FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Takahama, S Gilardoni, S Russell, LM Kilcoyne, ALD AF Takahama, S. Gilardoni, S. Russell, L. M. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. TI Classification of multiple types of organic carbon composition in atmospheric particles by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol; microscopy; carbonaceous aerosol; organic; functional group; NEXAFS; XANES; STXM ID C(1S) NEXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PARTICULATE MATTER; BLACK CARBON; DIESEL SOOT; HUMIC-LIKE; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB A scanning transmission X-ray microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is used to measure organic functional group abundance and morphology of atmospheric aerosols. We present a summary of spectra, sizes, and shapes observed in 595 particles that were collected and analyzed between 2000 and 2006. These particles ranged between 0. 1 and 12 gm, and represent aerosols found in a large range of geographical areas, altitudes, and times. They include samples from seven different field campaigns: PELTI, ACE-ASIA, DYCOMS II, Princeton, MILAGRO (urban), MILAGRO (C-130), and INTEX-B. At least 14 different classes of organic particles show different types of spectroscopic signatures. Different particle types are found within the same region while the same particle types are also found in different geographical domains. Particles chemically resembling black carbon, humic-like aerosols, pine ultisol, and secondary or processed aerosol have been identified from functional group abundance and comparison of spectra with those published in the literature. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahama, S.; Gilardoni, S.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept 0221, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept 0221, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu RI Gilardoni, Stefania/P-1283-2014; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Gilardoni, Stefania/0000-0002-7312-5571; NR 83 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9435 EP 9451 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.051 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700015 ER PT J AU Sreedharan, P Sohn, MD Nazaroff, WW Gadgil, AJ AF Sreedharan, Priya Sohn, Michael D. Nazaroff, William W. Gadgil, Ashok J. TI Influence of indoor transport and mixing time scales on the performance of sensor systems for characterizing contaminant releases SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sensor system; multizone model; contaminant transport; inverse problem; Bayes Monte Carlo; buildings; time scales ID POLLUTANT; CONVECTION; BUILDINGS; FLOW AB Optimizing real-time sensor systems to detect and identify relevant characteristics of an indoor contaminant event is a challenging task. The interpretation of incoming sensor data is confounded by uncertainties in building operation, in the forces driving contaminant transport, and in the physical parameters governing transport. In addition, simulation tools used by the sensor interpretation algorithm introduce modeling uncertainties. This paper explores how the time scales inherent in contaminant transport influence the information that can be extracted from real-time sensor data. In particular, we identify three time scales (within room mixing, room-to-room transport, and removal from the building) and study how they affect the ability of a Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) sensor interpretation algorithm to identify the release location and release mass from a set of experimental data, recorded in a multi-floor building. The research shows that some limitations in the BMC approach do not depend on details of the models or the algorithmic implementation, but rather on the physics of contaminant transport. These inherent constraints have implications for the design of sensor systems. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sreedharan, Priya; Sohn, Michael D.; Nazaroff, William W.; Gadgil, Ashok J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sreedharan, Priya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nazaroff, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sreedharan, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psreedharan@lbl.gov RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 40 BP 9530 EP 9542 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.039 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251FA UT WOS:000252355700022 ER PT J AU Wang, HC Peng, MS Chen, Y Geng, J Robinson, H Houslay, MD Cai, J Ke, HM AF Wang, Huanchen Peng, Ming-Sheng Chen, Yi Geng, Jie Robinson, Howard Houslay, Miles D. Cai, Jiwen Ke, Hengming TI Structures of the four subfamilies of phosphodiesterase-4 provide insight into the selectivity of their inhibitors SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cAMP phosphodiesterase; 4-[8-(3-nitrophenyl)-[1,7]-naphthyridin-6-yl]benzoic acid (NVP); phosphodiesterase-4 crystal structure; phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor ID CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES; AMP-SPECIFIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE; PROTEIN-KINASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; BETA-ARRESTIN; PDE4; ACTIVATION; CELLS; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES AB PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4)-selective inhibitors have attracted much attention as potential therapeutics for the treatment of both depression and major inflammatory diseases, but their practical application has been compromised by side effects. A possible cause for the side effects is that current PDE4-selective inhibitors similarly inhibit isoforms from all four PDE4 subfamilies. The development of PDE4 subfamily-selective inhibitors has been hampered by a lack of structural information. In the present study, we rectify this by providing the crystal structures of the catalytic domains of PDE4A, PDE4B and PDE4D in complex with the PDE4 inhibitor NVP {4-[8-(3-nitrophenyl)-[1,7]naphthyridin-6-yl]benzoic acid} as well as the uniliganded PDE4C structure. NVP binds in the same conformation to the deep cAMP substrate pocket and interacts with the same residues in each instance. However, detailed structural comparison reveals significant conformational differences. Although the active sites of PDE4B and PDE4D are mostly comparable, PDE4A shows significant displacements of the residues next to the invariant glutamine residue that is critical for substrate and inhibitor binding. PDE4C appears to be more distal from other PDE4 subfamilies, with certain key residues being disordered. Our analyses provide the first structural basis for the development of PDE4 subfamily-selective inhibitors. C1 Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Mol Pharmacol Grp, Glasgow G12 8OQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Cai, J (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. EM hke@med.unc.edu RI Houslay, Miles/A-6825-2011; OI Houslay, Miles/0000-0002-3826-8091 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59791, R01 GM059791] NR 45 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 408 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1042/BJ20070970 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 239CU UT WOS:000251496900005 PM 17727341 ER PT J AU Graham, RL AF Graham, Robin L. TI Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies: the challenges and the rewards SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Article DE biomass supplies; sustainability; energy crops; biomass assessments; biomass resources; biofeedstocks ID UNITED-STATES; CORN STOVER; CROP PRODUCTION; WATER YIELD; RESIDUES; BIOMASS; FEEDSTOCK; BIOENERGY; COST; METHODOLOGY AB Forecasting the magnitude of sustainable biofeedstock supplies is challenging because of 1) myriad potential feedstock types and their management; 2) the need to account for the spatial variation of both the supplies and their environmental and economic consequences; and 3) the inherent challenges of optimizing across economic and environmental considerations. Over the last two decades, US biomass forecasts have become increasingly complex and sensitive to environmental and economic considerations; however, more model development and research is needed. In particular, the landscape and regional tradeoffs of differing biofeedstock supplies need to be addressed, especially with regard to water quality concerns and wildlife/biodiversity. Feedstock assessments need to be done in the context of the direction of land-use change induced by biofeedstock production; they need to take into consideration both the starting environmental and economic conditions before the land was used to supply biofeedstocks and the probable future conditions that would result in the absence of biofeedstock production. To evaluate sustainability, process-oriented models need to be coupled or used to inform sector models and more work needs to be done on developing environmental metrics that are useful for evaluating economic and environmental tradeoffs. These challenges are exciting and worthwhile as they will enable the bioenergy industry to capture the environmental and social benefits of biofeedstock production and reduce risks. Published in 2007 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Grahamrl@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Biomass Program [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Biomass Program within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1002/bbb.33 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 385MY UT WOS:000261819500016 ER PT J AU Mu, FP Williams, RF Unkefer, CJ Unkefer, PJ Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Mu, Fangping Williams, Robert F. Unkefer, Clifford J. Unkefer, Pat J. Faeder, James R. Hlavacek, William S. TI Carbon-fate maps for metabolic reactions SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; FLUX ANALYSIS; INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM; BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; MAPPING MATRICES; PATHWAYS; DATABASE; DISTRIBUTIONS; INFORMATION AB Motivation: Stable isotope labeling of small-molecule metabolites (e.g. C-13-labeling of glucose) is a powerful tool for characterizing pathways and reaction fluxes in a metabolic network. Analysis of isotope labeling patterns requires knowledge of the fates of individual atoms and moieties in reactions, which can be difficult to collect in a useful form when considering a large number of enzymatic reactions. Results: We report carbon-fate maps for 4605 enzyme-catalyzed reactions documented in the KEGG database. Every fate map has been manually checked for consistency with known reaction mechanisms. A map includes a standardized structure-based identifier for each reactant (namely, an InChI string); indices for carbon atoms that are uniquely derived from the metabolite identifiers; structural data, including an identification of homotopic and prochiral carbon atoms; and a bijective map relating the corresponding carbon atoms in substrates and products. Fate maps are defined using the BioNetGen language (BNGL), a formal model-specification language, which allows a set of maps to be automatically translated into isotopomer mass-balance equations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM76570, GM35556] NR 42 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 3193 EP 3199 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm498 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 236WT UT WOS:000251334800012 PM 17933853 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Bell, JM Bolton, H Bailey, VL AF Smith, J. L. Bell, J. M. Bolton, H., Jr. Bailey, V. L. TI The initial rate of C substrate utilization and longer-term soil C storage SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE C storage; C-14; C priming; substrate utilization; C sequestration ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE AMOUNTS; TURNOVER; GLUCOSE; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; MECHANISMS; CELLULOSE AB The initial reaction of microbial transformation and turnover of soil carbon inputs may influence the magnitude of longer-term net soil C storage. The objective of this study was to test the merit of the hypothesis that the more rapid substrates are initially utilized, the longer the residual products remain in the soil. We used simple model C compounds to determine their decomposition rates and persistence over time. Pure C-14 compounds of glucose, acetate, arginine, oxalate, phenylalanine, and urea were incubated in soil for 125 days at 24 degrees C. Total respired CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 was quantitatively measured every day for 15 days and residual soil C-14 after 125 days. The percent C-14 remaining in the soil after 125 days of incubation was positively and significantly correlated with the percent substrate utilized in the first day of incubation. The C-14 in the microbial biomass ranged from 4 - 15% after 15 days and declined through day 125, contributing significantly to the C-14 that evolved over the longer time period. Priming of C-12 soil organic matter (SOM) was negative at day 3 but became positive, reaching a maximum on day 12; the total increase in soil C from added substrates was greater than the primed C. The primed C came from C-12 SOM rather than the microbial biomass. This data supports the concept that the more rapidly a substrate is initially mineralized, the more persistent it will be in the soil over time. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0206-x PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 229VD UT WOS:000250833100008 ER PT J AU Bajaj, P Akin, D Gupta, A Sherman, D Shi, B Auciello, O Bashir, R AF Bajaj, Piyush Akin, Demir Gupta, Amit Sherman, Debby Shi, Bing Auciello, Orlando Bashir, Rashid TI Ultrananocrystalline diamond film as an optimal cell interface for biomedical applications SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE ultrananocrystalline diamond; MEMS; BioMEMS; biocompatibility; nanomaterial; UNCD ID MICROWAVE PLASMAS; IN-VITRO; GROWTH AB Surfaces of materials that promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth are critical for new generation of implantable biomedical devices. These films should be able to coat complex geometrical shapes very conformally, with smooth surfaces to produce hermetic bioinert protective coatings, or to provide surfaces for cell grafting through appropriate functionalization. Upon performing a survey of desirable properties such as chemical inertness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, and a high Young's modulus, diamond films emerge as very attractive candidates for coatings for biomedical devices. A promising novel material is ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD (R)) in thin film form, since UNCD possesses the desirable properties of diamond and can be deposited as a very smooth, conformal coating using chemical vapor deposition. In this paper, we compared cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth on UNCD films, silicon, and platinum films substrates using different cell lines. Our results showed that UNCD films exhibited superior characteristics including cell number, total cell area, and cell spreading. The results could be attributed to the nanostructured nature or a combination of nanostructure/surface chemistry of UNCD, which provides a high surface energy, hence promoting adhesion between the receptors on the cell surface and the UNCD films. C1 Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, Brick Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Electron Microscopy Facil, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, BioMEMS Resource Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Bashir, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, Brick Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov; bashir@purdue.edu RI Akin, Demir/D-3581-2012; Bajaj, Piyush/H-6058-2013 OI Akin, Demir/0000-0002-2296-4674; Bajaj, Piyush/0000-0002-9540-5988 NR 18 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s10544-007-9090-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224QT UT WOS:000250462200002 PM 17530409 ER PT J AU Dhungana, S Michalczyk, R Boukhalfa, H Lack, JG Koppisch, AT Fairlee, JM Johnson, MT Ruggiero, CE John, SG Cox, MM Browder, CC Forsythe, JH Vanderberg, LA Neu, MP Hersman, LE AF Dhungana, Suraj Michalczyk, Ryszard Boukhalfa, Hakim Lack, Joseph G. Koppisch, Andrew T. Fairlee, Jason M. Johnson, Mitchell T. Ruggiero, Christy E. John, Seth G. Cox, Matthew M. Browder, Cindy C. Forsythe, Jennifer H. Vanderberg, Laura A. Neu, Mary P. Hersman, Larry E. TI Purification and characterization of rhodobactin: a mixed ligand siderophore from Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain OFS SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Rhodococcus; rhodobactin; siderophore; catecholate; hydroxamate ID MEDIATED IRON TRANSPORT; EXOCHELIN MN; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; EXTRACELLULAR SIDEROPHORE; 2,3-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GENUS RHODOCOCCUS; DONOR GROUPS; IDENTIFICATION AB The siderophore produced by Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain OFS, rhodobactin, was isolated from iron-deficient cultures and purified by a combination of XAD-7 absorptive/ partition resin column and semi-preparative HPLC. The siderophore structure was characterized using 1D and 2D H-1, C-13 and N-15 NMR techniques (DQFCOSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and LR-HSQC) and was confirmed using ESI-MS and MS/MS experiments. The structural characterization revealed that the siderophore, rhodobactin, is a mixed ligand hexadentate siderophore with two catecholate and one hydroxamate moieties for iron chelation. We further investigated the effects of Fe concentrations on siderophore production and found that Fe limiting conditions ( Fe concentrations from 0.1 mu M to 2.0 mu M) facilitated siderophore excretion. Our interests lie in the role that siderophores may have in binding metals at mixed contamination sites ( containing metals/radionuclides and organics). Given the broad metabolic capacity of this microbe and its Fe scavenging ability, R. rhodochrous OFS may have a competitive advantage over other organisms employed in bioremediation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hersman, LE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hersman@lanl.gov RI Browder, Cindy/F-4700-2017; OI Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 853 EP 867 DI 10.1007/s10534-006-9079-y PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 224QW UT WOS:000250462500004 PM 17273817 ER PT J AU Choi, J Saripalli, P Meldrum, D Lee, JY AF Choi, Jaeyoung Saripalli, Prasad Meldrum, Deirdre Lee, Ju Young TI Development of cellular absorptive tracers (CATS) for a quantitative characterization of microbial mass in flow systems SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular absorptive tracers; CXTFIT; biomass morphology; flow system ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT AB A new method was developed for a simple non-destructive characterization of bacterial mass in flow systems. Results of partition and transport experiments showed that adsorption of a CAT molecule into the cellular mass resulted in its retardation during flow, which was a good measure of the biomass quantity and distribution. Three dyes, acridine orange (AO), toluidine blue (TB), and safranin O (SO), were chosen as CATs to demonstrate their utility to quantitatively characterize the biomass, its location and morphology in flow system. The results clearly demonstrated the applicability of AO, TB, and SO as cellular absorptive tracers in columnar flow experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Gangneung Inst, Kangnung 210703, South Korea. PNNL, Richland, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, MLSC, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Gangneung Inst, Kangnung 210703, South Korea. EM jchoi@kist.re.kr NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 18 BP 3630 EP 3633 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.030 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 217VF UT WOS:000249974700029 PM 17329099 ER PT J AU Albertson, D Chin, K Devries, S Feiler, H Pinkel, D Spellman, P Waldman, F Wang, N Hennessy, B Mills, G Barcellos, HMH Bissell, M Guan, Y Hu, Z Kuo, WL McCormick, F Neve, R Stampfer, M Wooster, R Yaswen, P Das, D Fridlyand, J Correll, E Jin, J Nordmeyer, B Sudar, D Chew, K Dairkee, S Ljung, BM Hwang, S Esserman, L Arbushites, M Benz, C Koehler, M Marks, JD Zhou, Y Park, J Weber, B Gray, J AF Albertson, D. Chin, K. Devries, S. Feiler, H. Pinkel, D. Spellman, P. Waldman, F. Wang, N. Hennessy, B. Mills, G. Barcellos, Hoff M. H. Bissell, M. Guan, Y. Hu, Z. Kuo, W-L McCormick, F. Neve, R. Stampfer, M. Wooster, R. Yaswen, P. Das, D. Fridlyand, J. Correll, E. Jin, J. Nordmeyer, B. Sudar, D. Chew, K. Dairkee, S. Ljung, B. M. Hwang, S. Esserman, L. Arbushites, M. Benz, C. Koehler, M. Marks, J. D. Zhou, Y. Park, J. Weber, B. Gray, J. TI Genomic approaches to breast cancer subset identification and treatment SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 13-16, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP San Antonio Canc Inst, Baylor Coll Med C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 106 SU 1 BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 237TE UT WOS:000251398500026 ER PT J AU Rauber, RM Stevens, B Ochs, HT Knight, C Albrecht, BA Blyth, AM Fairall, CW Jensen, JB Lasher-Trapp, SG Mayol-Bracero, OL Vali, G Anderson, JR Baker, BA Bandy, AR Burnet, E Brenguier, JL Brewer, WA Brown, PRA Chuang, P Cotton, WR Girolamo, LD Geerts, B Gerber, H Goke, S Gomes, L Heikes, BG Hudson, JG Kollias, P Lawson, RP Krueger, SK Lenschow, DH Nuijens, L O'Sullivan, DW Rilling, RA Rogers, DC Siebesma, AP Snodgrass, E Stith, JL Thornton, DC Tucker, S Twohy, CH Zuidema, P AF Rauber, Robert M. Stevens, Bjorn Ochs, Harry T., III Knight, Charles Albrecht, B. A. Blyth, A. M. Fairall, C. W. Jensen, J. B. Lasher-Trapp, S. G. Mayol-Bracero, O. L. Vali, G. Anderson, J. R. Baker, B. A. Bandy, A. R. Burnet, E. Brenguier, J. L. Brewer, W. A. Brown, P. R. A. Chuang, P. Cotton, W. R. Girolamo, L. D. Geerts, B. Gerber, H. Goke, S. Gomes, L. Heikes, B. G. Hudson, J. G. Kollias, P. Lawson, R. P. Krueger, S. K. Lenschow, D. H. Nuijens, L. O'Sullivan, D. W. Rilling, R. A. Rogers, D. C. Siebesma, A. P. Snodgrass, E. Stith, J. L. Thornton, D. C. Tucker, S. Twohy, C. H. Zuidema, P. TI Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean - The RICO campaign SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ENTRAINMENT; WARM; SPECTRA; CLIMATE; GROWTH; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB Shallow, maritime cumuli are ubiquitous over much of the tropical oceans, and characterizing their properties is important to understanding weather and climate. The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign, which took place during November 2004-January 2005 in the trades over the western Atlantic, emphasized measurements of processes related to the formation of rain in shallow cumuli, and how rain subsequently modifies the structure and ensemble statistics of trade wind clouds. Eight weeks of nearly continuous S-band polarimetric radar sampling, 57 flights from three heavily instrumented research aircraft, and a suite of ground- and ship-based instrumentation provided data on trade wind clouds with unprecedented resolution. Observational strategies employed during RICO capitalized on the advances in remote sensing and other instrumentation to provide insight into processes that span a range of scales and that lie at the heart of questions relating to the cause and effects of rain from shallow maritime cumuli. C1 [Rauber, Robert M.; Ochs, Harry T., III; Girolamo, L. D.; Goke, S.; Snodgrass, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Knight, Charles; Jensen, J. B.; Lenschow, D. H.; Rilling, R. A.; Rogers, D. C.; Stith, J. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Albrecht, B. A.; Zuidema, P.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Blyth, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Fairall, C. W.; Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lasher-Trapp, S. G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mayol-Bracero, O. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Vali, G.; Geerts, B.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Anderson, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Baker, B. A.; Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Bandy, A. R.; Thornton, D. C.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burnet, E.; Brenguier, J. L.] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Brown, P. R. A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chuang, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cotton, W. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gerber, H.] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hudson, J. G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Kollias, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Krueger, S. K.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Nuijens, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [O'Sullivan, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. [Siebesma, A. P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rauber, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rauber@atoms.uiuc.edu RI Jensen, Jorgen/C-9211-2009; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Brown, Philip/D-9819-2013; OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Brown, Philip/0000-0003-4643-4923; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148 NR 47 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1912 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1912 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100014 ER PT J AU Zhou, RM Stump, BW AF Zhou, Rong-Mao Stump, Brian W. TI Frequency-domain scaling of single-fired mining explosions with different confinements and explosive weights detonated in porphyry granite SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS; GROUND MOTIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; NUCLEAR; SITE; BLASTS; MODELS; SPALL; MESA AB A series of single-fired (simultaneously detonated) explosions were conducted in an Arizona copper mine. The explosions spanned yields from 773 to 6182 kg and were all detonated in an approximately 100 by 100 in area. The individual explosions were also detonated under three different emplacement conditions including at the free face of the mine under normal burden (distance from the free face) resulting in failure and movement of the free face, at twice-normal burden with free surface failure and cratering, and at twice-normal depth, which fully contained the explosions. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between explosive weight and confinement on the amplitude and frequency content of seismic waves. Empirical scaling relations for the different shots in this test series were developed using common receivers in order to quantify the effects of explosive weight and confinement. Spectral ratios between observations at the same stations for the different explosions were used to remove common instrument and propagation path effects from the data set. Empirical scaling functions estimated from data at ranges from a few hundred meters to several tens of kilometers produce similar results. The Mueller-Murphy source model has been used to assess the effects of explosion depth and material in which the explosions are detonated. Material properties were measured for the porphyry granite at the mine and were used in forward models for the yield scaling of the fully contained explosions. The forward models replicate the empirical scaling functions at low frequency (< 8 Hz) for the contained explosions illustrating the ability to appropriately account for source corner and relative sizes of the absolute energy coupled into the ground. Enhanced coupling near 10 Hz may be related to near-surface spallation or the cylindrical shape of the borehole containing the explosives. The empirical scaling relations suggest that the free-face explosions result in a factor of 24 smaller amplitudes below similar to 3 Hz compared to the fully contained explosions with the spectral differences decreasing at higher frequencies as illustrated by time domain comparisons dominated by higher frequencies. C1 [Zhou, Rong-Mao] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stump, Brian W.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Zhou, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rzhou@lanl.gov; bstump@smu.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1862 EP 1879 DI 10.1785/0120060162 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400008 ER PT J AU Askan, A Akcelik, V Bielak, J Ghattas, O AF Askan, Aysegul Akcelik, Volkan Bielak, Jacobo Ghattas, Omar TI Full waveform inversion for seismic velocity and anelastic losses in heterogeneous structures SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; EARTH STRUCTURE; EFFICIENT SIMULATION; ADJOINT METHODS; SURFACE-WAVES; CONSTANT-Q; ATTENUATION; PROPAGATION; DOMAIN; METHODOLOGY AB We present a least-squares optimization method for solving the nonlinear full waveform inverse problem of determining the crustal velocity and intrinsic attenuation properties of sedimentary valleys in earthquake-prone regions. Given a known earthquake source and a set of seismograms generated by the source, the inverse problem is to reconstruct the anelastic properties of a heterogeneous medium with possibly discontinuous wave velocities. The inverse problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints are the partial and ordinary differential equations governing the anelastic wave propagation from the source to the receivers in the time domain. This leads to a variational formulation in terms of the material model plus the state variables and their adjoints. We employ a wave propagation model in which the intrinsic energy-dissipating nature of the soil medium is modeled by a set of standard linear solids. The least-squares optimization approach to inverse wave propagation presents the well-known difficulties of ill posedness and multiple minima. To overcome ill posedness, we include a total variation regularization functional in the objective function, which annihilates highly oscillatory material property components while preserving discontinuities in the medium. To treat multiple minima, we use a multilevel algorithm that solves a sequence of subproblems on increasingly finer grids with increasingly higher frequency source components to remain within the basin of attraction of the global minimum. We illustrate the methodology with high-resolution inversions for two-dimensional sedimentary models of the San Fernando Valley, under SH-wave excitation. We perform inversions for both the seismic velocity and the intrinsic attenuation using synthetic waveforms at the observer locations as pseudoobserved data. C1 [Askan, Aysegul; Bielak, Jacobo] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Computat Seismol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Akcelik, Volkan] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ghattas, Omar] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Dept Mech Engn, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Askan, A (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM aaslcan@andrew.cmu.edu; volkan@slac.stanford.edu; omar@ices.utexas.edu NR 66 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1990 EP 2008 DI 10.1785/0120070079 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400016 ER PT J AU Yang, X Lay, T Xie, XB Thorne, MS AF Yang, Xiaoning Lay, Thorne Xie, Xiao-Bi Thorne, Michael S. TI Geometric spreading of P-n and S-n in a spherical Earth model SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHISPERING-GALLERY PHASES; RANGE PROFILE QUARTZ; VELOCITY-GRADIENTS; LATERAL VARIATIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL-ASIA; ATTENUATION; BENEATH; DISCRIMINANTS AB Geometric spreading of P,, and S, waves in a spherical Earth model is different than that of classical headwaves and is frequency dependent. The behavior cannot be fully represented by a frequency-independent power-law model, as is commonly assumed. The lack of an accurate representation of P-n and S-n geometric spreading in a spherical Earth model impedes our ability to characterize Earth properties including anelasticity. We conduct numerical simulations to quantify P-n and S-n geometric spreading in a spherical Earth model with constant mantle-lid velocities. Based on our simulation results, we present new empirical P, and S, geometric-spreading models in the form G(r, f) = [10(n3(f)))/r(0)](r(0)/r)(n1(f)log(r0/r)+n2(f)) and n(i)(f) = n(i1)[log(f/f(0))](2) + n(i2) log(f/f(0)) + n(i3), where i = 1, 2, or 3; r is epicentral distance; f is frequency; r(0) = 1 km; and f(0) = 1 Hz. We derive values of coefficients n(ij) by fitting the model to computed P-n and S-n amplitudes for a spherical Earth model having a 40-km-thick crust, generic values of P and S velocities, and a constant-velocity uppermost mantle. We apply the new spreading model to observed data in Eurasia to estimate average P-n attenuation, obtaining more reasonable results compared to using a standard power-law model. Our new P-n and S-n geometric-spreading models provide generally applicable reference behavior for spherical Earth models with constant uppermost-mantle velocities. C1 [Yang, Xiaoning] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lay, Thorne] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Xie, Xiao-Bi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Thorne, Michael S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, EES 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 2053 EP 2065 DI 10.1785/0120070031 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 241TJ UT WOS:000251678400020 ER PT J AU Kampschroer, K Heerwagen, J Powell, K AF Kampschroer, Kevin Heerwagen, Judith Powell, Kevin TI Creating and testing workplace strategy SO CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article AB 5The growing demand for new approaches to support the changing nature of work and organizational structure has spawned innovations from both manufacturers and space designers. The result is a multitude of new concepts and designs, but little data on how well and under what circumstances these innovations are effective. New products, technologies, and concepts are frequently implemented without knowledge of their impacts on work, much less their value to high-level organizational goals. The measurement most commonly used is still cost, or even less sensibly, square feet. To remedy this shortcoming, the U.S. General Service Administration's Public Buildings Service assembled an interagency research team and recognized academic and private sector leaders to identify "best practice" workplace strategies and the research tools holding the most promise for evaluating their impact. They evaluated the linkages among organizational performance (Business), the physical attributes of the workspace (Building), and the changes in work processes, perceptions, and attitudes that result from changes to this physical space (Behavior). This article provides an overview of the GSA program and preliminary results from two pilot projects. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU UNIV CALIF PI BERKELEY PA GRAD SCH BUSINESS ADMIN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0008-1256 J9 CALIF MANAGE REV JI Calif. Manage. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 119 EP + PG 20 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 144BM UT WOS:000244770100008 ER PT J AU Vigneault, A Johnson, DK Chornet, E AF Vigneault, Alexandre Johnson, David K. Chornet, Esteban TI Base-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin: Separation of monomers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulosic biomass conversion via fractionation; lignin upgrading; monomer; biochemicals ID ADDUCTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MIXTURE; CRESOL AB In our quest for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass and valorizing specific constitutive fractions, we have developed a strategy for the separation of 12 added value monomers generated during the hydrolytic based-catalyzed depolymerization of a Steam Exploded Aspen Lignin. The separation strategy combines liquid-liquid-extraction (LLE), followed by vacuum distillation, liquid chromatography (LC) and crystallization. LLE, vacuum distillation and flash LC were tested experimentally. Batch vacuum distillation produced up to 4 fractions. Process simulation confirmed that a series of 4 vacuum distillation columns could produce 5 distinct monomer streams, 3 of which require further chromatography and crystallization for purification. C1 [Vigneault, Alexandre; Chornet, Esteban] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Genie Chim, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Johnson, David K.; Chornet, Esteban] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Vigneault, A (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Genie Chim, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM rnchomet@interlinx.qc.ca RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011 OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 6 BP 906 EP 916 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 253IU UT WOS:000252512700012 ER PT J AU Rizki, A Mott, JD Bissell, MJ AF Rizki, Aylin Mott, Joni D. Bissell, Mina J. TI Polo-like kinase 1 is involved in invasion through extracellular matrix SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; PLK1; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; CHECKPOINT; MITOSIS; GROWTH; CANCER AB Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has important functions in maintaining genome stability via its role in mitosis. Because PLK1 is up-regulated in many invasive carcinomas, we asked whether it may also play a role in acquisition of invasiveness, a crucial step in transition to malignancy. In a model of metaplastic basal-like breast carcinoma progression, we found that PLK1 expression is necessary but not sufficient to induce invasiveness through laminin-rich extracellular matrix. PLK1 mediates invasion via vimentin and beta 1 integrin, both of which are necessary. We observed that PLK1 phosphorylates vimentin on Ser82, which in turn regulates cell surface levels of 1 integrin. We found PLK1 to be also highly expressed in preinvasive in situ carcinomas of the breast. These results support a role for the involvement of PLK1 in the invasion process and point to this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for preinvasive and invasive breast carcinoma treatment. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rizki, A (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM arizki@vcu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA64786, CA88858, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, R01 CA088858, R37 CA064786] NR 21 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 23 BP 11106 EP 11110 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2348 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 238JQ UT WOS:000251444100004 PM 18056432 ER PT J AU Letant, SE Herberg, J Dinh, LN Maxwell, RS Simpson, RL Saab, AP AF Letant, Sonia E. Herberg, Julie Dinh, Long N. Maxwell, Robert S. Simpson, Randall L. Saab, Andrew P. TI Structure and catalytic activity of POSS-stabilized Pd nanoparticles SO CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE catalysis; nanoparticles; palladium; POSS ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGENATION; SILSESQUIOXANE; SURFACE; SIZE; NMR AB Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes have been characterized and determined to function as a heterogeneous catalyst. TEM and SEM studies indicate the material comprises 2-5 nm diameter Pd crystallites in a POSS layer, which aggregate to form spherical secondary structures of about 50 nm in diameter. Solid-state NMR reveals that the primary interaction between Pd and POSS is through the alkyl-amino functional groups on the POSS cage, in addition to some weak interactions with the cage itself. This material is observed by microbalance measurements to efficiently catalyze the direct hydrogenation of 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Saab, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM saab2@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7367 J9 CATAL COMMUN JI Catal. Commun. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2137 EP 2142 DI 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.04.034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 235BQ UT WOS:000251208900052 ER PT J AU Ji, YY Toops, TJ Crocker, M AF Ji, Yaying Toops, Todd J. Crocker, Mark TI Effect of ceria on the storage and regeneration behavior of a model lean NOx trap catalyst SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NOx; storage; reduction; LNT; ceria ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; REDUCTION; DRIFTS; H-2 AB In this study the effect of ceria addition on the performance of a model Ba-based lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst was examined. The presence of ceria improved NOx storage capacity in the temperature range 200-400 degrees C under both continuous lean and lean-rich cycling conditions. Temperature-programmed experiments showed that NOx stored in the ceria-containing catalyst was thermally less stable and more reactive to reduction with both H-2 and CO as reductants, albeit at the expense of additional reductant consumed by reduction of the ceria. These findings demonstrate that the incorporation of ceria in LNTs not only improves NOx storage efficiency but also positively impacts LNT regeneration behavior. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emission Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Crocker, M (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM crocker@caer.uky.edu RI Crocker, Mark/A-2704-2008 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s10562-007-9226-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 232CQ UT WOS:000250996200010 ER PT J AU Isakovic, AF AF Isakovic, A. F. TI Numerical study of the phase space of modulated exponentially coupled harmonic oscillators SO CHAOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Gallery of Nanlinear Image held at the American-Physical-Society Meeting CY MAR 05-08, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, APS Topical Grp Statist & Nonlinear Phys C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isakovic, AF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Isakovic, Abdel/A-7430-2009 OI Isakovic, Abdel/0000-0003-1779-4209 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 AR 041109 DI 10.1063/1.2779131 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 246DK UT WOS:000251987500009 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, P Aston, L Banks, M Barker, S Burress, J Carter, S Coleman, J Crockett, S Faulhaber, C Flavin, J Gordon, M Hardcastle, L Kallenborn, Z Kemiki, M Lapilli, C Pobst, J Schott, R Shah, P Spellerberg, S Suppes, G Taylor, D Tekeei, A Wexler, C Wood, M Buckley, P Breier, T Downing, J Eastman, S Freeze, P Graham, S Grinter, S Howard, A Martinez, J Radke, D Vassalli, T Ilavsky, J AF Pfeifer, P. Aston, L. Banks, M. Barker, S. Burress, J. Carter, S. Coleman, J. Crockett, S. Faulhaber, C. Flavin, J. Gordon, M. Hardcastle, L. Kallenborn, Z. Kemiki, M. Lapilli, C. Pobst, J. Schott, R. Shah, P. Spellerberg, S. Suppes, G. Taylor, D. Tekeei, A. Wexler, C. Wood, M. Buckley, P. Breier, T. Downing, J. Eastman, S. Freeze, P. Graham, S. Grinter, S. Howard, A. Martinez, J. Radke, D. Vassalli, T. Ilavsky, J. TI Complex pore spaces create record-breaking methane storage system for natural-gas vehicles SO CHAOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Gallery of Nanlinear Image held at the American-Physical-Society Meeting CY MAR 05-08, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, APS Topical Grp Statist & Nonlinear Phys C1 [Pfeifer, P.; Aston, L.; Banks, M.; Barker, S.; Burress, J.; Carter, S.; Coleman, J.; Crockett, S.; Faulhaber, C.; Flavin, J.; Gordon, M.; Hardcastle, L.; Kallenborn, Z.; Kemiki, M.; Lapilli, C.; Pobst, J.; Schott, R.; Shah, P.; Spellerberg, S.; Suppes, G.; Taylor, D.; Tekeei, A.; Wexler, C.; Wood, M.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Buckley, P.; Breier, T.; Downing, J.; Eastman, S.; Freeze, P.; Graham, S.; Grinter, S.; Howard, A.; Martinez, J.; Radke, D.; Vassalli, T.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Ilavsky, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pfeifer, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Burress, Jacob/C-8258-2009; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Grinter, Sam Z/0000-0002-2629-2983 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 AR 041108 DI 10.1063/1.2786007 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 246DK UT WOS:000251987500008 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Sumbad, RA de Vere White, RW Turteltaub, KW Henderson, PT AF Hah, Sang Soo Sumbad, Rhoda A. de Vere White, Ralph W. Turteltaub, Kenneth W. Henderson, Paul T. TI Characterization of oxaliplatin-DNA adduct formation in DNA and differentiation of cancer cell drug sensitivity at microdose concentrations SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO; ESCHERICHIA COLI; CISPLATIN-DNA; CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II); CYTOTOXICITY; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES; CIS-DICHLORO(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)PLATINUM(II); IDENTIFICATION AB (trans-R,R)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexaneoxalatoplatinum(II) (oxaliplatin) is a recently approved platinum analogue for use in the chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. Like many cytotoxic drugs, oxaliplatin exerts its antitumor effects by covalent modification of DNA. We report an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) assay to measure the kinetics of oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage and repair. We determined the apparent rate of oxaliplatin adduction to salmon sperm DNA. The oxaliplatin-DNA adduct distribution was further investigated at the nucleoside level by HPLC-AMS. Cultured platinum-sensitive testicular (833K) and platinum-resistant breast and bladder (MDA-MB-231 and T24, respectively) cancer cells were incubated with a subpharmacological concentration of oxaliplatin (0.2 mu M). Both cellular and DNA radiocarbon contents in, the drug-sensitive testicular cells had approximately twice the area under the curve as compared to the more platinum-resistant cell lines, implying that differential accumulation of the drug may be responsible for the sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum treatment. The lowest concentration of radiocarbon measured was approximately 1 +/- 0.1 amol/mu g of DNA, when assaying 1/mu g of DNA. This sensitivity for measuring oxaliplatin-DNA adducts is the highest reported to date. The sensitivity offered by this method may be applicable to other DNA-damaging drugs, metabolisms studies, and diagnostics development. C1 [Hah, Sang Soo; Sumbad, Rhoda A.; Turteltaub, Kenneth W.; Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [de Vere White, Ralph W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Urol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hah, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hah2@llnl.gov; henderson48@llnl.gov RI Hah, Sang Soo/D-2621-2011 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.1021/tx700376a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 242NW UT WOS:000251733400003 PM 18001055 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Sumbad, RA Turteltaub, KW Henderson, PT AF Hah, Sang Soo Sumbad, Rhoda A. Turteltaub, Kenneth W. Henderson, Paul T. TI Kinetics and characterization of oxaliplatin-DNA adduct formation in naked DNA and cancer cells using accelerator mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 234th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 [Hah, Sang Soo; Sumbad, Rhoda A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Turteltaub, Kenneth W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hah2@llnl.gov RI Hah, Sang Soo/D-2621-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 MA 35 BP 1996 EP 1996 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 242NW UT WOS:000251733400066 ER PT J AU Henderson, PT AF Henderson, Paul T. TI Mechanism of 8-hydroxyguanine metabolism and incorporation into DNA and RNA: A novel route to mutagenesis from reactive oxygen species SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Division of Chemical Toxicology of the American-Chemical-Society held at the 234th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Toxicol C1 [Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Henderson48@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 MA 134 BP 2016 EP 2016 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 242NW UT WOS:000251733400165 ER PT J AU Yang, XL Kapoor, M Otero, FJ Slike, BM Tsuruta, H Frausto, R Bates, A Ewalt, KL Cheresh, DA Schimmel, P AF Yang, Xiang-Lei Kapoor, Mili Otero, Francella J. Slike, Bonnie M. Tsuruta, Hiro Frausto, Ricardo Bates, Alison Ewalt, Karla L. Cheresh, David A. Schimmel, Paul TI Gain-of-function mutational activation of human tRNA synthetase procytokine SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE MUTATION; GARS GENE; ANGIOGENESIS; CYTOKINE; NEUROPATHY; PROTEOLYSIS; FRAGMENT; MODEL AB Disease-causing mutations occur in genes for aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. That some mutations are dominant suggests a gain of function. Native tRNA synthetases, such as tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, catalyze aminoacylation and are also procytokines that are activated by natural fragmentation. In principle, however, gain-of-function phenotypes could arise from mutational activation of synthetase procytokines. From crystal structure analysis, we hypothesized that a steric block of a critical Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif in full-length TyrRS suppresses the cytokine activity of a natural fragment. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to uncover ELR in the procytokine by mutating a conserved tyrosine (Y341) that tethers ELR. Site-specific proteolytic cleavage and small-angle X-ray scattering established subtle opening of the structure by the mutation. Strikingly, four different assays demonstrated mutational activation of cytokine functions. The results prove the possibilities for constitutive gain-of-function mutations in tRNA synthetases. C1 [Yang, Xiang-Lei; Kapoor, Mili; Otero, Francella J.; Slike, Bonnie M.; Bates, Alison; Ewalt, Karla L.; Schimmel, Paul] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Biol Mol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Yang, Xiang-Lei; Kapoor, Mili; Otero, Francella J.; Slike, Bonnie M.; Bates, Alison; Ewalt, Karla L.; Schimmel, Paul] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Yang, Xiang-Lei; Kapoor, Mili; Otero, Francella J.; Slike, Bonnie M.; Bates, Alison; Ewalt, Karla L.; Schimmel, Paul] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tsuruta, Hiro] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Frausto, Ricardo; Cheresh, David A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Frausto, Ricardo; Cheresh, David A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Vasc Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Yang, XL (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Biol Mol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM xlyang@scripps.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA092577-07, R01 CA092577, CA 92577]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 23562, R01 GM015539-41, R01 GM015539] NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1323 EP 1333 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.10.016 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246UA UT WOS:000252031600007 PM 18096501 ER PT J AU Vazquez, GJ Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ AF Vazquez, Gustavo J. Dodge, Cleveland J. Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Interactions of uranium with polyphosphate SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE uranium; polyphosphate; phosphate; EXAFS; complexation ID INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; URANYL; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATE; IFEFFIT AB Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are simple linear phosphate (PO43-) polymers which are produced by a variety of microorganisms. One of their functions is to complex metals resulting in their precipitation. We investigated the interaction of phosphate and low-molecular-weight PolyP (1400-1900 Da) with uranyl ion at various pHs. Potentiometric titration of uranyl ion in the presence of phosphate showed two sharp inflection points at pHs 4 and 8 due to uranium hydrolysis reaction and interaction with phosphate. Titration of uranyl ion and PolyP revealed a broad inflection point starting at pH 4 indicating that complexation of U-PolyP occurs over a wide range of pHs with no uranium hydrolysis. EXAFS analysis of the U-HPO4 complex revealed that an insoluble uranyl phosphate species was formed below pH 6; at higher pH (>= 8) uranium formed a precipitate consisting of hydroxophosphato species. In contrast, adding uranyl ion to PolyP resulted in formation of U-PolyP complex over the entire pH range studied. At low pH (<= 6) an insoluble U-PolyP complex having a monodentate coordination of phosphate with uranium was observed. Above pH 6 however, a soluble bidentate complex with phosphate and uranium was predominant. These results show that the complexation and solubility of uranium with PO4 and PolyP are dependent upon pH. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vazquez, Gustavo J.; Dodge, Cleveland J.; Francis, Arokiasamy J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dodge, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dodge1@bnl.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242DS UT WOS:000251705300012 PM 17673274 ER PT J AU Grathoff, GH Baham, JE Easterly, HR Gassman, P Hugo, RC AF Grathoff, Georc H. Baham, John E. Easterly, Heather R. Gassman, Paul Hugo, Richard C. TI Mixed-valent Fe films ('Schwimmeisen') on the surface of reduced ephemeral pools SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE ephemeral pools; ferrihydrite; floating Fe film; geochemistry; mineralogy; morphology; mixed-valent; soils. ID AMORPHOUS THIN-FILMS; SYNTHETIC FERRIHYDRITE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; IRON OXIDATION; FRESH-WATER; SI; BACTERIA; KINETICS; FIELD AB Floating, mixed-valent Fe films have been observed worldwide in wetlands, ferrous iron-rich seeps, and in seasonally reduced soils, but are usually misidentified as oil or biofilms. There has been little characterization or explanation of their formation. Along the Oregon coast such films were found on ephemeral pools where Fe(II)-rich groundwater (similar to 100 mu M Fe) has been discharged at the base of Pleistocene sand duties. Fe(II) oxidized to Fe(III) at the air-water interface to form similar to 100-300 nm thick films. Analyses indicated that the films contained both Fe(III) and Fe(II) in a ratio of 3: 1; Si was the other main cation; OH was the main anion and some C was also identified. The film morphology was flat under optical and electron microscopy with some attached floccules having a string-like morphology. Energy-filtered electron diffraction patterns showed three diffraction rings at 4.5, 2.6 and 1.4 angstrom in some places and two rings (2.6 and 1.4 angstrom) in others. Upon further oxidation the films became 2-line ferrillydrite. We are proposing the name 'schwimmeisen' for the floating, mixed-valent Fe film. C1 [Grathoff, Georc H.; Easterly, Heather R.; Hugo, Richard C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Baham, John E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gassman, Paul] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grathoff, GH (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM GrathoffG@pdx.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550610 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 246FJ UT WOS:000251992600010 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Kharecha, P Lacis, A Miller, R Nazarenko, L Lo, K Schmidt, GA Russell, G Aleinov, I Bauer, S Baum, E Cairns, B Canuto, V Chandler, M Cheng, Y Cohen, A Del Genio, A Faluvegi, G Fleming, E Friend, A Hall, T Jackman, C Jonas, J Kelley, M Kiang, NY Koch, D Labow, G Lerner, J Menon, S Novakov, T Oinas, V Perlwitz, J Perlwitz, J Rind, D Romanou, A Schmunk, R Shindell, D Stone, P Sun, S Streets, D Tausnev, N Thresher, D Unger, N Yao, M Zhang, S AF Hansen, J. Sato, M. Ruedy, R. Kharecha, P. Lacis, A. Miller, R. Nazarenko, L. Lo, K. Schmidt, G. A. Russell, G. Aleinov, I. Bauer, S. Baum, E. Cairns, B. Canuto, V. Chandler, M. Cheng, Y. Cohen, A. Del Genio, A. Faluvegi, G. Fleming, E. Friend, A. Hall, T. Jackman, C. Jonas, J. Kelley, M. Kiang, N. Y. Koch, D. Labow, G. Lerner, J. Menon, S. Novakov, T. Oinas, V. Perlwitz, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Rind, D. Romanou, A. Schmunk, R. Shindell, D. Stone, P. Sun, S. Streets, D. Tausnev, N. Thresher, D. Unger, N. Yao, M. Zhang, S. TI Climate simulations for 1880-2003 with GISS modelE SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Review ID 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; BLACK CARBON; SOLAR-RADIATION; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; HISTORICAL CHANGES AB We carry out climate simulations for 1880-2003 with GISS modelE driven by ten measured or estimated climate forcings. An ensemble of climate model runs is carried out for each forcing acting individually and for all forcing mechanisms acting together. We compare side-by-side simulated climate change for each forcing, all forcings, observations, unforced variability among model ensemble members, and, if available, observed variability. Discrepancies between observations and simulations with all forcings are due to model deficiencies, inaccurate or incomplete forcings, and imperfect observations. Although there are notable discrepancies between model and observations, the fidelity is sufficient to encourage use of the model for simulations of future climate change. By using a fixed well-documented model and accurately defining the 1880-2003 forcings, we aim to provide a benchmark against which the effect of improvements in the model, climate forcings, and observations can be tested. Principal model deficiencies include unrealistically weak tropical El Nino-like variability and a poor distribution of sea ice, with too much sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere and too little in the Southern Hemisphere. Greatest uncertainties in the forcings are the temporal and spatial variations of anthropogenic aerosols and their indirect effects on clouds. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. Sigma Space Partners LLC, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hansen, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov RI Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015; OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Schmunk, Robert/0000-0002-1897-6509; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 152 TC 142 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 7-8 BP 661 EP 696 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0255-8 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225JX UT WOS:000250515300001 ER PT J AU Bhat, V Parashar, M Liu, H Kandasamy, N Khandekar, M Klasky, S Abdelwahed, S AF Bhat, Viraj Parashar, Manish Liu, Hua Kandasamy, Nagarajan Khandekar, Mohit Klasky, Scott Abdelwahed, Sherif TI A self-managing wide-area data streaming service SO CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE scientific data streaming; autonomic computing; grid computing; model based online control ID MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB Efficient and robust data streaming services are a critical requirement of emerging Grid applications, which are based on seamless interactions and coupling between geographically distributed application components. Furthermore the dynamism of Grid environments and applications requires that these services be able to continually manage and optimize their operation based on system state and application requirements. This paper presents a design and implementation of such a self-managing data-streaming service based on online control strategies. A Grid-based fusion workflow scenario is used to evaluate the service and demonstrate its feasibility and performance. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Xerox Innovat Grp, Webster, NY 14580 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Software Integrated Syst, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Bhat, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM virajb@caip.rutgers.edu; parashar@caip.rutgers.edu; hua.liu@xeroxlabs.com; kandasamy@cbis.ece.drexel.edu; mdk372@drexel.edu; klasky@ornl.gov; sherif@isis.vanderbilt.edu OI Abdelwahed, Sherif/0000-0002-6355-4671 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-7857 J9 CLUSTER COMPUT JI Cluster Comput. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 365 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10586-007-0023-x PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228SC UT WOS:000250751600001 ER PT J AU Criado, R Ortiz, JE Mantic, V Gray, LJ Paris, F AF Criado, R. Ortiz, J. E. Mantic, V. Gray, L. J. Paris, F. TI Boundary element analysis of three-dimensional exponentially graded isotropic elastic solids SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE functionally graded materials; boundary element method; three-dimensional elasticity; Somigliana identity; fundamental solution in tractions ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; GALERKIN MLPG METHOD; FUNDAMENTAL-SOLUTIONS; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; STEADY; EQUATIONS; MEDIA AB A numerical implementation of the Somigliana identity in displacements for the solution of 3D elastic problems in exponentially graded isotropic solids is presented. An expression for the fundamental solution in displacements, U-jl, was deduced by Martin et al. (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 458, pp. 1931-1947, 2002). This expression was recently corrected and implemented in a Galerkin indirect 3D BEM code by Criado et al. (Int. J. Numer Meth. Engng., 2008). Starting from this expression of U-jl, a new expression for the fundamental solution in tractions T-jl has been deduced in the present work. These quite complex expressions of the integral kernels U-jl and T-jl have been implemented in a collocational direct 3D BEM code. The numerical results obtained for 3D problems with known analytic solutions verify that the new expression for T-jl is correct. Excellent accuracy is obtained with very coarse boundary element meshes, even for a relatively high grading of elastic properties considered. C1 Univ Seville, Sch Engn, E-41092 Seville, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Criado, R (reprint author), Univ Seville, Sch Engn, Camino Descubrimientos S-N, E-41092 Seville, Spain. RI Mantic, Vladislav/G-1111-2010 OI Mantic, Vladislav/0000-0002-7569-7442 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 230WT UT WOS:000250907700005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JN Owen, JM AF Johnson, J. N. Owen, J. M. TI A meshless local petrov-galerkin method for magnetic diffusion in non-magnetic conductors SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE meshless method; local weak form; magnetic field; diffusion; resistivity; conductivity; conductor; moving least squares; anisotropic; Maxwell's equations; magnetohydrodynamics ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; MLPG METHOD; VERIFICATION; EQUATION; CODE AB In this paper, we propose a Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin method for studying the diffusion of a magnetic field within a nonmagnetic (mu = mu(0)) conducting medium with non-homogeneous and anisotropic electrical resistivity. We derive a local weak form for the magnetic diffusion equation and discuss the effects of different trial/test functions and nodal spacings on its solution. We then demonstrate that the method produces convergent results for several relevant one-dimensional test problems for which solutions are known. This method has the potential to be combined with other mesh-free methods such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to solve problems in resistive magnetohydrodynamics, which has several applications in astrophysics, plasma physics, and engineering. C1 Univ Calif Davis, LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Johnson, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/J-5127-2014 OI Johnson, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0265-5241 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 EI 1526-1506 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 165 EP 188 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 230WU UT WOS:000250907800001 ER PT J AU Namilae, S Chandra, U Srinivasan, A Chandra, N AF Namilae, S. Chandra, U. Srinivasan, A. Chandra, N. TI Effect of interface modification on the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced composites using parallel molecular dynamics simulations SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube composites; interfaces; parallel molecular dynamics ID HYDROCARBONS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; MODULUS; MATRIX; MODEL; FILMS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an important predictive role in understanding the behavior of nanoscale systems. In this paper, parallel MD simulations are used to understand the mechanical behavior of interfaces in CNT based composites. We present an algorithm for parallel implementation of MD simulations of carbon nanotube (CNT) based systems using reactive bond order potentials. We then use that algorithm to model the CNT-polymer interfaces with various levels of interaction as (a) described only by long range Van Der Waals interactions (b) chemically bonded with fixed matrix and (c) chemically bonded with matrix explicitly modeled. It is shown that interface strength based on non bonded interactions is very low (of the order of few MPa) and it can be significantly improved through surface chemical modification of CNTs (to an order of a few GPa). It is further noted that chemical bonding between functionalized nanotube and matrix during processing is essential to obtain good interface strength and hence a better composite. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Namilae, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 230WU UT WOS:000250907800002 ER PT J AU Williams, TC Shaddix, CR Schefer, RW Desgroux, P AF Williams, Timothy C. Shaddix, Christopher R. Schefer, Robert W. Desgroux, Pascale TI The response of buoyant laminar diffusion flames to low-frequency forcing SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE diffusion flame; laminar; unsteady; buoyancy; instability ID PREFERRED INSTABILITY MODES; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ENHANCED SOOT PRODUCTION; EXCITED THERMAL PLUME; NEAR-FIELD DYNAMICS; FLICKERING METHANE; FLOW; HELIUM; STEADY AB Buoyant jet diffusion flames are frequently used to investigate phenomena associated with flares or fires, such as the formation and emission of soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and carbon monoxide (CO). To systematically investigate the influence of transient vortex-flame interactions on these processes, laminar jet flames may be periodically forced. Previous work has demonstrated that forcing the fuel stream at a (low) frequency close to the natural buoyant instability frequency will trigger the production of vortices on the air side of the high-temperature reaction zone, coupling the overall flame response to the forcing frequency. In the work reported here, measurements in methane/air and ethylene/air slot flames show that over a substantial range of forcing frequencies and amplitudes, the dominant, air-side vortex production is locked at precisely one-half the excitation frequency of the fuel stream. This phenomenon is examined in detail through the utilization of several laser diagnostic techniques, yielding measurements of both the frequency response of the flames and phase-locked images of the internal flame structure. Under some conditions the subharmonic response of the flame leads to transient separation of the PAH and soot layers from the surrounding high-temperature flame zone, potentially affecting the soot formation and radiation processes. This data should provide useful information for comparison with detailed modeling aimed to improve the understanding of the complex nature of the buoyant instability in jet flames. (c) 2007 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Physicochim Proc Combust Atmospherr, Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2007 VL 151 IS 4 BP 676 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.07.023 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 238WN UT WOS:000251479000010 ER PT J AU Sjogreen, B Petersson, NA AF Sjoegreen, Bjoern Petersson, N. Anders TI A Cartesian embedded boundary method for hyperbolic conservation laws SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE embedded boundary; hyperbolic conservation law; finite difference scheme; shock wave ID 2ND-ORDER WAVE-EQUATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; GRID METHOD; GEOMETRIES; SCHEMES AB We develop an embedded boundary finite difference technique for solving the compressible two- or three-dimensional Euler equations in complex geometries on a Cartesian grid. The method is second order accurate with an explicit time step determined by the grid size away from the boundary. Slope limiters are used on the embedded boundary to avoid non-physical oscillations near shock waves. We show computed examples of supersonic flow past a cylinder and compare with results computed,on a body fitted grid. Furthermore, we discuss the implementation of the method for I thin geometries, and show computed examples of transonic flow past an airfoil. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sjogreen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sjogreen2@llnl.gov; andersp@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1219 PG 21 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 225TL UT WOS:000250540400009 ER PT J AU Yeates, T Norcross, TS King, NP AF Yeates, Todd Norcross, Todd S. King, Neil P. TI Knotted and topologically complex proteins as models for studying folding and stability SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ENERGY LANDSCAPE THEORY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-STATE; DOMAIN PROTEINS; CONTACT ORDER; ACTIVE-SITE; SET DOMAIN; SIMULATION; RATES; PERSPECTIVE AB Among proteins of known three-dimensional structure, only a few possess complex topological features such as knotted or interlinked (catenated) protein backbones. Such unusual proteins offer potentially unique insights into folding pathways and stabilization mechanisms. They also present special challenges for both theorists and computational scientists interested in understanding and predicting protein-folding behavior. Here, we review complex topological features in proteins with a focus on recent progress on the identification and characterization of knotted and interlinked protein systems. Also, an approach is described for designing an expanded set of knotted proteins. C1 [Yeates, Todd; Norcross, Todd S.; King, Neil P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yeates, Todd] Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Yeates, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 611 Charles Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yeates@mbl.ucla.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM081652-01, R01 GM081652, GM081652] NR 55 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.10.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 245RS UT WOS:000251954100004 PM 17967433 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Sternberg, M AF Barnard, A. S. Sternberg, M. TI Can we predict the location of impurities in diamond nanoparticles? SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Nanocarbon and Nanodiamond 2006 CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP RAS, Ioffe Physico Tech Inst, St Petersburg Inst Technol, Fed State Unitary Enterprise DE nanodiamond; bucky-diamond; nitrogen; boron; doping; theory; simulation ID NANODIAMOND; STABILITY; MORPHOLOGIES; LUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON; STATE AB Although most commercial nanodiamonds contain impurities, it is still largely unknown whether a given species will be located within the core or at the surface of the nanocrystals. This question is significant, since in the former case a suitable atom may act as a dopant, but in the latter case it will merely be an adsorbate. Presented here arc density functional tight-binding simulations examining the potential energy surface of substitutional nitrogen and boron in diamond nanocrystals, directly comparing results for a number of crystallographically inequivalent sites. The results predict that both nitrogen and boron are metastable within the core of bucky-diamond and nanodiamond, and are therefore unlikely to be stable as dopants within these nanoparticles. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnard, A. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Sternberg, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, AS (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM amanda.barnard@materials.ox.ac.uk; sternberg@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2078 EP 2082 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.05.011 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 245TJ UT WOS:000251961400018 ER PT J AU Traverso, EE Cho, MS Wu, CF Sater, AK Larabell, CA Kloc, M Etkin, LD AF Traverso, Edwin E. Cho, Min-Soon Wu, Chuan-Fen Sater, Amy K. Larabell, Carolyn A. Kloc, Malgorzata Etkin, Laurence D. TI Disruption of the dynamic sub-cellular localization of the Xenopus tumorhead protein causes embryonic lethality at the early gastrula transition SO DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article DE embryogenesis; development; Xenopus laevis; subcellular localization; apoptosis ID CELL-CYCLE; MIDBLASTULA TRANSITION; MORPHOGENETIC FACTOR; EMBRYOGENESIS; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; ARREST AB The Xenopus laevis tumorhead (TH) protein, a positive regulator of cell proliferation during embryogenesis, shuttles from the cell periphery into the nucleus during embryogenesis. In these studies, we performed a detailed analysis of TH's subcellular localization pattern to characterize its dynamic behavior. We found that TH exhibits distinct patterns of localization in different germ layers. At the blastula stage, TH is present in the apical cell periphery of prospective mesodermal and ectodermal cells. At the gastrula stage, TH is distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm of prospective mesodermal and ectodermal cells, whereas it shows nuclear localization in presumptive endodermal cells. TH moves into the nucleus of mesodermal and ectodermal cells during the neurula and early tailbud stages. To understand if TH is regulated by changes in its subcellular localization, we used a TH mutant containing signals for farnesylation and palmitoylation to tether the protein to the plasma membrane. Ubiquitous overexpression of this mutant causes embryonic lethality at the early gastrula transition. Further examination using TUNEL assays indicated that wild-type TH overexpression induces apoptosis during gastrulation, and that this effect is exacerbated by the overexpression of the membrane-bound TH mutant. Taken together, our results suggest that changes in the sub-cellular localization of the TH protein are important for its function because blocking the nuclear translocation of overexpressed TH increases apoptosis and causes embryos to die. Our data also suggest that TH plays a role outside the nucleus when it is present at the cell periphery. C1 Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kloc, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 1000, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mkloc@mdanderson.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [5 T32 HD07325 18]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5 F32 GM71103] NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4681 J9 DIFFERENTIATION JI Differentiation PD DEC PY 2007 VL 75 IS 10 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00179.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 237OT UT WOS:000251385500006 PM 17459085 ER PT J AU Ma, SB Nam, KW Yoon, WS Yang, XQ Ahn, KY Oh, KH Kim, KB AF Ma, Sang-Bok Nam, Kyung-Wan Yoon, Won-Sub Yang, Xiao-Qing Ahn, Kyun-Young Oh, Ki-Hwan Kim, Kwang-Bum TI A novel concept of hybrid capacitor based on manganese oxide materials SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE supercapacitor; asymmetric capacitor; nanocomposite; organic electrolyte; MnO2/CNT ID ACTIVATED CARBON; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE; 2 V; SUPERCAPACITOR; DIOXIDE; SYSTEM AB A novel asymmetric hybrid capacitor using LiMn2O4 and manganese oxide (MnO2)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively, and 1 M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) as the electrolyte has been developed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported assembly of an asymmetric hybrid capacitor with metal oxides for both electrode materials, and, especially, with MnO2 as the negative electrode material. The discharge profile of the asymmetric hybrid capacitor shows a typical capacitive behavior with a linear slope. The asymmetric hybrid capacitor was able to deliver a specific energy as high as 56 Wh/kg at a specific power of 300 W/kg, based on the total weight of LiMn2O4 and MnO2/CNT nanocomposite in both electrodes. These results clearly demonstrated a superior performance of this new type of capacitor with a higher specific energy compared to other types of asymmetric hybrid capacitors. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yoon, Won-Sub; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ma, Sang-Bok; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Ahn, Kyun-Young] Hyundai ECO Technol Res Inst, Yongin 446912, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Oh, Ki-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Next Generat Vehicle Technol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 EI 1873-1902 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2807 EP 2811 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.09.015 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 244WX UT WOS:000251897100014 ER PT J AU Shao, M Sasaki, K Marinkovic, NS Zhang, L Adzic, RR AF Shao, Minhua Sasaki, Kotaro Marinkovic, Nebojsa S. Zhang, Lihua Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Synthesis and characterization of platinum monolayer oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts with Co-Pd core-shell nanoparticle supports SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE oxygen-reduction; platinum; palladium; cobalt; alloy; XANES; EXAFS ID O-2 REDUCTION; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; SOLID-SOLUTION; TRANSITION; SURFACE; ALLOYS; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; OXIDATION; IRON AB We synthesized Pt monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen-reduction using a new method to obtain the supporting core-shell nanoparticles. They consist of a Pt monolayer deposited on carbon-supported Co-Pd core-shell nanoparticles with the diameter of 3-4 nm. The nanoparticles were made using a redox-transmetalation (electroless deposition) method involving the oxidation of Co by Pd cations, yielding a Pd shell around the Co core. The quality of the thus-formed core-shell structure was verified using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, while cyclic voltammetry was employed to confirm the lack of Co oxidation (dissolution). A Pt monolayer was deposited on the Co-Pd core-shell nanoparticles by the galvanic displacement of a Cu monolayer obtained by underpotential deposition. The total noble metal mass-specific activity of this Pt monolayer electrocatalyst was ca. 3-fold higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shao, Minhua; Sasaki, Kotaro; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Marinkovic, Nebojsa S.] Univ Delaware, Catalysis Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zhang, Lihua] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov RI Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/C-5716-2011; OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/0000-0003-3528-3824; Shao, Minhua/0000-0003-4496-0057 NR 31 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 13 U2 126 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2848 EP 2853 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.10.009 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 244WX UT WOS:000251897100022 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Amine, K. TI Degradation pathway of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene at high potential SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE redox shuttle; overcharge protection; degradation; lithium-ion battery; LiFePO4 ID REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; CHEMICAL OVERCHARGE; CELLS; ELECTROLYTE AB 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene is a redox shuttle for overcharge protection of LiFePO4-based lithium-ion batteries with a working potential lower than 4.2 V versus Li+/Li. However, an irreversible decomposition occurs when the working potential is higher than 4.2 V versus Li+/Li. 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro--1,4-di-tert-butoxybenzene was also investigated as a model molecule to further understand the possible degradation pathway of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethxybenzene. The experimental results strongly suggest that the irreversible reaction be related to the decomposition of O-C bond in alkoxy substitution groups. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.073 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 238XE UT WOS:000251480900026 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Cho, SW Myung, ST Amine, K Prakash, J AF Sun, Y. -K. Cho, S. -W. Myung, S. -T. Amine, K. Prakash, Jai TI Effect of AIF(3) coating amount on high voltage cycling performance of LiCoO2 SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE AIF(3); coating; positive electrode; charge transfer resistance; lithium; battery ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; INTERCALATION CATHODE; ION BATTERIES; R(3)OVER-BAR-M; TEMPERATURE; IMPROVEMENT; STORAGE; PHASE AB The effect of AIF(3) coating amount on the electrochemical cycling behavior of the LiCoO2 Positive electrode was investigated at the high upper voltage limit of 4.5 V. The cycling performance and rate capability of LiCoO2 positive electrode are strongly related with the amount of AIF(3) coating. The electrochemical performance of the AIF(3)-coated LiCoO2 decreased with increasing AIF(3) coating amount but showed enhanced properties, compared to those of pristine material. The 0.5 mol% AIF(3)-coated LiCoO2 had the best electrochemical performance, showing capacity retention of 97.7% after 50 cycles and rate capability of 93.1 % at 5 C discharge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential capacity (dQ dV(-1)) suggested that the AIF(3) coating plays an important role in stabilizing the positive electrode/electrolyte interface and the host structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Ctr Informat & Communicat Mat, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Dept Chem Engn, Iwate 0208551, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Ctr Informat & Communicat Mat, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 25 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.08.032 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 238XE UT WOS:000251480900099 ER PT J AU Pizarro, SA Lane, P Lane, TW Cruz, E Haroldsen, B VanderNoot, VA AF Pizarro, Shelly A. Lane, Pamela Lane, Todd W. Cruz, Evelyn Haroldsen, Brent VanderNoot, Victoria A. TI Bacterial characterization using protein profiling in a microchi separations platform SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE bacterial; chip gel electrophoresis; identification; protein signatures ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEOMICS; PATTERNS; TECHNOLOGIES; ANTHRACIS; AGENTS AB A rapid microanalytical protein-based approach to bacterial characterization is presented. Chip gel electrophoresis (CGE) coupled with LIF detection was used to analyze lysates from different bacterial cell lines to obtain signature profiles of the soluble protein composition. The study includes Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus anthracis (Delta Sterne strain) vegetative cells as well as endospores formed from the latter two species as model organisms to demonstrate the method. A unified protein preparation protocol was developed for both cell types to streamline the benchtop process and aid future automation. Cells and spores were lysed and proteins solubilized using a combination of thermal and chemical lysis methods. Reducing agents, necessary to solubilize spore proteins, were eliminated using a small-scale rapid size-exclusion chromatography step to eliminate interference with down-stream protein labeling. This approach was found to be compatible with nonspore cells (i.e., vegetative cells) as well, not adversely impacting the protein signatures. Data are presented demonstrating distinct CGE protein signatures for our model organisms, suggesting the potential for discrimination of organisms on the basis of empirical protein Patterns. The goal of this work is to develop a fast and field-portable method for characterizing bacteria via their proteomes. C1 [Pizarro, Shelly A.; Lane, Pamela; Lane, Todd W.; Cruz, Evelyn; Haroldsen, Brent; VanderNoot, Victoria A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP VanderNoot, VA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, MS 9292,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vavande@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 24 BP 4697 EP 4704 DI 10.1002/elps.200700005 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 252RZ UT WOS:000252465600021 PM 18008300 ER PT J AU Botta, R Bahill, AT AF Botta, Rick Bahill, A. Terry TI A prioritization process SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE requirements; priority; weight of importance; order; rank AB A prioritization process has been developed and used at Network Systems of BAE Systems. It has been used to derive weights of importance for the criteria in tradeoff studies and to prioritize goals, Customer needs, capabilities, risks, directives, initiatives, issues, activities, requirements, technical performance measures, features, functions and value engineering activities. This article presents this prioritization process. C1 [Bahill, A. Terry] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Botta, Rick; Bahill, A. Terry] BAE Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Hughes Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Sandia Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Lockheed Martin Tact Def Syst, Eagan, MN USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Boeing Informat Space & Def Syst, Kent, WA USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Bahill, A. Terry] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Bahill, AT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM terry@sie.arizona.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 340RS UT WOS:000258663300004 ER PT J AU Schwer, LE Oberkampf, WL AF Schwer, Leonard E. Oberkampf, William L. TI Special issue on verification and validation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Schwer Engn & Consulting Serv, Windsor, CA 95492 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwer, LE (reprint author), Schwer Engn & Consulting Serv, 6122 Aaron Court, Windsor, CA 95492 USA. EM Len@Schwer.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00366-007-0068-8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 220EE UT WOS:000250138900001 ER PT J AU Knupp, P Ober, CC Bond, RB AF Knupp, Patrick Ober, Curtis C. Bond, Ryan B. TI Measuring progress in order-verification within software development projects SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article AB This document proposes one answer to the question: how does one measure and communicate progress in code verification? The question is addressed within the scope of verifying the order-of-accuracy of codes that solve partial differential equations. A process is described whereby order-verification exercises may be conducted within software development projects. The process entails domain-definition, test-suite construction, and test-suite demonstration phases. Progress measures are proposed to monitor the latter two phases particularly with regard to how close they are to completion. A fitness measure is introduced which measures the verification-fitness of a code relative to a given application. C1 Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat 1411, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aerosci Dept 1515, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Knupp, P (reprint author), Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat 1411, MS 1318, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM pknupp@sandia.gov; ccober@sandia.gov; rbbond@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s00366-007-0066-x PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 220EE UT WOS:000250138900004 ER PT J AU Bond, RB Ober, CC Knupp, PM AF Bond, Ryan B. Ober, Curtis C. Knupp, Patrick M. TI Measuring progress in Premo order-verification SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article AB Since verification of computational simulation codes requires significant resources, the ability to measure progress in verification is critical to assess whether resources are being applied appropriately. Additionally, potential users need to know what fraction of the software has been order-verified. In this study, the procedures and progress measures presented by Knupp et al. (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) are demonstrated on the Premo software, which simulates compressible aerodynamics through and around general geometries. Premo was selected for this demonstration because extensive order-verification tests have been previously performed, yet no systematic effort has been made to assess test-suite completeness or progress. This effort was performed to identify the practical issues encountered when attempting to apply the ideas by Knupp (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) to existing production-quality software. In this work, a non-specific order-verification exercise is considered, as opposed to an application-specific order-verification exercise, since past and present Premo order-verification efforts have been motivated by the need to verify all of the code, rather than portions relevant for specific applications. Constructing an order-verification test suite that verifies the order of accuracy of all the code capabilities is a major step in measuring progress. A practical approach to test-suite construction is described that helps create a complete test suite through a combination of coarse-grain code coverage, input-keyword inspection, discretization-algorithm documentation, and expert knowledge. Some of the difficulties and issues encountered during the construction of the test suite are described, along with recommendations on how to deal with them. Once the test suite is constructed, the progress measures proposed by Knupp (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) can be evaluated and used to reconstruct the history of progress in Premo verification over the past several years. Gaps in Premo verification are identified and indicate future directions for making progress. Additionally, a measure of Premo verification fitness is computed for selected applications commonly simulated in the aerospace industry. It is hoped that this demonstration will provide a practical example for other software-development groups in measuring their own verification progress. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci Dept 1515, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Exploratory Simulat Technol Dept 1433, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bond, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci Dept 1515, POB 5800,MS 0825, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbond@sandia.gov; ccober@sandia.gov; pknupp@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s00366-007-0071-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 220EE UT WOS:000250138900005 ER PT J AU Horgan, FG Quiring, DT Lagnaoui, A Salas, AR Pelletier, Y AF Horgan, Finbarr G. Quiring, Dan T. Lagnaoui, Aziz Salas, Alberto R. Pelletier, Yvan TI Periderm- and cortex-based resistance to tuber-feeding Phthorimaea operculella in two wild potato species SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE potato breeding; potato tuber moth; resistant varieties; Solanum berthaultii; Solanum tarijense; Solanaceae; Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera ID SOLANUM-BERTHAULTII; MOTH; ZELLER; GELECHIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; TARIJENSE; HAWKES AB The trichome-bearing wild potatoes Solanum berthaultii (Hawkes) and Solanum tarijense (Hawkes) (Solanaceae) have noted resistance to leaf-feeding insect herbivores; however, little is known about their resistance to tuber-feeding herbivores. This study evaluates resistance in tubers of these two species to attack by the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Tubers from a range of accessions were presented to recently emerged neonate tuber moth larvae. Resistance to neonates varied between accessions and was generally higher in accessions of S. tarijense. The contribution to observed resistance of periderm vs. cortex factors was assessed by perforating tuber periderm in paired-tuber experiments. Across species and accessions, an average of 62% of resistance was attributed to periderm-related factors. All larvae entered tubers through the eyes. Unidentified cortex-related factors affected larval development time and pupal weight. Sprouting compromised resistance by reducing the protective value of the periderm. The degree of sprouting also decreased larval development times and increased pupal weights in one of two accessions examined. These results demonstrate the potential of S. berthaultii and S. tarijense as sources of tuber-resistance and identify accessions of both species with notably high periderm-based protection. Levels of periderm resistance were not correlated to levels of cortex resistance and represent an independent resistance source compatible with the food value of crop potato. C1 World Bank, Div Evironm & Socially Sustainable Dev, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Dept Biol, Populat Ecol Grp, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada. Ctr Int Papa, Lima 12, Peru. Potato Res Ctr Agr & Agri Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B3E9, Canada. RP Horgan, FG (reprint author), Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM finbarr.horgan@teagasc.ie NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 125 IS 3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00619.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 230ZU UT WOS:000250916300004 ER PT J AU Higuera-Diaz, IC Carpenter, PJ Thompson, MD AF Higuera-Diaz, I. Camilo Carpenter, Philip J. Thompson, Michael D. TI Identification of buried sinkholes using refraction tomography at Ft. Campbell army airfield, Kentucky SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geophysics; ground water; carbonate hydrology AB Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination, with numerous points of entry for contaminants through recharge features such as sinkholes, swallow holes and solutionally enlarged fractures. These recharge features may be filled or obscured at the surface, requiring the use of geophysical or remote sensing techniques for their identification. This study uses seismic refraction data collected at the Ft. Campbell Army Airfield (CAAF), Kentucky, USA, to test the hypothesis that refraction tomography is a useful tool for imaging bedrock depressions beneath thick overburden (greater than 20 m of unconsolidated sediment). Southeast of the main taxiway of CAAF seismic velocity tomograms imaged a bedrock low, possibly a closed depression, at a depth of 25 m that had been earlier identified through delay-time analysis of the same refraction data. Tomography suggests the bedrock low is about 250-m wide by 10-m deep at its widest point. High rates of contaminant vapor extraction over the western extension of this feature suggest a high concentration of contaminants above, and within, this filled bedrock low, the base of which may contain solutionally enlarged fractures (i.e. karst conduits) that could funnel these contaminants to the upper or lower bedrock aquifers. This study thus demonstrates the viability of seismic refraction tomography as a tool for identification of filled sinkholes and bedrock depressions in karst areas. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL USA. RP Higuera-Diaz, IC (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM ihiguera@niu.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0693-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 234EC UT WOS:000251142500010 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Chou, CJ AF Williams, Bruce A. Chou, Charissa J. TI Characterizing vertical contaminant distribution in a thick unconfined aquifer, Hanford site, Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; hydrostratigraphy; groundwater contamination; carbon tetrachloride; deep unconfined aquifer; vadose zone AB Drilling-intensive aquifer characterization techniques have been used to obtain depth-discrete water samples from a thick, hydrogeologically continuous unconfined aquifer system; groundwater results indicate that carbon tetrachloride contamination is widespread and extends deeper and at concentrations much higher than detected in monitoring networks at the water table. Carbon tetrachloride, a legacy waste, was used in the plutonium extraction process at the Hanford site in south-central Washington State. Vertical, depth-discrete groundwater samples were collected during well drilling throughout a 28-km(2) region to determine the concentration of carbon tetrachloride present as a dissolved phase in the aquifer. Results indicate that high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride, three orders of magnitude above the allowable regulatory limit, are present at depths greater than 25 m beneath the water table. In support of future efforts to remediate the carbon tetrachloride contamination, it is imperative to locate the remaining chemical inventory, determine the vertical as well as the lateral distribution of this contaminant and its physical form. Depth-discrete aquifer characterization throughout the uppermost-unconfined aquifer system is providing this information and improving the understanding of the contaminant distribution and the hydrogeologic framework through which it moves. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM bruce.williams@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s00254-007-0700-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 234EC UT WOS:000251142500016 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Lin, YH Hongsirikarn, K Fryxell, GE Addleman, R Timchalk, C AF Yantasee, Wassana Lin, Yuehe Hongsirikarn, Kitiya Fryxell, Glen E. Addleman, Raymond Timchalk, Charles TI Electrochemical sensors for the detection of lead and other toxic heavy metals: The next generation of personal exposure biomonitors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE biomonitoring; dosimetry technology; electrochemical sensors; exposure assessment; lead (Pb) ID PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED MODELS; SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; TRACE DETERMINATION; MICROANALYTICAL SYSTEM; CARBON ELECTRODES; INTERNAL STANDARD; MESOPOROUS SILICA; OXYGEN-ELECTRODE; FLOW-INJECTION AB To support the development and implementation of biological monitoring programs, we need quantitative technologies for measuring xenobiotic exposure. Microanalytical based sensors that work with complex biomatrices such as blood, urine, or saliva are being developed and validated and will improve our ability to make definitive associations between chemical exposures and disease. Among toxic metals, lead continues to be one of the most problematic. Despite considerable efforts to identify and eliminate Pb exposure sources, this metal remains a significant health concern, particularly for young children. Ongoing research focuses on the development of portable metal analyzers that have many advantages over current available technologies, thus potentially representing the next generation of toxic metal analyzers. In this article, we highlight the development and validation of two classes of metal analyzers for the voltammetric detection of Pb, including: a) an analyzer based on flow injection analysis and anodic stripping voltammetry at a mercury-film electrode, and b) Hg-free metal analyzers employing adsorptive stripping voltammetry and novel nanostructure materials that include the self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports and carbon nanotubes. These sensors have been optimized to detect Pb in urine, blood, and saliva as accurately as the state-of-the-art inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with high reproducibility, and sensitivity allows. These improved and portable analytical sensor platforms will facilitate our ability to conduct biological monitoring programs to understand the relationship between chemical exposure assessment and disease outcomes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charles.timchalk@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1R01 ES10976-04, R01 ES010976]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R21 OH008900-01, R21 OH008900] NR 60 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 13 U2 112 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 115 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1690 DI 10.1289/ehp.10190 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 237YE UT WOS:000251411500023 PM 18087583 ER PT J AU Jager, HI Bevelhimer, MS AF Jager, Henriette I. Bevelhimer, Mark S. TI How run-of-river operation affects hydropower generation and value SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecologic valuation; hydropower generation; in-stream flow regulation; natural flow regime; peaking operation; run-of-river operation ID INSTREAM-FLOW AB Regulated rivers in the United States are required to support human water uses while preserving aquatic ecosystems. However, the effectiveness of hydropower license requirements nationwide has not been demonstrated. One requirement that has become more common is "run-of-river" (ROR) operation, which restores a natural flow regime. It is widely believed that ROR requirements (1) are mandated to protect aquatic biota, (2) decrease hydropower generation per unit flow, and (3) decrease energy revenue. We tested these three assumptions by reviewing hydropower projects with license-mandated changes from peaking to ROR operation. We found that ROR operation was often prescribed in states with strong water-quality certification requirements and migratory fish species. Although benefits to aquatic resources were frequently cited, changes were often motivated by other considerations. After controlling for climate, the overall change in annual generation efficiency across projects because of the change in operation was not significant. However, significant decreases were detected at one quarter of individual hydropower projects. As expected, we observed a decrease in flow during peak demand at 7 of 10 projects. At the remaining projects, diurnal fluctuations actually increased because of operation of upstream storage projects. The economic implications of these results, including both producer costs and ecologic benefits, are discussed. We conclude that regional-scale studies of hydropower regulation, such as this one, are long overdue. Public dissemination of flow data, license provisions, and monitoring data by way of on-line access would facilitate regional policy analysis while increasing regulatory transparency and providing feedback to decision makers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mail Stop 6036,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1015 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9008-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HQ UT WOS:000251224800016 PM 17891438 ER PT J AU Stein, LY Arp, DJ Berube, PM Chain, PSG Hauser, L Jetten, MSM Klotz, MG Larimer, FW Norton, JM den Camp, HJMO Shin, M Wei, XM AF Stein, Lisa Y. Arp, Daniel J. Berube, Paul M. Chain, Patrick S. G. Hauser, Loren Jetten, Mike S. M. Klotz, Martin G. Larimer, Frank W. Norton, Jeanette M. den Camp, Huub J. M. Op Shin, Maria Wei, Xueming TI Whole-genome analysis of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas eutropha C91: implications for niche adaptation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NITRITE REDUCTASE; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; DINITROGEN PRODUCTION; NITRATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CLUSTER GENES; EUROPAEA AB Analysis of the structure and inventory of the genome of Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 revealed distinctive features that may explain the adaptation of N. eutropha-like bacteria to N-saturated ecosystems. Multiple gene-shuffling events are apparent, including mobilized and replicated transposition, as well as plasmid or phage integration events into the 2.66 Mbp chromosome and two plasmids (65 and 56 kbp) of N. eutropha C91. A 117 kbp genomic island encodes multiple genes for heavy metal resistance, including clusters for copper and mercury transport, which are absent from the genomes of other ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Whereas the sequences of the two ammonia monooxygenase and three hydroxylamine oxidoreductase gene clusters in N. eutropha C91 are highly similar to those of Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718, a break of synteny in the regions flanking these clusters in each genome is evident. Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 encodes four gene clusters for distinct classes of haem-copper oxidases, two of which are not found in other aerobic AOB. This diversity of terminal oxidases may explain the adaptation of N. eutropha to environments with variable O-2 concentrations and/or high concentrations of nitrogen oxides. As with N. europaea, the N. eutropha genome lacks genes for urease metabolism, likely disadvantaging nitrosomonads in low-nitrogen or acidic ecosystems. Taken together, this analysis revealed significant genomic variation between N. eutropha C91 and other AOB, even the closely related N. europaea, and several distinctive properties of the N. eutropha genome that are supportive of niche specialization. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Walnut Creek, Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Program, Creek, CA 94598 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res IWWR, Dept Microbiol, NL-6225 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Microbiol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Immunol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Stein, LY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lisa.stein@ucr.edu RI Jetten, Mike/B-8834-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Stein, Lisa/A-3760-2014; Norton, Jeanette/G-2633-2011; Op den Camp, Huub/F-5114-2011; Klotz, Martin/D-2091-2009; Stein, Lisa/E-6374-2016 OI Jetten, Mike/0000-0002-4691-7039; Norton, Jeanette/0000-0002-6596-8691; Op den Camp, Huub/0000-0003-1990-9030; Klotz, Martin/0000-0002-1783-375X; Stein, Lisa/0000-0001-5095-5022 NR 81 TC 85 Z9 422 U1 7 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2993 EP 3007 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01409.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 228VS UT WOS:000250761300008 PM 17991028 ER PT J AU Bourg, IC Sposito, G Bourg, ACM AF Bourg, Ian C. Sposito, Garrison Bourg, Alain C. M. TI Modeling cation diffusion in compacted water-saturated sodium bentonite at low ionic strength SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; TRACER DIFFUSION; SELF-DIFFUSION; SAND MIXTURE; DRY DENSITY; MONTMORILLONITE; ORIENTATION; SORPTION AB Sodium bentonites are used as barrier materials for the isolation of landfills and are under consideration for a similar use in the subsurface storage of high-level radioactive waste. The performance of these barriers is determined in large part by molecular diffusion in the bentonite pore space. We tested two current models of cation diffusion in bentonite against experimental data on the relative apparent diffusion coefficients of two representative cations, sodium and strontium. On the "macropore/nanopore" model, solute molecules are divided into two categories, with unequal pore-scale diffusion coefficients, based on location: in macropores or in interlayer nanopores. On the "surface diffusion" model, solute molecules are divided into categories based on chemical speciation: dissolved or adsorbed. The macropore/nanopore model agrees with all experimental data at partial montmorillonite dry densities ranging from 0.2 (a dilute bentonite gel) to 1.7 kg dm(-3) (a highly compacted bentonite with most of its pore space located in interlayer nanopores), whereas the surface diffusion model fails at partial montmorillonite dry densities greater than about 1.3 kg dm(-3). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pau, F-64013 Pau, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ANDRA, F-92298 Chatenay Malabry, France. RP Bourg, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ibourg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Bourg, Ian/A-6405-2013; OI Bourg, Ian/0000-0002-5265-7229 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8118 EP 8122 DI 10.1021/es0717212 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LW UT WOS:000251305500030 PM 18186346 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Lin, YY Wu, H Lin, Y AF Liu, Guodong Lin, Ying-Ying Wu, Hong Lin, Yuehe TI Voltammetric detection of Cr(VI) with disposable screen-printed electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (Retracted Article. See vol 42, pg 3117, 2008) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; INJECTION-ANALYSIS; FLOW SYSTEM; REDUCTION; WATER; SPECIATION AB Gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) enhanced voltammetric detection of Cr(VI) is developed for determination of trace amounts of Cr(VI) in an acetate buffer media (pH 4.6). The Au-NPs were electrode posited onto a disposable screen printed electrode (SPE) via an electrode position step. It was found that the electrode posited Au-NP has strong adsorption on Cr(VI) species, which results in an enhanced reduction current of Cr(VI). Compared with the bulk gold electrode, the reduction current of COO was enhanced 10 times with the Au-NP-modified SPE electrode. Square wave voltammetric (SWV) measurement with the disposable Au-NP-modified SPE provides a fast, simple and sensitive detection of trace amounts of Cr(VI). The adsorption of Cr(VI) on Au-NP was characterized with voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectra. The different parameters including the electrodepositing time, supporting electrolyte, and pH that govern the analytical performance of the electrode have been studied in detail and optimized. The detection limit of 5 mu g L(-1) Cr (VI) was obtained under optimum experimental conditions. The performance of the sensor was successfully evaluated with river water samples spiked with Cr(VI), indicating this convenient and sensitive technique offers great promise for onsite environmental monitoring and biomonitoring of Cr(VI). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1R01 ES010976-01A2] NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8129 EP 8134 DI 10.1021/es071726z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LW UT WOS:000251305500032 PM 18186348 ER PT J AU Mckone, TE Maddalena, RL AF Mckone, Thomas E. Maddalena, Randy L. TI Plant uptake of organic pollutants from soil: Bioconcentration estimates based on models and experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE soil-plant uptake; bioconcentration; transport models; model uncertainty; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro1,3,5-triazine ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY INDEX; NON-IONIZED CHEMICALS; AIR-PASTURE TRANSFER; WELSH RAY GRASS; ROOT UPTAKE; XYLEM TRANSLOCATION; VEGETATION; ATMOSPHERE; LIPOPHILICITY AB The role of terrestrial vegetation in transferring chemicals from soil and air into specific plant tissues (e.g., stems, leaves, and roots) is still not well characterized. We provide here a critical review of plant-to-soil bioconcentration ratio (BCR) estimates based on models and experimental data. This review includes the conceptual and theoretical formulations of the BCR, constructing and calibrating empirical and mathematical algorithms to describe this ratio and the experimental data used to quantify BCRs and calibrate the model performance. We first evaluate the theoretical basis for the BCR concept and BCR models and consider how lack of knowledge and data limit reliability and consistency of BCR estimates. We next consider alternate modeling strategies for BCR. A key focus of this evaluation is the relative contributions to overall uncertainty from model uncertainty versus variability in the experimental data used to develop and test the models. As a case study, we consider a single chemical, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and focus on variability of bioconcentration measurements obtained from 81 experiments with different plant species, different plant tissues, different experimental conditions, and different methods for reporting concentrations in the soil and plant tissues. We use these observations to evaluate both the magnitude of experimental variability in plant bioconcentration and compare this to model uncertainty. Among these 81 measurements, the variation of the plant-to-soil BCR has a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 3.5 and a coefficient of variation (CV; i.e., ratio of the arithmetic standard deviation to the mean) of 1.7. These variations are significant but low relative to model uncertainties, which have an estimated GSD of 10, with a corresponding CV of 14. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mckone, TE (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM temckone@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2494 EP 2504 DI 10.1897/06-269.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300005 PM 18020673 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Dossanov, A Drugakov, V Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Goettlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Huttmann, A Kahle, B Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Rinaldi, L Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Forrest, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Borodin, M Kozulia, A Lisovyi, M Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Oliver, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Smith, O Stern, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Dossanov, A. Drugakov, V. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Huettmann, A. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Rinaldi, L. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Forrest, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Borodin, M. Kozulia, A. Lisovyi, M. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Oliver, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Smith, O. Stern, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. TI Dijet production in diffractive deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; CROSS-SECTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD ANALYSIS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PLUG CALORIMETER; EP SCATTERING; NLO QCD AB The production of dijets in diffractive deep inelastic scattering has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 61 pb(-1). The dijet cross section has been measured for virtualities of the exchanged virtual photon, 5 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2, and gamma* p centre-of-mass energies, 100 < W < 250 GeV. The jets, identifed using the inclusive k(T) algorithm in the gamma*p frame, were required to have a transverse energy E-T(*),(jet) > 4GeV and the jet with the highest transverse energy was required to have E-T(*),jet > 5 GeV. All jets were required to be in the pseudorapidity range -3.5 < eta(*)(jet) < 0. The differential cross sections are compared to leading-order predictions and next-to-leading-order QCD calculations based on recent diffractive parton densities extracted from inclusive diffractive deep inelastic scattering data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fizik, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. 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C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 813 EP 832 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0426-0 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 229YI UT WOS:000250842100004 ER PT J AU Batley, JR Culling, AJ Kalmus, G Lazzeroni, C Munday, DJ Slater, MW Wotton, SA Arcidiacono, R Bocquet, G Cabibbo, N Ceccucci, A Cundy, D Falaleev, V Fidecaro, M Gatignon, L Gonidec, A Kubischta, W Norton, A Maier, A Patel, M Peters, A Balev, S Frabetti, PL Goudzovski, E Hristov, P Kekelidze, V Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Madigozhin, D Marinova, E Molokanova, N Polenkevich, I Potrebenikov, Y Stoynev, S Zinchenko, A Monnier, E Swallow, E Rubin, P Walker, A Baldini, W Ramusino, AC Dalpiaz, P Damiani, C Fiorini, M Gianoli, A Martini, M Petrucci, F Savrie, M Scarpa, M Wahl, H Bizzeti, A Calvetti, M Celeghini, E Iacopini, E Lenti, M Martelli, F Ruggiero, G Veltri, M Behler, M Eppard, K Kleinknecht, K Marouelli, P Masetti, L Moosbrugger, U Morales, CM Renk, B Wache, M Wanke, R Winhart, A Coward, D Dabrowski, A Martin, TF Shieh, M Szleper, M Velasco, M Wood, MD Anzivino, G Cenci, P Imbergamo, E Nappi, A Pepe, M Petrucci, MC Piccini, M Raggi, M Valdata-Nappi, M Cerri, C Collazuol, G Costantini, F DiLella, L Doble, N Fantechi, R Fiorini, L Giudici, S Lamanna, G Mannelli, I Michetti, A Pierazzini, G Sozzi, M Bloch-Devaux, B Cheshkov, C Cheze, JB De Beer, M Derre, J Marel, G Mazzucato, E Peyaud, B Vallage, B Holder, M Ziolkowski, M Bifani, S Biino, C Cartiglia, N Clemencic, M Lopez, SG Marchetto, F Dibon, H Jeitler, M Markytan, M Mikulec, I Neuhofer, G Widhalm, L AF Batley, J. R. Culling, A. J. Kalmus, G. Lazzeroni, C. Munday, D. J. Slater, M. W. Wotton, S. A. Arcidiacono, R. Bocquet, G. Cabibbo, N. Ceccucci, A. Cundy, D. Falaleev, V. Fidecaro, M. Gatignon, L. Gonidec, A. Kubischta, W. Norton, A. Maier, A. Patel, M. Peters, A. Balev, S. Frabetti, P. L. Goudzovski, E. Hristov, P. Kekelidze, V. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Madigozhin, D. Marinova, E. Molokanova, N. Polenkevich, I. Potrebenikov, Y. Stoynev, S. Zinchenko, A. Monnier, E. Swallow, E. Rubin, P. Walker, A. Baldini, W. Ramusino, A. Cotta Dalpiaz, P. Damiani, C. Fiorini, M. Gianoli, A. Martini, M. Petrucci, F. Savrie, M. Scarpa, M. Wahl, H. Bizzeti, A. Calvetti, M. Celeghini, E. Iacopini, E. Lenti, M. Martelli, F. Ruggiero, G. Veltri, M. Behler, M. Eppard, K. Kleinknecht, K. Marouelli, P. Masetti, L. Moosbrugger, U. Morales, C. Morales Renk, B. Wache, M. Wanke, R. Winhart, A. Coward, D. Dabrowski, A. Martin, T. Fonseca Shieh, M. Szleper, M. Velasco, M. Wood, M. D. Anzivino, G. Cenci, P. Imbergamo, E. Nappi, A. Pepe, M. Petrucci, M. C. Piccini, M. Raggi, M. Valdata-Nappi, M. Cerri, C. Collazuol, G. Costantini, F. DiLella, L. Doble, N. Fantechi, R. Fiorini, L. Giudici, S. Lamanna, G. Mannelli, I. Michetti, A. Pierazzini, G. Sozzi, M. Bloch-Devaux, B. Cheshkov, C. Cheze, J. B. De Beer, M. Derre, J. Marel, G. Mazzucato, E. Peyaud, B. Vallage, B. Holder, M. Ziolkowski, M. Bifani, S. Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Clemencic, M. Lopez, S. Goy Marchetto, F. Dibon, H. Jeitler, M. Markytan, M. Mikulec, I. Neuhofer, G. Widhalm, L. TI Search for direct CP violating charge asymmetries in K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(+)pi(-) and K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(0)pi(0) decays SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL KAON; NA48; PARAMETERS; DETECTOR; BEAM; CERN AB A measurement of the direct CP violating charge asymmetries of the Dalitz plot linear slopes Ag = (g(+) - g(-))/(g(+) + g(-)) in K-+/- -> pi(+/-) pi(+) pi(-) and K-+/- -> pi(+/-) pi(0) pi(0) decays by the NA48/2 experiment at CERN SPS is presented. A new technique of asymmetry measurement involving simultaneous K+ and K- beams and a large data sample collected allowed a result of an unprecedented precision. The charge asymmetries were measured to be A(g)(c) = (-1.5 +/- 2.2) x 10(-4) with 3.11 x 10(9) K-+/- -> pi(+/-) pi(+) pi(-) decays, and A(g)(n) = (1.8 +/- 1.8) x 10(-4) with 9.13 x 10(7) K-+/- -> pi(+/-) pi(0) pi(0) decays. The precision of the results is limited mainly by the size of the data sample. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60126 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. INFN Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Osterreich Akad Wissenschaft, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-10560 Vienna, Austria. Univ Aix Marseille 2, IN2P3 CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. Univ Modena, Ist Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Batley, JR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM goudzovs@mail.cern.ch RI Martelli, Filippo/P-4041-2015; Gianoli, Alberto/H-5544-2015; Cenci, Patrizia/A-4071-2012; Collazuol, Gianmaria/C-5670-2012; Piccini, Mauro/G-7163-2012; Sozzi, Marco/H-1674-2011; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Fiorini, Massimiliano/A-5354-2015; OI Martelli, Filippo/0000-0003-3761-8616; Gianoli, Alberto/0000-0002-2456-8667; Bloch-Devaux, Brigitte/0000-0002-2463-1232; Anzivino, Giuseppina/0000-0002-5967-0952; Collazuol, Gianmaria/0000-0002-7876-6124; Sozzi, Marco/0000-0002-2923-1465; Fiorini, Massimiliano/0000-0001-6559-2084; Cotta Ramusino, Angelo/0000-0003-1727-2478; Bifani, Simone/0000-0001-7072-4854 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 875 EP 891 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0456-7 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 229YI UT WOS:000250842100008 ER PT J AU Batley, JR Lazzeroni, C Munday, DJ Slater, MW Wotton, SA Arcidiacono, R Bocquet, G Cabibbo, N Ceccucci, A Cundy, D Falaleev, V Fidecaro, M Gatignon, L Gonidec, A Kubischta, W Norton, A Patel, M Peters, A Balev, S Frabetti, PL Goudzovski, E Hristov, P Kekelidze, V Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Madigozhin, D Marinova, E Molokanova, N Polenkevich, I Stoynev, S Zinchenko, A Monnier, E Swallow, E Winston, R Rubin, P Walker, A Baldini, W Ramusino, AC Dalpiaz, P Damiani, C Fiorini, M Gianoli, A Martini, M Petrucci, F Savrie, M Scarpa, M Wahl, H Bizzeti, A Calvetti, M Celeghini, E Iacopini, E Lenti, M Martelli, F Ruggiero, G Veltri, M Behler, M Eppard, K Kleinknecht, K Marouelli, P Masetti, L Moosbrugger, U Morales, CM Renk, B Wache, M Wanke, R Winhart, A Coward, D Dabrowski, A Martin, TF Shieh, M Szleper, M Velasco, M Wood, MD Anzivino, G Cenci, P Imbergamo, E Pepe, M Petrucci, MC Piccini, M Raggi, M Valdata-Nappi, M Cerri, C Collazuol, G Costantini, F DiLella, L Doble, N Fantechi, R Fiorini, L Giudici, S Lamanna, G Mannelli, I Michetti, A Pierazzini, G Sozzi, M Bloch-Devaux, B Cheshkov, C Cheze, JB De Beer, M Derre, J Marel, G Mazzucato, E Peyaud, B Vallage, B Holder, M Maier, A Ziolkowski, M Bifani, S Biino, C Cartiglia, N Clemencic, M Lopez, SG Marchetto, F Dibon, H Jeitler, M Markytan, M Mikulec, I Neuhofer, G Widhalm, L AF Batley, J. R. Lazzeroni, C. Munday, D. J. Slater, M. W. Wotton, S. A. Arcidiacono, R. Bocquet, G. Cabibbo, N. Ceccucci, A. Cundy, D. Falaleev, V. Fidecaro, M. Gatignon, L. Gonidec, A. Kubischta, W. Norton, A. Patel, M. Peters, A. Balev, S. Frabetti, P. L. Goudzovski, E. Hristov, P. Kekelidze, V. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Madigozhin, D. Marinova, E. Molokanova, N. Polenkevich, I. Stoynev, S. Zinchenko, A. Monnier, E. Swallow, E. Winston, R. Rubin, P. Walker, A. Baldini, W. Ramusino, A. Cotta Dalpiaz, P. Damiani, C. Fiorini, M. Gianoli, A. Martini, M. Petrucci, F. Savrie, M. Scarpa, M. Wahl, H. Bizzeti, A. Calvetti, M. Celeghini, E. Iacopini, E. Lenti, M. Martelli, F. Ruggiero, G. Veltri, M. Behler, M. Eppard, K. Kleinknecht, K. Marouelli, P. Masetti, L. Moosbrugger, U. Morales, C. Morales Renk, B. Wache, M. Wanke, R. Winhart, A. Coward, D. Dabrowski, A. Martin, T. Fonseca Shieh, M. Szleper, M. Velasco, M. Wood, M. D. Anzivino, G. Cenci, P. Imbergamo, E. Pepe, M. Petrucci, M. C. Piccini, M. Raggi, M. Valdata-Nappi, M. Cerri, C. Collazuol, G. Costantini, F. DiLella, L. Doble, N. Fantechi, R. Fiorini, L. Giudici, S. Lamanna, G. Mannelli, I. Michetti, A. Pierazzini, G. Sozzi, M. Bloch-Devaux, B. Cheshkov, C. Cheze, J. B. De Beer, M. Derre, J. Marel, G. Mazzucato, E. Peyaud, B. Vallage, B. Holder, M. Maier, A. Ziolkowski, M. Bifani, S. Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Clemencic, M. Lopez, S. Goy Marchetto, F. Dibon, H. Jeitler, M. Markytan, M. Mikulec, I. Neuhofer, G. Widhalm, L. TI Measurements of charged kaon semileptonic decay branching fractions K-+/- -> pi(0)mu(+/-)v and K-+/- -> pi(0)e(+/-)v and their ratio (vol 50, pg 329, 2007) SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Correction AB In an earlier paper [1], the background for K-e3 was over estimated due to an erroneous calculation of the electron identification efficiency. The correct ratios of the partial widths involving this channel are R-Ke3/K2 pi = 0.2470 +/- 0.0009 (stat) +/- 0.0004 (syst) and R-K mu 3/Ke3 = 0.663 +/- 0.003 (stat) +/- 0.001 (syst). Assuming the PDG value [2] for the K-2 pi branching ratio, the measured branching fraction of Br (K-e3) continues to exceed the current PDG value [2]. The extracted value of |V-us|f(+)(0) is in agreement with the CKM unitary prediction; thus, our conclusions in [1] do not change. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60126 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. INFN Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Osterreich Akad Wissenschaft, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-10560 Vienna, Austria. Univ Aix Marseille 2, IN2P3 CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Batley, JR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Cenci, Patrizia/A-4071-2012; Collazuol, Gianmaria/C-5670-2012; Piccini, Mauro/G-7163-2012; Sozzi, Marco/H-1674-2011; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Fiorini, Massimiliano/A-5354-2015; Martelli, Filippo/P-4041-2015; Gianoli, Alberto/H-5544-2015 OI Collazuol, Gianmaria/0000-0002-7876-6124; Sozzi, Marco/0000-0002-2923-1465; Fiorini, Massimiliano/0000-0001-6559-2084; Martelli, Filippo/0000-0003-3761-8616; Gianoli, Alberto/0000-0002-2456-8667 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1023 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0454-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 229YI UT WOS:000250842100018 ER PT J AU Heidrich-Meisner, F Honecker, A Brenig, W AF Heidrich-Meisner, F. Honecker, A. Brenig, W. TI Transport in quasi one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Review ID NONLINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; SMALL QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; XXZ CHAIN; HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FOURIERS LAW; LADDER; TEMPERATURES; DYNAMICS; GAP AB We present numerical results for the spin and thermal conductivity of one-dimensional (1D) quantum spin systems. We contrast the properties of integrable models such as the spin-1/2 XXZ chain against nonintegrable ones such as frustrated and dimerized chains. The thermal conductivity of the XXZ chain is ballistic at finite temperatures, while in the nonintegrable models, this quantity is argued to vanish. For the case of frustrated and dimerized chains, we discuss the frequency dependence of the transport coefficients. Finally, we give an overview over related theoretical work on intrinsic and extrinsic scattering mechanisms of quasi-1D spin systems. C1 [Heidrich-Meisner, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Honecker, A.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Brenig, W.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Heidrich-Meisner, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fheidric@utk.edu RI Honecker, Andreas/A-7941-2008; Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009 OI Honecker, Andreas/0000-0001-6383-3200; NR 127 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 151 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00369-2 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244IE UT WOS:000251858800014 ER PT J AU Appella, E Anderson, CW AF Appella, Ettore Anderson, Carl W. TI New prospects for proteomics - electron-capture (ECD) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation techniques and combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC) SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Appella, E (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 274 IS 24 BP 6255 EP 6255 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06146.x PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 237OW UT WOS:000251385800001 PM 18021241 ER PT J AU Gao, H Chen, JP Cisbani, E Jiang, X Peng, JC Qian, X Zhu, LY AF Gao, H. Chen, J. P. Cisbani, E. Jiang, X. Peng, J. C. Qian, X. Zhu, L. Y. TI Neutron transversity measurement at Jefferson Lab with a polarized He-3 target SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; QUARK FLAVOR SEPARATION; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES; DEUTERIUM TARGET; NUCLEON; LIGHT AB A first measurement of single target spin asymmetry (SSA) from semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions from a transversely polarized He-3 target in deep-inelastic-scattering kinematics will take data in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in 2008. Such SSA will allow for an extraction of the much desired information on the Collins and Sivers asymmetry from the "neutron" in order to probe the quark transversity distributions. The experiment will be a coincidence measurement with the BigBite spectrometer detecting the scattered electrons and the left-arm HRS spectrometer detecting the charged pions. The prospect of future 11 GeV measurements at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a solenoid magnetic detector system is also discussed in this talk. C1 [Gao, H.; Qian, X.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gao, H.; Qian, X.] Duke Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Chen, J. P.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. [Cisbani, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Grp Coll Sanita, Rome, Italy. [Jiang, X.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Peng, J. C.; Zhu, L. Y.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gao, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM gao@phy.duke.edu RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Qian, Xin/0000-0002-7903-7935 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00601-007-0186-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241IZ UT WOS:000251651400005 ER PT J AU Vanderhaeghen, M AF Vanderhaeghen, M. TI Two-photon physics SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; COMPTON-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRY; CROSS-SECTION; NUCLEON; MODEL AB A brief discussion is given on the status of two-photon exchange contributions to elastic electron-nucleon scattering. The apparent discrepancy in the extraction of elastic nucleon form factors between unpolarized Rosenbluth and polarization transfer experiments is discussed, as well as the understanding of this puzzle in terms of two-photon exchange corrections. It is also discussed how the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude can be accessed from the beam normal spin asymmetry in elastic electron-nucleon scattering. C1 [Vanderhaeghen, M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Vanderhaeghen, M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Vanderhaeghen, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM marcvdh@lab.org NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s00601-007-0192-4 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241IZ UT WOS:000251651400011 ER PT J AU Navratil, P AF Navratil, P. TI Local three-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-FORCES; LAGRANGIANS; POTENTIALS; MOMENTUM; SPACE; MODEL AB The three-nucleon (NNN) interaction derived within the chiral effective field theory at the next-to-next-to-leading order ((NLO)-L-2) is regulated with a function depending on the magnitude of the momentum transfer. The regulated NNN interaction is then local in the coordinate space, which is advantageous for some many-body techniques. Matrix elements of the local chiral NNN interaction are evaluated in a three-nucleon basis. Using the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) the NNN matrix elements are employed in H-3 and He-4 bound-state calculations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Navratil, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM navratil1@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 117 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s00601-007-0193-3 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241JA UT WOS:000251651500001 ER PT J AU McDonald, LL Bilby, R Bisson, PA Coutant, CC Epifanio, JM Goodman, D Hanna, S Huntly, N Merrill, E Riddell, B Liss, W Loudenslager, EJ Philipp, DP Smoker, W Whitney, RR Williams, RN AF McDonald, Lyman L. Bilby, Robert Bisson, Peter A. Coutant, Charles C. Epifanio, John M. Goodman, Daniel Hanna, Susan Huntly, Nancy Merrill, Erik Riddell, Brian Liss, William Loudenslager, Eric J. Philipp, David P. Smoker, William Whitney, Richard R. Williams, Richard N. CA Independent Sci Advisory Board Independent Sci Review Panel TI Research, monitoring, and evaluation of fish and wildlife restoration projects in the Columbia River Basin: Lessons learned and suggestions for large-scale monitoring programs SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The year 2006 marked two milestones in the Columbia River Basin and the Pacific Northwest region's efforts to rebuild its once great salmon and steelhead runs-the 25(th) anniversary of the creation of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council and the 10,h anniversary of an amendment to the Northwest Power Act that formalized scientific peer review of the council's Fish and Wildlife Program and its varied individual projects. The authors of this article served as peer reviewers in the last decade. Restoration efforts in the Columbia River constitute a massive long-term attempt at fisheries and ecosystem restoration. In this article we examine some of the lessons we learned in reviewing the research, monitoring, and evaluation efforts of projects and their effects on advancing knowledge (i.e., adaptive management) in the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, one of the most ambitious and expensive long-term ecological restoration programs in the United States. C1 [McDonald, Lyman L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Bilby, Robert] Weyerhaeuser Co, Tocama, WA USA. [Bisson, Peter A.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA USA. [Coutant, Charles C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Epifanio, John M.; Philipp, David P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Goodman, Daniel] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hanna, Susan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huntly, Nancy] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Loudenslager, Eric J.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Advisory Board] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Advisory Board, Portland, OR USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Review Panel] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Review Panel, Portland, OR USA. [Riddell, Brian] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Smoker, William] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Richard N.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonids & Freshwater Species Risk, Hagerman, ID USA. RP McDonald, LL (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. EM Lmcdonald@west-inc.com OI Huntly, Nancy/0000-0001-6051-6365 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[582:RMAEOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 253AK UT WOS:000252489300007 ER PT J AU Salminen, J Papaiconomou, N Kumara, RA Lee, JM Kerr, J Newman, J Prausnitz, JM AF Salminen, Justin Papaiconomou, Nicolas Kumara, R. Anand Lee, Jong-Min Kerr, John Newman, John Prausnitz, John M. TI Physicochemical properties and toxicities of hydrophobic piperidinium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Propeties and Phase Equilibria for Product and Process Design CY MAY 20-25, 2007 CL Crete, GREECE DE ionic liquids; hydrophobic; piperidinium; pyrrolidinium; properties; safety; toxicity ID MOLTEN-SALTS; METAL-IONS; IMIDAZOLIUM; TEMPERATURE; EXTRACTION; CATIONS; 1-METHYL-3-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM; CYTOTOXICITY; VISCOSITY AB Some properties are reported for hydrophobic ionic liquids (IL) containing 1-methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium [MPPyrro](+), 1-methyl-1-butyl pyrrolidinium [MBPyrro](+), 1-methyl-1-propyl piperidinium [MPPip](+), 1-methyl-1-butyl piperidinium [MBPip](+), 1-methyl-1-octyl pyrrolidinium [MOPyrro](+) and 1-methyl-1-octyl piperidinium [MOPip](+) cations. These liquids provide new alternatives to pyridinium and imidazolium ILs. High thermal stability of an ionic liquid increases safety in applications like rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and other electrochemical devices. Thermal properties, ionic conductivities, viscosities, and mutual solubilities with water are reported. In addition, toxicities of selected ionic liquids have been measured using a human cancer cell line. The ILs studied here are sparingly soluble in water but hygroscopic. We show some structure-property relationships that may help to design green solvents for specific applications. While ionic liquids are claimed to be environmentally benign solvents, as yet few data have been published to support these claims. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salminen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM justin.salminen@tkk.fi RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 35 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.06.031 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 234WH UT WOS:000251194400058 ER PT J AU Miller, SL AF Miller, S. L. TI Insights into the second law of thermodynamics from anisotropic gas-surface interactions SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; solid-gas interfaces; gas-surface interactions; reduced dimensionality; second law ID THERMAL-DESORPTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; DERIVATION; DIMENSIONALITY; PROBABILITY; RECIPROCITY; SCATTERING; SYMMETRY; PRESSURE; EQUATION AB Thermodynamic implications of anisotropic gas-surface interactions in a closed molecular flow cavity are examined. Anisotropy at the microscopic scale, such as might be caused by reduced-dimensionality surfaces, is shown to lead to reversibility at the macroscopic scale. The possibility of a self-sustaining nonequilibrium stationary state induced by surface anisotropy is demonstrated that simultaneously satisfies flux balance, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. Conversely, it is also shown that the second law of thermodynamics prohibits anisotropic gas-surface interactions in "equilibrium", even for reduced dimensionality surfaces. This is particularly startling because reduced dimensionality surfaces are known to exhibit a plethora of anisotropic properties. That gas-surface interactions would be excluded from these anisotropic properties is completely counterintuitive from a causality perspective. These results provide intriguing insights into the second law of thermodynamics and its relation to gas-surface interaction physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, SL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sam.miller@comcast.net NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1660 EP 1684 DI 10.1007/s10701-007-9167-z PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229UN UT WOS:000250831300003 ER PT J AU Lin, MF Carlson, JW Crosby, MA Matthews, BB Yu, C Park, S Wan, KH Schroeder, AJ Gramates, LS Pierre, SES Roark, M Wiley, KL Kulathinal, RJ Zhang, PL Myrick, KV Antone, JV Celniker, SE Gelbart, WM Kellis, M AF Lin, Michael F. Carlson, Joseph W. Crosby, Madeline A. Matthews, Beverley B. Yu, Charles Park, Soo Wan, Kenneth H. Schroeder, Andrew J. Gramates, L. Sian Pierre, Susan E. St. Roark, Margaret Wiley, Kenneth L., Jr. Kulathinal, Rob J. Zhang, Peili Myrick, Kyl V. Antone, Jerry V. Celniker, Susan E. Gelbart, William M. Kellis, Manolis TI Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-RNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS; SELENOPROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; ANNOTATION; EXPRESSION; ADENOSINE; ENCODES AB The availability of sequenced genomes from 12 Drosophila species has enabled the use of comparative genomics for the systematic discovery of functional elements conserved within this genus. We have developed quantitative metrics for the evolutionary signatures specific to protein-coding regions and applied them genome-wide, resulting in 1193 candidate new protein-coding exons in the D. melanogaster genome. We have reviewed these predictions by manual curation and validated a subset by directed cDNA screening and sequencing, revealing both new genes and new alternative splice forms of known genes. We also used these evolutionary signatures to evaluate existing gene annotations, resulting in the validation of 87% of genes lacking descriptive names and identifying 414 poorly conserved genes that are likely to be spurious predictions, noncoding, or species-specific genes. Furthermore, our methods suggest a variety of refinements to hundreds of existing gene models, such as modifications to translation start codons and exon splice boundaries. Finally, we performed directed genome-wide searches for unusual protein-coding structures, discovering 149 possible examples of stop codon readthrough, 125 new candidate ORFs of polycistronic mRNAs, and several candidate translational frameshifts. These results affect > 10% of annotated fly genes and demonstrate the power of comparative genomics to enhance our understanding of genome organization, even in a model organism as intensively studied as Drosophila melanogaster. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genom Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Flybase Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kellis, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM manoli@mit.edu NR 50 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1823 EP 1836 DI 10.1101/gr.6679507 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 237FP UT WOS:000251359900013 PM 17989253 ER PT J AU Villasante, A Abad, JP Planello, R Mendez-Lago, M Celniker, SE de Pablos, B AF Villasante, Alfredo Abad, Jose P. Planello, Rosario Mendez-Lago, Maria Celniker, Susan E. de Pablos, Beatriz TI Drosophila telomeric retrotransposons derived from an ancestral element that was recruited to replace telomerase SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROKEN CHROMOSOME ENDS; HET-A; DNA-SEQUENCES; Y-CHROMOSOME; MELANOGASTER CONTAINS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MAINTAIN TELOMERES; GENOME SEQUENCE; APIS-MELLIFERA; TART ELEMENTS AB Drosophila telomeres do not have arrays of simple telomerase-generated G-rich repeats. Instead, Drosophila maintains its telomeres by occasional transposition of specific non-long terminal repeat ( non-LTR) retrotransposons to chromosome ends. The genus Drosophila provides a superb model system for comparative telomere analysis. Here we present an evolutionary study of Drosophila telomeric elements to ascertain the significance of telomeric retrotransposons ( TRs) in the maintenance of Drosophila telomeres. PCR and in silico surveys in the sibling species of Drosophila melanogaster and in more distantly related species show that multiple TRs maintain telomeres in Drosophila. In addition to TRs with two open reading frames ( ORFs) capable of autonomous transposition, there are deleted telomeric retrotransposons that have lost their ORF2, which we refer to as half telomeric-retrotransposons ( HTRs). The phylogenetic relationship among these telomeric elements is congruent with the phylogeny of the species, suggesting that they have been vertically inherited from a common ancestor. Our results suggest that an existing non-LTR retrotransposon was recruited to perform the cellular function of telomere maintenance. C1 UAM, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genom Sci, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Villasante, A (reprint author), UAM, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. EM avillasante@cbm.uam.es RI Planello, Rosario/E-9975-2015 OI Planello, Rosario/0000-0003-3730-9549 NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1101/gr.6365107 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 237FP UT WOS:000251359900020 PM 17989257 ER PT J AU Ahituv, N Akiyama, J Chapman-Helleboid, A Fruchart, J Pennacchio, LA AF Ahituv, Nadav Akiyama, Jennifer Chapman-Helleboid, Audrey Fruchart, Jamila Pennacchio, Len A. TI In vivo characterization of human APOA5 haplotypes SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE APOA5; triglycerides; cardiovascular disease; haplotypes; genetically engineered mice ID AIV GENE-CLUSTER; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; JAPANESE POPULATION; STRONG ASSOCIATION; ETHNIC-GROUPS; LIPID-LEVELS; A-I; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA AB Increased plasma triglyceride concentrations are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies support a reproducible genetic association between two minor haplotypes in the human apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) and increased plasma triglyceride concentrations. We thus sought to investigate the effects of these minor haplotypes (APOA5*2 and APOA5*3) on ApoAV plasma levels through the precise insertion of single-copy APOA5 haplotypes at a targeted location (Hprt) in the mouse genome. While we found no difference in the amount of human plasma ApoAV in mice containing the common APOA5*1 or minor APOA5*2 haplotype, the introduction of the single APOA5*3-defining allele (19W) resulted in three fold lower ApoAV plasma levels, consistent with existing genetic association studies. These results indicate that the S19W polymorphism is likely to be functional and explain the strong association of this variant with plasma triglycerides, Supporting the value of sensitive in vivo assays to define the functional nature of human haplotypes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahituv, Nadav; Akiyama, Jennifer; Pennacchio, Len A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Chapman-Helleboid, Audrey; Fruchart, Jamila] Univ Lille, INSERM, U545, Lille, France. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov OI Ahituv, Nadav/0000-0002-7434-8144 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL071954] NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 674 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.08.003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 242EO UT WOS:000251707500003 PM 17936576 ER PT J AU Bourg, IC Sposito, G AF Bourg, Ian C. Sposito, Garrison TI Molecular dynamics simulations of kinetic isotope fractionation during the diffusion of ionic species in liquid water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID SELF-DIFFUSION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MASS DEPENDENCE; MOBILITY; 25-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; POTENTIALS; HYDRATION; MODEL; RATIO AB Interpretation of isotope ratios, a powerful tool in geochemical investigations of fluid-rock systems, requires an understanding of all relevant processes that fractionate isotopes. One such process, diffusion in liquid water, has remained problematic despite its potential significance as a major cause of kinetic isotope fractionation. Recent laboratory experiments published by [Richter, F. M., Mendybaev, R. A., Christensen, J. N., Hutcheon, I. D., Williams, R. W., Sturchio, N. C., and Beloso Jr., A. D. (2006) Kinetic isotopic fractionation during diffusion of ionic species in water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 277-289.] have shown clearly for the first time that lithium and chloride isotopes are fractionated by diffusion in liquid water, whereas magnesium isotopes are not. In the present paper, we present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of lithium, chloride, and magnesium diffusion in liquid water that were designed to provide molecular-scale insight into the experimental findings of Richter et a]. (2006). Our results indicate that the self-diffusion coefficients of lithium, chloride, and magnesium isotopes follow an inverse power-law dependence on ion mass (D-i alpha m(i)(-beta), where D-i is the self-diffusion coefficient of a solute with isotopic mass m(i)). The power-law exponents (beta) deduced for lithium, chloride, and magnesium from the diffusivity data of Richter et al. (2006) are consistent with the mass dependencies found in our simulations. Further analysis of our simulation results showed that the experimental beta-values are inversely related to the residence times of water molecules in the first solvation shells of the diffusing ions, as expected from mode-coupling and renormalized kinetic theories. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bourg, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ibourg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Bourg, Ian/A-6405-2013; OI Bourg, Ian/0000-0002-5265-7229 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5583 EP 5589 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.021 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800002 ER PT J AU Dhungana, S Anthony, CR Hersman, LE AF Dhungana, Suraj Anthony, Charles R., III Hersman, Larry E. TI Ferrihydrite dissolution by pyridine-2,6-bis(monothiocarboxylic acid) and hydrolysis products SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID MEDIATED IRON TRANSPORT; PYRIDINE-2,6-BIS(THIOCARBOXYLIC ACID); REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; PSEUDOMONAS-MENDOCINA; PROMOTED DISSOLUTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IRON(III) OXIDES; REDOX PROCESSES; WATER EXCHANGE AB Pyridine-2,6-bis(monothiocarboxylate) (pdtc), a metabolic product of microorganisms, including Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri was investigated for its ability of dissolve Fe(III)(hydr) oxides at pH 7.5. Concentration dependent dissolution of ferrihydrite under anaerobic environment showed saturation of the dissolution rate at the higher concentration of pdtc. The surface controlled ferrihydrite dissolution rate was determined to be 1.2 x 10(-6) mol m(-2) h(-1). Anaerobic dissolution of ferrihydrite by pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or dipicolinic acid (dpa), a hydrolysis product of pdtc, was investigated to study the mechanism(s) involved in the pdtc facilitated ferrihydrite dissolution. These studies suggest that pdtc dissolved ferrihydrite using a reduction step, where dpa chelates the Fe reduced by a second hydrolysis product, H2S. Dpa facilitated dissolution of ferrihydrite showed very small increase in the Fe dissolution when the concentration of external reductant, ascorbate, was doubled, suggesting the surface dynamics being dominated by the interactions between dpa and ferrihydrite. Greater than stoichiometric amounts of Fe were mobilized during dpa dissolution of ferrihydrite assisted by ascorbate and cysteine. This is attributed to the catalytic dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr) oxides by the in situ generated Fe(II) in the presence of a complex former, dpa. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dhungana, S (reprint author), NIEHS, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5651 EP 5660 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.022 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800007 ER PT J AU Pena, J Duckworth, OW Bargar, JR Sposito, G AF Pena, Jasquelin Duckworth, Owen W. Bargar, John R. Sposito, Garrison TI Dissolution of hausmannite (Mn3O4) in the presence of the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID MANGANESE OXIDE MINERALS; MEDIATED IRON TRANSPORT; SIDEROPHORE-MANGANESE(III) INTERACTIONS; GAMMA-MNOOH; PINAL-CREEK; OXIDATION; MN(III); ANTARCTICA; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY AB That microbial siderophores may be mediators of Mn(III) biogeochemistry is suggested by recent studies showing that these well known Fe(III)-chelating ligands form very stable Mn(III) aqueous complexes. In this study, we examine the influence of desferrioxamine B (DFOB), a trihydroxamate siderophore, on the dissolution of hausmannite, a mixed valence Mn(II, III) oxide found in soils and freshwater sediments. Batch dissolution experiments were conducted both in the absence (pH 4-9) and in the presence of 100 mu M DFOB (pH 5-9). In the absence of the ligand, there is a sharp decrease in the extent of proton-promoted dissolution above pH 5 and no appreciable dissolution above pH 8. The resulting aqueous Mn2+ activities were in good agreement with previous studies, indirectly supporting the accepted two-step mechanism involving the formation of manganite and reprecipitation of hausmannite. Desferrioxamine B enhanced hausmannite dissolution over the entire pH range investigated, both via the formation of a Mn(III) complex and through surface-catalyzed reductive dissolution. Above pH 8, non-reductive ligand-promoted dissolution dominated, whereas below pH 8, dissolution was non-stoichiometric with respect to DFOB. Concurrent proton-promoted, ligand-promoted, reductive, and induced dissolution was observed, with Mn release by either reductive or induced dissolution increasing linearly with decreasing pH. The fast kinetics of the DFOB-promoted dissolution of hausmannite, as compared to iron oxides, suggest that the siderophore-promoted dissolution of Mn(III)bearing minerals may compete with the siderophore-promoted dissolution of Fe(III)-bearing minerals. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pena, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpena@nature.berkeley.edu NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5661 EP 5671 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.043 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800008 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Nagy, KL Fenter, P AF Lee, Sang Soo Nagy, Kathryn L. Fenter, Paul TI Distribution of barium and fulvic acid at the mica-solution interface using in-situ X-ray reflectivity SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HEAVY-METAL-ADSORPTION; CLAY-MINERALS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB The interfacial structures of the basal surface of muscovite mica in solutions containing (1) 5 x 10(-3) m BaCl2, (2) 500 ppm Elliott Soil Fulvic Acid I (ESFA I), (3) 100 ppm Elliott Soil Fulvic Acid II (ESFA II), (4) 100 ppm Pahokee Peat Fulvic Acid I (PPFA), and (5) 5 x 10(-3) m BaCl2 and 100 ppm ESFA II were obtained with high resolution in-situ X-ray reflectivity. The derived electron-density profile in BaCl2 shows two sharp peaks near the mica surface at 1.98(2) and 3.02(4) angstrom corresponding to the heights of a mixture of Ba2+ ions and water molecules adsorbed in ditrigonal cavities and water molecules coordinated to the Ba2+ ions, respectively. This pattern indicates that most Ba2+ ions are adsorbed on the mica surface as inner-sphere complexes in a partially hydrated form. The amount of Ba2+ ions in the ditrigonal cavities compensates more than 90% of the layer charge of the mica surface. The electron-density profiles of the fulvic acids (FAs) adsorbed on the mica surface, in the absence of Ba2+, had overall thicknesses of 4.9-10.8 angstrom and consisted of one broad taller peak near the surface (likely hydrophobic and positively-charged groups) followed by a broad humped pattern (possibly containing negatively-charged functional groups). The total interfacial electron density and thickness of the FA layer increased as the solution FA concentration increased. The sorbed peat FA which has higher ash content showed a higher average electron density than the sorbed soil FA. When the muscovite reacted with a pre-mixed BaCl2-ESFA II solution, the positions of the two peaks nearest the surface matched those in the BaCl2 solution. However, the occupancy of the second peak decreased by about 30% implying that the hydration shell of surface-adsorbed Ba2+ was partially substituted by FA. The two surface peaks were followed by a broad less electron-dense layer suggesting a sorption mechanism in which Ba2+ acts dominantly as a bridging cation between the mica surface and FA. When the muscovite reacted first with FA and subsequently with BaCl2, more Ba2+ could be adsorbed on the FA-coated mica surface. The peak closest to the mica included Ba2+ ions adsorbed directly on the mica in an amount similar to that in the BaCl2 Solution but more broadly distributed. A second peak observed within the FA layer suggests that the FA coating provides additional sites for Ba2+ sorption. The results indicate that enhanced uptake of heavy metals can occur when an organic coating already exists on a mineral surface. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 845 W Taylor St MC 186, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM slee28@uic.edu RI Lee, Sang Soo/B-9046-2012 NR 90 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5763 EP 5781 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.031 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800015 ER PT J AU Root, RA Dixit, S Campbell, KM Jew, AD Hering, JG O'Day, PA AF Root, Robert A. Dixit, Suvasis Campbell, Kate M. Jew, Adam D. Hering, Janet G. O'Day, Peggy A. TI Arsenic sequestration by sorption processes in high-iron sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID HYDROXYCARBONATE GREEN RUST; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROMORPHIC SOILS; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; GROUND-WATER; DISSOLUTION AB High-iron sediments in North Haiwee Reservoir (Olancha, CA), resulting from water treatment for removal of elevated dissolved arsenic in the Los Angeles Aqueduct system, were studied to examine arsenic partitioning between solid phases and porewaters undergoing shallow burial. To reduce arsenic in drinking water supplies, ferric chloride and a cationic polymer coagulant are added to the aqueduct upstream of Haiwee Reservoir, forming an iron-rich floe that scavenges arsenic from the water. Analysis by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showed that the aqueduct precipitate is an amorphous hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) similar to ferrihydrite, and that arsenic is associated with the floc as adsorbed and/or coprecipitated As(V). Arsenic-rich floe and sediments are deposited along the inlet channel as aqueduct waters enter the reservoir. Sediment core samples were collected in two consecutive years from the edge of the reservoir along the inlet channel using 30- or 90-cm push cores. Cores were analyzed for total and extractable arsenic and iron concentrations. Arsenic and iron speciation and mineralogy in sediments were examined at selected depths by synchrotron XAS and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sediment-porewater measurements were made adjacent to the core sample sites using polyacrylamide gel probe samplers. Results showed that sediment As(V) is reduced to As(III) in all cores at or near the sediment-water interface (0-4 cm), and only As(III) was observed in deeper sediments. Analyses of EXAFS spectra indicated that arsenic is present in the sediments mostly as a bidentate-binuclear, inner-sphere sorption complex with local atomic geometries similar to those found in laboratory studies. Below about 10 cm depth, XAS indicated that the HFO floc had been reduced to a mixed Fe(II, III) solid with a local structure similar to that of synthetic green rust (GR) but with a slightly contracted average interatomic Fe-Fe distance in the hydroxide layer. There was no evidence from XRD for the formation of a crystalline GR phase. The release of dissolved iron (presumably Fe (2+)) and arsenic to solution, as monitored by in situ gel probes, was variable but, in general, occurred at greater depths than arsenic reduction in the sediments by spectroscopic observations and appears to be near or below the depth at which sediment GR was identified. These data point to reductive dissolution of the sorbent iron phase as the primary mechanism of release of sorbed arsenic to solution. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP O'Day, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM poday@ucmerced.edu OI Root, Robert/0000-0003-2094-807X NR 85 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5782 EP 5803 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.038 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800016 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Marcus, MA Myneni, SCB AF Leri, Alessandra C. Marcus, Matthew A. Myneni, Satish C. B. TI X-ray spectromicroscopic investigation of natural organochlorine distribution in weathering plant material SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID ORGANICALLY BOUND HALOGENS; SPRUCE FOREST SOIL; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORINATED AROMATICS; CHLOROPEROXIDASE; CHLORIDE; LIGNIN; FUNGI; ACID; ORGANOHALOGENS AB Natural organochlorine (Cl-org) is ubiquitous in soil humus, but the distribution and cycling of different Cl species during the humification of plant material is poorly understood. Our X-ray spectromicroscopic studies indicate that the distributions of Cl-org and inorganic Cl-Clinorg) in oak leaf material vary dramatically with decay stage, with the most striking changes occurring at the onset of weathering. In healthy or senescent leaves harvested from trees, Cl-inorg occurs in sparsely distributed, highly localized "hotspots" associated with trichomes as well as in diffuse concentration throughout the leaf tissue. The Cl-inorg associated with trichomes exists either in H-bonded form or in a solid salt matrix, while the Cl-inorg in diffuse areas of lower Cl concentration appears exclusively in H-bonded form. Most solid phase Cl-inorg leaches from the leaf tissue during early weathering stages, whereas the H-bonded Cl-inorg appears to leach away slowly as degradation progresses, persisting through advanced weathering stages. In unweathered leaves, aromatic and aliphatic Cl-org were found in rare but concentrated hotspots. In weathered leaves, by contrast, aromatic Cl-org hotspots are prevalent, often coinciding with areas of elevated Fe or Mn concentration. Aromatic Cl-org is highly soluble in leaves at early weathering stages and insoluble at more advanced stages. These results, combined with optical microscopy, suggest that fungi play a role in the production of aromatic Cl-org in weathering leaf material. Aliphatic Cl-org occurs in concentrated hotspots in weathered leaves as well as in diffuse areas of low Cl concentration. The distribution and speciation of Cl in weathering oak leaves depicted by this spectromicroscopic study provides new insight into the formation and cycling Of Cl-org during the decay of natural organic matter. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Math, 221 E 71st St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aleri@mmm.edu NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5834 EP 5846 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.001 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800019 ER PT J AU Myers, SC Johannesson, G Hanley, W AF Myers, Stephen C. Johannesson, Gardar Hanley, William TI A Bayesian hierarchical method for multiple-event seismic location SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; location; multiple-event; Nevada Test Site; seismic; stochastic ID CONSTRAINED CALIBRATION EVENTS; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; INVERSE PROBLEMS; TEST-SITE; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION AB We formulate the multiple-event seismic location problem as a Bayesian hierarchical statistical model (BAYHLoc). This statistical model has three distinct components: traveltime predictions, arrival-time measurements, and an a priori statistical model for each aspect of the multiple-event problem. The traveltime model is multifaceted, including both phase-specific adjustments to traveltime curves to improve broad-area prediction, as well as path/phase-specific traveltime adjustments. The arrival-time measurement model is decomposed into station, phase, and event components, allowing flexibility and physically interpretable error parameters. The prior model allows all available information to be brought to bear on the multiple event system. Prior knowledge on the probabilistic accuracy of event locations, traveltime predictions, and arrival-time measurements can be specified. Bayesian methodology merges all three components of the hierarchical model into a joint probability formulation. The joint posterior distribution is, in essence, an inference of all parameters given the prior constraints, self-consistency of the data set, and physics of traveltime calculation. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to draw realizations from the joint posterior distribution. The resulting samples can be used to estimate marginal distributions, for example epicentres and probability regions, as well as parameter correlations. We demonstrate BAYHLoc using the set of Nevada Test Site nuclear explosions, for which hypocentres are known, and phase measurements and traveltimes are well characterized. We find significant improvement in epicentre accuracy using BAYHLoc. Much of the improvement is attributed to the adaptive arrival-time measurement model, which controls data weighting. Regardless of the initial traveltime model, the use of an adjustment to the traveltime curves produces a level of epicentre accuracy that is generally achieved only through meticulous analysis and data culling. Further, we find that accurate hypocentres (including depth and origin-time) are achieved when either accurate traveltime curves with tight priors are used, or when prior information on a small subset of events is utilized. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst & Decis Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Myers, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Po Box 808, L-205, E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM smyers@llnl.gov RI Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014 OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 171 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1063 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03555.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 231YO UT WOS:000250985300009 ER PT J AU Zhang, LB Rector, JW Hoversten, GM Fomel, S AF Zhang, Linbin Rector, James W., III Hoversten, G. Michael Fomel, Sergey TI Split-step complex Pade-Fourier depth migration SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE depth migration; Fourier finite-difference method; Pade approximation ID PARABOLIC EQUATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; EXTRAPOLATION; FIELDS AB We present a split-step complex Pade-Fourier migration method based on the one-way wave equation. The downward-continuation operator is split into two downward-continuation operators: one operator is a phase-shift operator and the other operator is a finite-difference operator. A complex treatment of the propagation operator is applied to mitigate inaccuracies and instabilities due to evanescent waves. It produces high-quality images of complex structures with fewer numerical artefacts than those obtained using a real approximation of a square-root operator in the one-way wave equation. Tests on zero-offset data from the SEG/EAGE salt data show that the method improves the image quality at the cost of an additional 10 per cent computational time compared to the conventional Fourier finite-difference method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Zhang, LB (reprint author), Total E&P USA Inc, 800 Gessner, Suite 700, Houston, TX 77024 USA. EM linbin.zhang@total.com RI Fomel, Sergey/A-3100-2009 OI Fomel, Sergey/0000-0002-9024-5137 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 171 IS 3 BP 1308 EP 1313 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03610.x PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 231YO UT WOS:000250985300028 ER PT J AU Roh, Y Chon, CM Moon, JW AF Roh, Yul Chon, Chul-Min Moon, Ji-Won TI Metal reduction and biomineralization by an alkaliphilic metal-reducing bacterium, Alkaliphilus metalliredigens (QYMF) SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biomineralization; metal reduction; alkaliphile; bioremediation ID ANAEROBIC LAKE-SEDIMENTS; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; EARLY DIAGENESIS; IRON; FE(III); SIDERITE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPERATURES AB Microbial metal reduction has the potential for immobilizing toxic metals and radionuclides in diverse environments. Little is known about metal reduction and immobilization under extreme conditions, and only recently bacterial reduction of metals has been demonstrated under extremely alkaline conditions. The objective of this study was to examine metal reduction and mineral formation using an alkaliphilic bacterium, Alkaliphilus metalliredigens (QYMF), isolated from a leachate-pond containing high levels of salt (Na concentration = 440-12, 100 mg/L) and boron (2,000-3,000 mg/L) at pH 9.0-10.0. The bacterium was able to use lactate, acetate, and hydrogen as alternative electron donors and Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(III)- ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), selenate (SeO42-), chromate (CrO42-), and Co(III)-EDTA as electron acceptors at medium pH=9.5. The reduction of Fe(III)citrate and Fe(III)-EDTA in the presence of K2HPO4 and boron resulted in the precipitation of vivianite [Fe-3(PO4)(2)center dot 8H(2)O]. Formation of sparingly soluble iron phosphates, mediated by the alkaliphilic Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, sequestered iron, phosphate, and other metals into more stable and less toxic forms. These results suggest that bioremediation of metal-contaminated alkaline environments may be feasible, and that the process of metal-reduction may occur in alkaline habitats. C1 [Chon, Chul-Min] Korea Inst Geosci & Min Resources, Groundwater & Geothermal Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Roh, Yul] Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Envirnom Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Moon, Ji-Won] Biosci Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Chon, CM (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Min Resources, Groundwater & Geothermal Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM femini@kigam.re.kr RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU ASSOC KOREAN GEOSCIENCE SOC PI SEOUL PA C/O THE KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER, RM 813, 635-4 YEOKSAM-DONG, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL, 135-708, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-4806 J9 GEOSCI J JI Geosci. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1007/BF02857056 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 247GE UT WOS:000252065200012 ER PT J AU Stefanovsky, SV Nikonov, BS Marra, JC AF Stefanovsky, S. V. Nikonov, B. S. Marra, J. C. TI Characterization of the glass-ceramic material prepared upon vitrification of an iron-containing surrogate of high-level wastes in a cold crucible SO GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Vitreous materials are prepared by cold crucible induction melting of a surrogate of high-level wastes (from the Savannah River Site, United States) and a borosilicate glass frit taken in mass ratios from 45 : 55 to 60 : 40. According to the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic data, the vitreous materials thus produced consist of a glass matrix and a magnetite-type spinel enriched in transition elements. The degree of crystallinity of the materials increases with an increase in the waste oxide content from 6 to 18-20 vol %. The vitreous materials are characterized by a high chemical durability, which decreases only at high contents of the waste oxides (55 wt % and higher) due to the formation of an additional nepheline phase. C1 [Stefanovsky, S. V.] State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow United Ecol, Res Ctr, RAW Conditioning & Environm Protect, Moscow 119121, Russia. [Nikonov, B. S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem, Moscow 109117, Russia. [Marra, J. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Stefanovsky, SV (reprint author), State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow United Ecol, Res Ctr, RAW Conditioning & Environm Protect, Sed Moi Rostovskii Per 2-14, Moscow 119121, Russia. EM profstef@mtu-net.ru NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1087-6596 J9 GLASS PHYS CHEM+ JI Glass Phys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 6 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1134/S1087659607060089 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 243KE UT WOS:000251794400008 ER PT J AU Luyssaert, S Inglima, I Jung, M Richardson, AD Reichstein, M Papale, D Piao, SL Schulzes, ED Wingate, L Matteucci, G Aragao, L Aubinet, M Beers, C Bernhofer, C Black, KG Bonal, D Bonnefond, JM Chambers, J Ciais, P Cook, B Davis, KJ Dolman, AJ Gielen, B Goulden, M Grace, J Granier, A Grelle, A Griffis, T Grunwald, T Guidolotti, G Hanson, PJ Harding, R Hollinger, DY Hutyra, LR Kolar, P Kruijt, B Kutsch, W Lagergren, F Laurila, T Law, BE Le Maire, G Lindroth, A Loustau, D Malhi, Y Mateus, J Migliavacca, M Misson, L Montagnani, L Moncrieff, J Moors, E Munger, JW Nikinmaa, E Ollinger, SV Pita, G Rebmann, C Roupsard, O Saigusa, N Sanz, MJ Seufert, G Sierra, C Smith, ML Tang, J Valentini, R Vesala, T Janssens, IA AF Luyssaert, S. Inglima, I. Jung, M. Richardson, A. D. Reichstein, M. Papale, D. Piao, S. L. Schulzes, E. -D. Wingate, L. Matteucci, G. Aragao, L. Aubinet, M. Beers, C. Bernhofer, C. Black, K. G. Bonal, D. Bonnefond, J. -M. Chambers, J. Ciais, P. Cook, B. Davis, K. J. Dolman, A. J. Gielen, B. Goulden, M. Grace, J. Granier, A. Grelle, A. Griffis, T. Gruenwald, T. Guidolotti, G. Hanson, P. J. Harding, R. Hollinger, D. Y. Hutyra, L. R. Kolar, P. Kruijt, B. Kutsch, W. Lagergren, F. Laurila, T. Law, B. E. Le Maire, G. Lindroth, A. Loustau, D. Malhi, Y. Mateus, J. Migliavacca, M. Misson, L. Montagnani, L. Moncrieff, J. Moors, E. Munger, J. W. Nikinmaa, E. Ollinger, S. V. Pita, G. Rebmann, C. Roupsard, O. Saigusa, N. Sanz, M. J. Seufert, G. Sierra, C. Smith, M. -L. Tang, J. Valentini, R. Vesala, T. Janssens, I. A. TI CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycle; CO2; forest ecosystems; global database; gross primary productivity; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TOTAL SOIL RESPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION AB Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Univ Splein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. LSCE, Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. CNR, ISAFOM, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QW, England. Fac Univ Sci Agron Gembloux, Unit Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteol, Dept Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. Irish Council Forest Res & Dev, Dublin 18, Ireland. INRA, UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana. Ctr Bordeaux, EPHYSE, INRA, Res Unit, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. INRA, EEF, F-54280 Seichamps, France. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Inst Super Tecn, Dept Engn Mecan, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, Milan, Italy. CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France. Autonomous Prov Bolzano, Agcy Environm, Bolzano, Italy. CIRAD, UPR 80 ETP, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Agcy Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain. Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Luyssaert, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Univ Splein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM Sebastiaan.Luyssaert@ua.ac.be RI Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; aragao, luiz/G-8387-2012; Beer, Christian/D-2296-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Grace, John/N-9280-2013; Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; le Maire, Guerric/P-6378-2014; Wingate, Lisa/G-5575-2015; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; BONAL, Damien/B-2384-2009; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011; roupsard, olivier/C-1219-2008; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Migliavacca, mirco/C-1260-2011; Harding, Richard/F-6223-2012; Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; OI Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Pita, Gabriel/0000-0002-2225-5309; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; aragao, luiz/0000-0002-4134-6708; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Wingate, Lisa/0000-0003-1921-1556; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Harding, Richard/0000-0001-7514-287X; Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869; Kolari, Pasi/0000-0001-7271-633X NR 257 TC 399 Z9 426 U1 42 U2 371 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2509 EP 2537 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232VS UT WOS:000251049000004 ER PT J AU Clement, E Malloggi, F Andreotti, B Aranson, IS AF Clement, Eric Malloggi, Florent Andreotti, Bruno Aranson, Igor S. TI Erosive granular avalanches: a cross confrontation between theory and experiment SO GRANULAR MATTER LA English DT Article DE granular avalanches; transverse instability; order parameter ID FLOWS; INSTABILITIES; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; MEDIA AB Results on two laboratory scale avalanches experiments taking place both in the air and under-water, are presented. In both cases a family of solitary erosion/deposition waves are observed. At higher inclination angles, we show the existence of a long wavelength transverse instability followed by a coarsening and the onset of a fingering pattern. While the experiments strongly differ by the spatial and time scales, the agreement between the stability diagram, the wavelengths selection and the avalanche morphology suggest a common erosion/deposition scenario. These experiments are studied theoretically in the framework of the "partial fluidization" model of dense granular flows. This model identifies a family of propagating solitary waves displaying a behavior similar to the experimental observation. A primary cause for the transverse instability is related to the dependence of avalanche velocity on the granular mass trapped by the flow. C1 Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, UMR7636, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, ESPCI, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, UMR7636, F-75005 Paris, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Clement, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, UMR7636, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France. EM erc@ccr.jussieu.fr; F.G.J.Malloggi@tnw.utwente.nl; andreotti@pmmh.espci.fr; aronson@msd.anl.gov RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-7636 J9 GRANUL MATTER JI Granul. Matter PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10035-007-0053-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 230NP UT WOS:000250883500002 ER PT J AU McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Clipson, NJW Forristal, PD Doyle, EM AF McEniry, J. O'Kiely, P. Clipson, N. J. W. Forristal, P. D. Doyle, E. M. TI The relative impacts of wilting, chopping, compaction and air infiltration on the conservation characteristics of ensiled grass SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air infiltration; chopping; compaction; grass silage; wilting ID AEROBIC DETERIORATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-TYROBUTYRICUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SILAGE; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; FORAGE; FARMS; SILO AB The chemical composition of baled silage frequently differs from that of comparable conventional silage. The extents of wilting, chopping, compaction and air infiltration potentially contribute to these differences in conservation characteristics. An experiment was organized in a 3 (0, 24 or 48-h wilting to influence herbage dry-matter content) x 2 (unchopped or chopped) x 2 (with or without compaction) x 2 (with or without air infiltration) factorial arrangement of treatments, to elucidate the relative effects of these factors on the conservation characteristics of ensiled grass. Dry-matter content of herbage and infiltration of air had a greater effect on silage conservation characteristics than chopping and compaction. The main interactions were between wilting and air infiltration, wilting and compaction, and compaction and air infiltration. Air infiltration stimulated a secondary fermentation in the unwilted herbage, reflected in a large increase (P < 0.001) in clostridial activity. As wilting progressed, air infiltration facilitated yeast respiration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and resulted in an increase (P < 0.001) in in-silo fresh-weight losses. Compaction reduced (P < 0.05) silage pore space and, as a result, the extent to which air could penetrate the silage mass. Compaction of the wilted herbage restricted respiration and was reflected in increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of WSC and in a reduction (P < 0.001) in fresh-weight loss. The rapid achievement and maintenance of adequately anaerobic conditions is the primary requirement for baled silage. This study showed that failure to achieve this will lead to progressively greater losses, especially with drier herbage. C1 Teagasc, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. Teagasc, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Kiely, P (reprint author), Teagasc, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM padraig.okiely@teagasc.ie NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-5242 EI 1365-2494 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 470 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00602.x PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 231IV UT WOS:000250941200008 ER PT J AU Thornton, EC Gilmore, TJ Olsen, KB Giblin, JT Phelan, JM AF Thornton, E. C. Gilmore, T. J. Olsen, K. B. Giblin, J. T. Phelan, J. M. TI Treatment of a chromate-contaminated soil site by in situ gaseous reduction SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE AB A proof-of-concept field test for the treatment of hexavalent chromium in the vadose zone using in situ gaseous reduction was successfully completed by the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Defense in a joint demonstration conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The test involved injecting hydrogen sulfide, diluted in air, into contaminated vadose zone sediment to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The gaseous mixture was injected directly into the contaminated sediment through a central injection well and vacuum extracted through the flow field with six boreholes at the site periphery over a 76-d period. Comparison of soil samples taken before and after the test indicated 70% of the total mass of hexavalent chromium originally present at the site was reduced and immobilized. The zone of highest contamination was nearly completely treated, with average Cr(VI) concentrations decreasing in this interval from an average of 8.1 mg/kg before treatment to 1.1 mg/kg after treatment. Treatment was best in higher permeability clean gypsum sands and less effective in zones containing greater amounts of silt and clay and a slightly higher iron content. All hexavalent chromium concentrations measured in the posttest samples, however, were well below the remedial goal and regulatory limit of 30 mg/kg. In addition, the field test demonstrated that vadose zone treatment of contamination can be safely conducted using diluted hydrogen sulfide gas mixtures. Ongoing development of the technology is being directed toward addressing the limitations of gaseous treatment arising from variations in sediment permeability and iron content and assessing the relationship between hydrogen sulfide consumption and reaction kinetics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resources Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. White Sands Missile Range, Environm Compliance Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thornton, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resources Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00123.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 136MS UT WOS:000244228600003 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, G Negri, MC Minsker, BS Werth, CJ AF Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri Negri, M. Cristina Minsker, Barbara S. Werth, Charles J. TI Monitoring subsurface contamination using tree branches SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PLANT STEMS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB This paper proposes a method of assessing the distribution of chlorinated solvents in soil and ground water using tree branches. Sampling branches is a potentially more cost-effective and easier method than sampling tree cores, with less risk of damage to the tree. This approach was tested at Argonne National Laboratory, where phytoremediation is being used to remove tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) from soil and ground water. The phytoremediation system consists of shallow-rooted willows planted in an area with contaminated soil and deep-rooted poplars planted in an area with clean soil and contaminated ground water. Branch samples were collected from 126 willows and 120 poplars. Contaminant concentrations from 31 soil borings and six monitoring wells were compared to those from branches of adjacent trees. Regression equations with correlation coefficients of at least 0.89 were obtained, which were found to be chemical specific. Kriged profiles of TCE concentration based on soil and willow branch data were developed and showed good agreement. Profiles based on ground water data could not be developed due to lack of sufficient monitoring wells for a meaningful statistical analysis. An analytical model was used to simulate TCE concentrations in tree branches from soil concentrations; the diffusion coefficient for TCE in the tree was used as the fitting parameter and the best-fit value was two orders of magnitude greater than literature values. This work indicates that tree branch sampling is a useful approach to assess contaminant distribution and potentially to determine where to locate monitoring wells or perform detailed soil analysis. Further research is necessary prior to using this method as a quantitative monitoring tool for soil and ground water. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Werth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM werth@uiuc.edu NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00124.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 136MS UT WOS:000244228600004 ER PT J AU Oostrom, M Wietsma, TW Covert, MA Vermeul, VR AF Oostrom, M. Wietsma, T. W. Covert, M. A. Vermeul, V. R. TI Zero-valent iron emplacement in permeable porous media using polymer additions SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SAND COLUMNS AB At the Hanford Site in Washington, an extensive in situ redox manipulation (ISRM) permeable reactive barrier was installed to prevent chromate from reaching the Columbia River. However, chromium has been detected in several wells, indicating a premature loss of the reductive capacity in the aquifer. One possible cause for premature chromate breakthrough is associated with the presence of high-permeability zones in the aquifer. The potential emplacement of zero-valent iron (Fe-0) into high-permeability Hanford sediments to enhance the barrier's reductive capacity using shear-thinning fluids containing polymers was investigated in three-dimensional wedge-shaped aquifer models. Porous media were packed in the wedge-shaped flow cell to create either a heterogeneous layered system with a high-permeability zone between two low-permeability zones or a high-permeability channel surrounded by low-permeability materials. The injection flow rate, polymer type, polymer concentration, and injected pore volumes were determined based on preliminary short- and long-column experiments. The flow cell experiments indicated that iron concentration enhancements of at least 0.6% w/w could be obtained using moderate flow rates and injection of 30 pore volumes. The aqueous pressure increased by a maximum of 25 kPa during infiltration, but a decrease in permeability was not observed. Under optimal conditions, the 0.6% amended Fe-0 concentration would provide approximately 20 times the average reductive capacity that is provided by the dithionite-reduced Fe(II) in the ISRM barrier. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oostrom, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, POB 999,MS K0-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mart.oostrom@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00130.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 136MS UT WOS:000244228600010 ER PT J AU Jannik, T AF Jannik, Timothy TI Ali A. Simpkins - 2007 Elda E. Anderson award SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Jannik, T (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM tim.jannik@srnl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 616 EP 617 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 232RQ UT WOS:000251037400003 PM 17993836 ER PT J AU Hraber, P Kuiken, C Yusim, K AF Hraber, Peter Kuiken, Carla Yusim, Karina TI Evidence for human leukocyte antigen heterozygote advantage against hepatitis C virus infection SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HLA CLASS-I; VIRAL CLEARANCE; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; DOMINANT INFLUENCE; NATURAL-HISTORY; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; POLYMORPHISM; DATABASE; ALLELES; HIV-1 AB Outcomes of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) vary widely, from asymptomatic clearance to chronic infection, leading to complications that include fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Previous studies have reported statistical associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) heterozygosity and favorable outcomes of infection with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (the "heterozygote advantage"). To investigate whether HLA zygosity is associated with outcome of HCV infection, we used data from the United States Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database of 52,435 liver transplant recipients from 1995 through 2005. Of these, 30,397 were excluded for lack of HLA data, retransplantation, known HIV infection, or insufficient information regarding HBV infection. The remaining cases were analyzed for associations between HCV infection and HI-A zygosity with 1-sided Fisher's exact tests. Results show significantly lower proportions of HLA-DRB1 heterozygosity among HCV-infected than uninfected cases. The differences were more pronounced with alletes represented as functional supertypes (P = 1.05 X 10(-6)) than as low-resolution genotypes (P = 1.99 X 10(-3)). No significant associations between zygosity and HCV infection were found for other HLA loci. Conclusion: These findings constitute evidence for an advantage among carriers of different supertype HLA-DRB1 alleles against HCV infection progression to end-stage liver disease in a large-scale, long-term study population. Considering HILA polymorphism in terms of supertype diversity is recommended in strategries to design association studies for robust results across populations and in trials to improve treatment options for patients with chronic viral infection. Access to deidentified clinical information relating genetic variation to viral infection improves understanding of variation in infection outcomes and might help to personalize medicine with treatment options informed in part by human genetic variation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hraber, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-10,MS K710,PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM phraber@lanl.gov OI Hraber, Peter/0000-0002-2920-4897 NR 52 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1721 DI 10.1002/hep.21889 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 238TY UT WOS:000251471700009 PM 17935228 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Perelson, Alan S. TI Hepatitis C virus kinetics in chimeric mice during antiviral therapy SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID IN-VIVO; INTERFERON C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dahari, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; OCPHP CDC HHS [P20-PR18754] NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2048 EP 2049 DI 10.1002/hep.21798 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 238TY UT WOS:000251471700049 PM 17935224 ER PT J AU Manly, S Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Busza, W Chai, Z Chetluru, V Garcia, E Gburek, T Gulbrandsen, K Hamblen, J Harnarine, I Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Kane, JL Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Loizides, C Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyngaardt, S Wyslouch, B AF Manly, S. Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. Gulbrandsen, K. Hamblen, J. Harnarine, I. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Kane, J. L. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Loizides, C. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslouch, B. TI Eccentricities of flow - Elliptic flow fluctuations and evidence for transverse localization in the initial state of the matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Hadron Physics and Property of High Baryon Density Matter CY NOV 22-25, 2006 CL Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA DE elliptic flow; fluctuation; event-by-event AB Recent measurements of event-by-event elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200GeV exhibit large relative fluctuations of about 40%-50%. The data are well described by fluctuations in the shape of the initial collision region, as estimated event-by-event with the participant eccentricity using Glauber Monte Carlo. These results, combined with the demonstrated participant eccentricity scaling of the elliptic flow across nuclear species, constitute evidence of transverse granularity in the initial matter production in these collisions. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem & CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Manly, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM steven.manly@rochester.edu RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008 OI Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1133 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 237PI UT WOS:000251387200011 ER PT J AU Wang, G Keane, D Tang, A Voloshin, SA AF Wang, Gang Keane, Declan Tang, Aihong Voloshin, Sergei A. TI A method for measuring event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations with the first-order event plane in heavy-ion collisions SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Hadron Physics and Property of High Baryon Density Matter CY NOV 22-25, 2006 CL Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA DE elliptic flow; fluctuation; event plane; heavy-ion collision ID AU COLLISIONS AB A new method is presented for measuring event-by-event fluctuations of elliptic flow (nu(2)) using firstorder event planes. By studying the event-by-event distributions of nu(2) observables and first-order event-plane observables, average flow (nu(2)) and event-by-event fluctuations with respect to that average can be separately determined, making appropriate allowance for the effects of finite multiplicity. The relation of flow fluctuations to eccentricity fluctuations in the initial-state participant region, as well as detector acceptance effects, are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM gwang@physics.ucla.edu RI Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1169 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 237PI UT WOS:000251387200019 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Sinogeikin, S Crowhurst, JC Ahart, M Lakshtanov, D Prakapenka, V Bass, J Beck, P Tkachev, SN Zaug, JM Fei, Y AF Goncharov, Alexander F. Sinogeikin, Stanislav Crowhurst, Jonathan C. Ahart, Muhtar Lakshtanov, Dmitry Prakapenka, Vitali Bass, Jay Beck, Pierre Tkachev, Sergei N. Zaug, Joseph M. Fei, Yingwei TI Cubic boron nitride as a primary calibrant for a high temperature pressure scale SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cubic FN; brillouin spectroscopy; Equation of State; high-pressure scale ID STATE; ELASTICITY; GPA; CU; EQUATIONS; GAUGE; MGO; AG AB We present results establishing a new high pressure scale at high temperature based on the temperature based on the thermal equation of state and elastic properties of cubic boron nitride (cBN). This scale is derived from simultaneous measurements of density and sound velocities at high pressure and temperature independent of any previous pressure scale. The present results obtained at room temperature to 27 GPa suggest the validity of the current ruby scale (within +/- 4% at 100GPa). At high temperature, data obtained at 16GPa to 723 K are in fair agreement with the thermal equatiion of state of cBN reported in our previous work. We have also shown that cBN can serve as a convenient pressure gauge in X-ray and optical studies using the laser heated diamond anvil cell. C1 [Goncharov, Alexander F.; Ahart, Muhtar; Beck, Pierre; Tkachev, Sergei N.; Fei, Yingwei] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Sinogeikin, Stanislav] Carnegie Inst Sci, HPCAT, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Zaug, Joseph M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lakshtanov, Dmitry; Bass, Jay] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Goncharov, AF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM goncharov@gl.ciw.edu RI Fei, Yingwei/F-3709-2011; Bass, Jay/G-2599-2013; Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011 OI Fei, Yingwei/0000-0001-9955-5353; NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 EI 1477-2299 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1080/08957950701659726 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 254NK UT WOS:000252593100004 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Culley, D Bonierbale, M Amoros, W AF Brown, Charles R. Culley, David Bonierbale, Meredith Amoros, Walter TI Anthocyanin, carotenoid content, and antioxidant values in native south American potato cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index word ORAC; pigments; germplasm; specialty potatoes; solanum chaucha; solanum tuberosum; group goniocalyx; group phureja; group stenotomum ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; BREEDING LINES; ASSAY; INHERITANCE; COLOR; FLESH AB Tubers of 38 native potato cultivars of different taxonomic groups from South America were analyzed to determine the total anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and antioxidant values. Total anthocyanin ranged from zero to 23 mg cyanidin equivalents/400 g fresh weight (FW). Total carotenoid ranged from 38 to 2020 mu g zeaxanthin equivalents/100 g FW. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was measured for the anthocyanin (hydrophilic) and carotenoid (lipophilic) extracts. The hydrophilic ORAC ranged from 333 to 1408 mu M Trolox equivalents/100 g FW. The lipophilic ORAC ranged from 4.7 to 30 nM alpha-tocopherol equivalents/100 g FW. The cultivars consisted of 23 diploids, seven triploids, and eight tetraploids. Total carotenoids was negatively correlated with total anthocyanins. Total anthocyanins was correlated with hydrophilic ORAC. Among clones with less than 2 mg cyanidin equivalents/100 g FW, total carotenoid and lipophilic ORAC were correlated, but this was not true for analysis of all 38 clones. Although total anthocyanins or hydrophilic ORAC values reported here were not outside of the ranges found in North American and other breeding materials, total carotenoids and lipophilic ORACs are higher than previously reported, suggesting that native cultivars of South America with high levels of total carotenoids and high lipophilic ORAC are a unique germplasm source for introgression of these traits into specific potato cultivars outside the center of origin. C1 USDA ARS, Hort LA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Batelle Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Dept Genet Resources & Breeding, Lima, Peru. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort LA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1733 EP 1736 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900051 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Pacheco, S Sumant, AV Gudeman, C Sampath, S Datta, A Carpick, RW Adiga, VP Zurcher, P Ma, Z Yuan, HC Carlisle, JA Kabius, B Hiller, J Srinivasan, S AF Auciello, Orlando Pacheco, Sergio Sumant, Anirudha V. Gudeman, Chris Sampath, Suresh Datta, Arindom Carpick, Robert W. Adiga, Vivekananda P. Zurcher, Peter Ma, Zhenqiang Yuan, Hao-Chih Carlisle, John A. Kabius, Bernd Hiller, Jon Srinivasan, Sudarsan TI Are diamonds a MEMS' best friend? SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DOPED ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GROWTH; FABRICATION; NUCLEATION; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; DEVICES C1 [Auciello, Orlando; Sumant, Anirudha V.; Srinivasan, Sudarsan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Auciello, Orlando; Sumant, Anirudha V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Adiga, Vivekananda P.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ma, Zhenqiang; Yuan, Hao-Chih] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kabius, Bernd; Hiller, Jon] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009; Yuan, Hao-Chih/B-8851-2009; adiga, vivekananda /A-2093-2010 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008; adiga, vivekananda /0000-0001-5979-6830 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1109/MMM.2007.907816 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 245YN UT WOS:000251974800013 ER PT J AU Wohlberg, B Rodriguez, P AF Wohlberg, Brendt Rodriguez, Paul TI An iteratively reweighted norm algorithm for minimization of total variation functionals SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE image restoration; inverse problem; regularization; total variation ID CONSTRAINED TOTAL VARIATION; IMAGE-RESTORATION; DECOMPOSITION; SELECTION AB Total variation (TV) regularization has become a popular method for a wide variety of image restoration problems, including denoising and deconvolution. A number of authors have recently noted the advantages of replacing the standard l(2) data fidelity term with an l(1) norm. We propose a simple but very flexible method for solving a generalized TV functional that includes both the l(2)-TV and l(1)-TV problems as special cases. This method offers competitive computational performance for l(2)-TV and is comparable to or faster than any other l(1)-TV algorithms of which we are aware. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brendt@t7.lanl.gov; prodrig@t7.lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 BP 948 EP 951 DI 10.1109/LSP.2007.906221 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 236IB UT WOS:000251295400014 ER PT J AU Sun, AC Moffat, HK Enos, DG George, CS AF Sun, Amy C. Moffat, Henry K. Enos, David G. George, Carly S. TI Pore corrosion model for gold-plated copper contacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE contact resistance; copper; corrosion; modeling. ID SURFACES AB The goal of this study is to model the electrical response of gold plated copper electrical contacts exposed to a mixed flowing gas stream consisting of air containing 10 ppb H2S at 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 70%. This environment accelerates the attack normally observed in a light industrial environment (essentially a simplified version of the Battelle class 2 environment). Corrosion rates were quantified by measuring the corrosion site density, size distribution, and the macroscopic electrical resistance of the aged surface as a function of exposure time. A pore corrosion numerical model was used to predict both the growth of copper sulfide corrosion product which blooms through defects in the gold layer and the resulting electrical contact resistance of the aged surface. Assumptions about the distribution of defects in the noble metal plating and the mechanism for how corrosion blooms affect electrical contact resistance were needed to close the numerical model. Comparisons are made to the experimentally observed number density of corrosion sites, the size distribution of corrosion product blooms, and the cumulative probability distribution of the electrical contact resistance. Experimentally, the bloom site density increases as a function of time, whereas the bloom size distribution remains relatively independent of time. These two effects are included in the numerical model by adding a corrosion initiation probability proportional to the surface area along with a probability for bloom-growth extinction proportional to the corrosion product bloom volume. The cumulative probability distribution of electrical resistance becomes skewed as exposure time increases. While the electrical contact resistance increases as a function of time for a fraction of the bloom population, the median value remains relatively unchanged. In order to model this behavior, the resistance calculated for large blooms has been weighted more heavily. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sun, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hkmoffa@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 796 EP 804 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2007.906340 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 238EW UT WOS:000251431100033 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Zhou, XJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, Leonidas Zhou, Xing J. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Hydrogen-related instabilities in MOS devices under bias temperature stress SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE bias-temperature instability (BTI); device degradation; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS); hydrogen; interface traps; MOS devices ID MICROELECTRONICS RADIATION RESPONSE; OXIDE-SILICON DEVICES; DOSE-RATE SENSITIVITY; NEGATIVE-BIAS; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; 100 SI/SIO2 AB Hydrogen plays a central role in several reliability-related phenomena in electronic devices. Here, we review an extensive set of first-principles calculations on H effects in Si-based devices. The results provide a framework for the explanation of the physical processes responsible for bias-temperature instability (BTI). We also examine new results on the dissociation reaction of a Si-H bond at the Si-SiO2 interface. We find that the process has barriers of more than 2.3 eV; this precludes the reaction from being responsible for the creation of interface traps at the moderate temperatures involved in BTI. In contrast, the results suggest as a viable alternative BTI scenario the depassivation of Si-H bonds by extra H species that are released in the Si substrate and reach the interface under the influence of the applied bias. We discuss the theoretical and experimental evidence for H-dopant complexes in Si as the source of H and results on other atomic-scale processes that can influence BTI degradation. C1 [Tsetseris, Leonidas] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki 54121, Greece. [Zhou, Xing J.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zhou, Xing J.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki 54121, Greece. EM leonidas.tsetseris@vanderbilt.edu; xing.zhou@vanderbilt.edu; dan.fleetwood@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; pantelides@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 58 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2007.910438 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 247RU UT WOS:000252098200002 ER PT J AU Tobin, KW Chaum, E Govindasamy, VP Karnowski, TP AF Tobin, Kenneth W. Chaum, Edward Govindasamy, V. Priya Karnowski, Thomas P. TI Detection of anatomic structures in human retinal imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE bayesian classifier; diabetic retinopathy; feature analysis; macula localization; optic nerve detection; red-free fundus imagery; vascular segmentation ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; OPTIC DISC; VESSEL SEGMENTATION; PHOTOGRAPHS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB The widespread availability of electronic imaging devices throughout the medical community is leading to a growing body of research on image processing and analysis to diagnose retinal disease such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Productive computer-based screening of large, at-risk populations at low cost requires robust, automated image analysis. In this paper we present results for the automatic detection of the optic nerve and localization of the macula using digital red-free fundus photography. Our method relies on the accurate segmentation of the vasculature of the retina followed by the determination of spatial features describing the density, average thickness, and average orientation of the vasculature in relation to the position of the optic nerve. Localization of the macula follows using knowledge of the optic nerve location to detect the horizontal raphe of the retina using a geometric model of the vasculature. We report 90.4% detection performance for the optic nerve and 92.5% localization performance for the macula for red-free fundus images representing a population of 345 images corresponding to 269 patients with 18 different pathologies associated with DR and other common retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tobinkwjr@ornl.gov; echaum@utmem.edu; muthusamygov@ornl.gov; karnowskitp@ornl.