into a statistics-based model. An Extended-Maugis-Dugdale single asperity meniscus model considering both asperity deformation and solid surface interaction was coupled with the Pearson surface statistical model to develop an improved elastic asymmetrical surface meniscus model. The model compared favorably with the experimental data. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008. C1 [Xue, Xiaojie; Polyearpou, Andreas A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Phinney, Leslie M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Polyearpou, AA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM polycarp@uiuc.edu NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4243 EI 1568-5616 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 429 EP 455 DI 10.1163/156856108X305570 PG 27 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 331SX UT WOS:000258034000004 ER PT J AU Farquar, GR Steele, PT McJimpsey, EL Lebrilla, CB Tobias, HJ Gard, EE Frank, M Coffee, K Riot, V Fergenson, DP AF Farquar, George R. Steele, Paul T. McJimpsey, Erica L. Lebrilla, Carlito B. Tobias, Herbert J. Gard, Eric E. Frank, Matthias Coffee, Ketith Riot, Vincent Fergenson, David P. TI Supramicrometer particle shadowgraph imaging in the ionization region of a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shadowgraph; aerosol; mass spectrometry; single particle imaging ID LENS-NOZZLE SYSTEM; NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION; BEAM COLLIMATION; IDENTIFICATION; SIZE; DEPENDENCE; VELOCITY; DESIGN AB An in situ method to image individual aerosol particles upon desorption/ionization in a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer using shadowgraph imaging is presented and applied directly to determine a 2D spatial distribution of 5.0 mu m particles. This new technique is complementary to previously reported methods for the determination of focused particle beam profiles and has several advantages, including a very low particle concentration requirement and the ability to collect the image of an individual particle with a correlated mass spectrum. Images are presented for 1.3, 2.1, 3.0, and 5.0 mu m polystyrene latex spheres. Particle beam profiles are presented in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the particle beam axis. These results are qualitatively compared to those of a complementary particle collection method (dusting) used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to characterize aerosol beam focusing. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farquar, George R.; Steele, Paul T.; McJimpsey, Erica L.; Tobias, Herbert J.; Gard, Eric E.; Frank, Matthias; Coffee, Ketith; Riot, Vincent; Fergenson, David P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [McJimpsey, Erica L.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steele, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L211, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM psteele@llnl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.09.010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264MJ UT WOS:000253291300002 ER PT J AU Saetveit, NJ Bajic, SJ Baldwin, DP Houk, RS AF Saetveit, Nathan J. Bajic, Stanley J. Baldwin, David P. Houk, R. S. TI Influence of particle size on fractionation with nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation in brass by online differential mobility analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ICP-MS; ELEMENTAL FRACTIONATION; SILICATE GLASS; AEROSOLS; SAMPLES; ACHIEVEMENTS; PARTICULATE; STATE AB A differential mobility analyzer (DMA) passes laser ablation (LA) particles and agglomerates within a narrow range of electrical mobilities to the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). No particle collection or offline particle analysis is required. Fractionation is assessed with the Cu+/Zn+ signal ratio. Results presented in this paper support previous findings that ns LA provides many small Zn-rich particles and some much larger Cu-rich particles and that fs LA produces large agglomerates of small particles. The composition of the aerosol produced by fs LA falls between the relatively Zn-rich and Cu-rich extremes of ns LA. Femtosecond LA provides elemental ratio measurements that remain more stable with respect to time, which allows a greater degree of confidence in LA results. Even though some parameters besides pulse length differ between the lasers compared in this study, the suppression of particle size related fractionation with fs LA can be attributed to pulse length. C1 [Saetveit, Nathan J.; Bajic, Stanley J.; Baldwin, David P.; Houk, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1039/b709995a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 256VJ UT WOS:000252757700007 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, D Cheng, MD AF Mukherjee, Dibyendu Cheng, Meng-Dawn TI Quantitative analysis of carbonaceous aerosols using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a study on mass loading induced plasma matrix effects SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR; SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLES; INTERFERENCES; NANOPARTICLES; CALIBRATION; EMISSIONS; ABLATION; STREAMS; SAMPLES AB We present results indicating mass loading induced plasma matrix effects on the application of quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for estimation of carbon contents in aerosols. An in-house flow-controlled powder-dispersion system generated carbonaceous aerosols with varying bi-modal particle size distributions (similar to 1 mm and 10 mu m median diameters), thereby resulting in a wide mass loading range. For ease of chemical handling and to eliminate toxic effects, common talcum powder was used as our standard aerosol. Normalized atomic species concentrations of C, i.e., [C]/[Si] ratios, were calculated from atomic emission lines of C I (248 nm), Si I (252 nm), and plasma temperatures estimated from a series of Mg I lines. The results show a decrease in [C]/[Si] ratio to about 65% of the initial value as relative mass loadings increased (5.5-100%) due to the increase in number concentrations of larger sized particles (similar to 10 mu m median diameter). As a comparison, normalized ratio of [Mg]/[Si] did not exhibit any marked change with increased mass loading. The normalized total absorption of photon. ux across the C I ( 248 nm) spectral line indicated a strong correlation to the percentage decrease in [C]/[Si] ratio. We used an impactor with a cut-off size of around 10 mm diameter to generate mono-modal aerosolized powders (similar to 1 mu m median diameter) that had lower relative mass loadings (0.32-0.16%). Similar LIBS analysis on these did not indicate any of the matrix effects. We conclude that for aerosol systems with widely varying mass loadings, quantitative LIBS analysis can be significantly affected by plasma matrix effects, specifically for the C I (248 nm) emission line as noticed in this study. This bears significance for the application of quantitative LIBS in the chemical characterization of all forms of carbonaceous aerosols. C1 [Mukherjee, Dibyendu; Cheng, Meng-Dawn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengmd@ornl.gov RI Mukherjee, Dibyendu/A-9787-2010; Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Mukherjee, Dibyendu/0000-0002-9232-6774; Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1039/b713436n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 256VJ UT WOS:000252757700014 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JJ Oropeza, D Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Gonzalez, Jhanis J. Oropeza, Dayana Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. TI Assessment of the precision and accuracy of thorium (Th-232) and uranium (U-238) measured by quadrupole based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using liquid nebulization, nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ICP-MS MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL FRACTIONATION; GLASS; AEROSOLS; BRASS; PARTICULATE; SAMPLES AB The precision and accuracy of the U-238/Th-232 ratio were evaluated from liquid nebulization and direct solid sampling repetitive pulsed laser ablation. Nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed lasers at 266 nm wavelength were utilized for the ablation studies. The ICP-MS and sampling parameters were optimized for each procedure;. ow rates, gases, laser energy and other parameters were optimized for the particular sampling approach and therefore will not be the same. The work is not a comparison per se but represents performance metrics for three optimized sampling modalities. As expected, nanosecond pulsed ablation provided the greatest inaccuracy (>30%) from the nominal U-238/Th-232 bulk ratio. This deviation from bulk ratio is attributed to incomplete vaporization of large particle agglomerates produced by nanosecond laser ablation. Femtosecond pulsed ablation provided inaccuracy (similar to 1-3%) approaching that of liquid nebulization (similar to 1%). In terms of temporal relative standard deviation (TRSD) and relative standard deviation (RSD), liquid nebulization provided the best precision for the 238 U/ 232 Th ratio (TRSD similar to 3-5%, RSD similar to 0.2-0.6%), femtosecond laser ablation (TRSD similar to 5-12%, RSD similar to 1%) and nanosecond laser ablation (TRSD similar to 25-48%, RSD similar to 9-12%). Laser ablation requires less sample to achieve these performance metrics, in some cases less than a factor of 100-times depending on the entrainment and transport e. ciency. C1 [Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Oropeza, Dayana; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1039/b702754k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 256VL UT WOS:000252757900008 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Gammon, JW Powell, CL Mahoney, MJ Angevine, WM Senff, C White, A Berkowitz, C Doran, C Knupp, K AF Nielsen-Gammon, John W. Powell, Christina L. Mahoney, M. J. Angevine, Wayne M. Senff, Christoph White, Allen Berkowitz, Carl Doran, Christopher Knupp, Kevin TI Multisensor estimation of mixing heights over a coastal city SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND PROFILERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; DEPTHS AB An airborne microwave temperature profiler (MTP) was deployed during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS-2000) to make measurements of boundary layer thermal structure. An objective technique was developed and tested for estimating the mixed layer (ML) height from the MTP vertical temperature profiles. The technique identifies the ML height as a threshold increase of potential temperature from its minimum value within the boundary layer. To calibrate the technique and evaluate the usefulness of this approach, coincident estimates from radiosondes, radar wind profilers, an aerosol backscatter lidar, and in situ aircraft measurements were compared with each other and with the MTP. Relative biases among all instruments were generally less than 50 m, and the agreement between MTP ML height estimates and other estimates was at least as good as the agreement among the other estimates. The ML height estimates from the MTP and other instruments are utilized to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of ML height in the Houston, Texas, area on 1 September 2000. An elevated temperature inversion was present, so ML growth was inhibited until early afternoon. In the afternoon, large spatial variations in ML height developed across the Houston area. The highest ML heights, well over 2 km, were observed to the north of Houston, while downwind of Galveston Bay and within the late afternoon sea breeze ML heights were much lower. The spatial variations that were found away from the immediate influence of coastal circulations were unexpected, and multiple independent ML height estimates were essential for documenting this feature. C1 [Nielsen-Gammon, John W.; Powell, Christina L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Knupp, Kevin] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Berkowitz, Carl; Doran, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahoney, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nielsen-Gammon, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM n-g@tamu.edu RI Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1503.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500003 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JK Mirocha, JD AF Lundquist, Julie K. Mirocha, Jeffrey D. TI Interaction of nocturnal low-level jets with urban geometries as seen in joint urban 2003 data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CLIMATOLOGY; DYNAMICS; SITE AB Because accurate modeling of atmospheric flows in urban environments requires sophisticated representation of complex urban geometries, much work has been devoted to treatment of the urban surface. However, the importance of the larger-scale flow impinging upon the urban complex to the flow, transport, and dispersion within it and downwind has received less attention. Building-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are commonly employed to investigate interactions between the flow and three-dimensional structures that make up the urban environment; however, such models are typically forced with simplified boundary conditions that fail to include important regional-scale phenomena that can strongly influence the flow within the urban complex and downwind. This paper investigates the interaction of an important and frequently occurring regional-scale phenomenon, the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ), with urban-scale turbulence and dispersion in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, using data from the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment. Two simulations of nocturnal tracer release experiments from JU2003 using Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Finite-Element Model in 3 Dimensions and Massively Paral-lelized (FEM3MP) CFD model yield differing levels of agreement with the observations in wind speed, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and concentration profiles in the urban wake, approximately 750 m downwind of the central business district. Profiles of several observed turbulence parameters at this location indicate characteristics of both bottom-up and top-down boundary layers during each of the experiments. These data are consistent with turbulence production due to at least two sources, the complex flow structures of the urban area and the region of strong vertical wind shear occurring beneath the LLJs present each night. Strong LLJs occurred each night, but their structures varied considerably, resulting in significant differences in the magnitudes of the turbulence parameters observed during the two experiments. Because FEM3MP was forced only with an upwind velocity profile that did not adequately represent the LLJ, the downward propagation of TKE observed during the experiments was absent from the simulations. As such, the differing levels of agreement between the simulations and observations during the two experiments can, in part, be explained by their exclusion of this important larger-scale influence. The ability of the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) to simulate accurate velocity fields during each night was demonstrated, and the use of regional-scale simulation data was identified as a promising approach for representing the effects of important regional-scale phenomena such as the LLJ on urban-scale simulations. C1 [Lundquist, Julie K.; Mirocha, Jeffrey D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lundquist1@llnl.gov OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1581.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500004 ER PT J AU Chen, H Awadalla, SA Iniewski, K Lu, PH Harris, F Mackenzie, J Hasanen, T Chen, W Redden, R Bindley, G Kuvvetli, I Budtz-Jorgensen, C Luke, P Amman, M Lee, JS Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Hossain, A James, RB AF Chen, H. Awadalla, S. A. Iniewski, K. Lu, P. H. Harris, F. Mackenzie, J. Hasanen, T. Chen, W. Redden, R. Bindley, G. Kuvvetli, Irfan Budtz-Jorgensen, Carl Luke, P. Amman, M. Lee, J. S. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Hossain, A. James, R. B. TI Characterization of large cadmium zinc telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CDZNTE; PERFORMANCE; UNIFORMITY; DETECTORS AB The focus of this paper is to evaluate thick, 20 X 20 X 10 and 10 X 10 X 10 mm(3), cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), Cd(0.9)Zn(0.1)Te, crystals grown using the traveling heater method (THIM). The phenomenal spectral performance and small size and low concentration of Te inclusions/precipitates of these crystals indicate that the THM is suitable for the mass production of CZT radiation detectors that can be used in a variety of applications. Our result also proves that with careful material selection using IR and high-quality fabrication processes, the theoretical energy resolution limit can be achieved. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chen, H.; Awadalla, S. A.; Iniewski, K.; Lu, P. H.; Harris, F.; Mackenzie, J.; Hasanen, T.; Chen, W.; Redden, R.; Bindley, G.] Redlen Tehnol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. [Kuvvetli, Irfan; Budtz-Jorgensen, Carl] Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Luke, P.; Amman, M.; Lee, J. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Hossain, A.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Awadalla, SA (reprint author), Redlen Tehnol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM salah.awadalla@redlen.com NR 11 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.2828170 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700106 ER PT J AU Cui, YL Dupere, R Burger, A Johnstone, D Mandal, KC Payne, SA AF Cui, Yunlong Dupere, Ryan Burger, Arnold Johnstone, D. Mandal, Krishna C. Payne, S. A. TI Acceptor levels in GaSe : In crystals investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy and photoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELENIDE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GALLIUM SELENIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TERAHERTZ; TRAPS; MN; CU AB Deep-acceptor levels associated with indium in indium-doped GaSe crystals have been measured. High-quality Schottky diodes of GaSe:In have been fabricated and characterized using current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Four DLTS peaks at 127, 160, 248, and 319 K, corresponding to 0.21, 0.22, 0.44, and 0.74 eV above the valence band, were well resolved and assigned to be an indium-on-gallium antisite (In(Ga)), a gallium vacancy (V(Ga)), an indium gallium vacancy complex W(Ga)-In), and a native defect associated with stacking fault or dislocation, respectively. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements were performed on GaSe and GaSe:In crystals. The ground and the first excited states of the free exciton emissions were identified and the band-gap energies were determined. The results that the peak of exciton bound to acceptor (A(0),X) disappeared and the peak of donor-acceptor pair appeared in GaSe crystal after indium doping are consistent with the DLTS acceptor assignments. C1 [Cui, Yunlong; Dupere, Ryan; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Johnstone, D.] SEMETROL, Chesterfield, VA 23838 USA. [Mandal, Krishna C.] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Payne, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cui, YL (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM ycui@fisk.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013710 DI 10.1063/1.2831130 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700054 ER PT J AU Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM Myers, SM AF Knapp, J. A. Follstaedt, D. M. Myers, S. M. TI Hardening by bubbles in He-implanted Ni SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION; HELIUM; DISLOCATIONS; PRESSURE; METALS; NICKEL AB Detailed finite-element modeling of nanoindentation data is used to obtain the mechanical properties of Ni implanted with 1-10 at. % He. The mechanical properties of this material elucidate the fundamental materials science of dislocation pinning by nanometer-size gas bubbles and also have implications for radiation damage of materials. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy showed that implantation of 1-5 at. % He at room temperature or at 200 degrees C produced a highly damaged layer extending to a depth of 700-800 nm and containing a fine dispersion of He bubbles with diameters of 1.1 +/- 0.2 nm. Implantation at 500 degrees C enlarged the bubble sizes. By fitting the nanoindentation data with a finite-element model that includes the responses of both the implanted layer and the unimplanted substrate in the deformation, the Ni(He) layers are shown to have hardnesses as much as approximately seven times that of untreated Ni, up to 8.3 +/- 0.6 GPa. Examination of the dependence of yield strength on He concentration, bubble size, and bubble density reveals that an Orowan hardening mechanism is likely to be in operation, indicating that the bubbles pin dislocation motion as strongly as hard second-phase precipitates do. This strong pinning of dislocations by bubbles is also supported by our numerical simulations, which show that substantial applied shear stress is required to move a dislocation through an empty cavity. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Knapp, J. A.; Follstaedt, D. M.; Myers, S. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knapp, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jaknapp@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013518 DI 10.1063/1.2831205 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700043 ER PT J AU Kothari, H Ramamoorthy, A Akis, R Goodnick, SM Ferry, BK Reno, JL Bird, JP AF Kothari, H. Ramamoorthy, A. Akis, R. Goodnick, S. M. Ferry, B. K. Reno, J. L. Bird, J. P. TI Linear and nonlinear conductance of ballistic quantum wires with hybrid confinement SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSTRICTION; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; POINT CONTACTS; IN0.52AL0.48AS/IN0.53GA0.47AS/IN0.52AL0.48AS HETEROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; FIELD; GAS; QUANTIZATION AB We characterize the linear and nonlinear electron transport in quantum point contacts (QPCs) realized by a hybrid combination of etching and gating. We demonstrate that the strong electron confinement generated through this hybrid QPC process results in quantized subbands with a large energy separation, leading to the observation of robust one-dimensional quantum-transport effects. Measurements of the nonlinear differential conductance reveal an unexpected bunching of curves at 0.20-0.25 x 2e(2)/h, rather than at the expected value of 0.5 x 2e(2)/h. Application of a simple analytical model indicates that this bunching is associated with the highly asymmetric manner in which the source-drain voltage is dropped across the QPC near pinch-off and under nonequilibrium conditions. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bird, J. P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14216 USA. [Kothari, H.; Ramamoorthy, A.; Akis, R.; Goodnick, S. M.; Ferry, B. K.] Arizona State Univ, Arizona Inst Nanoelect, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bird, JP (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14216 USA. EM jbird@buffalo.edu RI Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010; OI Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007; Akis, Richard/0000-0002-4366-1891 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013701 DI 10.1063/1.28274661 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700045 ER PT J AU Leon, V Ren, Y Saboungi, ML AF Leon, Vincent Ren, Yang Saboungi, Marie-Louise TI A Effect of nanoscale confinement on the beta-alpha phase transition in Ag2Se SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SILVER CHALCOGENIDES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; NANOCOMPOSITES; SCATTERING; NANOWIRES; COPOLYMER; BEHAVIOR AB The confinement of silver selenide was investigated using mesoporous silica. Results from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy show that the confined material still exhibits a beta-alpha transition similar to the one that takes place in the bulk crystalline state but with a transition temperature that depends significantly on the confinement conditions. Decreasing the pore size leads to an increase of the transition temperature, opposite to the behavior of the melting point observed in several metallic and organic materials. In the free particles, on the other hand, no size dependence is observed with particle sizes down to 4 nm. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Leon, Vincent; Saboungi, Marie-Louise] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Ctr Rech Matiere Divisee, Orleans, France. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, Ctr Rech Matiere Divisee, Orleans, France. EM saboungi@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 016105 DI 10.1063/1.282213S PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700121 ER PT J AU Priyantha, W Chen, H Kopczyk, M Smith, RJ Kayani, A Comouth, A Finsterbusch, M Nachimuthu, P McCready, D AF Priyantha, W. Chen, H. Kopczyk, M. Smith, R. J. Kayani, A. Comouth, A. Finsterbusch, M. Nachimuthu, P. McCready, D. TI Interface mixing of Al/Fe and Fe/Al bilayer systems and the role,of Ti as a stabilizing interlayer using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray reflectometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL BILAYERS; THERMAL-STABILITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FE FILMS; MULTILAYERS; SURFACES; REFLECTIVITY; DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; GROWTH AB Al/Fe and Fe/Al bilayer films with and without a Ti stabilizing interlayer at the interface have been grown on Si wafers using dc magnetron sputtering. X-ray reflectometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to probe individual layer thicknesses and intermixing lengths. It is observed that the intermixing length is always higher when the Fe layer is on top of the Al layer. The samples with the Ti stabilizing layer, particularly when the Al layer is on top of the Fe, show that the Ti layer promotes the formation of abrupt interfaces. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Priyantha, W.; Chen, H.; Kopczyk, M.; Smith, R. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kayani, A.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Comouth, A.; Finsterbusch, M.] Tech Univ Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. [Nachimuthu, P.; McCready, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Priyantha, W (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM smith@physics.montana.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 014508 DI 10.1063/1.2829803 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700099 ER PT J AU Ramadurai, K Cromer, CL Lewis, LA Hurst, KE Dillon, AC Mahajan, RL Lehman, JH AF Ramadurai, Krishna Cromer, Christopher L. Lewis, Laurence A. Hurst, Katherine E. Dillon, Anne C. Mahajan, Roop L. Lehman, John H. TI High-performance carbon nanotube coatings for high-power laser radiometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; IRRADIATION; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ENERGY AB Radiometry for the next generation of high-efficiency, high-power industrial lasers requires thermal management at optical power levels exceeding 10 kW. Laser damage and thermal transport present fundamental challenges for laser radiometry in support of common manufacturing processes, such as welding, cutting, ablation, or vaporization. To address this growing need for radiometry at extremely high power densities, we demonstrate multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coatings with damage thresholds exceeding 15 000 W/cm(2) and absorption efficiencies over 90% at 1.06 mu m. This result demonstrates specific design advantages not possible with other contemporary high-power laser coatings. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a performance difference between MWCNTs and single-walled carbon nanotube coatings, which is attributed to the lower net thermal resistance of the MWCNT coatings. We explore the behavior of carbon nanotubes at two laser wavelengths (1.06 and 10.6 mu m) and also evaluate the optical-absorption efficiency and bulk properties of the coatings. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Cromer, Christopher L.; Hurst, Katherine E.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ramadurai, Krishna] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewis, Laurence A.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80305 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Dept Mech Engn, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.lehman@nist.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.2825647 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Seal, K Baddorf, AP Kalinin, SV AF Rodriguez, B. J. Jesse, S. Seal, K. Baddorf, A. P. Kalinin, S. V. TI Direct measurement of periodic electric forces in liquids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING IMPEDANCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTROSTATICS; CANTILEVERS AB The electric forces acting on an atomic force microscope tip in solution have been measured using a microelectrochemical cell formed by two periodically biased electrodes. The forces were measured as a function of lift height and bias amplitude and frequency, providing insight into electrostatic interactions in liquids. Real-space mapping of the vertical and lateral components of electrostatic forces acting on the tip from the deflection and torsion of the cantilever is demonstrated. This method enables direct probing of electrostatic and convective forces involved in electrophoretic and dielectroforetic self-assembly and electrical tweezer operation in liquid environments. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Rodriguez, B. J.; Jesse, S.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rodriguez, B. J.; Seal, K.; Baddorf, A. P.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 014306 DI 10.1063/1.2817477 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700082 ER PT J AU Tsai, HM Ray, SC Pao, CW Chiou, JW Huang, CL Du, CH Pong, WF Tsai, MH Fukano, A Oyanagi, H AF Tsai, H. M. Ray, S. C. Pao, C. W. Chiou, J. W. Huang, C. L. Du, C. H. Pong, W. F. Tsai, M. -H. Fukano, A. Oyanagi, H. TI Enhancement of Si-O hybridization in low-temperature grown ultraviolet photo-oxidized SiO(2) film observed by x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; AMORPHOUS SIO2; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON DIOXIDE AB The dielectric properties associated with the electronic and bonding structures of SiO(2) films were examined using the Si L(3,2)- and O K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) and valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES) techniques. The Si L(3,2)- and O Kredge XANES measurements for the low-temperature grown UV-photon oxidized SiO(2) (UV-SiO(2)) and the conventional high-temperature thermal-oxidized SiO(2) (TH-SiO(2)) suggest enhancement of O 2p-Si 3p hybridization in UV-SiO(2). VB-PES measurements reveal enhancement of nonbonding O 2p and O 2p-Si 3p hybridized states. The enhanced O 2p and Si 3p hybridization implies a shortening of the average Si-O bond length, which explains an increase of the density and the improvement of the dielectric property Of UV-SiO(2). C 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tsai, H. M.; Ray, S. C.; Pao, C. W.; Chiou, J. W.; Huang, C. L.; Du, C. H.; Pong, W. F.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan. [Tsai, M. -H.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Fukano, A.; Oyanagi, H.] AIST, Photon Res Inst, Tsukuba 3058568, Japan. [Pong, W. F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Chiou, J. W.] Natl Univ Kaohsiung, Dept Appl Phys, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RP Pong, WF (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan. EM wfpong@mail.tku.edu.tw NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013704 DI 10.1063/1.2828144 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700048 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Zu, XT Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Wang, Zhiguo Zu, Xiaotao Gao, Fei Weber, William J. TI Mechanical behavior of gallium nitride nanotubes under combined tension-torsion: An atomistic simulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN NANOTUBES AB The tensile mechanical behavior of single crystalline gallium nitride (GaN) nanotubes under combined tension-torsion is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations with an empirical potential. The simulation results show that a small torsion rate (<0.010 deg ps(-1)) does not affect the tensile behavior of GaN nanotube, i.e., the nanotubes show brittle properties at low temperatures; whereas at high temperatures, they behave as ductile materials. However, the failure stress decreases with increasing rate of torsion above 0.010 deg ps(-1), and the nanotube fails in a different manner. The torsion rate has no effect on the elastic properties of GaN nanotubes. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wang, Zhiguo; Zu, Xiaotao] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM zgwang_dr@yahoo.com RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013505 DI 10.1063/1.2828169 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700030 ER PT J AU Komistek, RD Mahfouz, MR Bertin, KC Rosenberg, A Kennedy, W AF Komistek, Richard D. Mahfouz, Mohamed R. Bertin, Kim C. Rosenberg, Aaron Kennedy, William TI In vivo determination of total knee arthroplasty kinematics SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE knee; arthroplasty; kinematics; in vivo; fluoroscopy; implant design ID CONDYLAR LIFT-OFF; ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; MULTICENTER ANALYSIS; REPLACEMENTS; PROSTHESIS; MOTION; FLAT AB The objective of this study was to determine if consistent posterior femoral rollback of an asymmetrical posterior cruciate retaining (PCR) total knee arthroplasty was mostly influenced by the implant design, surgical technique, or presence of a well-functioning posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Three-dimensional femorotibial kinematics was determined for 80 subjects implanted by 3 surgeons, and each subject was evaluated under fluoroscopic surveillance during a deep knee bend. All subjects in this present study having an intact PCL had a well-functioning PCR knee and experienced normal kinematic patterns, although less in magnitude than the normal knee. In addition, a surprising finding was that, on average, subjects without a PCL still achieved posterior femoral rollback from full extension to maximum knee flexion. The findings in this study revealed that implant design did contribute to the normal kinematics demonstrated by subjects having this asymmetrical PCR total knee arthroplasty. C1 [Komistek, Richard D.; Mahfouz, Mohamed R.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Komistek, Richard D.; Mahfouz, Mohamed R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bertin, Kim C.] Utah Bone & Joint Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Rosenberg, Aaron] Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kennedy, William] Kennedy White Orthopaed Ctr, Sarasota, FL USA. RP Komistek, RD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 313 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2007.01.016 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 250VV UT WOS:000252330300007 PM 18165027 ER PT J AU Donlon, C Robinson, IS Reynolds, M Wimmer, W Fisher, G Edwards, R Nightingale, TJ AF Donlon, C. Robinson, I. S. Reynolds, M. Wimmer, W. Fisher, G. Edwards, R. Nightingale, T. J. TI An infrared sea surface temperature autonomous radiometer (ISAR) for deployment aboard volunteer observing ships (VOS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC THERMAL SKIN; WIND-SPEED; CALIBRATION; EMISSIVITY; ACCURACY; CAVITY AB The infrared SST autonomous radiometer (ISAR) is a self-calibrating instrument capable of measuring in situ sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) to an accuracy of 0.1 K. Extensive field deployments alongside two independent research radiometers measuring SSTskin using different spectral and geometric configurations show that, relatively, ISAR SSTskin has a zero bias +/- 0.14 K rms. The ISAR instrument has been developed for satellite SST validation and other scientific programs. The ISAR can be deployed continuously on voluntary observing ships (VOS) without any service requirement or operator intervention for periods of up to 3 months. Five ISAR instruments have been built and are in sustained use in the United States, China, and Europe. This paper describes the ISAR instrument including the special design features that enabled a single channel radiometer with a spectral bandpass of 9.6-11.5 mu m to be adapted for autonomous use. The entire instrument infrared optical path is calibrated by viewing two blackbody reference cavities at different temperatures to maintain high accuracy while tolerating moderate contamination of optical components by salt deposition. During bad weather, an innovative storm shutter, triggered by a sensitive optical rain gauge, automatically seals the instrument from the external environment. Data are presented that verify the instrument calibration and functionality in such situations. A watchdog timer and auto-reboot function support automatic data logging recovery in case of power outages typically encountered on ships. An RS485 external port allows supporting instruments that are not part of the core ISAR package (e. g., a solarimeter) to be logged using the ISAR system. All data are processed by the ISAR instrument and are relayed to a host computer via the RS232 serial link as (National Electronics Manufacturers Association) NEMA-style strings allowing easy integration into many commercial onboard scientific data logging systems. In case of a communications failure, data are stored on board using a CompactFlash card that can be retrieved when the instrument is serviced. The success of the design is demonstrated using results obtained over 21 months in the English Channel and Bay of Biscay as part of a campaign to validate SSTskin observations derived from the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). C1 [Donlon, C.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Natl Ctr Ocean Forecasting, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Robinson, I. S.; Wimmer, W.; Fisher, G.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Reynolds, M.; Edwards, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl City, NY USA. [Nightingale, T. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Donlon, C (reprint author), Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Natl Ctr Ocean Forecasting, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM craig.donlon@metoffice.gov.uk NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 93 EP 113 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO505.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256CC UT WOS:000252704300008 ER PT J AU Muller, M Mitton, D Talmant, M Johnson, P Laugier, P AF Muller, M. Mitton, D. Talmant, M. Johnson, P. Laugier, P. TI Nonlinear ultrasound can detect accumulated damage in human bone SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE micro-damage assessment; nonlinear ultrasound; cortical bone; fracture risk; fatigue testing ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; COMPACT-BONE; FATIGUE MICRODAMAGE; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND; OSTEOPOROSIS; ELASTICITY; FRACTURES; STRAIN; QUS AB Bone micro-damage is commonly accepted as a relevant parameter for fracture risk assessment, but there is no available technique for its non-invasive characterization. The objective of this work is to study the potential of nonlinear ultrasound for damage detection in human bone. Ultrasound is particularly desirable due to its non-invasive and non-ionizing characteristics. We show results illustrating the correlation of progressive fatigue of human bone samples to their nonlinear dynamical response. In our experiments, damage was induced in 30 samples of diaphyseal human femur using fatigue cycling. At intervals in the cycling, the nonlinear response of the samples was assessed applying Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS). The nonlinear parameter a, which in other materials correlates with the quantity of damage, dramatically increased with the number of mechanical testing cycles. We find a large spread in a in the pristine samples and infer that the spread is due to damage differences in the sample population. As damage accumulates during cycling, we find that a is much more sensitive to damage than other quantities measured, including the slope and hysteresis of the load/displacement curve, and the dynamic wavespeed. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of the concept of nonlinear dynamic elasticity to human bone. The results are promising, suggesting the value of further work on this topic. Ultimately, the approach may have merit for in vivo bone damage characterization. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muller, M.; Talmant, M.; Laugier, P.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75006 Paris, France. [Mitton, D.] ENSAM, Lab Biomecan, CNRS, F-750013 Paris, France. [Johnson, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, 15 Rue Ecole Med, F-75006 Paris, France. EM mullmarie@gmail.com RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011; OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1062 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.12.004 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 287VE UT WOS:000254943800017 PM 18222458 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, J. J. Ritchie, R. O. TI Comments on "Measurement of the microstructural fracture toughness of cortical bone using indentation fracture" SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Letter ID CERAMICS C1 [Kruzic, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ritchie, R. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruzic, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jamie.kruzic@oregonstate.edu; roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1380 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.01.022 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 298GP UT WOS:000255674700030 PM 18342866 ER PT J AU Li, GH Ciston, S Saponjic, ZV Chen, L Dimitrijevic, NM Rajh, T Gray, KA AF Li, Gonghu Ciston, Shannon Saponjic, Zoran V. Chen, Le Dimitrijevic, Nada M. Rajh, Tijana Gray, Kimberly A. TI Synthesizing mixed-phase TiO2 nanocomposites using a hydrothermal method for photo-oxidation and photoreduction applications SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE titanium dioxide; photocatalysis; mixed-phase; nanocomposite; CO2 reduction ID ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SOLID-SOLID INTERFACE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SINTERING TEMPERATURE; STAINLESS-STEEL; SURFACE SCIENCE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RUTILE; ANATASE AB Mixed-phase titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials, such as Degussa P25, show high photocatalytic activity due largely to the synergistic effect between anatase and rutile phases, in which spatial charge separation hinders charge recombination. Our previous studies indicate that a particular nanostructured assembly of anatase and rutile crystallites is necessary for the synergy. In this paper, we apply this structure-function understanding to the synthesis of highly active TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts. Using simple synthetic procedures, we demonstrate an ability to design a highly active nanocomposite that shows enhanced photoactivity in both oxidative and reductive chemistry. Studies by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate the existence of the critical nanostructured assembly and thus the optimization of charge transfer between anatase and rutile phases in the synthesized nanocomposite. These results illustrate the potential of rationally designing photocatalysts for energy applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciston, Shannon; Gray, Kimberly A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Li, Gonghu; Chen, Le; Gray, Kimberly A.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Catalysis Energy Proc, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Li, Gonghu; Chen, Le; Gray, Kimberly A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Saponjic, Zoran V.; Dimitrijevic, Nada M.; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Saponjic, Zoran V.; Dimitrijevic, Nada M.; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, KA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM k-gray@northwestern.edu RI Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009 NR 38 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 8 U2 91 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 253 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2007.10.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 319PT UT WOS:000257176900011 ER PT J AU Bro, R Acar, E Kolda, TG AF Bro, R. Acar, E. Kolda, Tamara G. TI Resolving the sign ambiguity in the singular, value decomposition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE PCA; sign indeterminacy; SVD ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AB Many modern data analysis methods involve computing a matrix singular value decomposition (SVD) or eigenvalue decomposition (EVD). Principal component analysis is the time-honored example, but more recent applications include latent semantic indexing (LSI), hypertext induced topic selection (HITS), clustering, classification, etc. Though the SVD and EVD are well established and can be computed via state-of-the-art algorithms, it is not commonly mentioned that there is an intrinsic sign indeterminacy that can significantly impact the conclusions and interpretations drawn from their results. Here we provide a solution to the sign ambiguity problem and show how it leads to more sensible solutions. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bro, R.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Food Sci, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Acar, E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Kolda, Tamara G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bro, R (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Food Sci, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM rb@life.ku.dk RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009; Bro, Rasmus/A-7898-2008; Acar, Evrim/A-7161-2015; Bro, Rasmus/D-2378-2015 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493; Bro, Rasmus/0000-0002-7641-4854; Acar, Evrim/0000-0002-3737-292X; Bro, Rasmus/0000-0002-7641-4854 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1002/cem.1122 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 283YZ UT WOS:000254673700015 ER PT J AU Zhong, YF Liu, ZY Jacob, R AF Zhong, Yafang Liu, Zhengyu Jacob, R. TI Origin of pacific multidecadal variability in community climate system model, version 3 (CCSM3): A combined statistical and dynamical assessment SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTH PACIFIC; DECADAL VARIABILITY; SST ANOMALIES; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL VARIABILITY; ANALYTICAL PROTOTYPES; COUPLED MODEL AB Observations indicate that Pacific multidecadal variability (PMV) is a basinwide phenomenon with robust tropical-extratropical linkage, though its genesis remains the topic of much debate. In this study, the PMV in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) is investigated with a combined statistical and dynamical approach. In agreement with observations, the modeled North Pacific climate system undergoes coherent multidecadal atmospheric and oceanic variability of a characteristic quasi-50-yr time scale, with apparent connections to the tropical Indo-Pacific. The statistical assessment based on the CCSM3 control integration cannot exclusively identify the origin of the modeled multidecadal linkage, while confirming the two-way interactions between the tropical and extratropical Pacific. Two sensitivity experiments are performed to further investigate the origin of the PMV. With the atmosphere decoupled from the tropical ocean, multidecadal variability in the North Pacific climate remains outstanding. In contrast, without midlatitude oceanic feedback to atmosphere, an experiment shows much reduced multidecadal power in both extratropical atmosphere and surface ocean; moreover, the tropical multidecadal variability seen in the CCSM3 control run virtually disappears. The combined statistical and dynamical assessment supports a midlatitude coupled origin for the PMV, which can be described as follows: extratropical large-scale air-sea interaction gives rise to multidecadal variability in the North Pacific region; this extratropical signal then imprints itself in the tropical Indo-Pacific climate system, through a robust tropical-extratropical teleconnection. This study highlights a midlatitude origin of multidecadal tropical-extratropical linkage in the Pacific in the CCSM3. C1 [Zhong, Yafang; Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jacob, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhong, YF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yafangzhong@wisc.edu RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 NR 70 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 114 EP 133 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1730.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248XN UT WOS:000252190600008 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Okinaka, RT Svensson, R Shaw, K De, BK Robison, RA Probert, WS Brown, WD Keim, P AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Okinaka, Richard T. Svensson, Rita Shaw, Kathryn De, Barun K. Robison, Richard A. Probert, William S. Brown, William D. Keim, Paul TI Real-time PCR assays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the major Brucella clades SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENOME SEQUENCE; MELITENSIS; GENE; ABORTUS; OVIS; SUIS AB Members of the genus Brucella are known worldwide as pathogens of wildlife and livestock and are the most common organisms of zoonotic infection in humans. In general, brucellae exhibit a range of host specificity in animals that has led to the identification of at least seven Brucella species. The genomes of the various Brucella species are highly conserved, which makes the differentiation of species highly challenging. However, we found single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in housekeeping and other genes that differentiated the seven main Brucella species or clades and thus enabled us to develop real-time PCR. assays based around these SNPs. Screening of a diverse panel of 338 diverse isolates with these assays correctly identified each isolate with its previously determined Brucella clade. Six of the seven clade-specific assays detected DNA concentrations of less than 10 fg, indicating a high level of sensitivity. This SNP-based approach places samples into a phylogenetic framework, allowing reliable comparisons to be made among the lineages of clonal bacteria and providing a solid basis for genotyping. These PCR assays provide a rapid and highly sensitive method of differentiating the major Brucella groups that will be valuable for clinical and forensic applications. C1 [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.; Svensson, Rita; Shaw, Kathryn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [De, Barun K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Robison, Richard A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Probert, William S.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Microbial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1128/JCM.01491-01 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251RS UT WOS:000252392200039 PM 18032628 ER PT J AU Khangaonkar, T Yang, ZQ Paik, J Sotiropoulos, F AF Khangaonkar, Tarang Yang, Zhaoqing Paik, Joongcheol Sotiropoulos, Fotis TI Simulation of Hydrodynamics at Stratified Reservoirs Using a Staged Modeling Approach SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3-D modeling; hydrodynamics; computational fluid dynamics; temperature; fish passage; selective withdrawal; high-head dam; reservoir management; heat balance; hydropower ID FLOWS AB Hydropower reservoirs impounded by high-head darns exhibit complex circulation that confuses the downstream migrating salmon and limits successful collection and passage of fish. Fish passage engineers attempt to modify the hydrothermal behavior at reservoirs through structural and operational modifications and often use hydrodynamic simulations to guide their actions. Simulation of key hydrothermal processes such as (a) development of a stable two-layer stratified system, (b) density-driven currents over a reservoir length scale, and (c) discharge hydraulics near the power generation and fish collection intakes requires highly specialized models applied at differing temporal and spatial scales. A staged modeling approach is presented that uses external coupling of models at varying temporal scales and spatial resolution to simulate the entire hydraulic regime from the mouth of the reservoir at the upstream end to the discharge at the dam. The staged modeling approach is illustrated using a case study where structural modifications were evaluated to improve reservoir stratification and density-driven currents. The model results provided input and valuable insight in the development of a new structure design and configuration for effective fish collection near the forebay of a high-head dam. C1 [Khangaonkar, Tarang; Yang, Zhaoqing] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sotiropoulos, Fotis] Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Paik, Joongcheol] Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Gangwon, South Korea. RP Khangaonkar, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM tarang.khangaonkar@pnl.gov RI Sotiropoulos, Fotis/C-2163-2012 FU PGE FX The temperature and hydrodynamic models of Lake Billy Chinook were developed with funding from PGE. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Mr. Kevin Marshall, Ms. Julie Keil and Mr. Donald Ratliff of PGE who recognized the value of developing this predictive tool. We would also like to thank Mr. Charles Sweeney of ENSR and Mr. Paul Carson of formerly EES (formerly with Duke Engineering Services) who provided the technical review and model development guidance during the course of this study. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2008 SI 52 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V14MX UT WOS:000207739600008 ER PT J AU Yang, ZQ Khangaonkar, T AF Yang, Zhaoqing Khangaonkar, Tarang TI Modeling of Salt Intrusion, Intertidal Mixing, and Circulation in a Braided Estuary SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Unstructured model; tidal mixing; baroclinic flow; salt Intrusion; wetting and drying AB The Snohomish River is one of the largest rivers to discharge into to the Puget Sound estuarine system. The tidal circulation, mixing and salt intrusion processes in the Snohomish River estuary arc complex due to the presence of a large intertidal region, multiple distributary channels, and a sharp gradient of bottom elevation from the estuary to the fjordal depths of Puget Sound. To accurately simulate the tidal mixing and salt intrusion in such a complex system, a high-resolution model grid in both horizontal and vertical directions is required to represent the details of the geometry and bathymetry changes in the study domain. In this paper, a finite volume, unstructured coastal ocean model, FVCOM, was used to simulate the estuarine physical processes specific to the current state of the Snohomish River estuary, which consists of a number of dike-trained channels forming a uniquely braided system. The model was calibrated against observed data for a neap-spring tidal cycle collected during fall of 2006. Model simulations were carried out to study the tidal mixing, baroclinic flow, tidal residuals, salinity stratification and intrusion in the Snohomish River. Model results demonstrated that successful simulation of the physical processes in a complex braided estuary are feasible with a finite volume, unstructured model such as FVCOM. C1 [Yang, Zhaoqing; Khangaonkar, Tarang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM zhaoqing.yang@pnl.gov FU Tulalip Tribes of Washington State FX This study was funded by the Tulalip Tribes of Washington State. The authors would like to thank Maria Calvi and Kurt Nelson of the Tulalip Tribes for their support and inputs. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Changsheng Chen for providing the source code of FVCOM to conduct this research. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2008 SI 52 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V14MX UT WOS:000207739600017 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, Z Weronski, P Barbasz, J AF Adamczyk, Zbigniew Weronski, Pawel Barbasz, Jakub TI Formation of multilayered structures in the layer by layer deposition of colloid particles SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colloid deposition; deposition of particles; modeling of multilayer deposition of particles; multilayered colloid films; random sequential adsorption; self-assembling of colloid particles ID SITE HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHARGED LATEX-PARTICLES; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILM; IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; SEQUENTIAL ADSORPTION; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; ELECTROSTATIC ADSORPTION; DIFFUSIONAL DEPOSITION; HARD-SPHERES AB Theoretical calculations of particle film formation in the layer by layer (LbL) self-assembling processes have been performed according to the generalized random sequential adsorption (RSA) scheme. The first (precursor) layer was generated using the standard RSA scheme pertinent to homogeneous surface. Formation of the consecutive layers (up to twenty) was simulated for two kinds of particles of equal size. The interaction of two particles of different kind resulted in irreversible and localized adsorption upon contact, whereas particles of the same kind were assumed to interact via the hard potential (no adsorption possible). Using this algorithm particle coverage (2D density) and volume fraction (3D density) were calculated as well as the film thickness as a function of the number of layers. Additionally, the structure of the film was quantitatively characterized in terms of the 2D and 3D pair correlation functions. The simulations revealed that particle concentration distribution in the film was more uniform for low precursor layer density than for higher density, where well-defined layers of closely packed particles appeared. It was also predicted theoretically that the averaged value of particle volume fraction in the uniform film region was rho LbL = 0.42, which is very close to the maximum packing density equal to 0.382 predicted from the 3D RSA model. On the other hand, the roughness of the film was the lowest at the highest precursor layer density. It was shown that for low precursor layer density the film thickness increased with the number of layers in a nonlinear way. However, for high precursor layer density, the film thickness increased linearly with the number of layers and the average layer thickness was close to the hexagonal layer thickness equal to 1.73a(p). It was concluded that our theoretical results can be effectively exploited for interpretation of the LbL processes involving colloid particles and polyelectrolytes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adamczyk, Z (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. RI Adamczyk, Zbigniew/K-4697-2012 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 317 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.09.034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236DL UT WOS:000251283100001 PM 17949730 ER PT J AU Lutzenkirchen, J Boily, JF Gunneriusson, L Lovgren, L Sjoberg, S AF Luetzenkirchen, J. Boily, J. F. Gunneriusson, L. Loevgren, L. Sjoeberg, S. TI Protonation of different goethite surfaces - Unified models for NaNO3 and NaCl media SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE goethite; surface charge; surface complexation model ID STRUCTURAL APPROACH; SYNTHETIC GOETHITE; ION ADSORPTION; CRYSTAL FACES; SITE DENSITY; CHARGE; PARTICLES; INTERFACE; COMPLEXATION; (HYDR)OXIDES AB Acid-base titration data for two goethites samples in sodium nitrate and sodium chloride media are discussed. The data are modeled based on various surface complexation models in the framework of the multi site complexation (MUSIC) model. Various assumptions with respect to the goethite morphology are considered in determining the site density of the surface functional groups. The results from the various model applications are not statistically significant in terms of goodness of fit. More importantly, various published assumptions with respect to the goethite morphology (i.e., the contributions of different crystal planes and their repercussions on the "overall" site densities of the various surface functional groups) do not significantly affect the final model parameters within simple 1-pK approximations. The simultaneous fit of the chloride and nitrate data results in electrolyte binding constants, which are applicable over a wide range of electrolyte concentrations including mixtures of chloride and nitrate. Model parameters for the goethite sample with 90 m(2)/g specific surface area are in excellent agreement with parameters that were independently obtained by another group on different goethite titration data sets. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Geosci, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Lutzenkirchen, J (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Lutzenkirchen, Johannes/E-8269-2012 OI Lutzenkirchen, Johannes/0000-0002-0611-2746 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 317 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.055 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236DL UT WOS:000251283100019 PM 17936776 ER PT J AU Grillet, AM Gorby, AD Trujillo, SM Grant, RP Hodges, VC Parson, TB Grasser, TW AF Grillet, Anne M. Gorby, Allen D. Trujillo, Steven M. Grant, Richard P. Hodges, V. Carter Parson, Ted B. Grasser, Thomas W. TI Mechanical properties of anodized coatings over molten aluminum alloy SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microindentation; aluminum alloy; anodization; film strength high temperature AB A method to measure interfacial mechanical properties at high temperatures and in a controlled atmosphere has been developed to study anodized aluminum surface coatings at temperatures where the interior aluminum alloy is molten. This is the first time that the coating strength has been studied under these conditions. We have investigated the effects of ambient atmosphere, temperature, and surface finish on coating strength for samples of aluminum alloy 7075. Surprisingly, the effective Young's modulus or strength of the coating when tested in air was twice as high as when samples were tested in an inert nitrogen or argon atmosphere. Additionally, the effective Young's modulus of the anodized coating increased with temperature in an air atmosphere but was independent of temperature in an inert atmosphere. The effect of surface finish was also examined. Sandblasting the surface prior to anodization was found to increase the strength of the anodized coating with the greatest enhancement noted for a nitrogen atmosphere. Machining marks were not found to significantly affect the strength. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microscale Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid & Aero Expt Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Core Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grillet, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microscale Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amgrill@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 317 IS 1 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.045 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236DL UT WOS:000251283100032 PM 17945243 ER PT J AU Poineau, F Sattelberger, AP Czerwinski, KR AF Poineau, Frederic Sattelberger, Alfred P. Czerwinski, Kenneth R. TI XAFS spectroscopic study of Tc(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)X(2) (X = Cl, Br) SO JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE technetium; quadruply bonded dimers; carboxylate; EXAFS ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; EXAFS; OCTAFLUORODIRHENATE(III); SALT; TC AB Technetium dimers Tc(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)X(2) (X =Cl, Br) were synthesized and studied by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (XAFS). EXAFS analysis gave for Tc(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)Cl(2): d Tc-Tc = 2.18(1) angstrom, d Tc-Cl = 2.43(1) angstrom and for Tc(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)Br(2): d Tc-Tc =2.19(1) angstrom, d Tc-Br =2.63(1)angstrom. The Tc Tc separations are in agreement with Raman studies while the Tc-X distances are somewhat larger. Comparison with other Tc(III) quadruply bonded dimers indicates that the carboxylate compounds exhibit larger Tc-Tc separations. The effect of the terminal ligand (nature and position) on the Tc-Tc separation is discussed. C1 [Poineau, Frederic; Sattelberger, Alfred P.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poineau, F (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM freder29@unlv.nevada.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0095-8972 J9 J COORD CHEM JI J. Coord. Chem. PY 2008 VL 61 IS 15 BP 2356 EP 2370 DI 10.1080/00958970801927092 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 321WD UT WOS:000257336300002 ER PT J AU Cirigliano, V De Simone, A Isidori, G Masina, I Riotto, A AF Cirigliano, Vincenzo De Simone, Andrea Isidori, Gino Masina, Isabella Riotto, Antonio TI Quantum resonant leptogenesis and minimal lepton flavour violation SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrino properties; baryon asymmetry; cosmology of theories; beyond the SM ID CP-VIOLATION; GRAND UNIFICATION; NEUTRINO PHYSICS; NON-CONSERVATION; SEESAW MODEL; BARYOGENESIS; DECAYS; ASYMMETRY; UNIVERSE; BRIDGE AB It has recently been shown that the quantum Boltzmann equations may be relevant for the leptogenesis scenario. In particular, they lead to a time-dependent CP asymmetry which depends upon the previous dynamics of the system. This memory effect in the CP asymmetry is particularly important in resonant leptogenesis where the asymmetry is generated by the decays of nearly mass-degenerate right-handed neutrinos. We study the impact of the non-trivial time evolution of the CP asymmetry in the so-called minimal lepton flavour violation framework where the charged-lepton and the neutrino Yukawa couplings are the only irreducible sources of lepton flavour symmetry breaking and resonant leptogenesis is achieved. We show that significant quantitative differences arise with respect to the case in which the time dependence of the CP asymmetry is neglected. C1 [Cirigliano, Vincenzo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [De Simone, Andrea] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Isidori, Gino] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Isidori, Gino] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Masina, Isabella; Riotto, Antonio] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Riotto, Antonio] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Cirigliano, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cirigliano@lanl.gov; andreads@mit.edu; Gino.Isidori@lnf.infn.it; imasina@mail.cern.ch; riotto@mail.cern.ch OI De Simone, Andrea/0000-0003-1887-0410 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 IS 1 AR 004 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2008/01/004 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 259IE UT WOS:000252932200028 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Kaminski, MD Pytel, P MacDonald, L Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, Haitao Kaminski, Michael D. Pytel, Peter MacDonald, Loch Rosengart, Axel J. TI Capture of magnetic carriers within large arteries using external magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING LA English DT Article DE magnetic carriers; drug delivery; thrombolysis; stroke therapy ID TARGETED DRUG-DELIVERY; MICROSPHERES; PREVENTION; THROMBOSIS; RETENTION; GUIDANCE; ASPIRIN; FLUIDS AB Our overall research goal is to advance the safety and effectiveness of acute ischemic stroke therapy by improving the benefit/risk ratio of thrombolysis and hence, the long-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke victims. Our approach is the development of a novel tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) delivery system based on t-PA-loaded magnetic nano- and microcarriers guided directly to the site of vascular occlusion by external magnetic fields. Such a t-PA delivery system would conveniently combine the advantages of both intravenous (systemic) and intraarterial (catheter-facilitated) thrombolysis: non-invasiveness - the magnetic t-PA carriers can be injected intravenously and targeted, as drug delivery is magnetically guided to and t-PA focally released at and within the vascular clot to induce lysis. The focus of our discussion are the two necessary, fundamental and interrelated bioengineering steps: the research and development of well-characterized, biocompatible, functionally active and t-PA-loaded (encapsulated) magnetic nano- and microcarriers able to induce effective thrombolysis, and the design of magnetic guidance systems for targeted tPA-delivery allowing also the triggered release of the thrombolytic agent at the clot site. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrated magnetic trapping of blood borne magnetic nano- and microcarriers from human large vessels, especially arteries. Then, some preliminary experiments using primate models (monkeys) were done to identify successful in vivo sequestration of magnetic carriers in large and smaller arterial branches after arterial upstream and systemic venous injection. Histology (hematoxylin-eosin stain) verified intraarterial carrier concentration (identified as black carrier agglomerates on H and E staining) at the arterial region above the surface magnet. The results revealed the feasibility of magnetic drug-targeting at arteries and solidified the proposed t-PA delivery system. C1 [Chen, Haitao; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Programe, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, Haitao] IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Forens & Nanoscale Engn Grp, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pytel, Peter] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [MacDonald, Loch; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Programe, Dept Neurol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM arosenga@neurology.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-186X J9 J DRUG TARGET JI J. Drug Target. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1080/10611860801900892 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 294YG UT WOS:000255441600002 PM 18446604 ER PT J AU Smith, KA Rahn, CD Wang, CY AF Smith, Kandler A. Rahn, Christopher D. Wang, Chao-Yang TI Model order reduction of 1D diffusion systems via residue grouping SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE model order reduction; residue grouping; diffusion; system identification; Karhunen-Loeve transform ID DYNAMICS; CELL AB A model order reduction method is developed and applied to ID diffusion systems with negative real eigenvalues. Spatially distributed residues are found either analytically (from a transcendental transfer function) or numerically (from a finite element or finite difference state space model), and residues with similar eigenvalues are grouped together to reduce the model order. Two examples are presented from a model of a lithium ion electrochemical cell. Reduced order grouped models are compared to full order models and models of the same order in which optimal eigenvalues and residues are found numerically. The grouped models give near-optimal performance with roughly 1/20 the computation time of the full order models and require 1000-5000 times less CPU time for numerical identification compared to the optimization procedure. C1 [Rahn, Christopher D.; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smith, Kandler A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rahn, CD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cdrahn@psu.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011012 DI 10.1115/1.2807068 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 260DR UT WOS:000252991500012 ER PT J AU Tarver, CM Koerner, JG AF Tarver, Craig M. Koerner, Jake G. TI Effects of endothermic binders on times to explosion of HMX- and TATB-Based plastic bonded explosives SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE endothermic binders; HMX; TATB; thermal explosion ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SOLID EXPLOSIVES; KINETICS AB Plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) based on octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) formulated with the endothermic binders Estane, Viton, or Kel-F exhibit longer times to thermal explosion than do pure HMX and TATB in the one-dimensional time to explosion (ODTX) and in other thermal experiments. Previous chemical kinetic thermal decomposition models for HMX- and TATB- based PBXs assumed that the binders decomposed independently of and at lower temperatures than the explosives. Recent chemical decomposition rate measurements showed that Estane, Viton, and Kel-F are more thermally stable than HMX and TATB. Thus, the longer thermal explosion times for these PBXs are most likely due to endothermic decompositions of the binders by reactions with the gaseous decomposition products of HMX and TATB. New PBX chemical decomposition models are developed using the global HMX and TATB models, measured binder kinetics, and cross-reactions between gaseous explosive products and binders. These new models accurately predict ODTX time to explosion and other experimental data. C1 [Tarver, Craig M.; Koerner, Jake G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, L-282,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tarver1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1080/07370650701719170 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 251VZ UT WOS:000252405500001 ER PT J AU Moore, DS Lee, KY Hagelberg, SI AF Moore, D. S. Lee, K. -Y. Hagelberg, S. I. TI Submicron-sized Gamma-HMX: II. Effect of pressing on phase transition SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gamma-HMX; polymorphic phase transition; Raman spectroscopy AB In a previous article we described the preparation and initial characterization of a novel submicron-sized HMX (sm-HMX). Using Raman spectroscopy, the sm-HMX was found to be the gamma polymorph and to be stable with respect to conversion to beta-HMX under ambient conditions for at least a year. Pressing of sm-HMX powder in a small diameter pellet press at pressures from 10,000 to 31,000psi and 1- to 5-min hold times was found to promote the gamma-to-beta polymorphic phase transition. The fraction converted and rate of conversion versus time after pellet removal from the press were found to fit a sigmoidal curve, indicating nucleation and growth as a possible polymorphic transition mechanism. C1 [Moore, D. S.; Lee, K. -Y.; Hagelberg, S. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop P952,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moored@lanl.gov RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1080/07370650701719337 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 251VZ UT WOS:000252405500004 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DM Willey, TM Mitchell, AR Depiero, SC AF Hoffman, D. Mark Willey, Trevor M. Mitchell, Alexander R. Depiero, Sabrina C. TI Comparison of new and legacy TATBs SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE density; morphology; SAXS; TATB; thermal stability; voids ID 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; EXPLOSIVES AB Two newly synthesized versions of the insensitive high explosive (IHE) 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) were compared to two legacy explosives currently used by the Department of Energy. Except for thermal analysis, small-scale safety tests could not distinguish between the different synthetic routes. Morphologies of new TATBs were less faceted and more spherical. The particle size distribution of one new material was similar to legacy TATBs, but the other was very fine. Densities and submicron structure of the new TATBs were also significantly different from the legacy explosives and the densities of pressed pellets were lower. Recrystallization of both new TATBs from sulfolane produced nearly hexagonal platelets with improved density and thermal stability. C1 [Hoffman, D. Mark; Willey, Trevor M.; Mitchell, Alexander R.; Depiero, Sabrina C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hoffman, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hoffman2@llnl.gov RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; NR 42 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 139 EP 162 DI 10.1080/07370650801922195 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 298LE UT WOS:000255688400001 ER PT J AU Pint, BA More, KL Trejo, R Lara-Curzio, E AF Pint, Bruce A. More, Karren L. Trejo, Rosa Lara-Curzio, Edgar TI Comparison of recuperator alloy degradation in laboratory and engine testing SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; VOLATILIZATION; STEEL AB In order to increase the efficiency of advanced microturbines, durable alloy foils are needed for their recuperators to operate at 650-700 degrees C. Prior work has demonstrated that water vapor in the exhaust gas causes more rapid consumption of Cr from austenitic alloys, leading to a reduction in lifetime for the thin-walled components in this application. New commercial alloy foils are being tested in both laboratory tests in humid air and in the exhaust gas of a modified 60 kW microturbine. Initial results are presented for a commercial batch of 80 mu m alloy 120 foil. The Cr consumption rates in laboratory testing were similar to those observed in previous testing. The initial results from the microturbine indicate a faster Cr consumption rate compared to the laboratory test, but longer term results are needed to quantify the difference. These results will help to verify a Cr consumption model for predicting lifetimes in this environment based on classical gas transport theory. C1 [Pint, Bruce A.; More, Karren L.; Trejo, Rosa; Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 DI 10.1115/1.2436565 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 267BU UT WOS:000253484200023 ER PT J AU Richards, GA Robey, EH AF Richards, Geo A. Robey, Edward H. TI Effect of fuel system impedance mismatch on combustion dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PASSIVE CONTROL; GAS-TURBINE; INSTABILITY AB Combustion dynamics are a challenging problem in the design and operation of premixed gas turbine combustors. In premixed combustors, pressure oscillations created by the flame dynamic response can lead to damage. These dynamics are typically controlled by designing the combustor to achieve a stable operation for planned conditions, but dynamics may still occur with minor changes in ambient operating conditions or fuel composition. In these situations, pilot flames or adjustment to fuel flow splits can be used to stabilize the combustor but often with a compromise in emission performance. As an alternative to purely passive design changes, prior studies have demonstrated that adjustment to the fuel system impedance can be used to stabilize combustion. Prior studies have considered just the response of an individual fuel injector and combustor However in practical combustion systems, multiple fuel injectors are used In this situation, individual injector impedance can be modified to produce a different dynamic response from individual flames. The resulting impedance mismatch prevents all injectors from strongly coupling to the same acoustic mode. In principle, this mismatch should reduce the amplitude of dynamics and may expand the operating margin for stable combustion conditions. In this paper a 30 kW laboratory combustor With two premixed fuel injectors is used to study the effect of impedance mismatch on combustion stability. The two fuel injectors are equipped with variable geometry resonators that allow a survey of dynamic stability while changing the impedance of the individual fuel systems. Results demonstrate that a wide variation in dynamic response can be achieved by combining different impedance fuel injectors. A base line 7% rms pressure oscillation was reduced to less than 3% by mismatching the fuel impedance. C1 [Richards, Geo A.; Robey, Edward H.] US DOE, Natl Renewable Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Richards, GA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Renewable Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gricha@netl.doe.gov; eroby@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 DI 10.1115/1.2771249 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 267BU UT WOS:000253484200014 ER PT J AU Sovacool, BK Siman-Sovacool, KE AF Sovacool, Benjamin K. Siman-Sovacool, Kelly E. TI Creating Legal Teeth for Toothfish: Using the Market to Protect Fish Stocks in Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW LA English DT Article DE Marine policy; overfishing; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources; Patagonian Toothfish; flags of convenience; illegal unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing AB Policies to protect Antarctic and Patagonian Toothfish in the Southern Ocean are failing. Contests over sovereignty, the need for international decisions to be approved by consensus, inability to physically patrol the Southern Ocean, and the political vacuum created by the designation of the 'high seas' have each contributed to an overfishing crisis in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. After documenting the contours of this fishing crisis and explaining how international law is unable to prevent it, this article proposes a fundamental shift in strategy away from supply-side controls that require a presence in Antarctica where the overfishing occurs. Lawmakers must utilise more rigorous demand-side measures if Toothfish stocks are to be preserved and allowed to recover. C1 [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sovacool, BK (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Govt & Int Affairs Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sovacool@vt.edu; simanke@vt.edu OI Sovacool, Benjamin/0000-0002-4794-9403 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0952-8873 J9 J ENVIRON LAW JI J. Environ. Law PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1093/jel/eqm024 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Law; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V15JH UT WOS:000207797800007 ER PT J AU Hamilton, TF Martinelli, RE Kehl, SR McAninch, JE AF Hamilton, Terry F. Martinelli, Roger E. Kehl, Steven R. McAninch, Jeffrey E. TI The plutonium isotopic composition of marine biota on Enewetak Atoll: a preliminary assessment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID BIKINI; SITE AB We have determined the level and distribution of gamma-emitting radionuclides, plutonium activity concentrations, and (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratios in tissue samples of giant clam (Tridacna gigas and Hippopus hippopus), a top snail (Trochus nilaticas) and sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) collected from different locations around Enewetak Atoll. The plutonium isotopic measurements were performed using ultra-high sensitivity accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Elevated levels of plutonium were observed in the stomachs (includes the stomach lining) of Tridacna clam (0.62 to 2.98 Bq kg(-1), wet wt.), in the soft parts (edible portion) of top snails (0.25 to 1.7 Bq kg(-1), wet wt.) and, to a lesser extent, in sea cucumber (0.015 to 0.22 Bq kg(-1), wet wt.) relative to muscle tissue concentrations in clam (0.006 to 0.021 Bq kg(-1), wet wt.) and in comparison with previous measurements of plutonium in fish. These data and information provide a basis for re-evaluating the relative significance of dietary intakes of plutonium from marine foods on Enewetak Atoll and, perhaps most importantly, demonstrate that discrete (240)Pu/(239)Pu isotope signatures might well provide a useful investigative tool to monitor source-term attribution and consequences on Enewetak Atoll. One potential application of immediate interest is to monitor and assess the health and ecological impacts of leakage of plutonium (as well as other radionuclides) from a low-level radioactive waste repository on Runit Island relative to background levels of fallout contamination in Enewetak Atoll lagoon. C1 [Hamilton, Terry F.; McAninch, Jeffrey E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, CMELS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Martinelli, Roger E.; Kehl, Steven R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hamilton, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, CMELS, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hamilton18@llnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of International Health Studies; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; [DE-AC5207NA27344.] FX The Marshall Islands Dose and Radioecology Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is administered under the Global Security Principal Directorate. We thank our sponsors at the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of International Health Studies, for funding support. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC5207NA27344. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1039/b806077k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 358BA UT WOS:000259890100003 PM 18843389 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Hamilton, TR Bogen, KT Conrado, CL Kehl, SR AF Robison, William L. Hamilton, Terry R. Bogen, Kenneth T. Conrado, Cynthia L. Kehl, Steven R. TI Cs-137 inter-plant concentration ratios provide a predictive tool for coral atolls with distinct benefits over transfer factors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; inter-plant concentration ratio; transfer factors; radionuclide prediction ID NUCLEAR TEST SITE; BIKINI ATOLL; SOIL; RADIONUCLIDES; RADIOCESIUM; ELEMENTS; VALUES AB Inter-plant concentration ratios (IPCR) [Bq g(-1) Cs-137 in coral atoll tree food crops/Bq g(-1) Cs-137 in leaves of native plant species whose roots share a common soil volume] can replace transfer factors (TF) to predict Cs-137 concentration in tree food crops in a contaminated area with an aged source term. The IPCR strategy has significant benefits relative to TF strategy for such purposes in the atoll ecosystem. IPCR strategy applied to specific assessments takes advantage of the fact that tree roots naturally integrate Cs-137 over large volumes of soil. Root absorption of Cs-137 replaces large-scale, expensive soil sampling schemes to reduce variability in Cs-137 concentration due to inhomogeneous radionuclide distribution. IPCR [drinking-coconut meat (DCM)/Scaevola (SCA) and Tournefortia (TOU) leaves (native trees growing on all atoll islands)] are log-normally distributed (LND) with geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.85. TF for DCM from Enewetak, Eneu, Rongelap and Bikini Atolls are LND with GSDs of 3.5, 3.0, 2.7, and 2.1, respectively. TF GSD for Rongelap copra coconut meat is 2.5. IPCR of Pandanus fruit to SCA and TOU leaves are LND with GSD = 1.7 while TF GSD is 2.1. Because IPCR variability is much lower than TF variability, relative sampling error of an IPCR field sample mean is up 6- to 10-fold lower than that of a TF sample mean if sample sizes are small (10-20). Other IPCR advantages are that plant leaf samples are collected and processed in far less time with much less effort and cost than soil samples. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robison, William L.; Hamilton, Terry R.; Bogen, Kenneth T.; Conrado, Cynthia L.; Kehl, Steven R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robison, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorat, 7000 E Ave,L-642, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robison1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.08.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 274KJ UT WOS:000253999900016 PM 17904254 ER PT J AU Yang, HQ Xu, ZH Fan, MH Gupta, R Slimane, RB Bland, AE Wright, I AF Yang, Hongqun Xu, Zhenghe Fan, Maohong Gupta, Rajender Slimane, Rachid B. Bland, Alan E. Wright, Ian TI Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE coal; flue gas; carbon dioxide; sorbent; absorption; adsorption; membrane; separation; sequestration ID GAS-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES; CO2 CAPTURE; OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; ZEOLITE MEMBRANE; HYBRID MEMBRANES; FLUE-GASES; AQUEOUS MONOETHANOLAMINE; MESOPOROUS SILICAS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered. C1 [Yang, Hongqun; Xu, Zhenghe; Gupta, Rajender] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada. [Fan, Maohong] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slimane, Rachid B.] Inst Gas Technol, Des Plaines, IA USA. [Bland, Alan E.] Western Res Inst, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Wright, Ian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, HQ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada. EM hongqun@ualberta.ca; mfan3@mail.gatech.edu RI Xu, Zhenghe/D-6173-2011 NR 88 TC 799 Z9 844 U1 151 U2 985 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 14 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60002-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 252OL UT WOS:000252455700002 PM 18572517 ER PT J AU Marshall, AC AF Marshall, Albert C. TI Gulf war depleted uranium risks SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; cancer; exposure modeling; inhalation exposure; particulate matter; radiation; metals ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CELLS; VETERANS; TRANSFORMATION; FRAGMENTS; RATS AB US and British forces used depleted uranium (DU) in armor-piercing rounds to disable enemy tanks during the Gulf and Balkan Wars. Uranium particulate is generated by DU shell impact and particulate entrained in air may be inhaled or ingested by troops and nearby civilian populations. As uranium is slightly radioactive and chemically toxic, a number of critics have asserted that DU exposure has resulted in a variety of adverse health effects for exposed veterans and nearby civilian populations. The study described in this paper used mathematical modeling to estimate health risks from exposure to DU during the 1991 Gulf War for both US troops and nearby Iraqi civilians. The analysis found that the risks of DU-induced leukemia or birth defects are far too small to result in an observable increase in these health effects among exposed veterans or Iraqi civilians. The analysis indicated that only a few (similar to 5) US veterans in vehicles accidentally targeted by US tanks received significant exposure levels, resulting in about a 1.4% lifetime risk of DU radiation-induced fatal cancer (compared with about a 24% risk of a fatal cancer from all other causes). These veterans may have also experienced temporary kidney damage. Iraqi children playing for 500 h in DU-destroyed vehicles are predicted to incur a cancer risk of about 0.4%. In vitro and animal tests suggest the possibility of chemically induced health effects from DU internalization, such as immune system impairment. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of these findings for Gulf War exposure to DU. Veterans and civilians who did not occupy DU-contaminated vehicles are unlikely to have internalized quantities of DU significantly in excess of normal internalization of natural uranium from the environment. C1 [Marshall, Albert C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87047 USA. RP Marshall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 52,Sandia Pk, Albuquerque, NM 87047 USA. EM physbang1@msn.com NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500551 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 243TR UT WOS:000251820700009 PM 17299528 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Dimenna, RA Leishear, RA Stefanko, DB AF Lee, Si Y. Dimenna, Richard A. Leishear, Robert A. Stefanko, David B. TI Analysis of turbulent mixing jets in a large scale tank SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Flow evolution models were developed to evaluate the performance of the new advanced design mixer pump for sludge mixing and removal operations with high-velocity liquid jets in one of the large-scale Savannah River Site waste tanks, Tank 18. This paper describes the computational model, the flow measurements used to provide validation data in the region far from the jet nozzle, and the extension of the computational results to real tank conditions through the use of existing sludge suspension data. A computational fluid dynamics approach was used to simulate the sludge removal operations. The models employed a three-dimensional representation of the tank with a two-equation turbulence model. Both the computational approach and the models were validated with onsite test data reported here and literature data. The model was then extended to actual conditions in Tank 18 through a velocity criterion to predict the ability of the new pump design to suspend settled sludge. A qualitative comparison with sludge removal operations in Tank 18 showed a reasonably good comparison with final results subject to significant uncertainties in actual sludge properties. C1 [Lee, Si Y.; Dimenna, Richard A.; Leishear, Robert A.; Stefanko, David B.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov; richard.dimenna@srnl.doe.gov; robert.leishear@srnl.doe.gov; david.stefanko@srnl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011104 DI 10.1115/1.2820989 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 260NW UT WOS:000253018000004 ER PT J AU Price, SF Payne, AJ Catania, GA Neumann, TA AF Price, S. F. Payne, A. J. Catania, G. A. Neumann, T. A. TI Seasonal acceleration of inland ice via longitudinal coupling to marginal ice SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYTHERMAL VALLEY GLACIER; WEST GREENLAND; MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE MELT; SHEET FLOW; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS AB We use an ice-flow model to demonstrate how flow variations initiated in the marginal zone of an ice sheet affect flow farther inland through longitudinal (along-flow) coupling. Our findings allow for an alternate interpretation of seasonal accelerations observed near the equilibrium line of the Greenland ice sheet (Zwally and others, 2002). We demonstrate that these observations can be explained by accelerations initiated up to 12 km closer to the margin where the ice is similar to 40% thinner, is heavily crevassed, experiences a seasonal doubling of velocity, and where the ablation rate, surface meltwater flux and ice temperature are likely higher. Our modeling and observations suggest that conditions and processes normally found near ice-sheet margins are adequate for explaining the observations of Zwally and others (2002). This and considerations of the likely subglacial hydrology in the marginal zone lead us to suggest that seasonal accelerations may have limited impact on ice-sheet mass balance even in the face of climate warming. C1 [Price, S. F.; Payne, A. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Catania, G. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Neumann, T. A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Price, SF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, T-3,Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sprice@lanl.gov RI payne, antony/A-8916-2008; Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012; Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013 OI payne, antony/0000-0001-8825-8425; Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 185 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.3189/002214308784886117 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 316KW UT WOS:000256949400002 ER PT J AU Catania, GA Neumann, TA Price, SF AF Catania, Ginny A. Neumann, Thomas A. Price, Stephen F. TI Characterizing englacial drainage in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; BASAL MELT; GLACIER; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; STORGLACIAREN; ACCELERATION; FRACTURE; SWEDEN; LAKES AB Rapid, local drainage of surface meltwater to the base of the Greenland ice sheet is thought to result in surface velocity variations as far inland as the equilibrium zone (Zwally and others, 2002). Ice-penetrating radar surveys throughout this region allow us to characterize englacial drainage features that appear as vertically stacked diffraction hyperbolae in common-offset profiles. These data are used with a radar-simulation model, which allows for variations in geometry, penetration depth and infill material, to understand the characteristics of these hyperbolae and the likelihood that they are produced by moulins. We find only a moderate correlation between the locations of these possible moulins and supraglacial lakes, indicating that many lakes drain over the surface of the ice sheet, or do not contain sufficient water to reach the bed through moulin formation. We find a strong correlation between moulin location in the ablation region and elevated along-flow tension (due to flow over rough bedrock), which generates surface crevassing and provides an entry point for meltwater. Although theory suggests that moulins may form anywhere on the ice sheet given sufficient meltwater input, our data suggest that they are far more common in the ablation zone than near, or inland from, the equilibrium line. C1 [Catania, Ginny A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Neumann, Thomas A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Price, Stephen F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Catania, GA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM gcatania@ig.utexas.edu RI Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008; Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012; Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013 OI Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553 FU NASA [NNG06GGA83G] FX We thank J. Runirill, J. Greenbaurn and VECO Support staff for valuable contributions in the field. Landsat images were provided through the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. Supraglacial lake locations were kindly provided by J. Joughin. This work was supported by NASA grant NNG06GGA83G to Catania and Neumann and in part by the John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences and the Geology Foundation at the University of Texas at Austin. We also thank Robert Bingham, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments which led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 48 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2008 VL 54 IS 187 BP 567 EP 578 DI 10.3189/002214308786570854 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 374XF UT WOS:000261076300001 ER PT J AU Azeyanagi, T Hirata, T Hanada, M Ishikawa, T AF Azeyanagi, Tatsuo Hirata, Tornoyoshi Hanada, Masanori Ishikawa, Tomomi TI Phase structure of twisted Eguchi-Kawai model SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE m(atrix) theories; lattice gauge field theories; lattice quantum field theory ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; FIELD-THEORIES; REDUCED MODEL; STRING THEORY; MATRIX MODEL; REDUCTION; DYNAMICS AB Twisted Eguchi-Kawai model is a useful tool for studying the large-N gauge theory. It can also provide a nonperturbative formulation of the gauge theory on noncommutative spaces. Recently it was found that the Z(N)(4) symmetry in this model, which is crucial for the above applications, can break spontaneously in the intermediate coupling region. In this article, we study the phase structure of this model using the Monte-Carlo simulation. In particular, we elaborately investigate the symmetry breaking point from the weak coupling side. The simulation results show that we cannot take a continuum limit for this model. C1 [Azeyanagi, Tatsuo; Hirata, Tornoyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hanada, Masanori] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Hanada, Masanori] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Theoret Phys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Ishikawa, Tomomi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Azeyanagi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM aze@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; hirata@gauge.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; masanori.hanada@weizmann.ac.il; tomomi@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 IS 1 AR 025 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 260AX UT WOS:000252983400052 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, V Gimon, EG Levi, TS AF Balasubramanian, Vijay Gimon, Eric G. Levi, Thomas S. TI Four dimensional black hole microstates: from D-branes to spacetime foam SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE d-branes; black holes in string theory; black holes ID INFORMATION RECOVERY; STRING STATES; BOUND-STATES; SUPERGRAVITY; DIMENSIONS; DUALITY; ENTROPY; TRIALITY; PROPOSAL; PARADOX AB We propose that every supersymmetric four dimensional black hole of finite area can be split up into microstates made up of primitive half-BPS "atoms". The mutual non-locality of the charges of these "atoms" binds the state together. In support of this proposal, we display a class of smooth, horizon-free, four dimensional supergravity solutions carrying the charges of black holes, with multiple centers each carrying the charge of a half-BPS state. At vanishing string coupling the solutions collapse to a bound system of intersecting D-branes. At weak coupling the system expands into the non-compact directions forming a topologically complex geometry. At strong coupling, a new dimension opens up, and the solutions form a "foam" of spheres threaded by flux in M-theory. We propose that this transverse growth of the underlying bound state of constitutent branes is responsible for the emergence of black hole horizons for coarse-grained observables. As such, it suggests the link between the D-brane and "spacetime foam" approaches to black hole entropy. C1 [Balasubramanian, Vijay; Levi, Thomas S.] Univ Penn, David Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gimon, Eric G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gimon, Eric G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, David Rittenhouse Labs, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM vijay@physics.upenn.edu; eggimon@lbl.gov; tslevi@sas.upenn.edu NR 64 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 IS 1 AR 056 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 260AX UT WOS:000252983400021 ER PT J AU Gimon, EG Larsen, F Simon, J AF Gimon, Eric G. Larsen, Finn Simon, Joan TI Black holes in supergravity: the non-BPS branch SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE d-branes; black holes in string theory; black holes ID N=2 SUPERGRAVITY; FIXED SCALARS; MODULI SPACE; BOUND-STATES; U-DUALITY; ATTRACTORS; SUPERSYMMETRY; TRIALITY; CHARGES AB We construct extremal, spherically symmetric black hole solutions to 4D supergravity with charge assignments that preclude BPS-saturation. In particular, we determine the ground state energy as a function of charges and moduli. We find that the mass of the non-BPS black hole remains that of a marginal bound state of four basic constituents throughout the entire moduli space and that there is always a non-zero gap above the BPS bound. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Maxwell Inst Math Sci, Sch Math, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Gimon, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 Leconte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eggimon@lbl.gov; larsenf@umich.edu; J.Simon@ed.ac.uk NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 IS 1 AR 040 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 260AX UT WOS:000252983400037 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Unique identification of Lee-Wick gauge bosons at linear colliders SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; electromagnetic processes and properties ID KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; MODELS; BOUNDS AB Grinstein, O'Connell and Wise have recently presented an extension of the Standard Model (SM), based on the ideas of Lee and Wick (LW), which demonstrates an interesting way to remove the quadratically divergent contributions to the Higgs mass induced by radiative corrections. This model predicts the existence of negative-norm copies of the usual SM fields at the TeV scale with ghost-like propagators and negative decay widths, but with otherwise SM-like couplings. In earlier work, it was demonstrated that the LW states in the gauge boson sector of these models, though easy to observe, cannot be uniquely identified as such at the LHC. In this paper, we address the issue of whether or not this problem can be resolved at an e+e- collider with a suitable center of mass energy range. We find that measurements of the cross section and the left-right polarization asymmetry associated with Bhabha scattering can lead to a unique identification of the neutral electroweak gauge bosons of the Lee-Wick type. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 IS 1 AR 042 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/01/042 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 260AX UT WOS:000252983400035 ER PT J AU Linkous, DH Flinn, JM Koh, JY Lanzirotti, A Bertsch, PM Jones, BF Giblin, LJ Frederickson, CJ AF Linkous, David H. Flinn, Jane M. Koh, Jae Y. Lanzirotti, Antonio Bertsch, Paul M. Jones, Blair F. Giblin, Leonard J. Frederickson, Christopher J. TI Evidence that the ZNT3 protein controls the total amount of elemental zinc in synaptic vesicles SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mossy fibers; ZNT3; glutamate; zinc release; hilus; X-ray; fluorescence; knockout ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEMORY; BRAIN; MOUSE; MICE; HIPPOCAMPUS; TISSUE; TASK AB The ZNT3 protein decorates the presynaptic vesicles of central neurons harboring vesicular zinc, and deletion of this protein removes staining for zinc. However, it has been unclear whether only histochemically reactive zinc is lacking or if, indeed, total elemental zinc is missing from neurons lacking the Slc30a3 gene, which encodes the ZNT3 protein. The limitations of conventional histochemical procedures have contributed to this enigma. However, a novel technique, microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, reveals that the normal 2- to 3-fold elevation of zinc concentration normally present in the hippocampal mossy fibers is absent in Slc30a3 knockout (ZNT3) mice. Thus, the ZNT3 protein evidently controls not only the "stainability" but also the actual mass of zinc in mossy-fiber synaptic vesicles. This work thus confirms the metal-transporting role of the ZNT3 protein in the brain. C1 [Giblin, Leonard J.; Frederickson, Christopher J.] NeuroBioTex Inc, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Jones, Blair F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Koh, Jae Y.] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Seoul, South Korea. [Linkous, David H.; Flinn, Jane M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Frederickson, CJ (reprint author), NeuroBioTex Inc, 101 Christopher Columbus Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM c.j.frederickson@neurobiotex.com RI Koh, Jae-Young/C-9014-2011 OI Koh, Jae-Young/0000-0002-4318-495X FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-003924, R01 EB003924]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-41682, NS-42849, R01 NS042849, R43 NS041682, R44 NS041682] NR 18 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1369/jhc.6A7035.2007 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 242DR UT WOS:000251705200002 PM 17712179 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Winter, CL AF Tartakovsky, Daniel M. Winter, C. L. TI Uncertain future of hydrogeology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Annual Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union AB Many of hydrogeology's most fundamental questions remain unresolved today, a hundred years after the basic governing equations for groundwater flow and transport were formulated. This paper provides a brief overview of the field and outlines the future directions, with a special emphasis on uncertainty quantification. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. [Winter, C. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Math Appl Geosci, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:1(37) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 244FX UT WOS:000251852900007 ER PT J AU Tauke-Pedretti, A Dummer, MM Sysak, MN Barton, JS Klampkin, J Raring, JW Coldren, LA AF Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Dummer, Matthew M. Sysak, Matthew N. Barton, Jonathon S. Klampkin, Jonathan Raring, James W. Coldren, Larry A. TI Separate absorption and modulation Mach-Zehnder wavelength converter SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC) CY MAR, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA DE Mach-Zehnder modulator; offset quantum wells; optical modulation; photonic integrated circuits (PICs); sampled-grating DBR laser (SGDBR); semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); tunable lasers; wavelength converter ID INTEGRATION PLATFORM; LASERS; PHOTODIODE; NETWORKS; GAIN AB A monolithic separate absorption and moduation region (SAM) wavelength converter is demonstrated. The transmitter consists of a sampled-grating DBR (SGDBR) laser and a series-push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator. The preamplified receiver is composed of a flared semiconductor optical amplifier and a quantum-well pin photodetector. Integrated resistors and capacitors are used to minimize microwave losses and remove the need for external bias tees. The design, fabrication, and operation of this photonic integrated circuit is presented. Small-signal response measurements show a device bandwidth in excess of 20 GHz. Operation at 40 Gbps with NRZ data shows less than a 2.5-dB power penalty across the 32-nm laser tuning range with no additional power penalty for conversion to the input wavelength. C1 [Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Dummer, Matthew M.; Sysak, Matthew N.; Barton, Jonathon S.; Coldren, Larry A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sysak, Matthew N.] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Klampkin, Jonathan; Raring, James W.; Coldren, Larry A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Raring, James W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tauke-Pedretti, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM atauke@engineering.ucsb.edu; dummer@engineering.ucsb.edu; matthew.n.sysak@intel.com; jsbarton@engineering.ucsb.edu; klamkin@engineering.ucsb.edu; jraring@sandia.gov; coldren@ece.ucsb.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1109/JLT.2007.913020 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 265WC UT WOS:000253391500013 ER PT J AU Dovgolevsky, E Kirmayer, S Lakin, E Yang, Y Brinker, CJ Frey, GL AF Dovgolevsky, E. Kirmayer, S. Lakin, E. Yang, Y. Brinker, C. J. Frey, G. L. TI Self-assembled conjugated polymer-surfactant-silica mesostructures and their integration into light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; LUMINESCENT MOLECULES; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BLUE EMISSION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; STABILITY; POLY(9,9-DIOCTYLFLUORENE) AB A self-assembly process for the preparation of functional mesoscopically ordered semiconducting polymer-silica nanocomposite thin films is reported. The nanocomposites are prepared by introducing pre- synthesized semiconducting polymers into a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water homogeneous sol solution containing silica precursor species and a surface- active agent. Depending on the concentration of the surface-active agent, it was possible to prepare materials with three different types of mesostructural order: i) a 2D hexagonal mesophase silica with conjugated polymer guest species incorporated within the hydrophobic cylinders organized in domains aligned parallel to the substrate surface plane; ii) a lamellar mesophase silica with the layers oriented parallel to the substrate surface and the conjugated polymer guest species incorporated in the hydrophobic layers; or iii) an apparent intermediate phase consisting of a mixture of the hexagonal and lamellar phases in addition to worm- like aggregates with no appreciable orientational order. The continuous through- film conductive pathway provided by the intermediate phase has allowed the integration of ordered semiconducting polymer - silica nanocomposites into opto-electronic devices. By comparison, the lamellar mesostructure prevents through-film conduction, with the result that no light emission occurs. Blue-, green- and red-emitting diodes comprising blue-emitting poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) ( PFO), green-emitting poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)- co-1,4-benzo-(2,1 ',3)-thiadiazole) (F8BT), and red-emitting poly[2-methoxy-5(2 '-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) confined within the 2D hexagonal silica nanostructure were fabricated with luminances of ca. 3 cd m(-2) at 15 V. Device performances provide criteria for optimizing the selection of synthesis chemistries, processing conditions, compositions, and structures, for light-emission properties sought. C1 [Dovgolevsky, E.; Kirmayer, S.; Lakin, E.; Frey, G. L.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Yang, Y.; Brinker, C. J.] UNM Adv Mat, Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Yang, Y.; Brinker, C. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Dovgolevsky, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1039/b713170d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 249MN UT WOS:000252232700008 ER PT J AU Zhu, HG Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Baker, GA Hagaman, EW Dai, S AF Zhu, Haoguo Bao, Lili Mahurin, Shannon M. Baker, Gary A. Hagaman, Edward W. Dai, Sheng TI Seeded growth of robust SERS-active 2D Au@Ag nanoparticulate films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS CHLOROAURATE IONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; MEDIATED GROWTH; RHODAMINE 6G; THIN-FILMS; SILVER; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTRATE AB We demonstrate herein a novel and versatile solution-based methodology for fabricating self-organized two-dimensional (2D) Au nanoparticle arrays on glass using in situ nucleation at an aminosilane monolayer followed by seeded, electroless growth; subsequent deposition of Ag produced Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticulate films which proved highly promising as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms. C1 [Zhu, Haoguo; Bao, Lili; Baker, Gary A.; Hagaman, Edward W.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mahurin, Shannon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1081 DI 10.1039/b719180d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 269JO UT WOS:000253645500002 ER PT J AU Wu, H Engelhard, MH Wang, J Fisher, DR Lin, YH AF Wu, Hong Engelhard, Mark H. Wang, Jun Fisher, Darrell R. Lin, Yuehe TI Synthesis of lutetium phosphate-apoferritin core-shell nanoparticles for potential applications in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy of cancers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CAGE; FERRITIN; LABELS; ANTIBODIES; MOLECULE; THERAPY; DESIGN AB We report a novel approach for synthesizing LuPO(4)-apoferritin core-shell nanoparticles based on an apoferritin template. To prepare the nanoparticle, we used non-radioactive lutetium as a model target or surrogate for radiolutetium ((177)Lu). The central cavity, multi-channel structure, and chemical properties of apoferritin are well-suited for sequentially diffusing lutetium and phosphate ions into the cavity, resulting in a stable core-shell composite. We characterized the synthesized LuPO(4)-apoferritin nanoparticle using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that LuPO(4) formed inside the cavity of apoferritin with an 8 nm diameter. We tested the pre-targeting capability of biotin-modified lutetium-apoferritin nanoparticle using streptavidin-modified magnetic beads and streptavidin-modified fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tracer. This paper presents a simple, fast, and efficient method for synthesizing LuPO(4)-apoferritin nanoparticle for potential applications in radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoimaging of cancer. C1 [Wu, Hong; Engelhard, Mark H.; Wang, Jun; Fisher, Darrell R.; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 15 BP 1779 EP 1783 DI 10.1039/b717613a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 283PH UT WOS:000254648100009 ER PT J AU Godinho, KG Watson, GW Walsh, A Green, AJH Payne, DJ Harmer, J Egdell, RG AF Godinho, K. G. Watson, G. W. Walsh, A. Green, A. J. H. Payne, D. J. Harmer, J. Egdell, R. G. TI A comparative study of the electronic structures of SrCu(2)O(2) and PbCu(2)O(2) by density functional theory, high resolution X-ray photoemission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; TRANSPARENT OXIDES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; 1ST PRINCIPLES; N-ZNO; CONDUCTION; CUALO2; APPROXIMATION; FABRICATION; SIMULATION AB The electronic structures of SrCu(2)O(2) and PbCu(2)O(2) have been studied by density functional theory calculations in conjunction with high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). In both materials there is linear O-Cu-O coordination and a band of Cu 3d states sits above a band of O 2p states, but with strong hybridisation between the two. The Pb ions in PbCu(2)O(2) introduce new states of dominant Pb 6s atomic character below the bottom of the O 2p valence band together with states of mixed Pb 6s, O 2p and Cu 3d character at the top of the O 2p valence band. Hole states introduced by K doping in PbCu(2)O(2) are shown to reside in anisotropic sites with clearly defined hyperfine couplings to (63)Cu as revealed by EPR. Broadening of the EPR signal in K-doped SrCu(2)O(2) is associated with averaging of the g value and Cu hyperfine anisotropy due to facile hole hopping. It is concluded that replacement of Sr with Pb does not facilitate delocalisation of the holes. C1 [Green, A. J. H.; Payne, D. J.; Harmer, J.; Egdell, R. G.] Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Godinho, K. G.; Watson, G. W.; Walsh, A.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Walsh, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Egdell, RG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Dept Chem, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. EM russell.egdell@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; Watson, Graeme/B-4262-2008; Harmer, Jeffrey/B-7417-2011; Payne, David/C-2117-2011; Payne, David/C-2148-2014 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; Watson, Graeme/0000-0001-6732-9474; Harmer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4583-2401; Payne, David/0000-0002-2120-6679 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 24 BP 2798 EP 2806 DI 10.1039/b719364e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 311JV UT WOS:000256597400007 ER PT J AU Bag, S Arachchige, IU Kanatzidis, MG AF Bag, Santanu Arachchige, Indika U. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Aerogels from metal chalcogenides and their emerging unique properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL PROCESS; CDS COLLOIDS; SULFIDES; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; DISULFIDE; NETWORK; FILMS; GES2 AB Metal-oxide and carbon gels and aerogels have been known for a long time. These aerogels have always been of strong interest because of their intriguing properties and potential diverse technological impact. Thanks to new sol-- gel chemistry, chalcogenide nanoparticle and cluster- based aerogels ( chalcogels) are the latest aerogels to come to the field and are now gaining notoriety because of properties not available in conventional aerogels. In this article, we highlight the recent synthetic advances in chalcogenide aerogels and their emerging unique properties and discuss some potential applications. C1 [Bag, Santanu; Arachchige, Indika U.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 31 BP 3628 EP 3632 DI 10.1039/b804011g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331UO UT WOS:000258038300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, LZ Zhang, ZC Harring, S Straughan, M Butorac, R Chen, ZH Lyons, L Amine, K West, R AF Zhang, Lingzhi Zhang, Zhengcheng Harring, Scott Straughan, Megan Butorac, Rachel Chen, Zonghai Lyons, Leslie Amine, Khalil West, Robert TI Highly conductive trimethylsilyl oligo(ethylene oxide) electrolytes for energy storage applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OPERATION; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ION BATTERIES; SILYLATION; EFFICIENT; SOLVENTS; SALT; ALCOHOLS; POLYOLS AB Monomethyl ethers of oligoethylene glycols with different chain lengths were converted to trimethylsilyl derivatives by reacting with trimethylchlorosilane in the presence of triethylamine, or by directly refluxing with excess trimethylchlorosilane or hexamethyldisilazane. Similarly, two oligoethylene glycols were converted to bis( trimethylsilyl) derivatives. When doped with lithium bis( trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, these electrolytes have very high conductivity, generally > 10(-3) S cm(-1). A full cell performance test using one of these new electrolytes (1NM3) showed excellent cyclability at room temperature. Introducing a second trimethylsilyl group decreases the conductivity of trimethylsilylated compounds. The thermal properties, viscosities and dielectric constants of the compounds were measured, and the effect of those on the conductivity is reported. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that the trimethylsilylated compound (1NM2) of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether has greater electrochemical stability than its germanium and carbon analogues. C1 [Zhang, Lingzhi; Butorac, Rachel; West, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang, Zhengcheng; Chen, Zonghai; Amine, Khalil] Grinnell Coll, Dept Chem, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Harring, Scott; Straughan, Megan; Lyons, Leslie] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP West, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM west@chem.wisc.edu RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 31 BP 3713 EP 3717 DI 10.1039/b806290k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331UO UT WOS:000258038300014 ER PT J AU Wang, W Liang, LY Johs, A Gu, BH AF Wang, Wei Liang, Liyuan Johs, Alexander Gu, Baohua TI Thin films of uniform hematite nanoparticles: control of surface hydrophobicity and self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; IRON-OXIDE; ALPHA-FE2O3 FILMS; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; BEHAVIOR; PARTICLES; SENSOR; HYDROLYSIS; INTERFACE; FE AB In this study we show that uniform hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticle thin films with controlled layer thickness can be formed by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayer deposition on surface areas of several square centimeters. The technique involves synthesis of uniform hematite nanoparticles by forced hydrolysis and surface modifications for increased hydrophobicity to bring the particles to the air water interface. Methods of thermal treatment, stepped solvent exchange, and oleate surfactant coating were studied for their effectiveness in increasing hydrophobicity by removing surface adsorbed water and -OH groups and were subsequently validated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. Surface pressure-area (pi-A) and surface pressure-time (pi-t) isotherms indicate that the stability of the particle monolayer at the air-water interface depends on the method of surface modification. Thermal evaporation treatment was found to produce thin films of hematite nanoparticles with the greatest uniformity and surface coverage as characterized by UV-visible spectroscopic, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses. C1 [Wang, Wei; Liang, Liyuan; Johs, Alexander; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, LY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liangl@ornl.gov RI Johs, Alexander/F-1229-2011; Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Johs, Alexander/0000-0003-0098-2254; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Facilities at the Center for Nano-Phase Material Sciences were used in this research. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 47 BP 5770 EP 5775 DI 10.1039/b810164g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 384LD UT WOS:000261745400008 ER PT J AU Bell, JL Sarin, P Driemeyer, PE Haggerty, RP Chupas, PJ Kriven, WM AF Bell, Jonathan L. Sarin, Pankaj Driemeyer, Patrick E. Haggerty, Ryan P. Chupas, Peter J. Kriven, Waltraud M. TI X-Ray pair distribution function analysis of a metakaolin-based, KAlSi2O6 center dot 5.5H(2)O inorganic polymer (geopolymer) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; LEUCITE; GELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; TECHNOLOGY; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; ZEOLITES AB The atomic structure of geopolymers is often described as amorphous with a local structure that is equivalent to that of crystalline zeolites. However, this structural relationship has never been quantified beyond a first-nearest-neighbor bonding environment. In this study, the short to medium range (similar to 1 nm) structural order of metakaolin-based KAlSi2O6 center dot 5.5H(2)O geopolymer was quantified and compared to zeolitic tetragonal leucite (KAlSi2O6) using the X-ray atomic pair distribution function technique. Unheated KAlSi2O6 center dot 5.5H(2)O was found to be structurally similar to leucite out to a length of similar to 8 angstrom, but had increased medium range disorder over the 4.5 angstrom < r < 8 angstrom range. On heating to > 300 degrees C, changes in the short to medium range structure were observed due to dehydration and removal of chemically bound water. Crystallization of leucite occurred in samples heated beyond 1050 degrees C. Refinements of a leucite model against the PDF data for geopolymer heated to 1100 degrees C for 24 h yielded a good fit. C1 [Bell, Jonathan L.; Sarin, Pankaj; Driemeyer, Patrick E.; Haggerty, Ryan P.; Kriven, Waltraud M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chupas, Peter J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kriven, WM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kriven@illinois.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USAF [FA9550-06-1-0221, FA9550-06-1-0386]; NSF [DMR 07 06606]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U. S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-91-ER45439] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USAF, under Nanoinitiative Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0221. P. Sarin and R. Haggerty were supported by an AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0386 and NSF Grant No. DMR 07 06606, respectively. Experimental work was conducted at the APS, Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors also acknowledge the use of facilities at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, Frederick Seitz Research Laboratory (at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), which is partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG02-91-ER45439. The authors would like to thank Prof. Valeri Petkov (Central Michigan University) for useful discussions and running preliminary samples and Dr Karena Chapman (Argonne National Laboratory) for her help with the PDFgetX2 program. NR 51 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 48 BP 5974 EP 5981 DI 10.1039/b808157c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 384LG UT WOS:000261745700016 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, S AF Klippenstein, Stephen TI Model behaviour SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klippenstein, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 11 BP C23 EP C23 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 270WT UT WOS:000253751600001 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Dinwiddie, RB AF Sabau, Adrian S. Dinwiddie, Ralph B. TI Characterization of spray lubricants for the high pressure die casting processes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE die casting; die lubrication; heat flux measurement; spray cooling; heat transfer; infrared visualization ID SINGLE-NOZZLE; HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; R-134A; WATER AB During the high pressure die casting process, lubricants are sprayed in order to cool the dies and facilitate the ejection of the casting. The cooling effects of the die lubricant were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), heat flux sensors (HFS), and infrared imaging. The evolution of the heat flux and pictures taken using a high-speed infrared camera revealed that lubricant application was a transient process. The short time response of the HFS allows the monitoring and data acquisition of the surface temperature and heat flux without additional data processing. A similar set of experiments was performed with deionized water in order to assess the lubricant effect. The high heat flux obtained at 300 degrees C was attributed to the wetting and absorbent properties of the lubricant. Pictures of the spray cone and lubricant flow on the die were also used to explain the heat flux evolution. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sabau, Adrian S.; Dinwiddie, Ralph B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Bldg 4508,MS 6083, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 195 IS 1-3 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.05.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 249LW UT WOS:000252230900035 ER PT J AU Crowhurst, JC Goncharov, AF Sadigh, B Zaug, JM Aberg, D Meng, Y Prakapenka, VB AF Crowhurst, Jonathan C. Goncharov, Alexander F. Sadigh, B. Zaug, J. M. Aberg, D. Meng, Yue Prakapenka, Vitali B. TI Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GOLD NITRIDE; ENERGY AB We describe the synthesis of nitrides of iridium and palladium using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. We have used the in situ techniques of x-ray powder diffraction and Raman scattering to characterize these compounds and have compared our experimental findings where possible to the results of first-principles theoretical calculations. We suggest that palladium nitride is isostructural with pyrite, while iridium nitride has a monoclinic symmetry and is isostructural with baddeleyite. C1 [Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, B.; Zaug, J. M.; Aberg, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Goncharov, Alexander F.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Goncharov, Alexander F.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Meng, Yue] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Prakapenka, Vitali B.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Crowhurst, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM crowhurstl@l1nl.gov OI Aberg, Daniel/0000-0003-4364-9419 NR 24 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 45 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200001 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Saraf, LV Hubler, TL Nachimuthu, P AF Wang, C. M. Saraf, L. V. Hubler, T. L. Nachimuthu, P. TI Tilted domain growth of metalorganic chemical vapor (MOCVD)-grown ZnO(0001) on alpha-Al2O3(0001) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE; ROTATION DOMAINS; BUFFER LAYER; ZNO FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; HETEROEPITAXY; ELIMINATION AB ZnO grown on alpha-Al2O3(0001) generally possesses an orientation such that alpha-Al2O3(0001)) is parallel to ZnO(0001) and two in-plane domains nucleate, so that alpha-Al2O3[11 (2) over bar0] is parallel to ZnO[11 (2) over bar0] and/or alpha-Al2O3[11 (2) over bar0] is parallel to ZnO[10 (1) over bar0]. In this paper, we report a new growth mode for ZnO grown on alpha-Al2O3(0001) using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We find that alpha-Al2O3[11 (2) over bar0] is parallel to ZnO[10 (1) over bar0], but the (0001) plane of ZnO is tilted relative to the (0001) plane of alpha-A1(2)O(3) such that ZnO(0001) is almost parallel to the alpha-Al2O3[(1) over bar 104] plane. This orientation reduces the extent of lattice mismatch. The interface between ZnO and alpha-Al2O3 is abrupt and possesses periodic dislocations. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Saraf, L. V.; Nachimuthu, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hubler, T. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0026 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200003 ER PT J AU Ott, RT Yang, XY Guyer, DE Chauhan, S Sordelet, DJ AF Ott, R. T. Yang, X. Y. Guyer, D. E. Chauhan, S. Sordelet, D. J. TI Synthesis of high-strength W-Ta ultrarine-grain composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TUNGSTEN; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; COMPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; DIFFRACTION; POWDER AB Bulk samples of an ultrafine-grained tungsten-tantalum composite alloy have been synthesized by consolidating mechanically milled composite powders. The grain growth during densification is limited due to the submicron-scale layering of the individual metals in the composite particles and the relatively low sintering temperature (1300 degrees C). The ultrafine microstructure of the high-density (similar to 99% theoretical density) samples leads to a high yield stress of similar to 3 GPa under quasi-static uniaxial compression. A tendency for Ta-rich solid-solution formation during densification was observed, and the high-temperature phase equilibria in the composite powders were examined further using high-energy x-ray diffraction at temperatures up to 1300 degrees C. C1 [Ott, R. T.; Yang, X. Y.; Guyer, D. E.; Sordelet, D. J.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chauhan, S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ott, RT (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rtott@ameslab.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0007 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200019 ER PT J AU Brennecka, GL Parish, CM Tuttle, BA Brewer, LN AF Brennecka, Geoff L. Parish, Chad M. Tuttle, Bruce A. Brewer, Luke N. TI Multilayer thin and ultrathin film capacitors fabricated by chemical solution deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAYERS AB Chemical solution deposition has been used to fabricate continuous ultrathin lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) films as thin as 20 nm. Further, multilayer capacitor structures with as many as 10 dielectric layers have been fabricated from these ultrathin PLZT films by alternating spin-coated dielectric layers with sputtered platinum electrodes. Integrating a photolithographically defined wet etch step to the fabrication process enabled the production of functional multilayer stacks with capacitance values exceeding 600 nF. Such ultrathin multilayer capacitors offer tremendous advantages for further miniaturization of integrated passive components. C1 [Brennecka, Geoff L.; Parish, Chad M.; Tuttle, Bruce A.; Brewer, Luke N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brennecka, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM glbrenn@sandia.gov RI Brennecka, Geoff/J-9367-2012; Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013 OI Brennecka, Geoff/0000-0002-4476-7655; NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0010 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200024 ER PT J AU Kooi, JE Tandon, R Glass, SJ Mecholsky, JJ AF Kooi, J. E. Tandon, R. Glass, S. J. Mecholsky, J. J., Jr. TI Analysis of macroscopic crack branching patterns in chemically strengthened glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BIAXIAL FLEXURE TESTS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ION-EXCHANGE; DIMENSION; CERAMICS AB Residual stress profiles were introduced in sodium aluminosilicate glass disks using an ion-exchange process. They were fractured in two loading conditions: indentation and biaxial flexure. The fractal dimension of the macroscopic crack branching pattern called the crack branching coefficient (CBC), as well as the number of fragments (NOF) were used to quantify the crack patterns. The fracture surfaces were analyzed to determine the stresses responsible for the crack branching patterns. The total strain energy in the body was calculated. The CBC was a good measure of the NOR They are directly related to the tensile strain energy due to the residual stress profile for fractures due to indentation loading. However, in general for materials with residual stresses, CBC (or NOF) is not related to the strength or the stress at fracture, or even to the total stored tensile strain energy. Instead, the CBC appears to be related, in a complex manner, to the distribution of stresses in the body. Therefore, in general, the characterization of the CBC of fractured materials cannot be used to ascertain the prior stress distribution. C1 [Tandon, R.; Glass, S. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kooi, J. E.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Mecholsky, J. J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Tandon, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtandon@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 214 EP 225 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0020 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250HS UT WOS:000252291200030 ER PT J AU Quadros, J Pinto, AL Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Cruz, LR AF Quadros, Joao Pinto, Andre L. Moutinho, Helio R. Dhere, Ramesh G. Cruz, Leila R. TI Microtexture of chloride treated CdTe thin films deposited by CSS technique SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting of the Brazilian-Society-for-Materials-Research CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Florianopolis, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Soc Mat Res ID CSSCDTE SOLAR-CELLS AB This work investigates the microstructural changes-especially in grain boundary structure and grain orientation distribution-in CdTe thin films deposited by close spaced sublimation at low (LT) and high temperatures (HT) and submitted to a CdCl(2) heat treatment. These changes are quantitatively described by microtexture analysis, a spatial distribution of the orientation of the grains. The analysis is performed in a scanning electron microscope by means of identification of the electron back-scattered diffraction patterns from individual grains. The texture of each grain, the misorientation between grains, and coincident site lattice boundary maps are obtained. The results show that the CdCl(2) treatment did not promote significant microstructural changes in HT-CdTe films, which grow with large and randomly oriented grains, and with a predominance of high-angle boundaries. On the other hand, for LT-CdTe films, this treatment promotes a substantial increase in grain size, a decreasing of preferential orientation, and an increase in the number of CSL and high-angle boundaries. These changes are considered to be a strong evidence for recrystallization. C1 [Quadros, Joao; Pinto, Andre L.; Cruz, Leila R.] Inst Mil Engn, Film Lab, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Moutinho, Helio R.; Dhere, Ramesh G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Cruz, LR (reprint author), Inst Mil Engn, Film Lab, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM leilacruz@ime.eb.br RI Pinto, Andre/C-1983-2008; OI Pinto, Andre/0000-0003-4197-3637; Toledo Quadros, Joao Roberto/0000-0002-6717-7527 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-1708-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 241GF UT WOS:000251644200022 ER PT J AU Bernardoni, F Cacciatori, SL Cerchiai, BL Scotti, A AF Bernardoni, Fabio Cacciatori, Sergio L. Cerchiai, Bianca L. Scotti, Antonio TI Mapping the geometry of the E(6) group SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT LIE GROUP; VOLUME AB In this paper, we present a construction for the compact form of the exceptional Lie group E(6) by exponentiating the corresponding Lie algebra e(6), which we realize as the sum of f(4), the derivations of the exceptional Jordan algebra J(3) of dimension 3 with octonionic entries, and the right multiplication by the elements of J(3) with vanishing trace. Our parametrization is a generalization of the Euler angles for SU(2) and it is based on the fibration of E(6) via an F(4) subgroup as the fiber. It makes use of a similar construction we have performed in a previous article for F(4). An interesting first application of these results lies in the fact that we are able to determine an explicit expression for the Haar invariant measure on the E(6) group manifold. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bernardoni, Fabio] Univ Valencia, IFIC, Dept Fis Teor, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Matemat, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Cerchiai, Bianca L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scotti, Antonio] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Matemat, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bernardoni, F (reprint author), Univ Valencia, IFIC, Dept Fis Teor, CSIC, Apt Correus 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM fabio.bernardoni@ific.uv.es; sergio.cacciatori@uninsubria.it; blcerchiai@lbl.gov; antonio.scotti@gmail.com OI Cerchiai, Bianca Letizia/0000-0002-0109-0330; Cacciatori, Sergio Luigi/0000-0002-4167-9123 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 AR 012107 DI 10.1063/1.2830522 PG 19 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 257TL UT WOS:000252821300007 ER PT J AU Gerry, AC Nawaey, TM Sanghrajka, PB Wisniewska, J Hullinger, P AF Gerry, Alec C. Nawaey, Tamim M. Sanghrajka, Parag B. Wisniewska, Joanna Hullinger, Pamela TI Hematophagous diptera collected from a horse and paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap in southern california: Relevance to West Nile virus epizootiology SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; horse; carbon dioxide; mosquito; California ID VARIIPENNIS SONORENSIS DIPTERA; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; BITING SITES; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; CERATOPOGONIDAE; TRANSMISSION; ENCEPHALITIS AB Hematophagous Diptera landing on a horse were removed by vacuum, and their numbers were related to a paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap at three locations in southern California where West Nile virus activity was high during the preceding year. Insects collected from the horse included mosquitoes (nine species), biting midges (Culicoides sonorerais Wirth & Jones), and black flies (Simulium bivittatum Malloch). Mosquitoes were predominantly collected from the head, crest, withers, neck, chest, and shoulders of the horse, whereas biting midges and black flies were predominantly collected from the ventral midline of the horse. Culex erythrothorax Dyar was by far the most abundant mosquito species collected overall. Frequency of engorgement for mosquitoes captured from the horse ranged by species from zero to 58.3%, with Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say having the lowest value (16.7% or one of six mosquitoes) of species that fed on the horse. The number of insects captured at the horse and paired CO2-baited suction trap was not different for Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, and S. bivittattum. Cx. p. quinquefiasciatus was captured in greater numbers in the CO2-baited suction trap, whereas Anopheles hermsi Barr & Guptavanji, Cx. erythrothorax, Culiseta inornata (Williston), and Culiseta particeps (Adams) were captured in greater numbers from the horse. The horse biting rate was very low for Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, intermediate for Cx. tarsalis, and very high for Cx. erythrothorax. Both Cx. tarsalis and Cx. erythrothorax should be considered likely epizootic vectors of West Nile virus to horses in rural southern California. C1 [Gerry, Alec C.; Nawaey, Tamim M.; Sanghrajka, Parag B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wisniewska, Joanna] NW Mosquito & Vector Control District, Corona, CA 92881 USA. [Hullinger, Pamela] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gerry, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM alec.gerry@ucr.edu NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[115:HDCFAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 255CX UT WOS:000252635500017 PM 18283951 ER PT J AU Cruz-Cabrera, AA Kemme, SA Wendt, JR Boye, RR Carter, TR Samora, S AF Cruz-Cabrera, Alvaro A. Kemme, Shanalyn A. Wendt, Joel R. Boye, Robert R. Carter, Tony R. Samora, Sally TI Fabrication and testing of finite aperture polarizers for determination of edge termination effects on polarimetric imaging applications at midwave infrared SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics Packaging and Integration VI CY JAN 25-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE polarimetry; MWIR; diffractive elements; subwavelength gratings; polarization ID COMPLETE STOKES POLARIMETER; MICROPOLARIZER ARRAYS; OPTIMIZATION AB Polarimetric imaging applications at the 2-to-5-mu m or midwave infrared range use large pixel-count focal plane arrays (FPAs) with small pixel sizes. We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of micropolarizers for the 2-to-5-mu m regime. These micropolarizers will be used in conjunction with a FPA and will be in the near field of the imaging device. The pixel pitches for some commercial FPAs are small enough that the finite apertures of the polarizing devices may significantly affect their performance, because their aperture dimension varies between three and five waves. We are interested in understanding the effect on the extinction ratio due to variations in the edge terminations of a polarizer with a small aperture. Edge terminations are the spaces between the first and last wire with the perimeter of the aperture of the polarizer. To verify these effects, we fabricated micropolarizers with apertures of 5 to 20 mu m and with termination edge spaces of one-quarter and three-quarters of the wiregrids period. The devices measured extinction ratios from 50:1 for the smallest aperture to 200:1 for the largest. Simulations and measurements show that the extinction ratio is larger for the smaller termination edge spacing. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Cruz-Cabrera, Alvaro A.; Kemme, Shanalyn A.; Wendt, Joel R.; Boye, Robert R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Carter, Tony R.; Samora, Sally] L&M Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cruz-Cabrera, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 AR 013013 DI 10.1117/1.2842375 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 293WL UT WOS:000255366000014 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Jung, EJ Im, H Van Der Lelie, D Kim, EE AF Kim, Kook-Han Jung, Eun Jung Im, Hana Van Der Lelie, Daniel Kim, Eunice Eunkyeong TI Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of CnrX from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34; nickel resistance; CnrX; periplasmic sensor; crystallization ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; NICKEL RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; RALSTONIA-METALLIDURANS; SIGMA-FACTORS; HEAVY-METALS; EFFLUX SYSTEM; STRAIN CH34; COBALT; BACTERIA AB The nickel and cobalt resistance of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is mediated by the CnrCBA efflux pump encoded by the cnrYHXCBAT metal resistance determinant. The products of the three genes cnrYXH transcriptionally regulate expression of cnr. CnrY and CnrX are membrane-bound proteins, probably functioning as anti-sigma factors, whereas CnrH is a cnr-specific extracytoplasmic functions (ECF) sigma factor. The periplasmic domain of CnrX (residues 29-148) was cloned as a N-terminal His-tagged protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 13.6 kDa by size exclusion chromatography, corresponding to a monomer. The tetragonal bipyramid crystals were obtained by mixing an equal volume of protein in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1% glycerol, 100 mM NaCl, I mM DTT, and the reservoir solution of 15% w/v PEG 2000, 100 mM lithium chloride at 277 K in 2-4 days using hanging drop vapor diffusion. The protein concentration was 24 mg/ml. The crystal that diffracted to 2.42 angstrom resolution belongs to space group P4(1) or P4(3) with unit cell parameters of a=b=32.14 angstrom, c= 195.31 angstrom, alpha=beta=gamma=90 degrees, with one molecule of CnrX in the asymmetric unit. C1 [Kim, Kook-Han; Kim, Eunice Eunkyeong] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Jung, Eun Jung; Im, Hana] Sejong Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Van Der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, EE (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM eunice@kist.re.kr NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 275BT UT WOS:000254047600006 PM 18239414 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI Particle states of the radiation field SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE D'Alembertian operator; quantum states; electromagnetic waves ID MAXWELL AB Quantum states of the radiation field for free, propagating electromagnetic waves are well known to be quantized solutions of the D'Alembertian operator which represent free photons. In this paper anti-propagating solutions of the D'Alembertian are found which decay exponentially spatially and grow exponentially temporally. These states are simply related to standing-wave solutions of the D'Alembertian which are analytically continued to the imaginary momentum axis. The temporally growing solutions are bounded by the Lorentz invariance of the squared four-position c2t-r=0, in which the radial position r is bounded by the anti-propagating nature of the solution. Stationary solutions are found from a linear combination of squared scalar potentials. A pair of physically interesting results, the electric charge and the fine structure constant, are inferred from the normalized and quantized stationary scalar potential. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM ritchie@lstc.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2003 EP 2009 DI 10.1080/09500340801947595 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 321WE UT WOS:000257336400013 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI Electron-photon equation of motion with application to the Lamb shift SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE equation of motion; Lamb shift AB An equation of motion (EOM) is proposed for the electron which includes the effect of the radiation field on the electron's motion. The new EOM - the electron-photon EOM (EPEOM) - is the same as Dirac's equation with the 'bare' or mechanical mass replaced by a complex electromagnetic mass whose real part is interpreted as the observed mass of the electron. The Lamb shift is calculated from the difference of the EPEOM energy and the Dirac-equation energy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ritchie@lstc.com FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The author is grateful for discussions with Michael Crenshaw during the early stages of this work. He also would like to thank Merle Riley for helpful discussion. This work was performed under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 18 BP 2903 EP 2909 AR PII 906330398 DI 10.1080/09500340802213674 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 379FJ UT WOS:000261381800001 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ AF Stevens, Fred J. TI Homology versus analogy: possible evolutionary relationship of immunoglobulins, cupredoxins, and Cu,Zn-su peroxide dismutase SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Review DE immunoglobulin-like fold; pre-biotic; convergent evolution; divergent evolution ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE DATABASE; SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53; LOW SEQUENCE IDENTITY; BENCE-JONES PROTEINS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PSI-BLAST; STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION AB The 'immunoglobulin-like' fold is one of most common structural motifs observed in proteins. This topology is found in more than 80 superfamilies of proteins, including Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cupredoxin. Evolutionary relationships have not been identified, but may exist. The challenge remains, therefore, of resolving the issue of whether the diverse distribution of the fold is accounted for by divergent evolution of function or convergent evolution of structure following multiple independent origins of function. Since the early studies that revealed conformational similarity of immunoglobulins and other proteins, the number of primary structures available for comparison has dramatically increased and new computational approaches for analysis of sequences have been developed. It now appears that a hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin for cupredoxins, Cu,Zn-SOD, and immunoglobulins may be credible. The distinction between protein homology and protein analogy is fundamental. The immunoglobulin-like fold may represent a robust system within which to examine again the issue of protein homology versus analogy. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1002/jmr.861 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 269ZP UT WOS:000253689800002 PM 18080994 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PE Norris, PM Phinney, LM Policastro, SA Kelly, RG AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Norris, Pamela M. Phinney, Leslie M. Policastro, Steven A. Kelly, Robert G. TI Thermal conductivity in nanoporous gold films during electron-phonon nonequilibrium SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; METAL-FILMS; TRANSPORT; SIZE; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; AU AB The reduction of nanodevices has given recent attention to nanoporous materials due to their structure and geometry. However, the thermophysical properties of these materials are relatively unknown. In this article, an expression for thermal conductivity of nanoporous structures is derived based on the assumption that the finite size of the ligaments leads to electron-ligament wall scattering. This expression is then used to analyze the thermal conductivity of nanoporous structures in the event of electron-phonon nonequilibrium. Copyright (c) 2008 Patrick E. Hopkins et al. C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Norris, Pamela M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Phinney, Leslie M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Policastro, Steven A.; Kelly, Robert G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Norris, PM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM pamela@virginia.edu FU NSF FX The authors are greatly appreciative to W.-K. Lye at UVa for insight into nanoporous Au fabrication and G. Chen at MIT for helpful discussions on electron transport in nanowires. P. Hopkins was supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2008 AR 418050 DI 10.1155/2008/418050 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 352JJ UT WOS:000259493200001 ER PT J AU Horsley, DA Talin, AA Skinner, JL AF Horsley, D. A. Talin, A. A. Skinner, J. L. TI Micromechanical and microfluidic devices incorporating resonant metallic gratings fabricated using nanoimprint lithography SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Nanoimprint lithography; surface plasmons; grating; optical filter; MEMS; electrostatic actuators; microfluidics ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; WAVE-GUIDE STRUCTURES; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; FILTER; FILMS AB Optical filters based on resonant gratings have spectral characteristics that are lithographically defined. Nanoimprint lithography is a relatively new method for producing large area gratings with sub-micron features. Computational modeling using rigorous coupled-wave analysis allows gratings to be designed to yield sharp reflectance maxima and minima. Combining these gratings with microfluidic channels and micromechanical actuators produced using micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology forms the basis for producing tunable filters and other wavelength selective elements. These devices achieve tunable optical characteristics by varying the index of refraction on the surface of the grating. Coating the grating surface with water creates a 33% change in the resonant wavelength whereas bringing a grating into contact with a quartz surface shifts the resonant wavelength from 558 nm to 879 nm, a fractional change of 58%. The reflectivity at a single wavelength can be varied by approximately a factor of three. Future applications of these devices may include tunable filters or optical modulators. C1 [Horsley, D. A.; Skinner, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Talin, A. A.; Skinner, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Talin, A. A.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Horsley, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dahorsley@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Professor S. J. Brueck and the Center for High Technology Materials at University of New Mexico in fabrication of the original nanoimprint molds. Work performed by Sandia National Laboratories is under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021785 DI 10.1117/1.2805842 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 401HK UT WOS:000262931600012 ER PT J AU Voon, LCLY Zhang, Y Lassen, B Willatzen, M Xiong, QH Eklund, PC AF Voon, L. C. Lew Yan Zhang, Yong Lassen, B. Willatzen, M. Xiong, Qihua Eklund, P. C. TI Electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE semiconductor nanowires; electronic properties; optical properties; theoretical methods ID GAAS/ALXGA1-XAS QUANTUM WIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ENVELOPE-FUNCTION FORMALISM; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON NANOWIRES AB This paper provides a review of the state-of-the-art electronic-structure calculations of semiconductor nanowires. Results obtained using empirical k . rho, empirical tight-binding, semi-empirical pseudopotential, and with ab initio, methods are compared. For conciseness, we will restrict our detailed discussions to free-standing plain and modulated nanowires. Connections to relevant experimental data, particularly band gaps and polarization anisotropy, will be made since these results depend crucially on the electronic properties. For completeness, a brief review on the synthesis of nanowires is included. C1 [Voon, L. C. Lew Yan] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Zhang, Yong] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lassen, B.; Willatzen, M.] Univ So Denmark, Mads Clausen Inst, DK-6400 Sonderborg, Denmark. [Xiong, Qihua; Eklund, P. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xiong, Qihua; Eklund, P. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Voon, LCLY (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Xiong, Qihua/A-4979-2011 OI Xiong, Qihua/0000-0002-2555-4363 NR 230 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.N03 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 265DR UT WOS:000253339800001 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Dubon, OD AF Robinson, J. T. Dubon, O. D. TI Ge island assembly on metal-patterned Si: Truncated pyramids, nanorodsg and beyond SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nanoscale materials and structures; directed self-assembly; molecular beam epitaxy; germanium; silicon ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; 001 SURFACE; SILICON; GOLD; SI(001); SI(111); LAYERS; DOTS; TRANSITION; NANOWIRES AB The organization of semiconductor nanostructures into functional macroassemblies remains a fundamental challenge in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In the context of semiconductor epitaxial growth, efforts have focused on the application of advanced substrate patterning strategies for the directed assembly quantum-dot islands. We present a comprehensive investigation on the use of simple metal patterns to control the nucleation and growth of heteroepitaxial islands. In the Ge on Si model system, a square array of metal dots induces the assembly of Ge islands into an extensive two-dimensional lattice. The islands grow at sites between the metal dots and are characterized by unique shapes including truncated pyramids and nanorods, which are programmed prior to growth by the choices of metal species and substrate orientation. Our results indicate that ordering arises from the metal-induced oxidation of the Si surface; the oxide around each metal dot forms an array of periodic diffusion barriers that induce island ordering. The metals decorate the island surfaces and enhanced the growth of particular facets that are able to grow as a result of significant intermixing between deposited Ge and Si substrate atoms. C1 [Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robinson, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubon, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.N17 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 265DR UT WOS:000253339800003 PM 18468053 ER PT J AU Gallagher, NB Gassman, PL Blake, TA AF Gallagher, Neal B. Gassman, Paul L. Blake, Thomas A. TI Detection of low volatility organic analytes on soils using infrared reflection spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article CT 13th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Umea, SWEDEN DE anomaly detection; reflection; Quincy soil; League soil; dibutyl phosphate; tributyl phosphate; dodecane; decanal ID MULTIPLICATIVE SIGNAL CORRECTION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SCATTER-CORRECTION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; PREPROCESSING METHODS; PLUMES; CALIBRATIONS; RESIDUALS; SPECTRA; MODELS AB Previous work on the detection of low-volatility Liquid organic land organophosphorus) anaLytes on soil indicated a strong signal in Fourier transf orm inf rared spectra in the 2966-2855 cm(-1) range attributed to C-H vibrational stretching modes. This range is the f ocus of detection strategies examined here as an anticipated prelude to subsequent detection and classification approaches utilising additional spectral bands. This laboratory study is being used to test detection algorithms that may be useful for rapid stand-off detection of organic compounds on soil. Six signal processing methods (designed to minimise irrelevant variability in the recorded soil reflection spectra white enhancing signal from analyte compounds possibly present on soil) were studied. These included Savitzky-Golay second derivatives, extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) and a novel alternative to piece-wise EMSC. The pre-processed signal was then used for detection. Previous work utitised principal components analysis (PCA)-based multivariate statistical process control methodologies for detection. Six alternative anomaly detection statistics were examined here that were based on the pre-processed signal, weighted signal and generalised weighted signal. The Latter statistic can be considered easier than PCA with many of the same benefits. Two tests corresponding to different monitoring strategies were examined: test data "local" and "non-local" to the calibration data. Although the results are expected to be optimistic, the generatised weighted approach worked extremely wet[ for the "local" detection test, but was less successful for the "non-local," test. Results suggest that good characterisation of anatyte-free soil prior to monitoring will Lead to the best detection performance. Second derivative pre-processing showed the best results on receiver operator characteristic curves and its ease of application is a distinct advantage. However, it may not be universally successful for all bands to be considered C1 [Gallagher, Neal B.] Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. [Gassman, Paul L.; Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gallagher, NB (reprint author), Eigenvector Res Inc, 160 Gobblers Knob Lane, Manson, WA 98831 USA. EM nealg@eigenvector.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1255/jnirs.776 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 331CD UT WOS:000257989400007 ER PT J AU Cacquevel, M Aeschbach, L Osenkowski, P Li, D Ye, W Wolfe, MS Li, H Selkoe, DJ Fraering, PC AF Cacquevel, Matthias Aeschbach, Lorene Osenkowski, Pamela Li, Dongyang Ye, Wenjuan Wolfe, Michael S. Li, Huilin Selkoe, Dennis J. Fraering, Patrick C. TI Rapid purification of active gamma-secretase, an intramembrane protease implicated in Alzheimer's disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; amyloid; gamma-secretase; intramembrane proteolysis ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; GLYCOSYLATED NICASTRIN; IN-VIVO; COMPLEX; PRESENILIN; REVEALS; RECONSTITUTION; CELLS; ENDOPROTEOLYSIS AB gamma-Secretase is an unconventional aspartyl protease that processes many type 1 membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer. Because its cleavage of amyloid-beta precursor protein generates the amyloid-beta protein (A beta) of Alzheimer's disease, partially inhibiting gamma-secretase is an attractive therapeutic strategy, but the structure of the protease remains poorly understood. We recently used electron microscopy and single particle image analysis on the purified enzyme to generate the first 3D reconstruction of gamma-secretase, but at low resolution (15 angstrom). The limited amount of purified gamma-secretase that can be produced using currently available cell lines and procedures has prevented the achievement of a high resolution crystal structure by X-ray crystallography or 2D crystallization. We report here the generation and characterization of a new mammalian cell line (S-20) that overexpresses strikingly high levels of all four gamma-secretase components (presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2). We then used these cells to develop a rapid protocol for the high-grade purification of proteolytically active gamma-secretase. The cells and purification methods detailed here provide a key step towards crystallographic studies of this ubiquitous enzyme. C1 [Cacquevel, Matthias; Aeschbach, Lorene; Fraering, Patrick C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Brain Mind Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cacquevel, Matthias; Aeschbach, Lorene] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Osenkowski, Pamela; Ye, Wenjuan; Wolfe, Michael S.; Selkoe, Dennis J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Osenkowski, Pamela; Li, Dongyang; Wolfe, Michael S.; Selkoe, Dennis J.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Dongyang; Li, Huilin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, New York, NY USA. RP Fraering, PC (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Brain Mind Inst, Stn 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM patrick.fraering@epfl.ch FU NIA NIH HHS [AG00222-15, AG15379, AG17574]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS41355] NR 42 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05041.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 241QP UT WOS:000251671200018 PM 17986218 ER PT J AU Zalk, DM Nelson, DI AF Zalk, David. M. Nelson, Deborah Imel TI History and evolution of control banding: A review SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE chemical hazards; control banding; risk assessment; risk management; toolbox ID MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES; EXPOSURE CONTROL LIMITS; BAG-FILLING OPERATIONS; CONTROL HEALTH-RISKS; COSHH ESSENTIALS; MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES; OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE; WORKPLACE EXPOSURES; STRUCTURED APPROACH; UK SCHEME AB Control banding (CB) strategies offer simplified solutions for controlling worker exposures to constituents often encountered in the workplace. The original CB model was developed within the pharmaceutical industry; however, the modern movement involves models developed for non-experts to input hazard and exposure potential information for bulk chemical processes, receiving control advice as a result. The CB approach utilizes these models for the dissemination of qualitative and semiquantitative risk assessment tools being developed to complement the traditional industrial hygiene model of air sampling and analysis. It is being applied and tested in small- and medium-sized enterprises within developed countries and industrially developing countries; however, large enterprises have also incorporated these strategies within chemical safety programs. Existing research of the components of the most available CB model, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials, has shown that exposure bands do not always provide adequate margins of safety, that there is a high rate of under-control errors, that it works better with dusts than with vapors, that there is an inherent inaccuracy in estimating variability, and that when taken together the outcomes of this model may lead to potentially inappropriate workplace confidence in chemical exposure reduction in some operations. Alternatively, large-scale comparisons of industry exposure data to this CB model's outcomes have indicated more promising results with a high correlation seen internationally. With the accuracy of the toxicological ratings and hazard band classification currently in question, their proper re-evaluation will be of great benefit to the reliability of existing and future CB models. The need for a more complete analysis of CB model components and, most importantly, a more comprehensive prospective research process remains. This analysis will be important in understanding implications of the model's overall effectiveness. Since the CB approach is now being used worldwide with an even broader implementation in progress, further research toward understanding its strengths and weaknesses will assist in its further refinement and confidence in its ongoing utility. C1 [Zalk, David. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Nelson, Deborah Imel] Ind Hygienist, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zalk, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-871, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zalk1@llnl.gov NR 76 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1080/15459620801997916 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 279IT UT WOS:000254349600008 PM 18350442 ER PT J AU Pantea, C Stroe, I Ledbetter, H Betts, JB Zhao, Y Daemen, LL Cynn, H Migliori, A AF Pantea, C. Stroe, I. Ledbetter, H. Betts, J. B. Zhao, Y. Daemen, L. L. Cynn, H. Migliori, A. TI Osmium's Debye temperature SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metals; ultrasonic measurements; elastic properties ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; MOSSBAUER SCATTERING; TRANSITION-METALS; HEAT; CRYSTALS AB Osmium's Debye characteristic temperature OD remains uncertain. We tabulate 20 reported values that average 411 +/- 94 K, for a property that one should know within about 1%. We report a new value derived from low-temperature monocrystal elastic-constant measurements extrapolated to 0 K: Theta(D) = 477 +/- 2 K. Our value disagrees with all previous reports except one specific-heat measurement. It agrees with Mendeleev-table expectations and with an a priori calculation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pantea, C.; Stroe, I.; Ledbetter, H.; Betts, J. B.; Zhao, Y.; Daemen, L. L.; Migliori, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cynn, H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pantea, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pantea@lani.gov RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Stroe, Izabela/B-3790-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.08.065 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 262XG UT WOS:000253181000031 ER PT J AU Blaschke, D Klahn, T Sandin, F AF Blaschke, David Klaehn, Thomas Sandin, Fredrik TI Equation of state at high densities and modern compact star observations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID NEUTRON-STAR; NUCLEON MATTER; QUARK MATTER; CONDENSATION AB Recently, observations of compact stars have provided new data of high accuracy which put strong constraints on the high-density behaviour of the equation of state of strongly interacting matter otherwise not accessible in terrestrial laboratories. The evidence for neutron stars with high mass (M = 2.1 +/- 0.2 M-circle dot for PSR J0751 + 1807) and large radii (R > 12 km for RX J1856-3754) rules out soft equations of state and has provoked a debate whether the occurrence of quark matter in compact stars can be excluded as well. In this contribution, it is shown that modern quantum field theoretical approaches to quark matter including colour superconductivity, and a vector meanfield allow a microscopic description of hybrid stars which fulfil the new, strong constraints. The deconfinement transition in the resulting stiff hybrid equation of state is weakly first order so that its signals have to be expected due to specific changes in transport properties governing the rotational and cooling evolution caused by the colour superconductivity of quark matter. A similar conclusion holds for the investigation of quark deconfinement in future generations of nucleus-nucleus collision experiments at low temperatures and high baryon densities such as CBM @ FAIR. C1 [Blaschke, David] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. [Blaschke, David] JINR Dubna, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Klaehn, Thomas] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Theory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sandin, Fredrik] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Phys, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Blaschke, D (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. EM blaschke@ift.uni.wroc.pl; Thomas.Klaehn@googlemail.com; Fredrik.Sandin@gmail.com NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014051 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014051 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800052 ER PT J AU Domingo-Pardo, C Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Berthoumieux, E Bisterzo, S Calvino, F Calviani, M Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Carrapico, C Cennini, P Chepel, V Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillmann, I Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fujii, K Furman, W Gallino, R Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Gramegna, F Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Jericha, E Kadi, Y Kappeler, F Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Koehler, P Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Massimi, C Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Santos, C Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Domingo-Pardo, C. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Assimakopoulos, P. Audouin, L. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Berthoumieux, E. Bisterzo, S. Calvino, F. Calviani, M. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Carrapico, C. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Colonna, N. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dillmann, I. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrant, L. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Fujii, K. Furman, W. Gallino, R. Goncalves, I. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Gramegna, F. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Jericha, E. Kadi, Y. Kaeppeler, F. Karadimos, D. Karamanis, D. Kerveno, M. Koehler, P. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lamboudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mengoni, A. Milazzo, P. M. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papachristodoulou, C. Papadopoulos, C. Paradela, C. Patronis, N. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perrot, L. Pigni, M. T. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Santos, C. Sarchiapone, L. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. TI The measurement of the Pb-206(n,gamma) cross section and stellar implications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; STARS; ELEMENTS; CHRONOMETERS; LEAD AB The neutron capture cross section of Pb-206 has been measured at the CERN n_TOF spectrometer using a setup of two C6D6 detectors. In the energy interval from 1 eV to 600 keV the cross section is dominated by resonances, which were analyzed via the R-matrix analysis code SAMMY. In the relevant energy ranges for stellar nucleosynthesis, i. e., at thermal energies of kT = 8 keV and kT = 23 keV, the present Maxwellian average cross section differs by 20% and 9% from the recommended values of Bao et al respectively. From the new cross section the s-abundance of Pb-206 could be reliably determined as 70( 4)%. This result is of importance in order to test and constrain r-process abundance calculations in the actinide region, because the r-process portion of Pb-206 is dominated by alpha-back decays of short-lived transbismuth isotopes. C1 [Domingo-Pardo, C.; Dillmann, I.; Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Abbondanno, U.; Fujii, K.; Milazzo, P. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Audouin, L.; Berthoumieux, E.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.; Plukis, A.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Alvarez, H.; Duran, I.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Embid-Segura, M.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Technol, Madrid, Spain. [Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Assimakopoulos, P.; Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Patronis, N.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H.; Oberhummer, H.; Pigni, M. T.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Baumann, P.; David, S.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Pavlik, A.; Rudolf, G.] CNRS, IN2P3 IReS, Strasbourg, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bisterzo, S.; Gallino, R.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Calviani, M.; Gramegna, F.; Mastinu, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Capote, R.; Mengoni, A.] IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Capote, R.; Lozano, M.; Quesada, J.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Carrapico, C.; Santos, C.; Tavora, L.; Vaz, P.] ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Cennini, P.; Dahlfors, M.; Ferrari, A.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Kadi, Y.; Mengoni, A.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Goncalves, I.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Goncalves, I.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Colonna, N.; Marrone, S.; Tagliente, G.; Terlizzi, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Eleftheriadis, C.; Lamboudis, C.; Savvidis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Ferrant, L.; Stephan, C.; Tassan-Got, L.] CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Furman, W.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Haas, B.] CNRS, IN2P3 CENBG, Bordeaux, France. [Haight, R.; Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heil, M.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Sez INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Papadopoulos, C.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard Vinci, Paris, France. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] CEC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. [Rubbia, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. RP Domingo-Pardo, C (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM cesar.domingo.pardo@cern.ch RI Guerrero, Carlos/L-3251-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Massimi, Cristian/K-2008-2015; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Goncalves, Isabel/J-6954-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014 OI Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Chepel, Vitaly/0000-0003-0675-4586; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Guerrero, Carlos/0000-0002-2111-546X; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0003-2499-5586; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014020 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014020 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800021 ER PT J AU Juodagalvis, A Sampaio, JM Langanke, K Hix, WR AF Juodagalvis, A. Sampaio, J. M. Langanke, K. Hix, W. R. TI Extended pool of electron-capture rates for core-collapse supernovae simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; SHELL NUCLEI; RATE TABLES; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; STATE AB The mechanism behind core-collapse supernova explosions is not yet fully understood. As computers get faster, more complex processes can be included in supernova models and the modelling can be performed in greater detail. Improved nuclear physics data play a role in improving the understanding of processes taking place during the core-collapse phase of this phenomenon. Large-scale shell model (LSSM) and shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC) calculations combined with the random phase approximation (RPA) have yielded two complementary pools of electron-capture and neutrino-nucleus reaction rates for iron group nuclei and beyond. Recently, the electron-capture SMMC+RPA pool was extended by including more neutron-rich nuclei to improve its predictions. At present the average rate is built from data on more than 250 nuclei. This presentation is focused on the features of this new, enlarged pool of electron-capture rates. The accuracy of predictions made with this extended pool is estimated. C1 [Juodagalvis, A.] ITPA, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Sampaio, J. M.] CFNUL, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Langanke, K.] GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Hix, W. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Juodagalvis, A (reprint author), ITPA, A Gostauto St 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013; Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014031 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014031 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800032 ER PT J AU Kinoshita, N Hashimoto, T Nakanishi, T Yokoyama, A Amakawa, H Mitsugashira, T Ohtsuki, T Takahashi, N Ahmad, I Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Jiang, CL Notani, M Pardo, RC Patel, N Rehm, KE Scott, R Vondrasek, R Jisonna, L Collon, P Robertson, D Schmitt, C Tang, XD Kashiv, Y Nassar, H Paul, M AF Kinoshita, N. Hashimoto, T. Nakanishi, T. Yokoyama, A. Amakawa, H. Mitsugashira, T. Ohtsuki, T. Takahashi, N. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Henderson, D. J. Jiang, C. L. Notani, M. Pardo, R. C. Patel, N. Rehm, K. E. Scott, R. Vondrasek, R. Jisonna, L. Collon, P. Robertson, D. Schmitt, C. Tang, X. D. Kashiv, Y. Nassar, H. Paul, M. TI Ultra-sensitive detection of p-process nuclide Sm-146 produced by (gamma,n),(p,2n epsilon) and (n,2n) reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID SEPARATION AB We are developing a technique of ultra-sensitive detection of the p-process Sm-146 nuclide by accelerator mass spectrometry. Sm-146 was produced via the reactions (gamma, n), (p, 2n epsilon) and (n, 2n) on Sm-147. Preliminary results demonstrate for the first time the capability of identifying unambiguously Sm-146 through separation and discrimination of its stable Nd-146 isobar and other background ions. We consider applying the detection method to an independent determination of Sm-146 half-life and to the measurements of cross sections of low-energy nuclear reactions producing long-lived nuclides in the vicinity of Sm-146. C1 [Kinoshita, N.; Hashimoto, T.; Nakanishi, T.; Yokoyama, A.] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Amakawa, H.] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Mitsugashira, T.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. [Takahashi, N.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Jiang, C. L.; Notani, M.; Pardo, R. C.; Patel, N.; Rehm, K. E.; Scott, R.; Vondrasek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jisonna, L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Collon, P.; Robertson, D.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kashiv, Y.; Nassar, H.; Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kinoshita, N (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014033 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014033 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800034 ER PT J AU Matos, M Estrade, A Amthor, M Aprahamian, A Bazin, D Becerril, A Elliot, T Galaviz, D Gade, A Gupta, S Lorusso, G Montes, F Pereira, J Portillo, M Rogers, AM Schatz, H Shapira, D Smith, E Stolz, A Wallace, M AF Matos, M. Estrade, A. Amthor, M. Aprahamian, A. Bazin, D. Becerril, A. Elliot, T. Galaviz, D. Gade, A. Gupta, S. Lorusso, G. Montes, F. Pereira, J. Portillo, M. Rogers, A. M. Schatz, H. Shapira, D. Smith, E. Stolz, A. Wallace, M. TI TOF-B rho mass measurements of very exotic nuclides for astrophysical calculations at the NSCL SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STAR; X-RAY-BURSTS; R-PROCESS; SPECTROMETRY; BEAMS AB Atomic masses play a crucial role in many nuclear astrophysics calculations. The lack of experimental values for relevant exotic nuclides triggered a rapid development of new mass measurement devices around the world. The time-of-flight (TOF) mass measurements offer a complementary technique to the most precise one, Penning trap measurements (Blaum 2006 Phys. Rep. 425 1), the latter being limited by the rate and half-lives of the ions of interest. The NSCL facility provides a well-suited infrastructure for the TOF mass measurements of very exotic nuclei. At this facility, we have recently implemented a TOF-B rho technique and performed mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclides in the Fe region, important for r-process calculations and for calculations of processes occurring in the crust of accreting neutron stars. C1 [Matos, M.; Estrade, A.; Amthor, M.; Bazin, D.; Becerril, A.; Elliot, T.; Galaviz, D.; Gade, A.; Lorusso, G.; Montes, F.; Pereira, J.; Portillo, M.; Rogers, A. M.; Schatz, H.; Stolz, A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Matos, M.; Estrade, A.; Amthor, M.; Aprahamian, A.; Becerril, A.; Elliot, T.; Lorusso, G.; Montes, F.; Pereira, J.; Rogers, A. M.; Schatz, H.; Smith, E.] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Estrade, A.; Amthor, M.; Becerril, A.; Elliot, T.; Gade, A.; Gupta, S.; Rogers, A. M.; Schatz, H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Aprahamian, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Inst Struct & Nucl Astrophys, South Bend, IN USA. [Gupta, S.; Wallace, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Shapira, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smith, E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Matos, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM matos@nscl.msu.edu RI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/A-7325-2008; Matos, Milan/G-6947-2012 OI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/0000-0003-2992-4496; Matos, Milan/0000-0003-1722-9509 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014045 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014045 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800046 ER PT J AU Mosconi, M Heil, M Kappeler, F Plag, R Mengoni, A Fujii, K Domingo-Pardo, C Aerts, G Terlizzi, R Gallino, R Abbondanno, U Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Calviani, M Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Carrapico, C Cennini, P Chepel, V Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillmann, I Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Furman, W Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Gramegna, F Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Jericha, E Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Koehler, P Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Massimi, C Mastinu, P Milazzo, PM Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Santos, C Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Mosconi, M. Heil, M. Kaeppeler, F. Plag, R. Mengoni, A. Fujii, K. Domingo-Pardo, C. Aerts, G. Terlizzi, R. Gallino, R. Abbondanno, U. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Assimakopoulos, P. Audouin, L. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Calviani, M. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Carrapico, C. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Colonna, N. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dillmann, I. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrant, L. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Furman, W. Goncalves, I. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Gramegna, F. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Jericha, E. Kadi, Y. Karadimos, D. Karamanis, D. Kerveno, M. Koehler, P. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lamboudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Milazzo, P. M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papachristodoulou, C. Papadopoulos, C. Paradela, C. Patronis, N. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perrot, L. Pigni, M. T. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Santos, C. Sarchiapone, L. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. CA n TOF Collaboration TI Nuclear physics for the Re/Os clock SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID NEUTRON CROSS-SECTIONS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; OS-187; ISOTOPES; STARS; AGE AB Dating the age of the universe by the beta-decay of (187)Re (t(1/2) = 41.2 Gyr) requires the accurate assessment of the s-process reaction flow. The daughter nucleus (187)Os as well as its immediate s-only neighbor (186)Os are shielded from the r-process. Therefore, the radiogenic contribution to (187)Os can be derived via the local approximation of the s-process, which is well justified in this mass region: ( N(s))(187) = ( N(s))(186). Accordingly, accurate Maxwellian-averaged (n,gamma) cross sections have to be known for (186)Os and (187)Os over the full range of s-process temperatures. Because (187)Os has low-lying excited states, which are significantly populated during the s-process, neutron captures on these excited states have to be properly taken into account. The input for the corresponding Hauser-Feshbach calculations can be constrained by deriving the strength functions from a detailed resonance analysis of the measured (n,gamma) cross sections as well as by an additional measurement of the inelastic scattering cross section for the first exited level, which dominates the competition between the capture and scattering channels. This contribution reports on measurements of the neutron capture cross sections of (186)Os, (187)Os and (188)Os from the eV region to 1MeV at the CERN/n_TOF facility and of the inelastic scattering cross section of (187)Os around 30 keV at the Karlsruhe 3.7 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Based on these results and on a detailed resonance analysis, improved Maxwellian-averaged cross sections were obtained for thermal energies between 5 keV and 100 keV. The implications of these results for the Re/Os clock are discussed. C1 [Mosconi, M.; Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Plag, R.; Domingo-Pardo, C.; Dillmann, I.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Heil, M.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Mengoni, A.; Capote, R.] IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. [Mengoni, A.; Dahlfors, M.; Ferrari, A.; Kadi, Y.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fujii, K.; Abbondanno, U.; Milazzo, P. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Audouin, L.; Berthoumieux, E.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.; Plukis, A.] CEA Saclay DSM DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Terlizzi, R.; Colonna, N.; Tagliente, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Gallino, R.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Alvarez, H.; Duran, I.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Embid-Segura, M.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Guerrero, C.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. [Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Assimakopoulos, P.; Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Patronis, N.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H.; Oberhummer, H.; Pigni, M. T.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Baumann, P.; David, S.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Pavlik, A.; Rudolf, G.] CNRS, IN2P3 IReS, Strasbourg, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Calviani, M.; Gramegna, F.; Mastinu, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Capote, R.; Quesada, J.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Carrapico, C.; Salgado, J.; Santos, C.; Tavora, L.; Vaz, P.] ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Goncalves, I.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Goncalves, I.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Eleftheriadis, C.; Savvidis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Ferrant, L.; Stephan, C.; Tassan-Got, L.] CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Furman, W.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Haas, B.] CNRS, IN2P3 CENBG, Bordeaux, France. [Haight, R.; Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Papadopoulos, C.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard Vinci, Paris, France. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] CEC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. [Rubbia, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. RP Mosconi, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM marita.mosconi@ik.fzk.de RI Guerrero, Carlos/L-3251-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Massimi, Cristian/K-2008-2015; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; Cortes, Guillem/B-6869-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Goncalves, Isabel/J-6954-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014 OI Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Marques, Rui/0000-0003-3549-8198; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Paradela Dobarro, Carlos/0000-0003-0175-8334; Chepel, Vitaly/0000-0003-0675-4586; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771; Guerrero, Carlos/0000-0002-2111-546X; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0003-2499-5586; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014015 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014015 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800016 ER PT J AU Surman, R Beun, J McLaughlin, GC Kane, S Hix, WR AF Surman, R. Beun, J. McLaughlin, G. C. Kane, S. Hix, W. R. TI The role of neutrinos in r-process nucleosynthesis in supernovae and gamma-ray bursts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Europhysics Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (NPA3) CY MAR 26-31, 2007 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc, Nucl Phys Board ID NEUTRON-STAR MERGERS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ACCRETION DISKS; METAL-POOR; DRIVEN WINDS; BLACK-HOLES; CAPTURE; ABUNDANCES; OUTFLOW; MODELS AB The exact astrophysical site of the r-process is uncertain, but the likely candidates-supernovae and compact merger events-are environments with high neutrino fluxes. Here we examine the role of neutrinos in r-process nucleosynthesis under two separate scenarios. In the first, we consider the consequences of a reduction in the electron neutrino flux in a core-collapse supernova environment. We show that such a reduction results in a vigorous r-process with a robust abundance signature due to fission cycling. In the second, we examine the production of r-process nuclei in the outflows from a black hole accretion disk as thought to accompany a merger-type gamma-ray burst (GRB). We use a parameterized outflow model and find the neutrino fluxes emitted from the GRB accretion disk facilitate the synthesis of light r-process nuclei over a broad region of the parameter space explored. C1 [Surman, R.; Kane, S.] Union Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Beun, J.; McLaughlin, G. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hix, W. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Surman, R (reprint author), Union Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. EM surmanr@union.edu RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR 014059 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014059 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PR UT WOS:000252019800060 ER PT J AU Okhuysen, BS Riahi, DN AF Okhuysen, B. S. Riahi, D. N. TI Nonlinear buoyant convection in mushy layers during alloy solidification SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITIONAL CONVECTION; BINARY-ALLOYS; STABILITY AB We consider the problem of nonlinear steady buoyant convection in horizontal mushy layers during alloy solidification. We analyze the effects of several parameters on the stationary modes of convection in the form of either hexagons or nonhexagons such as rolls, rectangles, and squares. No assumption is made on the thickness of the mushy layer, and a number of simplifying assumptions made in previous nonlinear analyses are relaxed here to study a richer set of phenomena. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we determine the steady solutions to the weakly nonlinear problem. The results of the analyses and computations indicate, in particular, that depending on the range of values of the parameters, bifurcation to nonhexagonal convection can be either supercritical or subcritical, while bifurcation to hexagon pattern convection, corresponding to the smallest value of the Rayleigh number, is subcritical. For variable permeability, subcritical down-hexagons with down-flow at the cell centers and up-flow at the cell boundaries, which have been observed in related experiments, and supercritical nonhexagons were predicted in a particular range of values of the parameters. C1 [Okhuysen, B. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Riahi, D. N.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Math, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Riahi, DN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM driahi@utpa.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 291 EP 303 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 258II UT WOS:000252861200006 ER PT J AU Cooper, M Shepherd, JE AF Cooper, M. Shepherd, J. E. TI Single-cycle impulse from detonation tubes with nozzles SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID STARTING PROCESS; PERFORMANCE; ENGINE; SIMULATIONS; FLOWS AB Experiments measuring the single-cycle impulse from detonation tubes with nozzles were conducted by hanging the tubes in a ballistic pendulum arrangement within a large tank. The detonation-tube nozzle and surrounding tank were initially filled with air between 1.4 and 100 kPa in pressure simulating high-altitude conditions. A stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen mixture at an initial pressure of 80 kPa filled the constant-diameter portion of the tube. Four diverging nozzles and six converging-diverging nozzles were tested. Two regimes of nozzle operation were identified, depending on the environmental pressure. Near sea-level conditions, unsteady gas-dynamic effects associated with the mass of air contained in the nozzle increase the impulse as much as 72% for the largest nozzle tested over the baseline case of a plain tube. Near vacuum conditions, the nozzles quasi-steadily expand the flow, increasing the impulse as much as 43% for the largest nozzle tested over the baseline case of a plain tube. Competition between the unsteady and quasi-steady-flow processes in the nozzle determine the measured impulse as the environmental pressure varies. C1 [Cooper, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Explos Technol Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shepherd, J. E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cooper, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Explos Technol Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Shepherd, Joseph/B-5997-2014 OI Shepherd, Joseph/0000-0003-3181-9310 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.2514/1.30192 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 255AX UT WOS:000252630200008 ER PT J AU Huang, YY Tseng, GC Yuan, SS Pasa-Tolic, L Lipton, MS Smith, RD Wysocki, VH AF Huang, Yingying Tseng, George C. Yuan, Shinsheng Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana Lipton, Mary S. Smith, Richard D. Wysocki, Vicki H. TI A data-mining scheme for identifying peptide structural motifs responsible for different MS/MS fragmentation intensity patterns SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE data mining; cluster analysis; K-means algorithm; penalized K-means algorithm; CART; statistical analysis; quantile map; peptide; MS/MS; intensity; ion trap; CID; fragmentation pattern; dissociation pattern; pairwise cleavage; Xxx-Zzz; cleavage pair; Fisher information; Pro; Gly; Asp; Glu; Arg; Lys ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; INDUCED DISSOCIATION SPECTRA; CHARGED TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; GAS-PHASE CLEAVAGE; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; LOW-ENERGY; STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ACIDIC RESIDUES; SPECTROMETRY; PREDICTION AB Although tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has become an integral part of proteomics, intensity patterns in MS/MS spectra are rarely weighted heavily in most widely used algorithms because they are not yet fully understood. Here a knowledge mining approach is demonstrated to discover fragmentation intensity patterns and elucidate the chemical factors behind such patterns. Fragmentation intensity information from 28330 ion trap peptide MS/MS spectra of different charge states and sequences went through unsupervised clustering using a penalized K-means algorithm. Without any prior chemistry assumptions, four clusters with distinctive fragmentation patterns were obtained. A decision tree was generated to investigate peptide sequence motif and charge state status that caused these fragmentation patterns. This data-mining scheme is generally applicable for any large data sets. It bypasses the common prior knowledge constraints and reports on the overall peptide fragmentation behavior. It improves the understanding of gas-phase peptide dissociation and provides a foundation for new or improved protein identification algorithms. C1 [Huang, Yingying; Wysocki, Vicki H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tseng, George C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biostat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Tseng, George C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Yuan, Shinsheng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana; Lipton, Mary S.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wysocki, VH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM vwysocki@email.arizona.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [KL2 RR024154, KL2RR024154-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM R0151387, R01 GM051387, R01 GM051387-12] NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1021/pr070106u PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248LG UT WOS:000252154200009 PM 18052120 ER PT J AU Frank, AM Bandeira, N Shen, Z Tanner, S Briggs, SP Smith, RD Pevzner, PA AF Frank, Ari M. Bandeira, Nuno Shen, Zhouxin Tanner, Stephen Briggs, Steven P. Smith, Richard D. Pevzner, Pavel A. TI Clustering millions of tandem mass spectra SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clustering; MS/MS; database search; spectral archives; spectral libraries ID PEPTIDE SEQUENCE TAGS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; SPECTROMETRY DATA; DATABASE SEARCH; PROTEOMICS; ANNOTATION; VALIDATION; THROUGHPUT AB Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments often generate redundant data sets containing multiple spectra of the same peptides. Clustering of MS/MS spectra takes advantage of this redundancy by identifying multiple spectra of the same peptide and replacing them with a single representative spectrum. Analyzing only representative spectra results in significant speed-up of MS/MS database searches. We present an efficient clustering approach for analyzing large MS/MS data sets (over 10 million spectra) with a capability to reduce the number of spectra submitted to further analysis by an order of magnitude. The MS/MS database search of clustered spectra results in fewer spurious hits to the database and increases number of peptide identifications as compared to regular nonclustered searches. Our open source software MS-Clustering is available for download at http://peptide.ucsd.edu or can be run online at http://proteomics.bioprojects.org/MassSpec. C1 [Frank, Ari M.; Bandeira, Nuno; Pevzner, Pavel A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shen, Zhouxin; Briggs, Steven P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tanner, Stephen] Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Frank, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM arf@cs.ucsd.edu; ppevzner@cs.ucsd.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1-R01-RR16522, R01 RR016522, R01 RR016522-03] NR 37 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1021/pr070361e PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248LG UT WOS:000252154200014 PM 18067247 ER PT J AU Jin, S Daly, DS Springer, DL Miller, JH AF Jin, Shuangshuang Daly, Donald S. Springer, David L. Miller, John H. TI The effects of shared peptides on protein quantitation in label-free proteomics by LC/MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shared peptides; mass spectrometry; protein families; proteomics ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACCURATE MASS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; TAG STRATEGY; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE; SEQUENCES; ALGORITHM; SEARCH AB Assessment of differential protein abundance from the observed properties of detected peptides is an essential part of protein profiling based on shotgun proteomics. However, the abundance observed for shared peptides may be due to contributions from multiple proteins that are affected differently by a given treatment. Excluding shared peptides eliminates this ambiguity but may significantly decrease the number of proteins for which abundance estimates can be obtained. Peptide sharing within a family of biologically related proteins does not cause ambiguity if family members have a common response to treatment. On the basis of this concept, we have developed an approach for including shared peptides in the analysis of differential protein abundance in protein profiling. Data from a recent proteomics study of lung tissue from mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide, cigarette smoke, and a combination of these agents are used to illustrate our method. Starting from data where about half of the implicated database protein involved shared peptides, 82% of the affected proteins were grouped into families, based on FASTA annotation, with closure on peptide sharing. In many cases, a common abundance relative to control was sufficient to explain ion-current peak areas for peptides, both unique and shared, that identified biologically related proteins in a peptide-sharing closure group. On the basis of these results, we propose that peptide-sharing closure groups provide a way to include abundance data for shared peptides in quantitative protein profiling by high-throughput mass spectrometry. C1 [Jin, Shuangshuang; Miller, John H.] Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Daly, Donald S.; Springer, David L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, JH (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jhmiller@tricity.wsu.edu NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1021/pr0704175 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248LG UT WOS:000252154200020 PM 18001079 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, J Gupta, N Smith, RD Pevzner, PA AF Rodriguez, Jesse Gupta, Nitin Smith, Richard D. Pevzner, Pavel A. TI Does trypsin cut before proline? SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trypsin; proline; mass spectrometry; proteolytic cleavage ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE MASS; COMBINATORIAL APPROACH; SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS; SPECIFICITY; LIBRARIES; EXPRESSION AB Trypsin is the most commonly used enzyme in mass spectrometry for protein digestion with high substrate specificity. Many peptide identification algorithms incorporate these specificity rules as filtering criteria. A generally accepted "Keil rule" is that trypsin cleaves next to arginine or lysine, but not before proline. Since this rule was derived two decades ago based on a small number of experimentally confirmed cleavages, we decided to re-examine it using 14.5 million tandem spectra (2 orders of magnitude increase in the number of observed tryptic cleavages). Our analysis revealed a surprisingly large number of cleavages before proline. We examine several hypotheses to explain these cleavages and argue that trypsin specificity rules used in peptide identification algorithms should be modified to "legitimatize" cleavages before proline. Our approach can be applied to analyze any protease, and we further argue that specificity rules for other enzymes should also be re-evaluated based on statistical evidence derived from large MS/MS data sets. C1 [Gupta, Nitin; Pevzner, Pavel A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rodriguez, Jesse; Pevzner, Pavel A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ngupta@ucsd.edu RI Gupta, Nitin/G-2420-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Gupta, Nitin/0000-0002-8408-3848; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU PHS HHS [1-R01-R16522] NR 30 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1021/pr0705035 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248LG UT WOS:000252154200035 PM 18067249 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Plutonium disproportionation: What did Sherman Rabideau measure? SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Sherman Rabideau's classic study of the disproportionation of Pu(IV) is reviewed and its results are questioned. Rabideau used mixed potentials and incorrect statements of mass and charge conservation to establish his conclusions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-6974-1 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 244LK UT WOS:000251867200029 ER PT J AU Reynaert, S Brooks, CF Moldenaers, P Vermant, J Fuller, GG AF Reynaert, Sven Brooks, Carlton F. Moldenaers, Paula Vermant, Jan Fuller, Gerald G. TI Analysis of the magnetic rod interfacial stress rheometer SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-STABILIZED EMULSIONS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; SURFACE RHEOLOGY; VISCOMETER; VISCOELASTICITY; ADSORPTION; LAYERS; DRAG AB The magnetic interfacial needle stress rheometer is a device capable of sensitive rheological interfacial measurements. Yet even for this device, when measuring interfaces with low elastic and viscous moduli, the system response of the instrument contributes significantly to the measured response. To determine the operation limits of the magnetic rod rheometer, we analyze the relative errors that are introduced by linearly subtracting the instrument contribution from the measured response. An analysis of the fluid mechanics demonstrates the intimate coupling between the flow field at the two-dimensional interface and in the bulk at low Boussinesq number. A nonzero Reynolds number is observed to have a similar order of magnitude effect. The resulting nonlinear interfacial deformation profiles lead to an error, which depends on the magnitude of the interfacial modulus, as well as on the phase angle. The conditions under which reliable measurements can be obtained are identified. Based on the analysis of the effects of system response, the Boussinesq and Reynolds numbers, small modifications to the measurement probe are proposed. A reduction of the mass and localization of the magnetic material result in even further improved instrument sensitivity. This is demonstrated experimentally for two cases, i.e., a purely viscous interface of known viscosity, as produced by spreading thin silicon oil films on a water layer, and a time-dependent viscoelastic interface, generated by the surface gelation of a lysozyme solution. (C) 2008 The Society of Rheology. C1 [Reynaert, Sven; Moldenaers, Paula; Vermant, Jan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Brooks, Carlton F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fuller, Gerald G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vermant, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, W Croylaan 46, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM jan.vermant@cit.kuleuven.be RI Vermant, Jan/E-3142-2010; OI Vermant, Jan/0000-0002-0352-0656 NR 32 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 39 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 261 EP 285 DI 10.1122/1.2798238 PG 25 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 254MD UT WOS:000252589800011 ER PT J AU Bailey, MS Li, QA Lobkovsky, EB Hinks, DG Mitchell, JF AF Bailey, Mark S. Li, Qing'an Lobkovsky, Emil B. Hinks, D. G. Mitchell, J. F. TI The Heusler phases LiRh2Si and LiRh2Ge: Synthesis, structure and properties SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lithium flux; Heusler phase; Heusler alloys; lithium rhodium silicide; lithium rhodium germanide; intermetallic ID TERNARY PHASES; GERMANIUM; COMPOUND; LITHIUM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR; SILICON AB The isostructural Heusler phases LiRh2Si and LiRh2Ge have been synthesized from the elements and an excess of lithium at 1000 degrees C. Both materials adopt the CuMn2Al crystal structure, space group Fm-3m (No. 225) with the room temperature lattice parameter a = 5.747(1) angstrom [Vol = 189.866(1) angstrom(3)] and a = 5.847(1) angstrom [Vol = 199.88(6) angstrom(3)] for LiRh2Si and LiRh2Ge, respectively. X-ray analyses suggest mixed site occupancy of the form Li1-xRh2Si1+x (x<0.4), but not for LiRh2Ge. Both materials are diamagnetic, chi(mol) (LiRh2Si) = -6 x 10(-5) cm(3)(mole)(-1) and chi(mol) (LiRh2Ge) = -10 x 10(-5) cm(3) (mole)(-1) and metallic with room temperature resistivities of approximately 19 and 32 mu Omega cm, respectively. These properties are consistent with the calculated electronic structure. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bailey, Mark S.; Li, Qing'an; Hinks, D. G.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lobkovsky, Emil B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mitchell, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mitchell@anl.gov RI Li, Qingan/L-3778-2013 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.10.030 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253HP UT WOS:000252509600005 ER PT J AU Paniconi, G Stoeva, Z Smith, RI Dippo, PC Gallagher, BL Gregory, DH AF Paniconi, Giordano Stoeva, Zlatka Smith, Ronald I. Dippo, Patricia C. Gallagher, Bryan L. Gregory, Duncan H. TI Synthesis, stoichiometry and thermal stability of Zn3N2 powders prepared by ammonolysis reactions SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc nitride; powder neutron diffraction; stoichiometry; nitrogen vacancies; ammonolysis ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; METAL AMIDES; THIN-FILMS; ZINC; ANNOUNCEMENT; NITRIDES; AMMONIA AB Zn3N2 powders were prepared by ammonolysis reactions at 600 degrees C and examined by thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray and neutron diffraction. The powders obtained in this way are unstable in an oxygen atmosphere above 450 degrees C. In an argon atmosphere, the powders are stable up to their decomposition point at around 700 degrees C. Structural models obtained from Rietveld refinements against the powder neutron diffraction data indicate that the Zn3N2 powders so-prepared have the anti-bixbyite structure and are almost certainly stoichiometric with no compelling evidence of nitrogen vacancies. Further, no evidence was found for aliovalent oxygen substitution at the nitrogen sites. The calculated bond valence sums imply that Zn3N2 cannot be described as a 100% ionic compound. The structural findings are supported by photo luminescence measurements that reveal a band gap of approximately 0.9 eV. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gregory, Duncan H.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Paniconi, Giordano; Stoeva, Zlatka] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Smith, Ronald I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Dippo, Patricia C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Measurements & Characterizat Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gallagher, Bryan L.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Gregory, DH (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Joseph Black Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM D.Gregory@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Stoeva, Zlatka/H-5062-2011; Gregory, Duncan/A-5489-2008; Gallagher, Bryan/B-8116-2013 OI Gregory, Duncan/0000-0002-4585-3280; Gallagher, Bryan/0000-0001-8310-0899 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.11.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253HP UT WOS:000252509600021 ER PT J AU Weil, KS AF Weil, K. S. TI The synthesis of transition metal nitrides via thermolysis of metal-ammine complexes, Part I: Chromium nitride SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transition metal nitride; ammine complex; ammonolysis ID NITRATE COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; THERMAL DECOMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TERNARY NITRIDE; PRECURSORS; POWDERS; AMMONOLYSIS; MECHANISM; TITANIUM; CHLORIDE AB The thermal decomposition of a CrN precursor, hexaammine chromium(II) chloride, in ammonia has been investigated via a combination of thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Upon heating, [Cr(NH3)(6)]Cl-2 sequentially loses ammonia ligands, ultimately forming CrCl2 center dot NH3 at similar to 400 degrees C. When heat-treated to 500 degrees C in ammonia, this compound ammonolyzes to form nanocrystalline CrN. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pni.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 181 IS 1 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.11.008 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253HP UT WOS:000252509600026 ER PT J AU Palmer, DA Rard, JA AF Palmer, Donald A. Rard, Joseph A. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Palmer, Donald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rard, Joseph A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Palmer, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM solution_chemistry@comcast.net NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9224-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 243KQ UT WOS:000251795700001 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, M. B. TI Topology and phases in fermionic systems SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Letter DE entanglement in extended quantum systems (theory) ID MATRICES; THEOREM; STATES AB There can exist topological obstructions to continuously deforming a gapped Hamiltonian for free fermions into a trivial form without closing the gap. These topological obstructions are closely related to obstructions to the existence of exponentially localized Wannier functions. We show that by taking two copies of a gapped, free fermionic system with complex conjugate Hamiltonians, it is always possible to overcome these obstructions. This allows us to write the ground state in matrix product form using Grassmann-valued bond variables, and show insensitivity of the ground state density matrix to boundary conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hastings, M. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JAN PY 2008 AR L01001 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/01/L01001 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 279SY UT WOS:000254376100001 ER PT J AU Bandi, MM Cressman, JR Goldburg, WI AF Bandi, M. M. Cressman, J. R., Jr. Goldburg, W. I. TI Test of the fluctuation relation in Lagrangian turbulence on a free surface SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluctuation relation; turbulence ID NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; DYNAMICAL ENSEMBLES; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS; ENTROPY PRODUCTION; THEOREM; EQUALITY; FLOWS; HYPOTHESIS; STATES AB The statistics of velocity divergence are studied for an assembly of particles that float on a closed turbulent fluid. Under an appropriate definition of entropy, the two-dimensional Lagrangian velocity divergence of a particle trajectory represents the local entropy rate. S, a random variable in time. The statistics of this rate, measured in the Lagrangian frame, are collected over a wide range of values. This permits a severe test of the fluctuation relation (FR) over a range that exceeds prior experiments, out to a regime beyond which the FR no longer holds. Notably, the probability density functions (PDF) of the dimensionless divergence sigma(tau) are strongly non-Gaussian. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bandi, MM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM mbandi@lanl.gov RI Cressman, John/F-2819-2013 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10955-007-9355-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 236ND UT WOS:000251308800002 ER PT J AU Pickle, SM Robinson, TJ Birch, JB Anderson-Cook, CM AF Pickle, Stephanie M. Robinson, Timothy J. Birch, Jeffrey B. Anderson-Cook, Christine M. TI A semi-parametric approach to robust parameter design SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Design Experiments - Theory and Applications CY MAY 13-15, 2005 CL Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci, Memphis, TN SP Univ Memphis, Wang Ctr Int Business HO Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci DE response surface; nonparametric regression; model robust regression; genetic algorithm ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; DUAL-RESPONSE APPROACH; REGRESSION AB Parameter design or robust parameter design (RPD) is an engineering methodology intended as a cost-effective approach for improving the quality of products and processes. The goal of parameter design is to choose the levels of the control variables that optimize a defined quality characteristic. An essential component of RPD involves the assumption of well estimated models for the process mean and variance. Traditionally, the modeling of the mean and variance has been done parametrically. It is often the case, particularly when modeling the variance, that nonparametric techniques are more appropriate due to the nature of the curvature in the underlying function. Most response surface experiments involve sparse data. In sparse data situations with unusual curvature in the underlying function, nonparametric techniques often result in estimates with problematic variation whereas their parametric counterparts may result in estimates with problematic bias. We propose the use of semi-parametric modeling within the robust design setting, combining parametric and nonparametric functions to improve the quality of both mean and variance model estimation. The proposed method will be illustrated with an example and simulations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Robinson, Timothy J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pickle, Stephanie M.; Birch, Jeffrey B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Robinson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Dept 3332,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tjrobin@uwyo.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1 BP 114 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2007.05.018 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 265YG UT WOS:000253397200012 ER PT J AU Ozol-Godfrey, A Anderson-Cook, C Robinson, TJ AF Ozol-Godfrey, Ayca Anderson-Cook, Christine Robinson, Timothy J. TI Fraction of design space plots for generalized linear models SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Design Experiments - Theory and Applications CY MAY 13-15, 2005 CL Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci, Memphis, TN SP Univ Memphis, Wang Ctr Int Business HO Univ Memphis, Dept Math Sci DE scaled prediction variance; design assessment; logistic regression; Poisson regression; parameter misspecification; canonical link ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; PREDICTION CAPABILITY; COMPARING DESIGNS; DISPERSION GRAPHS; BAYESIAN DESIGN; VARIANCE; MIXTURE AB The use of graphical methods for comparing the quality of prediction throughout the design space of an experiment has been explored extensively for responses modeled with standard linear models. In this paper, fraction of design space (FDS) plots are adapted to evaluate designs for generalized linear models (GLMs). Since the quality of designs for GLMs depends on the model parameters, initial parameter estimates need to be provided by the experimenter. Consequently, an important question to consider is the design's robustness to user misspecification of the initial parameter estimates. FDS plots provide a graphical way of assessing the relative merits of different designs under a variety of types of parameter misspecification. Examples using logistic and Poisson regression models with their canonical links are used to demonstrate the benefits of the FDS plots. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson-Cook, Christine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ozol-Godfrey, Ayca] Wyeth Vaccines Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. [Robinson, Timothy J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Anderson-Cook, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM c-and-cook@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2007.05.011 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 265YG UT WOS:000253397200020 ER PT J AU Davis, WJ Wood, DT Andrews, RG Elkind, LM Davis, WB AF Davis, W. Jackson Wood, Daniel T. Andrews, Ryan G. Elkind, Les M. Davis, W. Bart TI Elimination of delayed-onset muscle soreness by pre-resistance cardioacceleration before each set SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE muscle recovery; concurrent training; resistance training; weight training; progression; aerobic exercise; integrated ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEAVY-RESISTANCE EXERCISE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS; SINGLE BOUT; WARM-UP; DAMAGE; CONTRACTIONS; INTENSITY AB We compared delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by anaerobic resistance exercises with and without aerobic cardioacceleration before each set, under the rationale that elevated heart rate (HR) may increase blood perfusion in muscles to limit eccentric contraction damage and/or speed muscle recovery. In two identical experiments (20 men, 28 women), well-conditioned athletes paired by similar physical condition were assigned randomly to experimental or control groups. HR (independent variable) was recorded with HR monitors. DOMS (dependent variable) was self-reported using Borg's Rating of Perceived Pain scale. After identical pre-training strength testing, mean DOMS in the experimental and control groups was indistinguishable (P >= 0.19) for musculature employed in eight resistance exercises in both genders, validating the dependent variable. Subjects then trained three times per week for 9 (men) to 11 (women) weeks in a progressive, whole-body, concurrent training protocol. Before each set of resistance exercises, experimental subjects cardioaccelerated briefly (mean HR during resistance training, 63.7% HR reserve), whereas control subjects rested briefly (mean HR, 33.5% HR reserve). Mean DOMS among all muscle groups and workouts was discernibly less in experimental than control groups in men (P = 0.0000019) and women (P = 0.0007); less for each muscle group used in nine resistance exercises in both genders, discernible (P < 0.025) in 15 of 18 comparisons; and less in every workout, discernible (P < 0.05) in 32% (men) and 55% (women) of workouts. Most effect sizes were moderate. In both genders, mean DOMS per workout disappeared by the fourth week of training in experimental but not control groups. Aerobic cardioacceleration immediately before each set of resistance exercises therefore rapidly eliminates DOMS during vigorous progressive resistance training in athletes. C1 [Davis, W. Jackson] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wood, Daniel T.; Andrews, Ryan G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Off Phys Educ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Elkind, Les M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Student Hlth Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Davis, W. Bart] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jackson@MiracleWorkout.com NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f93a1 PG 14 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 249LK UT WOS:000252229600032 PM 18296978 ER PT J AU Hu, MH Qian, LP Brinas, RP Lymar, ES Kuznetsova, L Hainfeld, JF AF Hu, Minghui Qian, Luping Brinas, Raymond P. Lymar, Elena S. Kuznetsova, Larisa Hainfeld, James F. TI Gold nanoparticle-protein arrays improve resolution for cryo-electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteasome; gold nanoparticle; self-assembly; cryo-electron microscopy; single particle reconstruction ID 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LOCALIZATION; CLUSTER; CRYOMICROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION; PARTICLES; COMPLEXES; SURFACES AB Cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis shows limited resolution due to poor alignment precision of noisy images taken under low electron exposure. Certain advantages can be obtained by assembling proteins into two-dimensional (2D) arrays since protein particles are locked into repetitive orientation, thus improving alignment precision. We present a labeling method to prepare protein 2D arrays using gold nanoparticles (NPs) interconnecting genetic tag sites on proteins. As an example, mycobacterium tuberculosis 205 proteasomes tagged with 6x-histidine were assembled into 2D arrays using 3.9-nm Au NPs functionalized with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid. The averaged top-view images from the array particles showed higher resolution (by 6-8 angstrom) compared to analysis of single particles. The correct 7-fold symmetry was also evident by using array particles whereas it was not clear by analysis of a comparable number of single particles. The applicability of this labeling method for three-dimensional reconstruction of biological macromolecules is discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Minghui; Qian, Luping; Brinas, Raymond P.; Lymar, Elena S.; Kuznetsova, Larisa; Hainfeld, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hainfeld, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hainfeld@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01RR017545, P41 RR001777, P41 RR001777-160001, P41 RR001777-190001, R01 RR017545-01A1, R01 RR017545-02, R01 RR017545-05, P41 RR001777-140001, P41 RR001777-170001, R01 RR017545, R01 RR017545-03, R01 RR017545-04, P41 RR001777-140047, P41 RR001777-180001]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41EB002181, P41 EB002181] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 161 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.09.023 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 249KY UT WOS:000252228200009 PM 18006331 ER PT J AU Narayanan, S Sandy, A Shu, D Sprung, M Preissner, C Sullivan, J AF Narayanan, Suresh Sandy, Alec Shu, Deming Sprung, Michael Preissner, Curt Sullivan, Joseph TI Design and performance of an ultra-high-vacuum-compatible artificial channel-cut monochromator SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray monochromator; coherent X-ray scattering; ultra high vacuum ID ADVANCED-PHOTON-SOURCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING AB The design and performance of a novel ultra-high-vacuum-compatible artificial channel-cut monochromator that has been commissioned at undulator beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source are presented. Details of the mechanical and optical design, control system implementation and performance of the new device are given. The monochromator was designed to meet the challenging stability and optical requirements of the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy program hosted at this beamline. In particular, the device incorporates a novel in-vacuum sine-bar drive mechanism for the combined pitch motion of the two crystals and a flexure-based high-stiffness weak-link mechanism for fine-tuning the pitch and roll of the second crystal relative to the first crystal. The monochromator delivers an exceptionally uniform and stable beam and thereby improved brilliance preservation. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography. C1 [Narayanan, Suresh; Sandy, Alec; Shu, Deming; Sprung, Michael; Preissner, Curt; Sullivan, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sureshn@aps.anl.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1107/S090904950705340X PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 242AA UT WOS:000251695700003 PM 18097073 ER PT J AU Starodub, D Rez, P Hembree, G Howells, M Shapiro, D Chapman, HN Fromme, P Schmidt, K Weierstall, U Doak, RB Spence, JCH AF Starodub, D. Rez, P. Hembree, G. Howells, M. Shapiro, D. Chapman, H. N. Fromme, P. Schmidt, K. Weierstall, U. Doak, R. B. Spence, J. C. H. TI Dose, exposure time and resolution in serial X-ray crystallography SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE protein structure; coherent scattering; phase retrieval; transfer function ID DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SCATTERING; LASER; LIMITATIONS AB The resolution of X-ray diffraction microscopy is limited by the maximum dose that can be delivered prior to sample damage. In the proposed serial crystallography method, the damage problem is addressed by distributing the total dose over many identical hydrated macromolecules running continuously in a single-file train across a continuous X-ray beam, and resolution is then limited only by the available molecular and X-ray fluxes and molecular alignment. Orientation of the diffracting molecules is achieved by laser alignment. The incident X-ray fluence (energy/area) is evaluated that is required to obtain a given resolution from (i) an analytical model, giving the count rate at the maximum scattering angle for a model protein, (ii) explicit simulation of diffraction patterns for a GroEL-GroES protein complex, and (iii) the spatial frequency cut-off of the transfer function following iterative solution of the phase problem, and reconstruction of an electron density map in the projection approximation. These calculations include counting shot noise and multiple starts of the phasing algorithm. The results indicate counting time and the number of proteins needed within the beam at any instant for a given resolution and X-ray flux. An inverse fourth-power dependence of exposure time on resolution is confirmed, with important implications for all coherent X-ray imaging. It is found that multiple single-file protein beams will be needed for sub-nanometer resolution on current third-generation synchrotrons, but not on fourth-generation designs, where reconstruction of secondary protein structure at a resolution of 7 angstrom should be possible with relatively short exposures. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography. C1 [Starodub, D.; Rez, P.; Hembree, G.; Schmidt, K.; Weierstall, U.; Doak, R. B.; Spence, J. C. H.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Howells, M.; Shapiro, D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, H. N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fromme, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Starodub, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 871504, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM dmitri.starodub@asu.edu RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1107/S0909049507048893 PN 1 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 242AA UT WOS:000251695700010 PM 18097080 ER PT J AU Yi, JM Chu, YS Argunova, TS Domagala, JZ Je, JH AF Yi, J. M. Chu, Y. S. Argunova, T. S. Domagala, J. Z. Je, J. H. TI X-ray diffractometry and topography of lattice plane curvature in thermally deformed Si wafer SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE imaging; diffraction ID SILICON-WAFERS; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; DISLOCATIONS; DEFECTS; WARPAGE; OXYGEN AB The correlation between the microscopic lattice plane curvature and the dislocation structure in thermal warpage of 200 mm-diameter Czochralski Si (001) wafers has been investigated using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and topography. It is found that the (004) lattice plane curvature is locally confined between two neighboring slip bands, with the rotation axis parallel to the slip bands. High-resolution topography reveals that the curvature resulted from a fragmented dislocation structure. The local confinement is attributed to the multiplication of the dislocations that are generated between the two slip bands. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography. C1 [Yi, J. M.; Argunova, T. S.; Je, J. H.] POSTECH, Xray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Chu, Y. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Argunova, T. S.] RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Argunova, T. S.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Je, JH (reprint author), POSTECH, Xray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jhje@postech.ac.kr RI Domagala, Jaroslaw/P-1811-2016 OI Domagala, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-5515-9877 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 BP 96 EP 99 DI 10.1107/S0909049507045013 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 242AA UT WOS:000251695700014 PM 18097084 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Duffy, SF Baker, EH Swab, JJ Champoux, GJ AF Wereszczak, A. A. Duffy, S. F. Baker, E. H. Swab, J. J. Champoux, G. J. TI Strength of a ceramic sectored flexural test specimen SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ceramics; strength; sectored flexural specimen; effective area; effective volume; finite-element analysis; Weibull distribution; fractography AB A new test specimen, defined here as the "sectored flexural strength test specimen," was developed to measure the strength of ceramic tubes specifically for circumstances when flaws located at the tube's outer diameter are the strength-limiter when subjected to axial tension. The understanding of such strength-limitation is relevant when ceramic tubes are subjected to bending or when the internal temperature is hotter than the tube's exterior (e.g., heat exchangers). The test specimen is both economically and statistically attractive because eight test specimens (eight in the case of this project-but the user is not necessarily limited to eight) were extracted out of each length of tube. An analytic expression for maximum (or failure) stress, and relationships portraying effective area and effective volume as a function of Weibull modulus were developed. Lastly, it was shown through the testing of two ceramics that the sectored flexural specimen was very effective; it produced failures caused by strength-limiting flaws located on the tube's original outer diameter. C1 [Wereszczak, A. A.; Champoux, G. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Duffy, S. F.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Duffy, S. F.; Baker, E. H.] Connecticut Reserve Technol Inc, Strongsville, OH 44136 USA. [Swab, J. J.] USA, Res Lab, Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 301JL UT WOS:000255892100003 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Ayala, A Black, KN Graze, RR Koupal, J Minassian, F Murray, HB Natarajan, M Tennant, CJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, Steven H. Ayala, Alberto Black, Kevin N. Graze, R. Rob Koupal, John Minassian, Fred Murray, Hannah B. Natarajan, Mani Tennant, Christopher J. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the seventeenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) held its 17th On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop in. March 2007, where results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. We summarize ongoing Work from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the role and contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the Workshop discussed efforts,to improve mobile source emission models, light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions measurements, on- and off-road emissions measurements, effects of fuels and lubricating oils on emissions, as well as emerging issues and topics for future research. C1 [Lawson, Douglas R.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cadle, Steven H.] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. [Ayala, Alberto] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Black, Kevin N.] Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. [Graze, R. Rob] Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. [Koupal, John] US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Minassian, Fred] S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. [Murray, Hannah B.] Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Natarajan, Mani] Marathon Petr LLC, Findlay, OH USA. [Tennant, Christopher J.] Coordinating Res Council Inc, Alpharetta, GA USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.1.3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PA UT WOS:000252165100002 PM 18236789 ER PT J AU Yusufoglu, Y Akinc, M AF Yusufoglu, Yusuf Akinc, Mufit TI Effect of pH on the carbonate incorporation into the hydroxyapatite prepared by an oxidative decomposition of calcium-EDTA chelate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; APATITE; IONS; BONE; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHATES; POWDERS; FTIR AB In this study, the carbonate incorporation into the hydroxyapatite (HAp) lattice under various pH conditions was investigated. Crystalline-sodium and carbonate-containing calcium HAp (NaCO(3)HAp) powders were prepared using an oxidative decomposition of calcium-EDTA chelates in a sodium phosphate solution with hydrogen peroxide. The powders obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Depending on pH, spherical particles approximately 3.5 mu m in diameter or hexagonal prismatic particles measuring 3-9 mu m in length were obtained. Various characterization techniques showed that the precipitates were a single-phase NaCO(3)HAp. The carbonate content and the lattice parameters of the HAp were a function of solution pH. Maximum carbonate incorporated into the HAp lattice was at pH=10, corresponding to lattice parameters of a=0.93880 nm and c=0.69070 nm. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses indicate that the as-prepared samples are B-type carbonated HAp, in which carbonate ions occupy the phosphate sites. After heat treatment at 965 degrees C, most of the carbonate is removed from the HAp lattice. C1 [Yusufoglu, Yusuf; Akinc, Mufit] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yusufoglu, Yusuf; Akinc, Mufit] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02092.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 249EC UT WOS:000252209000012 ER PT J AU Bollen, J van de Sompel, H AF Bollen, Johan van de Sompel, Herbert TI Usage Impact Factor: The effects of sample characteristics on usage-based impact metrics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITATION ANALYSES; DIGITAL LIBRARY; JOURNAL IMPACT; SCIENCE; PUBLICATION; INFORMATION; STATISTICS; READERSHIP; NONSENSE; SYSTEM AB There exist ample demonstrations that indicators of scholarly impact analogous to the citation-based ISI Impact Factor can be derived from usage data; however, so far, usage can practically be recorded only at the level of distinct information services. This leads to community-specific assessments of scholarly impact that are difficult to generalize to the global scholarly community. In contrast, the ISI Impact Factor is based on citation data and thereby represents the global community of scholarly authors. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of community characteristics on assessments of scholarly impact from usage. We define a journal Usage Impact Factor that mimics the definition of the Thomson Scientific ISI Impact Factor. Usage Impact Factor rankings are calculated on the basis of a large-scale usage dataset recorded by the linking servers of the California State University system from 2003 to 2005. The resulting journal rankings are then compared to the Thomson Scientific ISI Impact Factor that is used as a reference indicator of general impact. Our results indicate that the particular scientific and demographic characteristics of a discipline have a strong effect on resulting usage-based assessments of scholarly impact. In particular, we observed that as the number of graduate students and faculty increases in a particular discipline, Usage Impact Factor rankings will converge more strongly with the ISI Impact Factor. C1 [Bollen, Johan; van de Sompel, Herbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bollen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbollen@lanl.gov; herbertv@lanl.gov OI Van de Sompel, Herbert/0000-0002-0715-6126 NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1002/asi.20746 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 252CR UT WOS:000252423000013 ER PT J AU Xia, QX Lin, CL Calhoun, R Newsom, RK AF Xia, Quanxin Lin, Ching-Long Calhoun, Ronald Newsom, Rob K. TI Retrieval of urban boundary layer structures from Doppler lidar data. Part I: Accuracy assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; FLOW STRUCTURES; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; TURBULENT VISCOSITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGLE-DOPPLER; CLOUD ANALYSIS; ADJOINT MODEL; FORT-WORTH AB Two coherent Doppler lidars from the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Arizona State University (ASU) were deployed in the Joint Urban 2003 atmospheric dispersion field experiment (JU2003) held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The dual-lidar data were used to evaluate the accuracy of a fourdimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) method and to identify the coherent flow structures in the urban boundary layer. The objectives of the study are threefold. The first objective is to examine the effect of eddy viscosity models on the quality of retrieved velocity data. The second objective is to determine the fidelity of single-lidar 4DVAR and evaluate the difference between single- and dual-lidar retrievals. The third objective is to inspect flow structures above some geospatial features on the land surface. It is found that the approach of treating eddy viscosity as part of the control variables yields better results than the approach of prescribing viscosity. The ARL single-lidar 4DVAR is able to retrieve radial velocity fields with an accuracy of 98% in the along-beam direction and 80%-90% in the cross-beam direction. For the dual-lidar 4DVAR, the accuracy of retrieved radial velocity in the ARL cross-beam direction improves to 90%-94% of the ASU radial velocity data. By using the dual-lidar-retrieved data as a reference, the single-lidar 4DVAR is able to recover fluctuating velocity fields with 70%-80% accuracy in the along- beam direction and 60%-70% accuracy in the cross-beam direction. Large- scale convective roll structures are found in the vicinity of the downtown airport and parks. Vortical structures are identified near the business district. Strong up- and downdrafts are also found above a cluster of restaurants. C1 [Xia, Quanxin; Lin, Ching-Long] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Xia, Quanxin; Lin, Ching-Long] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Calhoun, Ronald] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, CL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ching-long-lin@uiowa.edu RI Lin, Ching-Long/D-5488-2009 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2328.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 254PG UT WOS:000252597900001 ER PT J AU Soares, TA Straatsma, TP Lins, RD AF Soares, Thereza A. Straatsma, T. P. Lins, Roberto D. TI Influence of the B-band O-antigen chain in the structure and electrostatics of the lipopolysaccharide membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide membrane; B-band; molecular dynamics; electrostatic surface potential ID H-2 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; A-BAND; SIMULATIONS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; ENDOTOXINS; MUTATIONS; BILAYERS; REVEALS; STRAINS AB Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) form the major constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and are believed to play a key role in processes that govern microbial metal binding, surface adhesion, and microbe-mediated oxidation/reduction reactions. It is also a major causative agent of nosocomial illness, eliciting both chronic and acute infections in burn, immunocompromised, and cystic fibrosis. Phenotypic variation in the relative expression of A- and B-band in the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to alter its overall surface characteristics influencing adhesion and favoring survival. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of A-B+ LPS membrane model of P. aeruginosa were carried out in explicit solvent for 12+ ns. The B-band presents a remarkable flexibility remaining fully solvated and does not interact with the sugar units from the LPS core surface residues, in agreement with atomic force microscopy experiments. Comparison with previous simulations of the rough LPS membrane suggests that the presence of the B-band promotes membrane expansion. In addition, this O-antigen chain dramatically alters the electrostatic potential and surface charge of the LPS membrane. This is illustrated by the resulting electrostatic surface potential. These results are compared to previous simulations of the rough LPS and a model hypothesis is proposed to explain the increased ability of B-band expressing microorganisms to adhere to cell surfaces and the necessity of these organisms to loose the O side chain for the development of acute infections. C1 [Soares, Thereza A.; Straatsma, T. P.; Lins, Roberto D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lins, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roberto.lins@pnl.gov RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012; Soares, Thereza/G-1065-2010 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025; Soares, Thereza/0000-0002-5891-6906 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC BRASILEIRA QUIMICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 26037, 05599-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-5053 J9 J BRAZIL CHEM SOC JI J. Braz. Chem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1590/S0103-50532008000200018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 284CL UT WOS:000254682700017 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Heaton, JR Kang, SH Dees, DW Jansen, AN AF Abraham, D. P. Heaton, J. R. Kang, S. -H. Dees, D. W. Jansen, A. N. TI Investigating the low-temperature impedance increase of lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; BATTERIES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROLYTES; ELECTRODES; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; INSERTION; GRAPHITE; CAPACITY AB Low-temperature performance loss is a significant barrier to commercialization of lithium-ion cells in hybrid electric vehicles. Increased impedance, especially at temperatures below 0 degrees C, reduces the cell pulse power performance required for cold engine starts, quick acceleration, or regenerative braking. Here we detail electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data on binder-and carbon-free layered-oxide and spinel-oxide electrodes, obtained over the + 30 to -30 degrees C temperature range, in coin cells containing a lithium-preloaded Li4/3Ti5/3O4 composite (LTOc) counter electrode and a LiPF6-bearing ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate electrolyte. For all electrodes studied, the impedance increased with decreasing cell temperature; the increases observed in the midfrequency arc dwarfed the increases in ohmic resistance and diffusional impedance. Our data suggest that the movement of lithium ions across the electrochemical interface on the active material may have been increasingly hindered at lower temperatures, especially below 0 degrees C. Low-temperature performance may be improved by modifying the electrolyte-active material interface (for example, through electrolyte composition changes). Increasing surface area of active particles (for example, through nanoparticle use) can lower the initial electrode impedance and lead to lower cell impedances at -30 degrees C. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abraham@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP A41 EP A47 DI 10.1149/1.2801366 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400008 ER PT J AU Benedek, R van de Walle, A AF Benedek, R. van de Walle, A. TI Free energies for acid attack reactions of lithium cobaltate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; WAVE BASIS-SET; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; LICOO2; ELECTRODES; CAPACITY; TEMPERATURE; DISSOLUTION; MECHANISMS AB The attack of lithium-ion battery cathodes by stray aqueous HF, with resultant dissolution, protonation, and possibly other unintended reactions, can be a significant source of capacity fade. We explore the calculation of reaction free energies of lithium cobaltate in acid by a "hybrid" method, in which solid-phase free energies are calculated from first principles at the generalized gradient approximation + intrasite coulomb interaction (GGA+U) level and tabulated values of ionization potentials and hydration energies are employed for the aqueous species. Analysis of the dissolution of the binary oxides Li2O and CoO suggests that the atomic energies for Co and Li should be shifted from values calculated by first principles to yield accurate reaction free energies within the hybrid method. With the shifted atomic energies, the hybrid method was applied to analyze proton-promoted dissolution and protonation reactions of LiCoO2 in aqueous acid. Reaction free energies for the dissolution reaction, the reaction to form Co3O4 spinel, and the proton-for-lithium exchange reaction are obtained and compared to empirical values. An extension of the present treatment to consider partial reactions is proposed, with a view to investigating interfacial and environmental effects on the dissolution reaction. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Benedek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [van de Walle, A.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benedek@anl.gov RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU Office of Freedom-Car and Vehicle Technologies (Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies Program); U.S. Department of Energy [W31-109-Eng-38]; National Science Foundation; NCSA [DMR060011N]; SDSC [DMR060011N] FX We are most grateful to M. M. Thackeray for his guidance and encouragement. This work was supported by the Office of Freedom-Car and Vehicle Technologies (Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies Program), U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. W31-109-Eng-38. A. van de Walle was supported by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid computing resources provided by NCSA and SDSC under grant DMR060011N. Grants of computer time at the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, are gratefully acknowledged. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U. S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP A711 EP A715 DI 10.1149/1.2954958 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500002 ER PT J AU Dees, D Gunen, E Abraham, D Jansen, A Prakash, J AF Dees, Dennis Gunen, Evren Abraham, Daniel Jansen, Andrew Prakash, Jai TI Electrochemical modeling of lithium-ion positive electrodes during hybrid pulse power characterization tests SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION CELL; IMPEDANCE; LINI0.8CO0.15AL0.05O2; OPTIMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; BATTERIES; DESIGN AB An electrochemical model was developed to examine hybrid pulsed power characterization (HPPC) tests on the positive electrode of lithium-ion cells. By utilizing the same fundamental equations as in previous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, this investigation serves as an extension of the earlier work and a comparison of the two techniques. The electrochemical model was used to examine performance characteristics and limitations for the positive electrode during HPPC tests. Parametric studies using the electrochemical model and focusing on the positive electrode thickness were employed to examine methods of slowing electrode aging and improving performance. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Dees, Dennis; Abraham, Daniel; Jansen, Andrew] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gunen, Evren; Prakash, Jai] IIT, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Dees, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dees@anl.gov RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP A603 EP A613 DI 10.1149/1.2939211 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600008 ER PT J AU Hardwick, LJ Marcinek, M Beer, L Kerr, JB Kostecki, R AF Hardwick, Laurence J. Marcinek, Marek Beer, Leanne Kerr, John B. Kostecki, Robert TI An investigation of the effect of graphite degradation on irreversible capacity in lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE; IN-SITU RAMAN; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; SELF-DISCHARGE; BATTERIES AB The effect of surface structural damage on graphitic anodes, commonly observed in tested Li-ion cells, was investigated. Similar surface structural disorder was artificially induced in Mag-10 synthetic graphite anodes using argon-ion sputtering. Raman microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements confirmed that Ar-ion sputtered Mag-10 electrodes display a similar degree of surface degradation as the anodes from tested Li-ion cells. Artificially modified Mag-10 anodes showed double the irreversible charge capacity during the first formation cycle compared to fresh unaltered anodes. Impedance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on surface-modified graphite anodes indicated the formation of a thicker and slightly more resistive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis of solvent extracts from the electrodes detected the presence of new compounds with M(w) on the order of 1600 g mol(-1) for the surface-modified electrode with no evidence of elevated M(w) species for the unmodified electrode. The structural disorder induced in the graphite during long-term cycling may be responsible for the slow and continuous SEI layer reformation, and consequently, the loss of reversible capacity due to the shift of lithium inventory in cycled Li-ion cells. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Hardwick, Laurence J.; Marcinek, Marek; Beer, Leanne; Kerr, John B.; Kostecki, Robert] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hardwick, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 63 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP A442 EP A447 DI 10.1149/1.2903882 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100007 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Thackeray, MM AF Kang, S. -H. Thackeray, M. M. TI Stabilization of xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-x)LiMO2 electrode surfaces (M = Mn, Ni, Co) with mildly acidic, fluorinated solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; SECONDARY BATTERIES; LAYERED ELECTRODES; MANGANESE-OXIDE; CELLS; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; INSERTION; CAPACITY AB It has been demonstrated previously that Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 electrodes [xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1 - x)LiMO2, M = Mn, Ni, Co] can provide anomalously high electrochemical capacities (similar to 250 mAh/g) if charged to high potentials (>4.6 V). High- voltage charging results in an irreversible capacity loss on the initial charge/discharge cycle; it also damages the electrode surface, leading to a high cell impedance. In this paper, we report that preconditioning 0.1Li(2)MnO(3)center dot 0.9LiMn(0.256)Ni(0.372)Co(0.372)O(2) electrode powders [alternatively Li-1.048(Mn0.333Ni0.333Co0.333)(0.952)O-2 in Li1+xM1-xO2 notation] with extremely mild acidic solutions of NH4PF6, (NH4)(3)AlF6, and NH4BF4 salts in water and methanol (pH 6-6.5) leads to remarkable cycling stability of both lithium half- cells and full lithium-ion cells when repeatedly charged to high voltages (>= 4.5 V). The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to stabilized electrode surfaces that are etched and passivated by fluorinated species. The low- temperature behavior of unconditioned and preconditioned electrodes is presented. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Kang, S. -H.; Thackeray, M. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Battery Dept, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Battery Dept, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010 NR 31 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 86 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 4 BP A269 EP A275 DI 10.1149/1.2834904 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 271AQ UT WOS:000253761700001 ER PT J AU Kim, IS Vaughey, JT Auciello, O AF Kim, Il-Seok Vaughey, J. T. Auciello, O. TI Thin-film Cu(6)Sn(5) electrodes: Synthesis, properties, and current collector interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; INTERMETALLIC ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; ANODES; MICROBATTERIES; ETA'-CU6SN5; LITHIATION AB Thin-film Cu(6)Sn(5) anodes were created using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. Several films were studied demonstrating different compositional variables, namely, (i) as-deposited, nanocrystalline Cu(6)Sn(5) on stainless steel, (ii) annealed Cu(6)Sn(5) on stainless steel, and (iii) Cu(6)Sn(5)/Pt film electrodes. The annealed Cu(6)Sn(5) films showed enhanced grain growth compared to the as-deposited samples, were found to have higher crystallinity, and exhibited a lower lithium cycling capacity than the nanocrystalline samples. Films incorporating a Pt underlayer between the current collector and the Cu(6)Sn(5) film were evaluated and showed a 30% higher cycling capacity than the annealed samples or typical bulk laminates. Understanding the interaction between the interlayer and the displaced copper is postulated to be an important variable in extending cycle life. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Kim, Il-Seok; Auciello, O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Interfacial Mat Grp, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vaughey, J. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Grp, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Interfacial Mat Grp, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vaughey@cmt.anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP A448 EP A451 DI 10.1149/1.2904525 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100008 ER PT J AU Liu, G Zheng, H Kim, S Deng, Y Minor, AM Song, X Battaglia, VS AF Liu, G. Zheng, H. Kim, S. Deng, Y. Minor, A. M. Song, X. Battaglia, V. S. TI Effects of Various Conductive Additive and Polymeric Binder Contents on the Performance of a Lithium-Ion Composite Cathode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-BLACK; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-POWER; BATTERIES; RUBBER; ELECTRODE; CELLS; PVDF AB Fundamental electrochemical methods, cell performance tests, and physical characterization tests, such as electron microscopy, were used to study the effects of levels of the inert materials [acetylene black (AB), a nanoconductive additive, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), a polymer binder] on the power performance of lithium-ion composite cathodes. The electronic conductivity of the AB/PVDF composites at different compositions was measured with a four-point probe direct current method. The electronic conductivity was found to increase rapidly and plateau at an AB:PVDF ratio 0.2:1 (by weight), with 0.8:1 being the highest conductivity composition. AB:PVDF compositions along the plateau of 0.2:1, 0.4:1, 0.6:1, and 0.8:1 were investigated. Electrodes of each of those compositions were fabricated with different fractions of AB/PVDF to active material. It was found that at the 0.8:1 AB:PVDF, the rate performance improved with increases in the AB/PVDF loading, whereas at the 0.2:1 AB:PVDF, the rate performance improved with decreases in the AB/PVDF loading. The impedance of electrodes made with 0.6:1 AB:PVDF was low and relatively invariant. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2976031] All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, G.; Zheng, H.; Deng, Y.; Song, X.; Battaglia, V. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, S.; Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zheng, H.] Henan Normal Univ, Xinxiang, Henan Provence, Peoples R China. RP Liu, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Gliu@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP A887 EP A892 DI 10.1149/1.2976031 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700003 ER PT J AU Saint, J Best, AS Hollenkamp, AF Kerr, J Shin, JH Doeff, MM AF Saint, J. Best, A. S. Hollenkamp, A. F. Kerr, J. Shin, J. -H. Doeff, M. M. TI Compatibility of LixTiyMn1-yO2 (y=0, 0.11) electrode materials with pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid electrolyte systems SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; LITHIUM BATTERY; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; MANGANESE OXIDE; PHASES; CELL AB The possibility of using electrolyte systems based on room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in lithium-battery configurations is discussed. The nonflammability and wide potential windows of RTIL-based systems are attractive potential advantages, which may ultimately lead to the development of safer, higher energy density devices than those that are currently available. An evaluation of the compatibility of these electrolyte systems with candidate electrodes is critical for further progress. A comparison of the electrochemical behavior of Li/RTIL/LixMnO2 and LixTi0.11Mn0.89O2 cells with those containing conventional carbonate solutions is presented and discussed in terms of the physical properties of two RTIL systems and their interactions with the cathodes. Strategies to improve performance and minimize cathode dissolution are presented. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Saint, J.; Doeff, M. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kerr, J.; Shin, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Electrochem Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Best, A. S.; Hollenkamp, A. F.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Saint, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MMDoeff@lbl.gov RI Best, Adam/G-2012-2012; Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP A172 EP A180 DI 10.1149/1.2820627 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800012 ER PT J AU Shin, JH Cairns, EJ AF Shin, Joon Ho Cairns, Elton J. TI Characterization of N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-LiTFSI-Tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether mixtures as a li metal cell electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUID; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; SULFUR CATHODE; LITHIUM; BATTERY; SOLVENT; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE; BEHAVIOR; SALT AB We have employed tetra(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as a polymer solvent in mixed electrolytes composed of N-methyl-n-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI), LiTFSI, and TEGDME and characterized their physical and electrochemical properties as well as the cyclability of Li/S cells with PYR14TFSI+x LiTFSI (x=moles LiTFSI/kg PYR14TFSI)+y TEGDME (y=kg TEGDME/kg PYR14TFSI) electrolyte. The addition of the TEGDME polymer solvent to the PYR14TFSI+0.2 m LiTFSI+y TEGDME mixtures resulted in a significant enhancement of ionic conductivity, particularly at lower temperatures. Interfacial impedance and galvanostatic Li cycling measurements show that the PYR14TFSI+0.2 m LiTFSI+y TEGDME ternary mixture exhibits excellent compatibility with Li metal electrodes. The use of the ternary mixture as an electrolyte in a Li/S cell provided good charge and discharge capability of the cell at room temperature with a discharge capacity of 887 mAh/g sulfur at 0.054 mA/cm(2) and at low temperature (similar to 0 degrees C) with a discharge capacity of about 440 mAh/g sulfur at 0.033 mA/cm(2) for the first cycle, respectively (theoretical specific capacity 1672 mAh/g sulfur). In addition, the cell tested at 0 degrees C exhibited a stable cyclability after the 5th cycle, with a discharge capacity of 248 mAh/g sulfur for the 20th cycle. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Shin, Joon Ho; Cairns, Elton J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cairns, Elton J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shin, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejcairns@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 31 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 5 BP A368 EP A373 DI 10.1149/1.2869876 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 285MA UT WOS:000254779700003 ER PT J AU Stewart, S Newman, J AF Stewart, Sarah Newman, John TI Measuring the salt activity coefficient in lithium-battery electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION; LIPF6 AB Activity coefficients were measured in concentration-cell and melting-point-depression experiments. Results from concentration-cell experiments are presented for solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF(6)) in propylene carbonate as well as in a 1:1 by weight solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate. A constant transference number, t(+)(0), of 0.38 was estimated for these solutions with a thermodynamic factor increasing between 1 and 4 for the concentration range up to 1.75 M. Measurements of the activity coefficient are also presented from melting-point-depression experiments in solutions of LiPF(6) in EC. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to measure melting points for solutions of different concentrations. This technique is shown to be useful for measuring activity coefficients in single-solvent electrolytes; however, data are necessary for the relative partial molal enthalpy of these solutions for accurate results. The thermodynamic factor of LiPF(6) solutions in EC varies between ca. 1.1 and 3.17 for the concentration range 0.0625 to 1 M (above this concentration there appears to be a eutectic point). It is shown that the solutions of LiPF(6) investigated are not ideal but that an assumption of ideality for these solutions may overestimate the specific energy of a lithium-ion cell by only 0.6%. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Stewart, Sarah; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Energy Technol Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, Sarah; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stewart, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Energy Technol Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sstewart@exponent.com RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP A458 EP A463 DI 10.1149/1.2904526 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100010 ER PT J AU Stewart, S Albertus, P Srinivasan, V Plitz, I Pereira, N Amatucci, G Newman, J AF Stewart, Sarah Albertus, Paul Srinivasan, Venkat Plitz, Irene Pereira, Nathalie Amatucci, Glenn Newman, John TI Optimizing the performance of lithium titanate spinel paired with activated carbon or iron phosphate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; ELECTRODE; OPTIMIZATION; BATTERIES; MOBILITY; DESIGN; SALTS AB Here we describe a model for lithium titanate spinet paired with an activated carbon electrode: an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor. The model is compared to experimental results. The performance of this system is compared to a lithium titanate spinel/lithium iron phosphate battery. The model is used to study the, performance of these chemistries and to assist in cell optimization. A Ragone plot is generated for various cell designs in order to assess the ability of the chemistries to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy goals for hybrid-electric vehicles. The specific energy of a cell is maximized by optimizing the design for a fixed time of discharge. The thickness and porosity of both electrodes are varied, while holding constant the capacity ratio for the, two electrodes, as well as the properties of the separator. The capacity ratio can also be optimized for each time of discharge. A 41% increase in specific power is seen when one optimizes the capacity ratio of a lithium titanate spinel/iron phosphate battery. The optimized designs derived here can be used as a starting point for battery manufacturers and to help decrease the time to commercialization. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Stewart, Sarah; Albertus, Paul; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, Sarah; Srinivasan, Venkat; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plitz, Irene; Pereira, Nathalie; Amatucci, Glenn] Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, N Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RP Stewart, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sstewarts@exponent.com RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP A253 EP A261 DI 10.1149/1.2830552 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 266YB UT WOS:000253472900011 ER PT J AU Stewart, SG Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Stewart, Sarah G. Srinivasan, Venkat Newman, John TI Modeling the performance of lithium-ion batteries and capacitors during hybrid-electric-vehicle operation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTES; OPTIMIZATION; PHOSPHATE; DESIGN; CARBON; CELL AB A system model has been adapted to simulate the hybrid-pulse-power-characterization test. Simulation results improve upon traditional Ragone plots by capturing the complexity of pulse performance during hybrid-electric-vehicle (HEV) operation. Using this approach, system design (electrode thicknesses and porosities) is optimized for a specific power-to-energy ratio. Lithium-ion batteries are capable of satisfying Department of Energy goals for pulse power and energy densities in HEVs. We show that a 2.7 V electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) available today is unable to meet these goals. It would be necessary to increase the intrinsic capacitance by a factor of 3, or to increase the voltage window to 3.7 V. We also investigate an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor (a lithium titanate spinel/activated carbon system). We show that this technology, which has a higher energy density than a traditional EDLC, may obtain 13 Wh/kg (without accounting for packaging weight) and has promise for meeting the demands of an HEV. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Stewart, Sarah G.; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, Sarah G.; Srinivasan, Venkat; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stewart, SG (reprint author), Exponent, 149 Commonwealth Dr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstewart@exponent.com RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 10 U2 76 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 9 BP A664 EP A671 DI 10.1149/1.2953524 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 331UT UT WOS:000258038800008 ER PT J AU Camaratta, M Wachsman, E AF Camaratta, Matthew Wachsman, Eric TI High-performance composite Bi2Ru2O7-Bi1.6Er0.4O3 cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED BISMUTH OXIDE; OXYGEN SEPARATION; IT-SOFCS; ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; PYROCHLORES; ELECTRODES; INTERFACES; SYSTEM AB Porous composite electrodes consisting of Bi2Ru2O7 (BRO7) and Er0.4Bi1.6O3 (ESB20) were synthesized and characterized using impedance spectroscopy on symmetrical cells. Electrode performance was manipulated compositionally by varying the weight percent of each phase in the composite. Microstructural influences on electrode resistance were examined by varying starting particle sizes of BRO7 and ESB20 powders and using a combination of sedimentation to further reduce particle size and size distributions as well as ultrasonication to break up soft agglomerates. The effect of electrode thickness was also studied by applying successive coats of the electrode inks to the electrolyte substrates. In addition, application of a pure BRO7 current collector was found to dramatically improve performance. Using these optimization techniques, a minimum electrode area specific resistance of 0.03 Omega cm(2) was attained at 700 degrees C. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Camaratta, Matthew; Wachsman, Eric] Univ Florida, UF DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Camaratta, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, UF DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ewach@mse.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP B135 EP B142 DI 10.1149/1.2806792 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800018 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Wang, CS Payzant, EA Xia, CR Chu, D AF Chen, Xilin Wang, Chunsheng Payzant, E. Andrew Xia, Changrong Chu, Deryn TI An Oxide Ion and Proton Co-Ion Conducting Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) Electrolyte for Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHOSPHATE COMPOSITE; IN3+-DOPED SNP2O7; STATE; ATMOSPHERES; PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; CERIA AB The ionic conductivity of Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) ceramic was investigated under various atmospheres within the temperature range of 130-230 degrees C. Similar to mixed-conductive perovskite oxides at high temperatures (such as SrCe(0.95)Yb(0.05)O(3-alpha,)La(0.9)Sr(0.1)Ga(0.8)Mg(0.2)O(3-alpha) at 600-1000 degrees C), Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) can conduct both protons and oxide ions at low temperatures (130-230 degrees C). The conductivity of Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) reaches 0.019 S/cm at 200 degrees C in wet nitrogen. Its transport numbers determined by steam concentration cells are around 0.76 for a proton and 0.12 for an oxide ion. The performance of direct methanol fuel cells at 170 degrees C using mixed-ion conductive Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) electrolyte is higher than that at 235 degrees C using pure proton conductive CsH(2)PO(4) electrolyte. This is attributed to direct oxidation of CO at the anode by the oxide ions generated at the cathode and moved through the Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7) electrolyte. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2988135] All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Xilin; Wang, Chunsheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Payzant, E. Andrew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xia, Changrong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chu, Deryn] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, XL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cswang@umd.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Xia, Changrong/D-5351-2009; Chen, Xilin/A-1409-2012; Wang, Chunsheng/H-5767-2011 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Wang, Chunsheng/0000-0002-8626-6381 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0187]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant no. W911NF-06-1-0187. Partial work was done at Tennessee Technological University. The XRD analysis is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP B1264 EP B1269 DI 10.1149/1.2988135 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700025 ER PT J AU Delacourt, C Newman, J AF Delacourt, Charles Newman, John TI Mathematical modeling of a cation-exchange membrane containing two cations SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELL MODEL; WATER TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSPORT; EQUILIBRIUM; NAFION; ION; H+ AB Transport phenomena in an ion-exchange membrane containing both H(+) and K(+) are described using the multicomponent diffusion (extended Stefan-Maxwell) equations. Expressions for macroscopic transport parameters, i.e., conductivity, proton transference number, water electro-osmotic coefficient, and transport parameters characterizing diffusion at zero current, are derived as a function of the binary interaction parameters, D(ij), used in the multicomponent transport equations. As experimental data for only four transport properties are available in the literature, the six Dij values cannot be determined in an unequivocal manner. It is in harmony with the data that D(H+),(K+) is large, and linear variations of ln(D(ij)) with y(HM) are assumed for the other D(ij) coefficients. Values for the slopes of those linear variations are refined by nonlinear least-square regression on the four experimental transport properties. General governing equations to describe complete transport in the membrane with H+ and K+ are presented, and the model is used with particular boundary conditions to describe the behavior of a membrane used in a CO(2)-H(2)O electrolyzer. This provides some insights on macroscopic quantities such as the ohmic drop and water transport that are relevant for cell operation. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Delacourt, C (reprint author), Univ Picardie Jules Verne, Lab React & Chim Solides, F-80039 Amiens, France. EM charles.delacourt@u-picardie.fr; newman@newman.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 11 BP B1210 EP B1217 DI 10.1149/1.2977960 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 352WN UT WOS:000259528200031 ER PT J AU Delacourt, C Ridgway, PL Kerr, JB Newman, J AF Delacourt, Charles Ridgway, Paul L. Kerr, John B. Newman, John TI Design of an electrochemical cell making syngas (CO+H-2) from CO2 and H2O reduction at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METAL-ELECTRODES; AG; ELECTROREDUCTION; HYDROCARBONS; MEDIA; CU AB An electrolysis-cell design for simultaneous electrochemical reduction of CO2 and H2O to make syngas (CO + H-2) at room temperature (25 degrees C) was developed, based on a technology very close to that of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), i.e., based on the use of gas-diffusion electrodes so as to achieve high current densities. While a configuration involving a proton-exchange membrane (Nafion) as electrolyte was shown to be unfavorable for CO2 reduction, a modified configuration based on the insertion of a pH-buffer layer (aqueous KHCO3) between the silver-based cathode catalyst layer and the Nafion membrane allows for a great enhancement of the cathode selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO [ca. 30 mA/cm(2) at a potential of -1.7 to -1.75 V vs SCE (saturated-calomel reference electrode)]. A CO/H-2 ratio of 1/2, suitable for methanol synthesis, is obtained at a potential of ca. -2 V vs SCE and a total current density of ca. 80 mA/cm(2). An issue that has been identified is the change in product selectivity upon long-term electrolysis. Results obtained with two other cell designs are also presented and compared. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Delacourt, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM newman@newman.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 24 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 15 U2 113 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP B42 EP B49 DI 10.1149/1.2801871 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400021 ER PT J AU Deutsch, TG Head, JL Turner, JA AF Deutsch, Todd G. Head, Jeff L. Turner, John A. TI Photoelectrochemical characterization and durability analysis of GaInPN epilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-ENERGY; STABILIZATION; OXIDATION; BAND; GAP AB Epilayer samples of GaInPN with a stoichiometry of Ga(.962)In(.038)P(.976)N(.024) and Ga(.95)In(.05)P(.975)N(.025) were grown by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition and were photoelectrochemically characterized to determine their potential to photoelectrolyze water. The materials had direct transition bandgap energies of similar to 2.0 eV, as determined by photocurrent spectroscopy; however, the measured flatband potentials were several hundred millivolts too negative for unbiased water splitting. Stability was assessed by operating the electrodes as photocathodes for 24 h and qualitatively evaluated by probing the amount of surface etching with a stylus profilometer. Quantitative evaluation was done by measuring the concentration of gallium in the corrosion test electrolyte using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results were compared to similarly treated GaP and GaInP(2) samples for context. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Deutsch, Todd G.; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Head, Jeff L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. RP Deutsch, TG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM John_Turner@nrel.gov OI Deutsch, Todd/0000-0001-6577-1226 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 9 BP B903 EP B907 DI 10.1149/1.2946478 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 331UT UT WOS:000258038800019 ER PT J AU Gatewood, DS Ramaker, DE Sasaki, K Swider-Lyons, KE AF Gatewood, Daniel S. Ramaker, David E. Sasaki, Kotaro Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Support effects on water activation and oxygen reduction over Au-SnOx electrocatalysts observed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CO OXIDATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADSORPTION SITES; SHAPE RESONANCE; GOLD CATALYSTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; TIN-OXIDE; FUEL-CELL; IN-SITU; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS AB Gold nanoparticles supported on hydrous tin oxide (Au-SnOx) and mixed with Vulcan carbon are active electrocatalysts for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to water in acid electrolyte below 0.55 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode. In comparison, gold on Vulcan carbon (Au/VC) is inactive for the ORR in acid and generates mostly peroxide (i.e., two-electron reduction). These results imply that the SnOx support imparts the ORR activity of the Au. We study this metal support interaction by in situ X-ray absorption fine structure and near edge spectroscopy at the Au L-3 and Sn K edges in an electrochemical cell. The results for 10 wt % (2 nm) and 20 wt % (2.7 nm) Au nanoparticles supported on SnOx suggest that a bifunctional mechanism plays the dominant role in the ORR reaction below 0.55 V. O-2 adsorbs and dissociates on the SnOx surface with apparent simultaneous electron transfer from the Au and then is reduced further to water by electron transfer from the Au. Enhanced O[H] adsorption occurs at potentials above 1.2 V on the Au-SnOx catalysts. This O[H] adsorption is enhanced through a ligand mechanism involving the SnOx support but has no apparent effect on the ORR. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Gatewood, Daniel S.; Ramaker, David E.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gatewood, Daniel S.; Ramaker, David E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Sasaki, Kotaro] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gatewood, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gatewood@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP B834 EP B842 DI 10.1149/1.2938725 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600016 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Hickner, M. A. Siegel, N. P. Chen, K. S. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. TI Understanding liquid water distribution and removal phenomena in an operating PEMFC via neutron radiography SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; NONISOTHERMAL MODEL; TRANSPORT; QUANTIFICATION; SATURATION; MEMBRANE; PEFCS AB A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was imaged using neutron radiography under pseudo steady-state operating conditions to determine the total liquid water content of the cell and the liquid water content distribution across the active cell area as a function of cell temperature, current density, and cathode air flow rate. A simple cathode-based model was formulated to rationalize the observed dry inlet regions which were most strongly influenced by temperature and current density. Between temperatures of 40 and 80 degrees C and current densities of 0.5 and 1.5 A cm(-2). the outlet gas temperature was measured to be 1-5 degrees C greater than the cell bulk temperature. This small temperature difference was enough to account for drying of 20-40% of the cell area, depending on the bulk cell temperature. For the cell construction used in this work, the temperature and cathode stoichiometric flow had a marginal effect on the polarization curve performance but had a large effect on the liquid water content and distribution within the cell. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Hickner, M. A.; Siegel, N. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah49@psu.edu NR 20 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP B294 EP B302 DI 10.1149/1.2825298 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 266YB UT WOS:000253472900023 ER PT J AU Kan, CC Kan, HH Van Assche, FM Armstrong, EN Wachsman, ED AF Kan, C. C. Kan, H. H. Van Assche, F. M., IV Armstrong, E. N. Wachsman, E. D. TI Investigating oxygen surface exchange kinetics of La(0.8)Sr(.20)MnO(3-delta) and La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.2)Fe(0.8)O(3-delta) using an isotopic tracer SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; CONDUCTIVITY RELAXATION; LA1-XSRXMN1-YCOYO3+/-DELTA PEROVSKITES; SORPTIVE PROPERTIES; DEFECT STRUCTURE; TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; OXIDATION; COEFFICIENT; REDUCTION AB An in situ method of investigating the kinetics and mechanisms of oxygen surface exchange on (La(0.8)Sr(0.2))(0.98)MnO(3-delta) (LSM) and La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.2)Fe(0.8)O(3-delta) (LSCF) was developed by combining temperature programmed desorption, reaction, and isothermal switching with an isotopic tracer, (18)O(2). The gas exchange behavior is separated into surface- and bulk-originated oxygen and compared to behavior predicted by chemical kinetics. A two-step mechanism is proposed consisting of dissociative adsorption of oxygen onto the surface followed by adsorbed oxygen incorporation into the material; different pO(2) dependences are obtained depending on which step is rate limiting. The rate-limiting step in LSCF is dissociative adsorption, whereas LSM is mostly incorporation limited at 600 degrees C and becomes more dissociative adsorption limited at 800 degrees C. The change in mechanism may be due to a phase transition and/or formation of oxygen vacancies. Overall, LSM is less catalytically active toward oxygen exchange than LSCF, with exchange onset occurring at 350 degrees C in LSM and 200 degrees C in LSCF. Above 700 degrees C, the activation energy for oxygen exchange in LSM and LSCF was found to be 0.90 and 0.10 eV, respectively. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Kan, C. C.; Van Assche, F. M., IV; Armstrong, E. N.; Wachsman, E. D.] Univ Florida, UF DOE, High Temperature Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kan, H. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kan, CC (reprint author), Univ Florida, UF DOE, High Temperature Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ewach@mse.ufl.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC-05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC-05-76RL01830. The authors would like to thank Bryan Blackburn for his temperature control program and Keith Duncan for reviewing our model. NR 40 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP B985 EP B993 DI 10.1149/1.2952542 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500017 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Kim, DS Liu, BJ Guiver, MD Pivovar, BS AF Kim, Yu Seung Kim, Dae Sik Liu, Baijun Guiver, Michael D. Pivovar, Bryan S. TI Copoly(arylene ether nitrile)s - High-performance polymer electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; SULFONIC-ACID GROUPS; NAFION MEMBRANES; NAPHTHALENE; COPOLYMERS; SYSTEMS; WATER AB Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance of sulfonated (arylene ether ether nitrile) (m-SPAEEN) copolymers is reported. Low water absorption of m-SPAEEN copolymers enabled increased proton-exchange concentrations in the hydrated polymer matrix, resulting in more desirable membrane properties for DMFC applications. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) using m-SPAEENs showed improved cell properties which could not be obtained by the MEAs using sulfonated polysulfone or Nafion. The DMFC performance using an optimized m-SPAEEN membrane exceeded those of the other membrane systems. For example, 265 mA/cm(2) was obtained for an MEA using m-SPAEEN, compared to 230 and 195 mA/cm(2) for MEAs using sulfonated polysulfone and Nafion membranes, respectively, at 0.5 V, measured under identical conditions. In the comparative evaluations, membrane thickness was selected to give methanol crossover limiting currents that were similar for each of the polymer electrolyte types. Stable cell performance during extended operation (> 100 h) suggested that interfacial compatibility between m-SPAEEN and Nafion-bonded electrodes was good. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yskim@lanl.gov RI Guiver, Michael/I-3248-2016 OI Guiver, Michael/0000-0003-2619-6809 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP B21 EP B26 DI 10.1149/1.2799583 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400018 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Adzic, RR AF Sasaki, K. Adzic, R. R. TI Monolayer-level Ru- and NbO2-Supported platinum electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ALLOY CATALYSTS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; O-2 REDUCTION; ELECTROOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; METAL; SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We developed electrocatalysts with a monolayer-level Pt content for methanol oxidation by depositing Pt or Pt+M (M = Os, Ir, Rh, Pd) on the surfaces of Ru nanoparticles through the galvanic replacement of Cu adlayers and by chemically reducing Pt ions on a NbO2 oxide surface. Compared with a commercial PtRu/C alloy catalyst, the electrocatalyst with a monolayer of Pt (Pt-ML/Ru/C) showed three times higher Pt mass activity and improved durability for methanol oxidation. The activity originates from the efficient bifunctional mechanism as well as the electronic effect that weakens the Pt-CO bonding facilitated by optimized size of Pt-free and Pt-covered Ru support. Electrocatalysts comprising mixed-metal M+Pt on Ru nanoparticles also had higher activity than the commercial one but did not surpass the Pt-ML/Ru/C electrocatalyst. The properties of the electrocatalysts composed of a monolayer amount of Pt deposited on niobium oxide nanoparticles indicate that NbO2 holds considerable promise as a support for a Pt monolayer for methanol oxidation. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Sasaki, K.; Adzic, R. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sasaki, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ksasaki@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP B180 EP B186 DI 10.1149/1.2816238 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800024 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Weidner, JW Haug, AT Protsailo, LV AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Weidner, John W. Haug, Andrew T. Protsailo, Lesia V. TI Durability of perfluorosulfonic acid and hydrocarbon membranes: Effect of humidity and temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; IONOMER MEMBRANES; GAS-DIFFUSION; DEGRADATION; PEMFC AB The effect of humidity on the chemical stability of two types of membranes [i.e., perfluorosulfonic acid type (PFSA, Nafion 112) and biphenyl sulfone hydrocarbon type, (BPSH-35)] was studied by subjecting the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to open-circuit voltage (OCV) decay and potential cycling tests at elevated temperatures and low inlet-gas relative humidities. The BPSH-35 membranes showed poor chemical stability in ex situ Fenton tests compared to that of Nafion membranes. However, under fuel cell conditions, BPSH-35 MEAs outperformed Nafion 112 MEAs in both the OCV decay and potential cycling tests. For both membranes, (i) at a given temperature, membrane degradation was more pronounced at lower humidities and (ii) at a given relative humidity operation, increasing the cell temperature accelerated membrane degradation. Mechanical stability of these two types of membranes was also studied using relative humidity (RH) cycling. Due to decreased swelling and contraction during wet-up and dry-out cycles, Nafion 112 lasted longer than BPSH-35 membranes in the RH cycling test. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Weidner, John W.] Univ S Carolina, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Haug, Andrew T.; Protsailo, Lesia V.] UTC Power, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM weidner@engr.sc.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010; OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355; Weidner, John/0000-0002-3928-9740 NR 32 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP B119 EP B124 DI 10.1149/1.2806798 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800016 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Weidner, JW Haug, AT Motupally, S Protsailo, LV AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Weidner, John W. Haug, Andrew T. Motupally, Sathya Protsailo, Lesia V. TI Hydrogen peroxide formation rates in a PEMFC anode and cathode - Effect of humidity and temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; FUEL-CELL; ALLOY CATALYSTS; DISK ELECTRODE; O-2 REDUCTION; WATER-UPTAKE; THIN-FILM; MEMBRANES; KINETICS; DIFFUSION AB Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation rates in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anode and cathode were estimated as a function of humidity and temperature by studying the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a rotating ring disk electrode. Fuel cell conditions were replicated by depositing a film of Pt/Vulcan XC-72 catalyst onto the disk and by varying the temperature, dissolved O-2 concentration, and the acidity levels in hydrochloric acid (HClO4). The HClO4 acidity was correlated to ionomer water activity and hence fuel cell humidity. The H2O2 formation rates showed a linear dependence on oxygen concentration and square dependence on water activity. The H2O2 selectivity in ORR was independent of oxygen concentration but increased with the decrease in water activity (i.e., decreased humidity). Potential dependent activation energy for the H2O2 formation reaction was estimated from data obtained at different temperatures. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ S Carolina, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. UTC Power, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM weidner@engr.sc.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010; OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355; Weidner, John/0000-0002-3928-9740 NR 50 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP B50 EP B57 DI 10.1149/1.2801980 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400022 ER PT J AU Stanis, RJ Kuo, MC Turner, JA Herring, AM AF Stanis, Ronald J. Kuo, Mei-Chen Turner, John A. Herring, Andrew M. TI Use of W, Mo, and V substituted heteropolyacids for CO mitigation in PEMFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRIVACANT HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATE DERIVATIVES; TWO-DIMENSIONAL W-183; FUEL-CELLS; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; ELECTROCATALYST MATERIALS; ACTIVATED CARBON; NMR; TOLERANCE; MOLYBDENUM; ADSORPTION AB A selection of eighteen different heteropolyacids (HPAs) were adsorbed onto Pt-on-carbon catalysts and investigated for enhanced proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anode CO tolerance. Structures tested were Keggin, Wells-Dawson, and a "Wells-Dawson sandwich." Compositions were varied by replacing W or Mo addenda atoms with V atoms in the Keggin structures and W addenda atoms with Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cu in the Wells-Dawson or Wells-Dawson sandwich structures. Of those tested, it was found that only Keggin-structured HPAs of composition H3+xPMo12-xVxO40 where V = 0, 2, and 3 had significant activity toward CO oxidation. This performance increased with V content. Using fuel poisoned with 100 ppm CO the addition of H6PMo9V3O40 improved the current obtained at 0.5 V to 525 from 229 mA/cm(2) in fuel cell polarization experiments. Anode polarization experiments showed a performance improvement of about 0.360 V with the addition of this same HPA. These HPAs were behaving as catalysts and were not simply improving the resistance of mass transport of the electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that HPAs exhibit reversible reductions and oxidations in the fuel cell electrode under PEMFC operating conditions. CO tolerance increases were only noticed for HPAs which were reduced and oxidized at low overpotentials. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Stanis, Ronald J.; Kuo, Mei-Chen; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stanis, Ronald J.; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen & Elect Syst & Infrastruct Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stanis, RJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu RI Herring, Andy/E-7088-2010; OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP B155 EP B162 DI 10.1149/1.2815917 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800021 ER PT J AU Tripkovic, D Stevanovic, S Tripkovic, A Kowal, A Jovanovic, VM AF Tripkovic, Dusan Stevanovic, Sanja Tripkovic, Amalija Kowal, Andrzej Jovanovic, Vladislava M. TI Structural effect in electrocatalysis: Formic acid oxidation on Pt electrodeposited on glassy carbon support SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; FOREIGN METAL ADATOMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; NANOPARTICLES; METHANOL; CO; ELECTROOXIDATION; CATALYST AB The structural effect of Pt nanoparticles on formic acid oxidation was studied using Pt electrochemically deposited on glassy carbon as a model system. The morphology of Pt deposited on glassy carbon is defined by agglomerates whose number, size, and distribution depend on Pt loading and support pretreatment as revealed by atomic force microscopy characterization. A scanning tunneling microscopy analysis of the electrodes showed that an increase of Pt loading leads to an increase of Pt particles size and their coalescences. Electrochemical treatment of the support prior to Pt deposition results in a decrease of the particle size on acidic treated support and in their negligible change on alkaline treated support. The coalescences of the particles detected cause the formation of different defects. The most active are the electrodes with the smallest Pt loading, and with the support treated in acid having the lowest defected surface and the highest contribution of high coordinated (111) facets exposed to the reaction. The activity of the electrode decreases as the number of defects grows with increasing of the loading or with alkaline pretreatment of support, i.e., coalescence of the particles. The results obtained suggest that the ratio between the facets and the defect sites rather than particle size determines the rate of the formic acid oxidation. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Tripkovic, Dusan; Stevanovic, Sanja; Tripkovic, Amalija; Jovanovic, Vladislava M.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Electrochem, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Kowal, Andrzej] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. RP Tripkovic, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vlad@tmf.bg.ac.yu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP B281 EP B289 DI 10.1149/1.2830847 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 266YB UT WOS:000253472900021 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Kariuki, N Vaughey, JT Goodpaster, J Kumar, R Myers, DJ AF Wang, Xiaoping Kariuki, Nancy Vaughey, John T. Goodpaster, Jason Kumar, Romesh Myers, Deborah J. TI Bimetallic Pd-Cu oxygen reduction electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; PALLADIUM ALLOY ELECTROCATALYSTS; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; FE-BASED CATALYSTS; MEMBRANE; HYDROGEN; CO; ABSORPTION; DEPOSITION; PLATINUM AB A series of Vulcan carbon-supported Pd-Cu catalysts with various molar ratios of Pd to Cu was prepared by co-impregnation followed by a reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere at three different temperatures. The degree of alloying between the two metals, alloy composition, and particle size and size distribution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for these various compositions was determined using the thin-film rotating disk electrode technique. Our study reveals that the Pd-Cu bimetallic electrocatalysts, with a suitable degree of alloying, offer a greatly enhanced ORR activity compared to the Pd monometallic electrocatalyst. The best electrocatalytic activities were observed for the bimetallic catalysts that showed alloy nanoparticles with a Pd-Cu molar ratio of approximately 1:1. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Wang, Xiaoping; Kariuki, Nancy; Vaughey, John T.; Goodpaster, Jason; Kumar, Romesh; Myers, Deborah J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xiaoping.wang@anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 46 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 63 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP B602 EP B609 DI 10.1149/1.2902342 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100024 ER PT J AU Weber, AZ AF Weber, Adam Z. TI Gas-crossover and membrane-pinhole effects in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REDUCED RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; PERMEATION PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN PERMEATION; OXYGEN PERMEATION; SPE METHOD; PEMFC; MICROELECTRODE; DIFFUSION AB This paper investigates the effects of gas crossover. Specifically, mathematical simulations are conducted to elucidate the fundamental changes in fuel cell operation as permeation of the various gases through the membrane increases. Two cases are explored, with the first one examining uniform increases in the set of gas-permeation coefficients and the second one the existence of regions of high gas crossover (i.e., membrane pinholes). For the first case, operation at 120 degrees C is studied and a maximum limit for the hydrogen permeation coefficient of 1x10(-10) mol/bar cm s for a 25 mu m membrane is determined. For the second case, it is shown that negative current densities and temperature spikes can arise due to mixed-potential and direct-combustion effects where there are large enough pinholes, thereby impacting performance and water and thermal management. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP B521 EP B531 DI 10.1149/1.2898130 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100013 ER PT J AU Kappes, M Kovarik, L Mills, MJ Frankel, GS Miller, MK AF Kappes, M. Kovarik, L. Mills, M. J. Frankel, G. S. Miller, M. K. TI Usefulness of ultrahigh resolution microstructural studies for understanding localized corrosion behavior of Al alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MG-CU ALLOYS; BINARY ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; 1ST BREAKDOWN; MICROSCOPY; INITIATION; AA7075 AB The corrosion behavior of different tempers of two aluminum alloys, AA7050 and an experimental Al-Mg-Cu-Si alloy, was studied in NaCl solution by anodic polarization and scanning electron microscopy and was correlated with differences in the microstructure. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed on samples from the exact sheets used by others to study the microstructure evolution during the early stages of the precipitation sequence by high-resolution characterization tools [i.e., high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT)]. The usefulness of information from these state-of-the-art tools to lead to a better understanding about the effects of nanoscale segregation on localized corrosion of aluminum alloys is discussed. APT was able to provide information about the composition of the solid solution matrix region between the fine-scale hardening particles, which is not possible by any other technique. Some of the changes in corrosion behavior, e.g., the breakdown potentials, with temper could be rationalized based on changes in the matrix composition. The formation of corrosion-susceptible surface layers on as-polished AA7050 depended on the predominant type of hardening particle. The lack of detailed knowledge of the grain boundary region limited the applicability of the microstructural information generated by previous studies for understanding intergranular corrosion. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Kappes, M.; Kovarik, L.; Mills, M. J.; Frankel, G. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kappes, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM frankel.10@osu.edu RI Frankel, Gerald/C-3113-2012; Kovarik, Libor/L-7139-2016 OI Frankel, Gerald/0000-0003-0573-3548; NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP C437 EP C443 DI 10.1149/1.2939212 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600026 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Colletti, LP AF Kolman, David G. Colletti, Lisa P. TI Aqueous Corrosion Behavior of Plutonium Metal and Plutonium-Gallium Alloys Exposed to Aqueous Nitrate and Chloride Solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; KINETICS; PU-1WT-PERCENT-GA; STORAGE AB Previous work in this laboratory examined the polarization behavior of high-purity plutonium metal exposed to various solutions; however, the polarization behavior of plutonium-gallium alloys has not been studied. The objective of this work is to establish the effect of gallium on the electrochemical behavior of plutonium metal exposed to nitric acid, sodium nitrate, and sodium chloride solutions. Results indicated that plutonium-gallium alloys were not passive in HNO(3) solutions, unlike unalloyed plutonium. The dissolution of 0.5 and 1 wt % Ga alloys exposed to HNO(3), and all materials exposed to NaCl, was found to be controlled by the presence of a corrosion product film. Relative oxide thickness measurements of unalloyed Pu exposed to HNO(3) were obtained. Chloride was found to aggressively attack Pu and its alloys with increasing chloride concentration resulting in increased corrosion. Nitrate ions were shown to have a weak effect on the corrosion behavior of Pu, as compared to protons and chloride ions. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2976352] All rights reserved. C1 [Kolman, David G.; Colletti, Lisa P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plutonium Mfg & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plutonium Mfg & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kolman@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP C565 EP C570 DI 10.1149/1.2976352 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700036 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Vasquez, G AF Lillard, R. S. Vasquez, G. TI The inhibition of pitting corrosion in stainless steel 304 L during proton irradiation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXED RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; PASSIVE FILMS; GAMMA-RADIATION; UV-LIGHT; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; CHLORIDE; ALLOYS; IRON; ILLUMINATION AB 0.1 M sodium chloride, proton irradiation resulted in a 220 mV increase in the pitting potential of stainless steel 304 L (0.425 vs 0.644 V saturated calomel electrode). In addition, the passive region of the polarization curve during irradiation was associated with a drop in metastable pitting activity by a factor of 100. Mott-Schottky experiments in pH 1.6 H2SO4 found that irradiation was associated with an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration (V-O = 2.94 x 10(21) vs 3.41 x 10(21) cm(-3)). However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments found that the Warburg coefficient (sigma) increased during irradiation (47 k Omega cm(2)/s(0.5) vs 118 k Omega cm(2)/s(0.5)). An increase in film impedance was also observed. Given that sigma is inversely proportional to VO, one would expect that an increase in VO would result in a decrease in sigma. This apparent dichotomy, an increase in oxygen vacancies in the space charge region at the film/solution interface and a corresponding increase in sigma, can be explained if the film is composed of inner Cr-rich p-type and outer Fe-rich n-type semiconducting layers. It is proposed that changes in the inner Cr-rich layer of the oxide are responsible for the observed increase in pitting potential during irradiation. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Lillard, R. S.; Vasquez, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lillard@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 4 BP C162 EP C168 DI 10.1149/1.2840462 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 271AQ UT WOS:000253761700032 ER PT J AU Taylor, CD Neurock, M Scully, JR AF Taylor, Christopher D. Neurock, Matthew Scully, John R. TI First-principles investigation of the fundamental corrosion properties of a model Cu(38) nanoparticle and the (111), (113) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION TRANSFER-REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COPPER; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; INTERFACE; ALUMINUM; SOLIDS; METALS; ENERGY; ATOMS AB Selected thermodynamic properties of a model Cu(38) nanoparticle were calculated using density-functional theory to deduce the corrosion properties of metal nanoparticles. More specifically, the metal atom surface cohesive energies of Cu(38) nanoparticles in ideal and nonideal configurations were calculated and compared to the metal atom surface cohesive energies of perfect lattice flat (111) terraces and corrugated (113) terraces of "bulk" copper. The overall equilibrium reaction energies for the dissociation of water, hydrogen, oxygen, and hydroxyl on both nanoparticle and ideal low-index surfaces were calculated in order to understand and establish their potential reactivity. These results demonstrate that nanoparticles are: (i) more prone to metal atom ejection than their macroscopic counterparts, and (ii) more reactive toward water and oxygen. The implications of these results toward corrosion and the ability to support cathodic electron-transfer reactions are discussed. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Taylor, Christopher D.; Neurock, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Scully, John R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cdtaylor@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP C407 EP C414 DI 10.1149/1.2926598 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600023 ER PT J AU Vasquez, G Kolman, DG AF Vasquez, Gus Kolman, David G. TI Aqueous Corrosion Behavior of Ce Alloys and an Assessment of Their Adequacy as Surrogates for Pu Alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CREVICE CORROSION; CERIUM; OXIDATION; STABILITY; ALUMINUM; GALLIUM; SYSTEMS; METALS AB The corrosion behavior of Ce metal and a Ce-1 wt % Ga alloy in aqueous deaerated solutions has been investigated through potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance experiments. The solutions consist of 1-1000 mM concentrations of HCl, NaCl, H2SO4, Na2SO4, HNO3, and NaNO3. It was found that the addition of Ga is generally detrimental to the corrosion resistance of Ce, resulting in the loss of passivity and a decrease in polarization resistance. Ce metal was found to be susceptible to pitting in chloride environments. Increasing acidity was found to promote the passivity of Ce in chloride and sulfate solutions. The opposite was true in nitrate solutions. Dissolution of the Ce-Ga alloy was ohmically limited in certain solutions. The ohmic limitation was not attributable to the solution resistance. Although the addition of Ga was found to be detrimental to the corrosion resistance of Ce and Pu, Ce and Ce-Ga were found to be poor electrochemical surrogates for Pu and Pu-Ga. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2976354] All rights reserved. C1 [Vasquez, Gus] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kolman, David G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plutonium Mfg & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vasquez, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kolman@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP C571 EP C577 DI 10.1149/1.2976354 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700037 ER PT J AU Koura, N Nagase, H Sato, A Kumakura, S Takeuchi, K Ui, K Tsuda, T Loong, CK AF Koura, Nobuyuki Nagase, Hiroshi Sato, Atsushi Kumakura, Shintaro Takeuchi, Ken Ui, Koichi Tsuda, Tetsuya Loong, Chun K. TI Electroless plating of aluminum from a room-temperature ionic liquid electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE MELTS AB Because aluminum is a less-noble metal which has the standard electrode potential of -1.676 V vs normal hydrogen electrode, it is impossible to obtain the electrodeposition of aluminum from an aqueous solution. No one has reported an electroless plating method of aluminum. We succeeded in demonstrating the electroless plating of aluminum from a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). It was found from measurements of inductively coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy that dense, smooth, and pure aluminum plating was obtained from the RTIL by the electroless plating method. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of the electroless plating of aluminum from the RTIL electrolyte was electrochemically analyzed. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Koura, Nobuyuki; Nagase, Hiroshi; Sato, Atsushi; Kumakura, Shintaro; Ui, Koichi; Tsuda, Tetsuya] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Takeuchi, Ken] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Ind Sci & Technol, Oshamambe, Hokkaido 0493514, Japan. [Loong, Chun K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koura, N (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Chiba 2788510, Japan. EM ken@rs.kagu.tus.ac.jp RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP D155 EP D157 DI 10.1149/1.2817880 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245AN UT WOS:000251906800045 ER PT J AU Tian, H Corcoran, SG Reece, CE Kelley, MJ AF Tian, Hui Corcoran, Sean G. Reece, Charles E. Kelley, Michael J. TI The mechanism of electropolishing of niobium in hydrofluoric-sulfuric acid electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALT FILMS; IMPEDANCE; SURFACES; COPPER; IRON AB Niobium surfaces are commonly electropolished in an effort to obtain optimal smoothness for high-field superconducting radio-frequency cavity applications. We report the use of controlled electrochemical analysis techniques to characterize electropolishing of Nb in a sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid electrolyte. Through the use of a reference electrode, we are able to clearly distinguish the anode and cathode polarization potentials as well as the electrolyte voltage drop, which together sum to the applied power supply voltage. We then identify the temperature and HF concentration dependence of each potential. We also report the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on this system. EIS results are consistent with the compact salt film mechanism for niobium electropolishing (EP) in this electrolyte and are not consistent with either the porous salt film or the absorbate-acceptor mechanism. Microscopic understanding of the basic Nb EP mechanism is expected to provide an appropriate foundation with which to optimize the preparation of high-field niobium cavity surfaces. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Tian, Hui; Kelley, Michael J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Tian, Hui; Reece, Charles E.; Kelley, Michael J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Corcoran, Sean G.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tian, H (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM mkelley@jlab.org OI Reece, Charles/0000-0003-1939-8699 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 9 BP D563 EP D568 DI 10.1149/1.2945913 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 331UT UT WOS:000258038800034 ER PT J AU Stewart, SG Newman, J AF Stewart, Sarah G. Newman, John TI The use of UV/vis absorption to measure diffusion coefficients in LiPF6 electrolytic solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION BATTERY ELECTROLYTES; DECOMPOSITION; REACTIVITY AB This work describes the measurement of the diffusion coefficient in lithium-battery electrolytic solutions. We have adapted the method of restricted diffusion to measure diffusion coefficients of LiPF6 in various solvents using ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) absorption. The use of UV/vis absorption provides a simple alternative to more arduous experiments and reduces the potential for experimental error due to side reactions. The diffusion coefficient was seen to decrease with concentration according to the following: D = 3.018 X 10(-5) exp(-0.357c) for LiPF6 in acetonitrile and D = 2.582 X 10(-5) exp(- 2.856c) for LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (with D in cm(2)/s and c in mol/L). This technique may be useful for any liquid solution with a UV-active species of D greater than 10(-6) cm(2)/s. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stewart, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stewarts@berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 12 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP F13 EP F16 DI 10.1149/1.2801378 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400056 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Deutsch, T Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Deutsch, Todd Turner, John A. TI Direct water splitting under visible light with nanostructured hematite and WO3 photoanodes and a GaInP2 photocathode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN AB A p-GaInP2 photocathode was paired with nanostructured hematite and tungsten trioxide photoanodes to investigate the utility of these systems for direct water splitting under visible light illumination. For the hematite system, under illumination at open-circuit conditions, the potential of hematite shifts cathodically and that of the GaInP2 shifts anodically. Under short-circuit condition and visible light illumination, the combination of the two photoelectrodes can split water, though with a very low rate of a few mu A/cm(2) even at an intensity of 1 W/cm(2). It was determined that the very low photocurrent from the hematite nanorod photoelectrode limits the short-circuit current of the two-photoelectrode combination. Similar potential shifts were observed with the nanostructured WO3/GaInP2 combination. However, at light intensities below 0.2 W/cm(2), the short-circuited combination would not split water due to an insufficient potential difference. Above 0.2 W/cm(2), the combination can split water under visible light, with similar to 20 mu A/cm(2) obtained at 1 W/cm(2). A linear photocurrent-light intensity relationship was observed and was attributed to efficient charge transfer and a low recombination of the charge carriers. The bandgap and the associated absorption limit of WO3 remain a challenge for a higher efficiency system. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Wang, Heli; Deutsch, Todd; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Heli_Wang@nrel.gov OI Deutsch, Todd/0000-0001-6577-1226 NR 32 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 93 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 5 BP F91 EP F96 DI 10.1149/1.2888477 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 285MA UT WOS:000254779700052 ER PT J AU Gu, D Tapily, K Shrestha, P Zhu, MY Celler, G Baumgart, H AF Gu, D. Tapily, K. Shrestha, P. Zhu, M. Y. Celler, G. Baumgart, H. TI Experimental study of ALD HfO(2) deposited on strained silicon-on-insulator and standard SOI SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID KAPPA GATE DIELECTRICS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SI SUBSTRATE; FILMS; THICKNESS; INTERFACE; OXIDE AB HfO(2) films of 4 nm were deposited by atomic layer deposition on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates with various amounts of intentionally introduced lattice strain and several film thicknesses. After postdeposition annealing (PDA), the samples were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-deposited HfO(2) film showed a good stoichiometry and thickness uniformity. The strain in strained SOI (sSOI) layers remained after high-temperature PDA at 1100 degrees C. HRTEM images showed that, while HfO(2) films on standard nonstrained SOI became polycrystalline after PDA at 600 degrees C, HfO(2) films on sSOI remained amorphous. The strain in the sSOI layer also suppressed the interlayer (IL) growth during PDA. The EELS and XPS results confirmed the interdiffusion across the HfO(2)/Si interface. The XPS data also showed that the formation of Hf-O-Si bonds depends on the SOI lattice strain and thickness. The SOI thickness is critical to reduce the formation of silicate in the IL. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Gu, D.; Tapily, K.; Shrestha, P.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gu, D.; Tapily, K.; Shrestha, P.; Baumgart, H.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Appl Res Ctr ODU, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Zhu, M. Y.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Celler, G.] SOITEC, Bernin, France. RP Gu, D (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM hbaumgar@odu.edu RI Gu, Diefeng/F-4515-2010; Celler, George/G-3346-2014 OI Celler, George/0000-0001-7871-0684 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP G129 EP G133 DI 10.1149/1.2898696 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100047 ER PT J AU Oshima, Y Sun, Y Kuzum, D Sugawara, T Saraswat, KC Pianetta, P McIntyrea, PC AF Oshima, Yasuhiro Sun, Yun Kuzum, Duygu Sugawara, Takuya Saraswat, Krishna C. Pianetta, Piero McIntyrea, Paul C. TI Chemical Bonding, Interfaces, and Defects in Hafnium Oxide/Germanium Oxynitride Gate Stacks on Ge(100) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATE DENSITY; GERMANIUM; OXIDATION; NITRIDATION; GE; SURFACES AB Correlations among interface properties and chemical bonding characteristics in HfO(2)/GeO(x)N(y)/Ge metal-insulator-semiconductor stacks were investigated using in situ remote nitridation of the Ge(100) surface prior to HfO(2) atomic layer deposition. Ultrathin (similar to 1.1 nm), thermally stable, and aqueous etch-resistant GeO(x)N(y) interface layers that exhibited Ge core-level photoelectron spectra similar to stoichiometric Ge(3)N(4) were synthesized. To evaluate GeO(x)N(y)/Ge interface defects, the density of interface states (D(it)) was extracted by the conductance method across the bandgap. Forming gas annealed (FGA) samples exhibited substantially lower D(it) (similar to 1x10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1)) than did high-vacuum-annealed and inert gas anneal samples (similar to 1x10(13) cm(-2) eV(-1)). Germanium core-level photoelectron spectra from similar FGA-treated samples detected out-diffusion of germanium oxide to the HfO(2) film surface and apparent modification of chemical bonding at the GeO(x)N(y)/Ge interface which is related to the reduced D(it). (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2995832] All rights reserved. C1 [Oshima, Yasuhiro; McIntyrea, Paul C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuzum, Duygu; Saraswat, Krishna C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sun, Yun; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Oshima, Yasuhiro; Sugawara, Takuya] Tokyo Electron US Holding Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Oshima, Y (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM yasuhiro.oshima@us.tel.com FU Stanford Initiative of Nanoscale Materials and Processes; MSD Focus Center Research Program FX This work was supported by the Stanford Initiative of Nanoscale Materials and Processes and the MSD Focus Center Research Program. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. The authors also acknowledge Advanced Energy Industries, Inc., for the remote plasma source, and Praxair, Inc., for the hafnium precursor. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP G304 EP G309 DI 10.1149/1.2995832 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700067 ER PT J AU Horn, G Chu, YS Zhong, YC Mackin, TJ Lesniak, JR Reiniger, D AF Horn, Gavin Chu, Yong S. Zhong, Yuncheng Mackin, Thomas J. Lesniak, Jon R. Reiniger, Daniel TI Detection and quantification of surface nanotopography-induced residual stress fields in wafer-bonded silicon SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY; ROUGHNESS; MECHANICS; DEVICES AB Semiconductor wafer bonding has been identified as an enabling technology for a wide variety of semiconductor device processing applications such as wafer level encapsulation, three-dimensional structures and interconnects, and silicon-on-insulator substrates. In many of these applications accurate measurement and control of local residual stresses is critical for acceptable device yields and quality control. In this paper, synchrotron X-ray topography (XRT) and the infrared gray field polariscope (IR-GFP) are employed as full-field tools for the detection and measurement of residual stresses in wafer-bonded silicon. Both tools are used to inspect samples with varying levels of residual stresses from both wafer nanotopography and patterned interfacial features, resulting in excellent qualitative correlation between the tools. While the XRT offers higher spatial resolution and greater sensitivity to strain, the IR-GFP provides dramatically faster imaging rates, simple operating procedures, and instrument affordability. Based on these comparisons, the two techniques were shown to be complimentary tools for semiconductor processing control, the XRT being ideally suited as a laboratory research and development tool, while the IR-GFP is applicable for rapid process or quality control. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mech Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Stress Photon Inc, Madison, WI 53716 USA. RP Horn, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghorn@uiuc.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP H36 EP H42 DI 10.1149/1.2799880 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400065 ER PT J AU Tapily, K Jakes, JE Stone, DS Shrestha, P Gu, D Baumgart, H Elmustafa, AA AF Tapily, K. Jakes, J. E. Stone, D. S. Shrestha, P. Gu, D. Baumgart, H. Elmustafa, A. A. TI Nanoindentation investigation of HfO(2) and Al(2)O(3) films grown by atomic layer deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; GATE DIELECTRICS; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; MOCVD; ALD; HAFNIUM AB The challenges of reducing gate leakage current and dielectric breakdown beyond the 45 nm technology node have shifted engineers' attention from the traditional and proven dielectric SiO(2) to materials of higher dielectric constant also known as high-k materials such as hafnium oxide (HfO(2)) and aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)). These high-k materials are projected to replace silicon oxide (SiO(2)). In order to address the complex process integration and reliability issues, it is important to investigate the mechanical properties of these dielectric materials in addition to their electrical properties. In this study, HfO(2) and Al(2)O(3) have been fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on (100) p-type Si wafers. Using nanoindentation and the continuous stiffness method, we report the elastomechanical properties of HfO(2) and Al(2)O(3) on Si. ALD HfO(2) thin films were measured to have a hardness of 9.5 +/- 2 GPa and a modulus of 220 +/- 40 GPa, whereas the ALD Al(2)O(3) thin films have a hardness of 10.5 +/- 2 GPa and a modulus of 220 +/- 40 GPa. The two materials are also distinguished by very different interface properties. HfO(2) forms a hafnium silicate interlayer, which influences its nanoindentation properties close to the interface with the Si substrate, while Al(2)O(3) does not exhibit any interlayer. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Tapily, K.; Shrestha, P.; Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Tapily, K.; Shrestha, P.; Gu, D.; Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Jakes, J. E.; Stone, D. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jakes, J. E.; Stone, D. S.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Tapily, K (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM dgu@odu.edu RI Gu, Diefeng/F-4515-2010; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 7 BP H545 EP H551 DI 10.1149/1.2919106 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 305SU UT WOS:000256198900068 ER PT J AU van Assche, FM Nino, JC Wachsman, ED AF Van Assche, F. Martin Nino, Juan C. Wachsman, Eric D. TI Infrared and X-ray photoemission Spectroscopy of adsorbates on La(2)CuO(4) to determine potentiometric NO(x) sensor response mechanism SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; SENSING PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ADSORPTION; XPS; SURFACE; COPPER; REDUCTION; CATALYST; DECOMPOSITION AB Tightening standards for gas-phase environmental pollution necessitate further improvements on the potentiometric NO(x) sensor. A key component in these improvements involves an analysis of the surface species formed by NO(x) exposure. Possible NO(x) adsorption mechanisms on p-type semiconducting La(2)CuO(4) were explored by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy was used to identify charged and uncharged complex formation on the surface of La(2)CuO(4) powder following NO and NO(2) adsorption in the presence of oxygen. Subtraction spectra calculated by comparison of adsorbed and unadsorbed KBr/La(2)CuO(4) samples revealed the presence of nitrate and nitrite species as the major product for both adsorptions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examined the difference in bonding between the NO and NO(2) adsorption by examination of the O 1s electron orbital. NO was observed to induce oxygen vacancies and reduce the charge carriers in the material by electron injection. NO(2) adsorption resulted in the creation of electron holes, which increased charge carrier concentration. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Van Assche, F. Martin; Nino, Juan C.; Wachsman, Eric D.] Univ Florida, DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP van Assche, FM (reprint author), Univ Florida, DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ewach@mse.ufl.edu RI Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 7 BP J198 EP J204 DI 10.1149/1.2912741 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 305SU UT WOS:000256198900073 ER PT J AU Woo, LY Martin, LP Glass, RS Wang, WS Jung, S Gorte, RJ Murray, EP Novak, RF Visser, JH AF Woo, Leta Y. Martin, L. Peter Glass, Robert S. Wang, Wensheng Jung, Sukwon Gorte, Raymond J. Murray, Erica P. Novak, Robert F. Visser, Jaco H. TI Effect of electrode composition and microstructure on impedancemetric nitric oxide sensors based on YSZ electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NOX SENSING ELEMENTS; EXHAUST-GAS SENSORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FUEL-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL LIMITATIONS; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; POLARIZATION PHENOMENA; 3-POINT MEASUREMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The role of metal (Au, Pt, and Ag) electrodes in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte-based impedancemetric nitric oxide (NO) sensors is investigated using impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit analysis. Focus on the metal/porous YSZ interface is based on previous studies using a symmetric cell (metal/YSZ(porous)/YSZ(dense)/YSZ(porous)/metal) and attempts to further elucidate the important processes responsible for sensing. The current test cell consists of a rectangular slab of porous YSZ with two metal-wire loop electrodes (metal/YSZ(porous)/metal), both exposed to the same atmosphere. Of the electrode materials, only Au was sensitive to changes in NO concentration. The impedance behavior of porous Au electrodes in a slightly different configuration was compared with dense Au electrodes and was also insensitive to NO. Although the exact mechanism is not determined, the composition and microstructure of the metal electrode seem to alter the rate-limiting step of the interfering O-2 reaction. Impedance behavior of the O-2 reaction that is limited by processes occurring away from the triple-phase boundary may be crucial for impedancemetric NO sensing. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Woo, LY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM woo21@llnl.gov NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP J32 EP J40 DI 10.1149/1.2804766 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400074 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, Shunkichi Ohji, Tatsuki Lin, Hua-Tay TI Corrosion and recession of mullite in water vapor environment SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Mullite 2006 in honor of Hartmut Schneider CY JUN, 2006 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Vienna DE surfaces; corrosion; mullite; structural application ID MOLTEN-SALT CORROSION; SILICON-NITRIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; SODIUM; EBC AB In the development of environmental barrier coating system for silicon nitride ceramic, a corrosion behavior of mullite was examined under static state water vapor environment at elevated temperatures. Results showed that a small amount of sodium, which was present in mullite bulk as an impurity, accelerated the water vapor corrosion of silica component and decomposition of mullite into alumina phase. To improve the selective corrosion of the boundary phase in silicate compounds, a mullite/Lu2Si2O7 eutectic system without boundary glassy phase was developed. The eutectic composition was Al2O3:SiO2:Lu2O3 = 27.3:54.6:18.1 in molar ratio and the eutectic temperature was estimated to be similar to 1500-1520 degrees C. No weight loss was measured after the static state water vapor corrosion test at 1300 degrees C for 100 h. However, the recession of mullite phase in the eutectic oxide occurred after exposure to high speed steam jet environment at 1200 degrees C. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.03.006 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 238ZY UT WOS:000251488400013 ER PT J AU Kueck, AA De Jonghe, LC AF Kueck, Aaron A. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Two-stage sintering inhibits abnormal grain growth during beta to alpha transformation in SiC SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE grain growth; sintering; SiC; microstructure-final; transformation ID SILICON-CARBIDE CERAMICS; INTERGRANULAR PHASE CHEMISTRY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; ATMOSPHERE; ADDITIONS; BETA->ALPHA-TRANSFORMATION; EVOLUTION AB Free sintering of SiC with Al, B, and C additions in two successive stages, first under nitrogen and then under argon, produced a near full-density ceramic with equiaxed grain structure. The beta to alpha transformation proceeded to completion; however, the grain shape remained equiaxed due to the action of nitrogen present during the first stage of sintering. It is found that the beta to alpha transformation is necessary but not sufficient for producing the microstructure of interlocking plates found in high-toughness SiC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kueck, Aaron A.; De Jonghe, Lutgard C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kueck, Aaron A.; De Jonghe, Lutgard C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Jonghe, LC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LCDejonghe@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2259 EP 2264 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.01.026 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 322BI UT WOS:000257349800018 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Kim, MJ Standaert, R Kim, S Owens, E Yan, J Choa, YH Doktycz, M Lee, JS AF Lee, Chang-Woo Kim, Min-Jung Standaert, R. Kim, Seyeon Owens, E. Yan, Jun Choa, Yong-Ho Doktycz, M. Lee, Jai-Sung TI Application of nanoparticles for materials recognition using peptide phage display technique - Part I: Preliminary study using LaPO4 and TiO2 nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN INSTITUTE OF METALS AND MATERIALS LA Korean DT Article DE peptide phage display; bio-panning; materials recognition; LaPO4 nanoparticles; TiO2 nanoparticles ID ALLOYS AB Peptides with specific sequences against LaPO4 and TiO2 nanoparticles were discovered through peptide phage display technique as an application to biomolecular recognition of inorganic materials. Sequencing results showed that a motif consisting of serine and proline was commonly expressed in specific sequences. It was postulated that serine directly bound to nanoparticles using its terminal hydroxyl (OH) group. In this sense, oxygen atom seemed to work as a ligand to metal ions and hydrogen atom as a H-bond donor, was thought to bind to the oxygen atoms or the hydroxyl groups on particle surface. Also, it was expected that proline assists serine to make an ideal van der Waals contact between serine and nanoparticles, which optimizes the binding of peptide onto surface. C1 [Lee, Chang-Woo; Kim, Min-Jung; Choa, Yong-Ho; Lee, Jai-Sung] Hanyang Univ, Div Mat & Chem Engn, Ansan 426791, South Korea. [Lee, Chang-Woo; Standaert, R.; Kim, Seyeon; Owens, E.; Yan, Jun; Doktycz, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp BNSG, Bio Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Div Mat & Chem Engn, Ansan 426791, South Korea. EM jslee@hanyang.ac.kr RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Choa, Yongho/D-3625-2011; Standaert, Robert/D-9467-2013 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Standaert, Robert/0000-0002-5684-1322 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-8228 J9 J KOREAN INST MET MA JI J. Korean Inst. Met. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 291IS UT WOS:000255190800002 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, J. J. Ritchie, R. O. TI Fatigue of mineralized tissues: Cortical bone and dentin SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE Bone; Dentin; Fatigue; Mineralized tissues; Fracture; Life prediction ID IN-VITRO FATIGUE; CRACKED-TOOTH SYNDROME; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; MICROCRACK GROWTH; LONGITUDINAL FRACTURE; TUBULE ORIENTATION; LONG BONES; MICRODAMAGE AB Gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanical properties of mineralized tissues, such as dentin and cortical bone, is important from the perspective of developing a framework for predicting and preventing failure of teeth and whole bones, particularly with regard to understanding the effects of microstructural modifications from factors such as aging, disease, or medical treatments. Accordingly, considerable research efforts have been made to determine the specific mechanisms involved in the fatigue and fracture of mineralized tissues, and to discover how these mechanisms relate to features within the respective microstructures. This article seeks to review the progress that has been made specifically in the area of fatigue, focusing on the research that moves our understanding beyond simple fatigue life (SIN) concepts and instead addresses the separate mechanisms for microdamage initiation, crack propagation, and in the case of bone, repair and remodeling. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kruzic, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruzic, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jamie.kruzic@oregonstate.edu RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX R.O.R. acknowledges support from the Director, office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 100 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.04.002 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 357TZ UT WOS:000259870800002 PM 19627767 ER PT J AU Hong, W Suo, ZG Zhang, ZY AF Hong, Wei Suo, Zhigang Zhang, Zhenyu TI Dynamics of terraces on a silicon surface due to the combined action of strain and electric current SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE vicinal Si (001) surface; electromigration; surface stress; instability ID CRYSTAL-SURFACES; MBE GROWTH; VICINAL SURFACES; SI(001) SURFACE; HEATING CURRENT; BILAYER STEPS; ELECTROMIGRATION; DIFFUSION; SI; STRESS AB A (0 0 1) surface of silicon consists of terraces of two variants, which have an identical atomic structure, except for a 90 degrees rotation. We formulate a model to evolve the terraces under the combined action of electric current and applied strain. The electric current motivates adatoms to diffuse by a wind force, while the applied strain motivates adatoms to diffuse by changing the concentration of adatoms in equilibrium with each step. To promote one variant of terraces over the other, the wind force acts on the anisotropy in diffusivity, and the applied strain acts on the anisotropy in surface stress. Our model reproduces experimental observations of stationary states, in which the relative width of the two variants becomes independent of time. Our model also predicts a new instability, in which a small change in experimental variables (e.g., the applied strain and the electric current) may cause a large change in the relative width of the two variants. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hong, Wei; Suo, Zhigang] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Suo, ZG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM suo@deas.harvard.edu RI Hong, Wei/B-1537-2008; Suo, Zhigang/B-1067-2008 OI Hong, Wei/0000-0001-6598-3456; Suo, Zhigang/0000-0002-4068-4844 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2007.03.015 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 262WH UT WOS:000253178200018 ER PT J AU Cressie, N Johannesson, G AF Cressie, Noel Johannesson, Gardar TI Fixed rank kriging for very large spatial data sets SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE best linear unbiased predictor; covariance function; Frobenius norm; geostatistics; mean-squared prediction error; non-stationarity; remote sensing; spatial prediction; total column ozone ID CONTINUOUS GLOBAL SURFACES; PREDICTION; MODELS; INTERPOLATION; SATELLITE AB Spatial statistics for very large spatial data sets is challenging. The size of the data set, n, causes problems in computing optimal spatial predictors such as kriging, since its computational cost is of order n(3). In addition, a large data set is often defined on a large spatial domain, so the spatial process of interest typically exhibits non-stationary behaviour over that domain. A flexible family of non-stationary covariance functions is defined by using a set of basis functions that is fixed in number, which leads to a spatial prediction method that we call fixed rank kriging. Specifically, fixed rank kriging is kriging within this class of non-stationary covariance functions. It relies on computational simplifications when n is very large, for obtaining the spatial best linear unbiased predictor and its mean-squared prediction error for a hidden spatial process. A method based on minimizing a weighted Frobenius norm yields best estimators of the covariance function parameters, which are then substituted into the fixed rank kriging equations. The new methodology is applied to a very large data set of total column ozone data, observed over the entire globe, where n is of the order of hundreds of thousands. C1 [Cressie, Noel] Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, Gardar] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cressie, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, 1958 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ncressie@stat.osu.edu RI Cressie, Noel/B-8858-2009 OI Cressie, Noel/0000-0002-0274-8050 NR 40 TC 234 Z9 237 U1 1 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7412 J9 J ROY STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2008 VL 70 BP 209 EP 226 PN 1 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 248AA UT WOS:000252122500012 ER PT J AU Amar, AJ Blackwell, BF Edwards, JR AF Amar, A. J. Blackwell, B. F. Edwards, J. R. TI One-dimensional ablation using a full Newton's method and finite control volume procedure SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 9th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA, ASME AB The development and verification of a one-dimensional constant density material thermal response code with ablation is presented. The implicit time integrator, control volume finite element spatial discretization, and Newton's method (with an analytical Jacobian) for the entire system of residual equations have been implemented and verified for variable material properties, Q* ablation, and thermochemical ablation problems. Timing studies were performed, and when accuracy is considered, the method developed in this study exhibits significant time savings over the property lagging approach. In addition, maximizing the Newton solver's convergence rate by including sensitivities to the surface recession rate reduces the overall computational time when compared to excluding recession rate sensitivities. C1 [Amar, A. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Blackwell, B. F.] Blackwell Consulting, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. [Blackwell, B. F.; Edwards, J. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Amar, A. J.; Blackwell, B. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Amar, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Appl Aerosci & CFD Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.2514/1.29610 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 256VA UT WOS:000252756800007 ER PT J AU Nong, A Teeguarden, JG Clewell, HJ Dorman, DC Andersen, ME AF Nong, Andy Teeguarden, Justin G. Clewell, Harvey J., III Dorman, David C. Andersen, Melvin E. TI Pharmacokinetic modeling of manganese in the rat IV: Assessing factors that contribute to brain accumulation during inhalation exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID INHALED MANGANESE; 14-DAY EXPOSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CD RATS; BARRIER; TRANSPORT; SULFATE; TRANSFERRIN; PHOSPHATE; NEUROTOXICITY AB A recently published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model successfully accounted for steady-state tissue manganese (Mn) concentration seen with normal dietary intakes and for biphasic, whole-body time-course profiles observed with tracer (54Mn) dosing. In this present study, PBPK modeling was used to evaluate Mn kinetics and brain concentrations in rats exposed to Mn both in their diet and by inhalation. Three published studies were used: (1) rats fed on diets ranging from 2 to 100 ppm, (2) rats on 125 ppm in diet and exposed via inhalation at 0.0 to 3.00 mg Mn/m(3) each day for 14 d, and (3) rats to 0.1 or 0.5 mg Mn/m(3) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk over a 90-d period. The original model structure with well-mixed and "deep" compartments for each tissue could not describe rapid increases in tissue concentrations and rapid declines seen in high concentration inhalation studies. A second structure was developed that included (1) saturable, high-affinity binding of Mn in all tissues and (2) asymmetric diffusion from blood into brain (i.e., transport into and out of specific brain regions such as the striatum was described with different diffusion constants). This second model was consistent with liver and striatum experimental data. Preferential increases in some brain regions were predicted for exposures above 0.2 mg/m(3) and had a rapid (i.e., 1 or 2 wk) return to steady-state levels. Multi-dose-route PBPK models for Mn based on this alternative model structure can be readily scaled to evaluate tissue Mn kinetics in other species and for human populations. Once validated across test animals, these PBPK models will be useful in tissue-dose based risk assessment with manganese. C1 [Nong, Andy; Clewell, Harvey J., III; Dorman, David C.; Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nong, A (reprint author), Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Div Computat Biol Div, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM anong@thehamner.org OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391; Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 7 BP 413 EP 426 DI 10.1080/15287390701838697 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 269IV UT WOS:000253643600001 PM 18306088 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Chipera, SJ Day, GA Sabey, P Dickerson, RM Sbarra, DC Duling, MG Lawrence, RB Stanton, ML Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Chipera, Steve J. Day, Gregory A. Sabey, Phil Dickerson, Robert M. Sbarra, Deborah C. Duling, Mathew G. Lawrence, Robert B. Stanton, Marcia L. Scripsick, Ronald C. TI Physicochemical characteristics of aerosol particles generated during the milling of beryllium silicate ores: Implications for risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; METAL; PLANT; OXIDE; HYDROXIDE; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; ALLOY AB Inhalation of beryllium dusts generated during milling of ores and cutting of beryl-containing gemstones is associated with development of beryllium sensitization and low prevalence of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Inhalation of beryllium aerosols generated during primary beryllium production and machining of the metal, alloys, and ceramics are associated with sensitization and high rates of CBD, despite similar airborne beryllium mass concentrations among these industries. Understanding the physicochemical properties of exposure aerosols may help to understand the differential immunopathologic mechanisms of sensitization and CBD and lead to more biologically relevant exposure standards. Properties of aerosols generated during the industrial milling of bertrandite and beryl ores were evaluated. Airborne beryllium mass concentrations among work areas ranged from 0.001 mu/m(3) (beryl ore grinding) to 2.1 mu/m(3) (beryl ore crushing). Respirable mass fractions of airborne beryllium-containing particles were < 20% in low-energy input operation areas (ore crushing, hydroxide product drumming) and > 80% in high-energy input areas (beryl melting, beryl grinding). Particle specific surface area decreased with processing from feedstock ores to drumming final product beryllium hydroxide. Among work areas, beryllium was identified in three crystalline forms: beryl, poorly crystalline beryllium oxide, and beryllium hydroxide. In comparison to aerosols generated by high-CBD risk primary production processes, aerosol particles encountered during milling had similar mass concentrations, generally lower number concentrations and surface area, and contained no identifiable highly crystalline beryllium oxide. One possible explanation for the apparent low prevalence of CBD among workers exposed to beryllium mineral dusts may be that characteristics of the exposure material do not contribute to the development of lung burdens sufficient for progression from sensitization to CBD. In comparison to high-CBD risk exposures where the chemical nature of aerosol particles may confer higher bioavailability, respirable ore dusts likely confer considerably less. While finished product beryllium hydroxide particles may confer bioavailability similar to that of high-CBD risk aerosols, physical exposure factors (i.e., large particle sizes) may limit development of alveolar lung burdens. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Day, Gregory A.; Sbarra, Deborah C.; Duling, Mathew G.; Lawrence, Robert B.; Stanton, Marcia L.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Chipera, Steve J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sabey, Phil] Brush Resources, Delta, UT USA. [Dickerson, Robert M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Scripsick, Ronald C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Inst Policy, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AStefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2008 VL 71 IS 22 BP 1468 EP 1481 DI 10.1080/15287390802349883 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 356ET UT WOS:000259762200002 PM 18836922 ER PT J AU Olynick, DL Salmassi, F Liddle, JA Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Baker, SL Robinson, J AF Olynick, D. L. Salmassi, F. Liddle, J. A. Mirkarimi, P. B. Spiller, E. Baker, S. L. Robinson, J. TI Fabrication and performance of nanoscale ultrasmooth programed defects for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID SUBSTRATE PARTICLES; GOLD NANOSPHERES; THIN-FILMS AB The authors have developed processes for producing nanoscale programed substrate defects that have applications in areas such as thin film growth, extreme ultraviolet lithography, and defect inspection. Particle, line, pit, and scratch defects on the substrates between 40 and 140 nm wide, 50-90 nm high have been successfully produced using e-beam lithography and plasma etching in both silicon and hydrogensilsesquioxane films. These programed defect substrates have several advantages over those produced previously using gold nanoparticles or polystyrene latex spheres-most notably, the ability to precisely locate features and produce recessed as well as bump-type features in ultrasmooth films. These programed defects were used to develop techniques for planarization of film defects and results are discussed. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Olynick, D. L.; Salmassi, F.; Liddle, J. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mirkarimi, P. B.; Spiller, E.; Baker, S. L.; Robinson, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Olynick, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlolynick@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1116/1.2817625 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 265YX UT WOS:000253399000007 ER PT J AU Carroll, MS Suh, YS Levy, R AF Carroll, Malcolm S. Suh, Y. S. Levy, R. TI Nonlocal reduced boron diffusivity in silicon below strained Si1-xGex surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEFECTS; SI; PHOSPHORUS; OXIDATION; LAYERS AB The silicon (Si) surface can be the dominant source of self-interstitials for many annealing conditions. Incorporation of germanium (Ge) and strain into the surface may be expected to perturb the equilibrium point defect concentrations at the surface (i.e., the atomic steps at which the point defects are generated and annihilated) and consequently in the bulk Si. In this work, boron (B) diffusion marker layers were epitaxially grown in Si by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition followed by either undoped Si, 45 nm of Si0.75Ge0.25, or 5 nm of Si0.55Ge0.45 leaving a surface with three different Ge contents. The B diffusivity (D-B) below the Si1-xGex surface layers was found to be as much as two times slower than that in the all-Si samples between 800 and 900 degrees C. The activation energy for the D-B in the Si1-xGex capped samples was also observed to increase to similar to 4.1 eV. This work demonstrates that a Si1-xGex surface can reduce the D-B in the underlying Si during N-2 annealing. Furthermore, this novel test structure helps separate the effects of strain and local Ge trapping on D-B in Si1-xGex. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Carroll, Malcolm S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Suh, Y. S.; Levy, R.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Carroll, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mscarro@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1116/1.2817631 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 265YX UT WOS:000253399000019 ER PT J AU Stein, A Evans-Lutterodt, K Bozovic, N Taylor, A AF Stein, Aaron Evans-Lutterodt, Kenneth Bozovic, Natasha Taylor, Ashley TI Fabrication of silicon kinoform lenses for hard x-ray focusing by electron beam lithography and deep reactive ion etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ZONE PLATES AB The focusing of subnanometer wavelength x rays is limited by the ability to fabricate high-quality optics. In general, the resolution is of the order of the smallest feature of the optic, so nanometer spot sizes are extremely difficult to achieve with lenses made by traditional fabrication methods. In addition, gains in resolution for a given lithography limit are often made at a sacrifice of focusing efficiency. Kinoform lenses offer a compromise position of high resolution and efficiency. The object of this work is to describe the fabrication of kinoform lenses and to show how their unique properties could provide a path toward nanometer scale focusing. Fabrication is made easier by using higher order focusing and larger features. By combining 100 keV electron beam lithography and deep reactive ion etching, the authors have fabricated cylindrical kinoform lenses in silicon. These lenses can be used in a crossed pair to produce a two-dimensional focus, but to maintain a large aperture and high resolution this requires etch depths of up to 100 mu m. Such large etch depths require careful consideration of lens design-feature sizes and densities can be changed with some latitude in the kinoform lens pattern without affecting the lens performance. Multiple lenses are fabricated in serial stacks to increase the resolution and provide a path forward to nanometer resolution. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Stein, Aaron] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Evans-Lutterodt, Kenneth; Bozovic, Natasha] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Taylor, Ashley] Alcatel Lucent, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Stein, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM stein@bnl.gov OI Stein, Aaron/0000-0003-4424-5416 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1116/1.2825167 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 265YX UT WOS:000253399000029 ER PT J AU Chen, S Lyon, A Kirz, J Seshadri, S Feng, Y Feser, M Sassolini, S Duewer, F Zeng, XH Huang, C AF Chen, Sharon Lyon, Alan Kirz, Janos Seshadri, Srivatsan Feng, Yan Feser, Michael Sassolini, Simone Duewer, Fred Zeng, Xianghui Huang, Carson TI Absolute zone plate efficiency measurement using laboratory X-ray sources SO JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zone plate; Fresnel zone plate; efficiency; absolute efficiency; laboratory X-ray; filter; X-ray microscopy AB An absolute efficiency measurement technique for Fresnel zone plates using an electron impact micro-focus laboratory X-ray source (L alpha line of Tungsten at 8.4 KeV) is demonstrated. A quasi-monochromatic x-ray image of a zone plate was obtained employing a pair of copper and cobalt filters. Applying the method to a gold zone plate with 70 nm outermost zone width, 160 mu m diameter, and 660 nm zone height, the absolute first order efficiency was measured to be 8.7% +/- 0.6%, which is 73% of the theoretically calculated value. C1 [Chen, Sharon; Lyon, Alan; Kirz, Janos; Seshadri, Srivatsan; Feng, Yan; Feser, Michael; Sassolini, Simone; Duewer, Fred; Zeng, Xianghui; Huang, Carson] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA USA. [Kirz, Janos] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), 4075A Sprig Dr, Concord, CA 94520 USA. EM schen@xradia.com NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-3996 J9 J X-RAY SCI TECHNOL JI J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 235 EP 241 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 402RB UT WOS:000263029700002 ER PT J AU Meagher, RJ Light, YK Singh, AK AF Meagher, Robert J. Light, Yooli K. Singh, Anup K. TI Rapid, continuous purification of proteins in a microfluidic device using genetically-engineered partition tags SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; CELL-CULTURE ARRAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LARGE-SCALE; EXTRACTION; FLOW; MICROFLOWS; PROTEOMICS; GENOMICS; ENZYMES AB High-throughput screening assays of native and recombinant proteins are increasingly crucial in life science research, including fields such as drug screening and enzyme engineering. These assays are typically highly parallel, and require minute amounts of purified protein per assay. To address this need, we have developed a rapid, automated microscale process for isolating specific proteins from sub-microlitre volumes of E. Coli cell lysate. Recombinant proteins are genetically tagged to drive partitioning into the PEG-rich phase of a flowing aqueous two-phase system, which removes similar to 85% of contaminating proteins, as well as unwanted nucleic acids and cell debris, on a simple microfluidic device. Inclusion of the genetic tag roughly triples recovery of the autofluorescent protein AcGFP1, and also significantly improves recovery of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), from nearly zero recovery for the wild-type enzyme, up to 40% with genetic tagging. The extraction process operates continuously, with only a single step from cell lysate to purified protein, and does not require expensive affinity reagents or troublesome chromatographic steps. The two-phase system is mild and does not disrupt protein function, as evidenced by recovery of active enzymes and functional fluorescent protein from our microfluidic process. The microfluidic aqueous two-phase extraction forms the core component of an integrated lab-on-a-chip device comprising cell culture, lysis, purification and analysis on a single device. C1 [Meagher, Robert J.; Light, Yooli K.; Singh, Anup K.] Biosyst Res Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 95391 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Biosyst Res Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 95391 USA. EM aksingh@sandia.gov NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1039/b716462a PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280JZ UT WOS:000254424400003 PM 18369506 ER PT J AU Harnett, CK Templeton, J Dunphy-Guzman, KA Senousy, YM Kanouff, MP AF Harnett, Cindy K. Templeton, Jeremy Dunphy-Guzman, Katherine A. Senousy, Yehya M. Kanouff, Michael P. TI Model based design of a microfluidic mixer driven by induced charge electroosmosis SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ELCTROOSMOSIS; FLOWS; TIME AB Mixing chemical or biological samples with reagents for chemical analysis is one of the most time consuming operations on microfluidic platforms. This is primarily due to the low rate of diffusive transport in liquid systems. Additionally, much research has focused on detection, rather than sample preparation. In response, we describe a mixer for microfluidic sample preparation based on the electrokinetic phenomenon of induced-charge-electroosmosis (ICEO). ICEO creates microvortices within a fluidic channel by application of alternating current (AC) electric fields. The microvortices are driven by electrostatic forces acting on the ionic charge induced by the field near polarizable materials. By enabling mixing to be turned on or off within a channel of fixed volume, these electronically controlled mixers prevent sample dilution-a common problem with other strategies. A three-dimensional model based on the finite volume method was developed to calculate the electric field, fluid flow, and mass transport in a multi-species liquid. After preliminary experiments, the model was used to rapidly prototype a wide range of designs. A new microfabrication process was developed for devices with vertical sidewalls having conductive metal coatings and embedded electrodes. Mixing experiments were carried out in the devices and the results were compared to the model. C1 [Templeton, Jeremy; Kanouff, Michael P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci & Engn Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Harnett, Cindy K.; Senousy, Yehya M.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Dunphy-Guzman, Katherine A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Syst Studies Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kanouff, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci & Engn Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kanouff@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1039/b717416k PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280JZ UT WOS:000254424400008 PM 18369511 ER PT J AU Oliver, AE Kendall, EL Howland, MC Sanii, B Shreve, AP Parikh, AN AF Oliver, Ann E. Kendall, Eric L. Howland, Michael C. Sanii, Babak Shreve, Andrew P. Parikh, Atul N. TI Protecting, patterning, and scaffolding supported lipid membranes using carbohydrate glasses SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID DESICCATION TOLERANCE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TREHALOSE; BILAYERS; MOBILITY; FLUID; ANHYDROBIOTES; EXPRESSION; MONOLAYERS AB Disaccharides are known to protect sensitive biomolecules against stresses caused by dehydration, both in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate how interfacial accumulation of trehalose can be used to (1) produce rugged supported lipid bilayers capable of near total dehydration; (2) enable spatial patterning of membrane micro-arrays; and (3) form stable bilayers on otherwise lipophobic substrates (e. g., metal transducers) thus affording protecting, patterning, and scaffolding of lipid bilayers. C1 [Oliver, Ann E.; Parikh, Atul N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Shreve, Andrew P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parikh, Atul N.] Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Oliver, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aeoliver@ucdavis.edu; anparikh@ucdavis.edu RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 892 EP 897 DI 10.1039/b800370j PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 304NC UT WOS:000256115200008 PM 18497908 ER PT J AU Lau, AY Lee, LP Chan, JW AF Lau, Adrian Y. Lee, Luke P. Chan, James W. TI An integrated optofluidic platform for Raman-activated cell sorting SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TWEEZERS; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; PARTICLES; SPORES AB We report on integrated optofluidic Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) platforms that combine multichannel microfluidic devices and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) for delivery, identification, and simultaneous sorting of individual cells. The system allows label-free cell identification based on Raman spectroscopy and automated continuous cell sorting. Two optofluidic designs using hydrodynamic focusing and pinch-flow fractionation are evaluated based on their sorting design and flow velocity effect on the laser trapping efficiency at different laser power levels. A proof-of-principle demonstration of the integrated optofluidic LTRS system for the identification and sorting of two leukemia cell lines is presented. This functional prototype lays the foundation for the development of a label-free cell sorting platform based on intrinsic Raman markers for automated sampling and sorting of a large number of individual cells in solution. C1 [Lau, Adrian Y.; Chan, James W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lau, Adrian Y.; Lee, Luke P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chan, James W.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Chan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Phys & Biophys Div, POB 808,L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chan19@llnl.gov RI Chan, James/J-3829-2014 NR 20 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1116 EP 1120 DI 10.1039/b803598a PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 320LT UT WOS:000257236900018 PM 18584087 ER PT J AU Chen, GF Svec, F Knapp, DR AF Chen, Guofang Svec, Frantisek Knapp, Daniel R. TI Light-actuated high pressure-resisting microvalve for on-chip flow control based on thermo-responsive nanostructured polymer SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS; HYDROGELS; VALVES; LAB; MONOLITHS; GELS; DEVICES; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); INTEGRATION AB A simple light-actuated microvalve using a quartz halogen illuminator with tungsten filament was introduced to manipulate flow path effectively in micro-total analysis systems, which reduces system complexity and the need for on-chip integration. The microvalve device in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchip functions very well based on the thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), whose pressure-tolerance can be tuned by changing the mechanical strength of polymer monolith inside the microchannel with the choice of suitable amount of monomer and crosslinker. The response time and pressure resistance of the valve can be optimized by the tetrahydrofuran composition in the polymerization mixture as well. Very importantly, the microvalve can withstand the leakage pressure up to around 1350 psi, and its opening and closing response time is only 4.0 and 6.2 s respectively. Microchips with such valves will be very useful in drug delivery, chemical analysis and proteomic analysis. C1 [Chen, Guofang; Knapp, Daniel R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chen, Guofang; Knapp, Daniel R.] Med Univ S Carolina, MUSC Proteom Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Svec, Frantisek] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Guofang] St Johns Univ, Dept Chem, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. RP Chen, GF (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM cheng@stjohns.edu; Fsvec@lbl.gov; knappdr@musc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HV28181] NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1039/b803293a PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 320LT UT WOS:000257236900029 PM 18584098 ER PT J AU Meagher, RJ Hatch, AV Renzi, RF Singh, AK AF Meagher, Robert J. Hatch, Anson V. Renzi, Ronald F. Singh, Anup K. TI An integrated microfluidic platform for sensitive and rapid detection of biological toxins SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS-BASED IMMUNOASSAYS; PROBE CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; WARFARE AGENTS; ASSAY SYSTEM; MICROCHIP; PROTEINS AB Towards designing a portable diagnostic device for detecting biological toxins in bodily fluids, we have developed microfluidic chip-based immunoassays that are rapid (< 20 minutes), require minimal sample volume (< 10 mu L) and have appreciable sensitivity and dynamic range (mu M-pM). The microfluidic chip is being integrated with miniaturized electronics, optical elements, fluid-handling components, and data acquisition software to develop a portable, self-contained device. The device is intended for rapid, point-of-care (and, in future, point-of-incident) testing in case of an accidental or intentional exposure/intoxication to biotoxins. Detection of toxins and potential host-response markers is performed using microfluidic electrophoretic immunoassays integrated with sample preconcentration and mixing of analytes with fluorescently labeled antibodies. Preconcentration is enabled by photopolymerizing a thin, nanoporous membrane with a MW cut-off of similar to 10 kDa in the sample loading region of the chip. Polymeric gels with larger pores are located adjacent to the size exclusion membrane to perform electrophoretic separation of antibody-analyte complex and excess antibody. Measurement of the ratio of bound and unbound immune-complex using sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection provides quantitation of analyte in the sample. We have demonstrated electrophoretic immunoassays for the biotoxins ricin, Shiga toxin I, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). With off-chip mixing and no sample preconcentration, the limits of detection (LOD) were 300 pM for SEB, 500 pM for Shiga toxin I, and 20 nM for ricin. With a 10 min on-chip preconcentration, the LOD for SEB is < 10 pM. The portable device being developed is readily applicable to detection of proteinaceous biomarkers of many other diseases and is intended to represent the next-generation diagnostic devices capable of rapid and quantitative measurements of multiple analytes simultaneously. C1 [Meagher, Robert J.; Hatch, Anson V.; Renzi, Ronald F.; Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM aksingh@sandia.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Grant NIAID [U01AI075441]; Sandia Corp.; Lockheed Martin Co.; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Mark Claudnic for assistance with design and construction of the portable diagnostic prototype, and Dan Throckmorton, Amy Herr (currently at UC Berkeley), and Steve Binder (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Grant NIAID U01AI075441 (PI: Singh). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 49 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2046 EP 2053 DI 10.1039/b815152k PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383PT UT WOS:000261686200009 PM 19023467 ER PT J AU Abate, AR Krummel, AT Lee, D Marquez, M Holtze, C Weitz, DA AF Abate, Adam R. Krummel, Amber T. Lee, Daeyeon Marquez, Manuel Holtze, Christian Weitz, David A. TI Photoreactive coating for high-contrast spatial patterning of microfluidic device wettability SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MONODISPERSE DOUBLE EMULSIONS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SYSTEMS; FILMS AB For many applications in microfluidics, the wettability of the devices must be spatially controlled. We introduce a photoreactive sol-gel coating that enables high-contrast spatial patterning of microfluidic device wettability. C1 [Abate, Adam R.; Krummel, Amber T.; Lee, Daeyeon; Weitz, David A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holtze, Christian] BASF AG, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany. RP Weitz, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM weitz@seas.harvard.edu FU Human Frontiers Grant [RGP0004/2005-C102]; NSF [DMR-0602684, DBI-0649865]; Harvard MRSEC [DMR-0213805]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX This work was supported by a Human Frontiers Grant (RGP0004/2005-C102), the NSF (DMR-0602684) and (DBI-0649865), the Harvard MRSEC (DMR-0213805), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 24 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2157 EP 2160 DI 10.1039/b813405g PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383PT UT WOS:000261686200022 PM 19023480 ER PT J AU Asay, DB Dugger, MT Ohlhausen, JA Kim, SH AF Asay, David B. Dugger, Michael T. Ohlhausen, James A. Kim, Seong H. TI Macro- to nanoscale wear prevention via molecular adsorption SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; MATERIALS ISSUES; SILICON-OXIDE; VAPOR-PHASE; SURFACE; MEMS; TEMPERATURE; LUBRICATION; MECHANISMS; TRIBOLOGY AB As the size of mechanical systems shrinks from macro- to nanoscales, surface phenomena such as adhesion, friction, and wear become increasingly significant. This paper demonstrates the use of alcohol adsorption as a means of continuously replenishing the lubricating layer on the working device surfaces and elucidates the tribochemical reaction products formed in the sliding contact region. Friction and wear of native silicon oxide were studied over a wide range of length scales from macro- to nanoscales using a ball-on-flat tribometer (millimeter scale), sidewall microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tribometer (micrometer scale), and atomic force microscopy (nanometer scale). In all cases, the alcohol vapor adsorption successfully lubricated and prevented wear. Imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of the sliding contact region revealed that high molecular weight oligomeric species were formed via tribochemical reactions of the adsorbed linear alcohol molecules. These tribochemical products seemed to enhance the lubrication and wear prevention. In the case of sidewall MEMS tests, the lifetime of the MEMS device was radically increased via vapor-phase lubrication with alcohol. C1 [Asay, David B.; Kim, Seong H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dugger, Michael T.; Ohlhausen, James A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM shkim@engr.psu.edu NR 29 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1021/la702598g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 245DW UT WOS:000251916100025 PM 18044943 ER PT J AU de Boer, PCT de Boer, MP AF de Boer, P. C. T. de Boer, M. P. TI Rupture work of pendular bridges SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPHERICAL AGGLOMERATION PROCESS; LIQUID BRIDGES; CAPILLARY FORCES; WETTING HYSTERESIS; IDEAL SOIL; SPHERES; MODEL; ROUGHNESS; VISCOSITY AB Capillary bridging can generate substantial forces between solid surfaces. Impacted technologies and sciences include micro- and nanomachining, disk drive interfaces, scanning probe microscopy, biology, and granular mechanics. Existing calculations of the rupture work of capillary bridges do not consider the thermodynamics relating to the evaporation that can occur in the case of volatile liquids. Here, we show that the occurrence of evaporation decreases the rupture work by a factor of about 2. The decrease arises from heat taken from the surroundings that is converted into work. The treatment is based on a thermodynamic control-volume analysis of the pendular bridge geometry. We extend the mathematical formulation of Orr et al., solving the meniscus problem exactly for non-wetting surfaces. The extension provides analytical results for conditions at the rupture point and at a possible inflection point and for the rupture work. A simple equation (eq 32) is shown to fit the rupture work for the two cases over a meniscus curvature range of 3 orders of magnitude. Coefficients for the equation are given in tabular form for different contact angle pairs. C1 [de Boer, P. C. T.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [de Boer, M. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Design & Reliabil Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP de Boer, PCT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1021/la701253u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 245DW UT WOS:000251916100026 PM 18041851 ER PT J AU Rioux, RM Hoefelmeyer, JD Grass, M Song, H Niesz, K Yang, PD Somorjai, GA AF Rioux, Robert M. Hoefelmeyer, James D. Grass, Michael Song, Hyunjoon Niesz, Krisztian Yang, Peidong Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Adsorption and co-adsorption of ethylene and carbon monoxide on silica-supported monodisperse Pt nanoparticles: Volumetric adsorption and infrared spectroscopy studies SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MESOPOROUS SBA-15 SILICA; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; CATALYST EUROPT-1; PT(111) SURFACE; METAL-SURFACES; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; ETHYLIDYNE FORMATION; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA AB The adsorption of carbon monoxide and ethylene, and their sequential adsorption, was studied over a series of Pt/SBA-15 catalysts with monodisperse particle sizes ranging from 1.7 to 7.1 nm by diffuse-reflectance infrared spectroscopy and chemisorption. Gas adsorption was dependent on the Pt particle size, temperature, and sequence of gas exposure. Adsorption of CO at room temperature on Pt/SBA-15 gives rise to a spectroscopic feature assigned to the C-O stretch: nu(CO) = 2075 cm(-1) (1.9 nm); 2079 cm(-1) (2.9 nm); 2082 cm(-1) (3.6 nm); and 2090 cm(-1) (7.1 nm). The intensity of the signal decreased in a sigmoidal fashion with increasing temperature, thereby providing semiquantitative surface coverage information. Adsorption of ethylene on Pt/SBA-15 gave rise to spectroscopic features at similar to 1340, similar to 1420, and similar to 1500 cm(-1) assigned to ethylidyne, di-sigma-bonded ethylene, and pi-bonded ethylene, respectively. The ratio of these surface species is highly dependent on the Pt particle size. At room temperature, Pt particles stabilize ethylidyne as well as di-sigma- and pi-bonded ethylene; however, ethylidyne predominated on the surfaces of larger particles. Ethylidyne was the only identifiable species at 403 K, with its formation being more facile on larger particles. Co-adsorption experiments reveal that the composition of the surface layer is dependent on the order of exposure to gases. Exposure of a C2H4-covered Pt surface to CO resulted in an similar to 50% decrease in chemisorbed CO compared to a fresh Pt surface. The nu(CO) appeared at 2050 cm(-1) on Pt/SBA-15 pretreated with CA at room temperature. The di-sigma-bonded and pi-bonded species are the most susceptible to displacement from the surface by CO. The formation of ethylidyne appeared to be less sensitive to the presence of adsorbed carbon monoxide, especially on larger particles. Upon exposure Of C2H4 to a CO-covered Pt surface, little irreversible uptake occurred due to nearly 100% site blocking. These results demonstrate that carbon monoxide competes directly with ethylene for surface sites, which will have direct implications on the poisoning of the heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of hydrocarbons. C1 [Rioux, Robert M.; Hoefelmeyer, James D.; Grass, Michael; Song, Hyunjoon; Niesz, Krisztian; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rioux, Robert M.; Hoefelmeyer, James D.; Grass, Michael; Song, Hyunjoon; Niesz, Krisztian; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rioux, Robert M.; Hoefelmeyer, James D.; Grass, Michael; Song, Hyunjoon; Niesz, Krisztian; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; Song, Hyunjoon/C-1638-2011; OI Song, Hyunjoon/0000-0002-1565-5697; Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557 NR 96 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 10 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1021/la702685a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 245DW UT WOS:000251916100031 PM 18052400 ER PT S AU Bronevetsky, G Marques, D Pingali, K Rugina, R AF Bronevetsky, Greg Marques, Daniel Pingali, Keshav Rugina, Radu BE Adve, V Garzaran, MJ Petersen, P TI Compiler-enhanced incremental checkpointing SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing CY OCT 11-13, 2007-2008 CL Urbana, IL SP Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Siebel Ctr Comp Sci AB As modern supercomputing systems reach the peta-flop performance range, they grow in both size and complexity. This makes them increasingly vulnerable to failures front a variety of causes. Checkpointing is a popular technique for tolerating such failures in that it allows applications to periodically save their state and restart the computation after a failure. Although a variety of automated system-level checkpointing solutions are currently available to HPC users, manual application-level checkpointing remains by far the most popular approach because of its superior performance. This paper focuses on improving the performance of automated checkpointing via a compiler analysis for incremental checkpointing. This analysis is shown to significantly reduce checkpoint sizes (upto 78%) and to enable asynchronous checkpointing. C1 [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Marques, Daniel; Pingali, Keshav] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rugina, Radu] Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rugina, Radu] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bronevetsky, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM greg@bronevetsky.com; daniel@ices.utexas.edu; pingali@cs.utexas.edu; rugina@cs.cornell.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85260-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5234 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-85261-2_1 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIE22 UT WOS:000258885700001 ER PT S AU Badia, S Bochev, P Gunzburger, M Lehoucq, R Parks, M AF Badia, Santiago Bochev, Pavel Gunzburger, Max Lehoucq, Richard Parks, Michael BE Lirkov, I Margenov, S Wasniewski, J TI Bridging methods for coupling atomistic and continuum models SO LARGE-SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing (LSSC 2007) CY JUN 05-09, 2007 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sozopol, BULGARIA SP Inst Parallel Processing, Soc Ind & Appl Math HO Bulgarian Acad Sci DE atomistic to continuum coupling; blended coupling; molecular statics AB We review some recent developments in the coupling of atomistic and continuum models based on the blending of the two models in a bridge region connecting the other two regions in which the models are separately applied. We define four such models and subject them to patch and consistency tests. We also discuss important implementation issues such as: the enforcement of displacement continuity constraints in the bridge region; and how one defines, in two and three dimensions, the blending function that is a basic ingredient in the methods. C1 [Badia, Santiago; Bochev, Pavel; Lehoucq, Richard; Parks, Michael] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Badia, Santiago] Univ Politecnica Catalunya, CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain. [Gunzburger, Max] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Badia, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sibadia@sandia.gov; pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@scs.fsu.edu; rblehou@sandia.gov; mlparks@sandia.gov RI Badia, Santiago/L-8565-2014 OI Badia, Santiago/0000-0003-2391-4086 FU European Community through the Marie Curie NanoSim [MOIF-CT-2006-039522]; Department of Energys National Nuclear Security [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25698] FX SB was supported by the European Community through the Marie Curie contract NanoSim (MOIF-CT-2006-039522). For PB,RL, and MP, Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. MG was supported in part by the Department of Energy grant number DE-FG02-05ER25698. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78825-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4818 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78827-0_2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHO38 UT WOS:000254817600002 ER PT S AU Bochev, P Ridzal, D AF Bochev, Pavel Ridzal, Denis BE Lirkov, I Margenov, S Wasniewski, J TI Finite element solution of optimal control problems arising in semiconductor modeling SO LARGE-SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing (LSSC 2007) CY JUN 05-09, 2007 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sozopol, BULGARIA SP Inst Parallel Processing, Soc Ind & Appl Math HO Bulgarian Acad Sci AB Optimal design, parameter estimation, and inverse problems arising in the modeling of semiconductor devices lead to optimization problems constrained by systems of PDEs. We study the impact of different state equation discretizations on optimization problems whose objective functionals involve flux terms. Galerkin methods, in which the flux is a derived quantity, are compared with mixed Galerkin discretizations where the flux is approximated directly. Our results show that the latter approach leads to more robust and accurate solutions of the optimization problem, especially for highly heterogeneous materials with large jumps in material properties. C1 [Bochev, Pavel; Ridzal, Denis] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78825-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4818 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78827-0_25 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHO38 UT WOS:000254817600025 ER PT S AU Sviercoski, RF Travis, BJ AF Sviercoski, Rosangela F. Travis, Bryan J. BE Lirkov, I Margenov, S Wasniewski, J TI Analytical effective coefficient and first-order approximation to linear Darcy's law through block inclusions SO LARGE-SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing (LSSC 2007) CY JUN 05-09, 2007 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sozopol, BULGARIA SP Inst Parallel Processing, Soc Ind & Appl Math HO Bulgarian Acad Sci ID POROUS-MEDIA; HOMOGENIZATION AB We present an analytical form for the effective coefficient to linear diffusion equations such that the heterogeneous coefficients are periodic and rapidly oscillating and can be defined as step functions describing inclusions in a main matrix. The new contribution comes from using an analytical approximation for the solution of the well known periodic cell-problem. By defining a correction to the given approximation, the analytical effective coefficient, the zeroth-order approximation in H-0(1)(Omega) and the first-order in L-2 (Omega) are readily obtained. The known results for effective coefficient are obtained as particular cases, including the geometric average for the checkerboard structure of the medium. We demonstrate numerically that our proposed approximation agrees with the classical theoretical results in homogenization theory. This is done by applying it to problems of interest in flow in porous media, for cases where the contrast ratio between the inclusion and the main matrix are 10:1, 100:1., 1000:1, and 1:10, respectively. C1 [Sviercoski, Rosangela F.; Travis, Bryan J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sviercoski, RF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78825-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4818 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78827-0_29 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHO38 UT WOS:000254817600029 ER PT S AU Kando, M Kiriyama, H Koga, JK Bulanov, S Chao, AW Esirkepov, T Hajima, R Tajima, T AF Kando, M. Kiriyama, H. Koga, J. K. Bulanov, S. Chao, A. W. Esirkepov, T. Hajima, R. Tajima, T. BE Bulanov, SV Daido, H TI Opportunities for TeV laser acceleration SO LASER DRIVEN RELATIVISTIC PLASMAS APPLIED FOR SCIENCE, INDUSTRY, AND MEDICINE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Laser-Driven Relativistic Plasmas Applied for Science, Industry, and Medicine CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Photo Med Valley Project, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Core to Core Program, Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Japan ID MONOENERGETIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; PULSE INTERACTION; PLASMA AB A set of ballpark parameters for laser, plasma, and accelerator technologies that define for electron energies reaching as high as TeV are identified. These ballpark parameters are carved out from the fundamental scaling laws that govern laser acceleration, theoretically suggested and experimentally explored over a wide range in the recent years. In the density regime on the order of 10(16) cm(-3), the appropriate laser technology, we find, matches well with that of a highly efficient high fluence LD driven Yb ceramic laser. Further, the collective acceleration technique applies to compactify the beam stoppage stage by adopting the beam-plasma wave deceleration, which contributes to significantly enhance the stopping power and energy recovery capability of the beam. Thus we find the confluence of the needed laser acceleration parameters dictated by these scaling laws and the emerging laser technology. This may herald a new technology in the ultrahigh energy frontier. C1 [Kando, M.; Kiriyama, H.; Koga, J. K.; Bulanov, S.; Esirkepov, T.; Hajima, R.; Tajima, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kansai Photon Sci Inst, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. [Chao, A. W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kando, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kansai Photon Sci Inst, 8-1 Umemidai, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0545-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1024 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHY85 UT WOS:000257510200021 ER PT J AU Shaner, EA Grine, AD Reno, JL Wanke, MC Allen, SJ AF Shaner, Eric A. Grine, Albert D. Reno, John L. Wanke, Mike C. Allen, S. James TI Next-generation detectors - Plasmon grating-gate devices have potential as tunable terahertz detectors SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Grine, Albert D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Allen, S. James] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Terahertz Sci & Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Grine, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eashane@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 255FW UT WOS:000252644100039 ER PT S AU Bude, J Guss, G Matthews, M Spaeth, ML AF Bude, J. Guss, G. Matthews, M. Spaeth, M. L. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI The effect of lattice temperature on surface damage in fused silica optics - art. no. 672009 SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE SiO2; laser-induced damage; high temperature absorption ID LASER; ABSORPTION; 1064-NM AB We examine the effect of lattice temperature on the probability of surface damage initiation for 355nm, 7ns laser pulses for surface temperatures below the melting point to temperatures well above the melting point of fused silica. At sufficiently high surface temperatures, damage thresholds are dramatically reduced. Our results indicate a temperature activated absorption and support the idea of a lattice temperature threshold of surface damage. From these measurements, we estimate the temperature dependent absorption coefficient for intrinsic silica. C1 [Bude, J.; Guss, G.; Matthews, M.; Spaeth, M. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bude, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-592,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP 72009 EP 72009 DI 10.1117/12.752989 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100009 ER PT S AU Conder, A Alger, T Azevedo, S Chang, J Glenn, S Kegelmeyer, L Liebman, J Spaeth, M Whitman, P AF Conder, Alan Alger, Terry Azevedo, Stephen Chang, Jim Glenn, Steven Kegelmeyer, Laura Liebman, Judith Spaeth, Mary Whitman, Pam BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Final optics damage inspection (FODI) for the national ignition facility - art. no. 672010 SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE FODI; NIF; optics inspection; laser-induced damage; high-resolution image analysis AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore, National Laboratory (LLNL) will routinely fire high energy shots (approaching 10 kJ per beamline) through the final optics, located on the target chamber. After a high fluence shot, exceeding 4J/cm(2) at 351 nm wavelength, the final optics will be inspected for laser-induced damage. The FODI (Final Optics Damage Inspection) system has been developed for this purpose, with requirements to detect laser-induced damage initiation and to track and size it's the growth to the point at which the optic is removed and the site mitigated. The FODI system is the "corner stone" of the NIF optic recycle strategy. We will describe the FODI system and discuss the challenges to make optics inspection a routine part of NIT operations. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. C1 [Conder, Alan; Alger, Terry; Azevedo, Stephen; Chang, Jim; Glenn, Steven; Kegelmeyer, Laura; Liebman, Judith; Spaeth, Mary; Whitman, Pam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Conder, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,POB 808,L-463, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP 72010 EP 72010 DI 10.1117/12.759131 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100036 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Jarboe, JA Feit, MD Hackel, RP AF Adams, J. J. Jarboe, J. A. Feit, M. D. Hackel, R. P. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Comparison between S/1 and R/1 tests and damage density vs. fluence (rho(phi)) results for unconditioned and sub-nanosecond laser-conditioned KD2PO4 crystals - art. no. 672014 SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE DKDP; bulk damage; laser-conditioning; sub-nanosecond laser; damage density; damage probability AB We present S/1 and R/1 test results on unconditioned and 355 nm (3 omega), 500 ps laser conditioned DKDP. We find up to similar to 2.5X improvement in fluence in the S/1 performance after 3 omega, 500 ps conditioning to 5 J/cm(2). For the first time, we observe a shift to higher fluences in the R/1 results for DKDP at 3 omega, 7 ns due to 500 ps laser conditioning. The S/1 results are compared to rho(phi) results previously measured on the same DKDP crystal [1]. A consistent behavior in fluence was found between the S/1 and rho(phi) results for unconditioned and 500 ps conditioned DKDP. We were successful at using Poisson statistics to derive a connection between the S/1 and rho(phi) results that could be tested with our data sets by trying to predict the shape of the rho(phi) curve. The value for the power dependence on fluence of rho(phi) derived from the S/1 data was similar to 11 +/- 50%. The results presented and discussed here imply a strong correlation between the damage probability (S/1) test and rho(phi). We find a consistent description of the two test types in terms of a power law rho(phi) and that this basic shape held for all cases, i.e. the shape was invariant between unconditioned and conditioned results. C1 [Adams, J. J.; Jarboe, J. A.; Feit, M. D.; Hackel, R. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP 72014 EP 72014 DI 10.1117/12.752961 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100040 ER PT S AU Negres, RA Feit, MD DeMange, P Bude, JD Demos, SG AF Negres, R. A. Feit, M. D. DeMange, P. Bude, J. D. Demos, S. G. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Pump and probe damage testing for investigation of transient material modifications associated with laser damage in optical materials - art. no. 672019 SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE laser-induced material modifications; optical materials; localized energy deposition AB Laser-induced breakdown in the bulk of transparent dielectric materials is associated with the generation of extreme localized conditions of temperatures and pressures. In this work, we perform pump and probe damage testing experiments to investigate the evolution of transient absorption by the host material arising from modifications following confined laser energy deposition in fused silica and DKDP materials. Specifically, we measure the size of the damage sites observed in the region of spatial overlap between the pump and probe pulses versus probe time delay and energy. Results of this proof-of-principle experimental work confirm that material modifications under extreme conditions created during a damage event include transient optical absorption. In addition, we found that the relaxation times of the induced absorption are very distinct for DKDP and SiO2 even under identical excitation conditions, on the order of 100 ns and 100 mu s, respectively. C1 [Negres, R. A.; Feit, M. D.; DeMange, P.; Bude, J. D.; Demos, S. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Negres, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP 72019 EP 72019 DI 10.1117/12.750091 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100045 ER PT S AU Guss, G Bass, I Hackel, R Mailhiot, C Demos, SG AF Guss, Gabe Bass, Isaac Hackel, Richard Mailhiot, Christian Demos, Stavros G. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI High-resolution 3-D imaging of surface damage sites in fused silica with optical coherence tomography - art. no. 67201F SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE optical coherence tomography; fused silica; surface damage ID GROWTH AB In this work, we present the first successful demonstration of a non-contact technique to precisely measure the 3D spatial characteristics of laser induced surface damage sites in fused silica for large aperture laser systems by employing Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). What makes OCT particularly interesting in the characterization of optical materials for large aperture laser systems is that its axial resolution can be maintained with working distances greater than 5 cm, whether viewing through air or through the bulk of thick optics. Specifically, when mitigating surface damage sites against further growth by CO2 laser evaporation of the damage, it is important to know the depth of subsurface cracks below the damage site. These cracks are typically obscured by the damage rubble when imaged from above the surface. The results to date clearly demonstrate that OCT is a unique and valuable tool for characterizing damage sites before and after the mitigation process. We also demonstrated its utility as an in-situ diagnostic to guide and optimize our process when mitigating surface damage sites on large, high-value optics. C1 [Guss, Gabe; Bass, Isaac; Hackel, Richard; Mailhiot, Christian; Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guss, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP F7201 EP F7201 DI 10.1117/12.748452 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100051 ER PT S AU Norton, MA Adams, JJ Carr, CW Donohue, EE Feit, MD Hackel, RP Hollingsworth, WG Jarboe, JA Matthews, MJ Rubenchik, AM Spaeth, ML AF Norton, Mary A. Adams, John J. Carr, C. Wren Donohue, Eugene E. Feit, Michael D. Hackel, Richard P. Hollingsworth, William G. Jarboe, Jeffrey A. Matthews, Manyalibo J. Rubenchik, Alexander M. Spaeth, Mary L. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Growth of laser damage in fused silica: diameter to depth ratio - art. no. 67200H SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE laser damage; laser damage growth; laser damage growth threshold; UV fused silica ID INITIATED DAMAGE; NM AB Growth of laser initiated damage plays a major role in determining optics lifetime in high power laser systems. Previous measurements have established that the lateral diameter grows exponentially. Knowledge of the growth of the site in the propagation direction is also important, especially so when considering techniques designed to mitigate damage growth, where it is required to reach all the subsurface damage. In this work, we present data on both the diameter and the depth of a growing exit surface damage sites in fused silica. Measured growth rates with both 351 nm illumination and with combined 351 nm and 1054 nm illumination are discussed. C1 [Norton, Mary A.; Adams, John J.; Carr, C. Wren; Donohue, Eugene E.; Feit, Michael D.; Hackel, Richard P.; Hollingsworth, William G.; Jarboe, Jeffrey A.; Matthews, Manyalibo J.; Rubenchik, Alexander M.; Spaeth, Mary L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP H7200 EP H7200 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100017 ER PT S AU Schmidt, JR Runkel, MJ Martin, KE Stolz, CJ AF Schmidt, J. R. Runkel, M. J. Martin, K. E. Stolz, C. J. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Scattering-induced downstream beam modulation by plasma scalded mirrors - art. no. 67201H SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE dielectric mirror; laser conditioning; plasma scald; beam intensification; beam contrast; contrast adder; laser resistance AB Previous work concluded that plasma scalds on laser-conditioned multilayer dielectric mirror coatings are a stable, benign damage morphology. Recent large-aperture measurements indicate that plasma scalds may lead to fratricide of down-stream optics by increasing beam contrast. This paper describes the results of measurements performed to examine the effect of quasi-periodic plasma scalds covering the entire clear aperture on downstream beam modulation. A collimated, linearly-polarized 1053-nm beamline was constructed that irradiated approximately 5 cm(2) of the plasma scalded region. This beam was propagated similar to 8 meters and sampled with a 10-bit, megapixel CCD camera and analyzed for contrast (peak/average intensity). A lineout across the sample was built up by translating the optic across the beam. The contrast results were compared to a baseline wedged flat with surface figure of lambda/100 and a contrast adder for the plasma scalds calculated. This was defined by. In all, optics with average plasma scald fractions of 0.9, 2.3, 4 and 14% were measured. Preliminary results indicate that plasma scald fractions of 4% and below contribute a contrast adder of less than 2.5%. C1 [Schmidt, J. R.; Runkel, M. J.; Martin, K. E.; Stolz, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schmidt, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP H7201 EP H7201 DI 10.1117/12.748446 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100053 ER PT S AU Jarboe, JA Adams, JJ Hackel, RP AF Jarboe, J. A. Adams, J. J. Hackel, R. P. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Analysis of output surface damage resulting from single 351 nm, 3 ns pulses on sub-nanosecond laser conditioned KD2PO4 crystals - art. no. 67200J SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE DKDP; laser-conditioning; surface damage; pulse length; sub-nanosecond laser; damage density AB We observe that by conditioning DKDP using 500 ps laser pulses, the bulk damage threshold becomes essentially equivalent to the surface damage threshold. We report here the findings of our study of laser initiated output surface damage on 500 ps laser conditioned DKDP for test pulses at 351 run, 3 ns. The relation between surface damage density and damaging fluence (rho(phi)) is presented for the first time and the morphologies of the surface sites are discussed. The results of this study suggest a surface conditioning effect resulting from exposure to 500 ps laser pulses. C1 [Jarboe, J. A.; Adams, J. J.; Hackel, R. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jarboe, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-250, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP J7200 EP J7200 DI 10.1117/12.752957 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100019 ER PT S AU Matthews, MJ Feit, MD AF Matthews, Manyalibo J. Feit, Michael D. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Effect of random clustering on surface damage density estimates - art. no. 67201J SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol AB Identification and spatial registration of laser-induced damage relative to incident fluence profiles is often required to characterize the damage properties of laser optics near damage threshold. Of particular interest in inertial confinement laser systems are large aperture beam damage tests (>1cm(2)) where the number of initiated damage sites for phi>14J/cm(2) can approach 10(5)-10(6), requiring automatic microscopy counting to locate and register individual damage sites. However, as was shown for the case of bacteria counting in biology decades ago, random overlapping or 'clumping' prevents accurate counting of Poisson-distributed objects at high densities, and must be accounted for if the underlying statistics are to be understood. In this work we analyze the effect of random clumping on damage initiation density estimates at fluences above damage threshold. The parameter psi=a rho=rho/rho(0), where a=1/rho(0) is the mean damage site area and rho is the mean number density, is used to characterize the onset of clumping, and approximations based on a simple model are used to derive an expression for clumped damage density vs. fluence and damage site size. The influence of the uncorrected rho vs. phi curve on damage initiation probability predictions is also discussed. C1 [Matthews, Manyalibo J.; Feit, Michael D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matthews, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP J7201 EP J7201 DI 10.1117/12.752938 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100054 ER PT S AU Schwarz, J Rambo, P Geissel, M Headley, D Ramsey, M Atherton, B AF Schwarz, Jens Rambo, Patrick Geissel, Matthias Headley, Daniel Ramsey, Marc Atherton, Briggs BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Studies on thin films as short pulse laser debris shields - art. no. 67200Q SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE debris shield; thin films; laser damage ID Z-BEAMLET AB Optical properties of various thin films such as Nitrocellulose, Mylar, and Polyimide were investigated with respect to their application as laser debris shields. Studies on optical and spectral transmission quality, absorption, stress induced birefringence, and damage threshold have been performed. Scalability to large apertures was also considered. Studies were performed of how focusing geometry, target alignment, and mechanical components can help mitigate target debris traveling back to the focusing optic. C1 [Schwarz, Jens; Rambo, Patrick; Geissel, Matthias; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwarz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP Q7200 EP Q7200 DI 10.1117/12.752605 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100026 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Negres, RA DeMange, PP Feit, MD AF Demos, Stavros G. Negres, Raluca A. DeMange, Paul P. Feit, Michael D. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Revealing the salient properties of KDP/DKDP bulk damage precursors SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE laser damage; laser conditioning; KDP and DKDP crystals AB The eradication of laser induced damage in optical materials for high power laser systems is limited by the difficulty in identifying the exact structure of the defects leading to damage initiation, primarily for two reasons. First, the concentration of these defects in the material can be extremely small and often below the detection limit of existing chemical analysis tools. Second, several types of defects exist in every batch of material and it is difficult to distinguish the one type responsible for damage. It is therefore imperative to develop new methods to investigate the nature and reveal the fingerprint properties of these defects, understand the parameters that govern their interaction with laser pulses, and develop models to optimize and predict the performance of the materials. Our efforts in recent years to address bulk damage in KDP/DKDP crystals have been based on the hypothesis that the properties of the damage precursors can be revealed by investigating the damage behavior of the material under exposure to laser pulses of varying parameters. This in turn probes the interaction of laser pulses with the precursors leading to their modification to less absorbing species (laser conditioning) or to damage initiation. These interactions are governed by the fundamental mechanisms involved as well as by the electronic structure and nature of these defects prior to and after conditioning. Our experimental results have highlighted a very complex set of interactions and, with the large volume of experimental data now available, a set of underlying mechanisms is also revealed. Specifically, we now hypothesize that: 1. There are two precursor populations: The same precursors initiate damage at both 2w and 3w. Damage precursor at 1w are different. 2. Conditioning of the 1w-precursors is achieved with exposure to 1w, 2w and 3w. There is a fluence threshold located well below the damage threshold. 3. Conditioning of the 2w & 3w precursors is more complex: For 2w testing, conditioning is achieved with pre-exposure to both 2w and 3w starting from very low fluences; For 3w testing, conditioning is achieved with pre-exposure to 3w only and there is a threshold in fluence. These behaviors suggest two different conditioning processes for the same population of initiators. 4. For 3w testing, conditioning threshold with 3w is below the damage threshold while that with 2w is above the damage threshold. Also, the difference in fluence between the conditioning and damage thresholds depends on the laser wavelength and pulse-length. This indicates independent mechanisms for damage and conditioning. 5. Relationships between the damage threshold, conditioning threshold and damage threshold after conditioning of individual precursors become apparent which are applicable to at least a large portion of the most relevant population of precursors (most susceptible to damage). The wealth of experimental data also allows us to down select the possible mechanisms involved in each type of conditioning and guides efforts to optimize conditioning protocols for operation at each wavelength or combination of wavelengths. C1 [Demos, Stavros G.; Negres, Raluca A.; DeMange, Paul P.; Feit, Michael D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP U575 EP U575 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100061 ER PT S AU Ferris, KF Webb-Robertson, BJM Jones, D AF Ferris, Kim F. Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Jones, Dumont BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI The role of virtual candidate spaces in the development of new optical materials SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol AB The first and most evident goal in new material exploration is the identification of a specific compound or class of materials with optimal targeting of multiple physical property requirements while facing a daunting number of potential candidates. Traditional approaches to materials development tend to rely upon a data point by data point approach, and quickly become highly dependent upon prior art and variations of current topical materials. More importantly, the number of new candidate materials that can be developed from a laboratory-intensive approach is rather small, limited by the investigator's synthetic expertise, especially when viewed in comparison with the combinatorics of elemental combinations. Fundamental mechanisms such as those determined for laser damage and defect formation form the basis for model development, the foundation for generating new candidate materials and interpretating information from disparate sources. In this presentation, we will discuss knowledge-based strategies for identification of candidate materials for ionizing radiation detection as a prototypical example for more efficient virtual candidate exploration. The materials informatics approach to materials development has been applied to ranking the alkali halide and alkali earth halide series in terms of their energy conversion efficiency, comprised of its carrier generation and optical phonon loss responses. Relevant data are relatively sparse (25% coverage), but sufficient to complete the development of forward mapping of materials properties through materials signatures. These mappings have been used to explore the limits of the energy conversion ratio as a function of chemical composition, and examine its relationship with another common design objective: density. Forward mappings are only the starting point for development of design rules, which can provide synthetic guidance for materials chemists as well as providing a measure of bounding materials performance. C1 [Ferris, Kim F.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferris, KF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP U585 EP U586 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100068 ER PT S AU Shinn, MD Benson, SV Douglas, D Evtushenko, P Gould, C Gubeli, J Hardy, D Jordan, K Neil, GR Sexton, DW Zhang, S AF Shinn, Michelle D. Benson, Stephen V. Douglas, David Evtushenko, Pavel Gould, Christopher Gubeli, Joseph Hardy, David Jordan, Kevin Neil, George R. Sexton, Daniel W. Zhang, Shukui BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Operation of the Jefferson Laboratory free-electron baser at high irradiances SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE free-electron lasers; high average power lasers; ultrafast lasers; laser resonators AB The cavity optics within high power free-electron lasers based on energy-recovering accelerators are subjected to extreme conditions associated with illumination from a broad spectrum of radiation, which under some conditions could be at high irradiances. In our designs, we relied on literature values for CW or quasi-cw lasers like copper-vapor lasers to set an operational limit of 100 kW/cm2. Recently we conducted a test to explore the damage threshold for our cavity optics. When operating at 1.6 microns, we found the optics damaged at irradiances substantially above 100 kW/cm2. Details of the test and a discussion of the damage morphology will be presented. C1 [Shinn, Michelle D.; Benson, Stephen V.; Douglas, David; Evtushenko, Pavel; Gould, Christopher; Gubeli, Joseph; Hardy, David; Jordan, Kevin; Neil, George R.; Sexton, Daniel W.; Zhang, Shukui] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP U583 EP U584 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100067 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ AF Stolz, Christopher J. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Summary of meeting SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE laser damage; laser interaction; optical components; optical fabrication; optical materials and properties; thin film coatings; contamination ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; OPTICAL-MATERIALS; ASTM SYMPOSIUM AB These proceedings contain the papers presented as oral and poster presentations at the 39(th) Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers. The conference was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology facility in Boulder Colorado, 24-26 September 2007. The symposium was divided into the traditional sessions devoted to the following topics: thin films; surfaces, mirrors and contamination; fundamental mechanisms; materials and measurements; and finally, a mini-symposium on lifetime issues for CW and quasi CW lasers. The conference started with two very touching tributes from Alex Glass and M.J. Soileau, in remembrance of the life of Dr. Art Guenther, the co-founder for this conference who has cochaired this conference from its inception. Doc Art with be truly missed, although his contributions to this conference will be longstanding. Dr. Gregory J. Exarhos of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (USA), Dr. Keith L. Lewis of Electro-Magnetic Remote Sensing Defence Technology Centre (UK), Dr. Detlev Ristau of the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (Germany), Dr. M. J. Soileau, of the University of Central Florida (USA), and Mr. Christopher J. Stolz of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA), cochaired the symposium. All told, 67 papers were presented, including oral and poster presentations plus a mini-symposium. No parallel sessions were held, allowing the opportunity to discuss common research interests with all the presenters. With 149 participants attending, the meeting offered an opportunity to make many new acquaintances. Although held annually in the US, this is a truly international conference with 33 percent of the attendees and 55 percent of the presentations coming from abroad. As usual, the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, offered a setting conductive to interchanges between individuals working in closely related and complementary fields. We look forward to future opportunities to again come together there. The 40(th) Annual Symposium of this series will be held in Boulder, Colorado, 22-24 September 2008. A concerted effort will be made to ensure a close liaison between the high-peak-power and high-average-power communities, as well as to include damage issues related to various research efforts and commercial laser applications. A mini-symposium related to the subject of fused silica optics is anticipated. Plenary talks are also anticipated summarizing 40 years of contributions in the four major topical areas. Additionally a CD or DVD is anticipated being released which will include the papers from 2004 - 2008 proceedings. Electronic copies of the prior years are also available on CD as listed in the references at the end of this paper. The principal topics to be considered as contributed papers in 2008 do not differ drastically from those enumerated above. We expect to hear more about the impacts of contamination on the laser resistance of optical components and the impacts of defects since both of these topics continue to generate significant interest. High-energy laser windows and crystals continue to place limitations on laser systems, so remain an active area of research and spirited debate. Refinement of the mitigation strategy consisting of damage initiation followed by arresting damage growth through post-processing techniques while not creating downstream damage is also expected to be a continued focus as a large number of laser-resistant UV optics are manufactured for large-aperture fusion lasers. Short pulse laser optics and damage phenomena remain an active area of research. We also expect to hear more about new measurement techniques to improve our understanding of the different damage mechanisms or to improve the manufacturing of optical materials and thin films for optical components of greater laser damage resistance. As was initially established in 1992, several distinguished invited speakers will make presentations of a tutorial or review nature, in addition, other contributors will cover late-breaking developments of interest to the attendees. The purpose of this series of symposia is to exchange information about optical materials for high-power/high-energy lasers. The editors welcome comments and criticism from all interested readers relevant to this purpose. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6720 BP U10 EP U18 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100001 ER PT S AU Feit, MD DeMange, PP Negres, RA Rubenchik, AM Demos, SG AF Feit, M. D. DeMange, P. P. Negres, R. A. Rubenchik, A. M. Demos, S. G. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Does complex absorption behavior leading to conditioning and damage in KDP/DKDP reflect the electronic structure of initiators? SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE KDP/DKDP; laser damage; damage initiation ID LASER AB Currently, most of our thinking about the defects responsible for initiating laser damage considers them as featureless absorbers. However, an increasing body of evidence, particularly involving multi-wavelength irradiation, suggests electronic structure of damage initiators is important in determining both initiation and conditioning behaviors in KDP. The effective absorption coefficient of energy under multi-wavelength irradiation cannot be accounted for by a structureless absorber, but is consistent with an initiator with a multi-level structure. We outline the evidence and assess the ability of such a simple multi-level model to explain these and other experimentally observed behaviors. C1 [Feit, M. D.; DeMange, P. P.; Negres, R. A.; Rubenchik, A. M.; Demos, S. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM feit1@llnll.gov RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6720 AR 672005 DI 10.1117/12.748444 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100005 ER PT S AU Matthews, MJ Bass, IL Guss, GM Widmayer, CC Ravizza, FL AF Matthews, Manyalibo J. Bass, Isaac L. Guss, Gabriel M. Widmayer, Clay C. Ravizza, Frank L. BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristua, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Downstream intensification effects associated with CO2 laser mitigation of fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Natl Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO Natl Stand & Technol DE laser-induced damage; fused silica; laser damage mitigation AB Mitigation of 351nm laser-induced damage sites on fused silica exit surfaces by selective CO2 treatment has been shown to effectively arrest the exponential growth responsible for limiting the lifetime of optics in high-fluence laser systems. However, the perturbation to the optical surface profile following the mitigation process introduces phase contrast to the beam, causing some amount of downstream intensification with the potential to damage downstream optics. Control of the laser treatment process and measurement of the associated phase modulation is essential to preventing downstream 'fratricide' in damage-mitigated optical systems. In this work we present measurements of the surface morphology, intensification patterns and damage associated with various CO2 mitigation treatments on fused silica surfaces. Specifically, two components of intensification pattern, one on-axis and another off-axis can lead to damage of downstream optics and are related to rims around the ablation pit left from the mitigation process. It is shown that control of the rim structure around the edge of typical mitigation sites is crucial in preventing damage to downstream optics. C1 [Matthews, Manyalibo J.; Bass, Isaac L.; Guss, Gabriel M.; Widmayer, Clay C.; Ravizza, Frank L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matthews, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6877-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6720 AR 67200A DI 10.1117/12.752948 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHL66 UT WOS:000254141100010 ER PT S AU Hehlen, MP Epstein, RI Patterson, WM AF Hehlen, Markus P. Epstein, Richard I. Patterson, Wendy M. BE Epstein, RI SheikBahae, M TI Synthesis of ultrapure ZBLAN glass for laser refrigeration SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids CY JAN 23-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE optical refrigeration; laser cooling; ZBLAN; fluorozirconate glass; fluorides; ytterbium; purification; solvent extraction; APDC; MIBK; indium oxidizer ID BAY2F8 SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; FLUORIDE GLASSES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXTRACTION; FE; NI; CO; CU AB The fluorozirconate glass ZBLAN:1%Yb3+ was synthesized, for the first time, from fluoride precursors that were individually purified by solvent extraction and hydrofluoric (HF) gas treatment. The synthesis used aqueous solutions of high-purity commercial precursors that were subjected to ultra-filtration followed by solvent extraction using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and methyl-isobutyl-ketone (MIBK). The purified metal fluorides were precipitated and treated in hot HF gas to remove water, hydroxyl (OH-), and oxide impurities. ZBLAN: 1%Yb3+ was fabricated from these precursors by melting under inert atmosphere, yielding glasses with excellent mechanical properties and having a clear, bubble-free, and crystallite-free matrix. The effect of adding 0.5 mol% of In3+ as an oxidizer to suppress the reduction of Zr4+ and the accompanying formation of black precipitates was studied. We found evidence for an oxidizer concentration threshold of similar to 0.8 mol%. Glasses made from purified fluorides formed black precipitates even with the addition of 0.5 mol% In3+, while glasses made from commercial fluorides did not. In the latter, additional oxidizers were likely present in the form of transition-metal impurities. An In3+ oxidizer concentration of >0.8 mol% is expected to eliminate the black precipitates in purified glasses and to yield ZBLAN:Yb3+ glass for efficient laser cooling. C1 [Hehlen, Markus P.; Epstein, Richard I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hehlen, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hehlen@lanl.gov OI Patterson, Wendy/0000-0002-8761-8457 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7082-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6907 AR 69070A DI 10.1117/12.762146 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHM12 UT WOS:000254221100004 ER PT S AU Bemacki, BE Krishnaswami, K Anheier, NC Cannon, BD AF Bemacki, Bruce E. Krishnaswami, Kannan Anheier, Norman C., Jr. Cannon, Bret D. BE Dubinskii, M Wood, GL TI Design and fabrication of efficient collimation and focusing optics for mid-IR quantum cascade lasers - art. no. 69520H SO LASER SOURCE TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security IV CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared lens design; infrared sensing; quantum cascade lasers; beam propagation ID OPERATION; EMISSION AB Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are a new class of solid-state lasers capable of delivering mid-infrared (mid-IR) radiation wavelengths from 3.5 mu m to 25 mu m. QCLs are finding extensive use in chemical sensing applications due to the abundance of absorption features in the molecular fingerprint region spanned by these sources. They are also being exploited in the field of electro-optical infrared countermeasures. QCL devices exhibit an elliptical emission profile that is highly divergent in the fast axis of the laser waveguide. The far-field profile of the QCL emission, 62 degrees and 32 degrees +/- 2 degrees for the fast and slow axes, respectively, places stringent demands on the design of efficient collimation lenses. Because of the current lack of commercially available mid-IR optical components, QCL users must design and fabricate custom micro-optics to efficiently collect, collimate, and focus the QCL emission. In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of germanium aspheric collimating and focusing optics designed for mid-IR Fabry-Perot QCLs with an emission wavelength of 8.77 mu m. Custom aspheric collimating and focusing lenses with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85 and 0.20, respectively, were designed and fabricated using single-point diamond turning. Measurements of the transmitted wavefront error at mid-IR wavelengths showed diffraction-limited performance with Strehl ratios >0.94 and >0.99 for the collimation and focusing lenses, respectively. A beam propagation figure of merit (M-2) of 1.8 and 1.2 was measured for the fast and slow axes, respectively, of a Fabry-Perot QCL using a confocal optical system comprised of these lenses. C1 [Bemacki, Bruce E.; Krishnaswami, Kannan; Anheier, Norman C., Jr.; Cannon, Bret D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bemacki, BE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7143-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6952 BP H9520 EP H9520 DI 10.1117/12.771404 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHX03 UT WOS:000257137500014 ER PT J AU Cheng, RK Levinsky, H AF Cheng, Robert K. Levinsky, Howard BE DunnRankin, D TI Lean Premixed Burners SO LEAN COMBUSTION: TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTENSE ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; LOW-SWIRL BURNER; COMBUSTION; FLAMES; VELOCITY; FLOWS C1 [Cheng, Robert K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Levinsky, Howard] Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Levinsky, Howard] Gasunie Engn & Technol, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Cheng, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-055052-7 PY 2008 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1016/B978-012370619-5.50007-8 PG 17 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BEY49 UT WOS:000318680700006 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW White, C Keller, J AF Schefer, Robert W. White, Christopher Keller, Jay BE DunnRankin, D TI Lean Hydrogen Combustion SO LEAN COMBUSTION: TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXHAUST-GAS RECIRCULATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; FUELED ENGINE; PREMIXED FLAMES; DIESEL-ENGINE; NOX EMISSION; POWER OUTPUT; INJECTION; IGNITION; METHANE C1 [Schefer, Robert W.; White, Christopher; Keller, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 99 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-055052-7 PY 2008 BP 213 EP 254 DI 10.1016/B978-012370619-5.50009-1 PG 42 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BEY49 UT WOS:000318680700008 ER PT S AU Hart, WE Berry, JW Boman, E Phillips, CA Riesen, LA Watson, JP AF Hart, William E. Berry, Jonathan W. Boman, Erik Phillips, Cynthia A. Riesen, Lee Ann Watson, Jean-Paul BE Maniezzo, V Battiti, R Watson, JP TI Limited-Memory Techniques for Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Networks SO LEARNING AND INTELLIGENT OPTIMIZATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Learning and Intelligent Optimization CY DEC 08-12, 2007 CL Trento, ITALY SP Eurotech Grp SpA, ESTECO, ArsLogica, IT Labs, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Local Chapter, Assoc Italiana Intelligenza Artificiale ID DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; MONITORING STATIONS AB The practical utility of optimization technologies is often impacted by factors that reflect how these tools are used in practice, including whether various real-world constraints can be adequately modeled, the sophistication of the analysts applying the optimizer, and related environmental factors (e.g. whether a company is willing to trust predictions from computational models). Other features are less appreciated, but of equal importance in terms of dictating the successful use of optimization. These include the scale of problem instances, which in practice drives the development of approximate solution techniques, and constraints imposed by the target computing platforms. End-users often lack state-of-the-art computers, and thus runtime and memory limitations are often a significant, limiting factor in algorithm design. When coupled with large problem scale, the result is a significant technological challenge. We describe our experience developing and deploying both exact and heuristic algorithms for placing sensors in water distribution networks to mitigate against damage due intentional or accidental introduction of contaminants. The target computing platforms for this application have motivated limited-memory techniques that can optimize large-scale sensor placement problems. C1 [Hart, William E.; Berry, Jonathan W.; Boman, Erik; Phillips, Cynthia A.; Riesen, Lee Ann; Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hart, WE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wehart@sandia.gov; jberry@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; caphill@sandia.gov; lafisk@sandia.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-92694-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5313 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-92695-5_10 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJA69 UT WOS:000264186500010 ER PT S AU Jarrell, M Macridin, A Mikelsons, K Doluweera, DGSP Gubernatis, JE AF Jarrell, M. Macridin, A. Mikelsons, K. Doluweera, D. G. S. P. Gubernatis, J. E. BE Avella, A Mancini, F TI The dynamical cluster approximation with quantum Monte Carlo cluster solvers SO LECTURES ON THE PHYSICS OF STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS XII SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Training Course in the Physics of Strongly Correlated Systems CY OCT 01-12, 2007 CL Salerno, ITALY SP Univ Studi Salerno, Int Inst Adv Sci Studies ER, Campania Reg, COST P16 DE dynamical mean field; cluster; quantum Monte Carlo; maximum entropy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; CORRELATED ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; ANDERSON MODEL; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; LATTICE; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION AB We present a pedagogical discussions of the dynamical mean field (DMFA) and dynamical cluster (DCA) approximations and associated Monte Carlo and entropy-based methods of Bayesian data analysis. The DMFA and DCA methods are developed as coarse-graining approximations and the relationship between the cluster and lattice problems are detailed. The Hirsch-Fye and continuous time Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms are used to solve the cluster problem. The algorithms are discussed, together with methods for efficient measurements and the modifications required by the self-consistency of the DMFA/DCA. Then, several principles of Bayesian data analysis are presented. When coupled with information theory, this analysis produces a precise and systematic way to analytically continue Matsubara-time QMC results to real frequencies. We show how to use Bayesian inference to qualify the solution of the continuation and optimize the inputs. Besides developing the Bayesian formalism, we also present a detailed description of the data qualification, sketch an efficient algorithm to solve for the optimal spectra, give cautionary notes where appropriate, and present two detailed case studies to demonstrate the method. C1 [Jarrell, M.; Macridin, A.; Mikelsons, K.; Doluweera, D. G. S. P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Gubernatis, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theorit Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Jarrell, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Mikelsons, Karlis/C-9147-2015 OI Mikelsons, Karlis/0000-0003-2540-0687 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0535-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1014 BP 34 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHT90 UT WOS:000256347500002 ER PT J AU Bearinger, J AF Bearinger, Jane TI Chaos control on the nanoscale SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bearinger, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bearinger1@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 2008 VL 41 IS 4 BP 361 EP 361 DI 10.1162/leon.2008.41.4.361 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA 334WX UT WOS:000258253400009 ER PT J AU Holt, EA Bench, G AF Holt, Emily A. Bench, Graham TI (14)C/C measurements support Andreev's internode method to determine lichen growth rates in Cladonia stygia (Fr.) Ruoss SO LICHENOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE accelerator mass spectrometry; Cladina; fruticose lichen; lichen age ID RHIZOCARPON-GEOGRAPHICUM; CALOPLACA-TRACHYPHYLLA; CLADINA-STELLARIS; ALASKA; AGE; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; THALLI; RANGE AB Growth rates and the ability to date an organism can greatly contribute to understanding its population biology and community dynamics. In 1954, V.N. Andreev proposed a method to date regularly branched members of Cladonia, a fruticose lichen, using total thallus length and number of internodes. No research, however, has demonstrated the reliability of this technique or compared its estimates to those derived by other means. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of (14)C/C ratios to determine lichen age and growth rate in Cladonia stygia (Fr.) Ruoss collected from north-western Alaska, USA. The average growth rate using (14)C/C ratios was 6.5 mm yr(-1), which was not significantly different from growth rates derived by Andreev's internode method (average = 6.2 mm yr(-1)); thus, suggesting the reliability of Andreev's simple field method for dating lichens. C1 [Holt, Emily A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bench, Graham] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holt, EA (reprint author), 342 East,200 North, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM emilyholt@lifetime.oregonstate.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank S. Miller, S. Nunn and A. Hardman for their support in the field, and T. Guildcrson and the CAMS staff for their help in the laboratory. A. Green provided comments on an earlier version Of the manuscript. We are also grateful to P. Neitlich and the National Park Service who provided support and additional funding for this study. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0024-2829 J9 LICHENOLOGIST JI Lichenologist PY 2008 VL 40 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1017/S0024282908008062 PN 6 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA 380ZK UT WOS:000261504400007 ER PT S AU Graetz, J Reilly, JJ Wegrzyn, J AF Graetz, Jason Reilly, James J. Wegrzyn, James BE Fthenakis, V Dillon, A Savage, N TI Metal hydrides for hydrogen storage SO LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS FOR NEW ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life Cycle Analysis for New Energy Conversion and Storage Systems CY NOV 26-27, 2007 CL Boston, MA ID ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; POLYMORPHS; ALH3; THERMODYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS AB The emergence of a Hydrogen Economy will require the development of new media capable of safely storing hydrogen with high gravimetric and volumetric densities. Metal hydrides and complex metal hydrides, where hydrogen is chemically bonded to the metal atoms in the bulk, offer some hope of overcoming the challenges associated with hydrogen storage. Many of the more promising hydrogen materials are tailored to meet the unique demands of a low temperature automotive fuel cell and are therefore either entirely new (e.g. in structural or chemical composition) or in some new form (e.g. morphology, crystallite size, catalysts). This proceeding presents an overview of some of the challenges associated with metal hydride hydrogen storage and a few new approaches being investigated to address these challenges. C1 [Graetz, Jason; Reilly, James J.; Wegrzyn, James] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Graetz, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-015-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1041 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BHY62 UT WOS:000257463800009 ER PT S AU Whitney, E Dillon, AC Curtis, C Engtrakul, C O'Neill, K Davis, M Simpson, L Jones, K Zhao, YF Kim, YH Zhang, SB Parilla, P AF Whitney, Erin Dillon, Anne C. Curtis, Calvin Engtrakul, Chaiwat O'Neill, Kevin Davis, Mark Simpson, Lin Jones, Kim Zhao, Yufeng Kim, Yong-Hyun Zhang, Shengbai Parilla, Philip BE Fthenakis, V Dillon, A Savage, N TI Novel organometallic fullerene complexes for vehicular hydrogen storage SO LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS FOR NEW ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life Cycle Analysis for New Energy Conversion and Storage Systems CY NOV 26-27, 2007 CL Boston, MA ID C-60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; NANOTUBES; CHEMISTRY; LIGANDS AB Experimental wet chemical approaches have been demonstrated in the synthesis of a new chainlike (C(60)-Fe-C(60)-Fe)(n) complex. This structure has been proposed based on (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, this structure has been shown to have unique binding sites for dihydrogen molecules with the technique of temperature-programmed desorption. The new adsorption sites have binding energies that are stronger than that observed for hydrogen physisorbed on planar graphite, but significantly weaker than a chemical C-H bond. Volumetric measurements at 77 K and 2 bar show a hydrogen adsorption capacity of 0.5 wt%. Interestingly, the BET surface area is similar to 31 m(2)/g after degassing, which is approximately an order of magnitude less than expected given the measured experimental hydrogen capacity. Nitrogen and hydrogen isotherms performed at 75 K also show a marked selectivity for hydrogen over nitrogen for this complex, indicating hidden surface area for hydrogen adsorption. C1 [Whitney, Erin; Dillon, Anne C.; Curtis, Calvin; Engtrakul, Chaiwat; O'Neill, Kevin; Davis, Mark; Simpson, Lin; Jones, Kim; Zhao, Yufeng; Kim, Yong-Hyun; Zhang, Shengbai; Parilla, Philip] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Whitney, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-015-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1041 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BHY62 UT WOS:000257463800011 ER PT S AU Kim, HC Fthenakis, V AF Kim, Hyung Chul Fthenakis, Vasilis BE Fthenakis, V Dillon, A Savage, N TI The fuel cycles of electricity generation: A comparison of land use SO LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS FOR NEW ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life Cycle Analysis for New Energy Conversion and Storage Systems CY NOV 26-27, 2007 CL Boston, MA AB We investigate the area of land used and/or transformed during conventional (i.e., coal, natural gas and nuclear), and renewable fuel cycles (i.e., photovoltaics, wind, biomass, and geothermal). Both direct and indirect land use/transformation are examined in a life cycle framework. For average US insolation, the photovoltaic fuel cycle disturbs the least amount of land per GWh among renewable options, requiring less area than the coal fuel cycle. Renewable technologies could harvest infinite amount of energy per unit area and eliminates the need for restoring disturbed mine lands. Further investigations would be necessary for secondary and accidental land disturbance by conventional fuel cycles through transport of effluents and emissions to adjacent land. C1 [Kim, Hyung Chul; Fthenakis, Vasilis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, PV Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, PV Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-015-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1041 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BHY62 UT WOS:000257463800018 ER PT J AU Mills, E Jacobson, A AF Mills, Evan Jacobson, Arne TI THE NEED FOR INDEPENDENT QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE TESTING OF EMERGING OFF-GRID WHITE-LED ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SO LIGHT & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Mills, Evan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, US DOE, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jacobson, Arne] Humboldt State Univ, Schatz Energy Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Mills, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, US DOE, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emills@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ZNACK PUBLISHING HOUSE PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 648, 10100 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0236-2945 J9 LIGHT ENG JI Light Eng. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 5 EP 24 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 378GG UT WOS:000261308600002 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Clear, RD AF Berman, Sam M. Clear, Robert D. TI PAST VISION STUDIES CAN SUPPORT A NOVEL HUMAN PHOTORECEPTOR SO LIGHT & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; COLOR TEMPERATURE; PUPIL SIZE; MELANOPSIN; MICE; PHOTOPIGMENT; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; PATHWAY; ACUITY C1 [Berman, Sam M.; Clear, Robert D.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sam.berman@gte.net NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ZNACK PUBLISHING HOUSE PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 648, 10100 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0236-2945 J9 LIGHT ENG JI Light Eng. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 378GG UT WOS:000261308600012 ER PT J AU Veitch, JA Newsham, GR Boyce, PR Jones, CC AF Veitch, J. A. Newsham, G. R. Boyce, P. R. Jones, C. C. TI Lighting appraisal, well-being and performance in open-plan offices: A linked mechanisms approach SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE; SATISFACTION; EMPLOYEE AB In two experiments in a simulated office space, temporary office personnel worked under one of six lighting conditions for a day. A previous paper reported the results of statistical tests for lighting conditions effects on perceptions, feelings and task performance. This paper reports mediated regression analyses testing the linked mechanisms by which lighting conditions affect health, well-being and task performance. Combined results from the two statistical approaches show that people who perceived their office lighting as being of higher quality rated the space as more attractive, reported more pleasant mood, and showed greater well-being at the end of the day. Direct-indirect lighting and personal control were favoured. Lighting conditions that improved visibility also improved task performance. C1 [Veitch, J. A.; Newsham, G. R.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Boyce, P. R.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Lighting Res Ctr, Troy, NY USA. [Jones, C. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, Lexington, MA USA. RP Veitch, JA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Bldg M-24,1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM jennifer.veitch@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OI Veitch, Jennifer/0000-0003-3183-4537 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1177/1477153507086279 PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 319AG UT WOS:000257133500005 ER PT J AU Berman, SM AF Berman, Sam M. TI A new retinal photoreceptor should affect lighting practice SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACTION SPECTRUM; GANGLION-CELLS; HUMANS; PUPIL; EXPOSURE; PATHWAY; SIZE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sam.berman@comcast.net NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1177/1477153508097975 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 387RV UT WOS:000261970200009 ER PT S AU Brigmon, RL Morris, P Smith, G AF Brigmon, Robin L. Morris, Penny Smith, Garriet BE Dilek, Y Furnes, H Muehlenbachs, K TI Evaporite Microbial Films, Mats, Microbialites and Stromatolites SO LINKS BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES, MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES & EVOLUTION OF LIFE: MICROBES AND GEOLOGY SE Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pardee Keynote Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Geol Soc Amer ID DEAD-SEA; MARINE STROMATOLITES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SP-NOV; BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS; BIOFILMS; DEPOSITS; BAHAMAS; ISLAND AB Evaporitic environments are found in a variety of depositional settings as early as the Archean. Depositional conditions, microbial communities and mineralogical compositions vary significantly as no two settings are identical. The common thread linking all of the settings is that evaporation exceeds precipitation, resulting in elevated concentrations of cations and anions that are higher than in oceanic systems. The Dead Sea and Storrs Lake are terrestrial examples of two diverse-modern evaporitic settings, as the former is below sea level and the latter is a coastal lake on an island in the Caribbean. Each system varies in water chemistry; the Dead Sea-dissolved ions originate from surface weathered materials, springs, and aquifers while the dissolved ion concentration in Storrs Lake is primarily derived from sea water. Consequently, some of the ions, e.g., Sr, Ba are found at significantly lower concentrations in Storrs Lake than in the Dead Sea. The origin of the dissolved ions are ultimately responsible for the pH of each system, the alkaline versus mildly the acidic. Each system exhibits unique biogeochemical properties as the extreme environments select certain microorganisms. Storrs Lake possesses significant biofilms and stromatolitic deposits; the alkalinity varies, depending on rainfall and storm, activity. The microbial Community in Storrs Lake is much more diverse and active than those observed in the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea waters are mildly acidic, lack stromatolites, and possess a lower density of microbial populations. The general absence of microbial and biofilm fossilization is due to the depletion of HCO3 and its slightly acidic pH. C1 [Brigmon, Robin L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 999W, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 999W, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM r03.brigmon@srnl.doe.gov FU NASA Astrobiology [NAG9-1113, NAG9-1114]; NSF [0516347]; World Bank Global Environmental Fund; [DE-AC09-76SR00001] FX We would like to thank Dr. Donald T. Gerace, Chief Executive Officer, and Vincent Voegeli, Executive Director of the Gerace Research Center, San Salvador, Bahamas, for their support. We thank Christopher Berry and Victoria Stewart of the Savannah River National Laboratory for their analytical support. L. Hulse and Mayra Nelman, NASA-Johnson Space Center for Scanning and Environmental Electron Microscope access, Dr. Carlton C. Allen, NASAJohnson Space Center for XRD analysis, Monica Byrne for many of the Storrs Lake images, coccoid measurements, Dawn Smith for field support at the Dead Sea, and Dr. S. Grasby, Canadian Geological Survey, Calgary for the Dead Sea water analysis. This paper was prepared in connection with work done under a subcontract to Contract No. DE-AC09-76SR00001 with the U.S. Dept. of Energy. The investigation of P. Morris was supported by NASA Astrobiology grant NAG9-1113, NAG9-1114. G. Smith was supported by NSF grant 0516347 and The World Bank Global Environmental Fund to the Coral Disease Working Group NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1682 BN 978-1-4020-8305-1 J9 MOD APPR SOL EARTH S PY 2008 VL 4 BP 197 EP + PG 7 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BIQ42 UT WOS:000262046300007 ER PT S AU Loots, GG AF Loots, Gabriela G. BE VanHeyningen, V Hill, RE TI Genomic Identification of Regulatory Elements by Evolutionary Sequence Comparison and Functional Analysis SO LONG-RANGE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION SE Advances in Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; VAN-BUCHEM-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; LIMB-DEFORMITY; IN-VIVO; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; COORDINATE REGULATOR AB Despite remarkable recent advances in genomics that have enabled us to identify most of the genes in the human genome, comparable efforts to define transcriptional cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression are lagging behind. The difficulty of this task stems from two equally important problems: our knowledge of how regulatory elements are encoded in genomes remains elementary, and there is a vast genomic search space for regulatory elements, since most of mammalian genomes are noncoding. Comparative genomic approaches are having a remarkable impact on the study of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes and currently represent the most efficient and reliable methods of predicting noncoding sequences likely to control the patterns of gene expression. By subjecting eukaryotic genomic sequences to computational comparisons and subsequent experimentation, we are inching our way toward a more comprehensive catalog of common regulatory motifs that lie behind fundamental biological processes. We are still far from comprehending how the transcriptional regulatory code is encrypted in the human genome and providing an initial global view of regulatory gene networks, but collectively, the continued development of comparative and experimental approaches will rapidly expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulome. (C) 2008, Elsevier Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loots, GG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG003963, R01 HG003963-01A2] NR 122 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2660 BN 978-0-12-373881-3 J9 ADV GENET JI Adv. Genet. PY 2008 VL 61 BP 269 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0065-2660(07)00010-7 PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BQB47 UT WOS:000280569600011 PM 18282510 ER PT S AU Whalen, D Van Veelen, B O'Shea, BW Norman, ML AF Whalen, Daniel Van Veelen, Bob O'Shea, Brian W. Norman, Michael L. BE Hunt, LK Madden, S Schneider, R TI Primordial Supernovae and the Assembly of the First Galaxies SO LOW-METALLICITY STAR FORMATION: FROM THE FIRST STARS TO DWARF GALAXIES SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 255th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Rapallo, ITALY SP Int Astron Union, INAF, CEA, Ist Radioastron, Osservatorio Astrofisico Arcetri, City Rapallo, Prov Genova DE cosmology: theory; (cosmology:) early universe; hydrodynamics; stars: early-type; supernovae ID HII-REGIONS; EVOLUTION; STAR AB Current numerical studies suggest that the first protogalaxies formed a few stars at, a time, and were enriched only gradually by the first heavy elementts. However, these models do not resolve primordial supernova (SN) explosions or the mixing of their heavy elements with ambient, gas, which could result in intervening, prompt, generations, of low-mass stars. We present multiscale ID models of Population III supernovae in cosmological minihalos that; evolve the blast, from its earliest, stages as a free expansion. find that; if the star ionizes the halo, the e ejecta strongly interacts with the dense shelf swept up by the H 11 region, potentially cooling and fragmenting it, into clumps that, are gravitationally unstable to collapse. If the star fails to ionize the halo, the explosion propagates metals out to 20 - 40 pc and then collapses, heavily enriching tens of thousands of solar masses of primordial gas, in contrast, to previous models that suggest that, such explosions 'fizzle'. Rapid formation of low-mass stars trapped in the gravitational potential well of the halo is unavoidable in these circumstances. Consequently, it is possible that far more stars were swept up into the first galaxies, at, earlier times and with distinct chemical signatures, than in present, models. Upcoming measurements by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) may discriminate between these two paradigms. C1 [Whalen, Daniel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whalen, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwhalen@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88986-5 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2008 VL 4 IS 255 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1017/S1743921308024678 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIV32 UT WOS:000263139600015 ER PT S AU Furukawa, Y Micotti, E Kumagai, K Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Kogerler, P Timco, GA Winpenny, RPE AF Furukawa, Y. Micotti, E. Kumagai, K. Lascialfari, A. Borsa, F. Kogerler, P. Timco, G. A. Winpenny, R. P. E. BE Ghoshray, A Bandyopadhyay, B TI Local spin moment distribution in molecular nanomagnets V15 and Cr7Cd determined by NMR SO MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetic Materials (ICMM 2007) CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Calcutta, INDIA SP Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Expt Condensed Matter Phys Div DE molecular nanomagnet; nuclear magnetic resonance AB We have carried out nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in two different kinds of molecular nanomagnets, the s=1/2 Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnetic V15 and the heterometallic open antiferromagnetic ring cluster Cr7Cd. From the observation of NMR signal from magnetic ions, local spin moments for each magnetic ion are directly determined and spin structures for the two nanomagnets in its ground state are revealed. C1 [Furukawa, Y.; Kumagai, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Div Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Micotti, E.; Lascialfari, A.; Borsa, F.; Kogerler, P.] CNR, INFM, Dept Phys, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Lascialfari, A.] Univ Milan, Inst Fisiol Gen & Chim Biol, Modena, Italy. [Borsa, F.; Kogerler, P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Borsa, F.; Kogerler, P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Timco, G. A.; Winpenny, R. P. E.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Div Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 FU 21st Century COE Programs "Topological Science and Technology" at Hokkaido University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Sumitomo foundation; US Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-82]; NOEMAGMAGNET FX The present work was in part supported by 21st Century COE Programs "Topological Science and Technology" at Hokkaido University and Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. One of the authors (Y.F.) also thanks the Sumitomo foundation for financial supports. Ames Laboratory is operated for US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract No. W-7405-Eng-82. This work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the Director for Energy Research. The work in Pavia was supported by NOEMAGMAGNET. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0522-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1003 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHP95 UT WOS:000255238500001 ER PT J AU Granite, EJ AF Granite, Evan J. TI Mercury and Other Trace Elements in Fuel: Emissions and Control PREFACE SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Granite, EJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 167 EP 167 DI 10.1080/10241220802659583 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388FN UT WOS:000262005800001 ER PT J AU Feeley, TJ O'Palko, BA Jones, P AF Feeley, T. J., III O'Palko, B. A. Jones, P. TI Developing mercury control technology for coal-fired power plants - from concept to commercial reality SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article CT Joint ACS/AIChE National Meeting 2008 CY APR 05, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACS, AIChE DE mercury capture; activated carbon injection; chemically-treated; calcium bromide; oxidation; commercialization AB The US Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the Office of Fossil Energy's Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program, has managed full-scale field tests of mercury (Hg) control technologies at nearly 50 US coal-fired power plants over the past 7 years. The high performance observed during many of these field tests, coupled with the reliability of Hg control system operations, has given coal-fired power plant operators the confidence to begin deploying technology. As of April 2008, nearly 90 full-scale activated carbon injection (ACI) systems, a signature technology of the IEP Program, have been ordered by US coal-fired power generators. These contracts represent over 44 gigawatts of coal-fired electric generating capacity. The ACI systems have the potential to remove more than 90% of the Hg in most applications, at a cost that can dip below $10,000 per pound of Hg removed. C1 [Jones, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Feeley, T. J., III] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [O'Palko, B. A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Jones, P (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM andrew.jones@sa.netl.doe.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1080/10241220802302556 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388FN UT WOS:000262005800002 ER PT J AU Baltrus, JP Granite, EJ Stanko, DC Pennline, HW AF Baltrus, John P. Granite, Evan J. Stanko, Dennis C. Pennline, Henry W. TI Surface characterization of Pd/Al2O3 sorbents for mercury capture from fuel gas SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint ACS/AIChE National Meeting 2008 CY APR 05, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACS, AIChE DE mercury; palladium; surface characterization; fuel gas; sorbent ID CATALYSTS; XPS; PALLADIUM; DEACTIVATION; SULFIDE AB The surface composition of a series of Pd/alumina sorbents has been characterized to better understand the factors influencing their ability to adsorb mercury from fuel gas. Both a temperature effect and a dispersion effect were found. Maximum adsorption of Hg occurred at the lowest temperature tested, 204 degrees C, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Maximum adsorption of Hg on a per-atom basis of Pd is observed at low loadings of Pd (<8.5% Pd) due to better dispersion of Pd at those loadings; a change in its partitioning occurs at higher loadings. The presence of H2S in the fuel gas acts to promote the adsorption of Hg through its association with Hg in the Pd lattice. C1 [Baltrus, John P.; Granite, Evan J.; Stanko, Dennis C.; Pennline, Henry W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Baltrus, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM john.baltrus@netl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1080/10241220802509432 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388FN UT WOS:000262005800006 ER PT J AU Granite, EJ King, WP Stanko, DC Pennline, HW AF Granite, Evan J. King, William P. Stanko, Dennis C. Pennline, Henry W. TI Implications of mercury interactions with band-gap semiconductor oxides SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article CT Joint ACS/AIChE National Meeting 2008 CY APR 05, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACS, AIChE DE mercury; photocatalyst; band-gap semiconductor oxide; titania; photooxidation ID SOUTH ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SITU-GENERATED TITANIA; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; FLUE-GAS; COASTAL SITE; POLAR SUMMER; PHOTOCHEMICAL REMOVAL; THIEF PROCESS; PARTICLES; SORBENTS AB Titanium dioxide is a well-known photooxidation catalyst. It will oxidize mercury in the presence of ultraviolet light from the sun and oxygen and/or moisture to form mercuric oxide. Several companies manufacture self-cleaning windows. These windows have a transparent coating of titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide is capable of destroying organic contaminants in air in the presence of ultraviolet light from the sun, thereby keeping the windows clean. The commercially available self-cleaning windows were used to sequester mercury from oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. Samples of the self-cleaning glass were placed into specially designed photo-reactors in order to study the removal of elemental mercury from oxygen-nitrogen mixtures resembling air. The possibility of removing mercury from ambient air with a self-cleaning glass apparatus is examined. The intensity of 365-nm ultraviolet light was similar to the natural intensity from sunlight in the Pittsburgh region. Passive removal of mercury from the air may represent an option in lieu of, or in addition to, point source clean-up at combustion facilities. There are several common band-gap semiconductor oxide photocatalysts. Sunlight (both the ultraviolet and visible light components) and band-gap semiconductor particles may have a small impact on the global cycle of mercury in the environment. The potential environmental consequences of mercury interactions with band-gap semiconductor oxides are discussed. Heterogeneous photooxidation might impact the global transport of elemental mercury emanating from flue gases. C1 [Granite, Evan J.; King, William P.; Stanko, Dennis C.; Pennline, Henry W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Granite, EJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM evan.granite@netl.doe.gov NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1080/10241220802630568 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388FN UT WOS:000262005800007 ER PT J AU Li, H Monnell, JD Alvin, M Vidic, RD AF Li, Huixing Monnell, Jason D. Alvin, Maryanne Vidic, Radisav D. TI Factors affecting activated carbon-based catalysts for selective hydrogen sulfide oxidation SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article CT Joint ACS/AIChE National Meeting 2008 CY APR 05, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACS, AIChE DE hydrogen sulfide; oxidation catalyst; activated carbon; IGCC; syngas clean-up; coal gasification ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; OXIDE SORBENTS; PORE STRUCTURE; GAS DESULFURIZATION; H2S ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; REMOVAL; REGENERATION; CAPACITY; KINETICS AB The primary product of coal gasification processes is synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of CO, H(2), CO(2), H(2)O and a number of minor components. Among the most significant minor components in syngas is hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S). In addition to its adverse environmental impact, H(2)S poisons the catalysts and hydrogen purification membranes, and causes severe corrosion in gas turbines. Technologies that can remove H(2)S from syngas and related process streams are, therefore, of considerable practical interest. To meet this need, we work towards understanding the mechanism by which prospective H(2)S catalysts perform in simulated fuel gas conditions. Specifically, we show that for low-temperature gas clean-up (similar to 140 degrees C) using activated carbon fibers and water plays a significant role in H(2)S binding and helps to prolong the lifetime of the material. Basic surface functional groups were found to be imperative for significant conversion of H(2)S to daughter compounds, whereas metal oxides (La and Ce) did little to enhance this catalysis. We show that although thermal regeneration of the material is possible, the regenerated material has a substantially lower catalytic and sorption capacity. C1 [Li, Huixing; Monnell, Jason D.; Alvin, Maryanne; Vidic, Radisav D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Li, Huixing; Monnell, Jason D.; Vidic, Radisav D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Monnell, JD (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM jmonnell@pitt.edu; vidic@pitt.edu OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1080/10241220802509796 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388FN UT WOS:000262005800008 ER PT J AU Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D AF Bracken, Paul Bremmer, Ian Gordon, David BE Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D TI Managing Strategic Surprise Lessons from Risk Management and Risk Assessment Introduction SO MANAGING STRATEGIC SURPRISE: LESSONS FROM RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bracken, Paul] Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gordon, David] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Bracken, Paul] Hudson Inst, Hudson, NY USA. [Bremmer, Ian] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA USA. [Gordon, David] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gordon, David] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, David] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gordon, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bremmer, Ian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, David] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bracken, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88315-3 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511755880.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511755880 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAT03 UT WOS:000305423100001 ER PT J AU Stern, J Wiener, JB AF Stern, Jessica Wiener, Jonathan B. BE Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D TI Precaution against terrorism SO MANAGING STRATEGIC SURPRISE: LESSONS FROM RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECISION-MAKING; PRINCIPLE; RISK; ECONOMICS; DEFENSE; SAFETY C1 [Stern, Jessica] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stern, Jessica] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stern, Jessica] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wiener, Jonathan B.] Duke Univ, Sch Law, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Wiener, Jonathan B.] Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Wiener, Jonathan B.] Duke Ctr Environm Solut, Durham, NC USA. RP Stern, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 146 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88315-3 PY 2008 BP 110 EP 183 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511755880.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511755880 PG 74 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAT03 UT WOS:000305423100005 ER PT J AU Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D AF Bracken, Paul Bremmer, Ian Gordon, David BE Bracken, P Bremmer, I Gordon, D TI Conclusion: managing strategic surprise SO MANAGING STRATEGIC SURPRISE: LESSONS FROM RISK MANAGEMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bracken, Paul] Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bracken, Paul] Hudson Inst, Hudson, NY USA. [Bremmer, Ian] World Policy Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Bremmer, Ian] Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA USA. [Gordon, David] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Gordon, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gordon, David] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, David] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gordon, David] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gordon, David] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gordon, David] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gordon, David] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bremmer, Ian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bracken, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management Strateg Environm Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-88315-3 PY 2008 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511755880.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511755880 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAT03 UT WOS:000305423100010 ER PT S AU Giveon, U Becker, RH Helfand, DJ White, RL Richter, MJ AF Giveon, Uriel Becker, R. H. Helfand, D. J. White, R. L. Richter, M. J. BE Wada, K Combes, F TI New catalogs of radio compact HII regions in the Milky Way SO MAPPING THE GALAXY AND NEARBY GALAXIES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Ishigaki Isl, JAPAN SP Fdn Promot Astronomy, Natl Astron Observ Japan, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Elect, Okinawa Prefecture, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Japan Commun Equipment Corporat, Oshima Prototype Engn Corporat ID GALACTIC PLANE C1 [Giveon, Uriel; Becker, R. H.; Richter, M. J.] Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Becker, R. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore 94566, CA USA. [Helfand, D. J.] Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [White, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Giveon, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-0-387-72767-7 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 322 EP 322 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72768-4_58 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU34 UT WOS:000250578600058 ER PT J AU Walker, BD McCarthy, MD Fisher, AT Guilderson, TP AF Walker, Brett D. McCarthy, Matthew D. Fisher, Andrew T. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition of low-temperature axial and ridge-flank hydrothermal fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved inorganic carbon; hydrothermal; isotope fractionation; bicarbonate removal; endeavour; Juan de Fuca Ridge; Baby Bare; Cascadia Basin ID SEA VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; YOUNG OCEANIC-CRUST; EASTERN FLANK; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; VENT VESTIMENTIFERANS; SUBSEAFLOOR HABITAT; PHASE-SEPARATION; HEAT-FLOW; SYSTEM AB We analyzed stable carbon (delta(13)C) and radiocarbon (Delta(14)C) isotopes of ocean crustal fluid samples from two low-temperature environments on and near the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JDFR), a seafloor spreading center in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The major goals of this work were to resolve relative dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sources and removal processes, and characterize the isotopic signatures of DIC vented to the overlying ocean. DIC was isolated from diffuse vents on the Main Endeavour Field (MEF), on zero age seafloor, and from two ridge-flank sites located 100 km to the east, on 3.5 Ma seafloor; the Baby Bare outcrop and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1026B. Low-temperature MEF fluids were enriched in DIC (3.13 to 5.51 mmol kg(-1)) relative to background seawater (2.6 mmol kg(-1)), and their Delta(14)C and delta(13)C values are consistent with simple two-endmember mixing of pure high-temperature (>= 300 degrees C) hydrothennal fluid and bottom seawater (secondary recharge). These data suggest that no major sedimentary or biological DIC sources are present, however our results do not preclude a minor sedimentary influence on low-temperature MEF vent fluids. DIC Delta(14)C and delta(13)C values of ridge-flank fluids from this area are consistent with an off-axis recharge source, followed by water-rock interaction at moderate temperatures (60-70 degrees C) during flow through basement. An observed offset in radiocarbon ages between fluids from Baby Bare outcrop and Hole 1026B (similar to 1100 yr) is consistent with crustal flow from south to north, at rates similar to those inferred from other geochemical and thermal tracers. The ridge-flank hydrothermal fluids are strongly depleted in DIC and delta(13)C relative to bottom seawater, suggesting more extensive carbon removal in this setting (similar to 5.7 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1)) than has been previously suggested. DIC isotopic depletion is consistent with carbonate vein precipitation in conjunction with a minor addition of CO(2) from basalt vesicles, and suggests that ridge-flank systems may be an important sink for seawater inorganic carbon, and comprise an important global reservoir of isotopically depleted and "pre-aged" DIC. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, Brett D.; McCarthy, Matthew D.; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fisher, Andrew T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Walker, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM bwalker@ucsc.edu RI Walker, Brett/A-8550-2008; Fisher, Andrew/A-1113-2016 OI Walker, Brett/0000-0003-4904-826X; NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.002 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 258MA UT WOS:000252870800010 ER PT J AU Huesermann, MH AF Huesermann, Michael H. TI Ocean fertilization and other climate change mitigation strategies: an overview SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ocean fertilization; climate change mitigation technologies; efficiency; carbon sequestration; renewable energy; cost-benefit analysis; population growth; economic growth ID HUMAN APPROPRIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; DISPOSAL; IMPACTS; ENERGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEQUESTRATION; STABILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB In order to evaluate ocean fertilization in the larger context of other proposed strategies for reducing the threat of the global warming, a wide range of different climate change mitigation approaches are compared in terms of their long-term potential, stage of development, relative costs and potential risks, as well as public acceptance. This broad comparative analysis is carried out for the following climate change mitigation strategies: supply-side and end-use efficiency improvements, terrestrial and geological carbon sequestration, CO2 ocean disposal and iron fertilization, nuclear power, and renewable energy generation from biomass, passive solar, solar thermal, photovoltaics, hydroelectric and wind. In addition, because of the inherent problems of conducting an objective comparative cost-benefit analysis, 2 non-technological solutions to global warming are also discussed: curbing population growth and transitioning to a steady-state economy. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesermann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 364 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps07545 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 342VD UT WOS:000258810800023 ER PT J AU Nikolic, I Radmilovic, V Sholklapper, TZ Blecic, D AF Nikolic, Irena Radmilovic, Velimir Sholklapper, Toll Z. Blecic, Dragojub TI Using a fib to prepare Al(OH)(3) samples for the TEM SO MATERIALI IN TEHNOLOGIJE LA English DT Article DE focused ion beam; Al(OH)(3); milling; deposition; sample preparation AB One of the basic applications of a focused ion beam (FIB) tool is the preparation of samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. A dual-beam FIB system combines multiple experimental systems within the same chamber and the combinations of different techniques can be accommodated by unique sample preparation, manipulation and analysis methods. The system contains both the focused Ga+ ion beam and a field-emission scanning electron column. In this paper we described a procedure for preparing AI(OH)3 samples for TEM analysis using a FIB. C1 [Nikolic, Irena; Blecic, Dragojub] Univ Montenegro, Fac Technol & Met, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro. [Radmilovic, Velimir] Univ Calif Berkeley, NCEM, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sholklapper, Toll Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, NCEM, MSSM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nikolic, I (reprint author), Univ Montenegro, Fac Technol & Met, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro. EM irena@cg.ac.yu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ZA KOVINSKE MATERIALE I IN TEHNOLOGIE PI LJUBJANA PA LEPI POT 11, LJUBJANA, 10000, SLOVENIA SN 1580-2949 J9 MATER TEHNOL JI Mater. Tehnol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 289LM UT WOS:000255056000006 ER PT J AU Kish, JR Eng, P Singbeil, DL Keiser, JR AF Kish, Joseph R. Eng, Philip Singbeil, Douglas L. Keiser, James R. TI Sulphidation resistance of composite boiler tube materials SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE sulphidation; corrosion; recovery boiler; composite tube ID KRAFT RECOVERY BOILERS; LOWER FURNACE CORROSION; ALLOYS AB A lab-based testing program was undertaken to generate data to better define the sulphidation resistance of composite tubes installed in the lower-furnace section of black liquor recovery boilers. All composite tube cladding alloys tested were observed to have an acceptable corrosion rate at normal operating temperatures (up to 400 C) in the synthetic lower-furnace gaseous environment tested (1% H(2)S-99% N(2)) This acceptable corrosion resistance is due to the expected formation of a relatively protective chromium-rich inner sulphide scale. An increase in temperature up to 560 C was found to significantly increase the corrosion rate. Of the various alloys tested, Alloy HR11N exhibited the lowest corrosion rate at each of the three temperatures tested. Moreover, the corrosion rate was found not to be strongly dependent on the fabrication route (weld overlay versus co-extruded). To minimize corrosion, operating conditions that promote prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures in the lower-furnace section of black liquor recovery boilers should be avoided, regardless of the type of composite tube installed. C1 [Kish, Joseph R.; Eng, Philip; Singbeil, Douglas L.] FPInnovat Paprican, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L9, Canada. [Keiser, James R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singbeil, DL (reprint author), FPInnovat Paprican, 3800 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L9, Canada. EM Douglas.Sinbeil@fpinovations.ca FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Industrial Technologies Program; Industrial Materials for the Future (IMF); Forest Products Industries of the Future [1017]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Industrial Technologies Program, Industrial Materials for the Future (IMF) and the Forest Products Industries of the Future (1017) and was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Thanks also to E. Jang and M. Chen (FPInnovations - Paprican), for the digital imaging. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.3184/096034008X330798 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 378XT UT WOS:000261359000002 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Wright, IG AF Hsueh, C. H. Wright, I. G. TI Origins of tensile stress-induced circumferential cracking of waterwall tubes in boilers SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE waterwall tubes; boiler; cracking; creep; stresses AB The leakage and rupture of boiler tubes in power plants is a serious problem that can lead to unscheduled and costly outages. The predominant failure location of current concern is circumferential cracking on the fireside of waterwall tubes in the furnace waterwall section of a boiler. Although there is basic agreement that cracking results from a combination of thermal fatigue and corrosion, a complete explanation of the basic phenomena needed to establish the root causes of this problem is lacking. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the sources of the tensile stress responsible for initiating circumferential cracking and to identify the key parameters controlling this tensile stress. The results of analytical modelling suggested that a combination of increasing tube wall temperature with increasing thickness of internal oxide layers, and temperature spiking due to deslagging events eventually may result in tensile stresses sufficient to crack the fireside oxide and initiate the development of circumferential cracks. This scenario also led to suggestions for reducing tensile stresses in waterwall tubes which, in turn, would be expected to delay/avoid circumferential cracking and improve the reliability of waterwall tubes. C1 [Hsueh, C. H.; Wright, I. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (CHH); U.S. Department of Energy; Fossil Energy Program (IGW) [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors thank Drs A.S. Sabau and B.A. Pint for reviewing this article. This work was jointly supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (CHH), and U.S. Department of Energy, Fossil Energy Program (IGW) under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.3184/096034008X394428 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 395BR UT WOS:000262497700006 ER PT S AU Caro, A AF Caro, A. BE Ghetta, V Gorse, D Maziere, D Pontikis, V TI The computational modeling of alloys: From ab initio calculations and thermodynamics to heterogeneous precipitation SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR GENERATION IV SYSTEMS: STATUS, OPEN QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems CY SEP 24-OCT 06, 2007 CL Inst Etudes Sci Cargese, Corsica, FRANCE SP NATO HO Inst Etudes Sci Cargese DE computational thermodynamics; free energy; FeCr; precipitation; Monte Carlo ID FE-CU ALLOYS AB This paper gives an introductory view of some methods of computational thermodynamics to study equilibrium finite temperature properties of model systems. We present a methodology to obtain free energies from empirical potentials and applied it to the study of the phase diagram of FeCr. As an application, we use Metropolis Monte Carlo to analyze homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of the Cr rich solid solution alpha'. C1 [Caro, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Caro, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-1-4020-8421-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2008 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8422-5_8 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHT73 UT WOS:000256301500008 ER PT S AU Zinkle, SJ AF Zinkle, S. J. BE Ghetta, V Gorse, D Maziere, D Pontikis, V TI Microstructures and mechanical properties of irradiated metals and alloys SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR GENERATION IV SYSTEMS: STATUS, OPEN QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B - Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems CY SEP 24-OCT 06, 2007 CL Inst Etudes Sci Cargese, Corsica, FRANCE SP NATO HO Inst Etudes Sci Cargese DE dislocation loops; displacement cascades; void swelling; radiation hardening; flow localization; fracture toughness embrittlement; structural materials; ferritic/martensitic steels ID REACTOR STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; FERRITIC-MARTENSITIC STEELS; STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRON; CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; FUSION APPLICATIONS; DOSE DEPENDENCE AB The effects of neutron irradiation on the microstructural evolution of metals and alloys are reviewed, with an emphasis on the roles of crystal structure, neutron dose and temperature. The corresponding effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical properties of metals and alloys are summarized, with particular attention on the phenomena of low temperature radiation hardening and embrittlement. The prospects of developing improved high-performance structural materials with high resistance to radiation-induced property degradation are briefly discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-1-4020-8421-8 J9 NATO SCIENCE PEACE S PY 2008 BP 227 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8422-5_11 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHT73 UT WOS:000256301500011 ER PT S AU Bulatov, VV AF Bulatov, V. V. BE Ghetta, V Gorse, D Maziere, D Pontikis, V TI Crystal plasticity from dislocation dynamics SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR GENERATION IV SYSTEMS: STATUS, OPEN QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B - Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems CY SEP 24-OCT 06, 2007 CL Inst Etudes Sci Cargese, Corsica, FRANCE SP NATO HO Inst Etudes Sci Cargese DE crystal plasticity; dislocation theory; dislocation dynamics; computer simulations; numerical algorithms; irradiated materials AB This contribution overviews the premise and the promise of Dislocation Dynamics (DD) as a method for direct calculation of plasticity and strength of single crystals from the underlying motion of dislocation lines. First, a few aspects of dislocation physics more relevant for the DD method development will be discussed followed by a brief introduction of several key algorithmic and numerical aspects of the DD method. Then, specific examples of applications of the DD method will be given to illustrate the method's ability to capture the essential physics of collective dislocation motion. The primary focus will be on BCC metals where several key results have recently emerged from DD simulations. Finally, the method's applicability to simulations of irradiated metals and alloys will be discussed along with the associated method development issues. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bulatov, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-1-4020-8421-8 J9 NATO SCIENCE PEACE S PY 2008 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8422-5_14 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHT73 UT WOS:000256301500014 ER PT S AU Borek, T Mowry, C Dean, G AF Borek, Theodore Mowry, Curtis Dean, Glenna BE Vandiver, PB McCarthy, B Tykot, RH RuvalcabaSil, JL Casadio, F TI Analysis of Modern and Ancient Artifacts for the Presence of Corn Beer; Dynamic Headspace Testing of Pottery Sherds from Mexico and New Mexico SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VIII SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A large volume-head space apparatus that permits the heating of pottery fragments for direct analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is described here. A series of fermented-com beverages were produced in modem clay pots and the pots were analyzed to develop organic-species profiles for comparison with fragments of ancient pottery. Brewing pots from the Tarahumara of northern Mexico, a tribe that produces a corn-based fermented beverage, were also examined for volatile residues and the organic-species profiles were generated. Finally, organic species were generated from ancient potsherds from an archeological site and compared with the modem spectra. The datasets yielded similar organic species, many of which were identified by computer matching of the resulting mass spectra with the NIST mass spectral library. Additional analyses are now underway to highlight patterns of organic species common to all the spectra. This presentation demonstrates the utility of thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS for detecting fermentation residues in the fabric of unglazed archaeological ceramics after centuries of burial. C1 [Borek, Theodore; Mowry, Curtis] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-988-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1047 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BIO11 UT WOS:000261325700015 ER PT J AU Rawers, J Duttlinger, N AF Rawers, J. Duttlinger, N. TI Mechanical and hardness evaluations of Fe-18Cr-18Mn alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; carbon; manganese; stainless steels microstructure; tensile; hardness AB A series of Fe-18Cr-18Mn-N-C alloys was produced and evaluated to determine their mechanical and hardness properties. In one group, different levels of nitrogen and carbon were added to a base composition of Fe-18Cr-18Mn. The base Fe-18Cr-18Mn alloy had a fcc-bcc duplex microstructure. The addition Of nitrogen and carbon stabilised the fcc phase. These alloys had increasing room temperature hardness, strength, and failure energy with increasing interstitial concentrations. At cryogenic and elevated temperatures, these alloys had increasing hardness (and by implication, increased strength) with increasing interstitial concentrations. In a second group, different levels of nitrogen and carbon were added to the base Fe-18Cr-18Mn composition to which minor solid solution additions of silicon, molybdenum, and nickel had been added. Minor alloy additions made only nominal improvement to mechanical and hardness properties. Nitrogen remained interstitial. However, these minor solid solution additions reduced carbon solubility resulting in the formation of M23C6 precipitates that, while increasing alloy hardness and strength, greatly reduced fracture toughness. The present study suggests that replacing nickel with manganese in stainless steels results not only in more economical alloys but also in alloys with higher strength and hardness. C1 [Rawers, J.; Duttlinger, N.] US DOE, NETL, Albany, OR USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Albany, OR USA. EM James.Rawers@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.2179/174328407X248488 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 264TJ UT WOS:000253313000014 ER PT S AU Rong, LB Feng, ZL Perelson, AS AF Rong, Libin Feng, Zhilan Perelson, Alan S. BE Mondaini, RP Pardalos, PM TI Mathematical Modeling of HIV-1 Infection and Drug Therapy SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BIOSYSTEMS SE Applied Optimization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Human immunodeficiency; antiretroviral therapy; viral equilibrium; viral load decays; drug resistance; virus dynamics ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; INTRACELLULAR DELAY; VIRAL DYNAMICS; LATENT RESERVOIR AB Mathematical models have made significant contributions to our understanding of HIV-1 dynamics. Many important features of the interaction between virus particles and cells have been determined by fitting mathematical models to experimental data. In this chapter, we begin with a brief review of some basic models used to study viral infection and estimate parameters that govern viral production and viral clearance. We then discuss recent developments in the modeling of HIV-1 dynamics and antiretroviral response. We focus on the impact of various classes of antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the viral replication cycle. We also discuss how drug treatment affects the emergence of drug resistance during treatment, and how a low level of virus and latently infected cells can persist in infected individuals for a prolonged period of time despite an apparently effective antiretroviral therapy. C1 [Rong, Libin; Feng, Zhilan] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rong, LB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rong@math.purdue.edu; zfeng@math.purdue.edu; asp@lanl.gov NR 107 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1384-6485 BN 978-3-540-76783-1 J9 APPL OPTIM PY 2008 VL 102 BP 87 EP 131 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-76784-8 PG 45 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BKD34 UT WOS:000267813300003 ER PT J AU Bauer, AL Hogue, IB Marino, S Kirschner, DE AF Bauer, Amy L. Hogue, Ian B. Marino, Simeone Kirschner, Denise E. TI The Effects of HIV-1 Infection on Latent Tuberculosis SO MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE HIV; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; macrophages; uncertainty analysis; sensitivity analysis; mathematical model; immunology AB Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to infectious diseases in the world today, and it is increasing due to co-infection with HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS. Here, we examine the impact that HIV-1 infection has on persons with latent tuberculosis. Based on previous work, we develop a mathematical model of an adaptive immune response in the lung which considers relevant immune effectors such as macrophages, various sub-populations of T-cells, and key cytokines to predict which mechanisms are important to HIV-1 infection induced reactivation of tuberculosis. Our results indicate that persons latently infected with TB who are subsequently co-infected with HIV-1 will suffer reactive TB. The mechanisms that contribute to this are essentially related to a completely different cytokine environment at the onset of HIV-1 infection due to the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our analysis suggests that macrophages play an important role during co-infection and decreases in macrophage counts are coupled to a decline in CD4(+) T-cells and increased viral loads. These mechanisms are also coupled to lower recruitment of T-cells and macrophages, compromising protective immunity in the lung and eventually leading to TB reactivation. These results point to potential targets for drug and vaccine therapies. C1 [Hogue, Ian B.; Marino, Simeone; Kirschner, Denise E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bauer, Amy L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bauer, Amy L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kirschner, DE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kirschne@umich.edu FU [HL68526]; [HL72682]; [LM00902701] FX This work was supported under grant numbers HL68526, HL72682, and LM00902701. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0973-5348 J9 MATH MODEL NAT PHENO JI Math. Model. Nat. Phenom. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 SI SI BP 229 EP 266 DI 10.1051/mmnp:2008051 PG 38 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V15XJ UT WOS:000207834400014 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Antaki, JF AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Antaki, James F. TI An Anisotropic Constitutive Equation for the Stress Tensor of Blood Based on Mixture Theory SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID VALUED ISOTROPIC FUNCTIONS; NON-LINEAR DIFFUSION; FLUID-SOLID MIXTURE; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; PLATELET DEPOSITION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONTINUUM-THEORIES; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS; COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION; REPRESENTATION THEOREM AB Based on ideas proposed by Massoudi and Rajagopal (M-R), we develop a model for blood using the theory of interacting continua, that is, the mixture theory. We first provide a brief review of mixture theory, and then discuss certain issues in constitutive modeling of a two-component mixture. In the present formulation, we ignore the biochemistry of blood and assume that blood is composed of red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in plasma, where the plasma behaves as a linearly viscous fluid and the RBCs are modeled as an anisotropic nonlinear density-gradient-type fluid. We obtain a constitutive relation for blood, based on the simplified constitutive relations derived for plasma and RBCs. A simple shear flow is discussed, and an exact solution is obtained for a very special case; for more general cases, it is necessary to solve the nonlinear coupled equations numerically. Copyright (C) 2008 M. Massoudi and J. F. Antaki. C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Antaki, James F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM mehrdad.massoudi@netl.doe.gov RI Antaki, James/S-3051-2016 OI Antaki, James/0000-0002-5430-7353 NR 131 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1024-123X EI 1563-5147 J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2008 AR 579172 DI 10.1155/2008/579172 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 371EJ UT WOS:000260814300001 ER PT J AU Carlson, BC AF Carlson, B. C. TI Power series for inverse Jacobian elliptic functions SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE inverse Jacobian elliptic function; symmetric elliptic integral; Legendre polynomial AB The 12 inverse Jacobian elliptic functions are expanded in power series by using properties of the symmetric elliptic integral of the first kind. Suitable notation allows three series to include all 12 cases, three of which have been given previously. All coefficients are polynomials in the modulus k that are homogeneous variants of Legendre polynomials. The four series in each of three subsets have the same coefficients in terms of k. C1 [Carlson, B. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Carlson, B. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Carlson, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bcarlson@scl.ameslab.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2008 VL 77 IS 263 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-07-02049-2 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 325AB UT WOS:000257559400018 ER PT J AU Draganescu, A Dupont, TF AF Draganescu, Andrei Dupont, Todd F. TI Optimal order multilevel preconditioners for regularized ill-posed problems SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE multilevel methods; inverse problems; parabolic equations ID SMOOTHING PROPERTY; MULTIGRID METHOD; V-CYCLE; EQUATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB In this article we design and analyze multilevel preconditioners for linear systems arising from regularized inverse problems. Using a scale-independent distance function that measures spectral equivalence of operators, it is shown that these preconditioners approximate the inverse of the operator to optimal order with respect to the spatial discretization parameter h. As a consequence, the number of preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations needed for solving the system will decrease when increasing the number of levels, with the possibility of performing only one. ne-level residual computation if h is small enough. The results are based on the previously known two-level preconditioners of Rieder (1997) (see also Hanke and Vogel (1999)), and on applying Newton-like methods to the operator equation X-1 - A = 0. We require that the associated forward problem has certain smoothing properties; however, only natural stability and approximation properties are assumed for the discrete operators. The algorithm is applied to a reverse-time parabolic equation, that is, the problem of finding the initial value leading to a given final state. We also present some results on constructing restriction operators with preassigned approximating properties that are of independent interest. C1 [Draganescu, Andrei] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87125 USA. [Dupont, Todd F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Draganescu, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM draga@math.umbc.edu; t-dupont@uchicago.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2008 VL 77 IS 264 BP 2001 EP 2038 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-08-02100-5 PG 38 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 330NB UT WOS:000257949000006 ER PT S AU Myers, DS Melgaard, DK Byrne, RH Lewis, PJ AF Myers, Daniel S. Melgaard, David K. Byrne, Raymond H. Lewis, Phillip J. BE Schmalz, MS Ritter, GX Barrera, J Astola, JT TI Impact of wavelet types on image data characteristics during compression SO MATHEMATICS OF DATA/IMAGE PATTERN RECOGNITION, COMPRESSION, AND ENCRYPTION WITH APPLICATIONS XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression, Coding, and Encryption X, with Applications XI CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wavelets; compression; target detection; remote sensing; space-based sensors; target characteristics AB we examine the effects of wavelet compression on target detection algorithms when the targets are single-pixel point sources modulated by the point-spread of an optical system. The experimental data combines frames collected from a multispectral sensor with simulated targets based on an Airy function. We studied several different types of wavelets and found that the Daubechies 2 wavelet resulted in the best overall target detection and fewest false alarms with increasing compression. Results show that wavelet compression may decrease pixel intensities, increase target signal-to-noise ratio, and reduce false detections. Consequently it may negatively affect target detection unless the detector is designed to take the decreased intensity into account. C1 [Myers, Daniel S.; Melgaard, David K.; Byrne, Raymond H.; Lewis, Phillip J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7295-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7075 AR 707505 DI 10.1117/12.801377 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics; Optics GA BIZ45 UT WOS:000263956300003 ER PT J AU Fuchs, RK Allen, MR Ruppel, ME Diab, T Phipps, RJ Miller, LM Burr, DB AF Fuchs, Robyn K. Allen, Matt R. Ruppel, Meghan E. Diab, Tamim Phipps, Roger J. Miller, Lisa M. Burr, David B. TI In situ examination of the time-course for secondary mineralization of Haversian bone using synchrotron Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy SO MATRIX BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE secondary mineralization; primary mineralization; FTIRM; cortical bone; animal model; carbonate; phosphate ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; GROWING-RABBITS; DENSITY; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; OSTEOPOROSIS; MASS; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT; MATURATION AB At the tissue level it is well established that the rate of remodeling is related to the degree of mineralization. However, it is unknown how long it takes for an individual bone structural unit (BSU) to become fully mineralized during secondary mineralization. Using synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) we examined the time required for newly formed bone matrix to reach a physiological mineralization limit. Twenty-six, four-month old female New Zealand white rabbits were administered up to four different fluorochrome labels at specific time points to evaluate the chemical composition of labeled osteons from the tibial diaphysis that had mineralized for 1, 8, 18, 35, 70, 105, 140, 175, 210, 245, 280, 315, 350, and 385 days. Interstitial bone from 505 day old rabbits was used as a reference value for the physiological limit to which bone mineralizes. Using synchrotron FTIRM, area integrations were carried out on protein (Amide I: 1688-1623 cm(-1)), carbonate (v(2)CO(3)(2-): 905-825 cm(-1)), and phosphate (v(4)PO(4)(3-): 650-500 cm(-1)) IR bands. IR spectral data are presented as ratios of phosphate/protein (overall matrix mineralization) and carbonate/protein. The rate of mineralization of osteonal bone proceeded rapidly between day I and 18, reaching 67% of interstitial bone levels. This was followed by a slower, more progressive accumulation of mineral up to day 350. By 350 days the rate of increase plateaued. The ratio of carbonate/protein also increased rapidly during the first 18 days, reaching 73% of interstitial bone levels. The ratio of carbonate/protein plateaued by day 315, reaching levels not significantly different to interstitial bone levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that bone accumulates mineral rapidly during the first 18 days (primary mineralization), followed by a more gradual increase in the accumulation of mineral (secondary mineralization) which we found to be completed in 350 days. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V./International Society of Matrix Biology. All rights reserved. C1 [Fuchs, Robyn K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Fuchs, Robyn K.; Allen, Matt R.; Diab, Tamim; Burr, David B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ruppel, Meghan E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Phipps, Roger J.] Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Mason, OH USA. [Miller, Lisa M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Burr, David B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Fuchs, RK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Coleman Hall 306, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rfuchs@iupui.edu; matallen@iupui.edu; ruppel@bnl.gov; tdiab@iupui.edu; phipps.rj@pg.com; lmiller@bnl.gov; dburr@iupui.edu RI Allen, Matthew/A-8799-2015 OI Allen, Matthew/0000-0002-1174-9004 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR7581-09] NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0945-053X J9 MATRIX BIOL JI Matrix Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.07.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 266AV UT WOS:000253404200005 PM 17884405 ER PT S AU Kondo, S Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Kondo, Sosuke Katoh, Yutai Kohyama, Akira BE LaraCurzio, E TI STOICHIOMETRIC CONSTRAINT FOR DISLOCATION LOOP GROWTH IN SILICON CARBIDE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID IRRADIATION AB A stoichiometric constraint effects on Frank loop growth in beta-SiC during irradiation were studied by ion beam irradiation, transmission electron microscopy, and calculation based on a kinetic model Tilted-ion beam (5 I MeV Si2+) was irradiated at 1000 C to induce lattice damage and to implant additional Si interstitial atoms simultaneously Growth rate of the loops observed within the damaged region appeared to be positively correlated with the deposition rate of Si ions Analysts based on a kinetic model showed that a small amount of deposited excess Si substantially increased the net flux of Si interstitials, which believed to govern the loop growth rate The experimental and computational results confirm the stoichiometric constraint effect on Frank loop growth in SIC, and that availability of Si interstitial atoms determines the Frank loop growth rate in most irradiation conditions C1 [Kondo, Sosuke; Katoh, Yutai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kohyama, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Kondo, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500010 ER PT S AU Nozawa, T Lara-Curzio, E Katoh, Y Shinavski, RJ AF Nozawa, Takashi Lara-Curzio, Edgar Katoh, Yutai Shinavski, Robert J. BE LaraCurzio, E TI TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED SiC/SiC COMPOSITES FOR NUCLEAR CONTROL ROD APPLICATIONS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE; CRACKING AB Recent progress toward development of irradiation resistant SiC/SiC composites has shown great promise for their application in nuclear systems In this paper we report the results of a study on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of a nuclear grade SiC/SiC composite, which is being considered as a candidate control rod material for a very-high temperature gas-cooled reactor Specifically this study evaluates the anisotropy in tensile properties of the composites to provide a basis of the practical component design The materials were satin woven or biaxially braided Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S fiber reinforced chemical-vapor-infiltrated (CVI) SiC matrix composites with multilayered interphase Results indicate excellent axial and off-axial tensile fracture behaviors for the satin woven composites In contrast the braided composites failed at unexpectedly lower stresses The primary cause for this difference was the varied in-plane shear properties on which off-axial tensile properties significantly depend Superior in-plane shear properties for the satin woven composites were achieved by increasing the volume fraction of transverse fibers normal to the fracture plane Considering the failure modes depend on the off-axis angle the anisotropy of proportional limit tensile stress and fracture strength were preliminary evaluated by a simple stress criterion model It is worth noting that specimen size effect on axial and oft axial tensile properties seems very minor for nuclear grade SiC/SiC composites with rigid CVI-SiC matrix C1 [Nozawa, Takashi; Lara-Curzio, Edgar; Katoh, Yutai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nozawa, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 223 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500023 ER PT S AU Katoh, Y Snead, L Golubov, S AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance Golubov, Stas BE LaraCurzio, E TI ANALYZING IRRADIATION-INDUCED CREEP OF SILICON CARBIDE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE AB Irradiation creep which is among the major lifetime-limiting mechanisms for nuclear structural materials, is stress-driven anisotropic plastic deformation occurring in excess of thermal creep deformation in radiation environments In this work experimental irradiation creep data for beta-phase silicon carbide (SIC) irradiated at intermediate temperatures is analyzed using a kinetic model with an assumed linear coupling of creep strain rate with the rate of self interstitial atom (SIA) absorption at SIA clusters The model reasonably explains the experimentally observed time-dependent creep rate of ion-irradiated SIC and swelling evolution of ion and neutron-irradiated SIC Bend stress relaxation behavior during irradiation was then simulated using the developed model to examine the experimental data obtained by neutron irradiation experiments Recommended directions of future experiment are provided to further verify and improve the models and assumptions in this work C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance; Golubov, Stas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500030 ER PT S AU Hemrick, JG Xu, J Peters, KM Liu, XB Barber, E AF Hemrick, James G. Xu, Jing Peters, Klaus Markus Liu, Xingbo Barber, Ever BE LaraCurzio, E TI WETTING AND REACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AL(2)O(3)/SIC COMPOSITE REFRACTORIES BY MOLTEN ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOY SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; AL-ALLOYS; SYSTEM; WETTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; PENETRATION; COPPER AB The reactive wetting behavior in molten aluminum (Al) and Al alloy was investigated for alumina silicon carbide composite refractory materials using an optimized sessile drop method at 900 degrees C in a purified Ar-4% H-2 atmosphere The time dependent behavior of the contact angle and drop geometry was monitored and the wetting kinetics were determined The initial contact angle between the liquid Al/Al alloy and the refractory substrates was found to be greater than 90 degrees and to gradually decrease with time For two of the materials, it was found that the contact angles decreased to and angle less than 90 degrees by the end of the two-hour test For the third material the contact angle was still greater than 90 degrees at the conclusion of the two-hour test The difference in wetting properties among the three types of refractories is attributed to their microstructural and compositional variations The effect of magnesium in the molten Al alloy drops on the wetting kinetics and the reaction with the refractory substrates are also discussed The results obtained provide Important understanding of the wetting and corrosion mechanisms of alumina and silicon carbide materials in contact with molten aluminum C1 [Hemrick, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. FU ORNL; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36- 04GO14038]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Industrial Technologies Program FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of Randy Parton, Randy Howell, and Donny McInturff of ORNL in support of the work described in this paper. The efforts of Edgar Lara-Curzio, HT Lin, and Jim Keiser in reviewing this document are also appreciated. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Industrial Technologies Program, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-FC36- 04GO14038. Part of this papers results was presented at The 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Daytona Beach, FL, January 21, 2007. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 347 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500035 ER PT S AU Corral, EL Ayala, AA Loehman, RE AF Corral, Erica L. Ayala, Alicia A. Loehman, Ronald E. BE LaraCurzio, E TI EVALUATION OF OXIDATION PROTECTION TESTING METHODS ON ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC COATINGS FOR CARBON-CARBON OXIDATION RESISTANCE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB The development of carbon-carbon (C-C) composites for aerospace applications has prompted the need for ways to improve the poor oxidation resistance of these materials In order to evaluate and test materials to be used as thermal protection system (TPS) material the need for readily available and reliable testing methods are critical to the success of materials development efforts With the purpose to evaluate TPS materials, three testing methods were used to assess materials at high temperatures (> 2000 degrees C) and heat flux in excess of 200 Wcm(2) The first two methods are located at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories which are the Solar Furnace Facility and the Solar Tower Facility The third method is an oxyacetylene torch set up according to ASTM E285 80 with oxidizing flame control and maximum achievable temperatures in excess of 2000 degrees C In this study liquid precursors to ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have been developed Into multilayer coatings on C C composites and evaluated using the oxidation testing methods The tests will be discussed in detail and correlated with preliminary materials evaluation results with the aim of presenting an understanding of the testing environment on the materials evaluated for oxidation resistance C1 [Corral, Erica L.; Ayala, Alicia A.; Loehman, Ronald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Corral, EL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1001 Univ Blvd SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500036 ER PT S AU Sun, JG Trethewey, JS Phillips, NSL Vanderspiegel, NN Jensen, JA AF Sun, J. G. Trethewey, J. S. Phillips, N. S. L. Vanderspiegel, N. N. Jensen, J. A. BE LaraCurzio, E TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMIC VALVES FROM ENGINE DURATION TEST SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB In this study we investigated impact and wear damage in silicon-nitride ceramic valves that were subjected to an engine duration test in a natural gas engine A high-speed automated laser scattering system was developed for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of 10 SN235P silicon-nitride valves The NDE system scans the entire valve surface and generates a two dimensional scattering image that is used to identify the location, size, and relative severity of subsurface damage in the valves NDE imaging data were obtained at before and at 100 and 500 hours of the engine duration test The NDE data were analyzed and compared with surface photomicrographs Wear damage was found in the impact surface of all valves especially for exhaust valves However, the NDE examinations did not detect subsurface damage such as cracks or spalls in these engine-tested valves C1 [Sun, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 371 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500037 ER PT S AU Tandon, R Neilsen, MK Jones, TC Mahoney, JF AF Tandon, Rajan Neilsen, Michael K. Jones, Timothy C. Mahoney, James F. BE LaraCurzio, E TI GLASS-TO-METAL (GTM) SEAL DEVELOPMENT USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL MODELS AND DESIGN CHANGES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Glass-to-metal (GTM) seals maintain hermeticity while allowing the passage of electrical signals Typically, these seals are comprised of one or more metal pins encapsulated in a glass which is contained in a metal shell In compression seals, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal shell is greater than the glass and the glass is expected to be in compression Recent development builds of a multi pin GTM seal revealed severe cracking of the glass with cracks originating at or near the pin-glass interface, and propagating circumferentially A series of finite element analyses (FEA) was performed for this seal With the material set 304 stainless steel (SS304) shell Schott S-8061 (or equivalent) glass, and Alloy 52 pins Stress-strain data for both metals was fit by linear-hardening and power-law hardening plasticity models The glass layer thickness and its location with respect to geometrical features in the shell were varied Several additional design changes in the shell were explored Results reveal that (1) plastic deformation in the small strain regime in the metals lead to radial tensile stresses in glass (2) small changes in the mechanical behavior of the metals dramatically change the calculated stresses in the glass, and (3) seemingly minor design changes in the shell geometry influence the stresses in the glass significantly Based on these results, guidelines for materials selection and design of seals are provided C1 [Tandon, Rajan; Neilsen, Michael K.; Jones, Timothy C.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tandon, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Administration under Contract-DE-AC04-94AL85000. One ofthe authors (RT) would like to gratefully acknowledge the energy, enthusiasm and technical mentorship by Saundra Monroe at SNL. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 469 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500047 ER PT J AU Liao, TW Tang, FM Qu, J Blau, PJ AF Liao, T. Warren Tang, Fengming Qu, J. Blau, P. J. TI Grinding wheel condition monitoring with boosted minimum distance classifiers SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE grinding wheel; wear; condition monitoring; acoustic emission; AR model; boosting; minimum distance classifier ID CERAMIC MATERIALS; DIAMOND WHEELS; WEAR; SYSTEM; MECHANISMS; SURFACE AB Grinding wheels get dull as more material is removed. This paper presents a methodology to detect a 'dull' wheel online based on acoustic emission (AE) signals. The methodology has three major steps: preprocessing, signal analysis and feature extraction, and constructing boosted classifiers using the minimum distance classifier (MDC) as the weak learner. Two booting algorithms, i.e., AdaBoost and A-Boost, were implemented. The methodology was tested with signals obtained in grinding of two ceramic materials with a diamond wheel under different grinding conditions. The results of cross-validation tests indicate that: (i) boosting greatly improves the effectiveness of the basic MDC; (ii) over all A-Boost does not outperform AdaBoost in terms of classification accuracy; and (iii) the performance of the boosted classifiers improves as the ensemble size increases. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liao, TW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ieliao@lsu.edu RI Liao, Thunshun/B-2724-2009; OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.06.005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 235CW UT WOS:000251212100013 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Kaminski, MD Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, Haitao Kaminski, Michael D. Rosengart, Axel J. TI 2D modeling and preliminary in vitro investigation of a prototype high gradient magnetic separator for biomedical applications SO MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic separator; magnetic spheres; high gradient magnetic separation; blood detoxification; simulation ID EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD-CIRCULATION; IMMUNOMAGNETIC CELL-SEPARATION; PARTICLE CAPTURE; DETOXIFICATION; HEMODIALYSIS; SYSTEMS; FORMAT AB High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) of magnetic materials from fluids or waste products has many established industrial applications. However, there is currently no technology employing HGMS for ex-vivo biomedical applications, such as for the removal of magnetic drug-or toxin-loaded spheres from the human blood stream. Importantly, human HGMS applications require special design modifications as, in contrast to conventional use where magnetic,elements are permanently imbedded within the separation chambers, medical separators need to avoid direct contact between the magnetic materials and blood to reduce the risk of blood clotting and to facilitate convenient and safe treatment access for many individuals. We describe and investigate the performance of a magnetic separator prototype designed for biomedical applications. First, the capture efficiency of a prototype HGMS separator unit consisting of a short tubing segment and two opposing magnetizable fine wires along the outside of the tubing was investigated using 2D mathematical modeling. Second, the first-pass effectiveness to remove commercially available, magnetic polystyrene spheres from human blood using a single separator unit was experimentally verified. The theoretical and experimental data correlated well at low flow velocities (<5.0 cm/s) and high external magnetic fields (>0.05 T). This prototype separator unit removed >90% in a single pass of the magnetic spheres from water at mean flow velocity <= 8.0 cm/s and from blood mimic fluids (ethylene glycol-water solutions) at mean flow velocity <= 2.0 cm/s. In summary, we describe and prove the feasibility of a HGMS separator for biomedical applications. (c) 2007 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Haitao; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Haitao] IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM arosenga@neurology.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4533 EI 1873-4030 J9 MED ENG PHYS JI Med. Eng. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.02.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 263OH UT WOS:000253225900001 PM 17400018 ER PT J AU Jung, J Hassanein, A AF Jung, Jonghwun Hassanein, Ahmed TI Three-phase CFD analytical modeling of blood flow SO MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE three-phase flow; wall shear stress; non-Newtonian; plaque formation; hemodynamic interaction; shear flow ID SHEAR-STRESS; CORONARY-ARTERY; SMALL TUBES; WALL SHEAR; E-SELECTIN; CELLS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ERYTHROCYTES; COMPUTATION; EXPANSIONS AB The behavior of blood cells in disturbed flow regions of arteries has significant relevance for understanding atherogenesis. However, their distribution with red blood cells (RBCs) and leukocytes is not so well studied and understood. Our three-phase computational fluid dynamics approach including plasma, RBCs, and leukocytes was used to numerically simulate the local hemodynamics in such a flow regime. This model has tracked the wall shear stress (WSS), phase distributions, and flow patterns for each phase in a concentrated suspension shear flow of blood. Unlike other computational approaches, this approach does not require dispersion coefficients as an input. The non-Newtonian viscosity model was applied to a wide physiological range of hematocrits, including low shear rates. The migration and segregation of blood cells in disturbed flow regions were computed, and the results compared favorably with available experimental data. The predicted higher leukocyte concentration was correlated with relatively low WSS near the stenosis having a high WSS. This behavior was attributed to flow-dependent interactions of the leukocytes with RBCs in pulsatile flow. This three-phase hemodynamic analysis may have application to vulnerable plaque formation in arteries with in vivo complex flow conditions. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IPEM. C1 [Jung, Jonghwun; Hassanein, Ahmed] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jung, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jungjh@anl.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4533 J9 MED ENG PHYS JI Med. Eng. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.12.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 263OH UT WOS:000253225900011 PM 17244522 ER PT S AU Langs, G Samaras, D Paragios, N Honorio, J Alia-Klein, N Tomasi, D Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ AF Langs, Georg Samaras, Dimitris Paragios, Nikos Honorio, Jcan Alia-Klein, Nelly Tomasi, Dardo Volkow, Nora D. Goldstein, Rita Z. BE Metaxas, D Axel, L Fichtinger, G Szekely, G TI Task-Specific Functional Brain Geometry from Model Maps SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI 2008, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI2008) CY SEP 06-10, 2008 CL New York, NY SP Rutgers Univ, New York Univ, Robarts Res Inst, NE Digital Inc, Medtron Inc, Siemens Corp Res, Philips, GE ID FLUCTUATIONS AB In this paper we propose model maps to derive and represent; the intrinsic functional geometry of a brain from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for a specific task. Model maps represent. the coherence of behavior of individual fMRI-measurements for a set of observations, or a time sequence. The maps establish a relation between individual positions in the brain by encoding the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal over a, time period in a Markov chain. They represent this relation by mapping spatial position,, to a new metric space, the model map. In this map the Euclidean distance between two points relates to the joint modeling behavior of their signals and thus the co-dependencies of the corresponding signals. The map reflects the functional as opposed to the anatomical geometry of the brain. It provides a quantitative tool to explore and study global and local patterns of resource allocation in the brain. To demonstrate the merit of this representation, we report quantitative experimental results on 29 fMRI time sequences, each with sub-sequences corresponding to 4 different conditions for two groups of individuals. We demonstrate that drug abusers exhibit lower differentiation in brain interactivity between baseline and reward related tasks, which could not be quantified until now. C1 [Langs, Georg; Samaras, Dimitris; Paragios, Nikos] Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Math Appl Syst, Paris, France. [Langs, Georg; Paragios, Nikos] INRIA Saclay, Equipe GALEN, Palaiseau, France. [Samaras, Dimitris; Honorio, Jcan] SUNY Stony Brook, Image Anal Lab, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Alia-Klein, Nelly; Tomasi, Dardo; Volkow, Nora D.; Goldstein, Rita Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Upton, NY USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Upton, NY USA. RP Langs, G (reprint author), Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Math Appl Syst, Paris, France. EM georg.langs@ecp.fr; samaras@cs.sunysb.edu; nikos.paragios@ecp.fr; jhonorio@cs.sunysb.edu; rgoldstein@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU Region Ile-de-France; Region Ile-de-France; by NIDA [1 R01 DA020949-01]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [1R01DA023579, R21DA02062]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U.S. Department of Energy [07-055]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [AA/ODO9481-04]; General Clinical Research Center [5-MO1-RR-10710] FX This work has been partially supported by the Region Ile-de-France; by NIDA 1 R01 DA020949-01; by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (RZG: 1R01DA023579 and R21DA02062); Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U.S. Department of Energy (OBER; to RZG: LDRD #07-055), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NDV: AA/ODO9481-04), and General Clinical Research Center (5-MO1-RR-10710). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85987-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5241 BP 925 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIO76 UT WOS:000261373700110 ER PT S AU Paquit, V Price, JR Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW AF Paquit, Vincent Price, Jeffery R. Meriaudeau, Fabrice Tobin, Kenneth W. BE Hsieh, J Samei, E TI 3D multispectral light propagation model for subcutaneous veins imaging SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2008: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2008 Conference CY FEB 17-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, Comp Assisted Radiol & Surg, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Med Image Percept Soc, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Imaging Informat Med, Soc Mol Imaging, DICOM Standards Comm DE OPT; SCAT; SIM ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WAVELENGTH RANGE; HUMAN SKIN; TISSUES; BLOOD; NM AB In this paper, we describe a new 3D light propagation model aimed at understanding the effects of various physiological properties on subcutaneous vein imaging. In particular, we build upon the well known MCML (Monte Carlo Multi Layer) code and present a tissue model that improves upon the current state-of-the-art by: incorporating physiological variation, such as melanin concentration, fat content, and layer thickness; including veins of varying depth and diameter; using curved surfaces from real arm shapes; and modeling the vessel wall interface. We describe our model, present results from the Monte Carlo modeling, and compare these results with those obtained with other Monte Carlo methods. C1 [Paquit, Vincent; Price, Jeffery R.; Tobin, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paquit, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paquitvc@ornl.gov RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7097-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6913 AR 69130D DI 10.1117/12.772825 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHV05 UT WOS:000256660300011 ER PT S AU Huang, LJ Hanson, KM Quan, YL Li, CP Duric, N AF Huang, Lianjie Hanson, Kenneth M. Quan, Youli Li, Cuiping Duric, Neb BE McAleavey, SA DHooge, J TI Globally optimized Fourier finite-difference method for ultrasound breast imaging - art. no. 692007 SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2008: ULTRASONIC IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2008 Conference CY FEB 17-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, Comp Assisted Radiol & Surg, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Med Image Percept Soc, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Imaging Informat Med, Soc Mole Imaging, DICOM Standards Comm DE breast heterogeneities; finite difference; Fourier; image reconstruction; optimized; reflectivity; sound speed; ultrasound breast imaging; ultrasound scattering ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSDUCER ARRAYS; SYSTEM; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION; GEOMETRY; CANCER; WOMEN AB Ultrasound reflection imaging is a promising imaging modality for detecting small, early-stage breast cancers. Properly accounting for ultrasound scattering from heterogeneities within the breast is essential for high-resolution and high-quality ultrasound breast imaging. We develop a globally optimized Fourier finite-difference method for ultrasound reflectivity image reconstruction. It utilizes an optimized solution of acoustic-wave equation and a heterogeneous sound-speed distribution of the breast obtained from tomography to reconstruct ultrasound reflectivity images. The method contains a finite-difference term in addition to the split-step Fourier implementation, and minimizes ultrasound phase errors during wavefield inward continuation while maintaining the advantage of high computational efficiency. The accuracy analysis indicates that the optimized method is much more accurate than the split-step Fourier method. The computational efficiency of the optimized method is one to two orders of magnitude faster than time-reversal imaging using a finite-difference time-domain wave-equation scheme. Our new optimized method can accurately handle ultrasound scattering from breast heterogeneities during reflectivity image reconstruction. Our numerical imaging examples demonstrate that the optimized method has the potential to produce high-quality and high-resolution ultrasound reflectivity images in combination with a reliable ultrasound sound-speed tomography method. C1 [Huang, Lianjie; Hanson, Kenneth M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7104-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6920 BP 92007 EP 92007 DI 10.1117/12.771024 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHT32 UT WOS:000256176100006 ER PT S AU Solis, SE Hernandez, JA Tomasi, D Rodriguez, AO AF Solis, S. E. Hernandez, J. A. Tomasi, D. Rodriguez, A. O. BE Corral, GH Zetina, LMM TI Two-slotted surface coil array for magnetic resonance imaging at 4 tesla SO MEDICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Ctr Res & Adv Studies, Latin Amer Ctr Phys, Mexican Phys Soc DE coil array; magnetic resonance imaging; electromagnetic simulation; slotted surface coil; high field AB Arrays of antennas have been widely accepted for magnetic resonance imaging applications due to their high signal-to-noise ratio SNR) over large volumes of interest. A new surface coil based on the magnetron tube and called slotted surface coil, has been recently introduced by our group. This coil design experimentally demonstrated a significant improvement over the circular-shaped coil when used in the receive-only mode. The slotted coils formed a two-sheet structure with a 900 separation and each coil had 6 circular slots. Numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method for this coil design to study the behaviour of the array magnetic field. Then, we developed a two-coil array for brain magnetic resonance imaging to be operated at the resonant frequency of 170 MHz in the transceiver mode. Phantom images were acquired with our coil array and standard pulse sequences on a research-dedicated 4 Tesla scanner. Numerical simulations demonstrated that electromagnetic interaction between the coil elements is negligible, and that the magnetic field showed a good uniformity. In vitro images showed the feasibility of this coil array for standard pulses for high field magnetic resonance imaging. C1 [Solis, S. E.; Tomasi, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Solis, S. E.; Hernandez, J. A.; Rodriguez, A. O.] Univ Autonom Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Invest Instrumentac Imagenologia Med, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Solis, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM arog@xanum.uam.mx RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico [135106-21]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development [U.S. Department of Energy (OBER)]; Inovamedica FX S. E. S. wishes to thank the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) for a P h. D. scholarship and grant numbers: 135106-21 and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U.S. Department of Energy (OBER). Support from Inovamedica is gratefully acknowledged. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0556-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1032 BP 152 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Physics GA BIC27 UT WOS:000258329300028 ER PT S AU Solis, SE Tomasi, D Rodriguez, AO AF Solis, S. E. Tomasi, D. Rodriguez, A. O. BE Corral, GH Zetina, LMM TI Mid-range coil array for magnetic resonance imaging of small animals SO MEDICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Ctr Res & Adv Studies, Latin Amer Ctr Phys, Mexican Phys Soc DE coil array; magnetic resonance imaging; electromagnetic simulation; saddle coil; high field AB The vast majority of articles on MRI RF coils over the past two decades have focused on large coils, where sample losses dominate, or on micro-coils, where sample and capacitor losses are negligible. Few have addressed the mid-range coils, seen in the majority of smallanimal applications, where all the sources of loss are important, for example, mouse brain and body coils from 125 to 750 MHz. We developed a four-saddle coil array for magnetic resonance imaging of small animals. The saddle coil elements in the array were evenly distributed to cover the rat's head. The coil array was tuned to the resonant frequency of 170 MHz. Due to the close proximity of the coil elements, it was necessary to decouple the coil array using nonmagnetic trimmers and, it was operated in the transceiver mode and quadrature-driven. To test the coil array performance at high field, phantom images were acquired with our saddle coil array and standard pulse sequences on a research-dedicated 4 Tesla scanner. Ex vivo brain images of a rat were also acquired, and proved the feasibility of the scaled version of a saddle coil array and, its compatibility with standard pulse sequences when used in a high field magnetic resonance imager. C1 [Solis, S. E.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ctr Invest & Instrumentac & Imagenol Med, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. [Solis, S. E.; Tomasi, D.; Rodriguez, A. O.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solis, SE (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ctr Invest & Instrumentac & Imagenol Med, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. EM arog@xanum.uam.mx RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico [135106-21]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy (OBER); Inovamedica FX S. E. S. wishes to thank the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) for a P h. D. scholarship and grant numbers: 135106-21 and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U.S. Department of Energy (OBER). Support from Inovamedica is gratefully acknowledged. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0556-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1032 BP 157 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Physics GA BIC27 UT WOS:000258329300030 ER PT S AU Chu, S AF Chu, Steven BE Beretta, GP Ghoniem, AF Hatsopoulos, GN TI Energy and the second law SO MEETING THE ENTROPY CHALLENGE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Thermodynamics Symposium held in Honor and Memory of Joseph H Keenan CY OCT 04-05, 2007 CL Cambridge, MA SP MIT, Dept Mechan Engn AB More insight in the use of thermodynamics and entropy is important to preserve our planet for future generations. We discuss how it may help improve the efficiency of current energy conversion technologies, suggest ways to harness solar energy and develop engines that can generate sustainable carbon-free energy, and help understand how life and the universe are based on the Laws of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0557-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1033 BP 111 EP 123 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BIE92 UT WOS:000259030800010 ER PT S AU Choudhury, A Vujanic, R Hesketh, PJ Thundar, T Hu, Z AF Choudhury, A. Vujanic, R. Hesketh, P. J. Thundar, T. Hu, Z. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of chemical reaction kinetics using a thermally active piezoresistive microcantilever array SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID ADSORPTION-KINETICS; SURFACE STRESS; SENSORS AB This work investigates the evaluation of chemical reaction kinetics with a piezoresistive microcantilever array. By controlling the temperature of individual cantilevers in the array, the reaction constants can be measured at a single analyte concentration in one measurement. Adsorption and desorption of 6mercaptohexanol on a gold-functionalized cantilever was studied at 21 degrees C and 50 degrees C. Current results show that desorption rates of mercaptohexanol depend on mass transport parameters. Activation energy of the desorption reaction in dry N-2 is evaluated as Delta E = -5.85 kJ/mol. C1 [Choudhury, A.; Hesketh, P. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Vujanic, R.] ETH, Dept Mech Engn, Zurich, Switzerland. [Thundar, T.; Hu, Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choudhury, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE offices of Biological and Environmental Research; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA) FX We would like to thank Guclu Onaran for help and valuable discussions on setup of the instrumentation and devices, and Leanne Andruszkiewicz for help with the experiments. Also thanks are due to Dr. Samuel Graham for loan of crucial instruments for the experiment. This work was supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Support from the DOE offices of Biological and Environmental Research is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported, in part, by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA). NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 228 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900057 ER PT S AU Panchawagh, HV Sounart, TL Kausik, A Finch, DS Mahaian, RL AF Panchawagh, Hrishikesh V. Sounart, Thomas L. Kausik, Aditya Finch, Dudley S. Mahaian, Roop L. GP IEEE TI Characterization of silicon parallel-plate electrostatic actuator in partially conducting aqueous solution SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID MEMS AB In this paper we present experimental results on the behavior of a silicon parallel-plate electrostatic actuator operated in a partially conducting aqueous solution. First, an experimental setup based on a laser position sensor is described for dynamic measurement of out-of-plate motion of MEMS structures in liquids. This set up is used to characterize motion of a surface-micromachined, polysilicon piston actuator operated in water using high-frequency drive signals to avoid charge migration that screens actuation potential. Results show that besides actuator design and fluid properties, voltage-displacement characteristics and pull-in phenomenon of parallel-plate actuators also depend on drive frequency. C1 [Panchawagh, Hrishikesh V.; Kausik, Aditya; Finch, Dudley S.; Mahaian, Roop L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sounart, Thomas L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Finch, Dudley S.; Mahaian, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mahaian, Roop L.] Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mahaian, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mahaian, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Inst Critic Technol & App Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Panchawagh, HV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 495 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900124 ER PT S AU Chen, DC Olivier, SS Jones, SM Zawadzki, RJ Evans, JW Choi, SS Werner, JS AF Chen, Diana C. Olivier, Scot S. Jones, Stever M. Zawadzki, Robert J. Evans, Julie W. Choi, Stacey S. Werner, John S. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Compact MEMS-based adaptive optics: Optical coherence tomography for clinical use - art. no. 68880F SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive optics; ophthalmic optics; optical coherence tomography; eye; retina ID RESOLUTION AB We describe a compact MEMS-based adaptive Optics (AO) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with improved AO performance and ease of clinical use. A typical AO system consists of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror that measures and corrects the ocular and system aberrations. Because of limitations on current deformable mirror technologies, the amount of real-time ocular-aberration compensation is restricted and small in-previous AO-OCT instruments. In this instrument, we incorporate an optical apparatus to correct the spectacle aberrations of the patients such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. This eliminates the tedious process of using trial lenses in clinical imaging. Different amount of spectacle aberration compensation was achieved by motorized stages and automated with the AO computer for ease of clinical use. In addition, the compact AO-OCT was optimized to have minimum system aberrations to reduce AO registration errors and improve AO performance. C1 [Chen, Diana C.; Olivier, Scot S.; Jones, Stever M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, DC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 6000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zawadzki, Robert/E-7534-2011 OI Zawadzki, Robert/0000-0002-9574-156X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP F8880 EP F8880 DI 10.1117/12.772035 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700012 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Zawadzki, RJ Jones, S Okpodu, S Olivier, S Werner, JS AF Evans, Julia W. Zawadzki, Robert J. Jones, Steve Okpodu, Samelia Olivier, Scot Werner, John S. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Performance of a MEMS-based AO-OCT system - art. no. 68880G SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive Optics; MEMS deformable mirror; optical coherence tomography ID SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; DEFORMABLE MIRRORS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HUMAN EYE; SENSOR AB Adaptive optics (AO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are powerful imaging modalities that, when combined, can provide high-resolution, 3-D images of the retina. The AO-OCT system at UC Davis has been under development for 2 years and has demonstrated the utility of this technology for microscopic, volumetric, in vivo retinal imaging. The current system uses a bimorph deform able mirror (DM) made by AOptix Technologies, Inc. for low-order, high-stroke correction and a 140-actuator mirco-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) DM made by Boston Micromachines Corporation for high-order correction. We present our on-going characterization of AO system performance. The AO-OCT system typically has residual wavefront error of 100 nm rms. The correctable error in the system is dominated by low-order error that we believe is introduced by aliasing in the control loop. Careful characterization of the AO system will lead to improved performance and inform the design of future systems. C1 [Evans, Julia W.; Jones, Steve; Olivier, Scot] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zawadzki, Robert/E-7534-2011 OI Zawadzki, Robert/0000-0002-9574-156X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP G8880 EP G8880 DI 10.1117/12.771673 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700013 ER PT S AU Poyneer, LA Dillon, D AF Poyneer, Lisa A. Dillon, Daren BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI MEMS adaptive optics for the Gemini Planet Imager: control methods and validation - art. no. 68880H SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive optics; wavefront control; MEMS mirror ID WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; OPEN-LOOP CONTROL; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; DEFORMABLE MIRROR; SIMULATION AB The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Adaptive Optics system will use a high-order MEMS deformable mirror for phase compensation. The MEMS mirror will be used in a Woofer-Tweeter configuration, with a frequency-domain based splitting of the phase between the two mirrors. Precise wavefront control depends on the ability to command them MEMS to make the exact phase desired. Non-linearities in the MEMS may prevent this. We determine that influence-function pre-compensation can remove most, but not all, open-loop error. We use simulation and a simulation of 4 non-linear MEMS to address the issue of how much non-linearity can be tolerated in closed-loop by GPI. C1 [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP H8880 EP H8880 DI 10.1117/12.772754 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700014 ER PT S AU Baker, KL Silva, DA Poyneer, LA Macintosh, BA Bauman, BJ Palmer, D Remington, TP Delgadillo-Lariz, MA AF Baker, K. L. Silva, D. A. Poyneer, L. A. Macintosh, B. A. Bauman, B. J. Palmer, D. Remington, T. P. Delgadillo-Lariz, M. A. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI High-contrast imaging testbed - art. no. 68880I SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive optics; high contrast; Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor; spatial filter ID WAVE-FRONT SENSORS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB Several high-contrast imaging systems are currently under construction to enable the detection of extra-solar planets. In order for these systems to achieve their objectives, however, there is considerable developmental work and testing which must take place. Given the need to perform these tests, a spatially-filtered Shack-Hartmann adaptive optics system has been assembled to evaluate new algorithms and hardware configurations which will be implemented in these future high-contrast imaging systems. In this article, construction and phase measurements of a membrane "woofer" mirror are presented. In addition, results from closed-loop operation of the assembled testbed with static phase plates are presented. The testbed is currently being upgraded to enable operation at speeds approaching 500 hz; and to enable studies of the interactions between the woofer and tweeter deformable mirrors. C1 [Baker, K. L.; Silva, D. A.; Poyneer, L. A.; Macintosh, B. A.; Bauman, B. J.; Palmer, D.; Remington, T. P.; Delgadillo-Lariz, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP I8880 EP I8880 DI 10.1117/12.771755 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700015 ER PT S AU Sweatt, WC Valley, MT AF Sweatt, William C. Valley, Michael T. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Turbulence compensation using micromirror arrays: The array design - art. no. 68880X SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE micromirror arrays; turbulence compensation; optical design AB An array of micromirrors can be used to correct the wavefront aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence. A simple method is presented for estimating the number of piston-only micromirrors needed to correct the seeing. We also compute how many piston-tip-tilt micromirrors are required. The three-actuator micromirrors are found to produce a more efficient solution, requiring 4X fewer actuators for the same improvement in the Strehl ratio. C1 [Sweatt, William C.; Valley, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sweatt, WC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP X8880 EP X8880 DI 10.1117/12.779877 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700025 ER PT J AU Rioux, RM Song, H Yang, PD Somorjai, GA AF Rioux, Robert M. Song, Hyunjoon Yang, Peidong Somorjai, Gabor A. BE Corain, B Schmid, G Toshima, N TI Platinum Nanoclusters' Size and Surface Structure Sensitivity of Catalytic Reactions SO METAL NANOCLUSTERS IN CATALYSIS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE ISSUE OF SIZE CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MESOPOROUS SBA-15 SILICA; THIN AG FILMS; ETHANE HYDROGENOLYSIS; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; TURNOVER RATE; CO OXIDATION; REACTION-KINETICS C1 [Rioux, Robert M.; Song, Hyunjoon; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rioux, Robert M.; Song, Hyunjoon; Yang, Peidong; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rioux, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055500-3 PY 2008 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/B978-044453057-8.50009-X PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEF40 UT WOS:000316397500009 ER PT J AU Klabunde, KJ Sorensen, CM Stoeva, SI Prasad, BLV Smetana, AB Lin, XM AF Klabunde, Kenneth J. Sorensen, Christopher M. Stoeva, Savka I. Prasad, Bagavatula L. V. Smetana, Alexander B. Lin, Xiao-Min BE Corain, B Schmid, G Toshima, N TI Digestive Ripening, or "Nanomachining," to Achieve Nanocrystal Size Control SO METAL NANOCLUSTERS IN CATALYSIS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE ISSUE OF SIZE CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; METAL PARTICLES; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANOSIZED PARTICLES; COLLOIDAL SOLUTION; REVERSE MICELLES C1 [Klabunde, Kenneth J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sorensen, Christopher M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Stoeva, Savka I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Prasad, Bagavatula L. V.] Natl Chem Lab, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Smetana, Alexander B.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Smetana, Alexander B.] Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lin, Xiao-Min] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lin, Xiao-Min] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klabunde, KJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, 111 Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 86 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055500-3 PY 2008 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1016/B978-044453057-8.50013-1 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEF40 UT WOS:000316397500013 ER PT J AU Veith, GM Lupini, AR Dudney, NJ AF Veith, Gabriel M. Lupini, Andrew R. Dudney, Nancy J. BE Corain, B Schmid, G Toshima, N TI Magnetron Sputtering to Prepare Supported Metal Catalysts SO METAL NANOCLUSTERS IN CATALYSIS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE ISSUE OF SIZE CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; GOLD CATALYSTS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LASER-ABLATION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDES; CARBON C1 [Veith, Gabriel M.; Lupini, Andrew R.; Dudney, Nancy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055500-3 PY 2008 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/B978-044453057-8.50023-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEF40 UT WOS:000316397500023 ER PT J AU Cao, F Pollock, TM AF Cao, F. Pollock, T. M. TI Creep deformation mechanisms in Ru-Ni-Al ternary B2 alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE CREEP; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; PLASTIC-FLOW PROPERTIES; JOGGED-SCREW MODEL; BOND COATS; GRAIN-SIZE; INTERDIFFUSION; PHASE; DISLOCATIONS; ALUMINIDES AB The creep behavior of five Ru-Ni-Al ternary alloys with compositions across the ternary RuAl-NiAl B2 phase field has been investigated within a temperature range of 1223 to 1323 K. These alloys exhibited exceptional creep strength compared to other high melting temperature intermetallics. A continuous increase of the melting temperature and creep resistance with increasing Ru/Ni ratio was observed. Post-creep dislocation analyses revealed < 100 > and < 110 > edge dislocations in the Ni-rich alloys, While uniformly distributed < 100 > jogged screw dislocations predominated in the Ru-rich ternary alloys. Transient creep experiments, dislocation sub-structures, and constitutive modeling indicate a transition of the creep mechanism from viscous glide-con trolled to jogged screw-controlled deformation with increasing Ru/Ni ratio. C1 [Cao, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Mat Sci & Technol MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pollock, T. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cao, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Mat Sci & Technol MST 8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fcao@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39A IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9363-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 247WY UT WOS:000252114500005 ER PT J AU Sun, N Patterson, BR Suni, JP Doherty, RD Weiland, H Kadolkar, P Blue, CA Thompson, GB AF Sun, Naiyu Patterson, Burton R. Suni, Jaakko P. Doherty, Roger D. Weiland, Hasso Kadolkar, Puja Blue, Craig A. Thompson, Gregory B. TI Effect of heating rate on recrystallization of twin roll cast aluminum SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The effect of heating rate on precipitation and recrystallization behavior in twin roll cast (TRC) AA3105 has been investigated by three different means: conventional air furnace, controlled infrared, and lead bath heating. Experimental results showed that as-recrystallized grain size decreased and became more equiaxed as the annealing heating rate increased. These results were explained via time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves for both dispersoid precipitation and recrystallization. With the faster heating rate, recrystallization could occur before precipitation of Mn present in the unhomogenized TRC samples. At a heating rate of 50 degrees C/s, the material underwent grain growth after recrystallization at 500 degrees C. No sign of grain growth was observed in materials annealed with lower heating rates, 3 degrees C/s, 0.5 degrees C/s, and 0.01 degrees C/s, due to greater dispersoid precipitation. C1 [Sun, Naiyu] Citat Corp, Browntown, WI 53522 USA. [Sun, Naiyu; Patterson, Burton R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Suni, Jaakko P.; Weiland, Hasso] Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA USA. [Doherty, Roger D.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kadolkar, Puja; Blue, Craig A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thompson, Gregory B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Sun, N (reprint author), Citat Corp, Browntown, WI 53522 USA. EM naiys@browtown.citation.net NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39A IS 1 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9367-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 247WY UT WOS:000252114500017 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AT Borg, J Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Cole, MJ Leroux, H Bridges, JC Horz, F Wozniakiewicz, PJ Bland, PA Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Teslich, N See, T Hoppe, P Heck, PR Huth, J Stadermann, FJ Floss, C Marhas, K Stephan, T Leitner, J AF Kearsley, A. T. Borg, J. Graham, G. A. Burchell, M. J. Cole, M. J. Leroux, H. Bridges, J. C. Hoerz, F. Wozniakiewicz, P. J. Bland, P. A. Bradley, J. P. Dai, Z. R. Teslich, N. See, T. Hoppe, P. Heck, P. R. Huth, J. Stadermann, F. J. Floss, C. Marhas, K. Stephan, T. Leitner, J. TI Dust from comet Wild 2: Interpreting particle size, shape, structure, and composition from impact features on the Stardust aluminum foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; 81P/WILD-2; CRATERS; PROJECTILES; TARGETS; SAMPLES; MORPHOLOGY; GRAINS AB Aluminum foils of the Stardust cometary dust collector are peppered with impact features of a wide range of sizes and shapes. By comparison to laboratory shots of known particle dimensions and density, using the same velocity and incidence geometry as the Stardust Wild 2 encounter, we can derive size and mass of the cometary dust grains. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of foil samples (both flown on the mission and impacted in the laboratory) we have recognized a range of impact feature shapes from which we interpret particle density and internal structure. We have documented composition of crater residues, including stoichiometric material in 3 of 7 larger craters, by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Wild 2 dust grains include coarse (>10 mu m) mafic silicate grains, some dominated by a single mineral species of density around 3-4 g cm(-3) (such as olivine). Other grains were porous, low-density aggregates from a few nanometers to 100 mu m, with an overall density that may be lower than I g cm-3, containing mixtures of silicates and sulfides and possibly both alkali-rich and mafic glass. The mineral assemblage is very similar to the most common species reported from aerogel tracks. In one large aggregate crater, the combined diverse residue composition is similar to CI chondrites. The foils are a unique collecting substrate, revealing that the most abundant Wild 2 dust grains were of sub-micrometer size and of complex internal structure. Impact residues in Stardust foil craters will be a valuable resource for future analyses of cometary dust. C1 [Kearsley, A. T.; Wozniakiewicz, P. J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Borg, J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Graham, G. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Burchell, M. J.; Cole, M. J.] Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Leroux, H.] Univ Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Hoerz, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wozniakiewicz, P. J.; Bland, P. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England. [See, T.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hoppe, P.; Heck, P. R.; Huth, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Stadermann, F. J.; Floss, C.; Marhas, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stephan, T.; Leitner, J.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk RI Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 73 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400003 ER PT J AU Leroux, H Stroud, RM Dai, ZR Graham, GA Troadec, D Bradley, JP Teslich, N Borg, J Kearsley, AT Hoerz, F AF Leroux, Hugues Stroud, Rhonda M. Dai, Zu Rong Graham, Giles A. Troadec, David Bradley, John P. Teslich, Nick Borg, Janet Kearsley, Anton T. Hoerz, Friedrich TI Transmission electron microscopy of cometary residues from micron-sized craters in the Stardust Al foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SPECTRAL IMAGES; IMPACT FEATURES; ALUMINUM FOILS; 81P/WILD-2; TARGETS; AEROGEL; SAMPLES; DUST AB We report transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of micro-craters that originated from hypervelocity impacts of comet 81P/Wild 2 dust particles on the aluminium foil of the Stardust collector. The craters were selected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling techniques in order to provide electron transparent cross-sections for TEM studies. The crater residues contain both amorphous and crystalline materials in varying proportions and compositions. The amorphous component is interpreted as resulting from shock melting during the impact and the crystalline phases as relict minerals. The latter show evidence for shock metamorphism. Based on the residue morphology and the compositional variation, the impacting particles are inferred to have been dominated by mixtures of submicron olivine, pyroxene and Fe sulfide grains, in agreement with prior results of relatively coarse-grained mineral assemblages in the aerogel collector. C1 [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dai, Zu Rong; Graham, Giles A.; Bradley, John P.; Teslich, Nick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Troadec, David] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8520, Inst Elect Microelect & Nanotechnol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Borg, Janet] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Borg, Janet] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Kearsley, Anton T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hoerz, Friedrich] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, KR Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Leroux, H (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Hughes.Leroux@univ-lille1.fr RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 160 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400009 ER PT J AU Lanzirotti, A Sutton, SR Flynn, GJ Newville, A Rao, W AF Lanzirotti, A. Sutton, S. R. Flynn, G. J. Newville, A. Rao, W. TI Chemical composition and heterogeneity of Wild 2 cometary particles determined by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STARDUST; SAMPLES AB Seven cometary dust particle tracks in Stardust aerogel were studied using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence methods at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NY) and Advanced Photon Source (IL). Elemental maps were produced for each of the tracks and elemental abundances for 156 individual fragments within these tracks were determined. Whole-track elemental abundances were inferred by summing the elemental masses for the fragments in each track and scaling by the ratio of total Fe in the map and total Fe in the fragments. In general, whole-track and terminal-particle abundances are dissimilar. The total Fe masses ranged from 4 to 2200 pg, corresponding to impactors in the size range of 2.7 to 22 mu m if Fe abundances are equal to the chondritic value. Systematic variations in element abundance with fragment distance from the aerogel entry point were generally subtle but were pronounced in one track (C2115,19). In this track, Zn/Fe was about three orders of magnitude higher at the top, Cr/Fe was two orders of magnitude higher at the bottom, and S was relatively uniform. Compositional convergence data showed that typically analysis of similar to 10 fragments was needed to reach convergent whole-track abundance. Zinc was an exception, showing nonconvergent profiles and steps due to the presence of rare, high-Zn fragments. The resulting whole-track elemental abundances show diverse patterns that are generally chondritic (i.e., within a factor of three of CI abundances) with some exceptions, notably depletions in S and enrichments in the moderately volatile elements Cu, Zn, and Ga. Enrichments in large ion lithophile elements relative to Fe were observed in one track. Correlation matrices showed several strong elemental correlations, notably selenium associated with sulfur (sulfides), a ubiquitous correlation of the first-row transition metals Cr, Mn, and Fe attributed to the presence of pyroxene, and enrichments of gallium associated with calcium, likely affiliated with Mg-Al glass. C1 [Lanzirotti, A.; Sutton, S. R.; Newville, A.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sutton, S. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Flynn, G. J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Rao, W.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lanzirotti, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM Lanzirotti@uchicago.edu NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 213 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400011 ER PT J AU Ishii, HA Brennan, S Bradley, JP Luening, K Ignatyev, K Pianetta, P AF Ishii, Hope A. Brennan, Sean Bradley, John. P. Luening, Katharina Ignatyev, Konstantin Pianetta, Piero TI Recovering the elemental composition of comet Wild 2 dust in five Stardust impact tracks and terminal particles in aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 81P/WILD-2; SAMPLES; MOTION AB The elemental (non-volatile) composition of five Stardust impact tracks and terminal particles left from capture of comet 81P/Wild 2 dust were mapped in a synchrotron X-ray scanning microprobe with full fluorescence spectra at each pixel. Because aerogel includes background levels of several elements of interest, we employ a novel "dual threshold" approach to discriminate against background contaminants: an upper threshold, above which a spectrum contains cometary material plus aerogel and a lower threshold below which it contains only aerogel. The difference between normalized cometary-plus-background and background-only spectra is attributable to cometary material. The few spectra in-between are discarded since misallocation is detrimental: cometary material incorrectly placed in the background spectrum is later subtracted from the cometary spectrum, doubling the loss of reportable cometary material. This approach improves accuracy of composition quantification. We present the refined whole impact track and terminal particle elemental abundances for the five impact tracks. One track shows mass increases in Cr and Mn (1.4x), Cu, As and K (2x), Zn (4x), and total mass (13%) by dual thresholds compared to a single threshold. Major elements Fe and Ni are not significantly affected. The additional Cr arises from cometary material containing little Fe. We exclude Au intermixed with cometary material because it is found to be a localized surface contaminant carried by comet dust into an impact track. The dual threshold technique can be used in other situations where elements of interest in a small sample embedded in a matrix are also present in the matrix itself. C1 [Ishii, Hope A.; Bradley, John. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brennan, Sean; Luening, Katharina; Ignatyev, Konstantin; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ishii, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hope.ishii@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 231 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400012 ER PT J AU Zolensky, M Nakamura-Messenger, K Rietmeijer, F Leroux, H Mikouchi, T Ohsumi, K Simon, S Grossman, L Stephan, T Weisberg, M Velbel, M Zega, T Stroud, R Tomeoka, K Ohnishi, I Tomioka, N Nakamura, T Matrajt, G Joswiak, D Brownlee, D Langenhorst, F Krot, A Kearsley, A Ishii, H Graham, G Da, ZR Ch, M Bradley, J Hagiya, K Gounelle, M Keller, L Bridges, J AF Zolensky, Michael Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Rietmeijer, Frans Leroux, Hugues Mikouchi, Takashi Ohsumi, Kazumasa Simon, Steven Grossman, Lawrence Stephan, Thomas Weisberg, Michael Velbel, Michael Zega, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Tomeoka, Kazushige Ohnishi, Ichiro Tomioka, Naotaka Nakamura, Tomoki Matrajt, Graciela Joswiak, David Brownlee, Donald Langenhorst, Falko Krot, Alexander Kearsley, Anton Ishii, Hope Graham, Giles Da, Zu Rong Ch, Miaofang Bradley, John Hagiya, Kenji Gounelle, Matthieu Keller, Lindsay Bridges, John TI Comparing Wild 2 particles to chondrites and IDPs SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; ORGUEIL METEORITE; COMET 81P/WILD-2; AEROGEL; MATRIX; OLIVINE; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; MINERALOGY AB We compare the observed composition ranges of olivine, pyroxene, and Fe-Ni sulfides in Wild 2 grains with those from chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and chondrite classes to explore whether these data suggest affinities to known hydrous materials in particular. Wild 2 olivine has an extremely wide composition range, from Fa(0-96), with a pronounced frequency peak at Fa(1). The composition range displayed by the low-calcium pyroxene is also very extensive, from Fs(48) to Fs(0), with a significant frequency peak centered at Fs(5). These ranges are as broad or broader than those reported for any other extraterrestrial material. Wild 2 Fe-Ni sulfides mainly have compositions close to that of FeS, with less than 2 atom% Ni; to date, only two pentlandite grains have been found among the Wild grains, suggesting that this mineral is not abundant. The complete lack of compositions between FeS and pentlandite (with intermediate solid solution compositions) suggests (but does not require) that FeS and pentlandite condensed as crystalline species, i.e., did not form as amorphous phases, which later became annealed. While we have not yet observed any direct evidence of water-bearing minerals, the presence of Ni-bearing sulfides, and magnesium-dominated olivine and low-Ca pyroxene does not rule out their presence at low abundance. We do conclude that new investigations of major- and minor-element compositions of chondrite matrix and IDPs are required. C1 [Zolensky, Michael; Keller, Lindsay] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rietmeijer, Frans] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Propreites Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Mikouchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ohsumi, Kazumasa] Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Grossman, Lawrence] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Simon, Steven; Grossman, Lawrence; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Weisberg, Michael] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Velbel, Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zega, Thomas; Stroud, Rhonda] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tomeoka, Kazushige; Ohnishi, Ichiro; Tomioka, Naotaka] Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Kyushu Univ Hakozaki, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Matrajt, Graciela; Joswiak, David; Brownlee, Donald] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Langenhorst, Falko] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Krot, Alexander] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Ishii, Hope; Graham, Giles; Da, Zu Rong; Ch, Miaofang; Bradley, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hagiya, Kenji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Ako, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. [Gounelle, Matthieu] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etude Mat Extraterrestre, USM 0205 LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bridges, John] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Zolensky, M (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 58 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400015 ER PT J AU Cody, GD Ade, H Alexander, CMO Araki, T Butterworth, A Fleckenstein, H Flynn, G Gilles, MK Jacobsen, C Kilcoyne, ALD Messenger, K Sandford, SA Tyliszczak, T Westphal, AJ Wirick, S Yabuta, H AF Cody, George D. Ade, Harald Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Araki, Tohru Butterworth, Anna Fleckenstein, Holger Flynn, George Gilles, Mary K. Jacobsen, Chris Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Messenger, Keiko Sandford, Scott A. Tyliszczak, Tolek Westphal, Andrew J. Wirick, Susan Yabuta, Hikaru TI Quantitative organic and light-element analysis of comet 81P/Wild 2 particles using C-, N-, and O-mu-XANES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; INTERPLANETARY DUST; STARDUST; TRANSMISSION; MOLECULES; MATTER; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE; SPECTRA AB Synchrotron-based soft X-ray micro-analysis was performed on particles extracted from the Stardust aerogel collector in order to obtain detailed organic functional group information on any organic solids captured as part of the Principal Examination suite of analyses for samples from comet 81P/Wild 2. It is observed that cometary organic carbon captured in aerogel is present in a number of different manifestations and often intimately associated with silicates. Carbon X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra reveal considerable chemical complexity in all of the organic particles studied so far. Universally, the comet 81P/Wild 2 organic particles contain low concentrations of aromatic and/or olefinic carbon relative to aliphatic and heteroatom-containing functional groups, e.g., amide, carboxyl, and alcohol/ethers. N-XANES confirms the presence and assignments of these functional groups. In general, the XANES data record considerable chemical complexity across the range of organic samples currently analyzed. The atomic ratios, N/C and O/C, derived from XANES data reveal a wide range in heteroatom content; in all cases these elemental ratios are higher than that of primitive meteoritic organic matter. The wide range in chemistry, both in elemental abundances and specific organic functional groups, suggests that the comet 81P/Wild 2 organic solids may have multiple origins. C1 [Cody, George D.; Yabuta, Hikaru] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ade, Harald; Araki, Tohru] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Butterworth, Anna; Westphal, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fleckenstein, Holger; Wirick, Susan] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Messenger, Keiko] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cody, GD (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM g.cody@gl.ciw.edu RI Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Yabuta, Hikaru/M-9041-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Yabuta, Hikaru/0000-0002-4625-5362; NR 29 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 365 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400021 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Bastien, RK Borg, J Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, MJ Cheng, AF Clark, BC Djouadi, Z Floss, C Franchi, I Gainsforth, Z Graham, G Green, SF Heck, PR Horanyi, M Hoppe, P Horz, FP Huth, J Kearsley, A Leroux, H Marhas, K Nakamura-Messenger, K Sandford, SA See, TH Stadermann, FJ Teslich, NE Tsitrin, S Warren, JL Wozniakiewicz, PJ Zolensky, ME AF Westphal, Andrew J. Bastien, Ronald K. Borg, Janet Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark J. Cheng, Andrew F. Clark, Benton C. Djouadi, Zahia Floss, Christine Franchi, Ian Gainsforth, Zack Graham, Giles Green, Simon F. Heck, Philipp R. Horanyi, Mihaly Hoppe, Peter Horz, Friedrich P. Huth, Joachim Kearsley, Anton Leroux, Hugues Marhas, Kuljeet Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Sandford, Scott A. See, Thomas H. Stadermann, Frank J. Teslich, Nick E. Tsitrin, Samuel Warren, Jack L. Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J. Zolensky, Michael E. TI Discovery of non-random spatial distribution of impacts in the Stardust cometary collector SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS; P/WILD 2; 81P/WILD-2; DUST; SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; FEATURES; NUCLEUS; SAMPLES; PLASMA AB We report the discovery that impacts in the Stardust cometary collector are not distributed randomly in the collecting media, but appear to be clustered on scales smaller than similar to 10 cm. We also report the discovery of at least two populations of oblique tracks. We evaluate several hypotheses that could explain the observations. No hypothesis is consistent with all the observations, but the preponderance of evidence points toward at least one impact on the central Whipple shield of the spacecraft as the origin of both clustering and low-angle oblique tracks. High-angle oblique tracks unambiguously originate from a non-cometary impact on the spacecraft bus just forward of the collector. C1 [Westphal, Andrew J.; Gainsforth, Zack; Sandford, Scott A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bastien, Ronald K.; Horz, Friedrich P.; Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko; Warren, Jack L.; Zolensky, Michael E.] KT NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Borg, Janet; Djouadi, Zahia] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bridges, John; Franchi, Ian; Green, Simon F.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Cheng, Andrew F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Clark, Benton C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO USA. [Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Floss, Christine; Marhas, Kuljeet; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Graham, Giles; Teslich, Nick E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Heck, Philipp R.; Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Horanyi, Mihaly] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kearsley, Anton; Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, London SW7 5BD, England. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, IARC, London SW11 3RA, England. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Green, Simon/C-7408-2009; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Heck, Philipp/C-6092-2012; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 429 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400024 ER PT J AU Kottmeier, C Kalthoff, N Barthlott, C Corsmeier, U Van Baelen, J Behrendt, A Behrendt, R Blyth, A Coulter, R Crewell, S Di Girolamo, P Dorninger, M Flamant, C Foken, T Hagen, M Hauck, C Holler, H Konow, H Kunz, M Mahlke, H Mobbs, S Richard, E Steinacker, R Weckwerth, T Wieser, A Wulfmeyer, V AF Kottmeier, Christoph Kalthoff, Norbert Barthlott, Christian Corsmeier, Ulrich Van Baelen, Joel Behrendt, Andreas Behrendt, Rainer Blyth, Alan Coulter, Richard Crewell, Susanne Di Girolamo, Paolo Dorninger, Manfred Flamant, Cyrille Foken, Thomas Hagen, Martin Hauck, Christian Hoeller, Hartmut Konow, Heike Kunz, Michael Mahlke, Holger Mobbs, Stephen Richard, Evelyne Steinacker, Reinhold Weckwerth, Tammy Wieser, Andreas Wulfmeyer, Volker TI Mechanisms initiating deep convection over complex terrain during COPS SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID FREIBURG-SCHAUINSLAND AREA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STORM INITIATION; IHOP-2002; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; MOISTURE; PROJECT; WINDS AB Precipitating convection in a mountain region of moderate topography is investigated, with particular emphasis on its initiation in response to boundary-layer and mid- and upper-tropospheric forcing mechanisms. The data used in the study are from COPS (Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study) that took place in southwestern Germany and eastern France in the summer of 2007. It is found that the initiation of precipitating convection can be roughly classified as being due to either: (i) surface heating and low-level flow convergence; (ii) surface heating and moisture supply overcoming convective inhibition during latent and/or potential instability; or (iii) mid-tropospheric dynamical processes due to mesoscale convergence lines and forced mean vertical motion. These phenomena have to be adequately represented in models in order to improve quantitative precipitation forecast. Selected COPS cases are analysed and classified into these initiation categories. Although only a subset of COPS data (mainly radiosondes, surface weather stations, radar and satellite data) are used here, it is shown that convective systems are captured in considerable detail by sensor synergy. Convergence lines were observed by Doppler radar in the location where deep convection is triggered several hours later. The results suggest that in many situations, observations of the location and timing of convergence lines will facilitate the nowcasting of convection. Further on, forecasting of the initiation of convection is significantly complicated if advection of potentially convective air masses over changing terrain features plays a major role. The passage of a frontal structure over the Vosges - Rhine valley - Black Forest orography was accompanied by an intermediate suppression of convection over the wide Rhine valley. Further downstream, an intensification of convection was observed over the Black Forest due to differential surface heating, a convergence line, and the flow generated by a gust front. C1 [Kottmeier, Christoph; Barthlott, Christian; Corsmeier, Ulrich; Hauck, Christian; Konow, Heike; Kunz, Michael; Mahlke, Holger; Wieser, Andreas] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, KIT, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kalthoff, Norbert; Van Baelen, Joel] UBP CNRS, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Behrendt, Andreas; Wulfmeyer, Volker] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Hohenheim, Germany. [Behrendt, Rainer] Hessischer Rundfunk, Frankfurt, Germany. [Blyth, Alan; Mobbs, Stephen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Coulter, Richard] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Crewell, Susanne] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. [Di Girolamo, Paolo] Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Dorninger, Manfred] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. [Flamant, Cyrille] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Foken, Thomas] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, Bayreuth, Germany. [Hagen, Martin; Hoeller, Hartmut] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Richard, Evelyne] CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-75700 Paris, France. [Richard, Evelyne] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Weckwerth, Tammy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kottmeier, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, KIT, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM christoph.kottmeier@imk.fzk.de RI Richard, Evelyne/G-9506-2011; Barthlott, Christian/A-9552-2013; Kalthoff, Norbert/A-9576-2013; Kottmeier, Christoph/A-9553-2013; Kunz, Michael/B-1186-2013; Wieser, Andreas/A-3533-2013; Corsmeier, Ulrich/B-2496-2013; Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013; OI Crewell, Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805; Behrendt, Andreas/0000-0003-2719-4354; Foken, Thomas/0000-0003-4562-9083 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); CONSTANCE [P-19658]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF); Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); Institut Nationale des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Natural Environment Research Council FX The authors wish to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding the Priority Program SPP 1167 in which COPS was embedded. We also thank the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) for providing surface station and radar data as well as the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) for Meteosat-8 Rapid Scans. Additional surface station data was kindly provided by the Landesanstalt fur Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Wurttemberg (LUBW). The Austrian contribution was funded by the Project CONSTANCE P-19658 of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). We are also grateful to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program for operating the ARM Mobile Facility. The French contribution was supported by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, project COPS-France), Institut Nationale des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU, programme LEFE) and Meteo-France. The UK contribution was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council. NR 29 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 11 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 931 EP 948 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0348 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386II UT WOS:000261876500018 ER PT S AU Allison, DP Dufrene, YF Doktycz, MJ Hildebrand, M AF Allison, David P. Dufrene, Yves F. Doktycz, Mitchel J. Hildebrand, Mark BE Jena, BP TI Biomineralization at the Nanoscale: Learning from Diatoms SO METHODS IN NANO CELL BIOLOGY SE Methods in Cell Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; CELL-WALL; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; MICROBIAL-CELLS; FINE-STRUCTURE; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; CYLINDROTHECA-FUSIFORMIS; MOLECULAR BIOMIMETICS; NAVICULA-PELLICULOSA C1 [Allison, David P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dufrene, Yves F.] Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Chim Interfaces, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hildebrand, Mark] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Allison, DP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Dufrene, Yves/0000-0002-7289-4248 NR 93 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X BN 978-1-59749-270-6 J9 METHOD CELL BIOL JI Methods Cell Biol. PY 2008 VL 90 BP 61 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0091-679X(08)00804-2 PG 26 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BIR53 UT WOS:000262258800004 PM 19195546 ER EF