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [R01-EY017065] NR 37 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1739 DI 10.1109/TMI.2007.902801 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 237LX UT WOS:000251376500010 PM 18092741 ER PT J AU Buslov, OY Golovkov, AA Keis, VN Kozyrev, AB Krasilnikov, SV Samoilova, TB Shimko, AY Ginley, DS Kaydanova, T AF Buslov, Oleg Y. Golovkov, Alexander A. Keis, Vladimir N. Kozyrev, Andrey B. Krasilnikov, Sergy V. Samoilova, Tatyana B. Shimko, Aleksey Y. Ginley, David S. Kaydanova, Tatiana TI Active integrated antenna based on planar dielectric resonator with tuning ferroelectric varactor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Annual Microwave-Theory-and-Techniques-Society International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTT-S DE active antenna; ferroelectric (FE) varactor; planar dielectric resonator (PDR); tunable oscillator; voltage-controlled oscillator (WO) AB Design of tunable Gunn diode-based active antenna module including a new type of planar dielectric resonator (PDR) tuned by a ferroelectric (FE) varactor is presented. The module is designed in such a way that the PDR acts both as a stabilizing resonator and as a radiator. Microwave properties of FE elements used for voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) tuning are considered. The module operates at a frequency around of 17 GHz and demonstrates the radiated power of 8.8 +/- 0.1 dBm over the 130-MHz tuning range and a phase-noise level of -80 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset. 65 degrees width of the radiation pattern in both the E- and H-planes corresponding to a gain of 5.1 dBi was measured. The VCO module has been tested in the regime of the frequency modulation. The output signal spectra measured and simulated for modulating bipolar voltage pulses of repetition frequency f = 2 MHz are presented. C1 [Buslov, Oleg Y.; Keis, Vladimir N.; Kozyrev, Andrey B.; Samoilova, Tatyana B.; Shimko, Aleksey Y.] St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, Dept Elect, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Golovkov, Alexander A.; Krasilnikov, Sergy V.] St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, Dept Radioelect, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Ginley, David S.; Kaydanova, Tatiana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Buslov, Oleg Y.] LETI, Lab Microwave Elect, Grenoble, France. RP Buslov, OY (reprint author), St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, Dept Elect, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM buslov.o.yu@gmail.com; mcl@eltech.ru; lesha-eiwt@yandex.ru NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2951 EP 2956 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.909151 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 242IQ UT WOS:000251719200034 ER PT J AU Schwank, J Paillet, P Felix, J Buchner, S Marshall, P Duzellier, S Brown, D AF Schwank, Jim Paillet, Philippe Felix, Jim Buchner, Steve Marshall, Paul Duzellier, Sophie Brown, Dennis TI 2007 special NSREC issue of the IEEE transactions on nuclear science - Comments by the editors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwank, Jim; Felix, Jim] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Paillet, Philippe] CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Buchner, Steve] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, QSS Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brown, Dennis] IEEE NPSS, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Schwank, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1874 EP 1874 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.912278 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300002 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Romero, MJ Burke, EA AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Summers, Geoffrey P. Romero, Manuel J. Burke, Edward A. TI Displacement damage evolution in GaAs following electron, proton and silicon ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE displacement damage; DLTS; EBIC; GaAs; heavy ion; irradiation; NIEL; photovoltaic; recoil spectrum; recombination center ID NIEL CALCULATIONS; HEAVY-IONS; ENERGY; RADIATION AB We characterize radiation induced defects in n-type GaAs following electron, proton, and silicon ion irradiations using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) measurements. EBIC micrographs show the existence of radiation induced recombination centers following high energy proton (E > 50 MeV) or 22 MeV silicon ion irradiations, which were not observed following I MeV electron or 2 MeV proton irradiations. The evolution of the U-band defect as determined by DLTS seems to occur when active recombination centers are observed in the EBIC images and therefore, appears to be produced by high energy recoils probably creating defect clusters. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Messenger, Scott R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Summers, Geoffrey P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA. [Romero, Manuel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@umbc.edu; Manuel_Romero@nrel.gov; edaburke@rcn.com NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1961 EP 1968 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910328 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300016 ER PT J AU Quinn, H Morgan, K Graham, P Krone, J Caffrey, M Lundgreen, K AF Quinn, Heather Morgan, Keith Graham, Paul Krone, Jim Caffrey, Michael Lundgreen, Kevin TI Domain crossing errors: Limitations on single device triple-modular redundancy circuits in Xilinx FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE fault tolerance; field programmable gate arrays; hardness measurement; proton radiation effects; radiation hardening; redundant systems ID SRAM-BASED FPGAS AB This paper discusses the limitations of single-FPGA triple-modular redundancy in the presence of multiple-bit upsets on Xilinx Virtex-II devices. This paper presents results from both fault injection and accelerated testing. From this study we have found that the configurable logic block's routing network is vulnerable to domain crossing errors, or TMR defeats, by even 2-bit multiple-bit upsets. C1 [Quinn, Heather; Morgan, Keith; Graham, Paul; Krone, Jim; Caffrey, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lundgreen, Kevin] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2037 EP 2043 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910870 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300027 ER PT J AU Sutton, AK Bellini, M Cressler, JD Pellish, JA Reed, RA Marshall, PW Niu, G Vizkelethy, G Turowski, M Raman, A AF Sutton, Akil K. Bellini, Marco Cressler, John D. Pellish, Jonathon A. Reed, Robert A. Marshall, Paul W. Niu, Guofu Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Turowski, Marek Raman, Ashok TI An evaluation of transistor-layout RHBD techniques for SEE, mitigation in SiGeHBTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE charge collection; deep trench (DT); ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC); NanoTCAD; radiation hardening by design (RHBD); silicon-germanium (SiGe); SiGeHBT; single event effects (SEE) ID INDUCED CHARGE COLLECTION; SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS; NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; SIMULATION; LOGIC; TECHNOLOGY; SUBSTRATE; CIRCUITS; DEVICES AB We investigate transistor-level layout-based techniques for SEE mitigation in advanced SiGe HBTs. The approach is based on the inclusion of an alternate reverse-biased pn junction (n-ring) designed to shunt electron charge away from the sub-collector to substrate junction. The inclusion of the n-ring affects neither the dc nor ac performance of the SiGe HBT and does not compromise its inherent multi-Mrad TID tolerance. The effects of ion strike location and angle of incidence, as well as n-ring placement, area, and bias on charge collection are investigated experimentally using a 36 MeV O-2 microbeam. The results indicate that charge shunting through the n-ring can result in up to a 90% reduction in collector collected charge for strikes outside the DT and a 18% reduction for strikes to the emitter center. 3-D transient strike simulations using NanoTCAD are used to verify the experimental observations, as well as shed insight into the underlying physical mechanisms. Circuit implications for this RHBD technique are discussed and recommendations made. C1 [Sutton, Akil K.; Bellini, Marco; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Pellish, Jonathon A.; Reed, Robert A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, GSFC, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. [Niu, Guofu] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Turowski, Marek; Raman, Ashok] CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Sutton, AK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM asutton@ece.gatech.edu RI Pellish, Jonathan/A-8591-2008 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2044 EP 2052 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.908697 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300028 ER PT J AU Morgan, KS McMurtrey, DL Pratt, BH Wirthlin, MJ AF Morgan, Keith S. McMurtrey, Daniel L. Pratt, Brian H. Wirthlin, Michael J. TI A comparison of TMR with alternative fault-tolerant design techniques for FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE dynamic testing; error propagation; FPGA; persistence; proton accelerator; quadded logic; radiation; SEU; simulator; state machine encoding; temporal redundancy; TMR AB With growing interest in the use of SRAM-based FPGAs in space and other radiation environments, there is a greater need for efficient and effective fault-tolerant design techniques specific to FPGAs. Triple-modular redundancy (TMR) is a common fault mitigation technique for FPGAs and has been successfully demonstrated by several organizations. This technique, however, requires significant hardware resources. This paper evaluates three additional mitigation techniques and compares them to TMR. These include quadded logic, state machine encoding, and temporal redundancy, all well-known techniques in custom circuit technologies. Each of these techniques are compared to TMR in both area cost and fault tolerance. The results from this paper suggest that none of these techniques provides greater reliability and often require more resources than TMR. C1 [Morgan, Keith S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McMurtrey, Daniel L.; Pratt, Brian H.; Wirthlin, Michael J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Morgan, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM morgank@lanl.gov; dmcmurt@sandia.gov; brianpratt@byu.edu; wirthlin@ee.byu.edu NR 22 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2065 EP 2072 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910871 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300031 ER PT J AU Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dalton, SM Dodd, PE Witcher, JB AF Felix, James A. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Schwank, James R. Dalton, Scott M. Dodd, Paul E. Witcher, J. Brandon TI Enhanced degradation in power MOSFET devices due to heavy ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE COTS; gamma ray; heavy ion; microdose; power MOSFETS; proton; radiation; total dose ID RADIATION SOURCES; LEAKAGE CURRENT; CHARGE YIELD; GAMMA-RAY; MICROELECTRONICS; ELECTRONICS; VDMOSFET; CO-60; HUMP; DCIV AB Large, unexpected shifts in the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of commercial power MOSFETs irradiated with heavy ions have been observed. The shifts can be more than sixty-five times larger than the shifts resulting from total dose irradiation with gamma rays or electrons, and are shown to strongly depend on both the irradiation bias and the ion linear energy transfer (LET). These large shifts are a significant concern for devices intended to operate in low power space applications because it is shown that they can lead to off-state leakage currents greater than I A. The data are consistent with the formation of parasitic transistors resulting from the microdose deposited in the gate oxides of these devices by the heavy ions. These results have significant implications for hardness assurance testing of MOS devices for use in space. C1 [Felix, James A.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Schwank, James R.; Dalton, Scott M.; Dodd, Paul E.; Witcher, J. Brandon] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Felix, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafelix@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2181 EP 2189 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910873 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300049 ER PT J AU Bielejec, E Vizkelethy, G Fleming, RM King, DB AF Bielejec, E. Vizkelethy, G. Fleming, R. M. King, D. B. TI Metrics for comparison between displacement damage due to ion beam and neutron irradiation in silicon BJTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE damage equivalence; heavy ion irradiation; neutron damage; silicon bipolar transistor AB We present a series of metrics for comparison between displacement damage due to heavy ion and neutron irradiation in silicon bipolar junction transistors. We have compared ion and fast neutron irradiations to determine an ion-to-neutron damage equivalence. We find that a combination of metrics (damage factor, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Annealing Factor) are needed to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the physics involved in the ion-to-neutron conversion. The linearity of the damage factor (primarily probing the base-emitter junction) is not enough to ensure a valid comparison; rather, we must also use additional techniques (DLTS and capacitance measurements) to ensure that collector compensation is not occurring. As a result, care must be taken in choosing the irradiation beam for ion exposures. The displacement damage should peak in the sensitive region of the device to both ensure maximum gain degradation and to minimize collector compensation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bielejec, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM esbiele@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov; rmflemi@sandia.gov; dbking@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2282 EP 2287 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909513 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300064 ER PT J AU Griffin, PJ Vehar, DW Cooper, PJ King, DB AF Griffin, Patrick J. Vehar, David W. Cooper, Phillip J. King, Donald B. TI Considerations on the relationship between dosimetry metrics and experimental conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE bipolar transistors; dose; dosimetry; dpa; neutron detectors; silicon radiation detectors; uncertainty; 1-MeV(Si) damage ID DAMAGE; ENVIRONMENTS; SILICON AB Analysts, experimenters, and facilities have fallen into some poor practices in reporting many dosimetry metrics. While the experienced dosimetrist often knows the caveats that apply for a given dosimetry application, without proper reporting critical information is often lost before the data is received by the dosimetrist. In addition, the newcomers to the application of dosimetry are not being educated in the importance of a variation in the irradiation conditions. This paper captures some of the cases where care must be taken in expressing the proper context for a dosimetry metric. Examples focus on the interpretation of the response of a diamond photoconducting detector and a silicon transistor and highlight some common mistakes and some not-so-clear misinterpretations that even the experienced person often makes in this field. A careful study of the underlying physics reveals the non-intuitive trends in some metrics. Suggestions are made on how the community can minimize the chance of a dosimetry-related misinterpretation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjgriff@sandia.gov; dwvehar@sandia.gov; pjcoope@sandia.gov; dbking@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2288 EP 2295 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910293 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300065 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Griffin, PJ King, DB Vehar, DW Schnauber, T Luker, SM De Priest, KR AF Williams, John G. Griffin, Patrick J. King, Donald B. Vehar, David W. Schnauber, Tim Luker, S. Michael De Priest, K. Russell TI Simultaneous evaluation of neutron spectra and 1-MeV-equivalent (Si) fluences at SPR-III and ACRR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE dosimetry; fission reactor measurements; least squares methods; neutron radiation effects; neutron spectroscopy; semiconductor device radiation effects AB Simultaneous least-squares adjustment of calculated neutron spectra in the central cavity of SPR-III and in the Pb-B-4 C bucket at ACRR is described, and the resulting 1-MeV-equivalent fluences are compared with damage measurements in 2N2222A transistors. C1 [Williams, John G.; Schnauber, Tim] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Griffin, Patrick J.; King, Donald B.; Vehar, David W.; Luker, S. Michael; De Priest, K. Russell] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jgw@engr.arizona.edu; pjgriff@sandia.gov; dbking@sandia.gov; dwvehar@sandia.gov; schnauber@alumni.engr.arizona.edu; smluker@sandia.gov; pkrdepri@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2296 EP 2302 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909748 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300066 ER PT J AU Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Baggio, J Reed, RA Warren, KM Weller, RA Schrimpf, RD Hash, GL Dalton, SM Hirose, K Saito, H AF Dodd, P. E. Schwank, J. R. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. Paillet, P. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Baggio, J. Reed, R. A. Warren, K. M. Weller, R. A. Schrimpf, R. D. Hash, G. L. Dalton, S. M. Hirose, K. Saito, H. TI Impact of heavy ion energy and nuclear interactions on single-event upset and latchup in integrated circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE indirect ionization; integrated circuit reliability; nuclear reactions; radiation effects; radiation hardness assurance; single-event effects; single-event latchup; single-event upset; soft errors ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; CMOS SRAM; SOISRAMS AB The effects of heavy ion energy and nuclear interactions on the single-event upset (SEU) and single-event latchup (SEL) response of commercial and radiation-hardened CMOS ICs are explored. Above the threshold LET for direct ionization-induced upsets, little difference is observed in single-event upset and latchup cross sections measured using low versus high energy heavy ions. However, significant differences between low- and high-energy heavy ion test results are observed below the threshold LET for single-node direct ionization-induced upsets. The data suggest that secondary particles produced by nuclear interactions play a role in determining the SEU and SEL hardness of integrated circuits, especially at low LET. The role of nuclear interactions and implications for radiation hardness assurance and rate prediction are discussed. C1 [Dodd, P. E.; Schwank, J. R.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.; Hash, G. L.; Dalton, S. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Paillet, P.; Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Baggio, J.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Reed, R. A.; Warren, K. M.; Weller, R. A.; Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37064 USA. [Hirose, K.; Saito, H.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pedodd@sandia.gov RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2303 EP 2311 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909844 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300067 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Weller, RA Mendenhall, MH Lauenstein, JM Warren, KM Pellish, JA Schrimpf, RD Sierawski, BD Massengill, LW Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Schwank, JR Haddad, NF Lawrence, RK Bowman, JH Conde, R AF Reed, R. A. Weller, R. A. Mendenhall, M. H. Lauenstein, J. -M. Warren, K. M. Pellish, J. A. Schrimpf, R. D. Sierawski, B. D. Massengill, L. W. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. Schwank, J. R. Haddad, N. F. Lawrence, R. K. Bowman, J. H. Conde, R. TI Impact of ion energy and species on single event effects analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE nuclear reactions; single event effects (SEE); single event effect rate ID SCREENED COULOMB SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SEU HARDENED SRAM; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; UPSET; TECHNOLOGY; GEANT4; MODEL; RATES; TCAD AB Experimental evidence and Monte-Carlo simulations for several technologies show that accurate SEE response predictions depend on a detailed description of the variability of radiation events (e.g., nuclear reactions), as opposed to the classical single-valued LET parameter. Rate predictions conducted with this Simulation framework exhibit excellent agreement with the average observed SEU rate on NASA's MESSENGER mission to Mercury, while a prediction from the traditional IRPP method, which does not include the contribution from ion-ion reactions, falls well below the observed rate. While rate predictions depend on availability of technology information, the approach described here is sufficiently flexible that reasonably accurate results describing the response to irradiation can be obtained even in the absence of detailed information about the device geometry and fabrication process. C1 [Reed, R. A.; Weller, R. A.; Pellish, J. A.; Schrimpf, R. D.; Massengill, L. W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Mendenhall, M. H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Lauenstein, J. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Warren, K. M.; Sierawski, B. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.; Schwank, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Haddad, N. F.; Lawrence, R. K.; Bowman, J. H.] BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Conde, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu RI Pellish, Jonathan/A-8591-2008; Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 27 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2312 EP 2321 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909901 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300068 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P McMorrow, D Fel, N Baggio, J Girard, S Duhamel, O Melinger, JS Gaillardin, M Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Paillet, P. McMorrow, D. Fel, N. Baggio, J. Girard, S. Duhamel, O. Melinger, J. S. Gaillardin, M. Schwank, J. R. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. TI New insights into single event transient propagation in chains of inverters - Evidence for propagation-induced pulse broadening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE chains of inverters; digital single event transients; heavy ion and pulsed laser irradiation; propagation-induced pulse broadening (PIPB) effect; SET propagation; SET width ID HEAVY-ION; LASER; SOI; IRRADIATION; DEVICES; WIDTHS AB The generation and propagation of single event transients (SET) is measured and modeled in SOI inverter chains with different designs.. SET propagation in inverter chains induces significant modifications of the transient width. In some cases, a "propagation-induced pulse broadening" (PIPB) effect is observed. Initially narrow transients, less than 200 ps at the struck node, are progressively broadened up to the nanosecond range, with the degree of broadening dependent on the transistor design and the length of propagation. The chain design (transistor size and load) is shown to have a major impact on the transient width modification. C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Paillet, P.; Fel, N.; Baggio, J.; Girard, S.; Duhamel, O.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gaillardin, M.] IMEP ENESERG, F-38016 Grenoble, France. [Schwank, J. R.; Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM veronique.ferlet@cea.fr RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2338 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910202 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300071 ER PT J AU Girard, S Tortech, B Regnier, E Van Uffelen, M Gusarov, A Ouerdane, Y Baggio, J Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Boukenter, A Meunier, JP Berghmans, F Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Blackmore, EW Thienpont, H AF Girard, S. Tortech, B. Regnier, E. Van Uffelen, M. Gusarov, A. Ouerdane, Y. Baggio, J. Paillet, P. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Boukenter, A. Meunier, J. -P. Berghmans, F. Schwank, J. R. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. Blackmore, E. W. Thienpont, H. TI Proton- and gamma-induced effects on erbium-doped optical fibers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE color centers; erbium; gamma; optical fibers; protons; radiation effects ID RADIATION-INDUCED LOSS; COLOR-CENTERS; SILICA FIBERS; DEFECTS; GLASS; AMPLIFIERS; RAY; ABSORPTION AB We characterized the responses of three erbium-doped fibers with slightly different concentrations of rare-earth ions (240-290 ppm) and Al2O3 (7-10 wt.%) during proton and gamma-ray exposures. We have simultaneously measured the radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) around the Er3+ ion pumping wavelength (980 nm) and the associated changes of the Er3+ emission around 1530 nm. The three erbium-doped, fibers show similar radiation responses. All fibers exhibit RIA levels between 9 x 10(-3) and 1.7 x 10(-2) dB m(-1) Gy(-1) at 980 nm and between 4 x 10(-3) and 1.1 x 10(-2) dB m(-1) Gy(-1) at 1530 nm. Protons and gamma-rays lead to similar radiation damages, with small differences between the protons of different energies (50 MeV and 105 MeV). Furthermore, we have performed online measurements of the spectral dependence of RIA from 600 to 1600 nm and offline measurements from 1200 to 2400 nm. The three fibers exhibit the same spectral response. Losses decrease monotonically from the visible to the infrared part of the spectrum. We have performed spectral decomposition of these RIA curves with the help of absorption bands previously associated with radiation-induced point defects. Our analysis shows that the main part of the RIA (600-1700 nm) in erbium-doped glass can be explained by the generation of Al-related point defects. The other defects related to the germanium and phosphorus doping of the silica seem to have a lower contribution to the induced losses. The Er3+ ion properties seem to be mainly unaffected by proton exposure, suggesting a solvation shell around the Er3+ ion formed by Al2O3 species. C1 [Girard, S.; Baggio, J.; Paillet, P.; Ferlet-Cavrois, V.] CEA, DIF, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. [Tortech, B.; Ouerdane, Y.; Boukenter, A.; Meunier, J. -P.] CNRS, UMR 5516, Lab Hubert Curien, F-42000 St Etienne, France. [Regnier, E.] Draka Comteq France, F-91640 Marcoussis, France. [Van Uffelen, M.; Gusarov, A.] CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Berghmans, F.; Thienpont, H.] Vrije Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Schwank, J. R.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Blackmore, E. W.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Girard, S (reprint author), CEA, DIF, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. EM sylvain.girard@cea.fr; blandine.tortech@univ-st-etienne.fr; elise.regnier@drakacomteq.fr; mvuffele@sckcen.be; andrei.gusarov@sckcen.be; ouerdane@univ-st-etienne.fr; jacques.baggio@cea.fr; philippe.paillet@cea.fr; veronique.ferlet-cavrois@cea.fr; boukente@univ-st-etienne.fr; meunier@univ-st-etienne.fr; fbergma@sckcen.be; schwanjr@sandia.gov; shaneymr@sandia.gov; jafelix@sandia.gov; hthienpo@vub.ac.be RI Berghmans, Francis/B-4139-2009; GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 OI Berghmans, Francis/0000-0003-0822-233X; NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2426 EP 2434 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910859 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300083 ER PT J AU Miller, EK Macrum, GS McKenna, IJ Herrmann, HW Mack, JM Young, CS Sedillo, TJ Evans, SC Horsfield, CJ AF Miller, Edward Kirk Macrum, Gregory S. McKenna, Ian J. Herrmann, Hans W. Mack, Joseph M. Young, Carlton S. Sedillo, Thomas J. Evans, Scott C. Horsfield, Colin J. TI Accuracy of analog fiber-optic links for inertial confinement fusion diagnostics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE high-bandwidth recording; inertial-confinement fusion; Mach-Zehnder ID RADIATION-INDUCED ATTENUATION; OPTICAL-FIBERS; EXPOSURES AB Interferometric fiber-optic links used in pulsed-power experiments are evaluated for accuracy in the presence of radiation fields which alter fiber transmission. Amplitude-modulated format (e.g., Mach-Zehnder) and phase-modulated formats are compared. C1 [Miller, Edward Kirk; Macrum, Gregory S.; McKenna, Ian J.] Special Technol Lab, LLC, Natl Secur Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Herrmann, Hans W.; Mack, Joseph M.; Young, Carlton S.; Sedillo, Thomas J.; Evans, Scott C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Horsfield, Colin J.] Atom Weapons Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Special Technol Lab, LLC, Natl Secur Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. EM millerek@nv.doe.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2457 EP 2462 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.908653 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300087 ER PT J AU Simon, F Azmoun, B Becker, U Burns, L Crary, D Kearney, K Keeler, G Majka, R Paton, K Saini, G Smirnov, N Surrow, B Woody, C AF Simon, F. Azmoun, B. Becker, U. Burns, L. Crary, D. Kearney, K. Keeler, G. Majka, R. Paton, K. Saini, G. Smirnov, N. Surrow, B. Woody, C. TI Development of tracking detectors with industrially produced GEM foils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas electron multiplier (GEM); GEM foil production; micro-pattern gas detectors ID GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER; AMPLIFICATION AB The planned tracking upgrade of the STAR experiment at RHIC includes a large-area GEM tracker used to determine the charge sign of electrons and positrons produced from W+(-) decays. For such a large-scale project commercial availability of GEM foils is necessary. We report first results obtained with a triple GEM detector using GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch Inc. of Plymouth, MA. Measurements of gain uniformity, long-term stability as well as measurements of the energy resolution for X-Rays are compared to results obtained with an identical detector using GEM foils produced at CERN. A quality assurance procedure based on optical tests using an automated high-resolution scanner has been, established, allowing a study of the correlation of the observed behavior of the detector and the geometrical properties of the GEM foils. Detectors based on Tech-Etch and CERN produced foils both show good uniformity of the gain over the active area and stable gain after an initial charge-up period, making them well suited for precision tracking applications. C1 [Simon, F.; Becker, U.; Burns, L.; Surrow, B.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Azmoun, B.; Woody, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crary, D.; Kearney, K.; Keeler, G.; Saini, G.] Tech Etch, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. [Majka, R.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Paton, K.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Simon, F (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM fsimon@mit.edu NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2646 EP 2652 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909912 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RX UT WOS:000251744500008 ER PT J AU Mercier, TM Runkle, RC Stephens, DL Hyronimus, BJ Morris, SJ Seifert, A Wyatt, CR AF Mercier, Theresa M. Runkle, Robert C. Stephens, Daniel L. Hyronimus, Brian J. Morris, Scott J. Seifert, Allen Wyatt, Cory R. TI Algorithm implementation for a prototype time-encoded signature detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE detection statistic; gamma ray detection; handheld detector; matched filter; point source detection; standoff distance ID POINT-SOURCE DETECTION AB The authors constructed a prototype Time-Encoded Signature (TES) system, complete with automated detection algorithms that can be used to detect point-like gamma-ray sources in search applications where detectors observe large variability in background count rates beyond statistical (Poisson) noise. The person-carried system consists of two cesium iodide scintillators placed on opposite sides of a lead shield. This geometry mitigates systematic background variation and induces a unique signature upon encountering point-like sources. This manuscript focuses on the development of detection algorithms that identify point-source signatures while remaining computationally simple. The latter constraint derives from the instrument's mobile (and thus low power) operation. The authors evaluated algorithms using both simulated and field data. The results of this analysis demonstrate the capability to detect sources at a wide range of source-detector distances using computationally simple algorithms. C1 [Mercier, Theresa M.; Runkle, Robert C.; Stephens, Daniel L.; Hyronimus, Brian J.; Morris, Scott J.; Seifert, Allen; Wyatt, Cory R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mercier, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2653 EP 2659 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910424 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RX UT WOS:000251744500009 ER PT J AU Matveev, IB Rosocha, LA AF Matveev, Igor B. Rosocha, Louis A. TI Special issue on plasma-assisted combustion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Matveev, Igor B.] Appl Plasma Technol, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Rosocha, Louis A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matveev, IB (reprint author), Appl Plasma Technol, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1606 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.911085 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 242IX UT WOS:000251719900001 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Gonzalez, R Kim, Y Rosocha, LA Abbate, S AF Sanchez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Kim, Yongho Rosocha, Louis A. Abbate, Sara TI Methane and ethane decomposition in an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop and Exhibition on Plasma-Assisted Combustion CY SEP, 2007 CL Falls Church, VA DE atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ); electron-impact process; plasma-assisted combustion; recombination model ID DISCHARGE AB This paper reports on studies obtained from RF-driven atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet excitation of methane and ethane. Differentiation with other works is achieved in that others have considered hydrocarbon decomposition at either low pressure or high temperature. In our experiments, we can clarify the effect of pure-plasma treatment of hydrocarbons, as opposed to the thermal effect of gas heating that results in pyrolysis. Gas-chromatography analysis was used to detect and quantify the main decomposition products. Kinetic modeling of the pertinent chemistry was performed by dividing the reactive system in two main parts: a plasma region where the electron impact processes leading to decomposition are considered and a postplasma region where recombination of nonstable species occurs. A reasonable qualitative agreement between the experimentally measured by-product concentrations and the calculations was achieved. It is observed that our proposed recombination mechanism correctly predicts ethane and ethylene formation from a CH4 discharge and methane, ethylene, propane, and acetylene formation from the C2H6 discharge. By means of calculations, the main role of radicals in the pertinent hydrocarbon chemistry under nonthermal plasma conditions is confirmed. C1 [Sanchez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo; Kim, Yongho; Rosocha, Louis A.; Abbate, Sara] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanchez-Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rosocha@lanl.gov RI Sanchez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/O-5216-2014 OI Sanchez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4477-3799 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1669 EP 1676 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.910743 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 242IX UT WOS:000251719900011 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Abbate, S Ziock, H Anderson, GK Rosocha, LA AF Kim, Yongho Abbate, Sara Ziock, Hans Anderson, Graydon K. Rosocha, Louis A. TI Hydrogasification of carbon in an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop and Exhibition on Plasma-Assisted Combustion CY SEP, 2007 CL Falls Church, VA DE hydrogasification of carbon; microwave plasma ID GRAPHITE AB Hydrogasification of carbon (C + 2H(2) -> CH4) was studied using a microwave plasma in atmospheric pressure Ar/H-2 mixtures. When the activated Ar/H-2 gas stream interacted with cold carbon particles downstream of the microwave cavity, CH4 (methane) was the only stable gasification product, as measured by gas chromatography. However, when carbon particles were injected into the plasma within the microwave cavity, both C2H2 (acetylene) and C2H4 (ethylene) were measured in addition to CH4. To identify a gasification mechanism by the microwave plasma, UV emission and minimum operational power required to maintain plasma were measured. From the experimental results, the initial reaction step leading to CH4 is thought to be a chemisorption-desorption reaction of hydrogen radical onto a carbon particle. For the C2H2 and C2H4 generation, hydrogen ion reaction with a carbon particle is suggested. C1 [Kim, Yongho; Abbate, Sara; Ziock, Hans; Anderson, Graydon K.; Rosocha, Louis A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yhkim@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1677 EP 1681 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.910139 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 242IX UT WOS:000251719900012 ER PT J AU Perkins, MP Vernon, RJ AF Perkins, Michael P. Vernon, Ronald J. TI Mirror design for use in gyrotron quasi-optical mode converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyrotrons; millimeter wave antennas; multireflector antennas; phase estimation; phase shifters ID PHASE-CORRECTION MIRRORS; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; FAR-FIELD; IRRADIANCE MOMENTS; 110-GHZ GYROTRON; CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVE-GUIDES; HE11 MODE; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB An iterative planar- and cylindrical-based mirror design procedure is discussed for use in a gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter. The planar-based mirrors were designed using the iterative Katsenelenbaum-Semenov phase corrector procedure with an input beam obtained from a planar phase reconstruction. Many improvements were made to the design procedure including the use of an advanced phase unwrapping technique. The more robust design procedure resulted in smooth mirror surfaces. It was found that the fraction of power coupled between the target beam and the output of the planar-based mirrors measured in a cold test setup was 0.982. A similar design process was used for a cylindrical-based mirror pair. This design was performed using a simulated output of the launcher. It was found that the fraction of power coupled between the target beam and the theoretical output of the system was 0.990. The fraction of power coupled between the target beam and the phase-reconstructed beam at the output of the second mirror was 0.961. By using a cylindrical phase reconstruction, it was found that the reason for the slightly degraded performance of the cylindrical-based mirrors tested in the low power test setup was due to inaccuracies in modeling the field radiated from the launcher. These inaccuracies are presumed to come from impurities in the mode generator. The techniques discussed in this article can be used to improve the efficiency of quasi-optical mode converters and thus improve the operation of gyrotrons. C1 [Perkins, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Vernon, Ronald J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vernon, Ronald J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Perkins, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM perkins22@llnl.gov; vernon@engr.wisc.edu NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1757 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.910158 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 242IZ UT WOS:000251720100011 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Barnat, E Aragon, B Corley, J Hodge, K Blickem, J Anaya, V Guthrie, D Bliss, D Lehr, J Maenchen, JE Wakeland, P Drennan, S Johnson, DL AF Woodworth, Joseph R. Barnat, Edward Aragon, Ben Corley, John Hodge, Keith Blickem, James Anaya, Victor Guthrie, Douglas Bliss, David Lehr, Jane Maenchen, John E. Wakeland, Peter Drennan, Scott Johnson, David L. TI Time history and spectra of the light emitted by multimegavolt water switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE optical diagnostics; pulsed power; spectroscopy; water switches ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPARK AB We study the physics of water switching at 4 to 5 MV as part of Sandia's Z-Refurbishment program. We present time histories of the light emitted by two sets of water switches and correlate the light emission to the accelerator power pulse. Framing camera images demonstrate how the initial "bushy" streamers collapse to narrow current channels at late time. Spectroscopy of the water switches indicates that the early-time streamers are already hot-dense blackbodies with temperatures between 7000 K and 9000 K. Late time hydrogen emission lines allow estimates of electron densities at that time ranging from 0.2 to 2 x 10(18)/cm(3). C1 [Woodworth, Joseph R.; Barnat, Edward; Aragon, Ben; Bliss, David; Lehr, Jane; Maenchen, John E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Corley, John; Hodge, Keith; Blickem, James; Anaya, Victor; Guthrie, Douglas; Wakeland, Peter; Drennan, Scott] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Johnson, David L.] L 3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrwoodw@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1797 EP 1804 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.910161 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 242IZ UT WOS:000251720100018 ER PT J AU Tsurumi, T Bell, AJ Clern, PG Gruverman, A Kholkin, A Lan'g, SB Rhee, S Trolier-McKinstrv, S Uchiyama, K AF Tsurumi, Takaaki Bell, Andrew J. Clern, Paul G. Gruverman, Alexei Kholkin, Andrei Lan'g, Sidney B. Rhee, Sorah Trolier-McKinstrv, Susan Uchiyama, Kiyoshi TI Introduction to the special issue on the applications of ferroelectrics - Part I SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tsurumi, Takaaki] Tokyo Univ Technol, Dept Met & Ceram Sci, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. [Bell, Andrew J.] Univ Leeds, Mat Res Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Clern, Paul G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gruverman, Alexei] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lan'g, Sidney B.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Rhee, Sorah] Volcano Corp, Rancho Cordova, CA USA. [Trolier-McKinstrv, Susan] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Uchiyama, Kiyoshi] Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Nara, Japan. RP Tsurumi, T (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Technol, Dept Met & Ceram Sci, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. RI Kholkin, Andrei/G-5834-2010; Lang, Sidney/F-1308-2012; Bell, Andrew/A-1731-2008; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014; OI Kholkin, Andrei/0000-0003-3432-7610; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281; Bell, Andrew/0000-0002-2061-3862 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2418 EP 2421 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.554 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 249VC UT WOS:000252257100001 ER PT J AU Lang, SB Ringgaard, E Muensit, S Wu, XQ Lashley, JC Wong, YW AF Lang, Sidney B. Ringgaard, Erling Muensit, Supasarote Wu, Xiaoqing Lashley, Jason C. Wong, Yuen-Wah TI Thermal diffusivity by Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM-TD): A novel technique for the determination of thermal diffusivities and conductivities and its application to porous PZT and silica samples SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE ID INSULATING LAYER AB A modification of a technique for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of thin solid materials is presented. The technique is called Thermal Diffusivity by Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM-TD). It is based on the measurement of the phase retardation of a thermal wave passing through the test material by means of a lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic (PZT) pyroelectric detector. It is not necessary to know either the pyroelectric coefficient of the detector or the intensity of the laser beam. The method was tested on quartz samples to verify its accuracy. It was then applied to the study of several sets of ceramic samples with porosities of 20, 25, and 30%. One sample set was poled and the pores were partially filled with the fluid used during poling. A second set was not poled. The poled porous samples had thermal conductivities intermediate between that of a commercial dense sample and those of unpoled materials. Thermal diffusivities and conductivities were also measured on micron-thickness porous silica samples. The experimental results were compared with calculations using several composite mixing theories. C1 [Lang, Sidney B.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Ringgaard, Erling] Ferroperm Piezoceram AS, DK-3490 Kvistgard, Denmark. [Muensit, Supasarote] Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Phys, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand. [Wu, Xiaoqing] Xian Jiaotong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Lashley, Jason C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wong, Yuen-Wah] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Lang, SB (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM lang@bgu.ac.il RI Lang, Sidney/F-1308-2012; OI Ringgaard, Erling/0000-0002-0418-9053 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2608 EP 2616 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.587 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 249VC UT WOS:000252257100034 PM 18276565 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Day, GA Harvey, CJ Leonard, SS Schwegler-Berry, DE Chipera, SJ Sahakian, NM Chisholm, WP AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Day, Gregory A. Harvey, Christopher J. Leonard, Stephen S. Schwegler-Berry, Diane E. Chipera, Steve J. Sahakian, Nancy M. Chisholm, William P. TI Characteristics of dusts encountered during the production of cemented tungsten carbides SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hard metals; asthma; tungsten carbide; cobalt; aerosol particle physicochemical properties ID METAL LUNG-DISEASE; HARD-METAL; COBALT; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; ASTHMA; PARTICLES; INDUSTRY AB Inhalation of cobalt (Co) and tungsten carbide (WC) particles, but not Co or WC alone, may cause hard metal disease, risk of which does not appear to be uniform across cemented tungsten carbide (CTC) production processes. Inhalation of Co alone or in the presence of WC may cause asthma. Hypothesizing that aerosol size, chemical content, heterogeneity, and constituent compaction may be important exposure factors, we characterized aerosols from representative CTC manufacturing processes. Six work areas were sampled to characterize aerosol size distributions (dust, Co) and 12 work areas were sampled to characterize physicochemical properties (using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry [SEM-EDX]). Bulk feedstock and process-generated powders were characterized with SEM-EDX and x-ray diffraction. The dust mass median diameter was respirable and the cobalt respirable mass fraction was highest (37%) in grinding. Morphology of particles changed with processing: individual, agglomerate, or aggregates (pre-sintered materials), then mostly compacted particles (subsequent to sintering). Elemental composition of particles became increasingly heterogeneous: mostly discrete Co or W particles (prior to spray drying), then heterogeneous W/Co particles (subsequent work areas). Variability in aerosol respirability and chemical heterogeneity could translate into differences in toxicity and support detailed characterization of physicochemical properties during exposure assessments. C1 [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Day, Gregory A.; Harvey, Christopher J.; Sahakian, Nancy M.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Leonard, Stephen S.; Schwegler-Berry, Diane E.; Chisholm, William P.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Chipera, Steve J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 793 EP 803 DI 10.2486/indhealth.45.793 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 245YP UT WOS:000251975000011 PM 18212475 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C Fan, XT AF Geveke, David J. Brunkhorst, Christopher Fan, Xuetong TI Radio frequency electric fields processing of orange juice SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Innovative Foods Centre Conference CY SEP 14-15, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE radio frequency electric fields; orange juice; non-thermal pasteurization; quality; E. coli; processing costs ID INACTIVATION; KINETICS AB The non-thermal process of radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) has been shown to inactivate bacteria in apple juice at moderately low temperatures, but has yet to be extended to inactivate bacteria in orange juice. An 80 kW RFEF pasteurizer was used to process pulp-free orange juice at flow rates of 1.0 and 1.41/min. Escherichia coli K 12 in orange juice was exposed to electric field strengths of 15 and 20 kV/cm at frequencies of 21, 30, and 40 kHz. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) content and color of the juice before and after treatment were analyzed. Electrical energy costs were calculated using the measured voltage and current. An energy balance was performed using the inlet and outlet temperatures. Processing at an outlet temperature of 65 degrees C reduced the population of E. coli by 3.3 log relative to the control. Increasing the treatment time and temperature and decreasing the frequency enhanced the level of inactivation. Varying the electric field strength over the range of conditions used had no effect on the inactivation. No loss in ascorbic acid or enzymatic browning was observed due to RFEF processing. The electrical energy determined using the voltage and current was 180 J/ml. This was in good agreement with the energy calculated using the temperature data. The electrical cost was $0.0026/1 of orange juice. The results provided the first evidence that the RFEF process inactivates bacteria in orange juice at moderately low temperatures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geveke, David J.; Fan, Xuetong] USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brunkhorst, Christopher] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.04.012 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 244ER UT WOS:000251849600013 ER PT J AU Shin, Y Fryxell, GE Engelhard, MH Exarhos, GJ AF Shin, Yongsoon Fryxell, Glen E. Engelhard, Mark H. Exarhos, Gregory J. TI Functional mesoporous carbon built from the 1,10-phenanthroline building block: A new class of catalyst support SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous carbon; synthesis; 1,10-phenanthroline; heteroaromatic; catalyst support; sorbent; chelation ID SILICA AB A simple synthesis of a high surface area catalyst support composed of a nanoporous carbon architecture built from a 1,10-phenanthroline precursor is described. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, Yongsoon; Fryxell, Glen E.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Exarhos, Gregory J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.09.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 245ZO UT WOS:000251977500038 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G AF Nagasubramanian, Ganesan TI Fabrication and testing capabilities for 18650 Li/(CF(x))(n) cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE (CF(x))(n) = Carbon Monofluoride; capacity; self-discharge; PVDF; electrical testing; primary battery AB Sandia National Laboratories has world- class facilities for building and testing lithium and lithium- ion batteries. In this article we describe the in- house facilities for fabricating electrodes and cells in detail. Our in- house facility includes equipment for: 1) electrode coating, 2) electrode slitting, 3) electrode winding, 4) cell grooving, 5) electrolyte filling, 6) cell crimping and more. We also have a 48- channel Maccor tester and several impedance units for electrochemical characterization. These facilities provide flexibility for cell fabrication techniques which in turn allows us to continually improve cell performance. Under an internally funded program we are developing in- house capability to fabricate and evaluate 18650 Li/(CF(x))(n) cells using "Li-ion" electrode fabrication methodologies to prepare the thin film (CFx) n electrodes. At a C/400 discharge rate cell delivered similar to 3.6 Ahrs capacity. We also evaluated cathodes of two different lengths for uniformity of loading. The loading along the electrode length was found to be extremely uniform, as the delivered capacity was proportional to cathode length. For example, a 0.91 meters long x 4.2 mil thick electrode gave 3.6 Ahrs capacity while a 0.72 meters long x 4.2 mil thick electrode (19.4% less length) gave 2.9 Ahr of capacity (19.4% less capacity). We also discharged the cells with 0.71 meters long electrodes at different temperatures. The cells delivered practically the same capacity over temperatures from 25 to 72 degrees C. At -20 degrees C the cells delivered 81% of the room temperature capacity at a C/200 rate; however, at -40 degrees C the cells delivered close to 47% of the room temperature capacity under similar test conditions. The performance behavior of 18650 cells will be discussed in more detail in the paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, R & D Dept, Adv Power Sources 2546, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, R & D Dept, Adv Power Sources 2546, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnagasu@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE GROUP PI BELGRADE PA A SPOMENICE 7/12 , 19210 BOR, BELGRADE, VJ 12, SERBIA SN 1452-3981 J9 INT J ELECTROCHEM SC JI Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 12 BP 913 EP 922 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 308IM UT WOS:000256382200002 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Lee, GY Moon-Lee, SY Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, P. A. Lee, G. Y. Moon-Lee, S. -Y. Bissell, M. J. TI 3D extracellular matrix culture models of EGFR signalling and drug response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint British-Society-for-Matrix-Biology/Biochemical Society Focused Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2007 CL Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sheffield, ENGLAND SP British Soc Matrix Biol, Biochem Soc HO Sheffield Hallam Univ C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-9673 J9 INT J EXP PATHOL JI Int. J. Exp. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 MA S005 BP A81 EP A82 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 234VB UT WOS:000251191000007 ER PT J AU Hernon, D Walsh, EJ McEligot, DM AF Hernon, D. Walsh, E. J. McEligot, D. M. TI Instantaneous fluctuation velocity and skewness distributions upstream of transition onset SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer CY 2006 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE transition; streaky structures; pre-transitional flow; boundary layer instability ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BYPASS TRANSITION; DISTURBANCES AB The development of streamwise orientated disturbances through the boundary layer thickness prior to transition onset for zero-pressure gradient boundary layer flow under the influence %Tu = 4.2 is presented. The analysis concentrates on the development of the maximum positive and negative of the fluctuation velocity in order to gain further insight into the transition process. The average location of the peak negative fluctuation velocity over a range of Reynolds numbers was measured in the upper portion of the boundary layer at y/delta approximate to 0.6, whereas the location of the peak positive value was measured at y/delta approximate to 0.3. The disturbance magnitude of the negative fluctuation velocity increased beyond that of the positive as transition onset approached. The distribution and disturbance magnitude of the maximum positive and negative fluctuation velocities indicate that the initiation of transition may occur on the low-speed components of the flow that are lifted up to the upper region of the boundary layer. This is in qualitative agreement with recent direct numerical simulations on the breakdown of the flow on the lifted low-speed streaks near the boundary layer edge. The results presented in this investigation also demonstrate the increased physical insight gained by examining the distributions of the maximum positive and negative of the streamwise fluctuation velocity component associated with the low- and high-speed streaks, compared to time-averaged values, in determining what structures cause the breakdown to turbulence. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hernon, D.; Walsh, E. J.] Univ Limerick, Stokes Res Inst, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. [McEligot, D. M.] INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [McEligot, D. M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McEligot, D. M.] Univ Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Hernon, D (reprint author), Bell Labs Ireland, Blanchardstown Ind Estate, Dublin 15, Ireland. EM hernon@alcatel-lucent.com RI Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1272 EP 1279 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfiuidflow.2007-05.004 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 247SD UT WOS:000252099400008 ER PT J AU Buttari, A Dongarra, J Langou, J Langou, J Luszczek, P Kurzak, J AF Buttari, Alfredo Dongarra, Jack Langou, Julie Langou, Julien Luszczek, Piotr Kurzak, Jakub TI Mixed precision iterative refinement techniques for the solution of dense linear systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mixed-precision; iterative; refinement; LU; Cholesky factorization AB By using a combination of 32-bit and 64-bit floating point arithmetic, the performance of many dense and sparse linear algebra algorithms can be significantly enhanced while maintaining the 64-bit accuracy of the resulting solution. The approach presented here can apply not only to conventional processors but also to exotic technologies such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), Graphical Processing Units (GPU), and the Cell BE processor. Results on modern processor architectures and the Cell BE are presented. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM DONGARRA@EECS.UTK.EDU RI Langou, Julien/G-5788-2013; Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1177/1094342007084026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228GS UT WOS:000250718500007 ER PT J AU Simpson, AP Lutz, AE AF Simpson, Adam P. Lutz, Andrew E. TI Exergy analysis of hydrogen production via steam methane reforming SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE exergy analysis; hydrogen production; steam methane reforming ID COMBUSTION AB The performance of hydrogen production via steam methane reforming (SMR) is evaluated using exergy analysis, with emphasis on exergy flows, destruction, waste, and efficiencies. A steam methane reformer model was developed using a chemical equilibrium model with detailed heat integration. A base-case system was evaluated using operating parameters from published literature. Reformer operating parameters were varied to illustrate their influence on system performance. The calculated thermal and exergy efficiencies of the base-case system are lower than those reported in literature. The majority of the exergy destruction occurs due to the high irreversibility of chemical reactions and heat transfer. A significant amount of exergy is wasted in the exhaust stream. The variation of reformer operating parameters illustrated an inverse relationship between hydrogen yield and the amount of methane required by the system. The results of this investigation demonstrate the utility of exergy analysis and provide guidance for where research and development in hydrogen production via SMR should be focused. (c) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Simpson, Adam P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94403 USA. [Lutz, Andrew E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Simpson, AP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Bldg 520, Stanford, CA 94403 USA. EM simpsona@stanford.edu RI Mathiesen, Brian Vad/E-3551-2016 OI Mathiesen, Brian Vad/0000-0003-3917-1184 NR 13 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 18 BP 4811 EP 4820 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.08.025 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 249VY UT WOS:000252259500024 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Romero, LA AF Forrestal, M. J. Romero, L. A. TI Perforation of aluminum plates with ogive-nose steel rods at normal and oblique impacts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Romero, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lromero@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1962 EP 1964 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.12.003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 200KE UT WOS:000248761500005 ER PT J AU Park, G Bement, MT Hartman, DA Smith, RE Farrar, CR AF Park, Gyuhae Bement, Matthew T. Hartman, Daniel A. Smith, Ronald E. Farrar, Charles R. TI The use of active materials for machining processes: A review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Review DE fast tool servo; piezoelectric materials; active materials; magnetostrictive materials; magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids ID FAST TOOL SERVO; DIAMOND TURNING MACHINES; PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID; BORING BAR; CHATTER CONTROL; CONTROL-SYSTEM; MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; ADVANCED MICROLITHOGRAPHY; ERROR COMPENSATION AB This paper provides a review of active materials in the context of applications to manufacturing machining processes. The important concepts and background of active materials are briefly introduced. After which, the applications of these materials are discussed as applied to relevant themes in machining processes. A brief overview of research work on experimental and theoretical studies on various process monitoring and control is considered, and several research papers on these topics are cited. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research areas and a suggests path forward. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996; Bement, Matthew/0000-0003-3577-3292 NR 147 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2189 EP 2206 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.06.002 PG 18 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 233DB UT WOS:000251069500001 ER PT J AU Faber, KT Weyant, CM Harder, B Almer, J Lee, K AF Faber, K. T. Weyant, C. M. Harder, Bryan Almer, Jonathan Lee, Kang TI Internal stresses and phase stability in multiphase environmental barrier coatings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coatings; ceramics; X-ray; residual stress; phase transformations ID TANTALUM OXIDE COATINGS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS; LAYERED MATERIALS; DELAMINATION; TEMPERATURE; CERAMICS; PROPAGATION; ADDITIONS AB The use of silicon-based ceramics in power generation applications is limited by recession of the passivating SiO2 when it reacts with water-vapor to form a volatile hydroxide. Environmental barrier coatings are used to prevent diffusion of reactive species to the structural ceramic substrate. Often these barriers are multilayered and/or multiphase to provide optimal thermal expansion match, microstructural stability, as well as low diffusivities. High energy X-rays are used to assess internal stress as well as phase content and stability in two coating systems: alloyed Ta2O5 for Si3N4 and strontium-aluminosilicates for SiC/SiC. In particular, the role of phase transitions and precipitation on the coating internal stresses is evaluated along with their ramifications for coating lifetime. C1 [Faber, K. T.; Weyant, C. M.; Harder, Bryan] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Kang] Rolls Royce Corp, Mat Proc & Repair Technol, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Faber, KT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM k-faber@northwestem.edu RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1188 EP 1195 DI 10.3139/146.101590 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255PW UT WOS:000252670900004 ER PT J AU Hovis, D Hu, L Reddy, A Heuer, AH Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Hovis, D. Hu, L. Reddy, A. Heuer, A. H. Paulikas, A. P. Veal, B. W. TI In-situ studies of the TGO growth stresses and the martensitic transformation in the B2 phase in commercial Pt-modified NiAl and NiCoCrAlY bond coat alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermally grown oxide; oxide growth stress; NiAl; NiCoCrAlY; rumpling ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; OXIDATION; ALUMINA; CREEP; TEMPERATURE; STRAINS; AL2O3; PLATINUM; OXIDES AB Oxide growth stresses were measured in situ at 1100 degrees C on commercial Pt-modified NiAl and NiCoCrAlY bond coat alloys using synchrotron X-rays. Measurements were taken on samples that had no preoxidation, as well as on samples that had experienced 24 one-hour thermal exposures at 1150 degrees C, a condition known to induce rumpling in the Pt-modified NiAl alloy, but not in the NiCoCrAlY alloy. The NiCoCrAlY alloy showed continuous stress relaxation under all conditions, whereas the Pt-modified NiAl alloys would typically stabilize at a fixed (often non-zero) stress suggesting a higher creep strength in the "Thermally Grown Oxide" on the latter alloy, though the precise behavior was dependent on initial surface preparation. The formation of martensite in the Pt-modified NiAl alloys was also observed upon cooling and occurred at temperatures below 200 degrees C for all of the samples observed. Based on existing models, this M, temperature is too low to account for the rumpling observed in these alloys. C1 [Hovis, D.; Hu, L.; Reddy, A.; Heuer, A. H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Paulikas, A. P.; Veal, B. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heuer, AH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave,White 418, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM heuer@case.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1209 EP 1213 DI 10.3139/146.101586 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255PW UT WOS:000252670900007 ER PT J AU Tomsia, AP Saiz, E Lopez-Esteban, S Benhassine, M de Coninck, J Rauch, N Ruhle, M AF Tomsia, Antoni P. Saiz, Eduardo Lopez-Esteban, Sonia Benhassine, Mehdi de Coninck, Joel Rauch, Nicole Ruehle, Manfred TI Wetting of metals and glasses on Mo SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wetting; interface; glasses; liquid metals; interfacial energies ID MONITORED OXYGEN ACTIVITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WETTABILITY CHARACTERIZATION; COMPOUND FORMATION; EXPERIMENTAL SETUP; SURFACE-TENSION; TRIPLE LINE; MOLYBDENUM; CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB The wetting of low melting point metals and Si-Ca-Al-Ti-O glasses on molybdenum has been investigated. The selected metals (Au, Cu, Ag) form a simple eutectic with Mo. Metal spreading occurs under nonreactive conditions without interdiffusion or ridge formation. The metals exhibit low (non-zero) contact angles on Mo but this requires temperatures higher than 1100 degrees C in reducing atmospheres in order to eliminate a layer of adsorbed impurities on the molybdenum surface. By controlling the oxygen activity in the furnace, glass spreading can take place under reactive or nonreactive conditions. We have found that in the glass/Mo system the contact angle does not decrease under reactive conditions. In all cases, adsorption from the liquid seems to accelerate the diffusivity on the free molybdenum surface. C1 [Tomsia, Antoni P.; Saiz, Eduardo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benhassine, Mehdi; de Coninck, Joel] Univ Mons, Ctr Res Mol Modelling, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Rauch, Nicole; Ruehle, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aptomsia@lbl.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1238 EP 1243 DI 10.3139/146.101581 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255PW UT WOS:000252670900011 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WW Lu, WY AF Song, Bo Chen, Weinong W. Lu, W. -Y. TI Mechanical characterization at intermediate strain rates for rate effects on an epoxy syntactic foam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE intermediate strain rate; materials testing machine; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); epoxy foam; stress-strain curve ID COMPOSITE SANDWICH; PRESSURE BAR; BEHAVIOR; SEPARATION; WAVES; DAMAGE; CORE AB An intermediate strain-rate mechanical testing technique was developed through proper modifications of a hydraulically driven loading frame (MTS 810) and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The modified NITS and SHPB were used to obtain valid stress-strain data for an epoxy syntactic foam at intermediate strain rates in the order from 10(-1) to 10(2) s(-1). Additionally, lower and higher strain-rate characterization of the foam material was conducted, such that the compressive stress-strain data of the syntactic epoxy foam were obtained at strain rates from 0.005 to 2150s(-1) without any gap in the intermediate strain-rate range. The syntactic epoxy foam exhibited nonlinear strain-rate dependency of failure strength. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chen, WW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1336 EP 1343 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2007.04.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 239MZ UT WOS:000251523700003 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Israelsson, UE Shao, M Yu, N Kusenko, A Wright, EL Everitt, CWF Kasevich, M Lipa, JA Mester, JC Reasenberg, RD Walsworth, RL Ashby, N Gould, H Paik, HJ AF Turyshev, Slava G. Israelsson, Ulf E. Shao, Michael Yu, Nan Kusenko, Alexander Wright, Edward L. Everitt, C. W. Francis Kasevich, Mark Lipa, John A. Mester, John C. Reasenberg, Robert D. Walsworth, Ronald L. Ashby, Neil Gould, Harvey Paik, Ho Jung TI Space-based research in fundamental physics and quantum technologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE fundamental physics in space; general and special theories of relativity; Standard Model extensions; gravitational waves; cosmology; astroparticle physics; cold atoms; quantum sensors; science policy ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; WARM DARK-MATTER; HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL THEORIES; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; STERILE NEUTRINOS; ATOM INTERFEROMETRY; STRING THEORY AB Space offers unique experimental conditions and a wide range of opportunities to explore the foundations of modern physics with an accuracy far beyond that of ground-based experiments. Space-based experiments today can uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of Nature. In particular, high-accuracy physics experiments in space can test relativistic gravity and probe the physics beyond the Standard Model; they can perform direct detection of gravitational waves and are naturally suited for investigations in precision cosmology and astroparticle physics. In addition, atomic physics has recently shown substantial progress in the development of optical clocks and atom interferometers. If placed in space, these instruments could turn into powerful high-resolution quantum sensors greatly benefiting fundamental physics. We discuss the current status of space-based research in fundamental physics, its discovery potential, and its importance for modern science. We offer a set of recommendations to be considered by the upcoming National Academy of Sciences' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. In our opinion, the Decadal Survey should include space-based research in fundamental physics as one of its focus areas. We recommend establishing an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee's interagency "Fundamental Physics Task Force" to assess the status of both ground- and space-based efforts in the field, to identify the most important objectives, and to suggest the best ways to organize the work of several federal agencies involved. We also recommend establishing a new NASA-led interagency program in fundamental physics that will consolidate new technologies, prepare key instruments for future space missions, and build a strong scientific and engineering community. Our goal is to expand NASA's science objectives in space by including "laboratory research in fundamental physics" as an element in the agency's ongoing space research efforts. C1 [Turyshev, Slava G.; Israelsson, Ulf E.; Shao, Michael; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kusenko, Alexander; Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Everitt, C. W. Francis; Kasevich, Mark; Lipa, John A.; Mester, John C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reasenberg, Robert D.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ashby, Neil] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gould, Harvey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paik, Ho Jung] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 303 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 EI 1793-6594 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 1879 EP 1925 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011760 PG 47 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000002 ER PT J AU Turner, K AF Turner, Kathleen TI The department of energy high energy physics program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE agency; astrophysics; cosmology AB This paper describes the high-energy-physics program at the US Department of Energy. The mission and goals of the program are described along with the breadth of the overall program. Information on recommendations from community-based panels and committees is provided. Finally, details about the main astrophysics and cosmology projects are given. C1 US DOE, Off Sci, Off High Energy Phys, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Turner, K (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci, Off High Energy Phys, SC-25,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM Kathy.Turner@science.doe.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 1989 EP 2001 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011735 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000010 ER PT J AU Gould, H AF Gould, Harvey TI ELECTRON ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT EXPERIMENT WITH SLOW ATOMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE Electric dipole moment; Standard Model; laser cooling and trapping AB Discovering an electron electric dipole moment (e-EDM) would uncover new physics requiring an extension of the Standard Model. e-EDMs, large enough to be discovered by new experiments are now common predictions in extensions of the Standard Model, including extensions that describe baryogenesis, dark matter, and neutrino mass. A cesium slow-atom e-EDM experiment (which is similar to an atomic clock) can improve the sensitivity to the e-EDM. And, as with an atomic clock, it could be more sensitive in microgravity than on Earth. As a first step an Earth-based demonstration Cs fountain e-EDM experiment has been carried out at LBNL. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gould, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HAGould@lbl.gov FU NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research; NIST; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Support from the NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research and from a NIST Precision Measurements Grant is most gratefully acknowledged. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated for the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12B BP 2337 EP 2342 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011395 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V11XQ UT WOS:000207564700002 ER PT J AU Cahn, RN AF Cahn, Robert N. TI DARK ENERGY TASK FORCE: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE Dark energy AB NASA, NSF, and the Department of Energy established the Dark Energy Task Force to examine the opportunities for exploration of dark energy and to report on the various techniques that might be employed to further our understanding of this remarkable phenomenon. The Task Force examined dozens of white papers outlining the plans of teams to measure dark energy's properties. I present here the findings and recommendations of the Task Force. Our methodology is explained in another talk at this conference. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cahn, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rncahn@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12B BP 2551 EP 2561 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011267 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V11XQ UT WOS:000207564700023 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, Jonathan C. TI First principles electronic structure and band gap pressure coefficient for cadmium-oxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 22-27, 2007 CL St Simons Isl, GA SP Univ Florida, Fac Staff & Students Quantum Therory Project DE cadmium oxide; electronic structure; pressure coefficient; relativistic effects ID CDO; SOLIDS; SYSTEMATICS; EXCHANGE; FILMS AB The static-lattice equation of state (EOS) and electronic energy bands of rocksalt structure cadmium-oxide (CdO) have been calculated for lattice constants ranging from 9.2 to 8.2 bohr, with and without relativistic corrections included, using two distinct density functional theory models; the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The zero-pressure lattice constants obtained with the LDA and GGA models bracket the measured value. For all models considered here, the fundamental band gap decreases linearly with increasing lattice constant over the full range of the calculations. The calculations with relativistic corrections incorrectly predict that CdO is a metal at ambient conditions, transforming to an insulator under pressure. The nonrelativistic calculations predict insulating behavior for all pressures greater than or equal to zero. The large discrepancies between previous predictions of the energy gap for CdO are shown to be due to model differences, not methodological variations. The predicted pressure coefficient for the fundamental band gap is positive and ranges from 13 to 22 meV/GPa, depending on the model used, with the "best" estimate being 15 meV/GPa. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jn@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 15 SI SI BP 2988 EP 2994 DI 10.1002/qua.21350 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 225OA UT WOS:000250526000002 ER PT J AU Brozell, SR Shepard, R Zhang, Z AF Brozell, Scott R. Shepard, Ron Zhang, Zhiyong TI Spin-orbit interaction with Nonlinear wave functions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 22-27, 2007 CL St Simons Isl, GA SP Univ Florida, Fac Staff & Students Quantum Therory Project DE spin-orbit CI; nonlinear; wave function; GUGA ID UNITARY-GROUP-APPROACH; ELECTRON CORRELATION-PROBLEM; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MATRIX; CORE AB The computation of the spin-orbit interaction is discussed for electronic wave functions expressed in the new nonlinear expansion form. This form is based on spin eigenfunctions using the graphical unitary group approach (GUGA). The nodes of a Shavitt graph in GUGA are connected by arcs, and a Configuration State Function (CSF) is represented as a walk along arcs from the vacuum node to a head node. The wave function is a linear combination of product functions each of which is a linear combination of all CSFs, wherein each CSF coefficient is a product of nonlinear arc factors. When the spin-orbit interaction is included the Shavitt graph is a union of single-headed Shavitt graphs each with the same total number of electrons and orbitals. Thus spin-orbit Shavitt graphs are multiheaded. For full-Cl multiheaded Shavitt graphs, analytic expressions are presented for the number of walks, the number of nodes, the number of arcs, and the number of node pairs in the associated auxiliary pair graph. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brozell, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM srb@osc.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 15 SI SI BP 3191 EP 3202 DI 10.1002/qua.21496 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 225OA UT WOS:000250526000025 ER PT J AU Shepard, R Minkoff, M Brozell, SR AF Shepard, Ron Minkoff, Michael Brozell, Scott R. TI Nonlinear wave function expansions: A progress report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 22-27, 2007 CL St Simons Isl, GA SP Univ Florida, Fac Staff & Students Quantum Therory Project DE nonlinear wave function expansion; graphical unitary group approach; configuration interaction ID UNITARY-GROUP-APPROACH; ELECTRON CORRELATION-PROBLEM; PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; GROUP THEORETICAL APPROACH; DOUBLE-ZETA BASIS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; FULL CI; MATRIX; OPTIMIZATION AB Some recent progress is reported for a novel nonlinear expansion form for electronic wave functions. This expansion form is based on spin eigenfunctions using the Graphical Unitary Group Approach and the wave function is expanded in a basis of product functions, allowing application to closed and open shell systems and to ground and excited electronic states. Each product basis function is itself a multiconfigurational expansion that depends on a relatively small number of nonlinear parameters called arc factors. Efficient recursive procedures for the computation of reduced one- and two-particle density matrices, overlap matrix elements, and Hamiltonian matrix elements result in a very efficient computational procedure that is applicable to very large configuration state function (CSF) expansions. A new energy-based optimization approach is presented based on product function splitting and variational recombination. Convergence of both valence correlation energy and dynamical correlation energy with respect to the product function basis dimension is examined. A wave function analysis approach suitable for very large CSF expansions is presented based on Shavitt graph node density and arc density. Some new closed-form expressions for various Shavitt Graph and Auxiliary Pair Graph statistics are presented. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shepard, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shepard@tcg.anl.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 15 SI SI BP 3203 EP 3218 DI 10.1002/qua.21503 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 225OA UT WOS:000250526000026 ER PT J AU Majer, EL Peterson, JE AF Majer, Ernest L. Peterson, John E. TI The impact of injection on seismicity at The Geysers, California Geothermal Field SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE seismic monitoring; induced seismicity; geothermal; enhanced geothermal systems ID AREA; EARTHQUAKES; RESERVOIR AB Water injection into geothermal systems has often become a required strategy to extend and sustain production of geothermal resources. To reduce a trend of declining pressures and increasing non-condensable gas concentrations in steam produced from The Geysers, operators have been injecting steam condensate, local rain and stream waters, and most recently treated wastewater piped to the field from neighboring communities. If geothermal energy is to provide a significant increase in energy in the United States (the US Department of Energy goal is 40,000 MW by 2040), injection must play a larger role in the overall strategy, i.e., enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Presented in this paper are the results of monitoring microseismicity during an increase in injection at The Geysers field in California using data from a high-density digital microearthquake array. Although seismicity has increased due to increased injection, it has been found to be somewhat predictable, thus implying that intelligent injection control may be able to control large increases in seismicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majer, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elmajer@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.07.023 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 227YD UT WOS:000250693000002 ER PT J AU Holmes, DE O'Neil, RA Vrionis, HA N'Guessan, LA Ortiz-Bernad, I Larrahondo, MJ Adams, LA Ward, JA Nicoll, JS Nevin, KP Chavan, MA Johnson, JP Long, PE Lovley, DR AF Holmes, Dawn E. O'Neil, Regina A. Vrionis, Helen A. N'Guessan, Lucie A. Ortiz-Bernad, Irene Larrahondo, Maria J. Adams, Lorrie A. Ward, Joy A. Nicoll, Julie S. Nevin, Kelly P. Chavan, Milind A. Johnson, Jessica P. Long, Philip E. Lovley, Derek R. TI Subsurface clade of Geobacteraceae that predominates in a diversity of Fe(III)-reducing subsurface environments SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Geobacter; Fe(III) reduction; subsurface sediments; uranium bioremediation ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MICROBIAL IRON REDUCTION; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; IN-SITU; SP-NOV; REDUCING BACTERIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER AB There are distinct differences in the physiology of Geobacter species available in pure culture. Therefore, to understand the ecology of Geobacter species in subsurface environments, it is important to know which species predominate. Clone libraries were assembled with 16S rRNA genes and transcripts amplified from three subsurface environments in which Geobacter species are known to be important members of the microbial community: (1) a uranium-contaminated aquifer located in Rifle, CO, USA undergoing in situ bioremediation; (2) an acetate-impacted aquifer that serves as an analog for the long-term acetate amendments proposed for in situ uranium bioremediation and (3) a petroleum-contaminated aquifer in which Geobacter species play a role in the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons coupled with the reduction of Fe(III). The majority of Geobacteraceae 16S rRNA sequences found in these environments clustered in a phylogenetically coherent subsurface clade, which also contains a number of Geobacter species isolated from subsurface environments. Concatamers constructed with 43 Geobacter genes amplified from these sites also clustered within this subsurface clade. 16S rRNA transcript and gene sequences in the sediments and groundwater at the Rifle site were highly similar, suggesting that sampling groundwater via monitoring wells can recover the most active Geobacter species. These results suggest that further study of Geobacter species in the subsurface clade is necessary to accurately model the behavior of Geobacter species during subsurface bioremediation of metal and organic contaminants. C1 [Holmes, Dawn E.; O'Neil, Regina A.; Vrionis, Helen A.; N'Guessan, Lucie A.; Ortiz-Bernad, Irene; Larrahondo, Maria J.; Adams, Lorrie A.; Ward, Joy A.; Nicoll, Julie S.; Nevin, Kelly P.; Chavan, Milind A.; Johnson, Jessica P.; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill N Sci Ctr 4, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holmes, DE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill N Sci Ctr 4, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dholmes@microbio.umass.edu RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 60 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 8 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.85 PG 15 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 245PC UT WOS:000251946500001 PM 18059491 ER PT J AU Edmonds, J Clarke, L AF Edmonds, Jae Clarke, Leon TI Untitled SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Edmonds, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 124CM UT WOS:000243344800014 ER PT J AU Margolis, RM Kammen, DM AF Margolis, Robert M. Kammen, Daniel M. TI Energy clarified SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Margolis, RM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM Kammen@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 124CM UT WOS:000243344800016 ER PT J AU Benedick, RE AF Benedick, Richard E. TI Avoiding gridlock on climate change SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Montreal Protocol Subst Protect Ozone Layer, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Benedick, RE (reprint author), Montreal Protocol Subst Protect Ozone Layer, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM richard.benedick@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 124CM UT WOS:000243344800027 ER PT J AU Mamin, RF Egami, T Marton, Z Migachev, CA Sadykov, MF AF Mamin, R. F. Egami, T. Marton, Z. Migachev, C. A. Sadykov, M. F. TI Giant dielectric susceptibility and magnetocapacitance effect in manganites at room temperature SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; RESISTIVITY; FILMS AB Extremely high values of the relative permittivity up to 10(7) and the magnetocapacitance up to 10(5)% have been found in La1 - x Sr (x) MnO3 single crystals (x = 0.1, 0.11). These phenomena are observed even at room temperature. The observed behavior can be a consequence of the strong interaction among charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom, which leads to charge and phase separation in the regime before the percolation threshold. C1 [Mamin, R. F.; Egami, T.; Marton, Z.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mamin, R. F.; Migachev, C. A.; Sadykov, M. F.] Russian Acad Sci, Kazan Sci Ctr, Zavoisky Phys Tech Inst, Kazan 420029, Russia. [Egami, T.; Marton, Z.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mamin, RF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mamin@donis.kfti.knc.ru NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0021-3640 EI 1090-6487 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 10 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1134/S0021364007220067 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 258TA UT WOS:000252891200006 ER PT J AU Russell, H Thomas, G AF Jones, Russell H. Thomas, George TI An overview of materials the for hydrogen economy SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Materials play a key role in whether a hydrogen-based energy economy, with its promise of clean, sustainable energy, will become a reality. Materials will be crucial in the production, distribution, storage, and utilization of hydrogen with the number of materials interacting with hydrogen being a key challenge. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. GT Engn Redmond, Washington, DC USA. RP Russell, H (reprint author), 18372 Redmond Fall City Rd, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM rjones@verizon.net NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2007 VL 59 IS 12 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 237IW UT WOS:000251368400008 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Daemen, LL Vogel, SC Proffen, T AF Williams, Darrick J. Daemen, L. L. Vogel, S. C. Proffen, Th. TI Temperature dependence of the crystal structure of alpha-AgSCN by powder neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SILVER THIOCYANATE; SCATTERING; CYANATE; PHASE; AGCN AB A structural study of alpha-AgSCN was carried out using the neutron powder diffractometer HIPPO ( high-pressure preferred orientation powder) at ten different temperatures between 25 and 275 K. The structure of alpha-AgSCN was refined using the Rietveld method and the symmetry elements for the material were found to be: space group No. 15, C2/c, a=8.7210 ( 8) angstrom, b=7.9318 ( 8) angstrom, c=12.3329 ( 5) angstrom, beta=138.750 ( 3)degrees, volume = 562.497 ( 9) angstrom(3) and Z = 8. The Ag+ cation has tetrahedral coordination and is surrounded by three -SCN thiocyanate ligands and one isothiocyanate -NCS ligand down to 25 K, with no structural changes. The bond lengths at 275 K are Ag-S1 = 2.749 ( 10), Ag-S2 = 2.995 ( 11), Ag-S3 = 2.411 ( 11), Ag-N = 2.150 ( 5), S-C = 1.783 ( 11) and C-N = 1.1447 ( 35) angstrom. The bond lengths at 25 K are Ag-S1 = 2.782 ( 5), Ag-S2 = 2.941 ( 5), Ag-S3 = 2.431 ( 5), Ag-N = 2.1526 ( 26), S-C = 1.749 ( 5) and C-N = 1.140 ( 2) angstrom. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM darrick@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 BP 1039 EP 1043 DI 10.1107/S0021889807048236 PN 6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 230SC UT WOS:000250895200009 ER PT J AU Lynch, PA Tamura, N Lau, D Madsen, I Liang, D Strohschnieder, M Stevenson, AW AF Lynch, P. A. Tamura, N. Lau, D. Madsen, I. Liang, D. Strohschnieder, M. Stevenson, A. W. TI Application of white-beam X-ray microdiffraction for the study of mineralogical phase identification in ancient Egyptian pigments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIFFRACTION; ELECTROMIGRATION AB High-brightness synchrotron X-rays together with precision achromatic focusing optics on beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source have been applied for Laue microdiffraction analysis of mineralogical phases in Egyptian pigments. Although this task is usually performed using monochromatic X-ray diffraction, the Laue technique was both faster and more reliable for the present sample. In this approach, white-beam diffraction patterns are collected as the sample is raster scanned across the incident beam (0.8 mu m x 0.8 mu m). The complex Laue diffraction patterns arising from illumination of multiple grains are indexed using the white-beam crystallographic software package XMAS, enabling a mineralogical map as a function of sample position. This methodology has been applied to determine the mineralogy of colour pigments taken from the ancient Egyptian coffin of Tjeseb, a priestess of the Apis bull dating from the Third Intermediate to Late period, 25th Dynasty to early 26th Dynasty ( 747 to 600 BC). For all pigments, a ground layer of calcite and quartz was identified. For the blue pigment, cuprorivaite (CuCaSi4O10) was found to be the primary colouring agent with a grain size ranging from similar to 10 to 50 mu m. In the green and yellow samples, malachite [Cu-2( OH)(2)CO3] and goethite [FeO(OH)] were identified, respectively. Grain sizes from these pigments were significantly smaller. It was possible to index some malachite grains up to similar to 20 mu m in size, while the majority of goethite grains displayed a nanocrystalline particle size. The inability to obtain a complete mineralogical map for goethite highlights the fact that the incident probe size is considerably larger than the grain size. This limit will continue to improve as the present trend is toward focusing optics approaching the diffraction limit ( similar to 1000 x smaller beam area). C1 CSIRO MMT, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CSIRO Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. Natl Gallery Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 8004, Australia. RP Lynch, PA (reprint author), CSIRO MMT, Gate 5 Normanby Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM peter.lynch@csiro.au RI Lau, Deborah/G-1999-2011 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 BP 1089 EP 1096 DI 10.1107/S0021889807041003 PN 6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 230SC UT WOS:000250895200015 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Keenan, MR Nagasubramanian, G AF Rodriguez, Mark A. Keenan, Michael R. Nagasubramanian, Ganesan TI In situ X-ray diffraction analysis of (CFx)(n) batteries: signal extraction by multivariate analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SIMS SPECTRUM-IMAGES; DISCHARGE REACTION; LITHIUM BATTERIES; MECHANISM; NOISE AB (CFx)(n) cathode reaction during discharge has been investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mathematical treatment of the in situ XRD data set was performed using multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), a technique of multivariate analysis. MCR-ALS analysis successfully separated the relatively weak XRD signal intensity due to the chemical reaction from the other inert cell component signals. The resulting dynamic reaction component revealed the loss of ( CFx)(n) cathode signal together with the simultaneous appearance of LiF by-product intensity. Careful examination of the XRD data set revealed an additional dynamic component which may be associated with the formation of an intermediate compound during the discharge process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 BP 1097 EP 1104 DI 10.1107/S0021889807042045 PN 6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 230SC UT WOS:000250895200016 ER PT J AU Allwine, J Leach, M AF Allwine, Jerry Leach, Marty TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Allwine, Jerry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Leach, Marty] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Allwine, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2017 EP 2018 DI 10.1175/JAM9044.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000001 ER PT J AU Flaherty, JE Lamb, B Allwine, KJ Allwine, E AF Flaherty, Julia E. Lamb, Brian Allwine, K. Jerry Allwine, Eugene TI Vertical tracer concentration profiles measured during the Joint Urban 2003 dispersion study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLUTANT DISPERSION; STREET CANYON; FLOW; MEGACITIES; DIFFUSION; SITE AB An atmospheric tracer dispersion study known as Joint Urban 2003 was conducted in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during July of 2003. As part of this field program, vertical concentration profiles were measured at approximately 1 km from the downtown ground-level tracer gas release locations. These profiles showed that the urban landscape was very effective in mixing the plume vertically. In general, the lowest concentration measured along the profile was within 50% of the highest concentration in any given 5-min measurement period. The general slope of the concentration profiles was bounded by a Gaussian distribution with Briggs's urban equations (stability classes D and E/F) for vertical dispersion. However, measured concentration maxima occurred at levels above the surface, which would not be predicted by Gaussian formulations. Variations in tracer concentration observed in the time series between different release periods were related to changes in wind direction as opposed to changes in turbulence. This was demonstrated using data from mobile analyzers that captured the width of the plume by traveling east to west along nearby streets. These mobile-van-analyzer data were also used to compute plume widths. Plume widths increased for wind directions at larger angles to the street grid, and a simple model comprising adjusted open-country dispersion coefficients and a street channeling component, were used to describe the measured widths. This dispersion dataset is a valuable asset not only for developing advanced tools for emergency-response situations in the event of a toxic release but also for refining air-quality models. C1 [Flaherty, Julia E.; Lamb, Brian; Allwine, Eugene] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Flaherty, Julia E.; Allwine, K. Jerry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Flaherty, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM julia.flaherty@pnl.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2019 EP 2037 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1305.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000002 ER PT J AU Nelson, MA Pardyjak, ER Klewicki, JC Pol, SU Brown, MJ AF Nelson, M. A. Pardyjak, E. R. Klewicki, J. C. Pol, S. U. Brown, M. J. TI Properties of the wind field within the Oklahoma City Park Avenue street canyon. Part I: Mean flow and turbulence statistics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; URBAN BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUX MEASUREMENT; AIR-FLOW; SURFACE; DISPERSION; TUNNEL; ROUGHNESS; AREAS; BUILDINGS AB Velocity data were obtained from sonic anemometer measurements within an east-west-running street canyon located in the urban core of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign. These data were used to explore the directional dependence of the mean flow and turbulence within a real-world street canyon. The along-canyon vortex that is a key characteristic of idealized street canyon studies was not evident in the mean wind data, although the sensor placement was not optimized for the detection of such structures. Instead, surface wind measurements imply that regions of horizontal convergence and divergence exist within the canopy, which are likely caused by taller buildings diverting the winds aloft down into the canopy. The details of these processes appear to be dependent on relatively small perturbations in the prevailing wind direction. Turbulence intensities within the canyon interior appeared to have more dependence on prevailing wind direction than they did in the intersections. Turbulence in the intersections tended to be higher than was observed in the canyon interior. This behavior implies that there are some fundamental differences between the flow structure found in North American-style cities where building heights are typically heterogeneous and that found in European-style cities, which generally have more homogeneous building heights. It is hypothesized that the greater three-dimensionality caused by the heterogeneous building heights increases the ventilation of the urban canopy through mean advective transport as well as enhanced turbulence. C1 [Nelson, M. A.; Pol, S. U.; Brown, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nelson, M. A.; Pardyjak, E. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Engn Mech, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Klewicki, J. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D 3, MS K551, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nelsonm@lanl.gov OI Klewicki, Joseph/0000-0002-4921-3272; Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 NR 51 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2038 EP 2054 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1427.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000003 ER PT J AU Nelson, MA Pardyjak, ER Brown, MJ Klewicki, JC AF Nelson, M. A. Pardyjak, E. R. Brown, M. J. Klewicki, J. C. TI Properties of the wind field within the Oklahoma City Park Avenue street canyon. Part II: Spectra, cospectra, and quadrant analyses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; URBAN ROUGHNESS SUBLAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; FLUX MEASUREMENT; REYNOLDS STRESS; FLOW-FIELD; MEAN FLOW AB Velocity data were obtained within Park Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, using three-dimensional sonic anemometers under unstable atmospheric conditions. These data are used to produce velocity spectra, cospectra, and weighted joint probability density functions at various heights and horizontal locations in the street canyon. This analysis has helped to describe a number of physically interesting urban flow phenomena. Previous research has shown that the ratio of Reynolds shear stresses to normal stresses is typically much smaller deep within the canopy than those ratios found at the top of canopy and in the roughness sublayer. The turbulence in this region exhibits significant contributions to all four quadrants of a weighted joint-probability density function of horizontal and vertical velocity fluctuations, yielding the characteristic small Reynolds shear stresses in the flow. The velocity cospectra measured at the base of the canopy show evidence of discrete frequency bands of both positive and negative correlation that yield a small correlation, as indicated by the Reynolds shear stresses. Two major peaks were often observed in the spectra and cospectra: a low-frequency peak that appears to be associated with vortex shedding off the buildings and a midfrequency peak generally associated with canyon geometry. The low-frequency peak was found to produce a countergradient contribution to the along-wind vertical velocity covariance. Standard spectral tests for local isotropy indicate that isotropic conditions occur at different frequencies depending on spatial location, demonstrating the need to be thorough when testing for local isotropy with the urban canopy. C1 [Nelson, M. A.; Brown, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nelson, M. A.; Pardyjak, E. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Klewicki, J. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D 3,MS K551, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nelsonm@lanl.gov OI Klewicki, Joseph/0000-0002-4921-3272; Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2055 EP 2073 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1290.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000004 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Klipp, CL Garvey, DM Ligon, DA Williamson, CC Chang, SS Newsom, RK Calhoun, R AF Wang, Yansen Klipp, Cheryl L. Garvey, Dennis M. Ligon, David A. Williamson, Chatt C. Chang, Sam S. Newsom, Rob K. Calhoun, Ronald TI Nocturnal low-level-jet-dominated atmospheric boundary layer observed by a Doppler lidar over Oklahoma City during JU2003 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE STATISTICS; SURFACE EXCHANGE; MESOSCALE MODEL; URBAN SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; CASES-99; TERRAIN; HEAT; MASS AB Boundary layer wind data observed by a Doppler lidar and sonic anemometers during the mornings of three intensive observational periods (IOP2, IOP3, and IOP7) of the Joint Urban 2003 ( JU2003) field experiment are analyzed to extract the mean and turbulent characteristics of airflow over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. A strong nocturnal low-level jet ( LLJ) dominated the flow in the boundary layer over the measurement domain from midnight to the morning hours. Lidar scans through the LLJ taken after sunrise indicate that the LLJ elevation shows a gradual increase of 25-100 m over the urban area relative to that over the upstream suburban area. The mean wind speed beneath the jet over the urban area is about 10%-15% slower than that over the suburban area. Sonic anemometer observations combined with Doppler lidar observations in the urban and suburban areas are also analyzed to investigate the boundary layer turbulence production in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer. The turbulence kinetic energy was higher over the urban domain mainly because of the shear production of building surfaces and building wakes. Direct transport of turbulent momentum flux from the LLJ to the urban street level was very small because of the relatively high elevation of the jet. However, since the LLJ dominated the mean wind in the boundary layer, the turbulence kinetic energy in the urban domain is correlated directly with the LLJ maximum speed and inversely with its height. The results indicate that the jet Richardson number is a reasonably good indicator for turbulent kinetic energy over the urban domain in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer. C1 [Wang, Yansen; Klipp, Cheryl L.; Garvey, Dennis M.; Ligon, David A.; Williamson, Chatt C.; Chang, Sam S.] US Army Res Lab, Attn AMSRD ARL CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atomspher Sci Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Calhoun, Ronald] Arizona State Univ, Environm Fluid Dyam Program, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Attn AMSRD ARL CI EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ywang@arl.army.mil NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2098 EP 2109 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1283.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000007 ER PT J AU Flaherty, JE Stock, D Lamb, B AF Flaherty, Julia E. Stock, David Lamb, Brian TI Computational fluid dynamic simulations of plume dispersion in urban Oklahoma City SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSILON TURBULENCE MODEL; NAVIER-STOKES APPROACH; STREET-CANYON; BUILDING WAKE; WIND-TUNNEL; FLOW; FIELD; SITE AB A 3D computational fluid dynamics study using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling was conducted and validated with field data from the Joint Urban 2003 dispersion study in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The modeled flow field indicated that the many short buildings in this domain had a relatively small effect on the flow field, whereas the few tall buildings considerably influenced the transport and diffusion of tracer gas through the domain. Modeled values were compared with observations along a vertical profile located about 500 m downwind of the source. The isothermal base case using the standard k -epsilon closure model was within 50% of the concentration measurements, and a convective case with ground and building surfaces 10 degrees C hotter than ambient temperatures improved the modeled profile to within 30% of observations. Varying wind direction and source location had a marked effect on modeled concentrations at the vertical profile site. Ground-level concentrations were 6 times the observed values when the approach flow wind direction was changed by +15 degrees and were nearly zero when the wind direction was changed by -15 degrees. Similar results were obtained when the source was moved 50 m to the east and to the west, respectively. All cases underestimated wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy near the surface, although adding heat significantly improved the magnitude of the modeled turbulent kinetic energy. Model results based upon a Reynolds stress closure scheme were also compared with the vertical concentration profiles. Neither the isothermal case nor the thermal buoyancy case resulted in an improvement over the standard k -epsilon model. C1 [Flaherty, Julia E.; Stock, David; Lamb, Brian] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmosph Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Flaherty, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM julia.flaherty@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2110 EP 2126 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1306.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000008 ER PT J AU Chan, ST Leach, MJ AF Chan, Stevens T. Leach, Martin J. TI A validation of FEM3MP with Joint Urban 2003 data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW; TURBULENT; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; DISPERSION AB Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy and U. S. Department of Homeland Security, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for simulating airflow and dispersion of chemical/biological agents released in urban areas has recently been developed. This model, the Finite Element Model in 3-Dimensions and Massively Parallelized (FEM3MP), is based on solving the three-dimensional, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations with appropriate physics submodels on massively parallel computer platforms. It employs finite-element discretization for effective treatment of complex geometries and a semi-implicit projection scheme for efficient time integration. A simplified CFD approach, using both explicitly resolved and virtual buildings, was implemented to improve further the model's efficiency. Results from our model are continuously being verified against measured data from wind-tunnel and field studies. Herein, this model is further evaluated using observed data from intensive operation periods (IOP) 3 and 9 of the Joint Urban 2003 field study conducted in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in July 2003. The model simulations of wind and concentration fields in the near and intermediate regions, as well as profiles of wind speed, wind direction, friction velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the urban wake region, are generally consistent with and compared reasonably well to field observations. In addition, this model was able to reproduce the observed split plume of IOP 3 and the end vortices along Park Avenue in IOP 9. The dispersion results and TKE profiles at the crane station indicate that the effects of convective mixing are relatively important for the daytime release of IOP 3 but that the stable effects are relatively unimportant for the nighttime release of IOP 9. Results of this study also suggest that the simplified CFD approach implemented in FEM3MP can be a cost-effective tool for simulating urban dispersion problems. C1 [Chan, Stevens T.; Leach, Martin J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chan, ST (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schan@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2127 EP 2146 DI 10.1175/2006JAMC1321.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252FS UT WOS:000252433000009 ER PT J AU Anders, A Andersson, J Ehiasarian, A AF Anders, Andre Andersson, Joakim Ehiasarian, Arutiun TI High power impulse magnetron sputtering: Current-voltage-time characteristics indicate the onset of sustained self-sputtering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ELECTRON-EMISSION; ENERGETIC CONDENSATION; METAL-SURFACES; DISCHARGE; PLASMAS; DENSITIES; IONS AB The commonly used current-voltage characteristics are found inadequate for describing the pulsed nature of the high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge; rather, the description needs to be expanded to current-voltage-time characteristics for each initial gas pressure. Using different target materials (Cu, Ti, Nb, C, W, Al, and Cr) and a pulsed constant-voltage supply, it is shown that the HIPIMS discharges typically exhibit an initial pressure dependent current peak followed by a second phase that is power and material dependent. This suggests that the initial phase of a HIPIMS discharge pulse is dominated by gas ions, whereas the later phase has a strong contribution from self-sputtering. For some materials, the discharge switches into a mode of sustained self-sputtering. The very large differences between materials cannot be ascribed to the different sputter yields but they indicate that generation and trapping of secondary electrons play a major role for current-voltage-time characteristics. In particular, it is argued that the sustained self-sputtering phase is associated with the generation of multiply charged ions because only they can cause potential emission of secondary electrons, whereas the yield caused by singly charged metal ions is negligibly small. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Anders, Andre; Andersson, Joakim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ehiasarian, Arutiun] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Mat & Engn Res Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Andersson, Joakim/A-3017-2009; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; OI Andersson, Joakim/0000-0003-2991-1927; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Ehiasarian, Arutiun/0000-0001-6080-3946 NR 37 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 11 U2 82 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113303 DI 10.1063/1.2817812 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800018 ER PT J AU Bertoni, MI Mason, TO Medvedeva, JE Wang, Y Freeman, AJ Poeppelmeier, KR AF Bertoni, Mariana I. Mason, Thomas O. Medvedeva, Julia E. Wang, Yongqiang Freeman, Arthur J. Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. TI Enhanced electronic conductivity in Si-substituted calcium aluminate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT OXIDES; HYDRIDE ION; 12CAO-CENTER-DOT-7AL(2)O(3); CRYSTAL; OXYGEN; DONOR AB Improved conductivity has been achieved by controllable substitution of an ultraviolet electronic conductor. The transparent conducting oxide system, H-doped Ca12Al(14-x)SixO(33+x/2) with x=0-4, exhibits a conductivity strongly dependent on the substitution level. Four-point direct current conductivity increases with x from 0.15 to 0.61 S/cm at room temperature. The observed conductivity behavior is consistent with the predictions of our first principles density functional calculations for the Si-substituted system with x=0, 2, and 4. Furthermore, the Seebeck coefficient is composition dependent suggesting the existence of an activated mobility associated with small polaron conduction. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Medvedeva, Julia E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Bertoni, Mariana I.; Mason, Thomas O.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wang, Yongqiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ion Beam Mat Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Freeman, Arthur J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Medvedeva, JE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM juliaem@umr.edu RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009; Medvedeva, Julia/F-5693-2015 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113704 DI 10.1063/1.2817605 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800053 ER PT J AU Lauer, EJ AF Lauer, Eugene J. TI Electron avalanche model of dielectric-vacuum surface breakdown SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The model assumes that an "initiating event" results in positive ions on the surface near the anode and reverses the direction of the normal component of electric field so that electrons in vacuum are attracted to the dielectric locally. A sequence of surface electron avalanches progresses in steps from the anode to the cathode. For 200 kV across 1 cm, the spacing of avalanches is predicted to be about 13 mu m. The time for avalanches to step from the anode to the cathode is predicted to be about a nanosecond. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lauer, Eugene J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lauer, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lauer1@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113306 DI 10.1063/1.2818360 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800021 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Henson, BF Smilowitz, LB Zerkle, DK Asay, BW AF Levitas, Valery I. Henson, Bryan F. Smilowitz, Laura B. Zerkle, David K. Asay, Blaine W. TI Coupled phase transformation, chemical decomposition, and deformation in plastic-bonded explosive: Simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC NITRAMINE OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; TRANSITION; HMX; NUCLEATION; MODELS AB Numerical simulations of the heating with constant rate of a PBX (plastic-bonded explosive) 9501 formulation consisting of the energetic crystal HMX embedded in a polymeric binder inside of a rigid cylinder is performed. The continuum thermo-mechanochemical model of the behavior of a PBX 9501 developed in the preceding paper [V. I. Levitas, B. F. Henson, L. B. Smilowitz, D. K. Zerkle, and B. W. Asay, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 113502 (2007)] is applied. The model describes the beta <->delta phase transformations in crystalline HMX, chemical decomposition of the HMX and binder leading to gas formation, gas leaking from the cylinder, elastic, thermal, and transformational straining, as well as straining due to mass loss. We study the kinetics of the beta <->delta phase transformations and pressure buildup, as well as how they are affected by the heating rate, initial porosity and prestrain, HMX and binder decomposition, and gas leaking rule. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Levitas, Valery I.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Henson, Bryan F.; Smilowitz, Laura B.; Zerkle, David K.; Asay, Blaine W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@ttu.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113520 DI 10.1063/1.2822096 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800043 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Henson, BF Smilowitz, LB Zerkle, DK Asay, BW AF Levitas, Valery I. Henson, Bryan F. Smilowitz, Laura B. Zerkle, David K. Asay, Blaine W. TI Coupled phase transformation, chemical decomposition, and deformation in plastic-bonded explosive: Models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC NITRAMINE OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; HMX; TRANSITION; NUCLEATION AB A continuum thermomechanochemical model of the behavior of a plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) 9501 formulation consisting of the energetic crystal octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) embedded in a polymeric binder is developed. Our main focus is on the study of the beta <->delta phase transformations (PTs) in crystalline HMX under a complex pressure-temperature path. To reproduce the pressure-temperature path, in particular during heating of PBX inside of a rigid cylinder, the beta <->delta PTs in HMX are coupled to chemical decomposition of the HMX and binder leading to gas formation, gas leaking from the cylinder, elastic, thermal, and transformational straining as well as straining due to mass loss. A fully physically based thermodynamic and kinetic model of the beta <->delta PT in HMX crystal is developed. It is based on a suggested nucleation mechanism via melt mediated nanocluster transformation and the recently revealed growth mechanism via internal stress-induced virtual melting. During the nucleation, nanosize clusters of the beta phase dissolve in a molten binder and transform diffusionally into delta phase clusters. During the interface propagation, internal stresses induced by transformation strain cause the melting of the stressed delta phase much below (120 K) the melting temperature and its immediate resolidification into the unstressed delta phase. These mechanisms explain numerous puzzles of HMX polymorphism and result in overall transformation kinetics that is in good agreement with experiments. Simple phenomenological equations for kinetics of chemical decomposition of the HMX and the binder are in good correspondence with experiments as well. A continuum deformation model is developed in two steps. The geometrically linear (small strain) theory is used to prove that the internal stresses and macroscopic shear stresses are negligible. Then a large strain theory is developed under hydrostatic loading. The developed continuum thermomechanochemical model is applied in the accompanying paper [V. I. Levitas, B. F. Henson, L. B. Smilowitz, D. K. Zerkle, and B. W. Asay, J. Appl. Phys. (submitted)] to modeling the heating of PBX inside of a rigid cylinder. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Levitas, Valery I.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Henson, Bryan F.; Smilowitz, Laura B.; Zerkle, David K.; Asay, Blaine W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@ttu.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113502 DI 10.1063/1.2817616 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800025 ER PT J AU Maroni, VA Li, Y Feldmann, DM Jia, QX AF Maroni, V. A. Li, Y. Feldmann, D. M. Jia, Q. X. TI Correlation between cation disorder and flux pinning in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) coated conductor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; POINT-DEFECTS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; THICKNESS AB A correlation has been observed between the through-thickness cation disorder level in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) (YBCO) coated conductor films and the commonly observed falloff in layer-by-layer through-thickness critical current density (J(c)) of YBCO films produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on single crystal substrates. The amount of cation disorder with respect to the aggregate, c-axis-textured YBCO content was measured by Raman spectroscopy methods combined with step milling of 1.5-1.7 mu m thick YBCO films. For PLD YBCO films on single crystal strontium titanate, the Raman results indicate a sharp drop off in cation disorder from the substrate surface outward toward the top of the YBCO film. This drop off appears to level out in the 0.4-0.6 mu m range, after which the cation disorder level remains relatively constant. This trend appears to be very much like the one reported by others for the through-thickness J(c) dependence of PLD YBCO on single crystal specimens. Conversely, metal-organic-deposition-produced YBCO films on rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates do not exhibit a strong through-thickness J(c) dependence or a measurable change in the relative amount of cation disorder, again through thickness. The results of this study suggest that cation disorder in the YBCO lattice leads to increased flux pinning strength and that the cation disorder domains most probably occur on a size scale in the range from one to perhaps a few YBCO unit cell dimensions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Maroni, V. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Y.; Feldmann, D. M.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maroni, VA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maroni@cmt.anl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113909 DI 10.1063/1.2818048 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800078 ER PT J AU Michaelson, S Ternyak, O Akhvlediani, R Hoffmana, A Lafosse, A Azria, R Williams, OA Gruen, DM AF Michaelson, Sh. Ternyak, O. Akhvlediani, R. Hoffmana, A. Lafosse, A. Azria, R. Williams, O. A. Gruen, D. M. TI Hydrogen concentration and bonding configuration in polycrystalline diamond films: From micro-to nanometric grain size SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; FIELD ELECTRON-EMISSION; CH STRETCHING FEATURES; THERMAL-STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTAL SURFACES; PROTECTIVE COATINGS AB The present work studies the incorporation of hydrogen and its bonding configuration in diamond films composed of diamond grains of varying size which were deposited by three different methods: hot filament (HF), microwave (MW), and direct current glow discharge (dc GD) chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The size of diamond grains which constitute the films varies in the following way: hundreds of nanometers in the case of HF CVD ("submicron size," similar to 300 nm), tens of nanometers in the case of MW CVD (3-30 nm), and a few nanometers in the case of dc GD CVD ("ultrananocrystalline diamond," similar to 5 nm). Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS) were applied to investigate the hydrogen trapping in the films. The hydrogen retention of the diamond films increases with decreasing grain size, indicating that most likely, hydrogen is bonded and trapped in grain boundaries as well as on the internal grain surfaces. Raman and HR-EELS analyses show that at least part of this hydrogen is bonded to sp(2)- and sp(3)-hybridized carbon, thus giving rise to typical C-H vibration modes. Both vibrational spectroscopies show the increase of (sp(2))-C-H mode intensity in transition from submicron to ultrananocrystalline grain size. The impact of diamond grain size on the shape of the Raman and HR-EELS hydrogenated diamond spectra is reported and discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Michaelson, Sh.; Ternyak, O.; Akhvlediani, R.; Hoffmana, A.] Israel Inst Tech, Schulich Fac Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Lafosse, A.; Azria, R.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Collis Atom & Mol Lab, UMR 8625,FR LUMAT, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Williams, O. A.] Univ Hasselt, Inst Mat Res, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoffmana, A (reprint author), Israel Inst Tech, Schulich Fac Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM choffman@tx.technion.ac.il RI Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009 NR 63 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 113516 DI 10.1063/1.2818372 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800039 ER PT J AU Morozovska, AN Svechnikov, SV Eliseev, EA Jesse, S Rodriguez, BJ Kalinin, SV AF Morozovska, Anna N. Svechnikov, Sergei V. Eliseev, Eugene A. Jesse, Stephen Rodriguez, Brian J. Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Piezoresponse force spectroscopy of ferroelectric-semiconductor materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE; TITANATE THIN-FILMS; DOMAIN FORMATION; SCREENING PHENOMENA; LOCAL POLARIZATION; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; PZT FILMS; NANOSCALE; SURFACE; BATIO3 AB Piezoresponse force spectroscopy (PFS) has emerged as a powerful technique for probing highly localized polarization switching in ferroelectric materials. The application of a dc bias to a scanning probe microscope tip in contact with a ferroelectric surface results in the nucleation and growth of a ferroelectric domain below the tip, detected though the change of local electromechanical response. Here, we analyze the signal formation mechanism in PFS by deriving the main parameters of domain nucleation in a semi-infinite ferroelectric semiconductor material. The effect of surface screening and finite Debye length on the switching behavior is established. We predict that critical domain sizes and activation barrier in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is controlled by the screening mechanisms. The relationships between domain parameters and PFM signal is established using a linear Green's function theory. This analysis allows PFS to be extended to address phenomena such as domain nucleation in the vicinity of defects and local switching centers in ferroelectrics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Morozovska, Anna N.; Svechnikov, Sergei V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Eliseev, Eugene A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Jesse, Stephen; Rodriguez, Brian J.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morozovska, AN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, 41,pr Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM morozo@i.com.ua; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 89 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 114108 DI 10.1063/1.2818370 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800095 ER PT J AU Setchell, RE Anderson, MU Montgomery, ST AF Setchell, R. E. Anderson, M. U. Montgomery, S. T. TI Compositional effects on the shock-compression response of alumina-filled epoxy (vol 101, art no 083527, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Setchell, R. E.; Anderson, M. U.; Montgomery, S. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 11 AR 119903 DI 10.1063/1.2828171 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TN UT WOS:000251678800147 ER PT J AU Stolyar, S He, Q Joachimiak, MP He, ZL Yang, ZK Borglin, SE Joyner, DC Huang, K Alm, E Hazen, TC Zhou, JZ Wall, JD Arkin, AP Stahl, DA AF Stolyar, Sergey He, Qiang Joachimiak, Marcin P. He, Zhili Yang, Zamin Koo Borglin, Sharon E. Joyner, Dominique C. Huang, Katherine Alm, Eric Hazen, Terry C. Zhou, Jizhong Wall, Judy D. Arkin, Adam P. Stahl, David A. TI Response of Desulfovibrio vulgaris to alkaline stress SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; NA+/H+ ANTIPORTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PH HOMEOSTASIS; SP NOV.; HILDENBOROUGH AB The response of exponentially growing Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to pH 10 stress was studied using oligonucleotide microarrays and a study set of mutants with genes suggested by microarray data to be involved in the alkaline stress response deleted. The data showed that the response of D. vulgaris to increased pH is generally similar to that of Escherichia coli but is apparently controlled by unique regulatory circuits since the alternative sigma factors (sigma S and sigma E) contributing to this stress response in E. coli appear to be absent in D. vulgaris. Genes previously reported to be up-regulated in E. coli were up-regulated in D. vulgaris; these genes included three ATPase genes and a tryptophan synthase gene. Transcription of chaperone and protease genes (encoding ATP-dependent Clp and La proteases and DnaK) was also elevated in D. vulgaris. As in E. coli, genes involved in flagellum synthesis were down-regulated. The transcriptional data also identified regulators, distinct from sigma S and sigma E, that are likely part of a D. vulgaris Hildenborough-specific stress response system. Characterization of a study set of mutants with genes implicated in alkaline stress response deleted confirmed that there was protective involvement of the sodium/proton antiporter NhaC-2, tryptophanase A, and two putative regulators/histidine kinases (DVU0331 and DVU2580). C1 [Stolyar, Sergey; Stahl, David A.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Joachimiak, Marcin P.; Huang, Katherine; Arkin, Adam P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA USA. [Yang, Zamin Koo; Zhou, Jizhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [He, Qiang] Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Alm, Eric] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Borglin, Sharon E.; Joyner, Dominique C.; Hazen, Terry C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Stolyar, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 616 NE N Lake Pl,Box 355014, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sstolyar@washington.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 189 IS 24 BP 8944 EP 8952 DI 10.1128/JB.00284-07 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FL UT WOS:000251992800020 PM 17921288 ER PT J AU Tuanyok, A Auerbach, RK Brettin, TS Bruce, DC Munk, AC Detter, JC Pearson, T Hornstra, H Sermswan, RW Wuthiekanun, V Peacock, SJ Currie, BJ Keim, P Wagner, DM AF Tuanyok, Apichai Auerbach, Raymond K. Brettin, Thomas S. Bruce, David C. Munk, A. Christine Detter, J. Chris Pearson, Talima Hornstra, Heidie Sermswan, Rasana W. Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn Peacock, Sharon J. Currie, Bart J. Keim, Paul Wagner, David M. TI A horizontal gene transfer event defines two distinct groups within Burkholderia pseudomallei that have dissimilar geographic distributions SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; MELIOIDOSIS; MALLEI; REVEALS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; THAILANDENSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis. Many disease manifestations are associated with melioidosis, and the mechanisms causing this variation are unknown; genomic differences among strains offer one explanation. We compared the genome sequences of two strains of B. pseudomallei: the original reference strain K96243 from Thailand and strain MSHR305 from Australia. We identified a variable homologous region between the two strains. This region was previously identified in comparisons of the genome of B. pseudomallei strain K96243 with the genome of strain E264 from the closely related B. thailandensis. In that comparison, K96243 was shown to possess a horizontally acquired Yersinia-like fimbrial (YLF) gene cluster. Here, we show that the homologous genomic region in B. pseudomallei strain 305 is similar to that previously identified in B. thailandensis strain E264. We have named this region in B. pseudomallei strain 305 the B. thailandensis-like flagellum and chemotaxis (BTFC) gene cluster. We screened for these different genomic components across additional genome sequences and 571 B. pseudomallei DNA extracts obtained from regions of endemicity. These alternate genomic states define two distinct groups within B. pseudomallei: all strains contained either the BTFC gene cluster (group BTFC or the YLF gene cluster (group YLF). These two groups have distinct geographic distributions: group BTFC is dominant in Australia, and group YLF is dominant in Thailand and elsewhere. In addition, clinical isolates are more likely to belong to group YLF, whereas environmental isolates are more likely to belong to group BTFC. These groups should be further characterized in an animal model. C1 [Tuanyok, Apichai; Auerbach, Raymond K.; Pearson, Talima; Hornstra, Heidie; Keim, Paul; Wagner, David M.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Brettin, Thomas S.; Bruce, David C.; Munk, A. Christine; Detter, J. Chris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sermswan, Rasana W.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn; Peacock, Sharon J.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Wellcome Unit, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Currie, Bart J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia. RP Wagner, DM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Dave.Wagner@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Wagner, David/A-5125-2010; Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine/A-3133-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI065359]; Wellcome Trust NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 189 IS 24 BP 9044 EP 9049 DI 10.1128/JB.01264-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FL UT WOS:000251992800031 PM 17933898 ER PT J AU Miranda, P Pajares, A Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Guiberteau, F AF Miranda, Pedro Pajares, Antonia Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. Guiberteau, Fernando TI Fracture modes under uniaxial compression in hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated by robocasting SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE robocasting; scaffolds; hydroxyapatite; fracture modes; finite element analysis ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INKS AB The fracture modes of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds fabricated by direct-write assembly (robocasting) are analyzed in this work. Concentrated HA inks with suitable viscoelastic properties were developed to enable the fabrication of prototype structures consisting of a 3-D square mesh of interpenetrating rods. The fracture behavior of these model scaffolds under compressive stresses is determined from in situ uniaxial tests performed in two different directions: perpendicular to the rods and along one of the rod directions. The results are analyzed in terms of the stress field calculated by finite element modeling (FEM). This analysis provides valuable insight into the mechanical behavior of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications fabricated by robocasting. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Extremadura, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miranda, P (reprint author), Univ Extremadura, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, Avda Elvas S-N, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. EM pmiranda@unex.es RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 83A IS 3 BP 646 EP 655 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31272 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 228PT UT WOS:000250742700008 PM 17508415 ER PT J AU Leupin, O Kramer, I Collette, NM Loots, GG Natt, F Kneissel, M Keller, H AF Leupin, Olivier Kramer, Ina Collette, Nicole M. Loots, Gabriela G. Natt, Francois Kneissel, Michaela Keller, Hansjoerg TI Control of the SOST bone enhancer by PTH using MEF2 transcription factors SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE myocyte enhancer factors 2 transcription factors; osteocyte; osteoporosis; PTH; SOST ID VAN-BUCHEM-DISEASE; KAPPA-B LIGAND; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR EXPORT; BMP ANTAGONIST; SCLEROSTIN; PROTEIN AB Expression of the osteocyte-derived bone formation inhibitor sclerostin in adult bone requires a distant enhancer. We show that MEF2 transcription factors control this enhancer and mediate inhibition of sclerostin expression by PTH. Introduction: Sclerostin encoded by the SOST gene is a key regulator of bone formation. Lack of SOST expression is the cause for the progressive bone overgrowth disorders sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease. We have previously identified a distant enhancer within the 52-kb Van Buchem disease deletion downstream of the SOST gene that is essential for its expression in adult bone. Furthermore, we and others have reported that SOST expression is suppressed by PTH. The aim of this study was to identify transcription factors involved in SOST bone enhancer activity and mediating PTH responsiveness. Materials and Methods: Regulation of the SOST enhancer and promoter was studied by luciferase reporter gene assays. Transcription factor binding sites were mapped by footprint analysis and functional mutation analyses using transient transfections of osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells that exhibit endogenous SOST expression. Specific transcription factor binding was predicted by sequence analysis and shown by gel retardation assays and antibody-induced supershifts. Expression of myocyte enhancer factors 2 (MEF2) was detected by in situ hybridization, quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. The role of MEF2s in SOST expression was assessed by reporter gene assays and siRNA-mediated RNA knockdown. Results: PTH completely suppressed the transcriptional activity of the SOST bone enhancer but did not affect the SOST promoter. A MEF2 response element was identified in the bone enhancer. It was essential for transcriptional activation, bound MEF2 transcription factors, and mediated PTH responsiveness. Expression of MEF2s in bone was shown by qPCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. MEF2s and sclerostin co-localized in osteocytes. Enhancer activity was stimulated by MEF2C overexpression and inhibited by co-expression of a dominant negative MEF2C mutant. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of MEF2A, C, and D suppressed endogenous SOST expression in UMR-106,osteoblast-like cells. Conclusions: These data strongly suggest that SOST expression in osteocytes of adult bone and its inhibition by PTH is mediated by MEF2A, C, and D transcription factors controlling the SOST bone enhancer. Hence, MEF2s are implicated in the regulation of adult bone mass. C1 Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Musculosskeletal Dis, Bone & Cartilage Unit, Basel, Switzerland. Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Genome & Proteome Sci, Basel, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Leupin, O (reprint author), Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Musculosskeletal Dis, Bone & Cartilage Unit, Basel, Switzerland. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD047853-03, HD47853, R01 HD047853, R01 HD047853-02] NR 47 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1957 EP 1967 DI 10.1359/JBMR.070804 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 236HA UT WOS:000251292400016 PM 17696759 ER PT J AU Jiao, Y Hurson, AR AF Jiao, Yu Hurson, Ali R. TI Energy-efficient wireless information retrieval SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE IEEE 802.11b; power management; mobile computing; information retrieval ID DRIVEN POWER MANAGEMENT AB In this paper, we propose an adaptive application-driven power management (AADPM) protocol for wireless information retrieval applications within the IEEE 802.1lb infrastructure WLAN environment. Our goal is to minimize energy consumption while achieving low round trip time delay. We discuss the protocol and evaluate its effectiveness using the network simulator NS2. We also draw horizontal comparisons among a variety of PM methods reported in the literature. Experimental results show that, compared to the power save mode supported by 802.11b, AADPM reduces the network interface card energy consumption by 52% while only introducing 3% RTF delay. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hurson, AR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jiaoy@ornl.gov; hurson@cse.psu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0000 J9 J COMPUT SYST SCI JI J. Comput. Syst. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/j.jcss.2007.02.004 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 226RK UT WOS:000250606000004 ER PT J AU Lykken, J Mena, O Razzaque, S AF Lykken, Joseph Mena, Olga Razzaque, Soebur TI Ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux as a probe of large extra dimensions SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultra high energy photons and neutrinos; supernova neutrinos ID CONSTRAINTS; ABSORPTION AB A suppression in the spectrum of ultrahigh-energy (UHE, greater than or similar to 10(18) eV) neutrinos will be present in extra-dimensional scenarios, due to enhanced neutrino-anti-neutrino annihilation processes with the supernova relic neutrinos. In the n > 4 scenario, n being the number of extra dimensions, neutrinos cannot be responsible for the highest energy events observed in the UHE cosmic ray spectrum. A direct implication of these extra-dimensional interactions would be the absence of UHE neutrinos in ongoing and future neutrino telescopes. C1 [Lykken, Joseph] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Mena, Olga] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Razzaque, Soebur] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lykken, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lykken@fnal.gov; omena@fnal.gov; soeb@astro.psu.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 015 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/12/015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246FR UT WOS:000251993400003 ER PT J AU Martinez-Frias, J Aceves, SM Flowers, DL AF Martinez-Frias, Joel Aceves, Salvador M. Flowers, Daniel L. TI Improving ethanol life cycle energy efficiency by direct utilization of wet ethanol in HCCI engines SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new engine technology with fundamental differences over conventional engines. HCCI engines are intrinsically fuel flexible and can run on low-grade fuels as long as the fuel can be heated to the point of ignition. In particular HCCI engines can run on "wet ethanol:" ethanol-in-water mixtures with high concentration of water Considering that much of the energy required for processing fermented ethanol is spent in distillation and dehydration, direct use of wet ethanol in HCCI engines considerably shifts the energy balance in favor of ethanol. The results of the paper show that a HCCI engine with efficient heat recovery can operate on a mixture of 35% ethanol and 65% water by volume while achieving a high brake thermal efficiency (38.7%) and very low NOx (1.6 ppm, clean enough to meet any existing or oncoming emissions standards). Direct utilization of ethanol at a 35% volume fraction reduces water separation cost to only 3% of the energy of ethanol and coproducts (versus 37% for producing pure ethanol) and improves the net energy gain from 21% to 55% of the energy of ethanol and coproducts. Wet ethanol utilization is a promising concept that merits more detailed analysis and experimental evaluation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aceves, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mail Stop L-644, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM saceves@llnl.gov RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1115/1.2794768 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 238HD UT WOS:000251437200007 ER PT J AU Glaser, RE Lee, CL Nitao, JJ Hickling, TL Hanley, WG AF Glaser, Ronald E. Lee, Christopher L. Nitao, John J. Hickling, Tracy L. Hanley, William G. TI Markov chain Monte Carlo-based method for flaw detection in beams SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Markov chains; Monte Carlo method; Bayesian analysis; structural models; damage; cantilevers ID BAYESIAN PROBABILISTIC APPROACH AB A Bayesian inference methodology using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling procedure is presented for estimating the parameters of computational structural models. This methodology combines prior information, measured data, and forward models to produce a posterior distribution for the system parameters of structural models that is most consistent with all available data. The MCMC procedure is based upon a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm that is shown to function effectively with noisy data, incomplete data sets, and mismatched computational nodes/measurement points. A series of numerical test cases based upon a cantilever beam is presented. The results demonstrate that the algorithm is able to estimate model parameters utilizing experimental data for the nodal displacements resulting from specified forces. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Secur Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Franklin W Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA USA. RP Hanley, WG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Secur Engn Div, Box 808,L-154, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hanley3@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1258 EP 1267 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:12(1258) PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 233CY UT WOS:000251069200002 ER PT J AU Hertzog, RC White, TA Straley, C AF Hertzog, Russel C. White, Timothy A. Straley, Christian TI Using NMR decay-time measurements to monitor and characterize DNAPL and moisture in subsurface porous media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RELAXATION; WATER; WETTABILITY; ROCKS; OIL; DIFFUSION; PROTONS; FLUIDS AB Knowing how environmental properties affect dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) solvent flow in the subsurface is essential for developing models of flow and transport in the vadose zone necessary for designing remediation and long-term stewardship strategies. For example, one must know if solvents are flowing in water-wetted or solvent-wetted environments, the pore-size distribution of the region containing DNAPLs, and the impact of contaminated plumes and their transport mechanisms in porous media. Our research investigates the capability and limitations of low-held proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation decay-rate measurements for determining environmental properties affecting DNAPL solvent flow in the subsurface. The measurements that can be performed with the laboratory low-field system can also be performed in situ in the field with the current generation of commercial borehole logging tools. The oil and gas industry uses NMR measurements in deep subsurface, consolidated formations to determine porosity and hydrocarbon content and to estimate formation permeability. These determinations rely on the ability of NMR to distinguish between water and hydrocarbons in the pore space and to obtain the distribution of pore sizes from relaxation decay-rate distributions. In this paper, we will show how NMR measurement techniques can be used to characterize, monitor, and evaluate the dynamics of mixed fluids (water-DNAPL) in unconsolidated near-surface porous environments, and describe the use of proton NMR T-2 (spin-spin relaxation time) measurements in unconsolidated sandy-soil samples to identify and characterize the presence of DNAPLs in these environments. The potential of NMR. decay-rate distributions for characterizing DNAPL fluids in the subsurface and understanding their flow mechanisms has not previously been exploited; however, near-surface unsaturated vadose zone environments do provide unique challenges for using NMR measurements. These challenges are addressed through systematic laboratory experiments and a program of research to extend and adapt current field NMR measurements to near-surface environmental problems. C1 [Hertzog, Russel C.; White, Timothy A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Straley, Christian] Schlumberger Doll Res Lab, Ridgefield, CT USA. RP White, TA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM timothy.white@inl.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.2113/JEEG12.4.293 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 239NC UT WOS:000251524000001 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Drikakis, D AF Grinstein, Fernando F. Drikakis, Dimitris TI Computing turbulent flow dynamics with implicit large eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Drikakis, Dimitris] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1481 EP 1482 DI 10.1115/1.2822659 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200001 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C AF Grinstein, Fernando F. Fureby, Christer TI On flux-limiting-based implicit large eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE LES; implicit LES; limiting; nonoscillatory; modified equation ID TAYLOR-GREEN VORTEX; HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; 3-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; SHEAR FLOWS; TRANSPORT; UNSTEADY; DECAY; MODEL; LES AB Recent progress in understanding the theoretical basis and effectiveness of implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) is reviewed in both incompressible and compressible flow regimes. We use a modified equation analysis to show that the leading-order truncation error terms introduced by certain hybrid high resolution methods provide implicit subgrid scale (SGS) models similar in form to those of conventional mixed SGS models. Major properties of the implicit SGS model are related to the choice of high-order and loworder scheme components, the choice of a flux limiter which determines how these schemes are blended locally depending on the flow, and the designed balance of the dissipation and dispersion contributions to the numerical solution. Comparative tests of ILES and classical LES in the Taylor-Green vortex case show robustness in capturing established theoretical findings for transition and turbulence decay. C1 [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fureby, Christer] Swedish Def Res Acad, FOI, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrinstein@lanl.gov; fureby@foi.se NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1483 EP 1492 DI 10.1115/1.2801684 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200002 ER PT J AU Rider, WJ AF Rider, William J. TI Effective subgrid modeling from the ILES simulation of compressible turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE implicit large eddy simulation; modified equation; Navier-Stokes; finite volume equations ID HIGH-RESOLUTION METHODS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; IMPLICIT LES; FLOW AB Implicit large eddy simulation (ILES), has provided many computer simulations with an efficient and effective model for turbulence. The capacity for ILES has been shown to arise from a broad class of numerical methods with specific properties producing nonoscillatory solutions using limiters that provide these methods with nonlinear stability. The use of modified equation has allowed us to understand the mechanisms behind the efficacy of ILES as a model. Much of the understanding of the ILES modeling has proceeded in the realm of incompressible flows. Here, we extend this analysis to compressible flows. While the general conclusions are consistent with our previous findings, the compressible case has several important distinctions. Like the incompressible analysis, the ILES of compressible flow is dominated by an effective self-similarity model (Bardina, J., Ferziger J. H., and Reynolds, W C, 1980, "Improved Subgrid Scale Models for Large Eddy Simulations, " AIAA Paper No. 80-1357; Borne, V, and Orszag, S. A., 1998, "Local Energy Flux and Subgrid-Scale Statistics in Three Dimensional Turbulence, " J. Fluid Mech., 366, pp. 1-31; Meneveau, C., and Katz, J., 2000, "Scale-Invariance and Turbulence Models for Large-Eddy Simulations, " Annu. Rev. Fluid. Mech., 32, pp. 1-32). Here, we focus on one of these issues, the form of the effective subgrid model for the conservation of mass equations. In the mass equation, the leading order model is a self-similarity model acting on the joint gradients of density and velocity. The dissipative ILES model results from the limiter and upwind differencing resulting in effects proportional to the acoustic modes in the flow as well as the convective effects. We examine the model in several limits including the incompressible limit. This equation differs from the standard form found in the classical Navier-Stokes equations, but generally follows the form suggested by Brenner (2005, "Navier-Stokes Revisited, " Physica A, 349(1-2), pp. 60-133) in a modification of Navier-Stokes necessary to successfully reproduce some experimentally measured phenomena. The implications of these developments are discussed in relation to the usual turbulence modeling approaches. C1 [Rider, William J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rider, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wjrider@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1496 DI 10.1115/1.2801680 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200003 ER PT J AU Patnaik, G Boris, JP Young, TR Grinstein, FF AF Patnaik, Gopal Boris, Jay P. Young, Theodore R. Grinstein, Fernando F. TI Large scale urban contaminant transport Simulations with miles SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE urban CFD; MILES; LES; urban aerodynamics ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT-FLOW; MODEL AB Airborne contaminant transport in cities presents challenging new requirements for computational fluid dynamics. The unsteady flow involves very complex geometry and insufficiently characterized boundary conditions, and yet the challenging and timely nature of the overall problem demands that the turbulence be included efficiently with an absolute minimum of extra memory and computing time requirements. This paper describes the monotone integrated large eddy simulation methodology used in NRL's FAST3D-CT (CT is contaminant transport) simulation model for urban CT and focuses on critical validation issues that need to be addressed to achieve practical predictability Progress in validation studies benchmarking with flow data from wind-tunnel urban model simulations and actual urban field studies are reported. Despite inherent physical uncertainties and current model tradeoffs, it is clearly possible to achieve some degree of reliable prediction. C1 [Patnaik, Gopal; Boris, Jay P.; Young, Theodore R.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patnaik@lcp.nri.navy.mil; boris@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; young@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; fgrinstein@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1532 DI 10.1115/1.2801368 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200007 ER PT J AU Smolarkiewicz, PK Margolin, LG Wyszogrodzki, AA AF Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K. Margolin, Len G. Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej A. TI Implicit large-eddy simulation in meteorology: From boundary layers to climate SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE turbulence; large-eddy simulation; finite-difference methods for fluids; subgrid-scale models ID ADVECTION TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS; MODELS; MPDATA; FLUIDS AB The dynamics of the atmosphere and oceans pose a severe challenge to the numerical modeler due in large part to the broad range of scales of length and time that are encompassed. Modem numerical methods based on nonoscillatory finite volume (NFV) approximations provide a simple and effective means for mitigating this challenge by reproducing the large scale behavior of turbulent flows with no need for explicit subgrid-scale models. In this paper, we describe the remarkable properties of a particular NFV model, multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm, and highlight its application to a variety of meteorological and turbulent flows. C1 [Smolarkiewicz, Piotr K.; Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Margolin, Len G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smolarkiewicz, PK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM smolar@ucar.edu; len@lanl.gov; andii@ucar.edu RI Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej/M-1772-2014 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1533 EP 1539 DI 10.1115/1.2801678 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200008 ER PT J AU Ionescu, L White, C Cheung, KH Shuai, J Parker, I Pearson, JE Foskett, JK Mak, DOD AF Ionescu, Lucian White, Carl Cheung, King-Ho Shuai, Jianwei Parker, Ian Pearson, John E. Foskett, J. Kevin Mak, Don-On Daniel TI Mode switching is the major mechanism of ligand regulation of InsP(3) receptor calcium release channels SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS; CARDIAC RYANODINE RECEPTORS; CULTURED RAT MUSCLE; CA2+ RELEASE; 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE INSP(3); IP3 RECEPTORS; INTRACELLULAR STORES; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; PERMEATION PATHWAY AB The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) receptor (InsP(3)R) plays a critical role in generation of complex Ca2+ Signals in many cell types. In patch clamp recordings of isolated nuclei from insect Sf9 cells, InsP(3)R channels were consistently detected with regulation by cytoplasmic InsP(3) and free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+](i)) very similar to that observed for vertebrate InsP(3)R. Long channel activity durations of the Sf9-InsP(3)R have now enabled identification of a novel aspect of InsP(3)R gating: modal gating. Using a novel algorithm to analyze channel modal gating kinetics, InsP(3)R gating can be separated into three distinct modes: a low activity mode, a fast kinetic mode, and a burst mode with channel open probability (P-0) within each mode of 0.007 +/- 0.002, 0.24 +/- 0.03, and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively. Channels reside in each mode for long periods (tens of opening and closing events), and transitions between modes can be discerned with high resolution (within two channel opening and closing events). Remarkably, regulation of channel gating by [Ca2+](i) and [InsP(3)] does not substantially alter channel P-0 within a mode. Instead, [Ca2+]i and [InsP(3)] affect overall channel P-0 primarily by changing the relative probability of the channel being in each mode, especially the high and low P-0 modes. This novel observation therefore reveals modal switching as the major mechanism of physiological regulation of InsP(3)R channel activity, with implications for the kinetics of Ca2+ release events in cells. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foskett, JK (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM foskett@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Cheung, King Ho/B-3424-2011; Shuai, Jianwei/G-3371-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Foskett, J. Kevin/0000-0002-8854-0268 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 074999, R01 GM056328, R01 GM065830, R01 GM074999, GM 65830]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 059937, R01 MH059937] NR 70 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1295 J9 J GEN PHYSIOL JI J. Gen. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 130 IS 6 BP 631 EP 645 DI 10.1085/jgp.200709859 PG 15 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 239IM UT WOS:000251512000009 PM 17998395 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, V Czech, B Larjo, K Marolf, D Simon, J AF Balasubramanian, Vijay Czech, Barttorniej Larjo, Klaus Marolf, Donald Simon, Joan TI Quantum geometry and gravitational entropy SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AdS-CFT correspondence; black holes in string theory; gauge-gravity correspondence AB Most quantum states have wavefunctions that are widely spread over the accessible Hilbert space and hence do not have a good description in terms of a single classical geometry. In order to understand when geometric descriptions are possible, we exploit the AdS/CFT correspondence in the half-BPS sector of asymptotically AdS(5) X S-5 universes. In this sector we devise a "coarse-grained metric operator" whose eigenstates are well described by a single spacetime topology and geometry. We show that such half-BPS universes have a non-vanishing entropy if and only if the metric is singular, and that the entropy arises from coarse-graining the geometry. Finally, we use our entropy formula to find the most entropic spacetimes with fixed asymptotic moments beyond the global charges. C1 [Balasubramanian, Vijay; Czech, Barttorniej; Larjo, Klaus] Univ Penn, Daviv Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Marolf, Donald] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Simon, Joan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Simon, Joan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Daviv Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM vijay@physics.upenn.edu; czech@sas.upenn.edu; klarjo@physics.upenn.edu; marolf@physics.ucsb.edu; JSimonSoler@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 067 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 249RD UT WOS:000252246500067 ER PT J AU Becher, T Boos, H Lunghi, E AF Becher, Thomas Boos, Heike Lunghi, Enrico TI Kinetic corrections to (B)over-bar -> X(c)l(nu)over-bar at one loop SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE heavy quark physics; B-physics; quark masses and SM parameters; weak decays ID B-MESON DECAYS; INCLUSIVE SEMILEPTONIC-B; HEAVY-QUARK DECAY; PERTURBATIVE CORRECTIONS; SPECTRAL MOMENTS; LEPTON SPECTRUM; HADRON SPECTRA; VERTICAL-BAR; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We evaluate the one-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the kinetic operator in the operator product expansion of the differential B -> X(c)l (nu) over bar decay rate. With a moderate cut on the lepton energy, the one-loop terms change the kinetic operator contributions to spectral moments by about 20%. This amounts to a small correction for leptonic and hadronic moments, except for those which vanish at the lowest order, where the effect can be sizable. Together with a two-loop calculation of the leading-power rate and an evaluation of the one-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the chromo-magnetic operator, our results will allow for a high-precision determination of vertical bar V-cb vertical bar and the b- and c-quark masses. C1 [Becher, Thomas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Boos, Heike] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM becher@fnal.gov; boos@hep.physik.uni-siegen.de; lunghi@fnal.gov NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 062 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 249RD UT WOS:000252246500062 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Ellis, RK Zanderighi, G AF Campbell, John M. Ellis, R. Keith Zanderighi, Giulia TI Next-to-leading order predictions for WW plus jet distributions at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs physics; NLO computations; QCD; hadronic colliders ID HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; LOOP ZGG VERTEX; HADRON COLLIDERS; QCD CORRECTIONS; COLLISIONS; LOOPTOOLS; MOMENTUM; FORMCALC AB We present numerical results for the production of a W+W- pair in association with a jet at the LHC in QCD at next-to-leading order (NLO). We include effects of the decay of the massive vector bosons into leptons with spin correlations and contributions from the third generation of massive quarks. The calculation is performed using a semi-numerical method for the virtual corrections, and is implemented in MCFM. In addition to its importance per se as a test of the Standard Model, this process is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson and to many new physics searches. As an example, we study the impact of NLO corrections to W+W-+ jet production on the search for a Higgs boson at the LHC. C1 [Campbell, John M.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ellis, R. Keith] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zanderighi, Giulia] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM j.campbell@physics.gla.ac.uk; ellis@fnal.gov; g.zanderighi1@physics.ox.ac.uk NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 056 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 249RD UT WOS:000252246500056 ER PT J AU Hertzberg, MP Kachru, S Taylor, W Tegmark, M AF Hertzberg, Mark P. Kachru, Shamit Taylor, Washington Tegmark, Max TI Inflationary constraints on type IIA string theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supergravity models; cosmology of theories beyond the SM; dS vacua in string theory; flux compactifications ID FLUX COMPACTIFICATIONS; BRANE INFLATION; COSMOLOGY; ORIENTIFOLDS; DIMENSIONS; SYMMETRY; FLATNESS; UNIVERSE; HORIZON AB We prove that inflation is forbidden in the most well understood class of semi-realistic type IIA string compactifications: Calabi-Yau compactifications with only standard NS-NS 3-form flux, R-R fluxes, D6-branes and O6-planes at large volume and small string coupling. With these ingredients, the first slow-roll parameter satisfies (epsilon >= (27)(13) whenever V > 0, ruling out both inflation (including brane/anti-brane inflation) and de Sitter vacua in this limit. Our proof is based on the dependence of the 4-dimensional potential on the volume and dilaton moduli in the presence of fluxes and branes. We also describe broader classes of IIA models which may include cosmologies with inflation and/or de Sitter vacua. The inclusion of extra ingredients, such as NS 5-branes and geometric or non-geometric NS-NS fluxes, evades the assumptions used in deriving the no-go theorem. We focus on NS 5-branes and outline how such ingredients may prove fruitful for cosmology, but we do not provide an explicit model. We contrast the results of our IIA analysis with the rather different situation in IIB. C1 [Hertzberg, Mark P.; Taylor, Washington; Tegmark, Max] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kachru, Shamit] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kachru, Shamit] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hertzberg, MP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mphertz@mit.edu; skachru@stanford.edu; wati@mit.edu; tegmark@mit.edu NR 73 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 095 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 249RD UT WOS:000252246500095 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG AF Hewett, JoAnne L. Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Collider signals of gravitational fixed points SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE models of quantum gravity; beyond standard model ID HIGHER-ORDER GRAVITY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; DARK ENERGY; PARTICLE PHYSICS; NEWTONIAN LIMIT; HIERARCHY; MILLIMETER; MODELS; SCALAR AB Recent studies have shown that the poor perturbative behavior of General Relativity in the ultraviolet regime may be ameliorated by the existence of a non-Gaussian fixed point which renders the theory asymptotically safe and possibly non-perturbatively renormalizable. This results in a running of the (effective) gravitational coupling such that gravity becomes weaker at high energies. We parameterize this effective coupling with a form factor and study its consequences at the LHC and ILC in models with large extra dimensions or warped extra dimensions. We find significant effects in the processes of Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton exchange or resonant KK graviton production in both the Drell-Yan reaction as well as in e(+)e(-) --> f (f) over bar. On the otherhand, processes leading to KK graviton emission show qualitatively less sensitivity to the presence of a form factor. In addition, we examine tree-level perturbative unitarity in 2 --> 2 gravity-mediated scattering and find that this form factor produces a far better behaved amplitude at large center of mass energies. C1 [Hewett, JoAnne L.; Rizzo, Thomas G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hewett@slac.stanford.edu; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 IS 12 AR 009 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 249RD UT WOS:000252246500009 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ Bobrovnik, SA AF Stevens, F. J. Bobrovnik, S. A. TI Deconvolution of antibody affinities and concentrations by non-linear regression analysis of competitive ELISA data SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE antibody; antisera; affinity; polyclonality ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BINDING-AFFINITY; TRUE AFFINITY; ANTIGEN; CONSTANTS; SYSTEM AB Physiological responses of the adaptive immune system are polyclonal in nature whether induced by a naturally occurring infection, by vaccination to prevent infection or, in the case of animals, by challenge with antigen to generate reagents of research or commercial significance. The composition of the polyclonal responses is distinct to each individual or animal and changes over time. Differences exist in the affinities of the constituents and their relative proportion of the responsive population. In addition, some of the antibodies bind to different sites on the antigen, whereas other pairs of antibodies are sterically restricted from concurrent interaction with the antigen. Even if generation of a monoclonal antibody is the ultimate goal of a project, the quality of the resulting reagent is ultimately related to the characteristics of the initial immune response. It is probably impossible to quantitatively parse the composition of a polyclonal response to antigen. However, molecular regression allows further parameterization of a polyclonal antiserum in the context of certain simplifying assumptions. The antiserum is described as consisting of two competing populations of high- and low-affinity and unknown relative proportions. This simple model allows the quantitative determination of representative affinities and proportions. These parameters may be of use in evaluating responses to vaccines, to evaluating continuity of antibody production whether in vaccine recipients or animals used for the production of antisera, or in optimizing selection of donors for the production of monoclonal antibodies. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Palladin Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Immunol, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2007.08.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 239AV UT WOS:000251490900006 PM 17884083 ER PT J AU Oh, SW Park, SH Jung, E Bae, YC Sun, YK AF Oh, Sung Woo Park, Sang-Ho Jung, E. Bae, Young Chan Sun, Yang-Kook TI Improved high-rate capability of Li[Ni0.5CoyMn1.5-y]O4-zFz spinel materials for 5 V lithium secondary batteries SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high rate property; 5 V spinel; fluorine doping; cobalt doping; cathode materials ID ULTRASONIC SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; LI-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; SUBSTITUTION; PERFORMANCE; FLUORINE; LIMN2O4; MN AB The effects of substituting cobalt and fluorine for manganese and oxygen on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni0.5CoyMn1.5-y]O4-zFz cathode materials were studied. The pure phase Li[Ni0.5Coy Mn1.5-y]O4-zFz (y = 0 - 1.0, z = 0 - 0.1) spinel materials were successfully synthesized at 900 degrees C by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The Li[Ni0.5CoyMn1.5-y]O4-zFz (y = 0 - 1.0, z = 0 - 0.1) powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectra (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and galvanostatic charge/discharge testing. The cobalt and fluorine substitutions were effective for improving the high current discharge capability, even though the electrode was cycled with a discharge current density of 1,350 mA g(-1)(10 C-rate). C1 [Oh, Sung Woo; Bae, Young Chan; Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Ctr Infomat & Commun Mat, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Park, Sang-Ho] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jung, E.] Dong Eui Univ, Dept Digital Culture & Contents, Pusan 614714, South Korea. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Ctr Infomat & Commun Mat, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN SOC INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY PI SEOUL PA A-803 TWIN BLDG, 275-3, YANGJAE-DONG, SEOCHO-KU, SEOUL 137-130, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-086X J9 J IND ENG CHEM JI J. Ind. Eng. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1174 EP 1179 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 252MV UT WOS:000252451500020 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Small, MJ AF McKone, Thomas E. Small, Mitchell J. TI Integrated environmental assessment - Part III: Exposure assessment SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTAKE FRACTIONS; POPULATION C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Small, MJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Porter Hall 119,Frew St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ms35@andrew.cmu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1162/jiec.2007.1166 PG 4 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139LP UT WOS:000244433600002 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZD Martino, A Faulon, JL AF Zhang, Zhaoduo Martino, Anthony Faulon, Jean-Loup TI Identification of expression patterns of IL-2-responsive genes in the murine T cell line CTLL-2 SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIGNALING PATHWAYS; TARGET GENES; BETA-CHAIN; IL-2; INTERLEUKIN-2; LYMPHOCYTES; INVOLVEMENT; BIOLOGY; KINASE AB Interleukin-2 (IL-2) influences T cell proliferation and differentiation through regulation of a number of genes. Many such genes are known, yet their expression profiles have remained elusive. Using Affymetrix mouse genome arrays and the mouse T cell line CTLL-2, we studied the transcriptional response to IL-2 stimulation. A total of 2813 genes (represented by 3838 probes) showed >= 2-fold changes in expression level at one or more time points (10 were analyzed) during the first 24 h poststimulation. Cluster analyses indicated that these 2813 genes showed nine different expression patterns. Of these genes, approximately 1400 were not previously known to be regulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2). In the control, 666 genes with >= 2-fold changes at the mRNA level were identified in cells without IL-2 stimulation; 222 of them were among the 2813 IL-2-responsive genes. Possibly, the expression of these genes was altered because of changes in cell density or cell growth rate. The newly identified IL-2-responsive genes play roles in a variety of biologic processes, including signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and transcription. Our data will be useful for studying biochemical events in IL-2 signaling. C1 [Zhang, Zhaoduo] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Martino, Anthony] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Aanlysis & Imaging Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Faulon, Jean-Loup] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biosci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhang, ZD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, POB 969,MS 9291, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zzhang@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 12 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1089/jir.2006.0169 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 248WD UT WOS:000252187000003 PM 18184039 ER PT J AU Sysak, MN Raring, JW Barton, JS Poulsen, HN Blumenthal, DJ Coldren, LA AF Sysak, Matthew N. Raring, James W. Barton, Jonathon S. Poulsen, Henrik N. Blumenthal, Daniel J. Coldren, Larry A. TI A 10-Gb/s monolithically integrated filterless InGaAsP/InP widely tunable wavelength converter with conversion gain SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monolithic integrated circuits; optoelectronic devices; wavelength conversion; wavelength-division multiplexing ID SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATOR; SCHEME; LASERS; POWER AB In this paper, we present the details of a mono-lithically integrated filterless wavelength converter based on photocurrent-driven technology. The device consists of an integrated tunable laser transmitter and an optical receiver. The transmitter includes a sampled-grating, distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, an electroabsorption modulator, and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The optical receiver employs two semiconductor optical amplifiers and a quantum-well p-i-n photodetector. The wavelength converter is characterized at 10 Gb/s over a variety of bias conditions at various input-power levels in various digital-system experiments. Bit-error-rate measurements at 10 Gb/s over an output tuning range of 32 nm between 1531 and 1563 In show power penalties less than 1 dB. Similar experiments over an input wavelength range of 25 nm from 1535 to 1560 nm show a power penalty less than 2.5 dB. For a wavelength conversion from 1548 nm to a range of output wavelengths between 1531 and 1563 nm, the facet-to-facet gain ranges from 9 to 13 dB, neglecting fiber coupling losses. C1 [Sysak, Matthew N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ultrafast Optoelect Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Raring, James W.] Sandia Natl Labs, RF Optoelect Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Barton, Jonathon S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Poulsen, Henrik N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Opt Commun & Photon Network Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blumenthal, Daniel J.; Coldren, Larry A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sysak, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ultrafast Optoelect Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM mnsysak@engineering.ucsb.edu; jarring@engineering.ucsb.edu; jsbarton@ece.ucsb.edu; Henrik@ece.ucsb.edu; danb@ece.ucsb.edu; coldren@ece.ucsb.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 25 IS 12 BP 3748 EP 3759 DI 10.1109/JLT.2007.909333 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 245OA UT WOS:000251943600012 ER PT J AU Kleiner, R Koelle, D Clarke, J AF Kleiner, Reinhold Koelle, Dieter Clarke, John TI A numerical treatment of the rf SQUID: I. General properties and noise energy SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rf SQUIDs; magnetometer; superconductor; numerical simulations; noise ID SIGNAL TRANSFER; DC SQUID; OPTIMIZATION; INTERFEROMETERS; INTERFERENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; JUNCTIONS AB We investigate the characteristics and noise performance of rf Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) by solving the corresponding Langevin equations numerically and optimizing the model parameters with respect to noise energy. After introducing the basic concepts of the numerical simulations, we give a detailed discussion of the performance of the SQUID as a function of all relevant parameters. The best performance is obtained in the crossover region between the dispersive and dissipative regimes, characterized by an inductance parameter beta'(L) 2 pi LI(0)/Phi(0) approximate to 1; L is the loop inductance, I(0) the critical current of the Josephson junction, and Phi(0) the flux quantum. In this regime, the lowest (intrinsic) values of noise energy are a factor of about 2 above previous estimates based on analytical approaches. However, several other analytical predictions, such as the inverse proportionality of the noise energy on the tank circuit quality factor and the square of the coupling coefficient between the tank circuit and the SQUID loop, could not be well reproduced. The optimized intrinsic noise energy of the rf SQUID is superior to that of the dc SQUID at all temperatures. Although for technologically achievable parameters this advantage shrinks, particularly at low thermal fluctuation levels, we give examples for realistic parameters that lead to a noise energy comparable to that of the dc SQUID even in this regime. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kleiner, R (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM kleiner@uni-tuebingen.de RI Koelle, Dieter/E-5111-2011 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 149 IS 5-6 BP 230 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9511-x PG 31 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 224JC UT WOS:000250442300003 ER PT J AU Kleiner, R Koelle, D Clarke, J AF Kleiner, Reinhold Koelle, Dieter Clarke, John TI A numerical treatment of the rf SQUID: II. Noise temperature SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rf SQUIDs; magnetometer; superconductor; numerical simulations; noise; noise temperature AB We investigate rf SQUIDs (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices), coupled to a resonant input circuit, a readout tank circuit and a preamplifier, by numerically solving the corresponding Langevin equations. The quantity of interest is the noise temperature T-N . We use an analytical expression T-N0,T-opt, which is already optimized for the parameters of the input circuit, and vary the model parameters of the remaining circuit to minimize T-N0,T-opt. We also compare T-N0,T-opt to numerical simulations of the full circuit and find good agreement. The best device performance is obtained when beta'(L) 2 pi LI0/Phi(0) is in the range 0.5-0.9; L is the SQUID inductance, I (0) the junction critical current and Phi(0) the flux quantum. For a tuned input circuit we find an optimal noise temperature T-N0,T-opt approximate to 3Tf/f(c) , where T, f and f(c) denote temperature, signal frequency and junction characteristic frequency, respectively. This value is close to the optimal noise temperatures obtained by approximate analytical theories carried out previously in the limit beta'(L) less than or similar to 1. We study the dependence of T-N0,T-opt on various model parameters away from their optimum values, and often find much lower values of T-N0,T-opt than predicted by the analytical theory. We finally discuss implications for devices that can be implemented experimentally. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kleiner, R (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM kleiner@uni-tuebingen.de RI Koelle, Dieter/E-5111-2011 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 149 IS 5-6 BP 261 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9512-9 PG 33 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 224JC UT WOS:000250442300004 ER PT J AU Shea-Rohwer, LE Martin, JE AF Shea-Rohwer, Lauren E. Martin, James E. TI Luminescence decay of broadband emission from CdS quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE stretched exponential decay; photoluminescence; CdS quantum dots; quantum yield; lifetime; alkanethiols; photolysis; reverse micelles; thermal quenching; white emission ID REVERSE-MICELLE METHOD; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; CADMIUM-SULFIDE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT; CLUSTERS AB The stretched exponential photoluminescence decay of the energy-resolved broadband emission of purified and unpurified CdS quantum dots (QDs) made in reverse micelles is characterized as a function of photolysis time and thiol addition. Photolysis is found to proportionately increase both the lifetime and quantum yield of these QDs. This proportionality is consistent with a simple parallel channel model of the decay of the excited states. The ultimate QY of the purified sample is found to be as high as 24%, which is twice that previously reported for this preparation. At -70 degrees C both the QY and the lifetime increase by more than a factor of two, indicating that thermal quenching limits the QY at room temperature. Finally, the addition of alkanethiols is shown to red-shift and quench the emission while only modestly altering the lifetime. These thiolated QDs show an extremely large temperature dependence of QY, demonstrating stronger thermal quenching than the unfunctionalized QDs. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shea-Rohwer, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM leshea@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 127 IS 2 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2007.02.061 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212AZ UT WOS:000249567300035 ER PT J AU Hellwig, O Berger, A Kortright, JB Fullerton, EE AF Hellwig, Olav Berger, Andreas Kortright, Jeffrey B. Fullerton, Eric E. TI Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE layered antiferromagnet; perpendicular anisotropy; domain structure; reversal mechanism; AF exchange coupling; stripe domain ID SURFACE SPIN-FLOP; DOUBLE-SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURES; EXCHANGE-BIAS; X-RAY; CO/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; CO/RU SUPERLATTICES; UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPY; STRIPE DOMAINS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; THIN-FILMS AB We describe experimental and theoretical investigations of the magnetic domain formation and the field reversal behavior in antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy multilayers that mimic A-type antiferromagnet (AF) structures. The samples are sputter deposited Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy that are periodically interleaved with Ru to mediate an antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange. This structure allows precise tuning of the different magnetic energy terms involved. Using various magnetometry and magnetic imaging techniques as well as resonant soft X-ray scattering we provide a comprehensive study of the remanent and demagnetized con. gurations as well as the corresponding reversal mechanisms. We find that adding AF exchange to perpendicular anisotropy system alters the typical energy balance that controls magnetic stripe domain formation, thus resulting in two competing reversal modes for the composite system. In the AF-exchange dominated regime the magnetization is ferromagnetically ordered within the film plane with the magnetization of adjacent layers anti-parallel thus minimizing the interlayer AF exchange energy. In the dipolar dominated regime the magnetization pattern forms ferromagnetic ( FM) stripe domains where adjacent layers are vertically correlated, but laterally anti-correlated thus minimizing the dipolar energy at the expense of the AF interlayer coupling. By tuning the layer thickness or applying a magnetic field, we observed the co-existence of AF domains and FM stripe domains. We find that a FM phase exists at AF domain boundaries, causing complex mesoscopic domain patterns with surprising reversibility during minor loop field cycling. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hellwig, Olav; Berger, Andreas; Fullerton, Eric E.] San Jose Res Ctr, Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Kortright, Jeffrey B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fullerton, Eric E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hellwig, O (reprint author), San Jose Res Ctr, Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. EM olav.hellwig@hitachigst.com RI Gao, Jinlong/C-1489-2010; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013; Berger, Andreas/D-3706-2015 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509; Berger, Andreas/0000-0001-5865-6609 NR 123 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 16 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 319 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035 PG 43 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 282HM UT WOS:000254558500004 ER PT J AU Gauffier, A Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Hou, PY AF Gauffier, A. Saiz, E. Tomsia, A. P. Hou, P. Y. TI The wetting behavior of NiAl and NiPtAl on polycrystalline alumina SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; OXIDE ADHERENCE; AL ALLOYS; SURFACE; SEGREGATION; INTERFACES; ADDITIONS; PLATINUM; COATINGS AB In order to understand the beneficial effect of Pt on the adherence of thermally grown alumina scales, sessile drop experiments were performed to study the wetting of poly-crystalline alumina by nickel-aluminum alloys with or without platinum addition ranging from 2.4 to 10 at%. Subsequent interfacial morphology was examined using atomic force microscopy. Platinum addition enhances the wettability of NiAl alloys on alumina, reduces the oxide/alloy interface energy and increases the interfacial mass transport rates. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Mines Albi Carmaux, Albi 09, France. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PYHou@lbl.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 23 BP 9524 EP 9528 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2093-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 213HM UT WOS:000249657500004 ER PT J AU Reddy, KM Hays, J Kundu, S Dua, LK Biswas, PK Wang, C Shutthanandan, V Engelhard, MH Mathew, X Punnoose, A AF Reddy, K. M. Hays, J. Kundu, S. Dua, L. K. Biswas, P. K. Wang, C. Shutthanandan, V. Engelhard, M. H. Mathew, X. Punnoose, A. TI Effect of Mn doping on the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of indium tin oxide films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GLASS; ZNO AB We report on the preparation and characterization of high purity manganese (3-9 wt.%) doped indium tin oxide (ITO, In:Sn = 90:10) films deposited by sol-gel mediated dip coating. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction showed high phase purity cubic In2O3 and indicated a contraction of the lattice with Mn doping. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy depicted a uniform distribution of similar to 20 nm sized independent particles and particle induced x-ray emission studies confirmed the actual Mn ion concentration. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance measurements showed band gap energy of 3.75 eV and a high degree of optical transparency (90%) in the 100-500 nm thick ITO films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core level binding energies for In 3d(5/2) (443.6 eV), Sn 3d(5/2) (485.6 eV) and Mn 2p(3/2) (640.2 eV) indicated the In3+, Sn4+ and Mn2+ oxidation states. Magnetic hysteresis loops recorded at 300 K yield a coercivity H-c similar to 80 Oe and saturation magnetization M-s similar to 0.39 mu(B)/Mn2+ ion. High-temperature magnetometry showed a Curie temperature T-c > 600 K for the 3.2% Mn doped ITO film. C1 Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Sol Gel Div, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Energia, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. RP Punnoose, A (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM apunnoos@boisestate.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1197 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9277-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 209RQ UT WOS:000249406100005 ER PT J AU Demmie, PN Silling, SA AF Demmie, Paul N. Silling, Stewart A. TI An approach to modeling extreme loading of structures using peridynamics SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE peridynamics; continuum mechanics; computational mechanics; solid mechanics; deformation; fracture; extreme loading ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; ELASTICITY; MECHANICS; BAR AB We address extreme loading of structures using peridynamics. The peridynamic model is a theory of continuum mechanics that is formulated in terms of integro-differential equations without spatial derivatives. It is a nonlocal theory whose equations remain valid regardless of fractures or other discontinuities that may emerge in a body due to loading. We review peridynamic theory and its implementation in the EMU computer code. We consider extreme loadings on reinforced concrete structures by impacts from massive objects. Peridynamic theory has been extended to model composite materials, fluids, and explosives. We discuss recent developments in peridynamic theory, including modeling gases as peridynamic materials and the detonation model in EMU. We then consider explosive loading of concrete structures. This work supports the conclusion that peridynamic theory is a physically reasonable and viable approach to modeling extreme loading of structures. C1 [Demmie, Paul N.; Silling, Stewart A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Demmie, PN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, POB 5800 MS 1322, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pndemmi@sandia.gov; sasilli@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1921 EP 1945 DI 10.2140/jomms.2007.2.1921 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 309CP UT WOS:000256438600004 ER PT J AU Flanagan, TB Wang, D Shanahan, KL AF Flanagan, Ted B. Wang, Da Shanahan, Kirk L. TI Diffusion of H through Pd membranes: Effects of non-ideality SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE H diffusion; Pd; non-ideality ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION; PALLADIUM; ALLOYS; DEUTERIUM; PERMEABILITY; SOLUBILITY; CO AB H diffusion constants, D-H, have been obtained from steady-state fluxes through Pd membranes with the downstream side maintained at p(H2) approximate to 0. Good linearity of plots of H flux versus (I/d), where d is the thickness, attests to H permeation being bulk diffusion controlled in this temperature (423-523 K) and p(H2) range (<= 0.2 MPa). D-H values have been determined at constant p(up) and also at constant H content. H fluxes through Pd membranes with three different surface treatments have been investigated (polished (unoxidized), oxidized and palladized) in order to determine the effects of these pre-treatments. The palladized and oxidized membranes give similar D-H values but the polished membranes give values about 12% lower. For diffusion in a concentration gradient J = -D-H*(c(H)/RT)(d mu(H)/dx) is the proper equation for the flux, where CH is the H concentration, rather than Fick's first law, J = -D-H(dc(H)/dx), where D-H and D-H* are the concentration-dependent and -independent diffusion constants. D-H* can be obtained from D-H using the thermodynamic factor, D-H(c(H)) = D-H*(partial derivative in p(H2)(1/2)/partial derivative ln c(H))(T). In the commonly employed situation, where there is a large difference in concentrations between the upstream and downstream sides of a membrane, the thermodynamic factor varies with distance through the membrane and this should be allowed for in obtaining D-H*. Procedures are given and utilized to determine D-H* from D-H(c(H)) when there is a large concentration gradient through the membrane. Activation energies for diffusion, E-D(c(H)), have been determined. E-D is found to increase with c(H), which is attributed to the thermodynamic factor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Flanagan, Ted B.; Wang, Da] Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Shanahan, Kirk L.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Flanagan, TB (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM ted.flanagan@uvm.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.032 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 242JZ UT WOS:000251722700008 ER PT J AU Iyoha, O Enick, R Killmeyer, R Howard, B Ciocco, M Morreale, B AF Iyoha, Osemwengie Enick, Robert Killmeyer, Richard Howard, Bret Ciocco, Michael Morreale, Bryan TI H-2 production from simulated coal syngas containing H2S in multi-tubular Pd and 80 wt% Pd-20 wt% Cu membrane reactors at 1173 K SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE palladium; palladium-copper; membrane reactor; water-gas shift reaction; equilibrium shift; hydrogen sulfide ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; PALLADIUM; HYDROGEN; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES AB 99.7% conversion of CO in a simulated syngas feed containing 53% CO, 35% H-2 and 12% CO2 was achieved via the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction in a counter-current Pd multi-tube membrane reactor (MR) at 1173 K and 2s residence time. This conversion is significantly greater than the 32% equilibrium conversion associated with a conventional (non-membrane) reactor primarily due to the high rate of H-2 extraction from the reaction zone through the Pd membranes at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, nearly complete H-2 recovery was attained in the permeate, resulting in the simultaneous production of a high-pressure CO2 (>99%) retentate stream after condensation of the steam. When Pd80wt%Cu tubes were used in the reactor, a significantly lower CO conversion of 68% was attained at comparable residence times, probably due to the lower H-2 permeance of the alloy. When H2S was added to the syngas feed and the H2S-to-H-2 ratio was maintained below the threshold required for thermodynamically stable sulfides to form, the Pd and Pd80wt%Cu MRs retained their mechanical integrity and H-2 selectivity, but a precipitous drop in CO conversion was observed due to deactivation of the catalytic surface. The Pd and Pd80wt%Cu MRs were observed to fail within minutes after increasing the H2S-to-H-2 ratio to levels above that expected for thermodynamically stable sulfides to form, as evidenced by rupturing of the membrane tubes. SEM-EDS analyses of the membranes suggested that at high H2S-to-H-2 ratios, the H2S compromised the mechanical integrity of the MRs by preferentially attacking the grain boundary region. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iyoha, Osemwengie; Enick, Robert] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Killmeyer, Richard; Howard, Bret; Morreale, Bryan] US DOE NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Ciocco, Michael] Parsons, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Iyoha, O (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM uyi_iyoha@praxair.com NR 17 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.035 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 242JZ UT WOS:000251722700011 ER PT J AU Coleman, JR Culley, DE Chrisler, WB Brockman, FJ AF Coleman, James R. Culley, David E. Chrisler, William B. Brockman, Fred J. TI MRNA-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of gram-negative bacteria without template amplification or tyramide signal amplification SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE florescent in situ hybridization (FISH); near-infrared (NIR); tyramide signal amplification (TSA); green fluorescent protein (GFP); mRNA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABAD PROMOTER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; VISUALIZATION; PROTEIN; CELLS; PCR; NETWORK; DYES AB Technologies are needed to study gene expression at the level of individual cells within a population or microbial community. Fluorescent in suit hybridization (FISH) supplies high-resolution spatial information and has been widely applied to study microbial communities at the rRNA level. While mRNA-targeted FISH has been popular for studying gene expression in eukaryotic cells, very little success has been achieved with prokaryotes. At present. detection of specific mRNAs in individual prokaryotic cells requires the use of in situ RT-PCR or tyramide signal amplification (TSA). In this study we used DNA oligonucleotide probes labeled with a single near-infrared dye in FISH assays to detect multicopy plasmid-based and endogenous mRNA molecules in Escherichia coli and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. We took advantage of the fact that there is much less background signal produced by biological materials and support matrices in the near-infrared spectrum and thus long camera exposure times could be used. In addition, we demonstrate that a combination of probes targeting both rRNA and mRNA could be successfully employed within the same FISH assay. These results, as well as ongoing R&D improvements in NIR and infrared dyes, indicate that the FISH approach we demonstrated could be applied in certain environmental settings to monitor gene expression in mixed populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Coleman, James R.; Culley, David E.; Chrisler, William B.; Brockman, Fred J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Culley, DE (reprint author), 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM david.culley@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.09.011 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 247LI UT WOS:000252080300010 PM 17949838 ER PT J AU Kao, J Wang, XL Warren, J Xu, J Attinger, D AF Kao, Jonathan Wang, Xiaolin Warren, John Xu, Jie Attinger, Daniel TI A bubble-powered micro-rotor: conception, manufacturing, assembly and characterization SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN AB A steady fluid flow, called microstreaming, can be generated in the vicinity of a micro-bubble excited by ultrasound. In this paper, we use this phenomenon to assemble and power a microfabricated rotor at rotation speeds as high as 625 rpm. The extractible power is estimated to be of the order of a few femtowatts. A first series of experiments with uncontrolled rotor shapes is presented, demonstrating the possibility of this novel actuation scheme. A second series of experiments with 65 mu m rotors micromanufactured in SU-8 resin is then presented. Variables controlling the rotation speed and rotor stability are investigated, such as the bubble diameter, the acoustic excitation frequency and amplitude and the rotor geometry. Finally, an outlook is provided on developing this micro-rotor into a MEMS-based motor capable of delivering tunable, infinitesimal rotary power at the microscale. C1 [Kao, Jonathan; Wang, Xiaolin] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wang, Xiaolin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Jie; Attinger, Daniel] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kao, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM da2203@columbia.edu RI Xu, Jie/A-5726-2009; attinger, daniel/I-7509-2012 OI Xu, Jie/0000-0001-5765-7431; attinger, daniel/0000-0002-2382-1149 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2454 EP 2460 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/17/12/010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 243AK UT WOS:000251767100010 ER PT J AU Chun, WJ Waldo, GS Johnson, GVW AF Chun, Wanjoo Waldo, Geoffrey S. Johnson, Gail V. W. TI Split GFP complementation assay: a novel approach to quantitatively measure aggregation of tau in situ: effects of GSK3 beta activation and caspase 3 cleavage SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE caspase-3; GSK3 beta; neurofibrillary tangles; pseudophosporylation; split GFP complementation; tau ID PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENTS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE PATHOLOGY; PROTEIN-TAU; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MICROTUBULE INTERACTIONS; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; TRANSGENIC MICE; MOUSE MODEL; PHOSPHORYLATION AB To quantitatively measure tau aggregation in situ, we established a cell model system using a split green fluorescence protein (GFP) complementation assay. In this assay the more aggregated the protein of interest the lower the GFP fluorescence. Tau microtubule-binding domain constructs, whose aggregation characteristics have been described previously (Khlistunova et al. 2006), were used to validate the assay. The aggregation-prone construct exhibited the lowest GFP intensity whereas the aggregation-resistant construct showed the highest GFP intensity. To examine the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta) activity and caspase 3 cleavage on tau aggregation, GFP complementation of full length (T4), caspase-cleaved (T4C3), and pseudophosphorylated at S396/S404 (T4-2EC) tau was examined in the presence of an active or a kinase-dead GSK3 beta. Extensive phosphorylation of T4 by GSK3 beta resulted in increased GFP intensity. T4C3 showed neither efficient phosphorylation nor a significant GFP intensity change by GSK3 beta. The GFP intensity of T4-2EC was significantly reduced by GSK3 beta accompanying its presence in the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction, thus demonstrating that T4-2EC was partitioning into aggregates. This indicates that if the majority of tau is phosphorylated at S396/S404, in combination with increased GSK3 beta activity, tau aggregation is favored. These data demonstrate that split GFP complementation may be a valuable approach to determine the aggregation process in living cells. C1 Univ Alabama, Med Sch Birmingham, Dept Psychiat, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Johnson, GVW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Anesthesiol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM gail_johnsonvoll@urmc.rochester.edu RI Johnson, Gail/K-4723-2012 OI Johnson, Gail/0000-0003-3464-0404 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS051279] NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2539 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04941.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 234WP UT WOS:000251195300035 PM 17908237 ER PT J AU Scovel, C Hush, D Steinwart, I AF Scovel, C. Hush, D. Steinwart, I. TI Approximate duality SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian duality; approximations; saddle points; Kuhn-Tucker conditions; support vector machines AB We extend the Lagrangian duality theory for convex optimization problems to incorporate approximate solutions. In particular, we generalize well-known relationships between minimizers of a convex optimization problem, maximizers of its Lagrangian dual, saddle points of the Lagrangian, Kuhn-Tucker vectors, and Kuhn-Tucker conditions to incorporate approximate versions. As an application, we show how the theory can be used for convex quadratic programming and then apply the results to support vector machines from learning theory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Scovel, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 429 EP 443 DI 10.1007/s10957-007-9281-2 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 231CA UT WOS:000250922900009 ER PT J AU Patrut, A Margineanu, D Lowy, DA Kogerlew, P Schmidtmann, M Bogge, H AF Patrut, A. Margineanu, D. Lowy, D. A. Koegerlew, P. Schmidtmann, M. Boegge, H. TI Spectroscopic, magnetic and crystal structure investigation of a new pseudo-Dawson nano-sized polyoxometalate cluster with mixed addenda SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polyoxometalate; metal cluster; FTIR spectroscopy; paramagnetism; X-ray structure ID X-RAY AB A new nano-sized polyoxometalate cluster was synthesized as a neutral salt. The cluster, which corresponds to the formula Na-2(NH4)(6)[(H3SbVW17O60)-V-III-W-IV]center dot 14H(2)O, contains a heteroatom Sb-III with an unshared electron pair and mixed addenda, i.e., W and V-IV. Structural investigation of the new substance was performed by FT-IR, Raman, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and by X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the [(H3SbVW17O60)-V-III-W-IV](8-) polyoxometalate molecule is made up of two halves, each being of trilacunary Keggin-type, namely B alpha-[SbM9O33] and B alpha-[H3M9O33], linked by corners and edges. The Sb-III heteroatom is statistically distributed between the two halves. The Sb-III heteroatom is tricoordinated, forming an unusual trigonal SbO3 pyramid in the [SbM9O33] unit. The paramagnetic V-IV metal centre is disordered over all 18 addenda positions. It is proposed that this structure, called initially non-Dawson, should be renamed as pseudo-Dawson. C1 [Patrut, A.; Margineanu, D.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Chem & Chem Engn, Cluj Napoca 400028, Romania. [Lowy, D. A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Koegerlew, P.; Schmidtmann, M.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmidtmann, M.; Boegge, H.] Univ Bielefeld, Fac Chem, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. [Schmidtmann, M.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 BQQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Patrut, A (reprint author), Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Chem & Chem Engn, 11 Arany Janos, Cluj Napoca 400028, Romania. EM apatrut@chem.ubbc1uj.ro RI Patrut, Adrian/C-3566-2012; Margineanu, Dragos/C-5440-2012; OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 3921 EP 3926 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 243BA UT WOS:000251768700045 ER PT J AU Darby, BJ Housman, DC Johnson, SL Neher, DA Kuske, CR Belnap, J AF Darby, B. J. Housman, D. C. Johnson, S. L. Neher, D. A. Kuske, C. R. Belnap, J. TI Influence of physical trampling disturbance on desert soil food webs associated with biological soil crusts SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Darby, B. J.; Neher, D. A.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Housman, D. C.; Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT USA. [Johnson, S. L.; Kuske, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Mol Biol Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 111 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200112 ER PT J AU Weijer, W Vivier, F Gille, ST Dijkstra, HA AF Weijer, Wilbert Vivier, Frederic Gille, Sarah T. Dijkstra, Henk A. TI Multiple oscillatory modes of the argentine basin. Part I: Statistical analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE OSCILLATIONS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; REGION; TOPEX/POSEIDON; ALTIMETER; RESONANCE; PATTERNS; NUMBER AB Observations of the sea surface height in the Argentine Basin indicate that strong variability occurs on a time scale of 20-30 days. The aim of this study is to determine the physical processes responsible for this variability. First, results are presented from two statistical techniques applied to a decade of altimetric data. A complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis identifies the recently discovered dipole mode as the dominant mode of variability. A principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis confirms the existence of this mode, which has a period of 25 days. The second CEOF displays a propagating pattern in the northern Argentine Basin, plus a rotating dipole in the southwest corner. The POP analysis identifies both patterns as individual modes, with periods of 30 and 20 days, respectively. Second, the barotropic normal modes of the Argentine Basin are studied, using a shallow-water model capturing the full bathymetry of the basin. Coherences between the spatial patterns of these modes and altimeter data suggest that several of the basin modes are involved in the observed variability. This analysis implies that the 20-day mode detected by recent bottom-pressure measurements is a true barotropic mode. However, the 25-day variability, as found in altimeter data, cannot be directly attributed to the excitation of a free Rossby basin mode. This study indicates that the results of several apparently conflicting observations of the flow variability in the Argentine Basin can be reconciled by assuming that multiple basin modes are involved. C1 [Weijer, Wilbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Weijer, Wilbert; Gille, Sarah T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vivier, Frederic] Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentat & Approaches Nu, Paris, France. [Dijkstra, Henk A.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Weijer, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2,MS B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wilbert@lanl.gov RI Weijer, Wilbert/A-7909-2010; Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; Dijkstra , Henk /H-2559-2016; OI Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2855 EP 2868 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3527.1 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 247VT UT WOS:000252111400005 ER PT J AU Weijer, W Vivier, F Gille, ST Dijkstra, HA AF Weijer, Wilbert Vivier, Frederic Gille, Sarah T. Dijkstra, Henk A. TI Multiple oscillatory modes of the argentine basin. Part II: The spectral origin of basin modes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY OSCILLATIONS; BAROTROPIC RESPONSE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; ROSSBY MODES; OCEAN; TOPOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; REGION; WAVES AB In this paper the spectrum of barotropic basin modes of the Argentine Basin is shown to be connected to the classical Rossby basin modes of a flat-bottom (constant depth), rectangular basin. First, the spectrum of basin modes is calculated for the Argentine Basin, by performing a normal-mode analysis of the barotropic shallow-water equations. Then a homotopy transformation is performed that gradually morphs the full-bathymetry geometry through a flat-bottom configuration into a rectangular basin. Following the eigenmodes through this transition establishes a connection between most of the basin modes and the classical Rossby basin modes of a rectangular geometry. In particular, the 20-day mode of the Argentine Basin is identified with the lowest-order mode of classical theory. Sensitivity studies show that the decay rate of each mode is controlled by bottom friction, but that it is insensitive to lateral friction; lateral friction strongly impacts the oscillation frequency. In addition, the modes are found to be only slightly sensitive to the presence of a background flow. C1 [Weijer, Wilbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Weijer, Wilbert; Gille, Sarah T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vivier, Frederic] Lab Oceanographie & Climat Expt & Approches Numer, Paris, France. [Dijkstra, Henk A.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Weijer, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2,MS B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wilbert@lanl.gov RI Weijer, Wilbert/A-7909-2010; Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; Dijkstra , Henk /H-2559-2016; OI Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2869 EP 2881 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3688.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 247VT UT WOS:000252111400006 ER PT J AU Mohamed, SH Anders, A Montero, I Galan, L AF Mohamed, S. H. Anders, Andre Montero, I. Galan, L. TI Structural and optical evaluation of WOxNy films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE thin films; plasma deposition; X-ray diffraction; optical properties ID CONSTANTS; BEHAVIOR AB Thin films of tungsten oxyrutrides were deposited on substrates preheated at 300 degrees C from metallic tungsten target using reactive pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering. The deposition was carried out at different nitrogen to total reactive gas partial pressures ratios. The energy dispersive analysis of X-ray showed that significant incorporation of nitrogen occurred only when the nitrogen partial pressure exceeded 74% of the total reactive gas pressure. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the formation of a specific crystalline phase is affected by the composition and the possibility of competitive growth of different phases. The increase of nitrogen content into the films increases the optical absorption and decreases the optical band gap. The refractive index was determined from the transmittance spectra using Swanepoel's method. It was found that the refractive index increases with increasing nitrogen content over the entire spectral range. The values of the tungsten effective coordination number, N-c, was estimated from the analysis of the dispersion of the refractive index, and an increase in Nc with increasing nitrogen content was observed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohamed, S. H.; Anders, Andre] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mohamed, S. H.; Montero, I.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Mohamed, S. H.] Sohag Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Sohag 82524, Egypt. [Galan, L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Mohamed, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abo_95@yahoo.com RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2227 EP 2232 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.06.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247LE UT WOS:000252079800004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS Rigg, PA Hixson, RS Gray, GT AF Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Yusheng Rigg, Paulo A. Hixson, Robert S. Gray, George T., III TI Impurity effects on the phase transformations and equations of state of zirconium metals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metals; high pressure; X-ray diffraction; phase transitions; equations-of-state ID HIGH-PRESSURES; OMEGA-PHASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ALPHA-PHASE; TITANIUM; TRANSITION; KINETICS; OXYGEN; NACL; TI AB The in situ high P-T X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted at pressures up to 17 GPa and temperatures up to 1273 K to study the phase transformations and equations of state for two grades of zirconium metals. At ambient temperature, our results reveal significant differences in both the transition pressure and kinetics of the alpha-omega phase transformation between the ultra-pure Zr (35 ppm Hf and < 50 ppm 0) and impure Zr (1.03 at% Hf and 4.5 at% 0). These observations indicate that impurities, particularly oxygen ions, play important roles in the transformation mechanisms as well as crystal stability. On the other hand, impurities have no measurable effects on either the elastic bulk moduli of both alpha and omega phases or the volume change across the alpha-omega phase transformation. At elevated temperature, both impure and ultra-pure Zr show similar transition temperatures for the omega-beta phase boundary over a pressure range of 6-16 GPa, suggesting that impure oxygen and hafnium ions can only be an alpha-Zr stabilizer; they do not seem to significantly increase the stability of the omega-Zr relative to the beta-Zr. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jianzhong; Zhao, Yusheng; Rigg, Paulo A.; Hixson, Robert S.; Gray, George T., III] LANSCE LC, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), LANSCE LC, Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2302 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.06.016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247LE UT WOS:000252079800013 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciverez, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; CENTRAL OUTER TRACKER; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; CS-VERTICAL-BAR; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DRELL-YAN; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRON CALORIMETER; LUMINOSITY MONITOR AB We report the first measurements of inclusive W and Z boson cross-sections times the corresponding leptonic branching ratios for pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV based on the decays of the W and Z bosons into electrons and muons. The data were recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72.0 +/- 4.3 pb(-1). We test e-mu lepton universality in W decays by measuring the ratio of the W -> mu nu to W -> e nu cross sections and determine a value of 0.991 +/- 0.004(stat.) +/- 0.011(syst.) for the ratio of W - l - nu couplings (g(mu)/g(e)). Since there is no sign of non-universality, we combine our cross-section measurements in the different lepton decay modes and obtain sigma(W) x Br(p (p) over bar -> W -> l nu) = 2.749 +/- 0.010(stat.) +/- 0.053(syst.) +/- 0.165(lum.) nb and sigma(gamma*/Z) x Br(p (p) over bar ->gamma*/Z -> ll) = 254.9 +/- 3.3( stat.) +/- 4.6( syst.) +/- 15.2(lum.) pb for dilepton pairs in the mass range between 66 GeV/c(2) and 116 GeV/c2. We compute the ratio R of the W -> l nu to Z -> ll cross sections taking all correlations among channels into account and obtain R = 10.84 +/- 0.15(stat.) +/- 0.14(syst.) including a correction for the virtual photon exchange component in our measured. gamma*/Z -> ll cross section. Based on the measured value of R, we extract values for the W leptonic branching ratio, Br(W -> l nu) = 0.1082 +/- 0.0022; the total width of the W boson, Gamma(W) = 2092 +/- 42 MeV; and the ratio of W and Z boson total widths, Gamma(W)/Gamma( Z) = 0.838 +/- 0.017. In addition, we use our extracted value of Gamma(W) whose value depends on various electroweak parameters and certain CKM matrix elements to constrain the V(cs) CKM matrix element, |V(cs)| = 0.976 +/- 0.030. C1 [Abulencia, A.; Chu, P. H.; Ciobanu, C. I.; Errede, D.; Errede, S.; Grundler, U.; Junk, T. R.; Kraus, J.; Liss, T. M.; Marino, C.; Pitts, K.; Rogers, E.; Veramendi, G.; Vickey, T.; Zhang, X.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Acosta, D.; Field, R.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Mitselmakher, G.; Necula, V.; Rossin, R.; Sukhanov, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Adelman, J.; Brubaker, E.; Fedorko, W. T.; Furic, I.; Kim, Y. K.; Kwang, S.; Levy, S.; Paramonov, A. 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[Bauer, G.; Belloni, A.; Bolshov, A.; Iyutin, B.; Klute, M.; Knuteson, B.; Kravchenko, I.; Leonardo, N.; Menzemer, S.; Miles, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Paus, C.; Rakitin, A.; Sumorok, K.; Tether, S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Belforte, S.; Casarsa, M.; Cauz, D.; Giordani, M.; Pauletta, G.; Saarikko, H.; Santi, L.; Zanetti, A.] Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. [Bellinger, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Chuang, S. H.; Chung, W. H.; Cyr, D.; Handler, R.; Herndon, M.; Pondrom, L.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Benjamin, D.; Cabrera, S.; Carron, S.; Coca, M.; Deng, J.; Goshaw, A. T.; Hays, C.; Hidas, D.; Kirby, M.; Ko, B. R.; Kotwal, A. V.; Kruse, M.; Oh, S. H.; Robertson, W. J.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Berry, T.; Farrington, S.; Gajjar, A.; Griffiths, M.; Hayward, H.; Heinemann, B.; Houlden, M.; Manca, G.; McNulty, R.; Mehta, A.; Oldeman, R.; Shears, T.; Wynne, S. M.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. 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[Castro, A.; Deninno, M.; Margaroli, F.; Mazzanti, P.; Moggi, N.; Rimondi, F.; Semeria, F.; Zucchelli, S.] Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Lefevre, R.; Martinez, M.; Norniella, O.; Portell, X.; Salto, O.; Sanchez, C.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, I.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. S.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yu, I.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, I.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. S.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yu, I.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, I.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. S.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Chou, J. P.; Foland, A.; Franklin, M.; Grinstein, S.; da Costa, J. Guimaraes; Holloway, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Sherman, D.; Zaw, I.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chung, K.; Galyardt, J.; Gerchtein, E.; Gibson, K.; Giurgiu, G.; Jun, S. Y.; Kim, M. J.; Miscetti, S.; Paulini, M.; Tiwari, V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cordelli, M.; Happacher, F.; Ptohos, F.; Sfiligoi, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Cuevas, J.; Gomez, G.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Palencia, E.; Rodrigo, T.; Scodellaro, L.; Vila, I.; Vilar, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [De Cecco, S.; De Pedis, D.; Dionisi, C.; Giagu, S.; Iori, M.; Jeans, D.; Loverre, P.; Messina, A.; Rescigno, M.; Salamanna, G.; Sarkar, S.; Zanello, L.] Univ Rome, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Dittmann, J.; Krumnack, N.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Doerr, C.; Feindt, M.; Hennecke, M.; Heuser, J.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Kemp, Y.; Kreps, M.; Lecci, C.; Mack, P.; Milnik, M.; Muller, Th; Papikonomou, A.; Richter, S.; Rinnert, K.; Scheidle, T.; Skiba, A.; Wagner, W.; Walter, T.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Efron, J.; Hughes, R. E.; Kilminster, B.; Lannon, K.; Parks, B.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Feild, R. G.; Gay, C.; Li, K.; Lin, C.; Martin, A.; Nahn, S.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Yang, C.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Fujii, Y.; Miyamoto, A.] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Gold, M.; Gorelov, I.; Naumov, D.; Rekovic, V.; Seidel, S.; Smirnov, D.; Strologas, J.; Vataga, E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Goncharov, M.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Krutelyov, V.; Lee, S. W.; McIntyre, P.; Toback, D.; Wagner, P.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hahn, K.; Heijboer, A.; Heinrich, J.; Kovalev, A.; Kroll, J.; Lockyer, N. S.; Neu, C.; Thomson, E.; Usynin, D.; Whiteson, D.; Williams, H. H.; Wittich, P.; Yu, S. S.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hare, M.; Napier, A.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Sun, H.; Whitehouse, B.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Harr, R. F.; Karchin, P. E.; Mattson, M. E.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Hsu, S-C; Lipeles, E.; Neubauer, M. S.; Wuerthwein, F.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Karagoz-Unel, M.; Martin, V.; Schmitt, M.; Stentz, D.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kato, Y.; Okusawa, T.; Seiya, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yoshida, T.] Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. [Loginov, A.; Shreyber, I.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Nakano, I.; Takashima, R.; Tanaka, R.; Tsuno, S.; Yamashita, Y.] Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; van Remortel, N.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Zanetti, Anna/I-3893-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315 NR 78 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2457 EP 2544 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/12/001 PG 88 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 246PP UT WOS:000252019600003 ER PT J AU Burger, S Riciputi, LR Bostick, DA AF Burger, S. Riciputi, L. R. Bostick, D. A. TI Determination of impurities in uranium matrices by time-of-flight ICP-MS using matrix-matched method SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM; SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION; DEPLETED URANIUM; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; NUCLEAR-FUEL; PLUTONIUM; PARTICLES; SAMPLES AB The analysis of impurities in uranium matrices is performed in a variety of fields, e.g., for quality control in the production stream converting uranium ores to fuels, as element signatures in nuclear forensics and safeguards, and for non-proliferation control. We have investigated the capabilities of time-of-flight ICP-MS for the analysis of impurities in uranium matrices using a matrix-matched method. The method was applied to the New Brunswick Laboratory CRM 124(1-7) series. For the seven certified reference materials, an overall precision and accuracy of approximately 5% and 14%, respectively, were obtained for 18 analyzed elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transuranium Res Inst, Chem & Isotope Mass Spect Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burger, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transuranium Res Inst, Chem & Isotope Mass Spect Grp, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM buergers@ornl.gov NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 274 IS 3 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-6930-0 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 229YA UT WOS:000250841300006 ER PT J AU White, TL Herman, CC Crump, SL Marinik, AR Lambert, DP Eibling, RE AF White, T. L. Herman, C. C. Crump, S. L. Marinik, A. R. Lambert, D. P. Eibling, R. E. TI Analysis of cesium extracting solvent using GCMS and HPLC SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WASTE AB A high-level waste (HLW) remediation process scheduled to begin in 2007 at the Savannah River Site is the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU). The MCU will use a hydrocarbon solvent (diluent) containing a cesium extractant, a calix[4]arene compound, to extract radioactive cesium from caustic HLW. The resulting decontaminated HLW waste or raffinate will be processed into grout at the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). The cesium containing CSSX stream will undergo washing with dilute nitric acid followed by stripping of the cesium nitrate into a very dilute nitric acid or the strip effluent stream and the CSSX solvent will be recycled. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will receive the strip effluent stream and immobilize the cesium into borosilicate glass. Excess CSSX solvent carryover from the MCU creates a potential flammability problem during DWPF processing. Bench-scale DWPF process testing was performed with simulated waste to determine the fate of the CSSX solvent components. A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to identify the modifier (which is used to increase Cs extraction and extractant solubility) and extractant within the DWPF process. The diluent and triocytlamine (which is used to suppress impurity effect and ion-pair disassociation) were determined using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). To close the organic balance, two types of sample preparation methods were needed. One involved extracting aqueous samples with methylene chloride or hexane, and the second was capturing the off gas of the DWPF process using carbon tubes and rinsing the tubes with carbon disulfide for analysis. This paper addresses the development of the analytical methods and the bench-scale simulated waste study results. C1 Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP White, TL (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM thomas02.white@srnl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 274 IS 3 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-6959-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 229YA UT WOS:000250841300021 ER PT J AU Quinn, H Leeser, M King, LS AF Quinn, Heather Leeser, Miriam King, Laurie Smith TI Dynamo: a runtime partitioning system for FPGA-based HW/SW image processing systems SO JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURES AB The Dynamo system provides a runtime environment for mapping image processing applications to hardware/software platforms that contain a mix of processors and reconfigurable hardware. Dynamo can be used by an image analyst with no knowledge of HW/SW design. The analyst specifies the algorithms implemented in a processing pipeline and the input data. Dynamo dynamically selects the most efficient combination of hardware and software component implementations to minimize pipeline runtime, generates the source code that implements the pipeline, processes the input data using the implementation, and returns the results. We present the design and implementation of Dynamo. Our target domain is image processing pipelines. We chose image processing (IP) because many IP algorithms benefit from acceleration using reconfigurable hardware and many IP applications are structured as a pipeline, where each component can be implemented in software or hardware. Our performance modeling incorporates profiles based on experimental results and on overhead costs. Our results show that modeling of overhead costs is essential to choosing the correct implementation. We illustrate how Dynamo chooses a mix of hardware and software implementations to minimize runtime for several different image processing applications. C1 [Leeser, Miriam] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Quinn, Heather] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [King, Laurie Smith] Coll Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Leeser, M (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov; mel@coe.neu.edu; lking@holycross.edu FU NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; National Science Foundation [EEC-9986821, EHS-0410246]; University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Heather Quinn was supported under a Graduate Student Researchers Program Fellowship through NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center when this research was conducted. This work was supported in part by CenSSIS, the Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, under the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation (award number EEC-9986821). This research was also supported in part by NSF award number EHS-0410246. Heather Quinn is currently employed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper was cleared for public release as LA-UR-06-3434; distribution is unlimited. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that US Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher's right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-8200 EI 1861-8219 J9 J REAL-TIME IMAGE PR JI J. Real-Time Image Process. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s11554-007-0050-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V20CV UT WOS:000208119000002 ER PT J AU Gallager, SM Howland, J York, A Taylor, R Vine, N Prasad, L Swaminarayan, S Gupta, R Rago, P Hart, D Rosenkranz, G AF Gallager, Scott M. Howland, Jonathan York, Amber Taylor, Richard Vine, Norman Prasad, Lakshman Swaminarayan, Sriram Gupta, Rajan Rago, Paul Hart, Dvora Rosenkranz, Gregg TI Development of imaging hardware and an optical image database and processing tools for automated classification of benthic habitat and enumeration of commercially important scallop stocks SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gallager, Scott M.; Howland, Jonathan; York, Amber] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Prasad, Lakshman; Swaminarayan, Sriram; Gupta, Rajan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rago, Paul; Hart, Dvora] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rosenkranz, Gregg] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1311 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 250US UT WOS:000252327300080 ER PT J AU Rard, JA Clegg, SL Palmer, DA AF Rard, Joseph A. Clegg, Simon L. Palmer, Donald A. TI Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of Li2SO4(aq) at T=298.15 and 323.15 k, and representation with an extended ion-interaction (Pitzer) model SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lithium sulfate; aqueous solutions; Isopiestic measurements; ion-interaction model; Pitzer model; slubility product; sandard thermodynamic properties ID ALKALI-METAL SULFATES; AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LITHIUM-SULFATE; VAPOR-PRESSURES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; DEGREES-C; WATER; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURES AB Isopiestic vapor-pressure measurements were made for Li2SO4( aq) from 0.1069 to 2.8190 mol center dot kg(-1) at 298.15 K, and from 0.1148 to 2.7969 mol center dot kg(-1) at 323.15 K, with NaCl( aq) as the reference standard. Published thermodynamic data for this system were reviewed, recalculated for consistency, and critically assessed. The present results and the more reliable published results were used to evaluate the parameters of an extended version of Pitzer's ion-interaction model with an ionic-strength dependent third-virial coefficient, as well as those of the standard Pitzer model, for the osmotic and activity coefficients at both temperatures. Published enthalpies of dilution at 298.15 K were also analyzed to yield the parameters of the ion-interaction models for the relative apparent molar enthalpies of dilution. The resulting models at 298.15 K are valid to the saturated solution molality of the thermodynamically stable phase Li2SO4 center dot H2O( cr). Solubilities of Li2SO4 center dot H2O ( cr) at 298.15 K were assessed and the selected value of m( sat.) = 3.13 +/- 0.04 mol center dot kg-1 was used to evaluate the thermodynamic solubility product Ks( Li2SO4 center dot H2O, cr, 298.15 K) = ( 2.62 +/- 0.19) and a CODATA- compatible standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Delta(f)G degrees(m)( Li2SO4 center dot H2O, cr, 298.15 K)=-( 1564.6 +/- 0.5) kJ center dot mol(-1). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rardja@llnl.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 1347 EP 1371 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9190-x PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236NC UT WOS:000251308700002 ER PT J AU Miller, DG AF Miller, Donald G. TI Gouy interferometry: Properties of multicomponent system omega (Omega) graphs SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; gouy interferometry; omega graphs; Rayleigh interferometry; multicomponent systems ID TERNARY DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; INTERACTING FLOWS; 3-COMPONENT SYSTEMS; RAYLEIGH; 25-DEGREES-C; H2O AB We consider the properties of Omega graphs (Omega versus f(z)) obtained from Gouy interferometry on multicomponent systems with constant diffusion coefficients. We show that they must have (a) either a maximum or else a minimum between f(z)=0 and f(z)=1 and (b) an inflection point between the f(z) value at the extremum and f(z)=1. Consequently, an Omega graph cannot have both positive and negative Omega values. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM don.miller9@comcast.net NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 1469 EP 1477 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9194-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236NC UT WOS:000251308700009 ER PT J AU Miller, DG Lee, CM Rard, JA AF Miller, Donald G. Lee, Catherine M. Rard, Joseph A. TI Ternary isothermal diffusion coefficients of NaCl-MgCl2-H2O at 25 degrees C. 7. Seawater composition SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; NaCl-MgCl2-H2O; seawater; ternary system; multicomponent systems ID ONSAGER RECIPROCAL RELATION; SOLUTE CONCENTRATION RATIO; MGCL2 CONCENTRATIONS; AQUEOUS MIXTURES; WIDE-RANGE; 298.15 K; GOUY; NACL; RAYLEIGH; DENSITIES AB The four diffusion coefficients D (ij) of the ternary system NaCl-MgCl2-H2O at the simplified seawater composition 0.48877 mol center dot dm(-3) NaCl and 0.05110 mol center dot dm(-3) MgCl2 have been remeasured at 25 degrees C. The diffusion coefficients were obtained using both Gouy and Rayleigh interferometry with the highly precise Gosting diffusiometer. The results, which should be identical in principle, are essentially the same within or very close to their combined "realistic" errors. This system has a cross-term D (12) that is larger than the D (22) main-term, where subscript 1 denotes NaCl and 2 denotes MgCl2. The results are compared with earlier, less-precise measurements. Recommended values for this system are (D (11)) (V) =1.432x10(-9) m(2)center dot s(-1), (D-12) (V) =0.750x10(-9) m(2)center dot s(-1), (D (21)) (V) =0.0185x10(-9) m(2)center dot s(-1), and (D-22) (V) =0.728x10(-9) m(2)center dot s(-1). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, DG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM don.miller9@comcast.net NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 1559 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9207-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236NC UT WOS:000251308700014 ER PT J AU Rard, JA Wolery, TJ AF Rard, Joseph A. Wolery, Thomas J. TI The standard chemical-thermodynamic properties of phosphorus and some of its key compounds and aqueous species: An evaluation of differences between the previous recommendations of NBS/NIST and CODATA SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE standard entropy; Gibbs energy of formation; enthalpy of formation; entropy of formation; orthophosphates; phosphorus ID TEMPERATURE HEAT-CAPACITY; 2ND DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID; DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SOLUBILITY; SYSTEM; POTASSIUM; 1000-DEGREES-C; PENTACHLORIDE AB The aqueous chemistry of phosphorus is dominated by P(V), which under typical environmental conditions (and depending on pH and concentration) can be present as the orthophosphate species H3PO40 (aq),H2PO4-(aq),HPO42-(aq) or PO43-(aq). Many divalent, trivalent and tetravalent metal ions form sparingly soluble orthophosphate phases that, depending on the solution pH and concentrations of phosphate and metal ions, can be solubility limiting phases. Geochemical and chemical engineering modeling of solubilities and speciation require comprehensive thermodynamic databases that include the standard thermodynamic properties for the aqueous species and solid compounds. The most widely used sources for standard thermodynamic properties are the NBS (now NIST) Tables (from 1982 and earlier, with a 1989 erratum) and the final CODATA evaluation (1989). However, a comparison of the reported enthalpies of formation and Gibbs energies of formation for key phosphate compounds and aqueous species, especially H2PO4 (-)(aq) and HPO4 (2-)(aq), shows a systematic and nearly constant difference of 6.3 to 6.9 kJ center dot mol(-1) per phosphorus atom between these two evaluations. The existing literature contains numerous studies (including major data summaries) that are based on one or the other of these evaluations. In this report we examine and identify the origin of this difference and conclude that the CODATA evaluation is more reliable. Values of the standard entropies of the H2PO4- (aq) and HPO4 (2-)(aq) ions at 298.15 K and p degrees =1 bar were re-examined in the light of more recent information and data not considered in the CODATA review, and a slightly different value of S-m degrees(H2PO4 (-) ,aq, 298.15 K) = (90.6 +/- 1.5) J center dot K-1 center dot mol(-1) was obtained. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rard1@llnl.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 1585 EP 1599 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9205-7 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236NC UT WOS:000251308700016 ER PT J AU Boily, JF Qafoku, O Felmy, AR AF Boily, Jean-Francois Qafoku, Odeta Felmy, Andrew R. TI A potentiometric, spectrophotometric and pitzer ion-interaction study of reaction equilibria in the aqueous H+-Al3+, H+-oxalate and H+-Al3+-oxalate systems up to 5 mol center dot dm(-3) NaCl SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; oxalic acid; complexation; pitzer; potentiometry; spectrophotometry; chemometrics ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; ALUMINUM SPECIATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OXALIC-ACID; 40 MPA; HYDROLYSIS; COMPLEXES; THERMODYNAMICS AB The aqueous speciation of the mixed H+-Al3+-oxalate (L) system at equilibrium was determined by potentiometry in solutions of 0.1, 1.6 and 3.0 mol center dot dm(-3) NaCl and by spectrophotometry in solutions of 5.0 mol center dot dm(-3) NaCl at 298.2 K. These experiments enabled the description of the ionic strength dependence of the AlL+,AlL2- and AlL33- species and the formulation of a Pitzer ion-interaction model. The accuracy of our aqueous speciation calculations for this mixed system was also strengthened by experimental validation of previously-established models for the protonation of oxalate in the H+-L system and of the hydrolysis of Al3+ in the H+-Al3+ system. The latter system also enabled the formulation of a new Pitzer ion-interaction model for the heptavalently-charged Al13O4(OH)(24)(7+) Keggin ion to 3.0 mol center dot dm(-3) NaCl. The proposed set of parameters can be used to predict chemical speciation in the mixed H+-Al3+-L system in aqueous solutions of NaCl up to 5.0 mol center dot dm(-3)(5.6 mol center dot kg(-1)NaCl) at 298.2 K. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 1727 EP 1743 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9203-9 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236NC UT WOS:000251308700022 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Weil, KS AF Kim, Jin Yong Weil, K. Scott TI Effects of brazing time and temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum air brazed joints SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; CERAMICS; OXIDATION; STRENGTH; ALLOYS; GROWTH; INTERLAYERS; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB High-purity aluminum foil was used to join alumina substrates directly in air at temperatures ranging from 800 degrees to 1200 degrees C and soak times of 1-100 h. It was found that the bend strengths of the resulting Al2O3/Al/Al2O3 joints generally increase with increasing brazing temperature and time, with a maximum bend strength of 135 MPa on average achieved in samples joined at 1200 degrees C for 100 h. Additionally it was determined that measurable ductility is retained in the joint even after exposure under extended high-temperature conditions. During joining, an Al2O3 scale forms along the interface between the aluminum and adjacent substrates. An increase in brazing temperature and/or time leads to intergrowth and sintering between this thermally grown oxide layer and the substrate surface, which appears to be the primary source of improved joint strength. Fracture analysis indicates that the Al2O3/Al/Al2O3 joints generally fail via one of three mechanisms, (1) by de-bonding along the foil/substrate interface in specimens that were joined at low temperature or held at temperature for an insufficient period of time; (2) by ductile rupture in specimens that were joined at conditions that promoted sintering between the oxidized foil and adjacent alumina faying surfaces, but left behind a continuous residual aluminum layer within the joint; or (3) by mixed-mode fracture in specimens joined at high temperature and long exposure times, in which the thermally grown alumina that forms between the two substrates is interrupted by dispersed pockets of residual aluminum metal. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 BP 3830 EP 3837 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02075.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 239FN UT WOS:000251504300017 ER PT J AU Feltz, A Schmidt-Winkel, P Schossmann, M Booth, CH Albering, JH AF Feltz, Adalbert Schmidt-Winkel, Patrick Schossmann, Michael Booth, Corwin H. Albering, Jorg H. TI Remarkable strontium b-site occupancy in ferroelectric Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 solid solutions doped with cryolite-type strontium niobate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTRA; MULTILAYER ACTUATORS; PEROVSKITE; CERAMICS AB New high-performance ferroelectric solid solutions based on Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 (PZT), which are doped with cryolite-type strontium niobate (SNO, Sr-4(Sr2-2y/3Nb2+2y/3)O11+yVO;1-y with 0 <= y <= 1) and hence denoted PZT:SNO, and their microscopic structure and defect chemistry are described. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) analyses of PZT:SNO samples revealed that similar to 10% of Sr2+ occupy the nominal B-sites of the perovskite-type PZT host lattice. This result is supported by EXAFS analyses of both a canonical SrTiO3 perovskite and two SNO model and reference compounds. Fit models that do not account for Sr2+ on B-sites are ruled out. A clear Sr-Pb peak in Fourier-transformed EXAFS data visually confirms this structural model. The generation of temporary oxygen vacancies and the intricate defect chemistry induced by SNO-doping of PZT are crucial for the exceptional material properties of PZT:SNO. As a result, ferroelectric PZT:SNO solid solutions are very attractive for use in new and innovative piezoelectric actuator and transducer applications. C1 EPCOS OHG, Ceram Components Div, Corp Res & Dev, A-8530 Deutschlandsberg, Austria. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Chem Technol Inorgan Mat, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Schmidt-Winkel, P (reprint author), EPCOS OHG, Ceram Components Div, Corp Res & Dev, A-8530 Deutschlandsberg, Austria. EM patrick.schmidt-winkel@epcos.com RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 BP 3959 EP 3967 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02027.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 239FN UT WOS:000251504300037 ER PT J AU Plucknett, KP Lin, HT AF Plucknett, Kevin P. Lin, Hua-Tay TI Low-temperature oxidation embrittlement of SiC (Nicalon((TM)))/CAS ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED MAGNESIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; DEGRADATION; STRENGTH; KINETICS; ENGINES; DESIGN AB The influence of extended duration (up to 1000 h), low temperature oxidation heat-treatments (375 degrees-600 degrees C) has been assessed using a model ceramic matrix composite system with a graphitic fiber/matrix interphase. For this study a Nicalon((TM)) fiber reinforced CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 matrix composite was selected (Nicalon((TM))/CAS), which possesses a thin (similar to 20-40 nm) carbon-based interphase. Oxidation exposure has been conducted under both unloaded and static fatigue-loaded conditions. For unstressed oxidation exposure, degradation of the carbon-based interphase is apparent at temperatures as low as 375 degrees C, after 1000 h exposure, resulting in a transition to a nominally brittle failure mode (i.e., negligible fiber pull-out). The degree of mechanical property degradation increases with increasing temperature, such that strength degradation, and a transition to nominally brittle failure, is apparent after just 10 h at 600 degrees C. Static fatigue loading between 450 degrees and 600 degrees C demonstrated generally similar trends, with reduced lifetimes being observed with increasing temperature. Based upon the unloaded oxidation experiments, combined with previously obtained intermediate and high-temperature oxidation stability studies, a simple environmental embrittlement failure mechanism map is presented for Nicalon((TM))/CAS. The implications of this study for advanced composite designs with multiple thin carbon-based interphase layers are also discussed. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Mat Engn Program, Halifax, NS B3J 1Z1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plucknett, KP (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Mat Engn Program, Halifax, NS B3J 1Z1, Canada. EM kevin.plucknett@dal.ca NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 BP 4050 EP 4054 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02060.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 239FN UT WOS:000251504300058 ER PT J AU Jackson, AU Talaty, N Cooks, RG Van Berkel, GJ AF Jackson, Ayanna U. Talaty, Nari Cooks, R. Graham Van Berkel, Gary J. TI Salt tolerance of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; ION SUPPRESSION; METABOLITES AB The salt tolerance of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) was systematically investigated by examining three different drug mixtures in the presence of 0, 0.2, 2, 5, 10, and 20% NaCl:KCl (1:1) from different surfaces. At physiological salt concentrations, the individual drugs in each mixture were observed in each experiment. Even at salt concentrations significantly above physiological levels, particular surfaces were effective in providing spectra that allowed the ready identification of the compounds of interest in low nanogram amounts. Salt adducts, which are observed even in the absence of added salt, could be eliminated by adding 0.1% 7 M ammonium acetate to the standard methanol:water (1:1) spray solvent. Comparison of the salt tolerance of DESI with that of electrospray ionization (ESI) demonstrated better signal/ noise characteristics for DESI. The already high salt tolerance of DESI can be optimized further by appropriate choices of surface and spray solution. C1 [Jackson, Ayanna U.; Talaty, Nari; Cooks, R. Graham] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jackson, Ayanna U.; Talaty, Nari; Cooks, R. Graham] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cooks, RG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, 1393 HC Brown Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cooks@purdue.edu RI Cooks, R/G-1051-2015 OI Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [3R21 DK-070290-01] NR 32 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2218 EP 2225 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.09.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 240LM UT WOS:000251589100015 PM 17977744 ER PT J AU Zeng, X Tao, WK Zhang, MH Peters-Lidard, C Lang, S Simpson, J Kumar, S Xie, SC Eastman, JL Shie, CL Geiger, JV AF Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Zhang, Minghua Peters-Lidard, Christa Lang, Stephen Simpson, Joanne Kumar, Sujay Xie, Shaocheng Eastman, Joseph L. Shie, Chung-Lin Geiger, James V. TI Evaluating clouds in long-term cloud-resolving model Simulations with observational data SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; DEEP TROPICAL CLOUDS; RADIATION INTERACTION; SURFACE PROCESSES; TOGA COARE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CUMULUS CLOUDS; SUBCLOUD-LAYER; GRAVITY-WAVES AB Two 20-day, continental midlatitude cases are simulated with a three-dimensional (313) cloud-resolving model (CRM) and are compared to Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) data. Surface fluxes from ARM ground stations and a land data assimilation system are used to drive the CRM. This modeling evaluation shows that the model simulates precipitation well but overpredicts clouds, especially in the upper troposphere. The evaluation also shows that the ARM surface fluxes can have noticeable errors in summertime. Theoretical analysis reveals that buoyancy damping is sensitive to spatial smoothers in two-dimensional (2D) CRMs, but not in 3D ones. With this theoretical analysis and the ARM cloud observations as background, 2D and 3D simulations are compared, showing that the 2D CRM has not only rapid fluctuations in surface precipitation but also spurious dehumidification (or a decrease in cloud amount). The present study suggests that the rapid precipitation fluctuation and spurious dehumidification be attributed to the sensitivity of buoyancy damping to dimensionality. C1 [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Lang, Stephen; Simpson, Joanne; Shie, Chung-Lin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Kumar, Sujay; Eastman, Joseph L.; Shie, Chung-Lin] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa; Kumar, Sujay; Eastman, Joseph L.; Geiger, James V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa; Kumar, Sujay; Eastman, Joseph L.; Geiger, James V.] Syst Sci & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Zeng, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Mail Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zeng@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; NR 73 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 4153 EP 4177 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2170.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244WQ UT WOS:000251896400001 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Perea, M Larruquert, JI Aznarez, JA Mendez, JA Vidal-Dasilva, M Gullikson, E Aquila, A Soufli, R Fierro, JLG AF Fernandez-Perea, Monica Larruquert, Juan I. Aznarez, Jose A. Mendez, Jose A. Vidal-Dasilva, Manuela Gullikson, Eric Aquila, Andy Soufli, Regina Fierro, J. L. G. TI Optical constants of electron-beam evaporated boron films in the 6.8-900 eV photon energy range SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SOFT-X-RAY; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; PHOTOABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; THIN-FILMS; TRANSMISSION; SCANDIUM; FILTERS; REGION; EUV AB The optical constants of electron-beam evaporated boron from 6.8 to 900 eV were calculated through transmittance measurements of boron thin films deposited onto carbon-coated microgrids or LiF substrates in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. In the low-energy part of the spectrum the measurements were performed in situ on freshly deposited samples, whereas in the high-energy range the samples were exposed to the atmosphere before the measurements. The extinction coefficient was calculated directly from the transmittance data, and a Kramers-Kronig analysis that combined the current data with data from the literature was performed to determine the dispersive part of the index of refraction. Finally, two different sum-rule tests were performed that indicated the good consistency of the data. 0 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Fernandez-Perea, Monica; Larruquert, Juan I.; Aznarez, Jose A.; Mendez, Jose A.; Vidal-Dasilva, Manuela] CSIC, Inst Fis Aplicada, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Gullikson, Eric; Aquila, Andy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Soufli, Regina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fierro, J. L. G.] CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, Madrid, Spain. RP Larruquert, JI (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Fis Aplicada, C Serrano 144, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM larruquert@ifa.cetef.csic.es RI jose, fierro/C-4774-2014; OI jose, fierro/0000-0002-6880-3737; Larruquert, Juan/0000-0001-6356-9702 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 12 BP 3800 EP 3807 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.24.003800 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 248BP UT WOS:000252126600032 PM 18059933 ER PT J AU Shi, BX Yu, AP Liu, YY Li, JC Jin, J Dong, C Wu, CS AF Shi, Bingxing Yu, Aiping Liu, Yuying Li, Jingchuan Jin, Jide Dong, Chunna Wu, Chutse TI Locally activity-released bifunctional fusion protein enhances antithrombosis and alleviates bleeding risk SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE thrombolysis; anticoagulants; hemorrhage; fusion protein; Staphylokinase; Hirudin ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARRAGEENIN-INDUCED THROMBOSIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS; CORONARY-ARTERY PATENCY; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; FACTOR-XA; RECOMBINANT STAPHYLOKINASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLYCOPROTEIN-IIB/IIIA AB Despite the fact that lytic therapy of thromboembolic disorder has been achieved, reocclusion of the damaged vessels and bleeding complication frequently reduce the therapeutic effect. In order to prevent the vessel reocclusion and enhance the therapeutic effect, combining the anticoagulant with the thrombolytic was assumed. Herein, we propose that restraining but locally releasing anticoagulant activity in the vicinity of thrombus is a way to alleviate the bleeding risk. A bifunctional fusion protein, termed as SFH (Staphylokinase (SAK) linked by FXa recognition peptide at N-terminus of Hirudin (HV)), was designed. SFH retained thrombolytic activity but no anticoagulant activity in thrombus-free blood due to the extension of the N-terminus of HV. However, it could locally liberate intact HV and exhibit anticoagulant activity when FXa or fresh thrombus was present. At equimolar dose, both improved antithrombotic and thrombolytic effects of SFH were observed in kappa-carrageenin inducing mouse-tail thrombosis model and rat inferior vena cava thrombosis model, respectively. Moreover, we observed significantly lower bleeding risk in mice and rats treated with SFH than with the mixture of SAK and HV with monitoring TT (P < 0.01), aPTT (P < 0.05) and PT (P < 0.05), and bleeding time (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SFH is a promising bifunctional therapeutic candidate with lower bleeding risk. C1 Beijing Inst Radiat Med, Key Lab Expt Hematol, Beijing 100850, Peoples R China. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shi, BX (reprint author), Beijing Inst Radiat Med, Key Lab Expt Hematol, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, Peoples R China. EM bxsin@yahoo.com; sxyap7020@yahoo.com.cn; wuct@nic.bmi.ac.cn NR 51 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 EI 1573-742X J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s11239-007-0036-6 PG 10 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 221DK UT WOS:000250207400009 PM 17487572 ER PT J AU Olson, CC Todd, MD Worden, K Farrar, C AF Olson, Colin C. Todd, M. D. Worden, Keith Farrar, Charles TI Improving excitations for active sensing in structural health monitoring via evolutionary algorithms SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; damage identification; nonlinear dynamics; attractor analysis; differential evolution; excitation optimization; prediction error; evolutionary; algorithms ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; CHAOTIC INTERROGATION; EMBEDDING DIMENSION; DAMAGE DETECTION; PRELOAD LOSS; OPTIMIZATION; DYNAMICS; FRAME AB Active excitation is an emerging area of study within the field of structural health monitoring whereby prescribed inputs are used to excite the structure so that damage-sensitive features may be extracted from the structural response. This work demonstrates that the parameters of a system of ordinary differential equations may be adjusted via an evolutionary algorithm to produce excitations that improve the sensitivity and robustness to extraneous nor. se of state-space based damage detection features extracted from the structural response to such excitations. A simple computational model is used to show that significant gains in damage detection and quantification may be obtained from the response of a spring-mass system to improved excitations generated by three separate representative ordinary differential equation systems. Observed differences in performance between the excitations produced by the three systems cannot be explained solely by considering the frequency characteristics of the excitations. This work demonstrates that the particular dynamic evolution of the excitation applied to the structure can be as important as the frequency characteristics of said excitation if improved damage detection is desired. In addition, the implied existence of a globally optimum excitation (in the sense of improved damage assessment) for the model system is explored. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olson, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 784 EP 802 DI 10.1115/1.2748478 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 231HH UT WOS:000250936900011 ER PT J AU Schmugge, SJ Zaffar, MA Tsap, LV Shin, MC AF Schmugge, Stephen J. Zaffar, M. Adeel Tsap, Leonid V. Shin, Min C. TI Task-based evaluation of skin detection for communication and perceptual interfaces SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION LA English DT Article DE skin detection; hand detection; empirical evaluation ID GESTURE RECOGNITION; COLOR; SEGMENTATION; HAND; MODEL AB Skin detection is frequently used as the first step for the tasks of face and gesture recognition in perceptual interfaces for human-computer interaction and communication. Thus, it is important for the researchers using skin detection to choose the optimal method for their specific task. In this paper, we propose a novel method of measuring the performance of skin detection for a task. We have created an evaluation framework for the task of hand detection and executed this assessment using a large dataset containing 17 million pixels from 225 images taken under various conditions. The parameter set of the skin detection has been trained extensively. Five colorspace transformations with and without the illuminance component coupled with two color modeling approaches have been evaluated. The results indicate that the best performance is achieved by transforming to SCT colorspace, using the illuminance component, and modeling the distribution with the histogram approach. Some conclusions such as the SCT colorspace being one of the best colorspaces are consistent with our previous work, while findings such as the YUV colorspace performing well in this work when it was one of the worst in our previous work are different. This indicates that the performance measured at the pixel-level might not be the ultimate indicator for the performance at the task-level of hand detection. We believe that the users of skin detection will find our task-based results to be more relevant than the traditional pixel-level results. However, we acknowledge that an evaluation is limited by its specific dataset and evaluation protocols. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmugge, Stephen J.; Zaffar, M. Adeel; Shin, Min C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Tsap, Leonid V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst Res Grp, Adv Communicat & Signal Process Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shin, MC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM sischmug@unec.edu; mazaffar@uncc.edu; tsap@llnl.gov; mcshin@uncc.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-3203 EI 1095-9076 J9 J VIS COMMUN IMAGE R JI J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.jvcir.2007.04.008 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 243NA UT WOS:000251803400003 ER PT J AU Phillips, JM Coltrin, ME Crawford, MH Fischer, AJ Krames, MR Mueller-Mach, R Mueller, GO Ohno, Y Rohwer, LES Simmons, JA Tsao, JY AF Phillips, Julia M. Coltrin, Michael E. Crawford, Mary H. Fischer, Arthur J. Krames, Michael R. Mueller-Mach, Regina Mueller, Gerd O. Ohno, Yoshi Rohwer, Lauren E. S. Simmons, Jerry A. Tsao, Jeffrey Y. TI Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solid-state lighting; light-emitting diodes; lighting; energy efficiency; color mixing; semiconductor optoelectronics; phosphors; nanoscience ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INGAN QUANTUM-WELLS; EMITTING-DIODES; HIGH-POWER; WHITE-LIGHT; LASER-DIODES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; LUMINOUS EFFICACY; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY AB Solid-state lighting is a rapidly evolving, emerging technology whose efficiency of conversion of electricity to visible white light is likely to approach 50% within the next several years. This efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional lighting technologies, giving solid-state lighting the potential to enable significant reduction in the rate of world energy consumption. Further, there is no fundamental physical reason why efficiencies well beyond 50% could not be achieved, which could enable even more significant reduction in world energy usage. In this article, we discuss in some detail: (a) the several approaches to inorganic solid-state lighting that could conceivably achieve "ultra-high," 70% or greater, efficiency, and (b) the significant research questions and challenges that would need to be addressed if one or more of these approaches were to be realized. C1 [Phillips, Julia M.; Coltrin, Michael E.; Crawford, Mary H.; Fischer, Arthur J.; Rohwer, Lauren E. S.; Simmons, Jerry A.; Tsao, Jeffrey Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Krames, Michael R.; Mueller-Mach, Regina; Mueller, Gerd O.] Philips Lumileds Lighting Co, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Ohno, Yoshi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmphill@sandia.gov NR 111 TC 225 Z9 225 U1 16 U2 117 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-8880 EI 1863-8899 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 307 EP 333 DI 10.1002/lpor.200710019 PG 27 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA 273AY UT WOS:000253904000002 ER PT J AU McIntyre, SK Alam, TM AF McIntyre, Sarah K. Alam, Todd M. TI O-17 NMR investigation of phosphite hydrolysis mechanisms SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; O-17 NMR; alkyl phosphites; phosphite esters; phosphite hydrolysis ID ESTERS; ACID; REARRANGEMENT AB The use of solution O-17 NMR spectroscopy in verifying the mechanism of trialkyl phosphite hydrolysis is presented. Trimethyl phosphite was reacted with O-17-labeled H2O at different temperatures and two reactant concentrations, with the reaction being monitored by O-17 NMR. Kinetic details elucidated from the NMR spectra are also discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McIntyre, Sarah K.; Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1022 EP 1026 DI 10.1002/mrc.2094 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 244IY UT WOS:000251860800003 PM 18044801 ER PT J AU Silverman, HG Roberto, FF AF Silverman, Heather G. Roberto, Francisco F. TI Understanding marine mussel adhesion SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE adhesion; biomimetics; marine mussel (Mytilus edulis); recombinant protein ID BYSSAL PROTEIN GENES; MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; CROSS-LINKING; ZEBRA MUSSELS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ATTACHMENT STRENGTH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHRAGMATOPOMA-CALIFORNICA; ANTIFOULING ACTIVITIES; POLYPHENOLIC PROTEINS AB In addition to identifying the proteins that have a role in underwater adhesion by marine mussels, research efforts have focused on identifying the genes responsible for the adhesive proteins, environmental factors that may influence protein production, and strategies for producing natural adhesives similar to the native mussel adhesive proteins. The production-scale availability of recombinant mussel adhesive proteins will enable researchers to formulate adhesives that are water-impervious and ecologically safe and can bind materials ranging from glass, plastics, metals, and wood to materials, such as bone or teeth, biological organisms, and other chemicals or molecules. Unfortunately, as of yet scientists have been unable to duplicate the processes that marine mussels use to create adhesive structures. This study provides a background on adhesive proteins identified in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and introduces our research interests and discusses the future for continued research related to mussel adhesion. C1 Biol Syst Dept, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Silverman, HG (reprint author), Biol Syst Dept, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Heather.Silverman@inl.gov NR 123 TC 172 Z9 185 U1 18 U2 111 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 661 EP 681 DI 10.1007/s10126-007-9053-x PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 237KK UT WOS:000251372400001 PM 17990038 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DL AF Hopkins, Deborah L. CA USAMP NDE Steering Committee TI Reliability in high volume manufacturing: An automotive perspective SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Hopkins, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 46A-1123, 1 Cyclon Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlhopkins@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1190 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 237FL UT WOS:000251359500002 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Steigmann, DJ Stolken, JS AF Gupta, Anurag Steigmann, David J. Stolken, James S. TI On the evolution of plasticity and incompatibility SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE plasticity; compatibility; interfaces; symmetry ID ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR; CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS; MATHEMATICAL THEORY; DYNAMICAL THEORY; DISLOCATIONS; SOLIDS; MECHANICS; DEFORMATION; UNIFORMITY; CRYSTALS AB The phenomenological theory of elastic-plastic response is reconsidered in the light of recent opinion regarding the constitutive character of the constituent elastic and plastic deformations. The primary role of dissipation in the physics of plastic evolution is emphasized and shown to lead to the clarification of a number of open questions. Particular attention is given to the invariance properties of the elastic and plastic deformations, to the kinematics of discontinuities, and to the role of material symmetry in restricting constitutive equations for elastic response, yield and plastic evolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 583 EP 610 DI 10.1177/1081286506064721 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 239OG UT WOS:000251527000001 ER PT J AU Brannon, RM Wells, JM Strack, OE AF Brannon, Rebecca M. Wells, Joseph M. Strack, O. Erik TI Validating theories for brittle damage SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Dynamic Behavior of Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS Structural Mat Div, TMS/ASM Mech Behav Mat Comm ID MECHANICS AB Validating simulated predictions of internal damage within armor ceramics is preferable to simply assessing a model's ability to predict penetration depth, especially if one hopes to perform subsequent "second strike" analyses. We present the results of a study in which crack networks are seeded by using a statistically perturbed strength, the median of which is inherited from a deterministic "smeared damage" model, with adjustments to reflect experimentally established size effects. This minor alteration of an otherwise conventional damage model noticeably mitigates mesh dependencies and, at virtually no computational cost, produces far more realistic cracking patterns that are well suited for validation against X-ray computed tomography (XCT) images of internal damage patterns. For Brazilian, spall, and indentation tests, simulations share qualitative features with externally visible damage. However, the need for more stringent quantitative validation, software quality testing, and subsurface XCT validation, is emphasized. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. JMW Associates, Mashpee, MA 02649 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brannon, RM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 38A IS 12 BP 2861 EP 2868 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9310-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 238BQ UT WOS:000251422700002 ER PT J AU Park, YD Kang, N Malene, SH Olson, DL AF Park, Yeong-Do Kang, Narnhyun Malene, Steve H. Olson, David L. TI Effect of exothermic additions on heat generation and arc process efficiency in flux-cored arc welding SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE flux cored electrode; exothermic additions; arc welding consumables; weldbead morphology; arc process efficiency AB The focus of this research was to determine the effectiveness of exothermically reacting chemical additions to the flux in the Flux-Cored Arc (FCA) welding process. The heat delivery and weldbead morphologies of exothermically assisted FCA welding were experimentally studied with a self-shielded FCA flux formulation. The exothermic additions consisted of stoichiometric mixtures of aluminum, magnesium, and aluminum/magnesium (50/50 wt.%) flux with the mineral hematite systematically displacing iron powder. Exothermic flux additions to FCA welding can assist in the generation of heat and improve arc efficiency. The Al/Mg (50150) electrodes were significantly more effective than aluminium or magnesium flux additions in composite gain value. The weldment dilution increased with exothermic addition. However, overall dilution with exothermic addition was not higher than baseline value except with a 10 wt.% magnesium addition. Weld deposition was most enhanced by Al/Mg (50/50) additions, showing a greater electrode melting efficiency and a larger weldbead than with magnesium-rich and aluminum-rich additions, respectively. C1 [Kang, Narnhyun] Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Park, Yeong-Do] Dong Eui Univ, Dept Adv Mat Engn, Pusan 614714, South Korea. [Malene, Steve H.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Olson, David L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kang, N (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM nhkang@pusan.ae.kr OI Kang, Namhyun/0000-0002-9460-5128 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 J9 MET MATER-INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 501 EP 509 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 262EH UT WOS:000253131300011 ER PT J AU Kobza, JE Jacobson, SH Vaughan, DE AF Kobza, John E. Jacobson, Sheldon H. Vaughan, Diane E. TI A survey of the coupon collector's problem with random sample sizes SO METHODOLOGY AND COMPUTING IN APPLIED PROBABILITY LA English DT Article DE coupon collector's problem; Markov chain; transient analysis; waiting times ID URN AB This paper surveys the coupon collector's waiting time problem with random sample sizes and equally likely balls. Consider an urn containing m red balls. For each draw, a random number of balls are removed from the urn. The group of removed balls is painted white and returned to the urn. Several approaches to addressing this problem are discussed, including a Markov chain approach to compute the distribution and expected value of the number of draws required for the urn to contain i white balls given that it currently contains i white balls. As a special case, E[N], the expected number of draws until all the balls are white given that all are currently red is also obtained. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kobza, JE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM john.kobza@ttu.edu; shj@uiuc.edu; dev@lanl.gov OI Kobza, John/0000-0003-4709-8255; Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-5841 J9 METHODOL COMPUT APPL JI Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 573 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s11009-006-9013-3 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 217MK UT WOS:000249951800007 ER PT J AU Tabita, FR Hanson, TE Li, HY Satagopan, S Singh, J Chan, S AF Tabita, F. Robert Hanson, Thomas E. Li, Huiying Satagopan, Srirarn Singh, Jaya Chan, Sum TI Function, structure, and evolution of the RubisCO-like proteins and their RubisCO homologs SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; LARGE-SUBUNIT GENES; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RUBISCO; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; SULFUR METABOLISM; BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; 1,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CHLOROBIUM-TEPIDUM; OSTREOCOCCUS-TAURI AB About 30 years have now passed since it was discovered that microbes synthesize RubisCO molecules that differ from the typical plant paradigm. RubisCOs of forms I, II, and III catalyze CO2 fixation reactions, albeit for potentially different physiological purposes, while the RubisCO-like protein (RLP) (form IV RubisCO) has evolved, thus far at least, to catalyze reactions that are important for sulfur metabolism. RubisCO is the major global CO2 fixation catalyst, and RLP is a somewhat related protein, exemplified by the fact that some of the latter proteins, along with RubisCO, catalyze similar enolization reactions as a part of their respective catalytic mechanisms. RLP in some organisms catalyzes a key reaction of a methionine salvage pathway, while in green sulfur bacteria, RLP plays a role in oxidative thiosulfate metabolism. In many organisms, the function of RLP is unknown. Indeed, there now appear to be at least six different clades of RLP molecules found in nature. Consideration of the many RubisCO (forms I, II, and III) and RLP (form IV) sequences in sequence databases has subsequently led to a coherent picture of how these proteins may have evolved, with a form III RubisCO arising from the Methanomicrobia as the most likely ultimate source of all RubisCO and RLP lineages. In addition, structure-function analyses of RLP and RubisCO have provided information as to how the active sites of these proteins have evolved for their specific functions. C1 [Tabita, F. Robert; Satagopan, Srirarn] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tabita, F. Robert; Satagopan, Srirarn] Ohio State Univ, Plant Mol Biol Biotechnol Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hanson, Thomas E.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Grad Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Li, Huiying; Chan, Sum] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Singh, Jaya] Ohio State Univ, Aronoff Lab 582, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Tabita, FR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Tabita.l@osu.edu RI Rechsteiner, Cindyr/C-2144-2011; Hanson, Thomas/G-9386-2016; Satagopan, Sriram/B-3198-2011 OI Hanson, Thomas/0000-0002-1967-5986; Satagopan, Sriram/0000-0002-4867-531X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM24497, R01 GM024497] NR 79 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 67 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 576 EP + DI 10.1128/MMBR.00015-07 PG 25 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 245QL UT WOS:000251950400002 PM 18063718 ER PT J AU Saraf, LV Engelhard, MH Lea, AS AF Saraf, L. V. Engelhard, M. H. Lea, A. S. TI Fabrication of SiO2 microdisk arrays for optics and light trapping experiments SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microdisks; photoemission ID ELECTROPOLISHING SILICON; RESONATORS AB We present a simple silicon based microfabrication process that produces an array of SiO2 microdisks using UV lithography. High-resolution SEM images of these structures indicate a smooth outer microdisk cavity surface. Photoemission measurements were performed at different spots on the microdisk and compared with measurements inside the cavity. A silicon to oxygen atomic concentration ratio of 1:2 obtained during depth profiling confirms that the entire microdisk is made up of stoichiometric SiO2. In contrast, the inner cavity is mostly silicon with native oxide on top. We discuss the usefulness of SiO2 microdisks in optics for light trapping experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Saraf, L. V.; Engelhard, M. H.; Lea, A. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, LV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Lax.Saraf@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 12 BP 2799 EP 2803 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2007.02.001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 248IH UT WOS:000252145900005 ER PT J AU Ringer, SP Larson, DJ Moody, MP Miller, MK Kelly, TF AF Ringer, Simon P. Larson, David J. Moody, Michael P. Miller, Michael K. Kelly, Thomas F. TI Introduction: Special issue on atom probe tomography SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ringer, SP (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Ringer, Simon/E-3487-2012; Moody, Michael/H-9377-2013 OI Ringer, Simon/0000-0002-1559-330X; Moody, Michael/0000-0002-9256-0966 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1017/S1431927607070912 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 238UR UT WOS:000251473700001 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Russell, KF Thompson, K Alvis, R Larson, DJ AF Miller, Michael K. Russell, Kaye F. Thompson, Keith Alvis, Roger Larson, David J. TI Review of atom probe FIB-Based specimen preparation methods SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Australian Workshop on Atom Probe Tomography CY FEB, 2006 CL Univ Sydney, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Sydney DE atom probe tomography; specimen preparation; focused ion beam ID FABRICATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB Several FIB-based methods that have been developed to fabricate needle-shaped atom probe specimens from a variety of specimen geometries, and site-specific regions are reviewed. These methods have enabled electronic device structures to be characterized. The atom probe may be used to quantify the level and range of gallium implantation and has demonstrated that the use of low accelerating voltages during the final stages of milling can dramatically reduce the extent of gallium implantation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Imago Sci Instruments, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millernik@ornl.gov RI Felfer, Peter/H-6024-2011 NR 21 TC 168 Z9 168 U1 9 U2 62 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1017/S1431927607070845 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 238UR UT WOS:000251473700004 PM 18001509 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA AF Marquis, Emmanuelle A. TI A reassessment of the metastable miscibility gap in Al-Ag alloys by atom probe tomography SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Australian Workshop on Atom Probe Tomography CY FEB, 2006 CL Univ Sydney, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Sydney DE Guinier-Preston zones; atom probe tomography; Al; Ag; alloy ID GUINIER-PRESTON ZONES; GP-ZONES; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SILVER; PRECIPITATION AB The evolution of Guinier-Preston zones in an Al-2.7 at.% Ag alloy was studied using atom probe tomography. The composition and morphology of the GP zones are time dependent, explaining discrepancies in previous work. This result requires the metastable miscibility gap for GP zones to be reevaluated, highlighting the importance of the temporal evolution of the GP zones. Preliminary results on the composition of gamma' and gamma plates are also presented. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Phys Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM emmanuelle.marquis@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1017/S131927607070870 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 238UR UT WOS:000251473700008 PM 18001513 ER PT J AU Fujita, MK Boore, JL Moritz, C AF Fujita, Matthew K. Boore, Jeffrey L. Moritz, Craig TI Multiple origins and rapid evolution of duplicated mitochondrial genes in parthenogenetic geckos (Heteronotia binoei; squamata, gekkonidae) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial genome; mtDNA; molecular evolution; Heteronotia; tandem duplication; parthenogenesis ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; CONTROL-REGION; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; TANDEM DUPLICATION; SPERM MOTILITY; DNA; GENOME; REARRANGEMENT; ORDER; SEQUENCE AB Accumulating evidence for alternative gene orders demonstrates that vertebrate mitochondrial genomes are more evolutionarily dynamic than previously thought. Several lineages of parthenogenetic lizards contain large, tandem duplications that include rRNA, tRNA, and protein-coding genes, as well as the control region. Such duplications are hypothesized as intermediate stages in gene rearrangement, but the early stages of their evolution have not been previously studied. To better understand the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated segments of mitochondrial DNA, we sequenced 10 mitochondrial genomes from recently formed (similar to 300,000 years ago) hybrid parthenogenetic geckos of the Heteronotia binoei complex and 1 from a sexual form. These genomes included some with an arrangement typical of vertebrates and others with tandem duplications varying in size from 5.7 to 9.4 kb, each with different gene contents and duplication endpoints. These results, together with phylogenetic analyses, indicate independent and frequent origins of the duplications. Small, direct repeats at the duplication endpoints imply slipped-strand error as a mechanism generating the duplications as opposed to a false initiation/termination of DNA replication mechanism that has been invoked to explain duplications in other lizard mitochondrial systems. Despite their recent origin, there is evidence for nonfunctionalization of genes due primarily to deletions, and the observed pattern of gene disruption supports the duplication-deletion model for rearrangement of mtDNA gene order. Conversely, the accumulation of mutations between these recent duplicates provides no evidence for gene conversion, as has been reported in some other systems. These results demonstrate that, despite their long-term stasis in gene content and arrangement in some lineages, vertebrate mitochondrial genomes can be evolutionary dynamic even at short timescales. C1 [Fujita, Matthew K.; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Moritz, Craig] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fujita, Matthew K.; Moritz, Craig] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fujita, Matthew K.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Fujita, Matthew K.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA USA. RP Fujita, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkfujita@berkeley.edu RI Moritz, Craig/A-7755-2012 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2775 EP 2786 DI 10.1093/molbev/msm212 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 244LX UT WOS:000251868500019 PM 17921488 ER PT J AU Jeffress, M Beliveau, A Campeau, E Yaswen, P AF Jeffress, Mara Beliveau, Alain Campeau, Eric Yaswen, Paul TI Differential effects of Mek1 and Mek2 inhibition on cellular proliferation of malignant and non-malignant human breast cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jeffress, Mara; Beliveau, Alain; Yaswen, Paul] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Campeau, Eric] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Med, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 3474S EP 3474S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 245WH UT WOS:000251969000425 ER PT J AU Mirzoeva, O Gendelman, R Knight, Z Neve, R Feiler, H Han, J Kuo, WL Bayani, N Siwak, D Mills, G Spellman, P Shokat, K McCormick, F Gray, JW Korn, WM AF Mirzoeva, Olga Gendelman, Rina Knight, Zachary Neve, Richard Feiler, Heidi Han, Ju Kuo, Wen-Lin Bayani, Norah Siwak, Doris Mills, Gordon Spellman, Paul Shokat, Kevan McCormick, Frank Gray, Joe W. Korn, W. Michael TI Synergistic effects of multi-level targeting of the MAPK and P13-kinase pathways in breast cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mirzoeva, Olga; Gendelman, Rina; Knight, Zachary; Shokat, Kevan; McCormick, Frank; Korn, W. Michael] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Neve, Richard; Feiler, Heidi; Han, Ju; Kuo, Wen-Lin; Bayani, Norah; Spellman, Paul; Gray, Joe W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Houston, TX USA. [Siwak, Doris; Mills, Gordon] MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 3474S EP 3475S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 245WH UT WOS:000251969000426 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, Paraic A. Bissell, Mina J. TI TACE-dependent EGFR ligand shedding: A new target in basal breast cancer SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kenny, Paraic A.; Bissell, Mina J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 3608S EP 3609S PN 2 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 245WH UT WOS:000251969000831 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Du, Y Khudyakov, I Fan, Q Gao, H Ning, DG Wolk, CP Xu, XD AF Zhang, Wei Du, Ye Khudyakov, Ivan Fan, Qing Gao, Hong Ning, Degang Wolk, C. Peter Xu, Xudong TI A gene cluster that regulates both heterocyst differentiation and pattern formation in Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA; NOSTOC-PUNCTIFORME; RESPONSE REGULATOR; HETR FUNCTION; EXPRESSION; PATS; NTCA; DNA; MAINTENANCE; NITROGENASE AB Wild-type Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, produces single heterocysts at semi-regular intervals. asr0100 (patU5) and alr0101 (patU3) are homologous to the 5' and 3' portions of patU of Nostoc punctiforme. alr0099 (hetZ) overlaps the 5' end of patU5. hetZ, patU5 and patU3 were all upregulated, or expressed specifically, in proheterocysts and heterocysts. Mutants of hetZ showed delayed or no heterocyst differentiation. In contrast, a patU3 mutation produced a multiple contiguous heterocyst (Mch) phenotype and restored the formation of otherwise lost intercalary heterocysts in a patA background. Decreasing the expression of patU3 greatly increased the frequency of heterocysts in a mini-patS strain. Two promoter regions and two principal, corresponding transcripts were detected in the hetZ-patU5-patU3 region. Transcription of hetZ was upregulated in a hetZ mutant and downregulated in a patU3 mutant. When mutants hetZ::C.K2 and hetZ::Tn5-1087b were nitrogen-deprived, P-hetC-gfp was very weakly expressed, and in hetZ::Tn5-1087b, P-hetR-gfp was relatively strongly expressed in cells that had neither a regular pattern nor altered morphology. We conclude that the hetZ-patU5-patU3 cluster plays an important role in co-ordination of heterocyst differentiation and pattern formation. The presence of homologous clusters in filamentous genera without heterocysts is suggestive of a more general role. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. St Petersburg State Univ, All Russia Res Inst Agr Microbiol, St Petersburg, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Biol Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM xux@ihb.ac.cn RI FAN, QING/G-6356-2012 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1443 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05997.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 235RO UT WOS:000251252200012 PM 18045384 ER PT J AU Malnoy, M Jin, Q Borejsza-Wysocka, EE He, SY Aldwinckle, HS AF Malnoy, M. Jin, Q. Borejsza-Wysocka, E. E. He, S. Y. Aldwinckle, H. S. TI Overexpression of the apple MpNPR1 gene confers increased disease resistance in malus x domestica SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; I-KAPPA-B; SALICYLIC-ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DEFENSE RESPONSES; TRANSGENIC APPLE; FIRE BLIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; ENHANCED RESISTANCE AB The NPR1 gene plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance in plants. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis and rice results in increased disease resistance and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. An NPR1 homolog, MpNPRI-1, was cloned from apple (Malus x domestica) and overexpressed in two important apple cultivars, Galaxy and M26. Apple leaf pieces were transformed with the MpNPR1 cDNA under the control of the inducible Pin2 or constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)35S promoter using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Overexpression of MpNPR1 mRNA was shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of some PR genes (PR2, PR5, and PR8) was observed. Resistance to fire blight was evaluated in a growth chamber by inoculation of the shoot tips of our own rooted 30-cm-tall plants with virulent strain Ea273 of Erwinia amy-lovora. Transformed Galaxy lines overexpressing MpNPR1 had 32 to 40% of shoot length infected, compared with 80% in control Galaxy plants. Transformed M26 lines overexpressing MpNPR1 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter also showed a significant reduction of disease compared with control M26 plants. Some MpNPR-overexpressing Galaxy lines also exhibited increased resistance to two important fungal pathogens of apple, Venturia inaequalis and Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae. Selected transformed lines have been propagated for field trials for disease resistance and fruit quality. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Aldwinckle, HS (reprint author), IASMA Res Ctr, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Italy. EM hsal@cornell.edu RI malnoy, mickael/C-5007-2012 NR 68 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1568 EP 1580 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-12-1568 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 232EQ UT WOS:000251001500011 PM 17990964 ER PT J AU Edwards, JS Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS Jiang, Y Nemenman, I Wall, ME AF Edwards, Jeremy S. Faeder, James R. Hlavacek, William S. Jiang, Yi Nemenman, Ilya Wall, Michael E. TI q-bio 2007: a watershed moment in modern biology SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Edwards, Jeremy S.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Mol Genet & Microbiol Canc Res Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Faeder, James R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.; Jiang, Yi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hlavacek, William S.; Nemenman, Ilya; Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nemenman, Ilya; Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Comp & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Edwards, JS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Mol Genet & Microbiol Canc Res Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244; Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515; Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1744-4292 J9 MOL SYST BIOL JI Mol. Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 AR 148 DI 10.1038/msb4100193 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247YR UT WOS:000252119000003 PM 18059443 ER PT J AU Vidrih, S Bramich, DM Hewett, PC Evans, NW Gilmore, G Hodgkin, S Smith, M Wyrzykowski, L Belokurov, V Fellhauer, M Irwin, MJ McMahon, RG Zucker, D Munn, JA Lin, H Miknaitis, G Harris, HC Lupton, RH Schneider, DP AF Vidrih, S. Bramich, D. M. Hewett, P. C. Evans, N. W. Gilmore, G. Hodgkin, S. Smith, M. Wyrzykowski, L. Belokurov, V. Fellhauer, M. Irwin, M. J. McMahon, R. G. Zucker, D. Munn, J. A. Lin, H. Miknaitis, G. Harris, H. C. Lupton, R. H. Schneider, D. P. TI New ultracool and halo white dwarf candidates in SDSS Stripe 82 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; 1ST DATA RELEASE; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; DARK-MATTER; COOL; TELESCOPE; LUMINOSITY; CATALOG; COLORS AB A 2 degrees.5 x 100 degrees region along the celestial equator (Stripe 82) has been imaged repeatedly from 1998 to 2005 by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). A new catalogue of similar to 4 million light-motion curves, together with over 200 derived statistical quantities, for objects in Stripe 82 brighter than r similar to 21.5 has been constructed by combining these data by Bramich et al. This catalogue is at present the deepest catalogue of its kind. Extracting similar to 130 000 objects with highest signal-to-noise ratio proper motions, we build a reduced proper motion diagram to illustrate the scientific promise of the catalogue. In this diagram, disc and halo subdwarfs are well-separated from the cool white dwarf sequence. Our sample of 1049 cool white dwarf candidates includes at least eight and possibly 21 new ultracool H-rich white dwarfs (T-eff < 4000 K) and one new ultracool He-rich white dwarf candidate identified from their SDSS optical and UKIDSS infrared photometry. At least 10 new halo white dwarfs are also identified from their kinematics. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rech Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Vidrih, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM vidrih@ari.uni-heidelberg.de NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 2 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12429.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235AH UT WOS:000251205400003 ER PT J AU Oelgoetz, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL Montenegro, M Nahar, SN Pradhan, AK AF Oelgoetz, J. Fontes, C. J. Zhang, H. L. Montenegro, M. Nahar, S. N. Pradhan, A. K. TI High-temperature behaviour of the helium-like K alpha G ratio: the effect of improved recombination rate coefficients for calcium, iron and nickel SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : formation; X-rays : general ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; HE-LIKE IRON; LINE-INTENSITIES; ATOMIC DATABASE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; FE-XXIV AB It is shown that above the temperature of maximum abundance, recombination rates into the excited states of He-like ions that are calculated using earlier, more approximate methods differ markedly from rates obtained from recent distorted-wave and R-matrix calculations (unified recombination rate coefficients) for Ca, Fe and Ni. The present rates lead to G ratios that are greatly lower than those resulting from the more approximate rates in previous works, by up to a factor of 6 at high electron temperatures. Excellent agreement between the distorted-wave and the R-matrix rates, as well as excellent agreement in the G ratios calculated from them, provides support for the accuracy of these new values which have a broad applicability to the modelling and interpreting of X-ray spectra from a variety of astrophysical and laboratory sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Oelgoetz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM oelgoetz@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 382 IS 2 BP 761 EP 769 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12410.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235AH UT WOS:000251205400021 ER PT J AU Frenken, J Hendriksen, B AF Frenken, Joost Hendriksen, Bas TI The reactor-STM: A real-space probe for Operando nanocatalysis SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; GAS-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES; CATALYTIC-REACTIONS; ELEVATED PRESSURES; SURFACE SCIENCE; CO OXIDATION AB "Looking" on the other side of the pressure gap in heterogeneous catalysis is an essential step in identifying and understanding differences and similarities between the behavior of catalysts under actual operation conditions (operanado) and under the near-vacuum conditions of traditional laboratory experiments. In this article, we demonstrate that real-space, atomic-scale imaging of active catalyst surfaces is possible under realistic or semirealistic reaction conditions with the reactor-STM, a scanning tunneling microscope that is fully integrated with a miniature flow reactor and housed inside an ultrahigh-vacuum system. This special-purpose instrument combines the merits of standard surface-science methods with operanado STM observations of model catalysts in action. We illustrate the strength of this microscope with examples of CO oxidation on platinum surfaces. C1 [Frenken, Joost] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hendriksen, Bas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frenken, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, POB 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM frenken@physics.leidenuniv.nl; blmhendriksen@lbl.gov RI Hendriksen, Bas/B-8427-2013 NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.210 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 247LM UT WOS:000252080800011 ER PT J AU Bluhm, H Havecker, M Knop-Gericke, A Kiskinova, M Schlogl, R Salmeron, M AF Bluhm, Hendrik Haevecker, Michael Knop-Gericke, Axel Kiskinova, Maya Schloegl, Robert Salmeron, Miquel TI In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of gas-solid interfaces at near-ambient conditions SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; METHANE OXIDATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; PD(111) OXIDATION; OXIDE FORMATION; OXYGEN; SURFACES; XPS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a quantitative, chemically specific technique with a probing depth of a few angstroms to a few nanometers. It is therefore ideally suited to investigate the chemical nature of the surfaces of catalysts. Because of the scattering of electrons by gas molecules, XPS is generally performed under vacuum conditions. However, for thermodynamic and/or kinetic reasons, the catalyst's chemical state observed under vacuum reaction conditions is not necessarily the same as that of a catalyst under realistic operating pressures. Therefore, investigations of catalysts should ideally be performed under reaction conditions, that is, in the presence of a gas or gas mixtures. Using differentially pumped chambers separated by small apertures, XPS can operate at pressures of up to 1 Torr, and with a recently developed differentially pumped lens system, the pressure limit has been raised to about 10 Torr. Here, we describe the technical aspects of high-pressure XPS and discuss recent applications of this technique to oxidation and heterogeneous catalytic reactions on metal surfaces. C1 [Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haevecker, Michael] Fritz Haber Inst, Max Planck Soc, Dept Inorgan Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Kiskinova, Maya] Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bluhm, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hbluhm@lbl.gov; mh@fhi-berlin.mpg.de; knop@fhi-berlin.mpg.de; kiskinova@elettra.trieste.it; acsek@fhi-berlin.mpg.de; mbsalmeron@lbl.gov NR 65 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 8 U2 73 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1022 EP 1030 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.211 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 247LM UT WOS:000252080800012 ER PT J AU Stackpole, MM Wise, SS Goodale, BC Duzevik, EG Munroe, RC Thompson, WD Thacker, J Thompson, LH Hinz, JM Wise, JP AF Stackpole, Megan M. Wise, Sandra S. Goodale, Britton C. Duzevik, Eliza Grlickova Munroe, Ray C. Thompson, W. Douglas Thacker, John Thompson, Larry H. Hinz, John M. Wise, John Pierce, Sr. TI Homologous recombination repair protects against particulate chromate-induced chromosome instability in Chinese hamster cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chromate; particulate; XRCC3; RAD51C; chromosome instability; double-strand break; homologous recombination ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; HUMAN BRONCHIAL CELLS; LEAD CHROMATE; ANCHORAGE INDEPENDENCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; SODIUM CHROMATE(VI); HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; EXPOSED WORKERS AB Particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well-established human carcinogens. Cr(VI)-induced tumors are characterized by chromosomal instability (CIN); however, the mechanisms of this effect are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks protect cells from Cr(VI)-induced CIN by focusing on the XRCC3 and RAD51C genes, which play an important role in cellular resistance to DNA double-strand breaks. We used Chinese hamster cells defective in each HR gene (irs3 for RAD51C and irs1SF for XRCC3) and compared with their wildtype parental and cDNA-complemented controls. We found that the intracellular Cr ion levels varied among the cell lines after particulate chromate treatment. Importantly, accounting for differences in Cr ion levels, we discovered that XRCC3 and RAD51C cells treated with lead chromate had increased cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberrations, relative to wildtype and cDNA-complimented cells. We also observed the emergence of high levels of chromatid exchanges in the two mutant cell lines. For example, 1 mu g/cm(2) lead chromate induced 20 and 32 exchanges in XRCC3- and RAD51C-deficient cells, respectively, whereas no exchanges were detected in the wildtype and cDNA-complemented cells. These observations suggest that HR protects cells from Cr(VI)-induced CIN, consistent with the ability of particulate Cr(VI) to induce double-strand breaks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Maine, Wise Lab Environm & Genet Toxicol, Portland, ME 04104 USA. Univ So Maine, Maine Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Portland, ME 04104 USA. Univ So Maine, Dept Appl Sci Med, Portland, ME 04104 USA. MRC, Radiat & Genom Stability Unit, Harwell OX11 0RD, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wise, JP (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Wise Lab Environm & Genet Toxicol, 96 Falmouth St,PO Box 9300, Portland, ME 04104 USA. EM John.Wise@usm.maine.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES010838, R01 ES010838-01A1, R01 ES010838-02, ES10838, R01 ES010838-03, R01 ES010838-04, R01 ES010838-05] NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.06.003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 238SL UT WOS:000251467800014 PM 17662313 ER PT J AU Jung, I Pelton, M Piner, R Dikin, DA Stankovich, S Watcharotone, S Hausner, M Ruoff, RS AF Jung, Inhwa Pelton, Matthew Piner, Richard Dikin, Dmitriy A. Stankovich, Sasha Watcharotone, Supinda Hausner, Martina Ruoff, Rodney S. TI Simple approach for high-contrast optical imaging and characterization of graphene-based sheets SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT OBJECTS; PHASE-CONTRAST; GRAPHITE; MICROSCOPY; NANOPLATELETS AB A simple optical method is presented for identifying and measuring the effective optical properties of nanometer-thick, graphene-based materials, based on the use of substrates consisting of a thin dielectric layer on silicon. High contrast between the graphene-based materials and the substrate is obtained by choosing appropriate optical properties and thickness of the dielectric layer. The effective refractive index and optical absorption coefficient of graphene oxide, thermally reduced graphene oxide, and graphene are obtained by comparing the predicted and measured contrasts. C1 [Jung, Inhwa; Piner, Richard; Dikin, Dmitriy A.; Stankovich, Sasha; Watcharotone, Supinda; Ruoff, Rodney S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Pelton, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hausner, Martina] Ryerson Univ, Dept Chem & Biol, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. RP Ruoff, RS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM r-ruoff@northwestern.edu RI Dikin, Dmitriy/B-7592-2009; Ruoff, Rodney/B-7605-2009; Dikin, Dmitriy/A-1086-2010; Pelton, Matthew/H-7482-2013; Dikin, Dmitriy/B-4649-2014; Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015 OI Dikin, Dmitriy/0000-0001-8100-4502; Pelton, Matthew/0000-0002-6370-8765; NR 28 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 20 U2 151 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3569 EP 3575 DI 10.1021/nl0714177 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600004 ER PT J AU Song, Y Garcia, RM Dorin, RM Wang, HR Qiu, Y Coker, EN Steen, WA Miller, JE Shelnutt, JA AF Song, Yujiang Garcia, Robert M. Dorin, Rachel M. Wang, Haorong Qiu, Yan Coker, Eric N. Steen, William A. Miller, James E. Shelnutt, John A. TI Synthesis of platinum nanowire networks using a soft template SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL TEMPLATES; MICROEMULSION FORMATION; NANOPARTICLE SHAPE; COLLOIDAL SOLUTION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCATALYSIS AB Platinum nanowire networks have been synthesized by chemical reduction of a platinum complex using sodium borohydride in the presence of a soft template formed by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in a two-phase water-chloroform system. The interconnected polycrystalline nanowires possess the highest surface area (53 +/- 1 m(2)/g) and electroactive surface area (32.4 +/- 3.6 m(2)/g) reported for unsupported platinum nanomaterials; the high surface area results from the small average diameter of the nanowires (2.2 nm) and the 2-10 nm pores determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements. Synthetic control over the network was achieved simply by varying the stirring rate and reagent concentrations, in some cases leading to other types of nanostructures including wormlike platinum nanoparticles. Similarly, substitution of a palladium complex for platinum gives palladium nanowire networks. A mechanism of formation of the metal nanowire networks is proposed based on confined metal growth within a soft template consisting of a network of swollen inverse wormlike micelles. C1 [Song, Yujiang; Garcia, Robert M.; Dorin, Rachel M.; Wang, Haorong; Qiu, Yan; Coker, Eric N.; Steen, William A.; Miller, James E.; Shelnutt, John A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Garcia, Robert M.; Dorin, Rachel M.; Wang, Haorong; Qiu, Yan] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Shelnutt, John A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, Greece. RP Song, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM ysong@sandia.gov; jasheln@unm.edu RI Song, Yujiang/A-8700-2009; Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 38 TC 224 Z9 232 U1 23 U2 170 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3650 EP 3655 DI 10.1021/nl0719123 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600019 PM 17999549 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Vinzant, TB Neale, NR Frank, AJ AF Zhu, Kai Vinzant, Todd B. Neale, Nathan R. Frank, Arthur J. TI Removing structural disorder from oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Reducing the dimensionality of transport and recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-EDGE MOVEMENT; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; NANOPARTICLE FILMS; TITANIUM; PHOTOCURRENT; EFFICIENCY; PHOTOCARRIERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION AB We report on the influence of morphological disorder, arising from bundling of nanotubes (NTs) and microcracks; in films of oriented TiO2 NT arrays, on charge transport and recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Capillary stress created during evaporation of liquids from the mesopores of dense TiO2 NT arrays was of sufficient magnitude to induce bundling and microcrack formation. The average lateral deflection of the NTs in the bundles increased with the surface tension of the liquids and with the film thicknesses. The supercritical CO2 drying technique was used to produce bundle-free and crack-free NT films. Charge transport and recombination properties of sensitized films were studied by frequency-resolved modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies. Transport became significantly faster with decreased clustering of the NTs, indicating that bundling creates additional pathways via intertube contacts. Removing such contacts alters the transport mechanism from a combination of one and three dimensions to the expected one dimension and shortens the electron-transport pathway. Reducing intertube contacts also resulted in a lower density of surface recombination centers by minimizing distortion-induced surface defects in bundled NTs. A causal connection between transport and recombination is observed. The dye coverage was greater in the more aligned NT arrays, suggesting that reducing intertube contacts increases the internal surface area of the films accessible to dye molecules. The solar conversion efficiency and photocurrent density were highest for DSSCs incorporating films with more aligned NT arrays owing to an enhanced light-harvesting efficiency. Removing structural disorder from other materials and devices consisting of nominally one-dimensional architectures (e.g., nanowire arrays) should produce similar effects. C1 [Zhu, Kai; Vinzant, Todd B.; Neale, Nathan R.; Frank, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Frank, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM afrank@nrel.gov NR 44 TC 351 Z9 363 U1 17 U2 138 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3739 EP 3746 DI 10.1021/nl072145a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600034 PM 17983250 ER PT J AU Wang, S Szobota, S Wang, Y Volgraf, M Liu, Z Sun, C Trauner, D Isacoff, EY Zhang, X AF Wang, Sheng Szobota, Stephanie Wang, Yuan Volgraf, Matthew Liu, Zhaowei Sun, Cheng Trauner, Dirk Isacoff, Ehud Y. Zhang, Xiang TI All optical interface for parallel, remote, and spatiotemporal control of neuronal activity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; LIGHT-INDUCED ACTIVATION; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; TRANSGENIC MICE; PHOTOSTIMULATION; CELLS; CHANNELRHODOPSIN-2; COMPUTATIONS; CHANNELS; SYSTEM AB A key technical barrier to furthering our understanding of complex neural networks has been the lack of tools for the simultaneous spatiotemporal control and detection of activity in a large number of neurons. Here, we report an all-optical system for achieving this kind of parallel and selective control and detection. We do this by delivering spatiotemporally complex optical stimuli through a digital micromirror spatiotemporal light modulator to cells expressing the light-activated ionotropic glutamate receptor (LiGluR), which have been labeled with a calcium dye to provide a fluorescent report of activity. Reliable and accurate spatiotemporal stimulation was obtained on HEK293 cells and cultured rat hippocampal neurons. This technique should be adaptable to in vivo applications and could serve as an optical interface for communicating with complex neural circuits. C1 [Wang, Sheng; Wang, Yuan; Liu, Zhaowei; Sun, Cheng; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Szobota, Stephanie; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Szobota, Stephanie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Volgraf, Matthew; Trauner, Dirk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trauner, Dirk; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trauner, Dirk; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Sun, Cheng/B-7609-2009; Liu, Zhaowei/A-8521-2010; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Wang, Sheng/F-4095-2012; Wang, Yuan/F-7211-2011; Sun, Cheng/A-8111-2010 OI Sun, Cheng/0000-0002-2744-0896 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3859 EP 3863 DI 10.1021/nl072783t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600056 PM 18034506 ER PT J AU Knappenberger, KL Wong, DB Romanyuk, YE Leone, SR AF Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr. Wong, Daryl B. Romanyuk, Yaroslav E. Leone, Stephen R. TI Excitation wavelength dependence of fluorescence intermittency in CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; SINGLE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHARGE; RELAXATION; ABSORPTION; EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot fluorescence-blinking statistics depend strongly on excitation wavelength. Excitation on the band gap (575 nm) results in inverse-power law "on" time distributions. However, distributions resulting from excitation above the band gap (525 nm) require a truncated power law and are 100 times less likely to display 10-s fluorescence. "Off" time statistics are insensitive to the excitation wavelength. The results may be explained by nonemissive trap states accessed with the higher-photon excitation energies. C1 [Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr.; Wong, Daryl B.; Romanyuk, Yaroslav E.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3869 EP 3874 DI 10.1021/nl0714740 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600058 PM 17994781 ER PT J AU Noy, A Park, HG Fornasiero, F Holt, JK Grigoropoulos, CP Bakajin, O AF Noy, Ateksandr Park, Hyung Gyu Fornasiero, Francesco Holt, Jason K. Grigoropoulos, Costas P. Bakajin, Olgica TI Nanofluidics in carbon nanotubes SO NANO TODAY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; WATER PERMEATION; MASS-TRANSPORT; STATIC PROPERTIES; ION-TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; NANOPORES; DYNAMICS; FABRICATION; DIFFUSION AB Extremely high aspect ratios, molecularly smooth hydrophobic graphitic walls, and nanoscale inner diameters of carbon nanotubes give rise to the unique phenomenon of ultra-efficient transport of water and gas through these ultra-narrow molecular pipes. Water and gas molecules move through nanotube pores orders of magnitude faster than through other pores of comparable size. The proposed water transport mechanism has a distinct similarity to the transport mechanisms of biological ion channels. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements of water transport underscore the importance of nanotube structure in enabling ultra-efficient transport through the pore. C1 [Noy, Ateksandr; Park, Hyung Gyu; Fornasiero, Francesco; Holt, Jason K.; Bakajin, Olgica] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Mol Biophys & Funct Nanostruct Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Park, Hyung Gyu; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Mol Biophys & Funct Nanostruct Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov; bakajin1@llnl.gov RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009; Fornasiero, Francesco/I-3802-2012; Park, Hyung Gyu/F-3056-2013 OI Park, Hyung Gyu/0000-0001-8121-2344 NR 65 TC 169 Z9 171 U1 8 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1748-0132 J9 NANO TODAY JI Nano Today PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1748-0132(07)70170-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 241MD UT WOS:000251659600011 ER PT J AU Frechet, J AF Frechet, Jean TI Dendrimers for the conjugation of small molecule drugs SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Frechet, Jean] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol Foundry Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol Foundry Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 242OU UT WOS:000251735900012 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Suarez, M Baruah, H Martinez-Hernandez, L Xie, KT Baskin, JM Bertozzi, CR Ting, AY AF Fernandez-Suarez, Marta Baruah, Hemanta Martinez-Hernandez, Laura Xie, Kathleen T. Baskin, Jeremy M. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Ting, Alice Y. TI Redirecting lipoic acid ligase for cell surface protein labeling with small-molecule probes SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOTIN LIGASE; LIVING CELLS; BINDING-SITE; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR; LIGANDS; COMPLEX; AZIDES AB Live cell imaging is a powerful method to study protein dynamics at the cell surface, but conventional imaging probes are bulky, or interfere with protein function, or dissociate from proteins after internalization. Here, we report technology for covalent, specific tagging of cellular proteins with chemical probes. Through rational design, we redirected a microbial lipoic acid ligase (LplA) to specifically attach an alkyl azide onto an engineered LplA acceptor peptide (LAP). The alkyl azide was then selectively derivatized with cyclooctyne conjugates to various probes. We labeled LAP fusion proteins expressed in living mammalian cells with Cy3, Alexa Fluor 568 and biotin. We also combined LplA labeling with our previous biotin ligase labeling, to simultaneously image the dynamics of two different receptors, coexpressed in the same cell. Our methodology should provide general access to biochemical and imaging studies of cell surface proteins, using small fluorophores introduced via a short peptide tag. C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ting, AY (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ating@mit.edu OI Baskin, Jeremy/0000-0003-2939-3138 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867, R01 GM072670, R01 GM072670-01] NR 30 TC 188 Z9 189 U1 4 U2 52 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1483 EP 1487 DI 10.1038/nbt1355 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 238OT UT WOS:000251457800039 PM 18059260 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, T Ulrich, P Aloni, S Yang, P AF Kuykendall, Tevye Ulrich, Philipp Aloni, Shaul Yang, Peidong TI Complete composition tunability of InGaN nanowires using a combinatorial approach SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WELL NANOROD ARRAYS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IN1-XGAXN ALLOYS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; BAND-GAP; X-RAY; INXGA1-XN AB The III nitrides have been intensely studied in recent years because of their huge potential for everything from high-efficiency solid-state lighting and photovoltaics to high-power and temperature electronics(1-3). In particular, the InGaN ternary alloy is of interest for solid-state lighting and photovoltaics because of the ability to tune the direct bandgap of this material from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared region. In an effort to synthesize InGaN nitride, researchers have tried many growth techniques(4-13). Nonetheless, there remains considerable difficulty in making high-quality InGaN films and/or freestanding nanowires with tunability across the entire range of compositions. Here we report for the first time the growth of single-crystalline InxGa1-xN nanowires across the entire compositional range from x = 0 to 1; the nanowires were synthesized by low-temperature halide chemical vapour deposition(9) and were shown to have tunable emission from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared region. We propose that the exceptional composition tunability is due to the low process temperature and the ability of the nanowire morphology to accommodate strain-relaxed growth(14), which suppresses the tendency toward phase separation that plagues the thin-film community. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 370 Z9 372 U1 13 U2 177 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 951 EP 956 DI 10.1038/nmat2037 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 236PX UT WOS:000251317000016 PM 17965718 ER PT J AU Shin, K Obukhov, S Chen, JT Huh, J Hwang, Y Mok, S Dobriyal, P Thiyagarajan, P Russell, TP AF Shin, Kyusoon Obukhov, Sergei Chen, Jiun-Tai Huh, June Hwang, Yoontae Mok, Soonchun Dobriyal, Priyanka Thiyagarajan, Pappannan Russell, Thomas P. TI Enhanced mobility of confined polymers SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHAIN PULLOUT; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; WATER; MELTS; SIMULATIONS; VISCOSITY AB Non-classical behaviour, brought about by a confinement that imposes spatial constraints on molecules, is opening avenues to novel applications. For example, carbon nanotubes, which show rapid and selective transport of small molecules across the nanotubes, have significant potential as biological or chemical separation materials for organic solvents or gaseous molecules(1-5). With polymers, when the dimensions of a confining volume are much less than the radius of gyration, a quantitative understanding of perturbations to chain dynamics due to geometric constraints remains a challenge(6-10) and, with the development of nanofabrication processes, the dynamics of confined polymers have significant technological implications(11-17). Here, we describe a weak molecular-weight-dependent mobility of polymers confined within nanoscopic cylindrical pores having diameters smaller than the dimension of the chains in the bulk. On the basis of the chain configuration along the pore axis, the measured mobility of polymers in the confined geometry is much higher than the mobility of the unconfined chain. With the emergence of nanofabrication processes based on polymer flow, the unexpected enhancement in flow and reduction in intermolecular entanglements are of significant importance in the design and execution of processing strategies. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Silvio O Conte Natl Ctr Polymer Res, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Hyperstruct Organ Mat Res Ctr, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RI Chen, Jiun-Tai/B-7762-2014 OI Chen, Jiun-Tai/0000-0002-0662-782X NR 38 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 19 U2 139 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 961 EP 965 DI 10.1038/nmat2031 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 236PX UT WOS:000251317000018 PM 17934464 ER PT J AU Wakabayashi, Y Upton, MH Grenier, S Hill, JP Nelson, CS Kim, JW Ryan, PJ Goldman, AI Zheng, H Mitchell, JF AF Wakabayashi, Y. Upton, M. H. Grenier, S. Hill, J. P. Nelson, C. S. Kim, J. -W. Ryan, P. J. Goldman, A. I. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. TI Surface effects on the orbital order in the single-layered manganite La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; SCATTERING; INTERFACE; PHYSICS; PLANE; ROD AB The question of how bulk electronic order is terminated at a surface is an intriguing one, and one with possible practical implications-for example in nanoscaled systems that may be characterized by their surface behaviour. One example of such order is orbital order, and in principle it should be possible to probe the termination of this order with surface X-ray scattering. Here, we report the first observation of the scattering arising from the termination of bulk orbital order at the surface of a crystal-so-called 'orbital truncation rods'. The measurements, carried out on a cleaved perovskite, La0.5Sr1.5MnO4, reveal that whereas the crystallographic surface is atomically smooth, the orbital 'surface', which is observed through the atomic displacements caused by the orbital order, is much rougher, with a typical scale of the surface roughness of similar to 7 angstrom. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of this scattering shows evidence of a surface-induced second-order transition. C1 Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wakabayashi, Y (reprint author), Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Wakabayashi, Yusuke/F-1621-2010; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014 OI Wakabayashi, Yusuke/0000-0003-3107-0338; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1038/nmat2061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 236PX UT WOS:000251317000020 PM 18026106 ER PT J AU De Boissieu, M Francoual, S Mihalkovic, M Shibata, K Baron, AQR Sidis, Y Ishimasa, T Wu, D Lograsso, T Regnault, LP Gahler, F Tsutsui, S Hennion, B Bastie, P Sato, TJ Takakura, H Currat, R Tsai, AP AF De Boissieu, Marc Francoual, Sonia Mihalkovic, Marek Shibata, Kaoru Baron, Alfred Q. R. Sidis, Yvan Ishimasa, Tsutomu Wu, Dongmei Lograsso, Thomas Regnault, Louis-Pierre Gaehler, Franz Tsutsui, Satoshi Hennion, Bernard Bastie, Pierre Sato, Taku J. Takakura, Hiroyuki Currat, Roland Tsai, An-Pang TI Lattice dynamics of the Zn-Mg-Sc icosahedral quasicrystal and its Zn-Sc periodic 1/1 approximant SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RECIPROCAL SPACE; PHASE; YB; PHONONS; MODES; CONDUCTIVITY; ALLOYS AB Quasicrystals are long-range-ordered materials that lack translational invariance, so the study of their physical properties remains a challenging problem. Here, we have carried out inelastic-X-ray- and neutron-scattering experiments on single-grain samples of the Zn-Mg-Sc icosahedral quasicrystal and of the Zn-Sc periodic cubic 1/1 approximant, with the aim of studying the respective influence of the local order and of the long-range order ( periodic or quasiperiodic) on lattice dynamics. Besides the overall similarities and the existence of a pseudo-gap in the transverse dispersion relation, marked differences are observed, the pseudo-gap being larger and better defined in the approximant than in the quasicrystal. This can be qualitatively explained using the concept of a pseudo-Brillouin-zone in the quasicrystal. These results are compared with simulations on atomic models and using oscillating pair potentials, and the simulations reproduce in detail the experimental results. This paves the way for a detailed understanding of the physics of quasicrystals. C1 CNRS, UJH, INP Grenoble, Sci & Ingn Mar & Procedes, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84228, Slovakia. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RIKEN, SPring 8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795143, Japan. JASRI, SPring 8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Appl Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret & Angew Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP De Boissieu, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, NHMFL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA-35,Bldg 0127,MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Takakura, Hiroyuki/D-6146-2012; Ishimasa, Tsutomu/F-4509-2010; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015 OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 977 EP 984 DI 10.1038/nmat2044 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 236PX UT WOS:000251317000021 PM 17982466 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Long, YT Choi, Y Kang, T Lee, LP AF Liu, Gang Logan Long, Yi-Tao Choi, Yeonho Kang, Taewook Lee, Luke P. TI Quantized plasmon quenching dips nanospectroscopy via plasmon resonance energy transfer SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; CYTOCHROME-C; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES AB We observed quantized plasmon quenching dips in resonant Rayleigh scattering spectra by plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET) from a single nanoplasmonic particle to adsorbed biomolecules. This label-free biomolecular absorption nanospectroscopic method has ultrahigh molecular sensitivity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco & Berkely, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Lee, LP (reprint author), Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PO Box 808, L-223, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lplee@berkeley.edu RI Kang, Taewook/D-4543-2011; OI Long, Yitao/0000-0003-2571-7457 NR 15 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 6 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD DEC PY 2007 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1015 EP 1017 DI 10.1038/nmeth1133 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 236DG UT WOS:000251282600014 PM 18026109 ER PT J AU Sheik-Bahae, M Epstein, RI AF Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor Epstein, Richard I. TI Optical refrigeration SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; LASER-RADIATION; UP-CONVERSION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheik-Bahae, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM msb@unm.edu NR 55 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 6 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 12 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.244 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 236DI UT WOS:000251282800011 ER PT J AU Fluegel, B Mascarenhas, A Snoke, DW Pfeiffer, LN West, K AF Fluegel, B. Mascarenhas, A. Snoke, D. W. Pfeiffer, L. N. West, K. TI Plasmonic all-optical tunable wavelength shifter SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-GAS; MODULATION; GAAS; CONVERSION; NETWORKS; PHONONS; PLASMAS; LIGHT AB At present, wavelength-division-multiplexed fibre lines routinely operate at 10 Gbit s(-1) per channel. The transition from static-path networks to true all-optical networks encompassing many nodes, in which channels are added/dropped and efficiently reassigned, will require improved tools for all-optical wavelength shifting. Specifically, one must be able to shift the carrier wavelength ( frequency) of an optical data signal over tens of nanometres ( a THz range) without the bottleneck of electrical conversion. Popular approaches to this problem make use of the nonlinear interaction between two wavelengths within a semiconductor optical amplifier(1) whereas more novel methods invoke terahertz-frequency electro-optic modulation(2) and polaritons(3). Here we outline the principles and demonstrate the use of optically excited plasmons as a tunable frequency source that can be mixed with a laser frequency through Raman scattering. The scheme is all-optical and enables dynamical control of the output carrier wavelength simply by varying the power of a control laser. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Lab, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM brian_fluegel@nrel.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 12 BP 701 EP 703 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.229 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 236DI UT WOS:000251282800012 ER PT J AU Norman, MR AF Norman, Michael R. TI Superconductivity - A celebration of pairs SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM norman@anl.gov RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 12 BP 837 EP 838 DI 10.1038/nphys803 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238OK UT WOS:000251456900015 ER PT J AU Green, JS Lancaster, KL Akli, KU Gregory, CD Beg, FN Chen, SN Clark, D Freeman, RR Hawkes, S Hernandez-Gomez, C Habara, H Heathcote, R Hey, DS Highbarger, K Key, MH Kodama, R Krushelnick, K Musgrave, I Nakamura, H Nakatsutsumi, M Patel, N Stephens, R Storm, M Tampo, M Theobald, W Van Woerkom, L Weber, RL Wei, MS Woolsey, NC Norreys, PA AF Green, J. S. Lancaster, K. L. Akli, K. U. Gregory, C. D. Beg, F. N. Chen, S. N. Clark, D. Freeman, R. R. Hawkes, S. Hernandez-Gomez, C. Habara, H. Heathcote, R. Hey, D. S. Highbarger, K. Key, M. H. Kodama, R. Krushelnick, K. Musgrave, I. Nakamura, H. Nakatsutsumi, M. Patel, N. Stephens, R. Storm, M. Tampo, M. Theobald, W. Van Woerkom, L. Weber, R. L. Wei, M. S. Woolsey, N. C. Norreys, P. A. TI Surface heating of wire plasmas using laser-irradiated cone geometries SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAST-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; FUSION IGNITION; CODE; DENSITY AB Petawatt lasers can generate extreme states of matter, making them unique tools for high-energy-density physics. Pressures in the gigabar regime can potentially be generated with cone-wire targets when the coupling efficiency is high and temperatures reach 2-4 keV (ref. 1). The only other method of obtaining such gigantic pressures is to use the megajoule laser facilities being constructed (National Ignition Facility and Laser MegaJoule). The energy can be transported over surprisingly long distances but, until now, the guiding mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we present the first definitive experimental proof that the heating is maximized close to the wire surface, by comparison of interferometric measurements with hydrodynamic simulations. New hybrid particle-in-cell simulations show the complex field structures for the first time, including a reversal of the magnetic field on the inside of the wire. This increases the return current in a spatially separated thin layer below the wire surface, resulting in the enhanced level of ohmic heating. There are a significant number of applications in high-energy-density science, ranging from equation-of-state studies to bright, hard X-ray sources, that will benefit from this new understanding of energy transport. C1 STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BX, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Norreys, PA (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. EM p.norreys@rl.ac.uk RI Tampo, Motonobu/I-2897-2012; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; OI chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 12 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1038/nphys755 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238OK UT WOS:000251456900021 ER PT J AU Hanaguri, T Kohsaka, Y Davis, JC Lupien, C Yamada, I Azuma, M Takano, M Ohishi, K Ono, M Takagi, H AF Hanaguri, T. Kohsaka, Y. Davis, J. C. Lupien, C. Yamada, I. Azuma, M. Takano, M. Ohishi, K. Ono, M. Takagi, H. TI Quasiparticle interference and superconducting gap in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; ATOMIC-SCALE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATES; PSEUDOGAP AB High-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductivity is ubiquitous in the cuprates containing CuO2 planes, but each cuprate has its own character. The study of the material dependence of the d-wave superconducting gap (SG) should provide important insights into the mechanism of high-T-c superconductivity. However, because of the 'pseudogap' phenomenon, it is often unclear whether the energy gaps observed by spectroscopic techniques really represent the SG. Here, we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to image nearly optimally doped Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2(Na-CCOC) with T-c=25-28 K. It enables us to observe the quasiparticle interference effect in this material, through which we obtain unambiguous information on the SG. Our analysis of quasiparticle interference in Na-CCOC reveals that the SG dispersion near the gap node is almost identical to that of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi2212) at the same doping level, despite the T-c of Bi2212 being three times higher than that of Na-CCOC. We also find that the SG in Na-CCOC is confined in narrower energy and momentum ranges than Bi2212, which explains-at least in part-the remarkable material dependence of T-c. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Magnet Mat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6010011, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. RP Hanaguri, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Magnet Mat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM hanaguri@riken.jp RI Lupien, Christian/C-2148-2008; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Ohishi, Kazuki/E-9592-2010; Hanaguri, Tetsuo/I-6710-2012; OI Lupien, Christian/0000-0003-1767-8603; Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Ohishi, Kazuki/0000-0003-1494-6502; Hanaguri, Tetsuo/0000-0003-2896-0081; Yamada, Ikuya/0000-0003-2340-131X NR 45 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 12 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1038/nphys753 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238OK UT WOS:000251456900024 ER PT J AU Young, PG Chadwick, MB MacFarlane, RE Talon, P Kawano, T Madland, DC Wilson, WB Wilkerson, C AF Young, P. G. Chadwick, M. B. MacFarlane, R. E. Talon, P. Kawano, T. Madland, D. C. Wilson, W. B. Wilkerson, Cw. TI Evaluation of neutron reactions for ENDF/B-VII: U232-241 and Pu-239 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID FISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; DELAYED-NEUTRON; 14-MEV NEUTRONS; NUCLEAR-DATA; U-238; CAPTURE AB We have completed new evaluations for several actinides in the ENDF/B-VII database and have extensively modified existing evaluations for several other actinides. We compare calculations using the new evaluations with critical assembly reaction rate measurements made at Los Alamos over the past 50 years, covering a range of reactions and differing neutron spectrum and fluence environments. The evaluations are for all neutron-induced reactions with uranium isotopes in the mass range A=232-241 as well as Pu-239, and mostly cover the incident neutron energy range from keV energies to 30 MeV. We combined the results of these analyses with new evaluations of the resolved and/or unresolved resonance regions from Oak Ridge for U-233,U-235,U-238 and with modified ENDF/B-VI resonance evaluations for the other actinides to produce new neutron-induced evaluations spanning the incident neutron energy range from 10(-5) eV to 20 or 30 MeV. Major aspects of this analysis are: systematic accumulation of all relevant experimental data; re-normalization of the neutron data to modern standards; assessment of the applicability of several recent optical model potentials for actinide calculations; interpretation of the experimental results in terms of nuclear theory to allow interpolation and extrapolation of the data into unmeasured regions; and finally, assembly of the experimental and theoretical results into formal evaluated nuclear data files that can be processed for use in applied nuclear programs. In this report we discuss the theoretical analysis and evaluation of all the evaluations, with emphasis on incident neutron energies in the range 10 keV to 20 MeV. We present detailed comparisons of critical assembly simulations with the measurements and include tables of the experimental results. The critical assembly measurements include reaction rates for (n,f), (n,gamma), and (n,2n) reactions obtained in the Godiva, Jezebel, Topsy, Bigten, and Flattop assemblies. The evaluations described here are on file at the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the ENDF/B-VII database. C1 [Young, P. G.; Chadwick, M. B.; MacFarlane, R. E.; Talon, P.; Kawano, T.; Madland, D. C.; Wilson, W. B.; Wilkerson, Cw.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pgy@lanl.gov NR 260 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 12 BP 2589 EP 2654 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.11.002 PG 66 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 250EN UT WOS:000252282900002 ER PT J AU Herman, M Capote, R Carlson, BV Oblozinsky, P Sin, M Trkov, A Wienke, H Zerkin, V AF Herman, M. Capote, R. Carlson, B. V. Oblozinsky, P. Sin, M. Trkov, A. Wienke, H. Zerkin, V. TI EMPIRE: Nuclear reaction model code system for data evaluation SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID PRE-EQUILIBRIUM DECAY; HOLE STATE DENSITIES; MULTISTEP-COMPOUND; STATISTICAL-MODEL; LEVEL DENSITIES; EXCITON MODEL; CROSS-SECTIONS; METABOLIC RADIOTHERAPY; FISSION-BARRIER; PREEQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS AB EMPIRE is a modular system of nuclear reaction codes, comprising various nuclear models, and designed for calculations over a broad range of energies and incident particles. A projectile can be a neutron, proton, any ion (including heavy-ions) or a photon. The energy range extends from the beginning of the unresolved resonance region for neutron-induced reactions (similar to keV) and goes up to several hundred MeV for heavy-ion induced reactions. The code accounts for the major nuclear reaction mechanisms, including direct, pre-equilibrium and compound nucleus ones. Direct reactions are described by a generalized optical model (ECIS03) or by the simplified coupled-channels approach (CCFUS). The pre-equilibrium mechanism can be treated by a deformation dependent multi-step direct (ORION + TRISTAN) model, by a NVWY multi-step compound one or by either a pre-equilibrium exciton model with cluster emission (PCROSS) or by another with full angular momentum coupling (DEGAS). Finally, the compound nucleus decay is described by the full featured Hauser-Feshbach model with gamma-cascade and width-fluctuations. Advanced treatment of the fission channel takes into account transmission through a multiple-humped fission barrier with absorption in the wells. The fission probability is derived in the WKB approximation within the optical model of fission. Several options for nuclear level densities include the EMPIRE-specific approach, which accounts for the effects of the dynamic deformation of a fast rotating nucleus, the classical Gilbert-Cameron approach and pre-calculated tables obtained with a microscopic model based on HFB single-particle level schemes with collective enhancement. A comprehensive library of input parameters covers nuclear masses, optical model parameters, ground state deformations, discrete levels and decay schemes, level densities, fission barriers, moments of inertia and gamma-ray strength functions. The results can be converted into ENDF-6 formatted files using the accompanying code EMPEND and completed with neutron resonances extracted from the existing evaluations. The package contains the full EXFOR (CSISRS) library of experimental reaction data that are automatically retrieved during the calculations. Publication quality graphs can be obtained using the powerful and flexible plotting pack-age ZVView. The graphic user interface, written in Tcl/Tk, provides for easy operation of the system. This paper describes the capabilities of the code, outlines physical models and indicates parameter libraries used by EMPIRE to predict reaction cross sections and spectra, mainly for nucleon-induced reactions. Selected applications of EMPIRE are discussed, the most important being an extensive use of the code in evaluations of neutron reactions for the new US library ENDF/B-VII.0. Future extensions of the system are outlined, including neutron resonance module as well as capabilities of generating covariances, using both KALMAN and Monte-Carlo methods, that are still being advanced and refined. C1 [Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Capote, R.; Zerkin, V.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Carlson, B. V.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, Dept Fis, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Sin, M.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys Nucl, Bucharest, Romania. [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Reactor Phys Div, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Wienke, H.] Belgonucl SA, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mwherman@bnl.gov RI Carlson, Brett/I-2168-2013; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Carlson, Brett/0000-0003-4756-2230; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 161 TC 306 Z9 309 U1 3 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 12 BP 2655 EP 2715 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.11.003 PG 61 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 250EN UT WOS:000252282900003 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Frankle, S Trellue, H Talou, P Kawano, T Young, PC MacFarlane, RE Wilkerson, C AF Chadwick, M. B. Frankle, S. Trellue, H. Talou, P. Kawano, T. Young, P. C. MacFarlane, R. E. Wilkerson, Cw. TI Evaluated iridium, yttrium, and thulium cross sections and integral validation against critical assembly and Bethe sphere measurements SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH-KERMAN-KOONIN; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; COMPOUND EMISSION; TECHNOLOGY; IR-190 AB We describe new dosimetry (radiochemical) ENDF evaluations for yttrium, iridium, and thulium. These LANL2006 evaluations were based upon measured data and on nuclear model cross section calculations. In the case of iridium and yttrium, new measurements using the GEANIE gamma-ray detector at LANSCE were used to infer (n, xn) cross sections, the measurements being augmented by nuclear model calculations using the GNASH code. The thulium isotope evaluations were based on GNASH calculations and older measurements. The evaluated cross section data are tested through comparisons of simulations with measurements of reaction rates in critical assemblies and in Bethe sphere (sometimes called Wyman sphere) integral experiments. Two types of Bethe sphere experiments were studied - a LiD experiment that had a significant component of 14 MeV neutrons, and a LiD-U experiment that additionally had varying amounts of fission neutrons depending upon the location. These simulations were performed with the MCNP code using continuous energy Monte Carlo, and because the neutron fluences can be modeled fairly accurately by MCNP at different locations in these assemblies, the comparisons provide a valuable validation test of the accuracy of the evaluated cross sections and their energy dependencies. The MCNP integral reaction rate validation testing for the three detectors yttrium, iridium, and thulium, in the LANL2006 database is summarized as follows: (1) (n, 2n) near 14 Me V: In 14 MeV-dominated locations (the LiD, Bethe spheres and the outer regions of the LiD-U Bethe spheres), the (n, 2n) products are modeled very well for all three detectors, suggesting that the evaluated Y-89(n, 2n), Ir-191(n, 2n), and Tm-169(n, 2n) cross sections are accurate to better than about 5% near 14 MeV; (2) (n, 2n) near threshold: In locations that have a significant number of fission spectrum neutrons or downscattered neutrons from 14 MeV inelastic scattering (the central regions of the LiD-U spheres and the fast critical assemblies), the (n, 2n) products are overpredicted. by 5-30% for the three detectors, suggesting either the threshold region (n, 2n) cross sections are too high, or that the MCNP-simulated neutron flux is too large for neutron energies above about 8 MeV; (3) Capture: The capture products for yttrium are modeled accurately for the LiD Bethe spheres, but are underpredicted by about 20% for the LiD-U Bethe spheres and the critical assemblies; for iridium-191 they are predicted accurately in the critical assemblies; and for thulium they are generally overpredicted. by 10-30%; (4) Inelastic scattering in iridium: The evaluated Ir-193(n, n') Ir-193m cross section performs well over a very wide range of neutron spectra (where the 193m/190 spectrum hardness index varies by over three orders of magnitude), the differences between simulation and experiment typically being better than 10-15%; (5) Iridium 193m/190 spectrum hardness index: Our simulations reproduce the measured 193m/190 data typically to better than 10-20% over three orders of magnitude in the 193m/190 ratio. The aforementioned indications from data testing involving assemblies containing actinides that the (n, 2n) products are overpredicted by 5-30% - could be used to motivate a decrease in the evaluated (n, 2n) cross sections in the approximately 8-12 MeV range. However, at this stage we have not modified these cross sections since: (a) They are consistent with the cross section laboratory measurements; and (b) It is possible that the cross sections are correct and instead the simulated integral assembly neutron spectrum is too high for neutron energies above 8 MeV. The latter possibility is particularly intriguing given all three detector materials showed a bias in the same direction, and that the evaluated actinide prompt fission spectra and inelastic scattering data are probably uncertain to at least 20% above 8 MeV. We also discuss refinements needed in the transport methods to faithfully represent the evaluated data. C1 [Chadwick, M. B.; Frankle, S.; Trellue, H.; Talou, P.; Kawano, T.; Young, P. C.; MacFarlane, R. E.; Wilkerson, Cw.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 12 BP 2716 EP 2741 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.11.005 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 250EN UT WOS:000252282900004 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P Bauge, E Hilaire, S Dossantos-Uzarralde, P Garrett, PE Becker, JA Nelson, RO AF Chadwick, M. B. Kawano, T. Talou, P. Bauge, E. Hilaire, S. Dossantos-Uzarralde, P. Garrett, P. E. Becker, J. A. Nelson, R. O. TI Yttrium ENDF/B-VII data from theory anti LANSCE/GEANIE measurements and covariances estimated using Bayesian and Monte-Carlo methods SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; ENERGY-RANGE; N,2N REACTIONS; Y-89; RATIOS; MODEL; N' AB Yttrium plays an important role as a radiochemical dosimetry detector for determining high energy 14 MeV neutron fluences, through measurement of (n,2n) activation products. The total (n,2n) cross section is known rather well from extensive activation measurements on the stable Y-89 isotope, and from a previous activation measurement on the unstable Y-88 ground state. However, until now the branching ratios to the ground state and excited isomers in (88)y via the Y-89 (n,2n) reaction were not well known, and furthermore, uncertainty estimates were not available for these cross sections and branching ratios. This paper describes how gamma-ray transitions between states in (n,2n) and (n,n') reactions measured using the GEANIE detector at Los Alamos' LANSCE facility, together with theory predictions using the GNASH code, enable us to determine these quantities for the ENDF/B-VII evaluation. A previous measurement by Dietrich, at Livermore, provided important complementary information to the GEANIE analysis. We describe an uncertainty quantification analysis that uses the GNASH-KALMAN approach to evaluate cross sections for the Y-89 (n,2n) population of the Y-88 ground state and two meta-stable isomers (ml and m2), along with their uncertainties. Our new results agree with Arthur's historic Los Alamos evaluated cross sections within a few percent below 15 MeV (with larger differences above 15 MeV). The (n,2n) cross sections to the Y-88 ground state and ml, m2 isomers impact the average Y-88(n,2n)(87)y cross section at leading-order; we determine this 14.1 MeV average cross section Y-88(n,2n)(87)y = 1107 mb (+/- 4%), which agrees with the value obtained from Arthur's evaluation to 0.7%. An alternative method to predict cross sections, uncertainties, and covariance data, is described that uses the European TALYS reaction modeling; code and a Backward-Forward Monte-Carlo uncertainty quantification technique. This approach uses a microscopic optical model, together with Hauser-Feshbach and preequilibrium reaction mechanisms, and the underlying model parameters and their uncertainties and correlations are determined through a Monte-Carlo filtering method based on comparisons with measured cross section data. We compare the results obtained using this approach with the GNASH-KALMAN method. The evaluated cross sections are rather similar in the two approaches. We show how the uncertainty information, as embodied in the resulting covariance matrices, is also qualitatively similar in both approaches. C1 [Chadwick, M. B.; Kawano, T.; Talou, P.; Nelson, R. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bauge, E.; Hilaire, S.; Dossantos-Uzarralde, P.] CEA, DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Garrett, P. E.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Becker, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 12 BP 2742 EP 2755 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.11.004 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 250EN UT WOS:000252282900005 ER PT J AU Saltiel, DH AF Saltiel, David H. TI Assessing and addressing increased stakeholder and operator information needs in nuclear fuel cycle facilities: Two concepts SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE public confidence; nonproliferation; safeguards; process monitoring AB Nuclear energy programs around the world increasingly find themselves at the nexus of potentially conflicting demands from both domestic and international stakeholders. On one side, the rapid growth in demand for electricity coupled with the goal of reducing carbon emissions calls for a significant expansion of nuclear energy. On the other, stakeholders are seeking ever greater safety, environmental, security, and nonproliferation assurances before consenting to the construction of new nuclear energy facilities. Satisfying the demand for clean energy supplies will require nuclear energy operators to find new and innovative ways to build confidence among stakeholders. This paper discusses two related concepts which can contribute to meeting the needs of key stakeholders in cost effective and efficient ways. Structured processes and tools for assessing stakeholder needs can build trust and confidence while facilitating the "designing-in" of information collection systems for new facilities to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated approaches to monitoring facilities and managing the resulting data can provide stakeholders with continued confidence while offering operators additional facility and process information to improve performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Saltiel, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1373, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM dhsaiti@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA 150 DEOKJIN-DONG, YUSEONG-GU, DAEJEON, 305-353, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 691 EP 696 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 298BG UT WOS:000255660600002 ER PT J AU Tsuboyama, T Arai, Y Fukuda, K Hara, K Hayashi, H Hazumi, M Ida, J Ikeda, H Ikegami, Y Ishino, H Kawasaki, T Kohriki, T Komatsubara, H Martin, E Miyake, H Mochizuki, A Ohno, M Saegusa, Y Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, T Terada, S Unno, Y Ushiroda, Y Varner, G AF Tsuboyama, Toru Arai, Yasuo Fukuda, Koichi Hara, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Hirokazu Hazumi, Masashi Ida, Jiro Ikeda, Hirokazu Ikegami, Yoichi Ishino, Hirokazu Kawasaki, Takeo Kohriki, Takashi Komatsubara, Hirotaka Martin, Elena Miyake, Hideki Mochizuki, Ai Ohno, Morifumi Saegusa, Yuuji Tajima, Hiro Tajima, Osamu Takahashi, Tomiaki Terada, Susumu Unno, Yoshinobu Ushiroda, Yutaka Varner, Gary TI R&D of a pixel sensor based on 0.15 mu m fully depleted SOI technology SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 2006) CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Perugia, ITALY SP INFN, Univ Degli, Studi Perugia, Hamamatsu Photon, Micron, CAEN DE monolithic pixel sensor; SOICMOS technology ID DETECTOR; DESIGN AB Development of a monolithic pixel detector based on Sol (silicon on insulator) technology was started at KEK in 2005. The substrate of the Sol wafer is used as a radiation sensor. At end of 2005, we submitted several test-structure group (TEG) chips for the 150 run, fully depleted CMOS process. The TEG designs and preliminary results are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsuboyama, Toru; Arai, Yasuo; Hazumi, Masashi; Ikegami, Yoichi; Kohriki, Takashi; Tajima, Hiro; Terada, Susumu; Unno, Yoshinobu; Ushiroda, Yutaka] KEK, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Fukuda, Koichi; Hayashi, Hirokazu; Ida, Jiro; Komatsubara, Hirotaka; Ohno, Morifumi] Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. [Hara, Kazuhiko; Mochizuki, Ai] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Ishino, Hirokazu; Saegusa, Yuuji; Takahashi, Tomiaki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawasaki, Takeo] Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan. [Martin, Elena; Varner, Gary] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Miyake, Hideki] Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Tajima, Hiro] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. RP Tsuboyama, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM toru.tsuboyama@kek.jp RI Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015 OI Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 3 BP 861 EP 865 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.07.111 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 245IJ UT WOS:000251928000035 ER PT J AU O'Connor, P Geary, J Gilmore, K Oliver, J Radeka, V Takacs, P AF O'Connor, P. Geary, J. Gilmore, K. Oliver, J. Radeka, V. Takacs, P. TI Technology of the LSST focal plane SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 2006) CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Perugia, ITALY SP INFN, Univ Degli, Studi Perugia, Hamamatsu Photon, Micron, CAEN ID PROBE AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, now in the research and development phase, will undertake a wide angle, deep survey of the entire southern sky starting in 2014. The survey database will support a wide variety of astrophysical investigations, with particular emphasis on elucidating the nature of dark energy. To achieve its science goals, LSST will incorporate a silicon-based focal plane with unprecedented size (3 Gpixel), speed (2 s readout), and sensitivity (high QE over 3 50-1000 nm wavelength). The technologies to be used in the LSST camera are described, with an emphasis on the silicon sensors and readout electronics. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.; Takacs, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Geary, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilmore, K.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Oliver, J.] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM poc@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 3 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.07.120 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 245IJ UT WOS:000251928000042 ER PT J AU Bernstein, R Thornberg, SM Assink, RA Mowery, DM Alam, MK Irwin, AN Hochrein, JM Derzon, DK Klamo, SB Clough, RL AF Bernstein, Robert Thornberg, Steven M. Assink, Roger A. Mowery, Daniel M. Alam, M. Kathleen Irwin, Adriane N. Hochrein, James M. Derzon, Dora K. Klamo, Sara B. Clough, Roger L. TI Insights into oxidation mechanisms in gamma-irradiated polypropylene, utilizing selective isotopic labeling with analysis by GC/MS, NMR and FTIR SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Ionizing Radiation and Polymers CY SEP 23-28, 2006 CL Antalya, TURKEY DE polymer irradiation; polymer oxidation; polymer degradation; polypropylene; isotopic labeling; volatile degradation products; C-13 labeling; C-13NMR ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; SOLID-STATE; THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; C-13 NMR; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMER REACTIONS; PHOTODEGRADATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; PHOTOOXIDATION AB In an effort to shed additional light on the chemical mechanisms underlying the radiation-oxidation of polypropylene (PP), we are using samples having selective C-13 isotopic labeling at the three unique sites within the macromolecular structure. After radiation exposure, we applied GC/MS, solid-state C-13 NMR, and FTIR to evaluate the applicability of each technique in identifying the molecular labeling of the oxidation products, with the goal of determining the site of origin of the products with respect to the macromolecule. Using GC/MS, we have identified the position of origin Of CO2 and CO from the polymer. Most of the CO2 (60%) and CO (>90%) come from the C(1) (methylene) position of PP, with (30%) of the CO2 originating from the C(3) (methyl) position, and 10% coming from the C(2) (tertiary) position. By GC/MS we have also identified the labeling patterns in four volatile oxidation products (acetone, methylisobutylketone, isobutane, and methyl acetate), and have used this information to map each compound onto the macromolecular framework. Using NMR we have quantified the time-dependent formation of solid-phase degradation products occurring from post-irradiation aging of PP samples held for 28 months at room temperature in air. Most of the solid oxidation products occur at the C(2) (tertiary) site; the predominant species, C(2) peroxides, increase linearly during the first 2 years, after which they plateau at a relatively high concentration. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bernstein, Robert; Thornberg, Steven M.; Assink, Roger A.; Mowery, Daniel M.; Alam, M. Kathleen; Irwin, Adriane N.; Hochrein, James M.; Derzon, Dora K.; Clough, Roger L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Klamo, Sara B.] CALTECH, Beckman Labs Chem Synth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Clough, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM traveler1949@comcast.net RI Bernstein, Robert/F-8396-2013 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2007 VL 265 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.08.100 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 246RP UT WOS:000252025000003 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zu, XT Wang, ZG Gao, F Wang, XY Heinisch, HL Kurtz, RT AF Yang, L. Zu, X. T. Wang, Z. G. Gao, F. Wang, X. Y. Heinisch, H. L. Kurtz, R. T. TI Interaction of helium-vacancy clusters with edge dislocations in alpha-Fe SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE molecular static; edge dislocation; helium-vacancy cluster; alpha-Fe ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DEFECT PRODUCTION; IRON; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION; MIGRATION; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; BUBBLES; ALLOY AB Molecular static calculations were performed to evaluate the formation energies and binding energies of helium-vacancy (He-V) clusters in and near the core of an a/2 < 1 1 1 >{1 1 0} edge dislocation in alpha-Fe with empirical potentials. The formation energies of these He-V clusters and their binding energies to the dislocation depend on the hehum-to-vacancy ratio of the clusters. For the ratio equal to or larger than 1, the helium-vacancy clusters have negative binding energies on the compression side of the dislocation and strong positive binding energy on the tension side. However, for the ratio less than 1, the He-V clusters have positive binding energy on the both sides near the dislocation core. On the slip plane, the binding energies of the He-V clusters to the dislocation depend on not only the helium-to-vacancy ratio, but also the cluster size. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, L.; Zu, X. T.; Wang, Z. G.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Yang, L.] China W Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Informat, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.; Heinisch, H. L.; Kurtz, R. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, X. Y.] China Acad Engn Phys, Natl Key Lab Surface Phys & Chem, Mianyang 621907, Peoples R China. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2007 VL 265 IS 2 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.10.007 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 246IX UT WOS:000252001800014 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Zhitnitsky, A AF Kharzeev, Dmitri Zhitnitsky, Ariel TI Charge separation induced by P-odd bubbles in QCD matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GAUGE-THEORIES; HIGH-ENERGY; THETA DEPENDENCE; PARITY VIOLATION; CP INVARIANCE; DOMAIN-WALLS; FIELD-THEORY; HOT QCD; INSTANTONS AB We examine the recent suggestion that P- and CP-odd effects in QCD ma,tter can induce electric charge asymmetry with respect to reaction plane in relativistic heavy ion collisions. General arguments are given which confirm that the angular momentum of QCD matter in the presence, of nonzero topological charge should induce an electric field aligned along the axis of the angular momentum. A simple formula relating the magnitude of charge asymmetry to the angular momentum and topological charge is derived. The expected asymmetry is amenable to experimental observation at RHIC and LHC; we discuss the recent preliminary STAR result in light of our findings. Possible implications of charge sepai cosmology and astrophysics are discussed as well. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kharzeev, Dmitri] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhitnitsky, Ariel] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov; arz@physics.ubc.ca NR 77 TC 227 Z9 232 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 797 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.10.001 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 244HC UT WOS:000251856000004 ER PT J AU Osipenko, M Melnitchouk, W Simula, S Kulagin, S Ricco, G AF Osipenko, M. Melnitchouk, W. Simula, S. Kulagin, S. Ricco, G. CA CLAS Collaboration TI Experimental moments of the nucleon structure function F-2 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th High-Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum ChromoDynamics CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP French Minist Res & Educ, Montpellier Town & Dist, Reg Languedoc Roussillon Septimanie, Univ Montpellier 2, IN2P3 CNRS AB Experimental data on the F-2 structure functions of the proton and deuteron, including recent results from CLAS at Jefferson Lab, have been used to construct their n <= 12 moments. A comprehensive analysis of the moments in terms of the operator product expansion has been performed to separate the moments into leading and higher twist contributions. Particular attention was paid to the issue of nuclear corrections in the deuteron, when extracting the neutron moments from data. The difference between the proton and neutron moments was compared directly with lattice QCD simulations. Combining leading twist moments of the neutron and proton we found the d/u ratio at x -> 1 approaching 0, although the precision of the data did not allow to exclude the 1/5 value. The higher twist components of the proton and neutron moments suggest that multi-parton correlations are isospin independent. C1 [Osipenko, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Melnitchouk, W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Simula, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Kulagin, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Ricco, G.] Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Osipenko, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RI Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; OI Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Simula, Silvano/0000-0002-5533-6746 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 174 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.079 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259XY UT WOS:000252975400006 ER PT J AU Ohtani, M Hidaka, Y Morimatsu, O AF Ohtani, M. Hidaka, Y. Morimatsu, O. TI Vector meson spectrum at finite temperature in hidden local symmetry model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th High-Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum ChromoDynamics CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP French Minist Res & Educ, Montpellier Town & Dist, Reg Languedoc Roussillon Septimanie, Univ Montpellier 2, IN2P3 CNRS AB The restoration of chiral symmetry is reflected in many phenomenological consequences as changes in the spectrum of mesons. We study the temperature dependence of the vector-meson spectrum based on a model with hidden local symmetry (HLS), which is an effective model bridging the energy scale between chiral perturbation theory and QCD. We calculate vector meson spectrum and the complex pole of the propagator in the HLS model making use of resummation and low-temperature expansion. We find that in low temperature region the width of the spectrum grows gradually as temperature increases, while the mass of the vector meson drops rapidly in higher temperature. We discuss our results compared with the vector manifestation scenario in which the chiral partner of the pion is identified as the longitudinal mode of the vector meson. C1 [Ohtani, M.; Morimatsu, O.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Hidaka, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohtani, M (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 174 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.126 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259XY UT WOS:000252975400049 ER PT J AU Choi, AS Pierce, RA Edwards, TB Calloway, TB AF Choi, A. S. Pierce, R. A. Edwards, T. B. Calloway, T. B. TI Physical property modeling of concentrated cesium eluate solutions - Part I: Derivation of models SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE physical property modeling; cesium ion-exchange eluate; evaporation AB Both experimental and process simulation studies were performed to develop physical property models of the concentrated cesium ion-exchange eluate solutions in one of the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant evaporators. The physical properties of interest included the bulk solubility, density, viscosity, and heat capacity of the evaporator bottoms, and the proposed model of each response was a linear mixture model containing 12 coefficients. A unique feature of this work is that the values of these coefficients were determined by the regression of the "virtual" experimental data, which were not measured but were calculated using a computer process model that simulated the semibatch evaporation of cesium eluate solutions. To improve the accuracy of calculated virtual experimental data and the resulting physical property models, a series of benchscale evaporation tests was also conducted to provide the necessary experimental data for the development of a multielectrolyte thermodynamic database on which the computer process model was built. Specifically, the solubility and other physical properties of selected binary, ternary, and higher-order systems were measured to support the optimization of a sexenary database for the Na-K-Cs-Al-HNO3-H2O system. As the input to the virtual experimental runs, a matrix of cesium eluate simulants was designed within the bounding concentrations of the major analytes identified in radioactive samples. The computer process model was then run in conjunction with the sexenary thermodynamic database to calculate the physical properties of each matrix solution concentrated to the target end points of 80 and 100% saturation. The calculated physical properties were analyzed statistically and fitted into the 12-coefficient mixture function of temperature and the concentrations of major analytes in the unevaporated eluate. Over the concentration and temperature ranges considered, the resulting empirical physical property models were found to correlate the computer-generated data well without significant bias. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Choi, AS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM robert.pierce@srnl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 160 IS 3 BP 361 EP 373 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 239CW UT WOS:000251497100010 ER PT J AU Rodier, F Campisi, J Bhaumik, D AF Rodier, Francis Campisi, Judith Bhaumik, Dipa TI Two faces of p53: aging and tumor suppression SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; IN-VIVO; MICE DEFICIENT; CELL SENESCENCE; CHECKPOINT ACTIVATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; OLD-AGE AB The p53 tumor suppressor protein, often termed guardian of the genome, integrates diverse physiological signals in mammalian cells. In response to stress signals, perhaps the best studied of which is the response to DNA damage, p53 becomes functionally active and triggers either a transient cell cycle arrest, cell death (apoptosis) or permanent cell cycle arrest (cellular senescence). Both apoptosis and cellular senescence are potent tumor suppressor mechanisms that irreversibly prevent damaged cells from undergoing neoplastic transformation. However, both processes can also deplete renewable tissues of proliferation-competent progenitor or stem cells. Such depletion, in turn, can compromise the structure and function of tissues, which is a hallmark of aging. Moreover, whereas apoptotic cells are by definition eliminated from tissues, senescent cells can persist, acquire altered functions, and thus alter tissue microenvironments in ways that can promote both cancer and aging phenotypes. Recent evidence suggests that increased p53 activity can, at least under some circumstances, promote organismal aging. Here, we discuss the role of p53 as a key regulator of the DNA damage responses, and discuss how p53 integrates the outcome of the DNA damage response to optimally balance tumor suppression and longevity. C1 [Rodier, Francis; Bhaumik, Dipa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodier, Francis; Campisi, Judith] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Bhaumik, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cycloton Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dbhaumik@buckinstitute.org FU PHS HHS [LB05-000446] NR 102 TC 189 Z9 204 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 22 BP 7475 EP 7484 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm744 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248BI UT WOS:000252125900012 PM 17942417 ER PT J AU Zemla, A Geisbrecht, B Smith, J Lam, M Kirkpatrick, B Wagner, M Slezak, T Zhou, CE AF Zemla, Adam Geisbrecht, Brian Smith, Jason Lam, Marisa Kirkpatrick, Bonnie Wagner, Mark Slezak, Tom Zhou, Carol Ecale TI STRALCP-structure alignment-based clustering of proteins SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION; ASSIGNMENT; HOMOLOGY; DATABASE; MODELS AB Protein structural annotation and classification is an important and challenging problem in bioinformatics. Research towards analysis of sequence structure correspondences is critical for better understanding of a protein's structure, function, and its interaction with other molecules. Clustering of protein domains based on their structural similarities provides valuable information for protein classification schemes. In this article, we attempt to determine whether structure information alone is sufficient to adequately classify protein structures. We present an algorithm that identifies regions of structural similarity within a given set of protein structures, and uses those regions for clustering. In our approach, called STRALCP (STRucture ALignment-based Clustering of Proteins), we generate detailed information about global and local similarities between pairs of protein structures, identify fragments (spans) that are structurally conserved among proteins, and use these spans to group the structures accordingly. We also provide a web server at http://as2ts.llnl.gov/AS2TS/STRALCP/ for selecting protein structures, calculating structurally conserved regions and performing automated clustering. C1 [Zemla, Adam; Smith, Jason; Lam, Marisa; Kirkpatrick, Bonnie; Wagner, Mark; Slezak, Tom; Zhou, Carol Ecale] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Geisbrecht, Brian] Univ Missouri, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Zemla, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM adamz@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 22 AR e150 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm1049 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248BI UT WOS:000252125900002 PM 18039711 ER PT J AU Chang, B AF Chang, B. TI The conjugate gradient method solves the neutron transport equation h-optimally SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE neutron transport equation; conjugate gradient method; discontinuous Galerkin method; scalable algorithm ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION AB We report a serendipitous finding that the conjugate gradient method is able to obtain the solution to the linear system derived by the discontinuous Galerkin method for the discrete-ordinate approximation of the mono-energetic time-independent neutron transport equation to a specified accuracy in a number of iterations which is bounded independently of the order of the system. A theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is given. The results of an experiment to test the theory are presented. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chang, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chang, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808 L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bchang@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 10 BP 751 EP 769 DI 10.1002/nla.551 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 244JD UT WOS:000251861300001 ER PT J AU Smoot, GF AF Smoot, G. F. TI CMB anisotropies: Their discovery and utilization SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on A Century of Cosmology - Past, Present and Future CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Venice, ITALY ID PRIMORDIAL FIREBALL; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; MICROWAVE; UNIVERSE; FLUCTUATIONS; POLARIZATION; SUPERNOVAE; INFLATION; RADIATION; COSMOLOGY AB This paper is a written and modified version of a talk presented at the conference "A Century of Cosmology" field at San Servolo, Venice, Italy, in August 2007. The talk focuses on some of the cosmology history leading to the discovery and exploitation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation anisotropies. We have made tremendous advances first in the development of the techniques to observe these anisotropies and in observing and interpreting them to extract their contained cosmological information. CMB anisotropies are now a cornerstone in our understanding of the cosmos and our future progress in the field. This is an outcome that Dennis Sciama hoped for and encouraged. C1 [Smoot, G. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smoot, G. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smoot, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 12 BP 1339 EP 1351 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2008-10516-8 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 356EE UT WOS:000259760700003 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX Soong, Y Chyu, MK AF Phuoc, Tran X. Soong, Yee Chyu, Minking K. TI Synthesis of Ag-deionized water nanofluids using multi-beam laser ablation in liquids SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser ablation in liquid; Ag-deionized water nanofluid ID NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDS; ENHANCEMENT; SOLIDS; METALS AB Multi-pulse laser ablation of silver in deionized water was studied. The laser beams were arranged in a cross-beam configuration. In our experiments, two single-mode, Q-switched Nd-Yag lasers operating at 1064 nm, pulse duration of 5.5ns and 10Hz rep rate were used. The laser fluence of the second beam was 0.265 J/cm(2) for all tests. Two levels of the laser fluences were used for the ablating beam: 0.09 and 0.265 J/cm(2) (11,014 and 33,042 j/cm(2) at the focal point, respectively). The silver target was at 50 mm from the cell window and 10mm deep. The second beam was aligned parallelly with the silver target and focused at 2mm in front of the focal point of the ablating beam. For all cases, the delay time between the ablating beam and the cross-beam was 40 mu s. In general, the ablated particles were almost all spherical. For fluence of 0.09 J/cm(2) and single-beam approach, the mean particle size was about 29 nm. The majority of the particles, however, were in 19-35 nm range and there were some big ones as large as 50-60 nm in size. For double-beam approach, the particles were smaller with the average size of about 18 nm and the majority of the particles were in 9-21 nm range with few big one as large as 40nm. For the beam fluence of 0.265J/cm(2) and single-beam configuration, the particle sizes were smaller, the mean particles size was about 18 nm and the majority of the particles were in the range of 10-22 nm with some big one as large as 40 nm. For double-beam approach, the mean particle size was larger (24.2 nm) and the majority of the particle were distributed from 14 to 35 nm with some big particles can be found with sizes as big as 70nm. Preliminary measurements of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the produced samples showed that the thermal conductivity increased about 3-5% and the viscosity increased 3.7% above the base fluid viscosity even with the particle volume concentration as low as 0.0 1%. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tran@netl.doe.gov NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.optiaseng.2007.06.005 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 222WA UT WOS:000250327200001 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI Photon equation of motion with application to the Lamb shift SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FUNCTION AB A photon equation of motion is proposed which is the scalar product of four-vectors and therefore a Lorentz invariant. A photon equation of motion captures the quantum nature of light but yet does not have the standard field-operator form, thereby making practical calculations easier to perform. The equation of motion proposed here is applied to the Lamb shift. No divergences exist, and the result agrees with the observed Lamb shift for the 1S(1/2) state of hydrogen within experimental error. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ritchiel@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 280 IS 1 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.08.003 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 231LC UT WOS:000250947300019 ER PT J AU Xu, J AF Xu, J. TI Benchmarks on tera-scalable models for DNS of turbulent channel flow SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE DNS; Fourier spectral element method; domain decomposition; high Reynolds number AB Due to the extensive requirements of memory and speed for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of channel turbulence, people could only perform DNS at moderate Reynolds number before, However, with he fast development of supercomputers, it has become more and more approachable for researchers to perform DNS of turbulence at high Reynolds number. This makes it imperative to consider the development of tera-scalable DNS codes that are capable of fully exploiting these massively parallel machines. In order to achieve this, three parallel models (I D, 2D and 3D decompositions) have been implemented and benchmarked. All these models have been successfully ported on BlueGene/L. We have benchmarked these models on BG/L at ANL and BGW at IBM Watson center. Details of these models have been described, discussed and presented in this paper. The optimized model can be used to perform DNS at high Reynolds number in the near future. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jin_xu@anl.gov RI Xu, Jin/C-7751-2014 OI Xu, Jin/0000-0002-1147-7408 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 12 BP 780 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2007.06.002 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 245HY UT WOS:000251926900002 ER PT J AU Ertle, WJ Barat, K AF Ertle, William J. Barat, Ken TI The illuminated laser warning sign SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 [Ertle, William J.] Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Barat, Ken] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ertle, WJ (reprint author), Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM billertle@rli.com; kbarat@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTONIC SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 12 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 243QQ UT WOS:000251812800018 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ AF Solovyov, Vyacheslav F. Wiesmann, Harold J. TI Application of low-angle polishing for rapid assessment of the texture and morphology of thick film Y1Ba2Cu3O7 superconducting tapes SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO; coated conductor; texture; diagnostics; twin planes; critical current ID COATED CONDUCTORS; BAF2 PROCESS; PROGRESS; LAYERS AB Metallographic polishing was used for the rapid assessment of the texture quality of 2 mu m thick YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) layers deposited on oxide buffered RABiTS (TM) metal substrates. The YBCO films were grown using the barium fluoride ex situ process. The method is based on partial removal of the YBCO layer by mechanical polishing, resulting in the formation of a 200-300 pm wide wedge of YBCO material with an approximately linear thickness profile. Due to the linearity of the thickness profile of the wedge, the depth below the film surface, of any visible structural detail in the wedge area, can be determined by simply measuring the lateral distance from the detail of interest to the film surface/wedge intersection. In this study the wedge area was inspected by optical microscopy for changes in morphology, twin plane pattern, and YBCO grain size. It is demonstrated how X-ray diffraction, combined with low-angle polishing can help establish the origins of YBCO texture degradation in the sub-surface layers of thick YBCO films. It is concluded that homogeneous nucleation is responsible for the appearance of random texture in sub-surface YBCO layers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Solovyov, Vyacheslav F.; Wiesmann, Harold J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, 76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM solov@bnl.gov RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 467 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.10.005 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244SQ UT WOS:000251886000031 ER PT J AU Arimoto, M Kanai, Y Ueno, M Kataoka, J Kawai, N Tanaka, T Yamamoto, K Takahashi, H Mizuno, T Fukazawa, Y Axelsson, M Kiss, M Bettolo, CM Carlson, P Klamra, W Pearce, M Chen, P Craig, B Kamae, T Madejski, G Ng, JST Rogers, R Tajima, H Thurston, TS Saito, Y Takahashi, T Gunji, S Bjornsson, C Larsson, S Ryde, F Bogaert, G Varner, G AF Arimoto, M. Kanai, Y. Ueno, M. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Tanaka, T. Yamamoto, K. Takahashi, H. Mizuno, T. Fukazawa, Y. Axelsson, M. Kiss, M. Bettolo, C. Marini Carlson, P. Klamra, W. Pearce, M. Chen, P. Craig, B. Kamae, T. Madejski, G. Ng, J. S. T. Rogers, R. Tajima, H. Thurston, T. S. Saito, Y. Takahashi, T. Gunji, S. Bjornsson, Ca. Larsson, S. Ryde, F. Bogaert, G. Varner, G. TI Performance assessment study of the balloon-borne astronomical soft gamma-ray polarimeter PoGOLite SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Nanometer-Scale Quantum Physics CY JAN 24-26, 2007 CL Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci, Tecnol, Tokyo Tech Res Ctr, Physical Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys HO Tokyo Inst Technol DE polarization; gamma-ray; X-ray; balloon experiment C1 [Arimoto, M.; Kanai, Y.; Ueno, M.; Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Tanaka, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. [Axelsson, M.; Kiss, M.; Bettolo, C. Marini; Carlson, P.; Klamra, W.; Pearce, M.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Chen, P.; Craig, B.; Kamae, T.; Madejski, G.; Ng, J. S. T.; Rogers, R.; Tajima, H.; Thurston, T. S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Saito, Y.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Gunji, S.] Yamagata Univ, Yamagata 990, Japan. [Bjornsson, Ca.; Larsson, S.; Ryde, F.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bogaert, G.] Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. [Varner, G.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Arimoto, M (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM arimoto@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp OI Larsson, Stefan/0000-0003-0716-107X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2007.06.051 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 244SS UT WOS:000251886200056 ER PT J AU Chen, CL Asokan, K Chen, YY Chen, PC Liu, YS Chen, JL Chang, CL Lin, HJ Lee, JF Guo, JH AF Chen, C. L. Asokan, K. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, P. C. Liu, Y. S. Chen, J. L. Chang, C. L. Lin, H. J. Lee, J. F. Guo, J. -H. TI Magnetic and electronic properties of CeCO2 studied by synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials and Applications CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CE-VALENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; EDGES; BULK; AU AB The magnetic and electronic properties of CeCo2 bulk and nanoparticles have been investigated using element- specific techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Y-AS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The results of Ce L-3-edge XAS spectra shows a higher spectral weight of 4f(1) configuration in narroparticles with respect to the bulk, which indicates that the valence of Ce is decreased in nanoparticles. In addition, spectroscopic results from the XMCD at Co L-2,L-3-edges and Cc M-4,M-5-edges indicate that CeCo2 undergoes a nonmagnetic to magnetic transition with size reduction. The variations in electronic and magnetic properties of nanoparticles were attributed to the charge transfer related to the sample dimension. C1 [Chen, C. L.; Liu, Y. S.; Chen, J. L.; Chang, C. L.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Chen, C. L.; Chen, Y. Y.; Chen, P. C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Asokan, K.] Inter Univ Accelerator Ctr, New Delhi 110067, India. [Lin, H. J.; Lee, J. F.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Guo, J. -H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. EM clchang@mail.tku.edu.tw RI Chen, Chi Liang/F-4649-2012; Kandasami, Asokan/A-6035-2009; OI Kandasami, Asokan/0000-0002-0613-219X; Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X; Kandasami, Asokan/0000-0002-1602-765X NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 244 IS 12 BP 4526 EP 4529 DI 10.1002/pssb.200777310 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 250OI UT WOS:000252309500034 ER PT J AU Ferrell, SJ Cingoz, A Lapierre, A Nguyen, AT Leefer, N Budker, D Flambaum, VV Lamoreaux, SK Torgerson, JR AF Ferrell, S. J. Cingoz, A. Lapierre, A. Nguyen, A. -T. Leefer, N. Budker, D. Flambaum, V. V. Lamoreaux, S. K. Torgerson, J. R. TI Investigation of the gravitational-potential dependence of the fine-structure constant using atomic dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Radio-frequency E1 transitions between nearly degenerate, opposite-parity levels of atomic dysprosium (Dy) were monitored over an 8-month period to search for a variation in the fine-structure constant alpha. During this time period, data were taken at different points in the gravitational potential of the Sun. The data are fitted to the variation in the gravitational potential yielding a value of (-8.7 +/- 6.6)x10(-6) for k(alpha), the variation of alpha in a changing gravitational potential. This value gives the first laboratory limit independent of assumptions regarding other fundamental constants. In addition, our value of k(alpha) combined with other experimental constraints is used to extract the first limits on k(e) and k(q). These coefficients characterize the variation of m(e)/m(p) and m(q)/m(p) in a changing gravitational potential, where m(e), m(p), and m(q) are electron, proton, and quark masses. The results are k(e)=(4.9 +/- 3.9)x10(-5) and k(q)=(6.6 +/- 5.2)x10(-5). All these results indicate the absence of significant variation at the present level of sensitivity. C1 [Ferrell, S. J.; Cingoz, A.; Leefer, N.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lapierre, A.] TRIUMF, Natl Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Nguyen, A. -T.; Torgerson, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Budker, D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Flambaum, V. V.] Massey Univ, Inst Adv Study, N Shore MSC Auckland, New Zealand. [Lamoreaux, S. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ferrell, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Leefer, Nathan/0000-0002-4940-8432; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.062104 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900012 ER PT J AU Nistazakis, HE Frantzeskakis, DJ Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Carretero-Gonzalez, R Bishop, AR AF Nistazakis, H. E. Frantzeskakis, D. J. Kevrekidis, P. G. Malomed, B. A. Carretero-Gonzalez, R. Bishop, A. R. TI Polarized states and domain walls in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS; TRAPS AB We study spin-polarized states and their stability in the antiferromagnetic phase of spinor (F=1) quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Using analytical approximations and numerical methods, we find various types of polarized states, including patterns of the Thomas-Fermi type, structures featuring a pulse in one component inducing a hole in the other components, states with holes in all three components, and domain walls (DWs). The stability analysis based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations reveals intervals of weak oscillatory instability in families of these states, except for the DWs, which are always stable. The development of the instabilities is examined by means of direct simulations. C1 [Nistazakis, H. E.; Frantzeskakis, D. J.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. [Kevrekidis, P. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Malomed, B. A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Carretero-Gonzalez, R.] San Diego State Univ, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Grp, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Carretero-Gonzalez, R.] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nistazakis, HE (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.063603 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900082 ER PT J AU Oelgoetz, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL AF Oelgoetz, Justin Fontes, Christopher J. Zhang, Hong Lin TI Breakdown of the quasistatic approximation at high densities and its effect on the heliumlike K alpha complex of nickel, iron, and calcium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION LINE-INTENSITIES; HEATED TOKAMAK PLASMAS; HE-LIKE IRON; SPECTRA; DIAGNOSTICS; RECOMBINATION; SATELLITES; RATIOS AB Recent work to include R-matrix data within a larger model comprised mostly of distorted-wave and plane-wave Born data has resulted in the general spectral modeling (GSM) code. It employs a quasistatic approximation, a standard, low-density methodology that assumes the ionization balance is separable from a determination of the excited-state populations that give rise to the spectra. GSM further allows for some states to be treated statistically as contributions to effective rates, instead of being included explicitly in the kinetics model. While these two approximations are known to be valid at low densities, this work investigates using such methods to model high-density, non-LTE emission spectra and determines at what point the approximations break down by comparing to spectra produced by the Los Alamos National Laboratory code ATOMIC which makes no such approximations. As both approximations are used by other astrophysical and low-density modeling codes, the results should be of broad interest. He-like K alpha emission spectra are presented for three elements, Ni, Fe, and Ca, in order to gauge the effect of both the statistical methods and the ground-state-only, quasistatic approximation employed in GSM. This work confirms that at and above the temperature of maximum abundance of the He-like ionization stage, the range of validity for both approximations is sufficient for modeling the low- and moderate-density regimes one typically finds in astrophysical and magnetically confined fusion plasmas. However, a breakdown does occur for sufficiently high densities; we obtain quantitative limits that are significantly higher than previous works. Additionally, this work demonstrates that, while the range of validity for both approximations is sufficient to accurately predict the density-dependent quenching of the z line, the approximations begin to break down at higher densities. Thus, these approximations should be used with greater care when modeling high-density plasmas such as those found in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion and electromagnetic pinch devices. C1 [Oelgoetz, Justin; Fontes, Christopher J.; Zhang, Hong Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oelgoetz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM oelgoetz@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.062504 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900050 ER PT J AU Sanders, JM DuBois, RD Manson, ST Datz, S Deveney, EF Krause, HF Shinpaugh, JL Vane, CR AF Sanders, J. M. DuBois, R. D. Manson, S. T. Datz, S. Deveney, E. F. Krause, H. F. Shinpaugh, J. L. Vane, C. R. TI Ionization in fast atom-atom collisions: The influence and scaling behavior of electron-electron and electron-nucleus interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOSS CROSS-SECTIONS; FAST HELIUM-ATOMS; HE-2+-RARE-GAS COLLISIONS; IONIZING COLLISIONS; MOLECULE COLLISIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; HYDROGEN ATOMS; MEV PROTONS; IONS; CAPTURE AB We report cross sections for ionization of He coincident with electron loss from He, Li, C, O, and Ne projectiles. For He, Li, C, and O projectiles, the cross sections were measured directly, while the Ne cross sections were obtained by transforming results for He projectiles colliding with Ne. We find that, at energies of about 100-500 keV/u, neutral projectiles can ionize a He target almost as effectively as a charged projectile. The contribution to ionization due to electron-electron interactions is found to scale with the number of available projectile electrons. Comparing ionization by the bound electrons on projectiles to ionization by free electrons, we find that the cross sections for ionization by bound electrons are systematically smaller than those for free electrons. C1 [Sanders, J. M.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Phys, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [DuBois, R. D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Manson, S. T.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Datz, S.; Deveney, E. F.; Krause, H. F.; Shinpaugh, J. L.; Vane, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sanders, JM (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Phys, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RI Sanders, Justin/A-7940-2009 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.062710 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900068 ER PT J AU Stetcu, I Barrett, BR van Kolck, U Vary, JP AF Stetcu, I. Barrett, B. R. van Kolck, U. Vary, J. P. TI Effective theory for trapped few-fermion systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; SHORT-RANGE INTERACTIONS; LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; HARMONIC TRAP; SHELL-MODEL; ENERGY AB We apply the general principles of effective field theories to the construction of effective interactions suitable for few- and many-body calculations in a no-core shell model framework. We calculate the spectrum of systems with three and four two-component fermions in a harmonic trap. In the unitary limit, we find that three-particle results are within 10% of known semianalytical values even in small model spaces. The method is very general, and can be readily extended to other regimes, more particles, different species (e.g., protons and neutrons in nuclear physics), or more-component fermions (as well as bosons). As an illustration, we present calculations of the lowest-energy three-fermion states away from the unitary limit and find a possible inversion of parity in the ground state in the limit of trap size large compared to the scattering length. Furthermore, we investigate the lowest positive-parity states for four fermions, although we are limited by the dimensions we can currently handle in this case. C1 [Stetcu, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Barrett, B. R.; van Kolck, U.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Kolck, U.] Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. [van Kolck, U.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vary, J. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stetcu, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.063613 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900092 ER PT J AU Abel, ET Matan, K Chou, FC Isaacs, ED Moncton, DE Sinn, H Alatas, A Lee, YS AF Abel, E. T. Matan, K. Chou, F. C. Isaacs, E. D. Moncton, D. E. Sinn, H. Alatas, A. Lee, Y. S. TI X-ray scattering study of the spin-Peierls transition and soft phonon behavior in TiOCl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEISENBERG-CHAINS; PHASE-TRANSITION; SOLITON LATTICE; SYSTEM CUGEO3; INCOMMENSURATE; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SUSCEPTIBILITY; 2H-TASE2; TIOBR AB We have studied the S=1/2 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet TiOCl using single crystal x-ray diffraction and inelastic x-ray scattering techniques. The Ti ions form staggered spin chains which dimerize below T(c1)=66 K and have an incommensurate lattice distortion between T(c1) and T(c2)=92 K. Based on our measurements of the intensities, wave vectors, and harmonics of the incommensurate superlattice peaks, we construct a model for the incommensurate modulation. The results are in good agreement with a soliton lattice model, though some quantitative discrepancies exist near T(c2). The behavior of the phonons has been studied using inelastic x-ray scattering with similar to 2 meV energy resolution. For the first time, a zone-boundary phonon which softens at the spin-Peierls temperature T(SP) has been observed. Our results show reasonably good quantitative agreement with the Cross-Fisher [Phys. Rev. B. 19, 402 (1979)] theory for the phonon dynamics at wave vectors near the zone boundary and temperatures near T(SP). However, not all aspects of the data can be described, such as the strong overdamping of the soft mode above T(SP). Overall, our results show that TiOCl is a good realization of a spin-Peierls system, where the phonon softening allows us to identify the transition temperature as T(SP)=T(c2)=92 K. C1 [Abel, E. T.; Matan, K.; Moncton, D. E.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chou, F. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Isaacs, E. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sinn, H.; Alatas, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abel, ET (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214304 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100047 ER PT J AU Alemany, MMG Longo, RC Gallego, LJ Gonzalez, DJ Gonzalez, LE Tiago, ML Chelikowsky, JR AF Alemany, M. M. G. Longo, R. C. Gallego, L. J. Gonzalez, D. J. Gonzalez, L. E. Tiago, Murilo L. Chelikowsky, James R. TI Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the static, dynamic, and electronic properties of liquid Pb using real-space pseudopotentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MELTING-POINT; MICROSCOPIC DYNAMICS; ALKALI-METALS; LEAD; LITHIUM; MODEL; SI AB We performed a comprehensive study of the static, dynamic, and electronic properties of liquid Pb at T=650 K, rho=0.0309 angstrom(-3) by means of 216-particle ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on a real-space implementation of pseudopotentials constructed within density-functional theory. The predicted results and available experimental data are in very good agreement, which confirms the adequacy of this technique to achieve a reliable description of the behavior of liquid metals, including their dynamic properties. Although some of the computed properties of liquid Pb are similar to those of simple liquid metals, others differ markedly. Our results show that an appropriate description of liquid Pb requires the inclusion of relativistic effects in the determination of the pseudopotentials of Pb. C1 [Alemany, M. M. G.; Longo, R. C.; Gallego, L. J.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Gonzalez, D. J.; Gonzalez, L. E.] Univ Valladolid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. [Tiago, Murilo L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Computat Mat, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Alemany, MMG (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. RI Gonzalez, Luis/O-8836-2014; PNM, GIR/O-7902-2014 OI Gonzalez, Luis/0000-0001-6264-8329; NR 74 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214203 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100042 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Prado, LM Valvidares, SM Martin, JI Alameda, JM AF Alvarez-Prado, L. M. Valvidares, S. M. Martin, J. I. Alameda, J. M. TI Competing magnetic anisotropies in exchange coupled bilayers with growth-induced orthogonal uniaxial axes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC FILMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SANDWICHES; REVERSAL; GD AB Magnetic anisotropy has been studied in YCo(2)/YCo(2) amorphous bilayers with variable thickness and orthogonal in-plane uniaxial anisotropies of the individual layers induced in the sputtering growth. The study of the magnetization reversal and the effective magnetic anisotropy of the bilayers has been performed as a function of the relative strength of the competing individual-layer anisotropies by magneto-optical measurements and transverse bias initial susceptibility measurements. Analysis of the results on the basis of an analytical phenomenological model and micromagnetic simulations allows the interpretation of the observed behaviors; it reveals the presence of a region at the interface with a strongly reduced anisotropy as well as a nonmonotonic variation of the global effective anisotropy of the bilayer as a function of the top layer thickness. C1 [Alvarez-Prado, L. M.; Valvidares, S. M.; Martin, J. I.; Alameda, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Oviedo 33007, Spain. [Valvidares, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Prado, LM (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, C-Calvo Sotelo S-N, Oviedo 33007, Spain. EM lmap@uniovi.es RI Martin, Jose/C-5250-2013; Alvarez-Prado, Luis /E-6393-2016; Valvidares, Secundino /M-4979-2016 OI Martin, Jose/0000-0003-2256-0909; Alvarez-Prado, Luis /0000-0002-3890-4983; Valvidares, Secundino /0000-0003-4895-8114 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214419 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100067 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Montagnac, G Bruno, P Gruen, DM AF Arenal, R. Montagnac, G. Bruno, P. Gruen, D. M. TI Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy of diamond nanowires present in n-type ultrananocrystalline films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ULTRAVIOLET; NITRIDE AB Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy is employed to investigate ultrananocrystalline diamond films deposited by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Recently, we have shown that the addition of nitrogen in the gas source during synthesis induce the formation of diamond n-type films, exhibiting the highest electrical conductivity at ambient temperature. This point is related with the formation of elongated diamond nanostructures and the presence of sp(2)-bonded carbon in these films. The Raman results presented here confirm these aspects and provide a better and deeper understanding of the nature of these films and their related optical and electronic properties. C1 [Arenal, R.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etude Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Arenal, R.; Bruno, P.; Gruen, D. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Montagnac, G.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon, France. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etude Microstruct, BP 72, F-92322 Chatillon, France. EM raul.arenal@onera.fr RI bruno, paola/G-5786-2011; Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245316 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600068 ER PT J AU Bolesta, AV Zheng, LQ Thompson, DL Sewell, TD AF Bolesta, Alexey V. Zheng, Lianqing Thompson, Donald L. Sewell, Thomas D. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves using the absorbing boundary condition: A case study of methane SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSION; CH4 AB We report a method that enables long-time molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of shock wave loading. The goal is to mitigate the severe interference effects that arise at interfaces or free boundaries when using standard nonequilibrium MD shock wave approaches. The essence of the method is to capture between two fixed pistons the material state at the precise instant in time when the shock front, initiated by a piston with velocity u(p) at one end of the target sample, traverses the contiguous boundary between the target and a second, stationary piston located at the opposite end of the sample, at which point the second piston is also assigned velocity u(p) and the simulation is continued. Thus, the target material is captured in the energy-volume Hugoniot state resulting from the initial shock wave, and can be propagated forward in time to monitor any subsequent chemistry, plastic deformation, or other time-dependent phenomena compatible with the spatial scale of the simulation. For demonstration purposes, we apply the method to shock-induced chemistry in methane based on the adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order force field [S. J. Stuart , J. Chem. Phys. 112, 6472 (2000)]. C1 [Bolesta, Alexey V.; Zheng, Lianqing; Thompson, Donald L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Sewell, Thomas D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bolesta, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Appl Mech, Inst Skaja Str 4-1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM thompsondon@missouri.edu; sewell@lanl.gov RI Zheng, Lianqing/B-4171-2008; Bolesta, Alexey/A-9460-2014 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 224108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.224108 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400030 ER PT J AU Culcer, D Winkler, R AF Culcer, Dimitrie Winkler, R. TI Steady states of spin distributions in the presence of spin-orbit interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-CURRENT; SEMICONDUCTORS; POLARIZATION; RELAXATION; SYSTEMS AB In the presence of spin-orbit interactions, the steady state established for spin distributions in an electric field is qualitatively different from the steady state for charge distributions. This is primarily because the steady state established for spin distributions involves spin precession due to spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate in this work that the spin density matrix in an external electric field acquires two corrections with different dependencies on the characteristic momentum-scattering time. One part is associated with conserved spins, diverges in the clean limit, and is responsible for the establishment of a steady-state spin density in electric fields. Another part is associated with precessing spins, is finite in the clean limit, and is responsible for the establishment of spin currents in electric fields. Scattering between these distributions has important consequences for spin dynamics and spin-related effects, in general, and explains some recent puzzling observations, which are captured by our unified theory. C1 [Culcer, Dimitrie; Winkler, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Culcer, Dimitrie; Winkler, R.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Culcer, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245322 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600074 ER PT J AU Cunningham, NC Qiu, W Hope, KM Liermann, HP Vohra, YK AF Cunningham, Nicholas C. Qiu, Wei Hope, Kevin M. Liermann, Hanns-Peter Vohra, Yogesh K. TI Symmetry lowering under high pressure: Structural evidence for f-shell delocalization in heavy rare earth metal terbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRASEODYMIUM METAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GPA; ELEMENTS; CERIUM AB Heavy rare earth metal terbium has been studied at synchrotron sources using both angular and energy dispersive x-ray diffraction to a maximum pressure of 155 GPa (volume fraction V/V(0)=0.39). The complete regular trivalent rare earth structural sequence, hcp ->alpha-Sm -> double hcp -> fcc -> distorted fcc (hR24), is observed at low pressures except for the undistorted fcc. At 51 +/- 2 GPa, terbium undergoes a 5% volume collapse transitioning to C2/m monoclinic. The open, low symmetry structure is reminiscent of the 4f delocalization phenomenon in the light rare earth metals, particularly the alpha('') phase of cerium. C1 [Cunningham, Nicholas C.; Qiu, Wei; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hope, Kevin M.] Univ Montevallo, Dept Biol Chem & Math, Montevallo, AL 35115 USA. [Liermann, Hanns-Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liermann, Hanns-Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Geophys Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cunningham, NC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 212101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.212101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100002 ER PT J AU Dolinsek, J McGuiness, PJ Klanjsek, M Smiljanic, I Smontara, A Zijlstra, ES Bose, SK Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Canfield, PC AF Dolinsek, J. McGuiness, P. J. Klanjsek, M. Smiljanic, I. Smontara, A. Zijlstra, E. S. Bose, S. K. Fisher, I. R. Kramer, M. J. Canfield, P. C. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Extrinsic origin of the insulating behavior of polygrain icosahedral Al-Pd-Re quasicrystals' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material AB We clarify issues raised in the preceding Comment regarding the viewpoint that the highly porous and oxidized arc-melted polygrain i-Al-Pd-Re samples could reveal intrinsic electrical transport properties of this icosahedral family. Flux-grown single-grain i-Al-Pd-Re samples of superior structural quality do not show insulatinglike behavior, and their transport properties are on common ground with all other Al-based icosahedral families. C1 [Dolinsek, J.; McGuiness, P. J.; Klanjsek, M.] Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Smiljanic, I.; Smontara, A.] Inst Phys, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia. [Zijlstra, E. S.] Univ Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. [Bose, S. K.] Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dolinsek, J (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Smontara, Ana/E-2365-2011 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 216202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.216202 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100100 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, Peter J. TI Atomic arrangement and impurity bonding at a kappa-Al2O3(001)/Al(771) interface: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; KAPPA-ALUMINA; ELECTRON-GAS; BASIS-SET; METALS; DIFFRACTION; KAPPA-AL2O3; SIMULATION AB First-principles optimization of a kappa-alumina-Al(771) superlattice shows that the incompliant oxide causes substantial disorder in the adjacent, soft metal layers. A H "probe atom" is found to bind best in the disrupted metal region, suggesting that this is the locus of initial failure of a protective oxide layer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500090 ER PT J AU Feiguin, AE Heidrich-Meisner, F AF Feiguin, A. E. Heidrich-Meisner, F. TI Pairing states of a polarized Fermi gas trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; ELECTRON-GAS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We study the properties of a one-dimensional (1D) gas of fermions trapped in a lattice by means of the density matrix renormalization group method, focusing on the case of unequal spin populations, and strong attractive interaction. In the low-density regime, the system phase separates into a well-defined superconducting core and a fully polarized metallic cloud surrounding it. We argue that the superconducting phase corresponds to a 1D analog of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, with a quasicondensate of tightly bound bosonic pairs with a finite center-of-mass momentum that scales linearly with the magnetization. In the large density limit, the system allows for four phases: in the core, we either find a Fock state of localized pairs or a metallic shell with free spin-down fermions moving in a fully filled background of spin-up fermions. As the magnetization increases, the Fock state disappears to give room for a metallic phase, with a partially polarized superconducting FFLO shell and a fully polarized metallic cloud surrounding the core. C1 [Feiguin, A. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Microsoft Stn Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Heidrich-Meisner, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Heidrich-Meisner, F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Feiguin, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Microsoft Stn Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009 NR 35 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220508 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400020 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Kirby, BJ Hengartner, NW Trouw, F Erickson, MJ Flexner, SD Kondo, T Adelmann, C Palmstrom, CJ Crowell, PA Chen, WC Gentile, TR Borchers, JA Majkrzak, CF Pynn, R AF Fitzsimmons, M. R. Kirby, B. J. Hengartner, N. W. Trouw, F. Erickson, M. J. Flexner, S. D. Kondo, T. Adelmann, C. Palmstrom, C. J. Crowell, P. A. Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Borchers, J. A. Majkrzak, C. F. Pynn, R. TI Suppression of nuclear polarization near the surface of optically pumped GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SHALLOW DONORS; INJECTION AB We measured the spin dependence of polarized neutrons reflected by a GaAs sample as it was optically pumped. This dependence was correlated with the helicity of the circularly polarized light and found to oscillate with neutron wave vector transfer. The data provide definitive evidence that optically induced nuclear polarization in GaAs is not uniform with depth. Quantitative analysis of the data shows that nuclear polarization is suppressed for tens of nanometers near the surface of GaAs. C1 [Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Kirby, B. J.; Hengartner, N. W.; Trouw, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Erickson, M. J.; Flexner, S. D.; Kondo, T.; Adelmann, C.; Palmstrom, C. J.; Crowell, P. A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Borchers, J. A.; Majkrzak, C. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pynn, R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Adelmann, Christoph/C-1507-2014; OI Adelmann, Christoph/0000-0002-4831-3159; Hengartner, Nicolas/0000-0002-4157-134X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245301 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600053 ER PT J AU Fornari, M Subedi, A Singh, DJ AF Fornari, M. Subedi, A. Singh, D. J. TI Structure and dynamics of perovskite hydrides AMgH(3) (A=Na, K, Rb) in relation to the corresponding fluorides: A first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-HYDRIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; KMGF3; CRYSTAL; NAMGH3; KMGH3; HYDROGEN; BATIO3 AB We report density functional studies of the structure and dynamics of NaMgH3, KMgH3, and RbMgH3 in the cubic perovskite structure as well as the corresponding fluorides and the alloy (Na,Li)MgH3. The hydrides are ionic materials with structural properties very similar to fluorides. However, even though the structures of the hydrides and fluorides are very similar, we find that the dynamics can be quite different. We ascribe these differences to breathing of the hydride ion. This is also reflected in a reduced tendency toward Li off-centering in (Na,Li)MgH3. C1 [Fornari, M.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Subedi, A.; Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fornari, M (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214118 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100039 ER PT J AU Hu, R Hermann, RP Grandjean, F Lee, Y Warren, JB Mitrovic, VF Petrovic, C AF Hu, Rongwei Hermann, R. P. Grandjean, F. Lee, Y. Warren, J. B. Mitrovic, V. F. Petrovic, C. TI Weak ferromagnetism in Fe1-xCoxSb2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR-TRANSITION; METAL TRANSITION; KONDO INSULATOR; FESI; SEMICONDUCTORS; MARCASITE AB Weak ferromagnetism in Fe1-xCoxSb2 is studied by magnetization and Mossbauer measurements. A small spontaneous magnetic moment of the order of similar to 10(-3)mu(B) appears along the b axis for 0.2 <= x <= 0.4. Based on a structural analysis, we argue against extrinsic sources of weak ferromagnetism. We discuss our results in the framework of the nearly magnetic electronic structure of the parent compound FeSb2. C1 [Hu, Rongwei; Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hu, Rongwei; Mitrovic, V. F.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hermann, R. P.; Grandjean, F.] Univ Liege, Dept Phys B5, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Lee, Y.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Warren, J. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Hu, Rongwei/E-7128-2012; Hermann, Raphael/F-6257-2013; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Hermann, Raphael/0000-0002-6138-5624; NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 224422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.224422 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400060 ER PT J AU Iddir, H Fong, DD Zapol, P Fuoss, PH Curtiss, LA Zhou, GW Eastman, JA AF Iddir, H. Fong, D. D. Zapol, P. Fuoss, P. H. Curtiss, L. A. Zhou, G. -W. Eastman, J. A. TI Order-disorder phase transition of the Cu(001) surface under equilibrium oxygen pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METHANOL OXIDATION; METAL-SURFACES; ACTIVE-SITES; CU(100); COPPER; RECONSTRUCTION; REACTIVITY; DIFFUSION; CU(110); ENERGY AB In situ surface x-ray scattering is used to determine the stable oxygen-induced surface structure on Cu(001) at high temperatures and under equilibrium oxygen pressure. The structure is composed of a c(2x2)-O adlayer atop a randomly 3/4-filled Cu layer for temperatures between 473 and 1000 K. Below 473 K, the vacancies in the topmost Cu layer order to form a (2 root 2x root 2)R45 degrees missing row structure. This order-disorder transition is confirmed by first-principles calculations. C1 [Iddir, H.; Fong, D. D.; Zapol, P.; Fuoss, P. H.; Curtiss, L. A.; Zhou, G. -W.; Eastman, J. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fong, D. D.; Fuoss, P. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iddir, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fong@anl.gov; zapol@anl.gov RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 241404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.241404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600016 ER PT J AU Kadashchuk, A Arkhipov, VI Kim, CH Shinar, J Lee, DW Hong, YR Jin, JI Heremans, P Baessler, H AF Kadashchuk, Andrey Arkhipov, Vladimir I. Kim, Chang-Hwan Shinar, Joseph Lee, D. -W. Hong, Y. -R. Jin, Jung-Il Heremans, Paul Baessler, Heinz TI Localized trions in conjugated polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THERMALLY STIMULATED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISORDERED ORGANIC MATERIALS; GEMINATE PAIR RECOMBINATION; MOLECULARLY DOPED POLYMERS; ELECTRIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CARRIER DRIFT; POLARONS AB Experimental and theoretical evidence for charged trions in films of poly[2-(N-carbazolyl)-5-(2'-ethyl)-hexoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene] consisting of two on-chain polarons of the same sign and a trapped polaron of the opposite sign, which can be metastable with respect to both dissociation and recombination, is described. Such trions can be generated by fusion of a free polaron with a neutral polaron pair; this process eliminates the high Coulomb barrier for fusion of two like-charge carriers into a bipolaron (BP). We also argue that trions can be created by photoexcitation of a conjugated polymer, which may create a high density of geminate polaron pairs. Since the metastable trion is anchored by a deeply trapped charge, it is immobile and can be considered as a Coulombically trapped BP, even if the BP may not exist as a free particle. Such localized trions can account for the reversible photoinduced fatigue of the thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and the negative [photoluminescence (PL) quenching] spin 1/2 PL-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) of these films. We also show that the model of reversible UV photoinduced cyclization, recently suggested to explain metastable charged states in substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives, is inconsistent with the obtained TSL and PLDMR results. C1 [Kadashchuk, Andrey; Arkhipov, Vladimir I.] IMEC VZW, SOLO PME, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Kadashchuk, Andrey] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kim, Chang-Hwan; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Chang-Hwan; Shinar, Joseph] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lee, D. -W.; Hong, Y. -R.; Jin, Jung-Il] Korea Univ, Ctr Electro & Photo Respons Mol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, D. -W.; Hong, Y. -R.; Jin, Jung-Il] Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Baessler, Heinz] Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Nucl & Macromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Baessler, Heinz] Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Kadashchuk, A (reprint author), IMEC VZW, SOLO PME, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM kadash@iop.kiev.ua NR 64 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235205 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500058 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Mirman, B Karapetian, E AF Kalinin, Sergei V. Mirman, Boris Karapetian, Edgar TI Relationship between direct and converse piezoelectric effect in a nanoscale electromechanical contact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FORCE AB Linear piezoelectric coupling between mechanical and electrical phenomena is extremely common in inorganic and biological materials and constitutes the basis for multiple applications. In the macroscopic case, the coupling coefficients between electric displacement and strain (direct piezoeffect) and stress and electric field (converse piezoeffect) are equal, the symmetry stemming from the existence of the corresponding thermodynamic potential. Hence, studies of electromechanical coupling provide information on strain-induced polarization change, and vice versa. This is not necessarily the case for the electromechanical coupling (or any other cross-coupled property) in the contact geometry of a scanning probe microscopy or nanoindentation experiment. In this local case, the hypothetical (unknown) thermodynamic potential (G) over tilde (P,psi,...) depends not only on conventional variables (e.g., load P and bias psi), but also on additional free length parameters, e.g. radius of contact, a, or indentation depth, h. Here we derive the relationship between the direct and converse piezoelectric effects in the contact geometry. The implications of the established relationships for nanoscale electromechanical and piezoelectric measurements are analyzed. C1 [Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mirman, Boris; Karapetian, Edgar] Suffolk Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov; mirman@mcs.suffolk.edu; edgark@mcs.suffolk.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 212102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.212102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100003 ER PT J AU Kong, LZ Chelikowsky, JR Neaton, JB Louie, SG AF Kong, Lingzhu Chelikowsky, James R. Neaton, J. B. Louie, Steven G. TI Real-space pseudopotential calculations of spin-dependent electron transport in magnetic molecular junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; CONDUCTANCE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CONTACTS; GAS AB A real-space pseudopotential approach is developed to calculate the spin-dependent transport in nanoscale junctions. Our method is based on self-consistent solution of the Kohn-Sham equation of density functional theory with asymptotic boundary conditions. This method is applied to a simple magnetic molecule, the Sc dimer, bridging nonmagnetic, planar jellium electrodes for a series of molecule-lead spacing. We find that the spin-dependent conductance within this formalism is rather robust over a wide range of electronic coupling parameters. The minority channel of parallel-aligned Sc-2 produces a fairly stable conductance of roughly half of a quantum unit (e(2)/h). Other systems show sensitive dependence on the coupling strength. Atomic origins of the dependence are discussed. C1 [Kong, Lingzhu; Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Ctr Computat Mat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chelikowsky, James R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Neaton, J. B.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kong, LZ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235422 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500107 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Clapsaddle, BJ Wang, YM van Buuren, T Hamza, AV AF Kucheyev, S. O. Clapsaddle, B. J. Wang, Y. M. van Buuren, T. Hamza, A. V. TI Electronic structure of nanoporous ceria from x-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic multiplet calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CORE PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA; OXIDATION; AEROGEL; NANOPARTICLES; METALS; DEPTH; YIELD; OXIDE; CEO2; EDGE AB We study the electronic structure of three-dimensional nanoporous CeO2-x monoliths (aerogels) by soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Atomic multiplet calculations are used to interpret high-resolution Ce M-4,M-5- and N-4,N-5-edge XANES spectra. Results show that aerogels with thicker ligaments, but with the same average size of crystallites, exhibit larger Ce3+ content and, hence, higher oxygen deficiency. C1 [Kucheyev, S. O.; Clapsaddle, B. J.; Wang, Y. M.; van Buuren, T.; Hamza, A. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235420 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500105 ER PT J AU Kurter, C Ozyuzer, L Mazur, D Zasadzinski, JF Rosenmann, D AF Kurter, Cihan Ozyuzer, Lutfi Mazur, Daniel Zasadzinski, John F. Rosenmann, Daniel TI Large energy gaps in CaC(6) from tunneling spectroscopy: Possible evidence of strong-coupling superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB Tunneling in CaC(6) crystals reproducibly reveals superconducting gaps Delta of 2.3 +/- 0.2 meV that are similar to 40% larger than reported earlier. In an isotropic s-wave scenario, that puts CaC(6) into the class of very strongly coupled superconductors, since 2 Delta/kT(c)similar to 4.6, implying that soft Ca phonons are primarily involved in the superconductivity. This conclusion explains the relatively large Ca isotope effect found recently for CaC(6), but it could also signal a strong anisotropy in the electron-phonon interaction. C1 [Kurter, Cihan; Ozyuzer, Lutfi; Mazur, Daniel; Rosenmann, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kurter, Cihan; Mazur, Daniel; Zasadzinski, John F.] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Ozyuzer, Lutfi] Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Izmir, Turkey. RP Kurter, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kurter@anl.gov RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011; Mazur, Daniel/B-8303-2014 OI Mazur, Daniel/0000-0003-2524-5226 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400014 ER PT J AU Lee, B Wang, LW Spataru, CD Louie, SG AF Lee, Byounghak Wang, Lin-Wang Spataru, Catalin D. Louie, Steven G. TI Nonlocal exchange correlation in screened-exchange density functional methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAPS; ELECTRON-GAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; APPROXIMATION; INSULATORS; ENERGIES; ACCURATE; SILICON AB We present a systematic study on the exchange-correlation effects in screened-exchange local density functional method. To investigate the effects of the screened-exchange potential in the band gap correction, we have compared the exchange-correlation potential term in the screened-exchange local density approximation (sX-LDA) formalism with the self-energy term in the GW approximation. It is found that the band gap correction of the sX-LDA method primarily comes from the downshift of valence band states, resulting from the enhancement of bonding and the increase of ionization energy. The band gap correction in the GW method, on the contrary, comes in a large part from the increase of the conduction band energies. We also studied the effects of the screened-exchange potential in the total energy by investigating the exchange-correlation hole in comparison with quantum Monte Carlo calculations. When the Thomas-Fermi screening is used, the sX-LDA method overestimates (underestimates) the exchange-correlation hole in short (long) range. From the exchange-correlation energy analysis, we found that the LDA method yields better absolute total energy than the sX-LDA method. C1 [Lee, Byounghak; Wang, Lin-Wang] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spataru, Catalin D.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Spataru, Catalin D.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louie, Steven G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245114 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600030 ER PT J AU Liu, MZ Guyot-Sionnest, P Lee, TW Gray, SK AF Liu, Mingzhao Guyot-Sionnest, Philippe Lee, Tae-Woo Gray, Stephen K. TI Optical properties of rodlike and bipyramidal gold nanoparticles from three-dimensional computations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; NANORODS; GROWTH; MECHANISM; SHAPE AB Near- and far-field optical properties of several types of gold nanoparticle are investigated with rigorous three-dimensional computational electrodynamics. The primary focus is on the results obtained with the finite-difference time-domain method, although some results obtained with the discrete dipole approximation are also given. We first consider spheres and prolate spheroids, where analytical solutions are available for comparison. The spectra of gold nanorods and pentagonal bipyramids are then investigated and excellent agreement with recent experimental optical spectra is found. The local field enhancement (vertical bar E vertical bar/vertical bar E(0)vertical bar) is studied at the longitudinal plasmon resonance. Sharper structural features produce more significant enhancement and the largest enhancement of more than a factor of 200 is seen around the poles of the bipyramid. The fields within the nanoparticles are also studied. Whereas the field magnitude is nearly uniform within small spheres and spheroids, it can be nonuniform for nanorods and bipyramids. The field magnitude decreases from the center toward the poles in the case of nanorods, but increases rapidly in the case of bipyramids. A large internal field enhancement by more than a factor of 30 is seen for the bipyramids, which suggests that these particles will exhibit strong optical nonlinearities. C1 [Liu, Mingzhao; Guyot-Sionnest, Philippe] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, MZ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM pgs@uchicago.edu; gray@tcg.anl.gov RI Liu, Mingzhao/A-9764-2011 OI Liu, Mingzhao/0000-0002-0999-5214 NR 25 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235428 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500113 ER PT J AU Mafra, DL Samsonidze, G Malard, LM Elias, DC Brant, JC Plentz, F Alves, ES Pimenta, MA AF Mafra, D. L. Samsonidze, G. Malard, L. M. Elias, D. C. Brant, J. C. Plentz, F. Alves, E. S. Pimenta, M. A. TI Determination of LA and TO phonon dispersion relations of graphene near the Dirac point by double resonance Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; FILMS; LAYER AB Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the dispersion of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) and in-plane transverse optic phonon branches near the Dirac K point of monolayer graphene from the analysis of the dispersion of two second-order Raman peaks involving the LA and TO phonons. We show that the velocities of the phonons involved in the double resonance Raman process are given by v(LA)=7.70x10(-3)v(F) and v(TO)=5.47x10(-3)v(F), where v(F) is the Fermi velocity of the associated electrons. The experimental results for the phonon dispersion in monolayer graphene are compared with those for turbostratic graphite and also with different theoretical models. C1 [Mafra, D. L.; Malard, L. M.; Elias, D. C.; Brant, J. C.; Plentz, F.; Alves, E. S.; Pimenta, M. A.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Samsonidze, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samsonidze, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mafra, DL (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Pimenta, Marcos/F-2122-2010; Samsonidze, Georgy/G-3613-2016; Mafra, Daniela/F-7442-2012; Malard, Leandro/B-2292-2013; Brant, Juliana/I-7585-2014; Cunha Elias, Daniel/A-7494-2013 OI Samsonidze, Georgy/0000-0002-3759-1794; , /0000-0003-2015-611X; Brant, Juliana/0000-0002-8931-3403; Cunha Elias, Daniel/0000-0001-5831-8976 NR 28 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 233407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.233407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500020 ER PT J AU Mannella, N Yang, WL Tanaka, K Zhou, XJ Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Zaanen, J Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Mannella, N. Yang, W. L. Tanaka, K. Zhou, X. J. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Zaanen, J. Devereaux, T. P. Nagaosa, N. Hussain, Z. Shen, Z. -X. TI Polaron coherence condensation as the mechanism for colossal magnetoresistance in layered manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; PARTICLE; COLLAPSE; DENSITY AB Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data for the bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 show that, upon lowering the temperature below the Curie point, a coherent polaronic metallic ground state emerges very rapidly with well-defined quasiparticles which track remarkably well the electrical conductivity, consistent with macroscopic transport properties. Our data suggest that the mechanism leading to the insulator-to-metal transition in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 can be regarded as a polaron coherence condensation process acting in concert with the double exchange interaction. C1 [Mannella, N.; Yang, W. L.; Tanaka, K.; Zhou, X. J.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mannella, N.; Yang, W. L.; Tanaka, K.; Zhou, X. J.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mannella, N.; Yang, W. L.; Tanaka, K.; Zhou, X. J.; Hussain, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zaanen, J.] Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Devereaux, T. P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nagaosa, N.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, CREST, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Mannella, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM nmannell@utk.edu; zxshen@stanford.edu RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 233102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.233102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500002 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Han, SW Son, WJ Ackland, GJ Srolovitz, DJ AF Mendelev, Mikhail I. Han, Seungwu Son, Won-Joon Ackland, Graeme J. Srolovitz, David J. TI Simulation of the interaction between Fe impurities and point defects in V SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SI BINARY-ALLOYS; VANADIUM ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; ION IRRADIATION; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METALS AB We report improved results of atomistic modeling of V-Fe alloys. We introduced an electronic structure embedding approach to improve the description of the point defects in first-principles calculations, by including the semicore electrons in some V atoms (those near the interstitial where the semicore levels are broadened) but not those further from the point defect. This enables us to combine good accuracy for the defect within large supercells and to expand the data set of first-principles point defect calculations in vanadium with and without small amounts of iron. Based on these data, previous first-principles work, and new calculations on the alloy liquid, we fitted an interatomic potential for the V-Fe system which describes the important configurations likely to arise when such alloys are exposed to radiation. This potential is in a form suitable for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of large systems. Using the potential, we have calculated the migration barriers of vacancies in the presence of iron, showing that these are broadly similar. On the other hand, MD simulations show that V self-diffusion at high temperatures and Fe diffusion are greatly enhanced by the presence of interstitials. C1 [Mendelev, Mikhail I.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Han, Seungwu] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Son, Won-Joon] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Ackland, Graeme J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Srolovitz, David J.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Son, Won-joon/F-7189-2011; Ackland, Graeme/H-2215-2015 OI Ackland, Graeme/0000-0002-1205-7675 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214105 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100026 ER PT J AU Michael, F Gonzalez, C Mujica, V Marquez, M Ratner, MA AF Michael, Fredrick Gonzalez, Carlos Mujica, Vladimiro Marquez, Manuel Ratner, Mark A. TI Size dependence of ferromagnetism in gold nanoparticles: Mean field results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; INFORMATION THEORY; HYSTERESIS; ANISOTROPY AB In this paper, a simple spin-spin Ising interaction model for the surface ferromagnetism is combined with the bulk Au diamagnetic response to model the size dependence of the magnetization of a Au nanoparticle. Using the maximum entropy formalism, we obtain the average temperature dependent magnetization within a mean field model. Our results qualitatively reproduce recent experimental observations of size-dependent magnetization of Au nanoparticles in which the ferromagnetic moment of thiol-capped nanoparticles is seen to increase for diameters larger than 0.7 nm, peaking at approximately 3 nm, and subsequently decreasing as the particle diameter increases further. C1 [Michael, Fredrick; Gonzalez, Carlos; Mujica, Vladimiro] NIST, NIST Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michael, Fredrick; Mujica, Vladimiro] INEST, Grp Postgrad Program, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. [Mujica, Vladimiro; Ratner, Mark A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Mujica, Vladimiro] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] INEST, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Michael, F (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fredrick.michael@nist.gov; carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov; vladimiro.mujica@nist.gov; manuel.m.sanchez@pmusa.com; ratner@chem.northwestern.edu NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.224409 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400047 ER PT J AU Millis, AJ Norman, MR AF Millis, Andrew J. Norman, M. R. TI Antiphase stripe order as the origin of electron pockets observed in 1/8-hole-doped cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD-MODEL; FERMI-SURFACE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANOMALIES; TRANSPORT; MAGNETISM; PHASE; FIELD AB Recent quantum oscillation measurements on underdoped cuprates are shown to be consistent with the predictions of a mean field theory of the 1/8 magnetic antiphase stripe order proposed to occur in high-T(c) cuprates. In particular, for intermediate values of the stripe order parameter, the magnetotransport is found to be dominated by an electron pocket, whose size is sensitive to the value of the density wave potential. C1 [Millis, Andrew J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Norman, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Millis, AJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 25 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400015 ER PT J AU Moussa, R Wang, B Tuttle, G Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Moussa, R. Wang, B. Tuttle, G. Koschny, Th. Soukoulis, C. M. TI Effect of beaming and enhanced transmission in photonic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; SURFACE; LIGHT; WAVES AB The effect of the modified surface and grating layers on the beaming of the electromagnetic waves from a two dimensional photonic crystal (PC) is presented numerically and experimentally. The role of the two components of the beaming, the transmission of the channel and the directionality, are explicitly analyzed. It is demonstrated that a small change, which consists of taking away one grating from the grating layers, can improve the beaming by 20% and opens up a new window of frequencies with a second beaming in our PC. These experimental observations can be explained by the derived dispersion relation of the surface waves. An animated result concludes this study and recapitulates all the observed effects. C1 [Moussa, R.; Wang, B.; Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moussa, R.; Wang, B.; Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tuttle, G.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tuttle, G.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Moussa, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235417 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500102 ER PT J AU Nelson-Cheeseman, BB Chopdekar, RV Alldredge, LMB Bettinger, JS Arenholz, E Suzuki, Y AF Nelson-Cheeseman, B. B. Chopdekar, R. V. Alldredge, L. M. B. Bettinger, J. S. Arenholz, E. Suzuki, Y. TI Probing the role of the barrier layer in magnetic tunnel junction transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCITATION; INTERFACE; SPECTRA AB Magnetic tunnel junctions with a ferrimagnetic barrier layer have been studied to understand the role of the barrier layer in the tunneling process-a factor that has been largely overlooked until recently. Epitaxial oxide junctions of highly spin polarized La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Fe3O4 electrodes with magnetic NiMn2O4 (NMO) insulating barrier layers provide a magnetic tunnel junction system in which we can probe the effect of the barrier by comparing junction behavior above and below the Curie temperature of the barrier layer. When the barrier is paramagnetic, the spin polarized transport is dominated by interface scattering and surface spin waves; however, when the barrier is ferrimagnetic, spin flip scattering due to spin waves within the NMO barrier dominates the transport. C1 [Nelson-Cheeseman, B. B.; Chopdekar, R. V.; Alldredge, L. M. B.; Bettinger, J. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chopdekar, R. V.; Alldredge, L. M. B.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nelson-Cheeseman, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bbnelsonchee@berkeley.edu RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009 OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220410 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400011 ER PT J AU Norman, MR Chubukov, AV van Heumen, E Kuzmenko, AB van der Marel, D AF Norman, M. R. Chubukov, A. V. van Heumen, E. Kuzmenko, A. B. van der Marel, D. TI Optical integral in the cuprates and the question of sum-rule violation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INPLANE SPECTRAL WEIGHT; CONDENSATION ENERGY; NORMAL-STATE; ELECTRONIC STATES; BEHAVIOR; METALS; MODEL AB Much attention has been given to a possible violation of the optical sum rule in the cuprates and the connection this might have to kinetic energy lowering. The optical integral is composed of a cutoff-independent term (whose temperature dependence is a measure of the sum-rule violation), plus a cutoff-dependent term that accounts for the extension of the Drude peak beyond the upper bound of the integral. We find that the temperature dependence of the optical integral in the normal state of the cuprates can be accounted for solely by the latter term, implying that the dominant contribution to the observed sum-rule violation in the normal state is due to the finite cutoff. This cutoff-dependent term is well modeled by a theory of electrons interacting with a broad spectrum of bosons. C1 [Norman, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chubukov, A. V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [van Heumen, E.; Kuzmenko, A. B.; van der Marel, D.] Univ Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012 OI van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220509 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400021 ER PT J AU Nunner, TS Sinitsyn, NA Borunda, MF Dugaev, VK Kovalev, AA Abanov, A Timm, C Jungwirth, T Inoue, JI MacDonald, AH Sinova, J AF Nunner, Tamara S. Sinitsyn, N. A. Borunda, Mario F. Dugaev, V. K. Kovalev, A. A. Abanov, Ar. Timm, Carsten Jungwirth, T. Inoue, Jun-ichiro MacDonald, A. H. Sinova, Jairo TI Anomalous Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB The anomalous Hall effect in a magnetic two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is studied within the Kubo-Streda formalism in the presence of pointlike potential impurities. We find that all contributions to the anomalous Hall conductivity vanish to leading order in disorder strength when both chiral subbands are occupied. In the situation that only the majority subband is occupied, all terms are finite in the weak scattering limit and the total anomalous Hall conductivity is dominated by skew scattering. We compare our results to previous treatments and resolve some of the discrepancies present in the literature. C1 [Nunner, Tamara S.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Sinitsyn, N. A.; Borunda, Mario F.; Kovalev, A. A.; Abanov, Ar.; Sinova, Jairo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sinitsyn, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Dugaev, V. K.] Rzeszow Univ Technol, Dept Math & Appl Phys, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. [Timm, Carsten] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Jungwirth, T.; Sinova, Jairo] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 16253 6, Czech Republic. [Jungwirth, T.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Inoue, Jun-ichiro] Nagoya Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [MacDonald, A. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Nunner, TS (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Kovalev, Alexey/B-3617-2008; Sinitsyn, nikolai/B-5617-2009; Borunda, Mario/A-1315-2011; Dugaev, Vitalii/A-7465-2014; Sinova, Jairo/G-9071-2014; Jungwirth, Tomas/G-8952-2014 OI Kovalev, Alexey/0000-0002-5884-7154; Dugaev, Vitalii/0000-0002-0999-4051; Sinova, Jairo/0000-0002-9490-2333; Jungwirth, Tomas/0000-0002-9910-1674 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235312 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500071 ER PT J AU Piper, LFJ Colakerol, L Learmonth, T Glans, PA Smith, KE Fuchs, F Furthmueller, J Bechstedt, F Chen, TC Moustakas, TD Guo, JH AF Piper, L. F. J. Colakerol, Leyla Learmonth, Timothy Glans, Per-Anders Smith, Kevin E. Fuchs, F. Furthmueller, J. Bechstedt, F. Chen, Tai-Chou Moustakas, T. D. Guo, J. -H. TI Electronic structure of InN studied using soft x-ray emission, soft x-ray absorption, and quasiparticle band structure calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUP-III NITRIDES; GAP; SURFACES; SPECTRA; ALLOYS; STATES; LEVEL AB The electronic structure of wurtzite InN(000 (1) over bar) thin films has been studied using a combination of soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopies. We measured the elementally and orbitally resolved InN valence and conduction bands by recording the N K-edge spectra. Theoretical calculations of the N 2p partial density of states were performed within the GW framework of many body perturbation theory. Good agreement between the experimental spectra and the calculations was obtained, most notably with the energetic location of the In 4d-N 2p hybridized state in the emission spectrum and the angular dependence of the absorption spectra. C1 [Piper, L. F. J.; Colakerol, Leyla; Learmonth, Timothy; Glans, Per-Anders; Smith, Kevin E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Fuchs, F.; Furthmueller, J.; Bechstedt, F.] Univ Jena, Inst Festkorpertheorie & Opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Chen, Tai-Chou; Moustakas, T. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Guo, J. -H.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Aource, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lfjpiper@physics.org RI Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; Moustakas, Theodore/D-9249-2016; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Moustakas, Theodore/0000-0001-8556-884X; NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245204 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600046 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Devil's staircase and disordering transitions in sliding vortices and Wigner crystals on random substrates with transverse driving SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN VORTEX LATTICES; MOVING GLASS PHASE; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB Using numerical simulations, we show that, in the presence of random quenched disorder, sliding superconducting vortices and Wigner crystals pass through a variety of dynamical phases when an additional transverse driving force is applied. If the disorder is weak, the driven particles form a moving lattice and the transverse response shows a devil's staircase structure as the net driving force vector locks with the symmetry directions of the moving lattice, in agreement with the predictions of Giamarchi and Le Doussal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3408 (1996); Phys. Rev. B 59, 11356 (1998)]. For strong disorder, and particularly for smoothly varying potential landscapes, the transverse response consists of a sequence of disordering transitions with an intervening formation of stable channel structures. C1 [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214305 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100048 ER PT J AU Rougemaille, N Portalupi, M Brambilla, A Biagioni, P Lanzara, A Finazzi, M Schmid, AK Duo, L AF Rougemaille, N. Portalupi, M. Brambilla, A. Biagioni, P. Lanzara, A. Finazzi, M. Schmid, A. K. Duo, L. TI Exchange-induced frustration in Fe/NiO multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPINS; NIO(001) SURFACE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DOMAIN-WALLS; THIN-FILMS; BILAYERS; SYSTEMS; BIAS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Using spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy to study magnetization in epitaxial layered systems, we found that the area vs perimeter relationship of magnetic domains in the top Fe layers of Fe/NiO/Fe(100) structures follows a power-law distribution, with very small magnetic domain cutoff radius (about 40 nm) and domain wall thickness. This unusual magnetic microstructure can be understood as resulting from the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange interactions at the Fe/NiO interfaces, rather than from mechanisms involving the anisotropy and dipolar forces that govern length scales in conventional magnetic domain structures. Statistical analysis of our measurements validates a micromagnetic model that accounts for this interfacial exchange coupling. C1 [Rougemaille, N.; Lanzara, A.; Schmid, A. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rougemaille, N.] Inst Neel, CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Rougemaille, N.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Portalupi, M.; Brambilla, A.; Biagioni, P.; Finazzi, M.; Duo, L.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, L NESS, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Lanzara, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rougemaille, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Biagioni, Paolo/A-9940-2011; Brambilla, Alberto/A-4393-2012; Duo, Lamberto/N-9311-2014; Finazzi, Marco/M-7401-2015 OI Biagioni, Paolo/0000-0003-4272-7040; Brambilla, Alberto/0000-0002-5593-317X; Finazzi, Marco/0000-0002-9197-3654 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214425 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100073 ER PT J AU Rule, KC Ehlers, G Stewart, JR Cornelius, AL Deen, PP Qiu, Y Wiebe, CR Janik, JA Zhou, HD Antonio, D Woytko, BW Ruff, JP Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD Gardner, JS AF Rule, K. C. Ehlers, G. Stewart, J. R. Cornelius, A. L. Deen, P. P. Qiu, Y. Wiebe, C. R. Janik, J. A. Zhou, H. D. Antonio, D. Woytko, B. W. Ruff, J. P. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. Gardner, J. S. TI Polarized inelastic neutron scattering of the partially ordered Tb(2)Sn(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SPIN LIQUID-STATE; ICE; TB2TI2O7; DIFFRACTION; GD2TI2O7; GLASSES; CRYSTAL AB We present inelastic neutron scattering results on the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb(2)Sn(2)O(7). At high temperature T > 50 K, this system resembles the cooperative paramagnet Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7), while at low temperature T similar to 60 mK, it displays remarkably different behavior. Powder neutron scattering, susceptibility, and specific heat techniques have shown that below 0.87 K Tb(2)Sn(2)O(7) enters a partially ordered state that is characterized by two-sublattice ferrimagnetic long-range order which coexists with paramagnetic spin components. We show that (i) the low-temperature state produces a large internal field and collective excitations and (ii) the coexisting paramagnetic state persists down to 0.1 K, with spins fluctuating at a rate greater than 0.04 THz, resulting in a diffuse magnetic background to the diffraction patterns. A low-lying excitation at 1.2 meV partially softens as short-range correlations build up while cooling in the paramagnetic state. C1 [Qiu, Y.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rule, K. C.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stewart, J. R.; Deen, P. P.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Cornelius, A. L.; Antonio, D.; Woytko, B. W.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.; Janik, J. A.; Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ruff, J. P.; Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsg@nist.gov RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 212405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.212405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100013 ER PT J AU Scherz, A Schlotter, WF Chen, K Rick, R Stohr, J Luning, J McNulty, I Gunther, C Radu, F Eberhardt, W Hellwig, O Eisebitt, S AF Scherz, A. Schlotter, W. F. Chen, K. Rick, R. Stohr, J. Luning, J. McNulty, I. Guenther, Ch. Radu, F. Eberhardt, W. Hellwig, O. Eisebitt, S. TI Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SPECIMENS AB We demonstrate phase imaging by means of resonant soft x-ray holography. Our holographic phase-contrast method utilizes the strong energy-dependence of the refractive index at a characteristic x-ray absorption resonance. The general concept is shown by using a Co/Pd multilayer sample which exhibits random nanosized magnetic domains. By tuning below the Co L-edge resonance, our quantitative and spectroscopic phase method allows high-contrast imaging of nanoscale electronic and magnetic order while increasing the probing depth and decreasing the radiation dose by an order of magnitude. The complex refractive index is quantitatively obtained through the interference between resonant and nonresonant scattering. C1 [Scherz, A.; Schlotter, W. F.; Chen, K.; Rick, R.; Stohr, J.; Luning, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.; Chen, K.; Rick, R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. [McNulty, I.; Guenther, Ch.; Radu, F.; Eberhardt, W.; Hellwig, O.; Eisebitt, S.] BESSY mbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [McNulty, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hellwig, O.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Scherz, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM scherz@slac.stanford.edu RI Radu, Florin/B-6725-2011; OI Radu, Florin/0000-0003-0284-7937; Gunther, Christian Michael/0000-0002-3750-7556 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214410 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100058 ER PT J AU Shpyrko, OG Streitel, R Balagurusamy, VSK Grigoriev, AY Deutsch, M Ocko, BM Meron, M Lin, BH Pershan, PS AF Shpyrko, Oleg G. Streitel, Reinhard Balagurusamy, Venkatachalapathy S. K. Grigoriev, Alexei Yu. Deutsch, Moshe Ocko, Benjamin M. Meron, Mati Lin, Binhua Pershan, Peter S. TI Crystalline surface phases of the liquid Au-Si eutectic alloy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; VAPOR INTERFACE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METALLIC GLASSES; CAPILLARY WAVES; NORMAL-ALKANES; RANGE ORDER; N-ALKANES; GA ALLOY; GOLD AB A two-dimensional crystalline layer is found at the surface of the liquid eutectic Au(82)Si(18) alloy above its melting point T(M)=359 degrees C. Underlying this crystalline layer, we find a layered structure, 6-7 atomic layers thick. This surface layer undergoes a first-order solid-solid phase transition occurring at 371 degrees C. The crystalline phase observed for T>371 degrees C is stable up to at least 430 degrees C. Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction data at T>371 degrees C imply lateral order comprising two coexisting phases of different oblique unit cells, in stark contrast with the single phase with a rectangular unit cell found for low-temperature crystalline phase, 359 degrees C < T < 371 degrees C. C1 [Shpyrko, Oleg G.; Streitel, Reinhard; Balagurusamy, Venkatachalapathy S. K.; Grigoriev, Alexei Yu.; Pershan, Peter S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shpyrko, Oleg G.; Streitel, Reinhard; Balagurusamy, Venkatachalapathy S. K.; Grigoriev, Alexei Yu.; Pershan, Peter S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shpyrko, Oleg G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Deutsch, Moshe] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Deutsch, Moshe] Bar Ilan Univ, Inst Nanotechnol & Adv Mat, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Ocko, Benjamin M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Meron, Mati; Lin, Binhua] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Shpyrko, OG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM oshpyrko@physics.ucsd.edu RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012; OI Balagurusamy, Venkat/0000-0002-1994-2634 NR 88 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245436 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600117 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, D. J. TI Antisite defects and traps in perovskite YAlO(3) and LuAlO(3): Density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; CE SCINTILLATOR; ALUMINATE SCINTILLATORS; NON-PROPORTIONALITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON TRAPS; YAP-CE; X-RAY; NONPROPORTIONALITY; REFINEMENT AB Density functional calculations in supercells are used to investigate antisite point defects in YAlO(3) and LuAlO(3). It is found that antisites consisting of an Al on the Y(Lu) site and those consisting of an Y(Lu) on the Al site both have low energy with respect to binary oxide reservoirs. Defects containing Al on the A site yield electron traps at 0.4-0.8 eV below the conduction band edge, while Y(Lu) ions on the Al site do not. Based on this it is suggested that growth conditions that avoid Al on the A site may reduce the number of electron traps in these materials. C1 [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214115 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100036 ER PT J AU Singh, Y Niazi, A Vannette, MD Prozorov, R Johnston, DC AF Singh, Yogesh Niazi, A. Vannette, M. D. Prozorov, R. Johnston, D. C. TI Superconducting and normal-state properties of the layered boride OsB(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; PENETRATION DEPTH; OSMIUM DIBORIDE; PHASE; FIELD AB OsB(2) crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure (Pmmn) which contains alternate boron and osmium layers stacked along the c axis. The boron layers consist of puckered hexagons as opposed to the flat graphite-like boron layers in MgB(2). OsB(2) is reported to become superconducting below 2.1 K. We report results of the dynamic and static magnetic susceptibilities, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, heat capacity, and penetration depth measurements on arc-melted polycrystalline samples of OsB(2) to characterize its superconducting and normal-state properties. These measurements confirmed that OsB(2) becomes a bulk superconductor below T(c) = 2.1 K. Our results indicate that OsB(2) is a moderate-coupling type-II superconductor with an electron-phonon coupling constant lambda(ep) approximate to 0.4-0.5, a small Ginzburg-Landau parameter kappa similar to 1-2, and an upper critical magnetic field H(c2) (0.5K) similar to 420 Oe for an unannealed sample and H(c2)(1 K) similar to 330 Oe for an annealed sample. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density n(s)(T) for the unannealed sample is consistent with an s-wave superconductor with a slightly enhanced zero temperature gap Delta (0)= 1.9k(B)T(c) and a zero temperature London penetration depth lambda(0)=0.38(2) mu m. The n(s)(T) data for the annealed sample show deviations from the predictions of the single-band s-wave BCS model. The magnetic, transport, and thermal properties in the normal state of isostructural and isoelectronic RuB(2), which is reported to become superconducting below 1.6 K, are also reported. C1 [Singh, Yogesh; Niazi, A.; Vannette, M. D.; Prozorov, R.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, Yogesh; Niazi, A.; Vannette, M. D.; Prozorov, R.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singh, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; singh, yogesh/F-7160-2016 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214510 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100094 ER PT J AU Sumant, AV Grierson, DS Gerbi, JE Carlisle, JA Auciello, O Carpick, RW AF Sumant, A. V. Grierson, D. S. Gerbi, J. E. Carlisle, J. A. Auciello, O. Carpick, R. W. TI Surface chemistry and bonding configuration of ultrananocrystalline diamond surfaces and their effects on nanotribological properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; NUCLEATION; CALIBRATION; MICROSCOPY; SILICON; GROWTH AB We present a comprehensive study of surface composition and nanotribology for ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces, including the influence of film nucleation on these properties. We describe a methodology to characterize the underside of the films as revealed by sacrificial etching of the underlying substrate. This enables the study of the morphology and composition resulting from the nucleation and initial growth of the films, as well as the characterization of nanotribological properties which are relevant for applications including micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems. We study the surface chemistry, bonding configuration, and nanotribological properties of both the topside and the underside of the film with synchrotron-based x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy to identify the bonding state of the carbon atoms, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the surface chemical composition, Auger electron spectroscopy to further verify the composition and bonding configuration, and quantitative atomic force microscopy to study the nanoscale topography and nanotribological properties. The films were grown on SiO2 after mechanically polishing the surface with detonation synthesized nanodiamond powder, followed by ultrasonication in a methanol solution containing additional nanodiamond powder. The sp(2) fraction, morphology, and chemistry of the as-etched underside are distinct from the topside, exhibiting a higher sp(2) fraction, some oxidized carbon, and a smoother morphology. The nanoscale single-asperity work of adhesion between a diamond nanotip and the as-etched UNCD underside is far lower than for a silicon-silicon interface (59.2 +/- 2 vs 826 +/- 186 mJ/m(2), respectively). Exposure to atomic hydrogen dramatically reduces nanoscale adhesion to 10.2 +/- 0.4 mJ/m(2), at the level of van der Waals' interactions and consistent with recent ab initio calculations. Friction is substantially reduced as well, demonstrating a direct link between the surface chemistry and nanoscale friction. The proposed mechanism, supported by the detailed surface spectroscopic analysis, is the elimination of reactive (e.g., C-*-), polar (e.g., C = O), and pi-bonded (C = C) surface groups, which are replaced by fully saturated, hydrogen-terminated surface bonds to produce an inert surface that interacts minimally with the contacting counterface. C1 [Sumant, A. V.; Grierson, D. S.; Carpick, R. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gerbi, J. E.; Carlisle, J. A.; Auciello, O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carlisle, J. A.; Auciello, O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sumant, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235429 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500114 ER PT J AU Torikachvili, MS Bud'ko, SL Law, SA Tillman, ME Mun, ED Canfield, PC AF Torikachvili, M. S. Bud'ko, S. L. Law, S. A. Tillman, M. E. Mun, E. D. Canfield, P. C. TI Hydrostatic pressure study of pure and doped La(1-x)R(x)AgSb(2) (R=Ce,Nd) charge-density-wave compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAGSB2 R; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LA-ND; SM; GD; CE; TM AB The intermetallic compound LaAgSb(2) displays two charge-density-wave (CDW) transitions, which were detected with measurements of electrical resistivity (rho), magnetic susceptibility, and x-ray scattering; the upper transition takes place at T(1)approximate to 210 K, and it is accompanied by a large anomaly in rho(T), whereas the lower transition is marked by a much more subtle anomaly at T(2)approximate to 185 K. We studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure (P) on the formation of the upper CDW state in pure and doped La(1-x)R(x)AgSb(2) (R=Ce,Nd) compounds by means of measurements of rho(T) for P <= 23 kbar. We found that the hydrostatic pressure, as well as the chemical pressure introduced by the partial substitution of the smaller Ce and Nd ions for La, results in the suppression of the CDW ground state-e.g., the reduction of the ordering temperature T(1). The values of dT(1)/dP are approximate to 2-4 times higher for the Ce-doped samples as compared to pure LaAgSb(2), or even La(0.75)Nd(0.25)AgSb(2) with a comparable T(1) (P=0). This increased sensitivity to pressure may be due to increasing Ce hybridization under pressure. The magnetic-ordering temperature of the cerium-doped compounds is also reduced by pressure, and the high-pressure behavior of the Ce-doped samples is dominated by Kondo impurity scattering. C1 [Torikachvili, M. S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Law, S. A.; Tillman, M. E.; Mun, E. D.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Law, S. A.; Tillman, M. E.; Mun, E. D.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Torikachvili, MS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 23 AR 235110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235110 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DA UT WOS:000251986500037 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Kalfagiannis, N Logothetidis, S Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Kalfagiannis, N. Logothetidis, S. Pantelides, S. T. TI Structure and interaction of point defects in transition-metal nitrides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUBSTOICHIOMETRIC TITANIUM NITRIDES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TIN; GROWTH; LAYERS; MORPHOLOGY; VACANCIES AB Transition-metal nitrides (TMNs) are used in a variety of applications because of their renowned hardness and stability. Departure from the nominal 1:1 stoichiometry is often observed for TMNs and, therefore, defects have a prevalent role on TMN physical properties. Here, we report the results of first-principles calculations on nitrogen and metal point defects in the prototype system of TiN and in HfN and ZrN. We find features which are common to all systems, while we unravel also key differences. In certain cases-for example, N interstitials in TiN-the interaction between defects is attractive and it favors the formation of defect complexes. Other defects, like N interstitials in HfN and ZrN, do not pair up. We also present results on the effect of point defects on the electronic properties of TiN. Finally, we discuss pertinent experimental data and the implications of our findings on the thermal stability of TMN films. C1 [Tsetseris, L.; Kalfagiannis, N.; Logothetidis, S.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tsetseris, L.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 67 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 224107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.224107 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400029 ER PT J AU Upton, MH Walters, AC Howard, CA Rahnejat, KC Ellerby, M Hill, JP McMorrow, DF Alatas, A Leu, BM Ku, W AF Upton, M. H. Walters, A. C. Howard, C. A. Rahnejat, K. C. Ellerby, M. Hill, J. P. McMorrow, D. F. Alatas, A. Leu, Bogdan M. Ku, Wei TI Phonons in superconducting CaC(6) studied via inelastic x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE AB We investigate the dispersion and temperature dependence of a number of phonons in the recently discovered superconductor CaC(6) utilizing inelastic x-ray scattering. Four [00L] and two ab-plane phonon modes are observed, and measured at temperatures both above and below T(c). In general, our measurements of phonon dispersions are in good agreement with existing theoretical calculations of the phonon dispersion. This is significant in light of several discrepancies between experimental measurements of phonon-derived quantities and theoretical calculations. The present work suggests that the origin of these discrepancies lies in the understanding of the electron-phonon coupling in this material, rather than in the phonons themselves. C1 [Upton, M. H.; Hill, J. P.; Ku, Wei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Walters, A. C.; Howard, C. A.; Rahnejat, K. C.; Ellerby, M.; McMorrow, D. F.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Walters, A. C.; Howard, C. A.; Rahnejat, K. C.; Ellerby, M.; McMorrow, D. F.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Walters, A. C.; McMorrow, D. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Alatas, A.; Leu, Bogdan M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Upton, MH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Hill, John/F-6549-2011 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 220501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.220501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400013 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Southern, BW Lin, KW Guo, ZY Harland, CL Rosenberg, RA Freeland, JW AF van Lierop, J. Southern, B. W. Lin, K. -W. Guo, Z. -Y. Harland, C. L. Rosenberg, R. A. Freeland, J. W. TI Exchange bias in a columnar nanocrystalline Ni80Fe20/CoO thin film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UNCOMPENSATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPINS; UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; NI81FE19/COO BILAYERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; COERCIVITY; DEPENDENCE; ASYMMETRY; MODEL; IRON AB The effects of interfacial coupling at the boundary of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components in a nanoscale columnar-structured thin film of Ni80Fe20/CoO have been examined. Field-cooling the film results in very different temperature dependences of the enhanced coercivity and exchange-bias shift of the hysteresis loop. The exchange-bias temperature dependence is well described by thermal fluctuations of the interfacial spins while the coercivity temperature dependence indicates that single-domain-like columns are being coherently rotated by the thermal fluctuations of the interface spins. Furthermore, only a portion of the spins in the antiferromagnetic layer seem to be associated with the spin coupling that results in exchange bias. X-ray magnetic resonant scattering measurements show clearly the presence of canted Co interfacial moments that provide a local field which enables exchange bias at a significantly higher temperature than the onset of an enhanced coercivity. C1 [van Lierop, J.; Southern, B. W.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Lin, K. -W.; Guo, Z. -Y.] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Taichung 402, Taiwan. [Harland, C. L.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Rosenberg, R. A.; Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 22 AR 224432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.224432 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CZ UT WOS:000251986400070 ER PT J AU Vukmirovic, N Ikonic, Z Indjin, D Harrison, P AF Vukmirovic, Nenad Ikonic, Zoran Indjin, Dragan Harrison, Paul TI Quantum transport in semiconductor quantum dot superlattices: Electron-phonon resonances and polaron effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LO PHONONS; SCATTERING; EMISSION; LASERS; MODEL AB Electron transport in periodic quantum dot arrays in the presence of interactions with phonons was investigated using the formalism of nonequilibrium Green's functions. The self-consistent Born approximation was used to model the self-energies. Its validity was checked by comparison with the results obtained by direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian of interacting electrons and longitudinal optical phonons. The nature of charge transport at electron-phonon resonances was investigated in detail and contributions from scattering and coherent tunneling to the current were identified. It was found that at larger values of the structure period, the main peak in the current-field characteristics exhibits a doublet structure which was shown to be a transport signature of polaron effects. At smaller values of the period, electron-phonon resonances cause multiple peaks in the characteristics. A phenomenological model for treatment of nonuniformities of a realistic quantum dot ensemble was also introduced to estimate the influence of nonuniformities on current-field characteristics. C1 [Vukmirovic, Nenad; Ikonic, Zoran; Indjin, Dragan; Harrison, Paul] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Vukmirovic, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nvukmirovic@lbl.gov; d.indjin@leeds.ac.uk RI Vukmirovic, Nenad/D-9489-2011 OI Vukmirovic, Nenad/0000-0002-4101-1713 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245313 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600065 ER PT J AU Yang, P Batista, ER Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Smith, DL AF Yang, Ping Batista, Enrique R. Tretiak, Sergei Saxena, Avadh Martin, Richard L. Smith, D. L. TI Effect of intramolecular disorder and intermolecular electronic interactions on the electronic structure of poly-p-phenylene vinylene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENE); SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; TRAPS; ORDER AB We investigate the role of intramolecular conformational disorder and intermolecular electronic interactions on the electronic structure of disorder clusters of poly-p-phenylene vinylene (PPV) oligomers. Classical molecular dynamics is used to determine probable molecular geometries, and first-principles density functional theory calculations are used to determine electronic structure. Intramolecular and intermolecular effects are disentangled by contrasting results for densely packed oligomer clusters with those for ensembles of isolated oligomers with the same intramolecular geometries. We find that in PPV electron trap states are induced primarily by intramolecular configuration disorder, while the hole trap states are generated primarily from intermolecular electronic interactions. C1 [Yang, Ping; Batista, Enrique R.; Tretiak, Sergei; Saxena, Avadh; Martin, Richard L.; Smith, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dsmith@lanl.gov RI Yang, Ping/E-5355-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Yang, Ping/0000-0003-4726-2860 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 241201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.241201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600005 ER PT J AU Zhang, FX Lian, J Becker, U Ewing, RC Hu, JZ Saxena, SK AF Zhang, F. X. Lian, J. Becker, U. Ewing, R. C. Hu, Jingzhu Saxena, S. K. TI High-pressure structural changes in the Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) pyrochlore SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GADOLINIUM ZIRCONATE; RADIATION TOLERANCE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-BOUNDARY; FLUORITE-TYPE; WASTE FORM; DISORDER; OXIDES; ION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Pressure-induced structural changes in Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) pyrochlore have been investigated at pressures up to 43 GPa by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. With increasing pressure, the ordered pyrochlore begins to transform to a disordered defect-fluorite-type (cubic) structure up to 15 GPa. Above 15 GPa, a high-pressure (HP) phase forms that has a distorted defect-fluorite-structure of lower symmetry. Upon release of pressure, the HP phase is not stable and gradually transforms back to the cubic defect-fluorite structure. C1 [Zhang, F. X.; Lian, J.; Becker, U.; Ewing, R. C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hu, Jingzhu] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Saxena, S. K.] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Zhang, FX (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umuich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Zhang, Fuxiang/P-7365-2015; Becker, Udo/F-7339-2011 OI Zhang, Fuxiang/0000-0003-1298-9795; Becker, Udo/0000-0002-1550-0484 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214104 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100025 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX McMahan, AK Jones, MD Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Albers, RC AF Zhu, Jian-Xin McMahan, A. K. Jones, M. D. Durakiewicz, T. Joyce, J. J. Wills, J. M. Albers, R. C. TI Spectral properties of delta-plutonium: Sensitivity to 5f occupancy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; T-C; PU; APPROXIMATION; LOCALIZATION; SYSTEMS; STATES AB By combining the local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), we report a systematic analysis of the spectral properties of delta-plutonium with varying 5f occupancy. The LDA Hamiltonian is extracted from a tight-binding fit to full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave calculations. The DMFT equations are solved by the exact quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method and by the Hubbard-I approximation. We demonstrate strong sensitivity of the spectral properties to the 5f occupancy, which suggests using this occupancy as a fitting parameter in addition to the Hubbard U. By comparing with photoemission data, we conclude that the "open shell" 5f(5) configuration gives the best agreement, resolving the controversy over 5f "open shell" versus "close shell" atomic configurations in delta-Pu. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin; Durakiewicz, T.; Joyce, J. J.; Wills, J. M.; Albers, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McMahan, A. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jones, M. D.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 24 AR 245118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245118 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246DB UT WOS:000251986600034 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betts, RR Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, SL Bombara, M Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCDLB Callner, J Catu, O Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, SU Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, E Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, N Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kurnadi, P Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Millane, J Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nepali, C Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qattan, IA Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Relyea, D Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM De Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van der Kolk, N Van Leeuwen, M Molen, AMV Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, J Wu, Y Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yue, Q Yurevich, VI Zawisza, M Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betts, R. R. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, S. -L. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Callner, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, S. U. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, N. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Heppelmann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kurnadi, P. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu. Meschanin, A. Millane, J. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nepali, C. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qattan, I. A. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Relyea, D. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. De Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van der Kolk, N. Van Leeuwen, M. Molen, A. M. Vander Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, J. Wu, Y. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Yurevich, V. I. Zawisza, M. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. TI Forward Lambda production and nuclear stopping power in d+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; PARTICLE PRODUCTION; STAR; DEUTERON; MODEL AB We report the measurement of Lambda and (Lambda) over bar yields and inverse slope parameters in d+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities (y=+/- 2.75), using data from the STAR forward time projection chambers. The contributions of different processes to baryon transport and particle production are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d+Au system. Comparisons to model calculations show that baryon transport on the deuteron side is consistent with multiple collisions of the deuteron nucleons with gold participants. On the gold side, HIJING-based models without a hadronic rescattering phase do not describe the measured particle yields, while models that include target remnants or hadronic rescattering do. The multichain model can provide a good description of the net baryon density in d+Au collisions at energies currently available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the derived parameters of the model agree with those from nuclear collisions at lower energies. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Hoffman, A. M.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Bombara, M.; Gaillard, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Christie, W.; Chung, S. U.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Landgraf, J. M.; Laue, F.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Lynn, D.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Potekhin, M.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Zhang, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Relyea, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ghazikhanian, V.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Ma, J. G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kaplan, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.; Wada, M.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bystersky, M.; Chaloupka, P.; Jakl, P.; Kaplan, M.; Kouchpil, V.; Pachr, M.; Sumbera, M.] Inst Nucl Phys, AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. [Averichev, G. S.; Belaga, V. V.; Dedovich, T. G.; Dunin, V. B.; Fedorisin, J.; Kulikov, A. I.; Kuznetsov, A. A.; Lehocka, S.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. [Arkhipkin, D.; Lednicky, R.; Vasilevski, I. M.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. [Dietel, T.; Lange, S.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Phatak, S. C.; Sahoo, R.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Balewski, J.; Djawotho, P.; He, W.; Jacobs, P.; Qattan, I. A.; Sowinski, J.; Vigdor, S. E.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Baudot, J.; Coffin, J. P.; Estienne, M.; Hippolyte, B.; Kuhn, C.; Shabetai, A.; Speltz, J.; Vernet, R.] Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, N.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Anderson, B. D.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Nepali, C.; Subba, N. L.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Jia, F.; Sun, Z.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Blyth, S. -L.; Dong, X.; Edwards, W. R.; Hjort, E.; Horner, M. J.; Jacobs, P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Kowalik, K. L.; Matis, H. S.; Mohanty, B.; Odyniec, G.; Oldenburg, M.; Olson, D.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Van Leeuwen, M.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Hoffman, A. M.; Kocoloski, A.; Millane, J.; Miller, M. L.; Sakuma, T.; Simon, F.; Surrow, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Eckardt, V.; Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Molen, A. M. Vander; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Emelianov, V.; Okorokov, V.; Ridiger, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bai, Y.; Benedosso, F.; Botje, M.; Grebenyuk, O.; Mischke, A.; Russcher, M. J.; Van der Kolk, N.] NIKHEF H, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bai, Y.; Benedosso, F.; Botje, M.; Grebenyuk, O.; Mischke, A.; Russcher, M. J.; Van der Kolk, N.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan, South Korea. [Bichsel, H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Feng, A.] CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bhardwaj, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Eppley, G.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; Mitchell, J.; Roberts, J. B.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; de Moura, M. M.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; De Toledo, A. Szanto; Takahashi, J.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Liu, H.; Shao, M.; Wang, X. L.; Wu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Sci, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A.; Bouchet, J.; Erazmus, B.; Kabana, S.; Martin, L.; Roy, C.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Henry, T. W.; Sarsour, M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Yue, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Gos, H.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017 OI Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064904 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000046 ER PT J AU Ashley, SF Regan, PH Andgren, K McCutchan, EA Zamfir, NV Amon, L Cakirli, RB Casten, RF Clark, RM Gelletly, W Gurdal, G Keyes, KL Meyer, DA Erduran, MN Papenberg, A Pietralla, N Plettner, C Rainovski, G Ribas, RV Thomas, NJ Vinson, J Warner, DD Werner, V Williams, E Liu, HL Xu, FR AF Ashley, S. F. Regan, P. H. Andgren, K. McCutchan, E. A. Zamfir, N. V. Amon, L. Cakirli, R. B. Casten, R. F. Clark, R. M. Gelletly, W. Guerdal, G. Keyes, K. L. Meyer, D. A. Erduran, M. N. Papenberg, A. Pietralla, N. Plettner, C. Rainovski, G. Ribas, R. V. Thomas, N. J. Vinson, J. Warner, D. D. Werner, V. Williams, E. Liu, H. L. Xu, F. R. TI Intrinsic state lifetimes in (103)Pd and (106,107)Cd SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RECOIL DISTANCE METHOD; DECAY CURVE METHOD; COLLECTIVE EXCITATION; HEAVY-ION; CD-107; DEFORMATIONS; BANDS AB The mean-lifetimes, tau, of various medium-spin excited states in (103)Pd and (106,107)Cd have been deduced using the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift technique and the Differential Decay Curve Method. In (106)Cd, the mean-lifetimes of the I(pi)=12(+) state at E(x)=5418 keV and the I(pi)=11(-) state at E(x)=4324 keV have been deduced as 11.4(17)ps and 8.2(7)ps, respectively. The associated beta(2) deformation within the axially-symmetric deformed rotor model for these states are 0.14(1) and 0.14(1), respectively. The beta(2) deformation of 0.14(1) for the I(pi)=12(+) state in (106)Cd compares with a predicted beta(2) value from total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations of 0.17. In addition, the mean-lifetimes of the yrast I(pi) = 15(-)/2 states in (103)Pd (at E(x)=1262 keV) and (107)Cd (at E(x)=1360 keV) have been deduced to be 31.2(44)ps and 31.4(17)ps, respectively, corresponding to beta(2) values of 0.16(1) and 0.12(1) assuming axial symmetry. Agreement with TRS calculations are good for (103)Pd but deviate for that predicted for (107)Cd. C1 [Ashley, S. F.; Regan, P. H.; Andgren, K.; Gelletly, W.; Thomas, N. J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Ashley, S. F.; McCutchan, E. A.; Zamfir, N. V.; Amon, L.; Cakirli, R. B.; Casten, R. F.; Guerdal, G.; Meyer, D. A.; Plettner, C.; Thomas, N. J.; Werner, V.; Williams, E.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Andgren, K.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Zamfir, N. V.] Inst Natl Fiz Ingn Nucl, RO-76900 Bucharest, Romania. [Zamfir, N. V.; Guerdal, G.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Amon, L.; Cakirli, R. B.; Erduran, M. N.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Clark, R. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keyes, K. L.; Papenberg, A.] Univ Paisley, Inst Phys Res, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Meyer, D. A.] Rhodes Coll, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Pietralla, N.; Rainovski, G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pietralla, N.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Rainovski, G.] St Klliment Ohridski Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Ribas, R. V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Warner, D. D.] SERC, Daresbury Lab, Council Cent Lab Res Councils, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Liu, H. L.; Xu, F. R.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Ashley, SF (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM s.ashley@surrey.ac.uk RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Ribas, Roberto/B-8952-2013; Xu, Furong/K-4178-2013; Williams, Elizabeth/D-3442-2014; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; Werner, Volker/C-1181-2017; OI Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Werner, Volker/0000-0003-4001-0150; Ashley, Stephen/0000-0001-5139-2209 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064302 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000011 ER PT J AU Danilin, BV Vaagen, JS Rogde, T Ershov, SN Thompson, IJ Zhukov, MV AF Danilin, B. V. Vaagen, J. S. Rogde, T. Ershov, S. N. Thompson, I. J. Zhukov, M. V. CA RNBT Collabrat TI Three-body continuum energy correlations in Borromean halo nuclei. III. Short-range external fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SOFT DIPOLE MODE; CHARGE-EXCHANGE REACTIONS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; NEUTRON HALO; MICROSCOPIC MODEL; EXCITED-STATES; HE-6 NUCLEUS; RESONANCES; SCATTERING; LI-11 AB Energy correlations in transitions from the bound state to the three-body continuum of Borromean halo nuclei are considered. A core+n+n three-body cluster model which reproduces the experimentally known properties of (6)He and (11)Li has been used to study the low-lying resonances and soft modes. An analysis of the correlated responses in (6)He shows that in the case of the narrow three-body 2(1)(+) resonance the transition energy correlations are the same as in the intrinsic correlated structure in 3 -> 3 scattering. They differ significantly for wide 2(2)(+),1(1)(+) resonances, and also for the soft dipole and monopole modes, where, due to the transition operators, the intertwining of the ground state and the three-body continuum plays a significant role. C1 [Danilin, B. V.; Vaagen, J. S.; Rogde, T.; Ershov, S. N.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway. [Thompson, I. J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Thompson, I. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zhukov, M. V.] Chalmers, Fundamental Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Danilin, BV (reprint author), IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064612 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000042 ER PT J AU Julia-Diaz, B Lee, TSH Matsuyama, A Sato, T AF Julia-Diaz, B. Lee, T. -S. H. Matsuyama, A. Sato, T. TI Dynamical coupled-channels model of pi N scattering in the W <= 2 GeV nucleon resonance region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED 2-PION EXCHANGE; CLOUDY BAG MODEL; 3-BODY UNITARITY; MESON PRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CONSTANT AB As a first step to analyze the electromagnetic meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region, the parameters of the hadronic interactions of a dynamical coupled-channels model, developed in Physics Reports 439, 193 (2007), are determined by fitting the pi N-scattering data. The channels included in the calculations are pi N,eta N, and pi pi N, which has pi Delta,rho N, and sigma N resonant components. The nonresonant meson-baryon interactions of the model are derived from a set of Lagrangians by using a unitary transformation method. One or two bare excited nucleon states in each of S,P,D, and F partial waves are included to generate the resonant amplitudes in the fits. The parameters of the model are first determined by fitting as much as possible the empirical pi N elastic-scattering amplitudes of SAID up to 2 GeV. We then refine and confirm the resulting parameters by directly comparing the predicted differential cross section and target polarization asymmetry with the original data of the elastic pi(+/-)p ->pi(+/-)p and charge-exchange pi(-)p ->pi(0)n processes. The predicted total cross sections of pi N reactions and pi N ->eta N reactions are also in good agreement with the data. Applications of the constructed model in analyzing the electromagnetic meson production data as well as the future developments are discussed. C1 [Julia-Diaz, B.; Lee, T. -S. H.; Matsuyama, A.; Sato, T.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Analysis Ctr, Newport News, VA 22901 USA. [Julia-Diaz, B.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lee, T. -S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Matsuyama, A.] Shizuoka Univ, Dept Phys, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Sato, T.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Julia-Diaz, B (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Analysis Ctr, Newport News, VA 22901 USA. RI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/E-5825-2010 OI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/0000-0002-0145-6734 NR 46 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 065201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.065201 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000051 ER PT J AU Pervin, M Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB AF Pervin, Muslema Pieper, Steven C. Wiringa, R. B. TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of electroweak transition matrix elements in A=6,7 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-NUCLEI AB Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC) calculations of magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, Fermi, and Gamow-Teller transition matrix elements are reported for A=6,7 nuclei. The matrix elements are extrapolated from mixed estimates that bracket the relevant electroweak operator between variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and GFMC propagated wave functions. Because they are off-diagonal terms, two mixed estimates are required for each transition, with a VMC initial (final) state paired with a GFMC final (initial) state. The realistic Argonne nu(18) two-nucleon and Illinois-2 three-nucleon interactions are used to generate the nuclear states. In most cases we find good agreement with experimental data. C1 [Pervin, Muslema; Pieper, Steven C.; Wiringa, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pervin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM muslema@phy.anl.gov; spieper@anl.gov; wiringa@anl.gov RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064319 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000028 ER PT J AU Sheets, SA Agvaanluvsan, U Becker, JA Becvar, F Bredeweg, TA Haight, RC Krticka, M Jandel, M Mitchell, GE O'Donnell, JM Parker, WE Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Sharapov, EI Tomandl, I Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM Wilhelmy, JB Wu, CY AF Sheets, S. A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Becker, J. A. Becvar, F. Bredeweg, T. A. Haight, R. C. Krticka, M. Jandel, M. Mitchell, G. E. O'Donnell, J. M. Parker, W. E. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Sharapov, E. I. Tomandl, I. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wouters, J. M. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wu, C. Y. TI Spin and parity assignments for (94,95)Mo neutron resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; CAPTURE; DETECTOR; PARAMETERS; CASCADES AB The gamma rays following the (94,95)Mo(n,gamma) reactions were measured as a function of incident neutron energy by the time-of-flight method with the DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) array of 160 BaF(2) scintillation detectors at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The targets were enriched samples: 91.59% (94)Mo and 96.47% (95)Mo. The gamma-ray multiplicities and energy spectra for different multiplicities were measured in s- and p-wave resonances up to E(n)=10 keV for (94)Mo and up to E(n)=2 keV for (95)Mo. Definite spins and parities were assigned in (96)Mo for about 60% of the resonances, and tentative spins and parities were assigned for the remaining resonances. In (95)Mo the parities were determined for the observed resonances, confirming previously known assignments. C1 [Sheets, S. A.; Mitchell, G. E.] N Carolina State Univ, USA & Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sheets, S. A.; Agvaanluvsan, U.; Becker, J. A.; Parker, W. E.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Bredeweg, T. A.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Reifarth, R.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.; Wouters, J. M.; Wilhelmy, J. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sharapov, E. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Tomandl, I.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. RP Sheets, SA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USA & Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM mitchell@tunl.duke.edu RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064317 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000026 ER PT J AU Trautmann, W Bassini, R Begemann-Blaich, M Ferrero, A Fritz, S Gaff-Ejakov, SJ Gross, C Immee, G Iori, I Kleinevoss, U Kunde, GJ Kunze, WD Le Fevre, A Lindenstruth, V Lukasik, J Lynen, U Maddalena, V Mahi, M Mohlenkamp, T Moroni, A Muller, WFJ Nociforo, C Ocker, B Odeh, T Orth, H Petruzzelli, F Pochodzalla, J Raciti, G Riccobene, G Romano, FP Rubehn, T Saija, A Sann, H Schnittker, M Schuettauf, A Schwarz, C Seidel, W Serfling, V Sfienti, C Trzcinski, A Tucholski, A Verde, G Worner, A Xi, HF Zwieglinski, B AF Trautmann, W. Bassini, R. Begemann-Blaich, M. Ferrero, A. Fritz, S. Gaff-Ejakov, S. J. Gross, C. Imme, G. Iori, I. Kleinevoss, U. Kunde, G. J. Kunze, W. D. Le Fevre, A. Lindenstruth, V. Lukasik, J. Lynen, U. Maddalena, V. Mahi, M. Moehlenkamp, T. Moroni, A. Mueller, W. F. J. Nociforo, C. Ocker, B. Odeh, T. Orth, H. Petruzzelli, F. Pochodzalla, J. Raciti, G. Riccobene, G. Romano, F. P. Rubehn, Th. Saija, A. Sann, H. Schnittker, M. Schuettauf, A. Schwarz, C. Seidel, W. Serfling, V. Sfienti, C. Trzcinski, A. Tucholski, A. Verde, G. Woerner, A. Xi, Hongfei Zwieglinski, B. TI Thermal and chemical freeze-out in spectator fragmentation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; EXCITED-STATE POPULATIONS; EXPANDING NUCLEAR-MATTER; CENTRAL AU+AU COLLISIONS; WIDELY SEPARATED STATES; AR-40 INDUCED REACTIONS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; EMISSION TEMPERATURES; TIME-SCALES AB Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in (4)He, (5)Li, and (8)Be, were determined for spectator fragmentation, following collisions of (197)Au with targets ranging from C to Au at incident energies of 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon. A deviation of the isotopic from the excited-state temperatures is observed which coincides with the transition from residue formation to multi-fragment production, suggesting a chemical freeze-out prior to thermal freeze-out in bulk disintegrations. C1 [Trautmann, W.; Begemann-Blaich, M.; Fritz, S.; Gross, C.; Kleinevoss, U.; Kunze, W. D.; Le Fevre, A.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lukasik, J.; Lynen, U.; Mahi, M.; Mueller, W. F. J.; Odeh, T.; Orth, H.; Pochodzalla, J.; Rubehn, Th.; Sann, H.; Schnittker, M.; Schuettauf, A.; Schwarz, C.; Sfienti, C.; Woerner, A.; Xi, Hongfei] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64219 Darmstadt, Germany. [Bassini, R.; Ferrero, A.; Iori, I.; Moroni, A.; Petruzzelli, F.] Univ Milan, Ist Sci Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bassini, R.; Ferrero, A.; Iori, I.; Moroni, A.; Petruzzelli, F.] INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gaff-Ejakov, S. J.; Kunde, G. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gaff-Ejakov, S. J.; Kunde, G. J.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Imme, G.; Maddalena, V.; Nociforo, C.; Riccobene, G.; Romano, F. P.; Saija, A.; Verde, G.] Univ Catania, Dipartmento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. [Imme, G.; Maddalena, V.; Nociforo, C.; Raciti, G.; Riccobene, G.; Romano, F. P.; Saija, A.; Verde, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-95129 Catania, Italy. [Moehlenkamp, T.; Seidel, W.] Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Ocker, B.; Schuettauf, A.; Serfling, V.] Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. [Trzcinski, A.; Tucholski, A.; Zwieglinski, B.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kunde, G. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subatomic Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lindenstruth, V.] Univ Heidelberg, Kirchoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lukasik, J.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Pochodzalla, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Trautmann, W (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64219 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Verde, Giuseppe/J-3609-2012; Lukasik, Jerzy/F-9642-2013; Riccobene, Giorgio Maria/A-4502-2010 OI Lukasik, Jerzy/0000-0001-7169-399X; Riccobene, Giorgio Maria/0000-0002-0600-2774 NR 122 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064606 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000036 ER PT J AU Visser, DW Wrede, C Caggiano, JA Clark, JA Deibel, C Lewis, R Parikh, A Parker, PD AF Visser, D. W. Wrede, C. Caggiano, J. A. Clark, J. A. Deibel, C. Lewis, R. Parikh, A. Parker, P. D. TI Measurement of (23)Mg(p,gamma)(24)Al resonance energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The existence of two systematically inconsistent sets of measurements of the (24)Al excitation energies, which are used to determine (23)Mg+p resonance energies, results in a variation of a factor 5 in the thermonuclear (23)Mg(p, gamma)(24)Al reaction rate at T = 0.25 GK. The astrophysically important energies have been determined to an uncertainty of 6 keV by measuring triton spectra from the (24)Mg((3)He,t)(24)Al reaction at E((3)He) = 30 MeV, and good general agreement is found with one previous set. The present measurement of E(x) = 2346(6) keV for what is thought to be the most important resonance is, however, in disagreement with both prior measurements of 2328(10) and 2369(4) keV, where the latter value belongs to the outlying set. The presently determined resonance energies reduce the related uncertainty in the (23)Mg(p, gamma)(24)Al reaction rate by a factor of approximate to 3, which will constrain the determination of nuclear flow out of the NeNa cycle, and production of A >= 20 nuclides, in explosive hydrogen burning over a temperature range 0.2 < T < 1.0 GK. C1 [Visser, D. W.] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Visser, D. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wrede, C.; Caggiano, J. A.; Clark, J. A.; Deibel, C.; Lewis, R.; Parikh, A.; Parker, P. D.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Visser, DW (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM christopher.wrede@yale.edu RI Visser, Dale/A-8117-2009 OI Visser, Dale/0000-0002-2891-4731 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 065803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.065803 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000065 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Ma, WC Afanasjev, AV Hagemann, GB Begnaud, J Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cullen, DM Djongolov, MK Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Ngijoi-Yogo, E Odegard, S Riedinger, LL Rigby, SV Roux, DG Scholes, DT Yadav, RB Zhang, JY Zhu, S AF Zhang, Y. C. Ma, W. C. Afanasjev, A. V. Hagemann, G. B. Begnaud, J. Carpenter, M. P. Chowdhury, P. Cullen, D. M. Djongolov, M. K. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Moore, E. F. Ngijoi-Yogo, E. Odegard, S. Riedinger, L. L. Rigby, S. V. Roux, D. G. Scholes, D. T. Yadav, R. B. Zhang, Jing-Ye Zhu, S. TI Nuclear shapes of highly deformed bands in Hf-171,Hf-172 and neighboring Hf isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; MASS REGION; HIGH-SPIN; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; IDENTICAL BANDS; LU-161; STATES AB A Gammasphere experiment was carried out to search for triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) structures in Hf-171,Hf-172 and the wobbling mode, a unique signature of nuclei with stable triaxiality. Three strongly deformed bands in Hf-172 and one in Hf-171 were identified through Ca-48(Te-128, xn) reactions. Linking transitions were established for the band in Hf-171 and, consequently, its excitation energies and spins (up to 111/2h) were firmly established. However, none of the Hf-172 sequences were linked to known structures. Experimental evidence of triaxiality was not observed in these bands. The new bands are compared with other known strongly deformed bands in neighboring Hf isotopes. Theoretical investigations within various models have been performed. Cranking calculations with the Ultimate Cranker code suggest that the band in Hf-171 and two previously proposed TSD candidates in Hf-170 and Hf-175 are built on proton (i(13/2)h(9/2)) configurations, associated with near-prolate shapes and deformations enhanced with respect to the normal deformed bands. Cranked relativistic mean-field calculations suggest that band 2 in Hf-175 has most likely a near-prolate superdeformed shape involving the pi i(13/2)circle times nu j(15/2) high-j intruder orbitals. It is quite likely that the bands in Hf-172 are similar in character to this band. C1 [Zhang, Y. C.; Ma, W. C.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Begnaud, J.; Ngijoi-Yogo, E.; Yadav, R. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hagemann, G. B.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Moore, E. F.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Cullen, D. M.; Rigby, S. V.; Scholes, D. T.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Djongolov, M. K.; Riedinger, L. L.; Zhang, Jing-Ye] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Odegard, S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064321 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000030 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D De Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRON COLLIDERS; FERMILAB; WWZ AB We present a search for anomalous triple gauge couplings (ATGC) in WW and WZ boson production. The boson pairs are produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, and the data sample corresponds to 350 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. In this search one W decays to leptons, and the other boson (W or Z) decays hadronically. Combining with a previously published CDF measurement of W gamma boson production yields ATGC limits of -0.18 WZ+X cross section at root s=1.96 TeV and limits on WWZ trilinear gauge couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FERMILAB TEVATRON; BOSON SECTOR; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We present measurements of the process p (P) over bar -> WZ + X -> l 'nu(l ')l (l) over bar at root s = 1:96 TeV,where l and l ' are electrons or muons. Using 1 fb(-1) of data from the D0 experiment, we observe 13 candidates with an expected background of 4.5 +/- 0.6 events and measure a cross section sigma(WZ) = 2.7(-1.3)(+1.7) pb. From the number of observed events and the Z boson transverse momentum distribution, we limit the trilinear WWZ gauge couplings to -0: 17 <= lambda(Z) <= 0.21 (Delta k(Z) <= 0.29(lambda(Z) = 0) at the 95% C.L. for a form factor scale Lambda = 2 TeV. Further, assuming that Delta g(1)(Z) = Delta k(Z), we find -0.12 <= Delta k(Z) <= 0.29(lambda(Z) = 0) at the 95% C. L. 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H.; Naumann, N. A.] Univ Nijmegen St Radboud Hosp, NIKHEF, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Houben, P.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Houben, P.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Castilla-Valdez, H.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Choi, S.; Kim, H.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Kim, T. J.] Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Cwiok, M.; Gruenenwald, M. W.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Acharya, B. S.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, P.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Choudhary, B.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Kaur, R.; Kohli, J. M.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Hoeth, H.; Maettig, P.; Peters, Y.; Schliephake, T.; Vaupel, M.; Wicke, D.; Zeitnitz, C.] Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. [Calfayan, P.; Fiedler, F.; Grohsjean, A.; Haefner, P.; Nunnemann, T.; Schaile, D.; Schieferdecker, P.; Stroehmer, R.; Tiller, B.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Ay, C.; Kuhl, T.; Trefzger, T.; Weber, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Bernhard, R.; Fox, H.; Jakobs, K.; Konrath, J. -P.; Nilsen, H.; Penning, B.; Torchiani, I.; Wenger, A.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. [Buescher, V.; Hohlfeld, M.; Meyer, J.; Pleier, M. -A.; Quadt, A.; Wermes, N.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Autermann, C.; Hebbeker, T.; Kaefer, D.; Kappler, S.; Magass, C.; Meyer, A.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. [Biscarat, C.; Grenier, G.; Kurca, T.; Lebrun, P.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.; Verdier, P.] Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. [Biscarat, C.; Grenier, G.; Kurca, T.; Lebrun, P.; Millet, T.; Muanza, G. S.; Verdier, P.] Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Bloch, D.; Charles, F.; Clement, B.; Ermolov, P.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Lounis, A.; Ripp-Baudot, I.] Univ Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Bloch, D.; Charles, F.; Clement, B.; Ermolov, P.; Geist, W.; Gele, D.; Lounis, A.; Ripp-Baudot, I.] Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Arthaud, M.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Deliot, F.; Michaut, M.; Royon, C.; Shary, V.; Tuchming, B.] CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. [Andrieu, B.; Bassler, U.; Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Lellouch, J.; Sanders, M. P.; Sonnenschein, L.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. [Andrieu, B.; Bassler, U.; Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Lellouch, J.; Sanders, M. P.; Sonnenschein, L.] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Duflot, L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Makovec, N.; Ochando, C.; Petroff, P.] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Duflot, L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Makovec, N.; Ochando, C.; Petroff, P.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. [Barfuss, A. -F.; Berntzon, L.; Calvet, S.; Cousinou, M. -C.; Duperrin, A.; Kajfasz, E.; Kermiche, S.; Mendes, A.; Nagy, E.; Talby, M.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Arnoud, Y.; Chevallier, F.; Crepe-Renaudin, S.; Martin, B.; Stark, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. [Badaud, F.; Gris, Ph.; Lacroix, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Hoeneisen, B.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Katsanos, I.; Kupco, A.; Lokajicek, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hubacek, Z.; Otec, R.; Simak, V.; Vokac, P.] Czech Tech Univ Prague, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Hynek, V.; Kvita, J.; Soustruznik, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Avila, C.; Gomez, B.; Mendoza, L.; Negret, J. P.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Han, L.; Liu, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.; Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.; Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.; Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Chan, K.; Coadou, Y.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; O'Neil, D. C.; Potter, C.; Taylor, W.; Vachon, B.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Gregores, E. M.; Lietti, S. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; da Motta, H.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Pol, M. -E.; Rangel, M. S.; Souza, M.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jesus, A. C. S. Assis; Carvalho, W.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Malbouisson, H. B.; Molina, J.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; da Silva, W. L. Prado; Rodrigues, R. F.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012 OI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 111104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.111104 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200004 ER PT J AU Agashe, K Davoudiasl, H Gopalakrishna, S Han, T Huang, GY Perez, G Si, ZG Soni, A AF Agashe, Kaustubh Davoudiasl, Hooman Gopalakrishna, Shrihari Han, Tao Huang, Gui-Yu Perez, Gilad Si, Zong-Guo Soni, Amarjit TI CERN LHC signals for warped electroweak neutral gauge bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; COMPOSITE HIGGS-MODEL; FLAVOR VIOLATION; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; BULK FIELDS; HIERARCHY; GEOMETRY; MIXINGS; MASSES AB We study signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the electroweak gauge bosons in the framework with the standard model (SM) gauge and fermion fields propagating in a warped extra dimension. Such a framework addresses both the Planck-weak and flavor hierarchy problems of the SM. Unlike the often studied Z(') cases, in this framework, there are three neutral gauge bosons due to the underlying SU(2)(L)xSU(2)(R)xU(1)(X) gauge group in the bulk. Furthermore, couplings of these KK states to light quarks and leptons are suppressed, whereas those to top and bottom quarks are enhanced compared to the SM gauge couplings. Therefore, the production of light quark and lepton states is suppressed relative to other beyond the SM constructions, and the fermionic decays of these states are dominated by the top and bottom quarks, which are, though, overwhelmed by KK gluons dominantly decaying into them. However, as we emphasize in this paper, decays of these states to longitudinal W, Z and Higgs are also enhanced similarly to the case of top and bottom quarks. We show that the W, Z and Higgs final states can give significant sensitivity at the LHC to similar to 2(3) TeV KK scale with an integrated luminosity of similar to 100 fb(-1) (similar to 1 ab(-1)). Since current theoretical framework(s) favor KK masses greater than or similar to 3 TeV, a luminosity upgrade of LHC is likely to be crucial in observing these states. C1 [Agashe, Kaustubh] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Agashe, Kaustubh] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Davoudiasl, Hooman; Gopalakrishna, Shrihari; Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Han, Tao; Huang, Gui-Yu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Perez, Gilad] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Perez, Gilad] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perez, Gilad] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Si, Zong-Guo] Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Agashe, K (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 72 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 115015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.115015 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200065 ER PT J AU Aharony, O Kachru, S Silverstein, E AF Aharony, Ofer Kachru, Shamit Silverstein, Eva TI Simple stringy dynamical supersymmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID D-BRANE MODELS; SUPERPOTENTIALS AB We present simple string models which dynamically break supersymmetry without non-Abelian gauge dynamics. The Fayet model, the Polonyi model, and the O'Raifeartaigh model each arise from D-branes at a specific type of singularity. D-brane instanton effects generate the requisite exponentially small scale of supersymmetry breaking. C1 [Aharony, Ofer] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Aharony, Ofer; Kachru, Shamit; Silverstein, Eva] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Aharony, Ofer; Kachru, Shamit; Silverstein, Eva] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Aharony, O (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 38 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 126009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.126009 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300121 ER PT J AU Anchordoqui, LA Goldberg, H Hooper, D Sarkar, S Taylor, A AF Anchordoqui, Luis A. Goldberg, Haim Hooper, Dan Sarkar, Subir Taylor, Andrew TI Predictions for the cosmogenic neutrino flux in light of new data from the Pierre Auger Observatory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; COSMIC-RAY COMPOSITION; ULTRA-HIGH ENERGIES; UHECR SPECTRUM; AIR-SHOWERS; NUCLEI; PROPAGATION; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION AB The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) has measured the spectrum and composition of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. We use these measurements to constrain their spectrum and composition as injected from their sources and, in turn, use these results to estimate the spectrum of cosmogenic neutrinos generated in their propagation through intergalactic space. We find that the PAO spectrum and elongation rate measurements can be well fitted if the injected cosmic rays consist entirely of nuclei with masses in the intermediate (carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen) to heavy (iron, silicon) range. A mixture of protons and heavier species is also acceptable but (on the basis of existing hadronic interaction models) injection of pure light nuclei (protons, helium) results in unacceptable fits to the new elongation rate data. The expected spectrum of cosmogenic neutrinos can vary considerably, depending on the precise spectrum and chemical composition injected from the cosmic ray sources. In the models where heavy nuclei dominate the cosmic ray spectrum and few dissociated protons exceed GZK energies, the cosmogenic neutrino flux can be suppressed by up to 2 orders of magnitude relative to the all-proton prediction, making its detection beyond the reach of current and planned neutrino telescopes. Other models consistent with the data, however, are proton-dominated with only a small (1%-10%) admixture of heavy nuclei and predict an associated cosmogenic flux within the reach of upcoming experiments. Thus a detection or nondetection of cosmogenic neutrinos can assist in discriminating between these possibilities. C1 [Anchordoqui, Luis A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Goldberg, Haim] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sarkar, Subir] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Taylor, Andrew] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Anchordoqui, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RI Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011 OI Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X NR 58 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 123008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.123008 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300018 ER PT J AU Anderson, PR Mottola, E Vaulin, R AF Anderson, Paul R. Mottola, Emil Vaulin, Ruslan TI Stress tensor from the trace anomaly in Reissner-Nordstrom spacetimes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED SCALAR FIELDS; ENERGY-MOMENTUM-TENSOR; BLACK-HOLE; VACUUM POLARIZATION; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; SCHWARZSCHILD SPACETIME; CONFORMAL SECTOR; HAWKING RADIATION; TIME; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB The effective action associated with the trace anomaly provides a general algorithm for approximating the expectation value of the stress tensor of conformal matter fields in arbitrary curved spacetimes. In static, spherically symmetric spacetimes, the algorithm involves solving a fourth order linear differential equation in the radial coordinate r for the two scalar auxiliary fields appearing in the anomaly action, and its corresponding stress tensor. By appropriate choice of the homogeneous solutions of the auxiliary field equations, we show that it is possible to obtain finite stress tensors on all Reissner-Nordstrom event horizons, including the extreme Q=M case. We compare these finite results to previous analytic approximation methods, which yield invariably an infinite stress energy on charged black hole horizons, as well as with detailed numerical calculations that indicate the contrary. The approximation scheme based on the auxiliary field effective action reproduces all physically allowed behaviors of the quantum stress tensor, in a variety of quantum states, for fields of any spin, in the vicinity of the entire family (0 <= Q <= M) of RN horizons. C1 [Anderson, Paul R.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Anderson, Paul R.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Mottola, Emil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vaulin, Ruslan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Anderson, PR (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM anderson@wfu.edu; emil@lanl.gov; vaulin@gravity.phys.uwm.edu OI Mottola, Emil/0000-0003-1067-1388 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 124028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.124028 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300070 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, G Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, F Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Watson, JE Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A De Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Bailey, D Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Zheng, Y Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Lista, L Monorchio, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Sekula, SJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J 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G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Study of the exclusive initial-state-radiation production of the D(D)over-bar system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID Y(4260); CHARMONIUM; BABAR AB A search for charmonium and other new states is performed in a study of exclusive initial-state-radiation production of D (D) over bar events from electron-positron annihilations at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 384 fb(-1) and was recorded by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II storage ring. The D (D) over bar mass spectrum shows clear evidence of the psi(3770) plus other structures near 3.9, 4.1, and 4.4 GeV/c(2). 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L.] Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jessop, C. P.; Knoepfel, K. J.; LoSecco, J. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Benelli, G.; Corwin, L. A.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Morris, J. P.; Rahimi, A. M.; Regensburger, J. J.; Sekula, S. J.; Wong, Q. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, N. L.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Igonkina, O.; Kolb, J. A.; Lu, M.; Rahmat, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Strube, J.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gagliardi, N.; Gaz, A.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Pompili, A.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gagliardi, N.; Gaz, A.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Pompili, A.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Ben-Haim, E.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; David, P.; Del Buono, L.; de la Vaissiere, Ch.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Malcles, J.; Ocariz, J.; Perez, A.; Prendki, J.] Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. [Ben-Haim, E.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; David, P.; Del Buono, L.; de la Vaissiere, Ch.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Malcles, J.; Ocariz, J.; Perez, A.; Prendki, J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Gladney, L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. 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[Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. S.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. 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[Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.; Manoni, E.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009 OI Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X NR 21 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Grenier, P. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Search for b -> u transitions in B-->[K+pi(-)pi(0)](D)K- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We search for decays of a B meson into a neutral D meson and a charged kaon, with the D meson decaying into a charged kaon, a charged pion, and a neutral pion. This final state can be reached through the b -> c transition B-->(DK-)-K-0 followed by the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed D-0 -> K+pi(-)pi(0), or the b -> u transition B-->(D) over tilde K-0(-) followed by the Cabibbo-favored (D) over bar (0)-> K+pi(-)pi(0). The interference of these two amplitudes is sensitive to the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle. We present results based on 226x10(6) e(+)e(-)->Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. We find no significant evidence for these decays and we set a limit R-ADS equivalent to Gamma([K+ pi(-) pi(0)](D)K-) +Gamma([K- pi(+) pi(0)](D)K+)/Gamma([K+ pi(-) pi(0)](D)K+) +Gamma(K- pi(+) pi(0)](D)K-) < 0.039 at 95% confidence level, which we translate with a Bayesian approach into r(B)equivalent to|A(B-->(D) over bar K-0(-))/A(B-->(DK-)-K-0)|< 0.19 at 95% confidence level. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. 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[Lazzaro, A.; Palombo, F.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Lazzaro, A.; Palombo, F.] Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bauer, J. M.; Cremaldi, L.; Eschenburg, V.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Summers, D. J.; Zhao, H. W.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Brunet, S.; Cote, D.; Simard, M.; Taras, P.; Viaud, F. B.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Nicholson, H.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [De Nardo, G.; Fabozzi, F.; Lista, L.; Monorchio, D.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [De Nardo, G.; Fabozzi, F.; Lista, L.; Monorchio, D.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Baak, M. A.; Raven, G.; Snoek, H. L.] Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jessop, C. P.; LoSecco, J. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Benelli, G.; Corwin, L. A.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Morris, J. P.; Rahimi, A. M.; Regensburger, J. J.; Wong, Q. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, N. L.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Igonkina, O.; Kolb, J. A.; Lu, M.; Rahmat, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Strube, J.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gagliardi, N.; Gaz, A.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Pompili, A.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gagliardi, N.; Gaz, A.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Pompili, A.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Ben-Haim, E.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; David, P.; Del Buono, L.; de la Vaissiere, Ch.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Malcles, J.; Ocariz, J.; Perez, A.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Gladney, L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.; Manoni, E.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.; Manoni, E.] Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.; Morganti, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Haire, M.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Biesiada, J.; Elmer, P.; Lau, Y. P.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Buzzo, A.; Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; D'Orazio, A.; del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Morganti, S.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Morganti, M.; Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; D'Orazio, A.; del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ebert, M.; Hartmann, T.] Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Adye, T.; Castelli, G.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Ricciardi, S.; Roethel, W.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Aleksan, R.; Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Cervelli, A.; Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Berger, N.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Hryn'ova, T.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Stelzer, J.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; van Bakel, N.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Bugg, W.; Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Pan, B.; Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Pappagallo, M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Watson, J. E. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cecchi, A. Cibinetto, G. Franchini, P. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Santoro, V. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Vazquez, W. Panduro Tibbetts, M. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gao, Y. Y. Gritsan, A. V. Guo, Z. J. Lae, C. K. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Bequilleux, J. D'Orazio, A. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. 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Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. Knoepfel, K. J. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Honscheid, K. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Sekula, S. J. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gagliardi, N. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Calderini, G. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Prendki, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Manoni, E. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Baracchini, E. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. Del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Li Gioi, L. Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Renga, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Hartmann, T. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. White, R. M. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Hast, C. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. TI Improved measurement of time-dependent CP asymmetries and the CP-odd fraction in the decay B-0 -> D*D+*(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VIOLATING ASYMMETRIES; PHYSICS AB We present an updated measurement of the CP-odd fraction and the time-dependent CP asymmetries in the decay B-0 -> D*D+*(-) using (383 +/- 4)x10(6)B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector. We determine the CP-odd fraction to be 0.143 +/- 0.034(stat)+/- 0.008(syst). The time-dependent CP asymmetry parameters are determined to be C+=-0.05 +/- 0.14(stat)+/- 0.02(syst) and S+=-0.72 +/- 0.19(stat)+/- 0.05(syst). The nonzero value of the measured S+ indicates the evidence of CP violation at the 3.7 sigma confidence level. 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[Ben-Haim, E.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; David, P.; Del Buono, L.; de la Vaissiere, Ch.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Malcles, J.; Ocariz, J.; Perez, A.; Prendki, J.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS,IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Gladney, L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.; Manoni, E.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.; Manoni, E.] Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Biesiada, J.; Elmer, P.; Lau, Y. P.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Morganti, M.; Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Li Gioi, L.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Morganti, M.; Baracchini, E.; Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Jackson, P. D.; Li Gioi, L.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Renga, F.; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ebert, M.; Hartmann, T.; Schroeder, H.; Waldi, R.] Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Adye, T.; Castelli, G.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Roethel, W.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Buzzo, A.; Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. S.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Pan, B.; Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Soffer, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011 OI Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 111102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.111102 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200002 ER PT J AU Bauer, CW Tackmann, FJ AF Bauer, Christian W. Tackmann, Frank J. TI Gaining analytic control of parton showers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ELEMENTS; QCD CASCADES; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; COHERENT; JETS; C++ AB Parton showers are widely used to generate fully exclusive final states needed to compare theoretical models to experimental observations. While, in general, parton showers give a good description of the experimental data, the precise functional form of the probability distribution underlying the event generation is generally not known. The reason is that realistic parton showers are required to conserve four-momentum at each vertex. In this paper we investigate in detail how four-momentum conservation is enforced in a standard parton shower and why this destroys the analytic control of the probability distribution. We show how to modify a parton shower algorithm such that it conserves four-momentum at each vertex, but for which the full analytic form of the probability distribution is known. We then comment how this analytic control can be used to match matrix element calculations with parton showers, and to estimate effects of power corrections and other uncertainties in parton showers. C1 [Bauer, Christian W.; Tackmann, Frank J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bauer, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 114017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114017 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200033 ER PT J AU Blum, T Doi, T Hayakawa, M Izubuchi, T Yamada, N AF Blum, Thomas Doi, Takumi Hayakawa, Masashi Izubuchi, Taku Yamada, Norikazu TI Determination of light quark masses from the electromagnetic splitting of pseudoscalar meson masses computed with two flavors of domain wall fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; LATTICE QCD; DIFFERENCE; BARYONS; PIONS AB We determine the light quark masses from lattice QCD simulations incorporating the electromagnetic interaction of valence quarks, using the splittings of charged and neutral pseudoscalar meson masses as inputs. The meson masses are calculated on lattice QCD configurations generated by the RBC Collaboration for two flavors of dynamical domain-wall fermions, which are combined with QED configurations generated via quenched noncompact lattice QED. The electromagnetic part of the pion mass splitting is found to be m(pi)(+)-m(pi)(0)=4.12(21) MeV, where only the statistical error is quoted, and similarly for the kaon, 1.443(55) MeV. Our results for the light quark masses are m(u)((M) over bar(S) over bar)(2 GeV)=3.02(27)(19) MeV, m(d)((M) over bar(S) over bar)(2 GeV)=5.49(20)(34) MeV, and m(s)((M) over bar(S) over bar)(2 GeV)=119.5(56)(74) MeV, where the first error is statistical and the second reflects the uncertainty in our nonperturbative renormalization procedure. By averaging over +/- e to cancel O(e) noise exactly on each combined gauge field configuration, we are able to work at physical alpha=1/137 and obtain very small statistical errors. In our calculation, several sources of systematic error remain, including finite volume, nonzero lattice spacing, chiral extrapolation, quenched QED, and quenched strange quark, which may be more significant than the errors quoted above. We discuss these systematic errors and how to reduce or eliminate them. C1 [Blum, Thomas] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Blum, Thomas; Doi, Takumi; Izubuchi, Taku] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hayakawa, Masashi] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Izubuchi, Taku] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Yamada, Norikazu] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Yamada, Norikazu] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch High Energy Accelerator Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 114508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114508 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200044 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Hubisz, J Lee, SJ AF Csaki, Csaba Hubisz, Jay Lee, Seung J. TI Radion phenomenology in realistic warped space models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; STABILIZED MODULUS; BULK FIELDS; HIGGS; MIXINGS; GRAVITY; SECTOR; MASSES; RS1 AB We investigate the phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) radion in realistic models of electroweak symmetry breaking with bulk gauge and fermion fields, since the radion may turn out to be the lightest particle in such models. We calculate the coupling of the radion in such scenarios to bulk fermion and gauge modes. Special attention needs to be devoted to the coupling to massless gauge fields (photon, gluon), since it is well known that loop effects may be important for these fields. We also present a detailed explanation of these couplings from the conformal field theory interpretation. We then use these couplings to determine the radion branching fractions and discuss some of the discovery potential of the LHC for the radion. We find that the gamma gamma signal is enhanced over most of the range of the radion mass over the gamma gamma signal of a standard model Higgs boson, as long as the RS scale is sufficiently low. However, the signal significance depends strongly on free parameters that characterize the magnitude of bare brane-localized kinetic terms for the massless gauge fields. In the absence of such terms, the signal can be enhanced over the traditional RS1 models (where all standard model fields are localized on the IR brane), but the signal can also be reduced compared to RS1 if the brane-localized terms are sizeable. We also show that for larger radion masses, where the gamma gamma signal is no longer significant, one can use the usual 4 lepton signal to discover the radion. C1 [Csaki, Csaba; Lee, Seung J.] Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hubisz, Jay] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM csaki@lepp.cornell.edu; hubisz@fnal.gov; sjl18@cornell.edu RI Lee, Seung/F-9911-2011 OI Lee, Seung/0000-0002-7756-0407 NR 36 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 125015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.125015 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300097 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Orginos, K Savage, MJ AF Detmold, William Orginos, Kostas Savage, Martin J. TI BB potentials in quenched lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; HEAVY-LIGHT MESONS; EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; GAUGE-THEORIES; QUARK; SYMMETRY; SCATTERING; SYSTEM; MASS; APPROXIMATION AB The potentials between two B mesons are computed in the heavy-quark limit using quenched lattice QCD at m(pi) similar to 400 MeV. Nonzero central potentials are clearly evident in all four spin-isospin channels, (I,s(l))=(0,0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), where s(l) is the total spin of the light degrees of freedom. At short distance, we find repulsion in the I not equal s(l) channels and attraction in the I = s(l) channels. Linear combinations of these potentials that have well-defined spin and isospin in the t-channel are found, in three of the four cases, to have substantially smaller uncertainties than the potentials defined with the s-channel (I,s(l)), and allow quenching artifacts from single hairpin exchange to be isolated. The BB*pi coupling extracted from the long-distance behavior of the finite-volume t-channel potential is found to be consistent with quenched calculations of the matrix element of the isovector axial-current. The tensor potentials in both of the s(l) = 1 channels are found to be consistent with zero within calculational uncertainties. C1 [Detmold, William; Savage, Martin J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Orginos, Kostas] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Orginos, Kostas] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 114503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114503 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200039 ER PT J AU Golubev, VB Skovpen, YI Luth, VG AF Golubev, V. B. Skovpen, Yu. I. Luth, V. G. TI Extraction of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar with reduced dependence on shape functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; QCD AB Using BABAR measurements of the inclusive electron spectrum in B -> X(u)e nu decays and the inclusive photon spectrum in B -> X-s gamma decays, we extract the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V-ub. The extraction is based on theoretical calculations designed to reduce the theoretical uncertainties by exploiting the assumption that the leading shape functions are the same for all b -> q transitions (q is a light quark). The results agree well with the previous analysis, have indeed smaller theoretical errors, but are presently limited by the knowledge of the photon spectrum and the experimental errors on the lepton spectrum. C1 [Golubev, V. B.; Skovpen, Yu. I.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Luth, V. G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Golubev, VB (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 114003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114003 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200019 ER PT J AU Grigoryan, HR Radyushkin, AV AF Grigoryan, H. R. Radyushkin, A. V. TI Pion form factor in the chiral limit of a hard-wall AdS/QCD model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QCD; MESONS; RADIUS; RULES; MASS AB We describe a formalism to calculate form factor and charge density distribution of the pion in the chiral limit using the holographic dual model of QCD with hard-wall cutoff. We introduce two conjugate pion wave functions and present analytic expressions for these functions and for the pion form factor. They allow us to relate such observables as the pion decay constant and the pion charge electric radius to the values of chiral condensate and hard-wall cutoff scale. The evolution of the pion form factor to large values of the momentum transfer is discussed, and results are compared to existing experimental data. C1 [Grigoryan, H. R.; Radyushkin, A. V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelarator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Grigoryan, H. R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Radyushkin, A. V.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Radyushkin, A. V.] Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Grigoryan, HR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelarator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 44 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 115007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.115007 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200057 ER PT J AU Henley, EM Johnson, MB Kisslinger, LS AF Henley, Ernest M. Johnson, Mikkel B. Kisslinger, Leonard S. TI Pulsar kicks with modified Urca and electrons in Landau levels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO BURST; SUPERNOVA SN1987A; PARITY VIOLATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EMISSION; STARS AB We derive the energy asymmetry given the protoneutron star during the time when the neutrino sphere is near the surface of the protoneutron star, using the modified Urca process. The electrons produced with the antineutrinos are in Landau levels due to the strong magnetic field, and this leads to asymmetry in the neutrino momentum, and a pulsar kick. The magnetic field must be strong enough for a large fraction of the electrons to be in the lowest Landau level; however, there is no direct dependence of our pulsar velocity on the strength of the magnetic field. Our main prediction is that the large pulsar kicks start at about 10 s and last for about 10 s, with the corresponding neutrinos correlated with the direction of the magnetic field. We predict a pulsar velocity of 1.03 x 10(-4)(T/10(10) K)(7) km/s, which reaches 1000 km/s if T similar or equal to 10(11) K. C1 [Henley, Ernest M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, Mikkel B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kisslinger, Leonard S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Henley, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 125007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.125007 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300089 ER PT J AU Hill, CT Hill, RJ AF Hill, Christopher T. Hill, Richard J. TI T-parity violation by anomalies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; COMPOSITE HIGGS; WARD IDENTITIES; DARK-MATTER; DIMENSIONS; PARTICLE; SU(2); MODEL AB Little Higgs theories often rely on an internal parity ("T-parity") to suppress nonstandard electroweak effects or to provide a dark matter candidate. We show that such a symmetry is generally broken by anomalies, as described by the Wess-Zumino-Witten term. We study a simple SU(3)xSU(3)/SU(3) Little Higgs scheme where we obtain a minimal form for the topological interactions of a single Higgs field. The results apply to more general models, including [SU(3)xSU(3)/SU(3)](4), SU(5)/SO(5), and SU(6)/Sp(6). C1 [Hill, Christopher T.; Hill, Richard J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 38 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 115014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.115014 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200064 ER PT J AU Hu, BL Roura, A AF Hu, B. L. Roura, Albert TI Metric fluctuations of an evaporating black hole from backreaction of stress tensor fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES; SEMICLASSICAL BACK-REACTION; EINSTEIN-LANGEVIN EQUATION; SCHWARZSCHILD SPACETIME; HORIZON FLUCTUATIONS; QUANTUM CORRECTIONS; STOCHASTIC GRAVITY; PARTICLE CREATION; CURVED SPACETIME; FIELD-THEORY AB This paper delineates the first steps in a systematic quantitative study of the spacetime fluctuations induced by quantum fields in an evaporating black hole under the stochastic gravity program. The central object of interest is the noise kernel, which is the symmetrized two-point quantum correlation function of the stress tensor operator. As a concrete example we apply it to the study of the spherically symmetric sector of metric perturbations around an evaporating black hole background geometry. For macroscopic black holes we find that those fluctuations grow and eventually become important when considering sufficiently long periods of time (of the order of the evaporation time), but well before the Planckian regime is reached. In addition, the assumption of a simple correlation between the fluctuations of the energy flux crossing the horizon and far from it, which was made in earlier work on spherically symmetric induced fluctuations, is carefully scrutinized and found to be invalid. Our analysis suggests the existence of an infinite amplitude for the fluctuations when trying to localize the horizon as a three-dimensional hypersurface, as in the classical case, and, as a consequence, a more accurate picture of the horizon as possessing a finite effective width due to quantum fluctuations. This is supported by a systematic analysis of the noise kernel in curved spacetime smeared with different functions under different conditions; the details are collected in the appendixes. This case study shows a pathway for probing quantum metric fluctuations near the horizon and understanding their physical meaning. C1 [Hu, B. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roura, Albert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, BL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 124018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.124018 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300060 ER PT J AU Hu, W Holz, DE Vale, C AF Hu, Wayne Holz, Daniel E. Vale, Chris TI CMB cluster lensing: Cosmography with the longest lever arm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; MICROWAVE AB We discuss combining gravitational lensing of galaxies and the cosmic microwave background by clusters to measure cosmographic distance ratios, and hence dark energy parameters. Advantages to using the cosmic microwave background as the second source plane, instead of galaxies, include a well-determined source distance, a longer lever arm for distance ratios, typically up to an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to dark energy parameters, and a decreased sensitivity to photometric redshift accuracy of the lens and galaxy sources. Disadvantages include higher statistical errors, potential systematic errors, and the need for disparate surveys that overlap on the sky. Ongoing and planned surveys, such as the South Pole Telescope in conjunction with the Dark Energy Survey, can potentially reach the statistical sensitivity to make interesting consistency tests of the standard cosmological constant model. Future measurements that reach 1% or better precision in the convergences can provide sharp tests for future supernovae distance measurements. C1 [Hu, Wayne] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hu, Wayne] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vale, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hu, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 127301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.127301 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300127 ER PT J AU Kim, BS AF Kim, Bom Soo TI Nonrelativistic superstring theories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SOLUTIONS; MATRIX MODELS; STRING THEORY AB We construct a supersymmetric version of the critical nonrelativistic bosonic string theory [B. S. Kim, Phys. Rev. D 76, 106007 (2007).] with its manifest global symmetry. We introduce the anticommuting bc conformal field theory (CFT) which is the super partner of the beta gamma CFT. The conformal weights of the b and c fields are both 1/2. The action of the fermionic sector can be transformed into that of the relativistic superstring theory. We explicitly quantize the theory with manifest SO(8) symmetry and find that the spectrum is similar to that of type IIB superstring theory. There is one notable difference: the fermions are nonchiral. We further consider noncritical generalizations of the supersymmetric theory using the superspace formulation. There is an infinite range of possible string theories similar to the supercritical string theories. We comment on the connection between the critical nonrelativistic string theory and the lightlike linear dilaton theory. C1 [Kim, Bom Soo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Bom Soo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bskim@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 126013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.126013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300125 ER PT J AU Kusakabe, M Kajino, T Boyd, RN Yoshida, T Mathews, GJ AF Kusakabe, Motohiko Kajino, Toshitaka Boyd, Richard N. Yoshida, Takashi Mathews, Grant J. TI Simultaneous solution to the (6)Li and (7)Li big bang nucleosynthesis problems from a long-lived negatively charged leptonic particle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ABUNDANCE; PROBE; UNIVERSE; LITHIUM AB The (6)Li abundance observed in metal-poor halo stars exhibits a plateau similar to that for (7)Li suggesting a primordial origin. However, the observed abundance of (6)Li is a factor of 10(3) larger and that of (7)Li is a factor of 3 lower than the abundances predicted in the standard big bang when the baryon-to-photon ratio is fixed by Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe. Here we show that both of these abundance anomalies can be explained by the existence of a long-lived massive, negatively charged leptonic particle during nucleosynthesis. Such particles would capture onto the synthesized nuclei thereby reducing the reaction Coulomb barriers and opening new transfer reaction possibilities, and catalyzing a second round of big bang nucleosynthesis. This novel solution to both of the Li problems can be achieved with or without the additional effects of stellar destruction. C1 [Kusakabe, Motohiko; Kajino, Toshitaka; Boyd, Richard N.; Yoshida, Takashi] Natl Astron Observ, Div Theoret Astron, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kusakabe, Motohiko; Kajino, Toshitaka] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kajino, Toshitaka] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Astron Sci, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Boyd, Richard N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mathews, Grant J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mathews, Grant J.] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Kusakabe, M (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ, Div Theoret Astron, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM kusakabe@th.nao.ac.jp NR 24 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 121302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.121302 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DI UT WOS:000251987300003 ER PT J AU Lillie, B Shu, J Tait, TMP AF Lillie, Ben Shu, Jing Tait, Tim M. P. TI Kaluza-Kleingluons as a diagnostic of warped models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; MIXINGS; MASSES AB We study the properties of g(1), the first excited state of the gluon in representative variants of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with the standard model (SM) fields in the bulk. We find that measurements of the coupling to light quarks (from the inclusive cross section for pp -> g(1)-> t (t) over bar), the coupling to bottom quarks (from the rate of pp -> g(1)b), as well as the overall width can provide powerful discriminants between the models. In models with large brane kinetic terms, the g(1) resonance can even potentially be discovered decaying into dijets against the large QCD background. We also derive bounds based on existing Tevatron searches for resonant t (t) over bar production and find that they require M-g(1)greater than or similar to 950 GeV. In addition, we explore the pattern of interference between the g(1) signal and the nonresonant SM background, defining an asymmetry parameter for the invariant mass distribution. The interference probes the relative signs of the couplings of the g(1) to light quark pairs and to t (t) over bar, and thus provides an indication that the top is localized on the other side of the extra dimension from the light quarks, as is typical in the RS framework. C1 [Lillie, Ben; Shu, Jing] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lillie, Ben; Shu, Jing] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lillie, Ben; Shu, Jing; Tait, Tim M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shu, Jing] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lillie, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Shu, Jing/0000-0001-6569-403X NR 52 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 115016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.115016 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200066 ER PT J AU Mathur, N Alexandru, A Chen, Y Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Liu, KF Tamhankar, S Zhang, JB AF Mathur, N. Alexandru, A. Chen, Y. Dong, S. J. Draper, T. Horvath, I. Lee, F. X. Liu, K. F. Tamhankar, S. Zhang, J. B. TI Lattice QCD study of the scalar mesons a(0)(1450) and sigma(600) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING PHASE-SHIFTS; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORIES; RESONANCE SCATTERING; Q2QBAR2 MESONS; MONTE-CARLO; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; VOLUME DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; FINITE-VOLUME; STATES AB We study the a(0) and sigma mesons with the overlap fermion in the chiral regime with the pion mass as low as 182 MeV in the quenched approximation. After the eta(')pi ghost states are separated, we find the a(0) mass with the q (q) over bar interpolation field to be almost independent of the quark mass in the region below the strange quark mass. The chirally extrapolated results are consistent with a(0)(1450) being the u (d) over bar meson and K(0)(*)(1430) being the u (s) over bar meson with calculated masses at 1.42 +/- 0.13 GeV and 1.41 +/- 0.12 GeV, respectively. We also calculate the scalar mesonium with a tetraquark interpolation field. In addition to the two-pion scattering states, we find a state at similar to 550 MeV. Through the study of volume dependence, we confirm that this state is a one-particle state, in contrast to the two-pion scattering states. This suggests that the observed state is a tetraquark mesonium which is quite possibly the sigma(600) meson. C1 [Mathur, N.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Alexandru, A.; Dong, S. J.; Draper, T.; Horvath, I.; Liu, K. F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Chen, Y.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Lee, F. X.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Tamhankar, S.] Hamline Univ, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55104 USA. [Zhang, J. B.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Mathur, N (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 65 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 11 AR 114505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.114505 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 246DH UT WOS:000251987200041 ER PT J AU Brown, LS Singleton, RL AF Brown, Lowell S. Singleton, Robert L., Jr. TI Temperature equilibration rate with Fermi-Dirac statistics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID KINETIC EQUATION; PLASMA; FUSION AB We calculate analytically the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate in a fully ionized, weakly to moderately coupled plasma, using an exact treatment of the Fermi-Dirac electrons. The temperature is sufficiently high so that the quantum-mechanical Born approximation to the scattering is valid. It should be emphasized that we do not build a model of the energy exchange mechanism, but rather, we perform a systematic first principles calculation of the energy exchange. At the heart of this calculation lies the method of dimensional continuation, a technique that we borrow from quantum field theory and use in a different fashion to regulate the kinetic equations in a consistent manner. We can then perform a systematic perturbation expansion and thereby obtain a finite first-principles result to leading and next-to-leading order. Unlike model building, this systematic calculation yields an estimate of its own error and thus prescribes its domain of applicability. The calculational error is small for a weakly to moderately coupled plasma, for which our result is nearly exact. It should also be emphasized that our calculation becomes unreliable for a strongly coupled plasma, where the perturbative expansion that we employ breaks down, and one must then utilize model building and computer simulations. Besides providing different and potentially useful results, we use this calculation as an opportunity to explain the method of dimensional continuation in a pedagogical fashion. Interestingly, in the regime of relevance for many inertial confinement fusion experiments, the degeneracy corrections are comparable in size to the subleading quantum correction below the Born approximation. For consistency, we therefore present this subleading quantum-to-classical transition correction in addition to the degeneracy correction. C1 [Brown, Lowell S.; Singleton, Robert L., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 066404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.066404 PN 2 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246CT UT WOS:000251985800042 PM 18233929 ER PT J AU Eapen, J Li, J Yip, S AF Eapen, Jacob Li, Ju Yip, Sidney TI Beyond the Maxwell limit: Thermal conduction in nanofluids with percolating fluid structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; INTERFACE AB In a well-dispersed nanofluid with strong cluster-fluid attraction, thermal conduction paths can arise through percolating amorphouslike interfacial structures. This results in a thermal conductivity enhancement beyond the Maxwell limit of 3 phi, with phi being the nanoparticle volume fraction. Our findings from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, which are amenable to experimental verification, can provide a theoretical basis for the development of future nanofluids. C1 [Eapen, Jacob] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Ju] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yip, Sidney] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Eapen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eapen@lanl.gov RI Li, Ju/A-2993-2008; Eapen, Jacob/A-2777-2011 OI Li, Ju/0000-0002-7841-8058; Eapen, Jacob/0000-0001-6796-4013 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.062501 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246CR UT WOS:000251985600082 PM 18233882 ER PT J AU Lei, AL Pukhov, A Kodama, R Yabuuchi, T Adumi, K Endo, K Freeman, RR Habara, H Kitagawa, Y Kondo, K Kumar, GR Matsuoka, T Mima, K Nagatomo, H Norimatsu, T Shorokhov, O Snavely, R Yang, XQ Zheng, J Tanaka, KA AF Lei, A. L. Pukhov, A. Kodama, R. Yabuuchi, T. Adumi, K. Endo, K. Freeman, R. R. Habara, H. Kitagawa, Y. Kondo, K. Kumar, G. R. Matsuoka, T. Mima, K. Nagatomo, H. Norimatsu, T. Shorokhov, O. Snavely, R. Yang, X. Q. Zheng, J. Tanaka, K. A. TI Relativistic laser channeling in plasmas for fast ignition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OVERDENSE PLASMA; PULSES; PROPAGATION; UNDERDENSE; RADIATION; ELECTRONS; TARGETS AB We report an experimental observation suggesting plasma channel formation by focusing a relativistic laser pulse into a long-scale-length preformed plasma. The channel direction coincides with the laser axis. Laser light transmittance measurement indicates laser channeling into the high-density plasma with relativistic self-focusing. A three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation reproduces the plasma channel and reveals that the collimated hot-electron beam is generated along the laser axis in the laser channeling. These findings hold the promising possibility of fast heating a dense fuel plasma with a relativistic laser pulse. C1 [Lei, A. L.; Kodama, R.; Yabuuchi, T.; Adumi, K.; Endo, K.; Habara, H.; Kitagawa, Y.; Kondo, K.; Matsuoka, T.; Mima, K.; Nagatomo, H.; Norimatsu, T.; Tanaka, K. A.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Lei, A. L.; Kodama, R.; Yabuuchi, T.; Adumi, K.; Endo, K.; Habara, H.; Kondo, K.; Matsuoka, T.; Tanaka, K. A.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Pukhov, A.; Shorokhov, O.] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Phys 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Math & Phys Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kumar, G. R.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Snavely, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zheng, J.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lei, A. L.; Yang, X. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. RP Lei, AL (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM lal@siom.ac.cn RI Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; pukhov, alexander/C-8082-2016; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 066403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.066403 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246CT UT WOS:000251985800041 PM 18233928 ER PT J AU Sanchez, I Raynaud, F Lanuza, J Andreotti, B Clement, E Aranson, IS AF Sanchez, Ivan Raynaud, Franck Lanuza, Jose Andreotti, Bruno Clement, Eric Aranson, Igor S. TI Spreading of a granular droplet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FLOWS; MATTER AB The influence of controlled vibrations on the granular rheology is investigated in a specifically designed experiment in which a granular film spreads under the action of horizontal vibrations. A nonlinear diffusion equation is derived theoretically that describes the evolution of the deposit shape. A self-similar parabolic shape (the"granular droplet") and a spreading dynamics are predicted that both agree quantitatively with the experimental results. The theoretical analysis is used to extract effective friction coefficients between the base and the granular layer under sustained and controlled vibrations. A shear thickening regime characteristic of dense granular flows is evidenced at low vibration energy, both for glass beads and natural sand. Conversely, shear thinning is observed at high agitation. C1 [Sanchez, Ivan] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Sanchez, Ivan] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. [Raynaud, Franck] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7057, MSC, F-75013 Paris, France. [Lanuza, Jose; Andreotti, Bruno; Clement, Eric] ESPCI Univ P6 P7, CNRS, UMR 7636, PMMH, F-75005 Paris, France. [Aranson, Igor S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sanchez, I (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, AP 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 060301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.060301 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246CR UT WOS:000251985600005 PM 18233805 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R AF Gilson, Erik P. Chung, Moses Davidson, Ronald C. Efthimion, Philip C. Majeski, Richard TI Transverse beam compression on the Paul trap simulator experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENT PTSX; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY AB The Paul trap simulator experiment is a compact laboratory Paul trap that simulates a long, thin charged-particle bunch coasting through a kilometers-long magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport system by putting the physicist in the beam's frame of reference. The transverse dynamics of particles in both systems are described by similar equations, including all nonlinear space-charge effects. The time-dependent quadrupolar electric fields created by the confinement electrodes of a linear Paul trap correspond to the axially dependent magnetic fields applied in the AG system. Results are presented for experiments in which the lattice period and strength are changed over the course of the experiment to transversely compress a beam with an initial depressed tune of 0.9. Instantaneous and smooth changes are considered. Emphasis is placed on determining the conditions that minimize the emittance growth and the number of halo particles produced by the beam compression process. Both the results of particle-in-cell simulations performed with the warp code and envelope equation solutions agree well with the experimental data. C1 [Gilson, Erik P.; Chung, Moses; Davidson, Ronald C.; Efthimion, Philip C.; Majeski, Richard] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 AR 124201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.124201 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 261ME UT WOS:000253082500006 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN Aseev, VN Gonin, IV Rusnak, B AF Ostroumov, P. N. Aseev, V. N. Gonin, I. V. Rusnak, B. TI Application of International Linear Collider superconducting cavities for acceleration of protons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Beam acceleration in the International Linear Collider (ILC) will be provided by 9-cell 1300 MHz superconducting (SC) cavities. The cavities are designed for effective acceleration of charged particles moving with the speed of light and are operated on pi-mode to provide a maximum accelerating gradient. A significant research and development effort has been devoted to develop ILC SC technology and its rf system which resulted in excellent performance of ILC cavities. Therefore, the proposed 8-GeV proton driver in Fermilab is based on ILC cavities above similar to 1: 2 GeV. The efficiency of proton beam acceleration by ILC cavities drops fast for lower velocities and it was proposed to develop squeezed ILC-type (S-ILC) cavities operating at 1300 MHz and designed for beta(G) = 0: 81, geometrical beta, to accelerate protons or H(-) from similar to 420 MeV to 1.2 GeV. This paper discusses the possibility of avoiding the development of new B(G) = 0.81 cavities by operating ILC cavities on 8/9 pi-mode of standing wave oscillations. C1 [Ostroumov, P. N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aseev, V. N.; Gonin, I. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Rusnak, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ostroumov@phy.anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 AR 120101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.120101 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 261ME UT WOS:000253082500001 ER PT J AU Olson, BJ Cook, AW AF Olson, Britton J. Cook, Andrew W. TI Rayleigh-Taylor shock waves SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID IA-SUPERNOVAE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WHITE-DWARFS; DETONATION; FLAMES; TRANSITION; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; MODELS AB Beginning from a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, in which a heavy gas rests atop a light gas in a constant gravitational field, Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface will launch a shock wave into the upper fluid. We have performed a series of large-eddy simulations which suggest that the rising bubbles of light fluid act like pistons, compressing the heavy fluid ahead of the fronts and generating shocklets. These shocklets coalesce in multidimensional fashion into a strong normal shock, which increases in strength as it propagates upwards. The simulations demonstrate that the shock Mach number increases faster in three dimensions than it does in two dimensions. The generation of shocks via Rayleigh-Taylor instability could play an important role in type Ia supernovae. C1 [Olson, Britton J.; Cook, Andrew W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Olson, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 12 AR 128108 DI 10.1063/1.2821907 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 246DP UT WOS:000251988000041 ER PT J AU Sharpe, GJ Short, M AF Sharpe, Gary J. Short, Mark TI Ignition of thermally sensitive explosives between a contact surface and a shock SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHING REACTION MODEL; DETONATION; TRANSITION; INITIATION; WAVES AB The dynamics of ignition between a contact surface and a shock wave is investigated using a one-step reaction model with Arrhenius kinetics. Both large activation energy asymptotics and high-resolution finite activation energy numerical simulations are employed. Emphasis is on comparing and contrasting the solutions with those of the ignition process between a piston and a shock, considered previously. The large activation energy asymptotic solutions are found to be qualitatively different from the piston driven shock case, in that thermal runaway first occurs ahead of the contact surface, and both forward and backward moving reaction waves emerge. These waves take the form of quasisteady weak detonations that may later transition into strong detonation waves. For the finite activation energies considered in the numerical simulations, the results are qualitatively different to the asymptotic predictions in that no backward weak detonation wave forms, and there is only a weak dependence of the evolutionary events on the acoustic impedance of the contact surface. The above conclusions are relevant to gas phase equation of state models. However, when a large polytropic index more representative of condensed phase explosives is used, the large activation energy asymptotic and finite activation energy numerical results are found to be in quantitative agreement. C1 [Sharpe, Gary J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Short, Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sharpe, GJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM mengjs@leeds.ac.uk NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 12 AR 126102 DI 10.1063/1.2821909 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 246DP UT WOS:000251988000028 ER PT J AU Lindberg, RR Charman, AE Wurtele, JS AF Lindberg, R. R. Charman, A. E. Wurtele, J. S. TI Self-consistent Langmuir waves in resonantly driven thermal plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN; SEPARATRIX CROSSINGS; FREQUENCY-SHIFT; LASER-BEAMS; OSCILLATIONS; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; MODEL AB The longitudinal dynamics of a resonantly driven Langmuir wave are analyzed in the limit that the growth of the electrostatic wave is slow compared to the bounce frequency. Using simple physical arguments, the nonlinear distribution function is shown to be nearly invariant in the canonical particle action, provided both a spatially uniform term and higher-order spatial harmonics are included along with the fundamental in the longitudinal electric field. Requirements of self-consistency with the electrostatic potential yield the basic properties of the nonlinear distribution function, including a frequency shift that agrees closely with driven, electrostatic particle simulations over a range of temperatures. This extends earlier work on nonlinear Langmuir waves by Morales and O'Neil [G. J. Morales and T. M. O'Neil, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 417 (1972)] and Dewar [R. L. Dewar, Phys. Plasmas 15, 712 (1972)], and could form the basis of a reduced kinetic treatment of plasma dynamics for accelerator applications or Raman backscatter. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lindberg, R. R.; Charman, A. E.; Wurtele, J. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lindberg, R. R.; Charman, A. E.; Wurtele, J. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lindberg, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rlindberg@berkeley.edu RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 AR 122103 DI 10.1063/1.2801714 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246DR UT WOS:000251988200006 ER PT J AU Pasley, J Wei, M Shipton, E Chen, S Ma, T Beg, FN Alexander, N Stephens, R MacPhee, AG Hey, D Le Pape, S Patel, P Mackinnon, A Key, M Offermann, D Link, A Chowdhury, E Van-Woerkom, L Freeman, RR AF Pasley, J. Wei, M. Shipton, E. Chen, S. Ma, T. Beg, F. N. Alexander, N. Stephens, R. MacPhee, A. G. Hey, D. Le Pape, S. Patel, P. Mackinnon, A. Key, M. Offermann, D. Link, A. Chowdhury, E. Van-Woerkom, L. Freeman, R. R. TI Experimental observations of transport of picosecond laser generated electrons in a nail-like target SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PIC SIMULATION; FAST IGNITION AB The transport of relativistic electrons, generated by the interaction of a high intensity (2 x 10(20) W/cm(2)) laser, has been studied in a nail-like target comprised of a 20 mu m diameter solid copper wire, coated with similar to 2 mu m of titanium, with an 80 mu m diameter hemispherical termination. A similar to 500 fs, similar to 200 J pulse of 1.053 mu m laser light produced by the Titan Laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was focused to a similar to 20 mu m diameter spot centered on the flat face of the hemisphere. K(alpha) fluorescence from the Cu and Ti regions was imaged together with extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission at 68 and 256 eV. Results showed a quasiexponential decline in K(alpha) emission along the wire over a distance of a few hundred microns from the laser focus, consistent with bulk Ohmic inhibition of the relativistic electron transport. Weaker K(alpha) and XUV emission on a longer scale length showed limb brightening suggesting a transition to enhanced transport at the surface of the wire. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pasley, J.; Wei, M.; Shipton, E.; Chen, S.; Ma, T.; Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Alexander, N.; Stephens, R.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [MacPhee, A. G.; Hey, D.; Le Pape, S.; Patel, P.; Mackinnon, A.; Key, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Offermann, D.; Link, A.; Chowdhury, E.; Van-Woerkom, L.; Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hey, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pasley, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015; OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141; Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 AR 120701 DI 10.1063/1.2815790 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246DR UT WOS:000251988200001 ER PT J AU Sawada, H Regan, SP Meyerhofer, DD Igumenshchev, IV Goncharov, VN Boehly, TR Epstein, R Sangster, TC Smalyuk, VA Yaakobi, B Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Landen, OL AF Sawada, H. Regan, S. P. Meyerhofer, D. D. Igumenshchev, I. V. Goncharov, V. N. Boehly, T. R. Epstein, R. Sangster, T. C. Smalyuk, V. A. Yaakobi, B. Gregori, G. Glenzer, S. H. Landen, O. L. TI Diagnosing direct-drive, shock-heated, and compressed plastic planar foils with noncollective spectrally resolved x-ray scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DENSE-PLASMAS; THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER FUSION; IGNITION; CONDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRONS; IMPLOSION; TRANSPORT AB The electron temperature (T(e)) and average ionization (Z) of nearly Fermi-degenerate, direct-drive, shock-heated, and compressed plastic planar foils were investigated using noncollective spectrally resolved x-ray scattering on the OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Plastic (CH) and Br-doped CH foils were driven with six beams, having an overlapped intensity of similar to 1x10(14) W/cm(2) and generating similar to 15 Mbar pressure in the foil. The plasma conditions of the foil predicted with a one-dimensional (1-D) hydrodynamics code are T(e)similar to 10 eV, Z similar to 1, mass density rho similar to 4 g/cm(3), and electron density n(e)similar to 3x10(23) cm(-3). The uniformly compressed portion of the target was probed with 9.0-keV x rays from a Zn He(alpha) backlighter created with 18 additional tightly focused beams. The x rays scattered at either 90 degrees or 120 degrees were dispersed with a Bragg crystal spectrometer and recorded with an x-ray framing camera. An examination of the scattered x-ray spectra reveals that an upper limit of Z similar to 2 and T(e)=20 eV are inferred from the spectral line shapes of the elastic Rayleigh and inelastic Compton components. Low average ionizations (i.e., Z < 2) cannot be accurately diagnosed in this experiment due to the difficulties in distinguishing delocalized valence and free electrons. Trace amounts of Br in the CH foil (i.e., 2% atomic concentration) are shown to increase the sensitivity of the noncollective, spectrally resolved x-ray scattering to changes in the average ionization. The experimentally inferred electron temperatures are comparable to the 1-D predictions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sawada, H.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Goncharov, V. N.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Meyerhofer, D. D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Gregori, G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gregori, G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Glenzer, S. H.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sawada, H (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Mech Engn, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011; Sawada, Hiroshi/Q-8434-2016 OI Sawada, Hiroshi/0000-0002-7972-9894 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 AR 122703 DI 10.1063/1.2819675 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246DR UT WOS:000251988200030 ER PT J AU Sentoku, Y Kemp, AJ Presura, R Bakeman, MS Cowan, TE AF Sentoku, Y. Kemp, A. J. Presura, R. Bakeman, M. S. Cowan, T. E. TI Isochoric heating in heterogeneous solid targets with ultrashort laser pulses SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DENSE MATTER; IRRADIATION; SIMULATION; PLASMAS; MODEL AB We study ultrafast heating of thin plastic foils by intense laser irradiation theoretically using collisional two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We find that the laser-generated hot electrons are confined laterally by self-generated resistive magnetic fields, heating the laser focal area beyond keV electron temperatures isochorically in a few picoseconds. Using this confinement one can excite shock waves that compress the plasma beyond solid density and achieve keV thermal plasmas before the plasma disassembles. Such shocks can be launched at material interfaces inside the target where jumps in the average ionization state and thus electron density lead to gigabar pressure. They propagate stably over picoseconds accompanied by multi-megagauss magnetic fields, and thus have a potential for various applications in high energy density physics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sentoku, Y.; Kemp, A. J.; Presura, R.; Bakeman, M. S.; Cowan, T. E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kemp, A. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sentoku, Y (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sentoku@physics.unr.edu RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 AR 122701 DI 10.1063/1.2816439 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246DR UT WOS:000251988200028 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical Point Dark energy SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNIVERSE C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 239DB UT WOS:000251497700024 ER PT J AU Dermody, O Weltzin, JF Engel, EC Allen, P Norby, RJ AF Dermody, Orla Weltzin, Jake F. Engel, Elizabeth C. Allen, Philip Norby, Richard J. TI How do elevated [CO2], warming, and reduced precipitation interact to affect soil moisture and LAI in an old field ecosystem? SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Ecosystems; Interactions; OCCAM (Old-Field Community Climate and Atmospheric Manipulation) ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; WATER-BALANCE; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; CARBON AB Soil moisture content and leaf area index (LAI) are properties that will be particularly important in mediating whole system responses to the combined effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2], warming and altered precipitation. Warming and drying will likely reduce soil moisture, and this effect may be exacerbated when these factors are combined. However, elevated [CO2] may increase soil moisture contents and when combined with warming and drying may partially compensate for their effects. The response of LAI to elevated [CO2] and warming will be closely tied to soil moisture status and may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of global change on soil moisture. Using open-top chambers (4-m diameter), the interactive effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and differential irrigation on soil moisture availability were examined in the OCCAM (Old-Field Community Climate and Atmospheric Manipulation) experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in eastern Tennessee. Warming consistently reduced soil moisture contents and this effect was exacerbated by reduced irrigation. However, elevated [CO2] mitigated the effects of warming and drying on soil moisture. LAI was determined using an AccuPAR ceptometer and both the leaf area duration (LAD) and canopy size were increased by irrigation and elevated [CO2]. Changes in LAI were closely linked to soil moisture status. The climate of the southeastern United States is predicted to be warmer and drier in the future, and this research suggests that although elevated [CO2] will ameliorate the effects of warming and drying, losses of soil moisture will cause declines in the LAI of old field ecosystems in the future. C1 [Dermody, Orla; Weltzin, Jake F.; Engel, Elizabeth C.; Allen, Philip] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dermody, O (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM odermody@utk.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2007 VL 301 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9443-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 252VX UT WOS:000252476000021 ER PT J AU Tripp, J Inoue, K Keegstra, K Froehlich, JE AF Tripp, Joanna Inoue, Kentaro Keegstra, Kenneth Froehlich, John E. TI A novel serine/proline-rich domain in combination with a transmembrane domain is required for the insertion of AtTic40 into the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chloroplasts; protein import; inner envelope membrane ID PROTEIN IMPORT APPARATUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INTERMEMBRANE SPACE; YEAST MITOCHONDRIA; DELTA-PH; PATHWAY; SIGNAL; TRANSLOCATION; INTERMEDIATE; PEPTIDE AB AtTic40 is part of the chloroplastic protein import apparatus that is anchored in the inner envelope membrane by a single N-terminal transmembrane domain, and has a topology in which the bulk of the C-terminal domain is oriented toward the stroma. The targeting of AtTic40 to the inner envelope membrane involves two steps. Using an in vitro import assay, we showed that the sorting of AtTic40 requires a bipartite transit peptide, which was first cleaved by the stromal processing peptidase (SPP), thus generating a soluble AtTic40 stromal intermediate (iAtTic40). iAtTic40 was further processed by a second unknown peptidase, which generates its mature form (mAtTic40). Using deletion mutants, we identified a sequence motif N-terminal of the transmembrane domain that was essential for reinsertion of iAtTic40 into the inner envelope membrane. We have designated this region a serine/proline-rich (S/P-rich) domain and present a model describing its role in the targeting of AtTic40 to the inner envelope membrane. C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Froehlich, JE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM froehli5@msu.edu NR 59 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 824 EP 838 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03279.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 235BB UT WOS:000251207400004 PM 17883373 ER PT J AU Makepeace, JC Oxley, SJP Havis, ND Hackett, R Burke, JI Brown, JKM AF Makepeace, J. C. Oxley, S. J. P. Havis, N. D. Hackett, R. Burke, J. I. Brown, J. K. M. TI Associations between fungal and abiotic leaf spotting and the presence of mlo alleles in barley SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley powdery mildew resistance; barley scald; Hordeum vulgare; Ramularia collo-cygni; ramularia leaf spot of barley; Rhynchosporium secalis ID RAMULARIA-COLLO-CYGNI; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; RHYNCHOSPORIUM-SECALIS; CALLOSE FORMATION; ACTIVE RUBELLINS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASES; WALLER; SUTTON AB The hypothesis that the increased use of the powdery mildew-resistance gene mlo has caused the increase in spotting diseases of barley over the past 20 years was tested in field trials. Near-isogenic lines with alleles of the Mlo gene for susceptibility or resistance to mildew in two parental backgrounds were trialled at four sites in Scotland and two in Ireland that were prone to spotting diseases, over 3 consecutive years. Mildew was controlled by sprays with quinoxyfen. Disease levels were low in the trials, the two most important diseases being scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis and ramularia leaf spot caused by Ramularia collo-cygni. There were high levels of abiotic spotting. Lines with mutant mlo alleles consistently developed less Rh. secalis and Ra. collo-cygni, but more abiotic spots. This study indicates that the mlo mildew-resistance gene has not alone been responsible for the rise in spotting diseases over the past 20 years. Possible reasons for the rise are discussed, including the interaction of the mlo gene with the environment. C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. SAC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland. Teagasc, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Brown, JKM (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM james.brown@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01680.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 228WL UT WOS:000250763200003 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Wei, GH Zhang, H Zheng, LL Welch, DO Sampath, S AF Zhang, W. Wei, G. H. Zhang, H. Zheng, L. L. Welch, D. O. Sampath, S. TI Toward the achievement of substrate melting and controlled solidification in thermal spraying SO PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE air plasma spray; plasma particle interaction; substrate melting; crystal growth; splat solidification ID PARTICLE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SPLAT FORMATION; BONDING MECHANISM; MOLTEN-METAL; PLASMA SPRAY; COATINGS; DROPLET; SURFACE; RESOLIDIFICATION AB The substrate is usually kept at a distant location in traditional thermal spraying, and substrate melting, which can improve splat adhesion usually does not happen. By moving the substrate close to the plasma flame and attaching a temperature control device to the backside of the substrate, as well as by additional heating from the molten droplets, substrate melting may occur and directional splat solidification becomes possible. In this proposed design, the substrate temperature is controlled by spray distance, flame temperature and initial substrate temperature. The variations of particle in-flight characteristics and contact interface temperature on spray distance are investigated. Optimal operating conditions are determined. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Mat Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zheng, LL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lili.zheng@sunysb.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4324 EI 1572-8986 J9 PLASMA CHEM PLASMA P JI Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 717 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s11090-007-9104-0 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA 237RP UT WOS:000251394400006 ER PT J AU Chapman, IT Pinches, SD Graves, JP Akers, RJ Appel, LC Budny, RV Coda, S Conway, NJ de Bock, M Eriksson, LG Hastie, RJ Hender, TC Huysmans, GTA Johnson, T Koslowski, HR Kramer-Flecken, A Lennholm, M Liang, Y Saarelma, S Sharapov, SE Voitsekhovitch, I AF Chapman, I. T. Pinches, S. D. Graves, J. P. Akers, R. J. Appel, L. C. Budny, R. V. Coda, S. Conway, N. J. de Bock, M. Eriksson, L-G Hastie, R. J. Hender, T. C. Huysmans, G. T. A. Johnson, T. Koslowski, H. R. Kraemer-Flecken, A. Lennholm, M. Liang, Y. Saarelma, S. Sharapov, S. E. Voitsekhovitch, I. CA MAST & TEXTOR Teams & JET EFDA TI The physics of sawtooth stabilization SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID TOROIDAL PLASMA ROTATION; INTERNAL KINK MODE; CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK; ITER; OSCILLATIONS; PERIOD AB Long period sawteeth have been observed to result in low-beta triggering of neo-classical tearing modes, which can significantly degrade plasma confinement. Consequently, a detailed physical understanding of sawtooth behaviour is critical, especially for ITER where fusion-born a particles are likely to lead to very long sawtooth periods. Many techniques have been developed to control, and in particular to destabilize the sawteeth. The application of counter-current neutral beam injection (NBI) in JET has resulted in shorter sawtooth periods than in Ohmic plasmas. This result has been explained because, firstly, the counter-passing fast ions give a destabilizing contribution to the n=1 internal kink mode-which is accepted to be related to sawtooth oscillations-and secondly, the flow shear strongly influences the stabilizing trapped particles. A similar experimental result has been observed in counter-NBI heated plasmas in MAST. However, the strong toroidal flows in spherical tokamaks mean that the sawtooth behaviour is determined by the gyroscopic flow stabilization of the kink mode rather than kinetic effects. In NBI heated plasmas in smaller conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks, such as TEXTOR, the flow and kinetic effects compete to give different sawtooth behaviour. Other techniques applied to destabilize sawteeth are the application of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) or ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). In JET, it has been observed that localized ICRH is able to destabilize sawteeth which were otherwise stabilized by a co-existing population of energetic trapped ions in the core. This is explained through the dual role of the ICRH in reducing the critical magnetic shear required to trigger a sawtooth crash, and the increase in the local magnetic shear which results from driving current near the q=1 rational surface. Sawtooth control in ITER could be provided by a combination of ECCD and co-passing off-axis negative-NBI fast ions. C1 [Chapman, I. T.; Pinches, S. D.; Akers, R. J.; Appel, L. C.; Conway, N. J.; Hastie, R. J.; Hender, T. C.; Saarelma, S.; Sharapov, S. E.; Voitsekhovitch, I.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Graves, J. P.; Coda, S.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Budny, R. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [de Bock, M.] EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Eriksson, L-G; Huysmans, G. T. A.; Lennholm, M.] CEA Cadarache, Assoc Euratom CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Johnson, T.] Assoc EURATOM VR, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Koslowski, H. R.; Kraemer-Flecken, A.; Liang, Y.] FZ Julich GmbH, Assoc EURATOM FZ Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Chapman, IT (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM ian.chapman@ukaea.org.uk NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B385 EP B394 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S35 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900037 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Berk, HL Crocker, NA Fredrickson, ED Kaye, S Kubota, S Park, H Peebles, W Sabbagh, SA Sharapov, SE Stutmat, D Tritz, K Levinton, FM Yuh, H AF Gorelenkov, N. N. Berk, H. L. Crocker, N. A. Fredrickson, E. D. Kaye, S. Kubota, S. Park, H. Peebles, W. Sabbagh, S. A. Sharapov, S. E. Stutmat, D. Tritz, K. Levinton, F. M. Yuh, H. CA NSTX Team TI Predictions and observations of global beta-induced Alfven-acoustic modes in JET and NSTX SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; DIII-D TOKAMAK; IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; KINETIC-THEORY; EIGENMODES; WAVES; SPECTRUM; EXPLANATION; SYSTEMS; IONS AB In this paper we report on observations and interpretations of a new class of global MHD eigenmode solutions arising in gaps in the low frequency Alfven - acoustic continuum below the geodesic acoustic mode frequency. These modes have been just reported (Gorelenkov et al 2007 Phys. Lett. 370 70 - 7) where preliminary comparisons indicate qualitative agreement between theory and experiment. Here we show a more quantitative comparison emphasizing recent NSTX experiments on the observations of the global eigenmodes, referred to as beta-induced Alfven - acoustic eigenmodes (BAAEs), which exist near the extrema of the Alfven - acoustic continuum. In accordance to the linear dispersion relations, the frequency of these modes may shift as the safety factor, q, profile relaxes. We show that BAAEs can be responsible for observations in JET plasmas at relatively low beta < 2% as well as in NSTX plasmas at relatively high beta > 20%. In NSTX plasma observed magnetic activity has the same properties as predicted by theory for the mode structure and the frequency. Found numerically in NOVA simulations BAAEs are used to explain the observed properties of relatively low frequency experimental signals seen in NSTX and JET tokamaks. C1 [Gorelenkov, N. N.; Fredrickson, E. D.; Kaye, S.; Park, H.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Berk, H. L.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Berk, H. L.; Kubota, S.; Peebles, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sharapov, S. E.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Stutmat, D.; Tritz, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Levinton, F. M.; Yuh, H.] Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ngorelen@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B371 EP B383 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S34 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900036 ER PT J AU Hooker, SM Brunetti, E Esarey, E Gallacher, JG Geddes, CGR Gonsalves, AJ Jaroszynski, DA Kamperidis, C Kneip, S Krushelnick, K Leemans, WP Mangles, SPD Murphy, CD Nagler, B Najmudin, Z Nakamura, K Norreys, PA Panasenko, D Rowlands-Rees, TP Schroeder, CB Toth, CS Trines, R AF Hooker, S. M. Brunetti, E. Esarey, E. Gallacher, J. G. Geddes, C. G. R. Gonsalves, A. J. Jaroszynski, D. A. Kamperidis, C. Kneip, S. Krushelnick, K. Leemans, W. P. Mangles, S. P. D. Murphy, C. D. Nagler, B. Najmudin, Z. Nakamura, K. Norreys, P. A. Panasenko, D. Rowlands-Rees, T. P. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, C. S. Trines, R. TI GeV plasma accelerators driven in waveguides SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB During the last few years laser-driven plasma accelerators have been shown to generate quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with energies up to several hundred MeV. Extending the output energy of laser-driven plasma accelerators to the GeV range requires operation at plasma densities an order of magnitude lower, i.e. 10(18) cm(-3), and increasing the distance over which acceleration is maintained from a few millimetres to a few tens of millimetres. One approach for achieving this is to guide the driving laser pulse in the plasma channel formed in a gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide. We present transverse interferometric measurements of the evolution of the plasma channel formed and compare these measurements with models of the capillary discharge. We describe in detail experiments performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in which plasma accelerators were driven within this type of waveguide to generate quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with energies up to I GeV. C1 [Hooker, S. M.; Nagler, B.; Rowlands-Rees, T. P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Brunetti, E.; Gallacher, J. G.; Jaroszynski, D. A.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow 107, Lanark, Scotland. [Esarey, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Leemans, W. P.; Nakamura, K.; Panasenko, D.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, C. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kamperidis, C.; Kneip, S.; Krushelnick, K.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Murphy, C. D.; Najmudin, Z.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Murphy, C. D.; Norreys, P. A.; Trines, R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Nakamura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hooker, SM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Mangles, Stuart/F-9070-2014; Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015; OI Mangles, Stuart/0000-0003-2443-4201; Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B403 EP B410 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S37 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900039 ER PT J AU Innocenti, ME Lapenta, G AF Innocenti, Maria Elena Lapenta, Giovanni TI Momentum creation by drift instabilities in space and laboratory plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID CURRENT SHEET; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; TURBULENCE; RECONNECTION; SIMULATION; ROTATION; FIELD AB The role of drift turbulence in momentum creation is studied for conditions prevalent in some space and laboratory plasmas. A new approach is presented to analyze non-linear kinetic simulations and to extract the role of wave-particle interaction in momentum creation. The approach is applied to the lower-hybrid drift instability where it is shown that the anomalous resistivity generated does not penetrate into the plasma even when electromagnetic fluctuations are considered. C1 [Innocenti, Maria Elena; Lapenta, Giovanni] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Innocenti, Maria Elena] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Lapenta, Giovanni] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Wiskunde, Ctr Plasma Astrophys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Innocenti, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B521 EP B528 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S50 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900052 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Koslowski, HR Thomas, PR Nardon, E Jachmich, S Alper, B Andrew, P Andrew, Y Arnoux, G Baranov, Y Becoulet, M Beurskens, M Biewer, T Bigi, M Crombe, K De La Luna, E de Vries, P Eich, T Esser, HG Fundamenski, W Gerasimov, S Giroud, C Gryaznevich, MP Harting, D Hawkes, N Hotchin, S Howell, D Huber, A Jakubowski, M Kiptily, V Kreter, A Moreira, L Parail, V Pinches, SD Rachlew, E Schmitz, O Zimmermann, O AF Liang, Y. Koslowski, H. R. Thomas, P. R. Nardon, E. Jachmich, S. Alper, B. Andrew, P. Andrew, Y. Arnoux, G. Baranov, Y. Becoulet, M. Beurskens, M. Biewer, T. Bigi, M. Crombe, K. De La Luna, E. de Vries, P. Eich, T. Esser, H. G. Fundamenski, W. Gerasimov, S. Giroud, C. Gryaznevich, M. P. Harting, D. Hawkes, N. Hotchin, S. Howell, D. Huber, A. Jakubowski, M. Kiptily, V. Kreter, A. Moreira, L. Parail, V. Pinches, S. D. Rachlew, E. Schmitz, O. Zimmermann, O. CA JET-FEDA Contributors TI Active control of type-I edge localized modes on JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID PLASMA FLUID ROTATION; DIII-D; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; DISCHARGES; BETA AB The operational domain for active control of type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) with an n = 1 external magnetic perturbation field induced by the ex-vessel error field correction coils on JET has been developed towards more ITER-relevant regimes with high plasma triangularity, up to 0.45, high normalized beta, up to 3.0, plasma current up to 2.0 MA and q(95) varied between 3.0 and 4.8. The results of ELM mitigation in high triangularity plasmas show that the frequency of type-I ELMs increased by a factor of 4 during the application of the n = 1 fields, while the energy loss per ELM, Delta W/W, decreased from 6% to below the noise level of the diamagnetic measurement (<2%). No reduction of confinement quality (H98Y) during the ELM mitigation phase has been observed. The minimum n = 1 perturbation field amplitude above which the ELMs were mitigated increased with a lower q(95) but always remained below the n = 1 locked mode threshold. The first results of ELM mitigation with n = 2 magnetic perturbations on JET demonstrate that the frequency of ELMs increased from C1 [Liang, Y.; Koslowski, H. R.; Harting, D.; Huber, A.; Jakubowski, M.; Kreter, A.; Schmitz, O.; Zimmermann, O.] Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Energie Forsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Thomas, P. R.; Nardon, E.; Arnoux, G.; Becoulet, M.] CEA, EURATOM Assoc, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Jachmich, S.] Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Biewer, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bigi, M.] Consorzio RFX Padova, ENEA Fus, EURATOM Assoc, Padua, Italy. [Crombe, K.] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [De La Luna, E.] CIEMAT, EURATOM Assoc, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Eich, T.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rachlew, E.] KTH, SCI, Dept Phys, Assoc EURATOM VR, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Alper, B.; Andrew, P.; Andrew, Y.; Baranov, Y.; Beurskens, M.; de Vries, P.; Fundamenski, W.; Gerasimov, S.; Giroud, C.; Gryaznevich, M. P.; Hawkes, N.; Hotchin, S.; Howell, D.; Kiptily, V.; Moreira, L.; Parail, V.; Pinches, S. D.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Liang, Y (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Energie Forsch Plasmaphys, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Gerasimov, Sergei/O-4881-2015 OI Gerasimov, Sergei/0000-0002-6249-2931 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B581 EP B589 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S54 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900056 ER PT J AU Reimerdes, H Garofalo, AM Okabayashi, M Strait, EJ Betti, R Chu, MS Hu, B In, Y Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lanctot, MJ Liu, YQ Navratil, GA Solomon, WM Takahashi, H Groebner, RJ AF Reimerdes, H. Garofalo, A. M. Okabayashi, M. Strait, E. J. Betti, R. Chu, M. S. Hu, B. In, Y. Jackson, G. L. La Haye, R. J. Lanctot, M. J. Liu, Y. Q. Navratil, G. A. Solomon, W. M. Takahashi, H. Groebner, R. J. CA DIII-D Team TI Resistive wall mode stabilization in slowly rotating high beta plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID DIII-D PLASMAS; STABILITY; TOKAMAKS; SHEAR AB DIII-D experiments show that the resistive wall mode (RWM) can remain stable in high beta scenarios despite a low net torque from nearly balanced neutral beam injection heating. The minimization of magnetic field asymmetries is essential for operation at the resulting low plasma rotation of less than 20 krad s(-1) (measured with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy using C vi emission) corresponding to less than 1% of the Alfven velocity or less than 10% of the ion thermal velocity. In the presence of n=1 field asymmetries the rotation required for stability is significantly higher and depends on the torque input and momentum confinement, which suggests that a loss of torque-balance can lead to an effective rotation threshold above the linear RWM stability threshold. Without an externally applied field the measured rotation can be too low to neglect the diamagnetic rotation. A comparison of the instability onset in plasmas rotating with and against the direction of the plasma current indicates the importance of the toroidal flow driven by the radial electric field in the stabilization process. Observed rotation thresholds are compared with predictions for the semi-kinetic damping model, which generally underestimates the rotation required for stability. A more detailed modeling of kinetic damping including diamagnetic and precession drift frequencies can lead to stability without plasma rotation. However, even with corrected error fields and fast plasma rotation, plasma generated perturbations, such as edge localized modes, can nonlinearly destabilize the RWM. In these cases feedback control can increase the damping of the magnetic perturbation and is effective in extending the duration of high beta discharges. C1 [Reimerdes, H.; Garofalo, A. M.; Lanctot, M. J.; Navratil, G. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Okabayashi, M.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Strait, E. J.; Chu, M. S.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J.; Groebner, R. J.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Betti, R.; Hu, B.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [In, Y.] FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Liu, Y. Q.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Reimerdes, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM hr2012@columbia.edu OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B349 EP B358 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S32 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900034 ER PT J AU Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA Deboo, JC Prater, R Kinsey, JE Staebler, GM Candy, J Austin, ME Bravenec, RV Burrell, KH Degrassie, JS Doyle, EJ Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Lohr, J Makowski, MA Nguyen, XV Petty, CC Solomon, WM St John, HE Van Zeeland, MA Wang, G Zeng, L AF Rhodes, T. L. Peebles, W. A. Deboo, J. C. Prater, R. Kinsey, J. E. Staebler, G. M. Candy, J. Austin, M. E. Bravenec, R. V. Burrell, K. H. deGrassie, J. S. Doyle, E. J. Gohil, P. Greenfield, C. M. Groebner, R. J. Lohr, J. Makowski, M. A. Nguyen, X. V. Petty, C. C. Solomon, W. M. St John, H. E. Van Zeeland, M. A. Wang, G. Zeng, L. TI Broad wavenumber turbulence and transport during ohmic and electron cyclotron heating in the DIII-D tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; EXB VELOCITY SHEAR; PLASMAS; PINCH; MODEL AB The response of plasma parameters and broad wavenumber turbulence (1-39 cm(-1), k rho s = 0.1-10, relevant to ion temperature gradient, trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient mode turbulence, here rho(s) = ion gyroradius) to auxiliary electron cyclotron heating (ECH) is reported on. One fluid thermal fluxes and diffusivities increase appreciably with ECH. Significant changes to the density fluctuations over the full range of measured wavenumbers are observed, with an increase for lower wavenumbers and a more spatially complicated response at high k. Spatially resolved high k measurements (k = 39 cm(-1), k rho s = 4-10) show a varying response to ECH, with h decreasing at r/a = 0.35 and increasing at r/a = 0.6 and 1. These variations were found to have a positive correlation with V T, evaluated at nearby locations, consistent with a del T-e drive. Comparison of the changes in high k fluctuation levels with linear gyrokinetic growth rates show qualitative agreement at the innermost location, r/a = 0.35 and disagreement at r/a = 0.6. C1 [Rhodes, T. L.; Peebles, W. A.; Doyle, E. J.; Wang, G.; Zeng, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Deboo, J. C.; Prater, R.; Kinsey, J. E.; Staebler, G. M.; Candy, J.; Burrell, K. H.; deGrassie, J. S.; Gohil, P.; Greenfield, C. M.; Groebner, R. J.; Lohr, J.; Petty, C. C.; St John, H. E.; Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Austin, M. E.; Bravenec, R. V.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Rhodes, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B183 EP B193 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S17 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900019 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, D. D. TI Using plasma physics to weigh the photon SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID CLUSTER MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE PHYSICS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASS; GALAXY AB The currently accepted value for the upper bound for the photon mass, m(ph), is 22 orders of magnitude less than the electron mass. As the mass m(ph) is so incredibly small, it has essentially no effect on atomic and nuclear physics; and it is very difficult to improve this estimate by laboratory experiments. However, even a very small mass may have a significant effect on astrophysical phenomena occurring on a scale exceeding the photon Compton length lambda (where lambda > 3 Mkm for the currently accepted mass). A set of magnetohydrodynamic equations (assuming a finite photon mass) are used to analyze properties of the solar wind at Pluto's orbit. This yields an improved (reduced) by a factor of 70 estimate of the photon mass. Possible opportunities and challenges for the further reduction of the upper limit for mph based on the properties of largerscale astrophysical objects are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llni.gov NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B429 EP B438 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S40 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900042 ER PT J AU Solomon, WM Burrell, KH deGrassie, JS Budny, R Groebner, RJ Kinsey, JE Kramer, GJ Luce, TC Makowski, MA Mikkelsen, D Nazikian, R Petty, CC Politzer, PA Scott, SD Van Zeeland, MA Zarnstorff, MC AF Solomon, W. M. Burrell, K. H. deGrassie, J. S. Budny, R. Groebner, R. J. Kinsey, J. E. Kramer, G. J. Luce, T. C. Makowski, M. A. Mikkelsen, D. Nazikian, R. Petty, C. C. Politzer, P. A. Scott, S. D. Van Zeeland, M. A. Zarnstorff, M. C. TI Momentum confinement at low torque SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRAL-BEAM INJECTION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; COUPLED-DEVICE DETECTORS; C-MOD PLASMAS; TOROIDAL ROTATION; TRANSPORT; STABILIZATION; DISCHARGES; VELOCITY AB Momentum confinement was investigated on DIII-D as a function of applied neutral beam torque at constant normalized beta beta(N), by varying the mix of co (parallel to the plasma current) and counter neutral beams. Under balanced neutral beam injection (i.e. zero total torque to the plasma), the plasma maintains a significant rotation in the co-direction. This 'intrinsic' rotation can be modeled as being due to an offset in the applied torque (i.e. an 'anomalous torque'). This anomalous torque appears to have a magnitude comparable to one co neutral beam source. The presence of such an anomalous torque source must be taken into account to obtain meaningful quantities describing momentum transport, such as the global momentum confinement time and local diffusivities. Studies of the mechanical angular momentum in ELMing H-mode plasmas with elevated q(min) show that the momentum confinement time improves as the torque is reduced. In hybrid plasmas, the opposite effect is observed, namely that momentum confinement improves at high torque/rotation. GLF23 modeling suggests that the role of E x B shearing is quite different between the two plasmas, which may help to explain the different dependence of the momentum confinement on torque. C1 [Solomon, W. M.; Budny, R.; Kramer, G. J.; Mikkelsen, D.; Nazikian, R.; Scott, S. D.; Zarnstorff, M. C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Burrell, K. H.; deGrassie, J. S.; Groebner, R. J.; Kinsey, J. E.; Luce, T. C.; Petty, C. C.; Politzer, P. A.; Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Solomon, WM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wsolonion@pppi.gov OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B313 EP B324 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S29 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900031 ER PT J AU Tala, T Crombe, K de Vries, PC Ferreira, J Mantica, P Peeters, AG Andrew, Y Budny, R Corrigan, G Eriksson, A Garbet, X Giroud, C Hua, MD Nordman, H Naulin, V Nave, MFF Paraij, V Rantamaeki, K Scott, BD Strand, P Tardini, G Thyagaraja, A Weiland, J Zastrow, KD AF Tala, T. Crombe, K. de Vries, P. C. Ferreira, J. Mantica, P. Peeters, A. G. Andrew, Y. Budny, R. Corrigan, G. Eriksson, A. Garbet, X. Giroud, C. Hua, M-D Nordman, H. Naulin, V. Nave, M. F. F. Paraij, V. Rantamaeki, K. Scott, B. D. Strand, P. Tardini, G. Thyagaraja, A. Weiland, J. Zastrow, K-D CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Toroidal and poloidal momentum transport studies in tokamaks SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Palace Culture & Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfusion, Assoc EURATOM-IPPLM HO Palace Culture & Sci ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT MODE; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; DIII-D; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; TFTR TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; ROTATION; PLASMAS; SHEAR; JET AB The present status of understanding of toroidal and poloidal momentum transport in tokamaks is presented in this paper. Similar energy confinement and momentum confinement times, i.e. tau(E)/tau(phi)approximate to 1 have been reported on several tokamaks. It is more important though, to study the local transport both in the core and edge plasma separately as, for example, in the core plasma, a large scatter in the ratio of the local effective momentum diffusivity to the ion heat diffusivity chi(phi eff)/chi(i.eff) among different tokamaks can be found. For example, the value of effective Prandtl number is typically around chi(phi eff)/chi(i.eff)approximate to 0.2 on JET while still tau(E)/tau(phi)approximate to 1 holds. Perturbative NBI modulation experiments on JET have shown, however, that a Prandtl number chi(phi)/chi(i) of around 1 is valid if there is an additional, significant inward momentum pinch which is required to explain the amplitude and phase behaviour of the momentum perturbation. The experimental results, i.e. the high Prandtl number and pinch, are in good qualitative and to some extent also in quantitative agreement with linear gyro-kinetic simulations. In contrast to the toroidal momentum transport which is clearly anomalous, the poloidal velocity is usually believed to be neo-classical. However, experimental measurements on JET show that the carbon poloidal velocity can be an order of magnitude above the predicted value by the neo-classical theory within the ITB. These large measured poloidal velocities, employed for example in transport simulations, significantly affect the calculated radial electric field and therefore the E x B flow shear and hence modify and can significantly improve the simulation predictions. Several fluid turbulence codes have been used to identify the mechanism driving the poloidal velocity to such high values. CUTIE and TRB turbulence codes and also the Weiland model predict the existence of an anomalous poloidal velocity, peaking in the vicinity of the ITB and driven dominantly by the flow due to the Reynold's stress. It is worth noting that these codes and models treat the equilibrium in a simplified way and this affects the geodesic curvature effects and geodesic acoustic modes. The neo-classical equilibrium is calculated more accurately in the GEM code and the simulations suggest that the spin-up of poloidal velocity is a consequence of the plasma profiles steepening when the ITB grows, following in particular the growth of the toroidal velocity within the ITB. C1 [Tala, T.; Rantamaeki, K.] Assoc Euratom Tekes, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. [Crombe, K.] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, Ghent, Belgium. [de Vries, P. C.; Andrew, Y.; Corrigan, G.; Giroud, C.; Hua, M-D; Paraij, V.; Thyagaraja, A.; Zastrow, K-D] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Ferreira, J.; Nave, M. F. F.] EURATOM, IST, Ctr Fus Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Mantica, P.] EURATOM, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. [Peeters, A. G.] Univ Warwick, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Budny, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Eriksson, A.; Nordman, H.; Strand, P.; Weiland, J.] Chalmers, Assoc EURATOM VR, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Garbet, X.] Assoc EURATOM CEA, CEA, DSM, DRFC Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Naulin, V.] Tech Univ Denmark, Assoc Euratom Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Scott, B. D.; Tardini, G.] EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Tala, T (reprint author), Assoc Euratom Tekes, POB 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. EM tuomas.tala@vtt.fi RI Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; Naulin , Volker/A-2419-2012; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; OI Naulin , Volker/0000-0001-5452-9215; Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Ferreira, Jorge/0000-0001-5015-7207 NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12B BP B291 EP B302 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S27 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 256QY UT WOS:000252745900029 ER PT J AU Wu, YL Jiang, Y Kaiser, D Alber, M AF Wu, Yilin Jiang, Yi Kaiser, Dale Alber, Mark TI Social interactions in myxobacterial swarming SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX FIBRILS; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS CELLS; IV PILI; GLIDING MOTILITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MOVEMENT; RETRACTION; PROTEINS; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS AB Swarming, a collective motion of many thousands of cells, produces colonies that rapidly spread over surfaces. In this paper, we introduce a cell-based model to study how interactions between neighboring cells facilitate swarming. We chose to study Myxococcus xanthus, a species of myxobacteria, because it swarms rapidly and has well-defined cell-cell interactions mediated by type IV pili and by slime trails. The aim of this paper is to test whether the cell contact interactions, which are inherent in pili-based S motility and slime-based A motility, are sufficient to explain the observed expansion of wild-type swarms. The simulations yield a constant rate of swarm expansion, which has been observed experimentally. Also, the model is able to quantify the contributions of S motility and A motility to swarming. Some pathogenic bacteria spread over infected tissue by swarming. The model described here may shed some light on their colonization process. C1 [Wu, Yilin; Alber, Mark] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wu, Yilin; Alber, Mark] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Study Biocomplex, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jiang, Yi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kaiser, Dale] Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alber, Mark] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Alber, M (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM malber@nd.edu RI Wu, Yilin/D-3696-2011; Wu, Yilin/C-3526-2013; OI Wu, Yilin/0000-0002-0392-2137 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM023441, R37 GM023441] NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2546 EP 2558 AR e253 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030253 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 254CP UT WOS:000252564300013 PM 18166072 ER PT J AU Kettler, GC Martiny, AC Huang, K Zucker, J Coleman, ML Rodrigue, S Chen, F Lapidus, A Ferriera, S Johnson, J Steglich, C Church, GM Richardson, P Chisholm, SW AF Kettler, Gregory C. Martiny, Adam C. Huang, Katherine Zucker, Jeremy Coleman, Maureen L. Rodrigue, Sebastien Chen, Feng Lapidus, Alla Ferriera, Steven Johnson, Justin Steglich, Claudia Church, George M. Richardson, Paul Chisholm, Sallie W. TI Patterns and implications of gene gain and loss in the evolution of Prochlorococcus SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM PROCHLOROCOCCUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; NITRATE REDUCTASE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ECOTYPES; LIGHT; SYNECHOCOCCUS; IDENTIFICATION; ADAPTATION AB Prochlorococcus is a marine cyanobacterium that numerically dominates the mid-latitude oceans and is the smallest known oxygenic phototroph. Numerous isolates from diverse areas of the world's oceans have been studied and shown to be physiologically and genetically distinct. All isolates described thus far can be assigned to either a tightly clustered high-light (HL)-adapted clade, or a more divergent low-light (LL)-adapted group. The 16S rRNA sequences of the entire Prochlorococcus group differ by at most 3%, and the four initially published genomes revealed patterns of genetic differentiation that help explain physiological differences among the isolates. Here we describe the genomes of eight newly sequenced isolates and combine them with the first four genomes for a comprehensive analysis of the core (shared by all isolates) and flexible genes of the Prochlorococcus group, and the patterns of loss and gain of the flexible genes over the course of evolution. There are 1,273 genes that represent the core shared by all 12 genomes. They are apparently sufficient, according to metabolic reconstruction, to encode a functional cell. We describe a phylogeny for all 12 isolates by subjecting their complete proteomes to three different phylogenetic analyses. For each non-core gene, we used a maximum parsimony method to estimate which ancestor likely first acquired or lost each gene. Many of the genetic differences among isolates, especially for genes involved in outer membrane synthesis and nutrient transport, are found within the same clade. Nevertheless, we identified some genes defining HL and LL ecotypes, and clades within these broad ecotypes, helping to demonstrate the basis of HL and LL adaptations in Prochlorococcus. Furthermore, our estimates of gene gain events allow us to identify highly variable genomic islands that are not apparent through simple pairwise comparisons. These results emphasize the functional roles, especially those connected to outer membrane synthesis and transport that dominate the flexible genome and set it apart from the core. Besides identifying islands and demonstrating their role throughout the history of Prochlorococcus, reconstruction of past gene gains and losses shows that much of the variability exists at the "leaves of the tree,'' between the most closely related strains. Finally, the identification of core and flexible genes from this 12-genome comparison is largely consistent with the relative frequency of Prochlorococcus genes found in global ocean metagenomic databases, further closing the gap between our understanding of these organisms in the lab and the wild. C1 [Kettler, Gregory C.; Chisholm, Sallie W.] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kettler, Gregory C.; Martiny, Adam C.; Huang, Katherine; Coleman, Maureen L.; Rodrigue, Sebastien; Chisholm, Sallie W.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huang, Katherine; Church, George M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Chen, Feng; Lapidus, Alla; Richardson, Paul] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Ferriera, Steven] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Steglich, Claudia] Univ Freiburg, Dept Biol Expt Bioinformat 2, Freiburg, Germany. RP Chisholm, SW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chisholm@mit.edu RI Zucker, Jeremy/M-3643-2016; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Zucker, Jeremy/0000-0002-7276-9009; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 NR 72 TC 267 Z9 2646 U1 9 U2 109 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2515 EP 2528 AR e231 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030231 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 264VF UT WOS:000253317800016 PM 18159947 ER PT J AU Chinn, SC Cook-Tendulkar, A Maxwell, R Wheeler, H Wilson, M Xie, ZH AF Chinn, Sarah C. Cook-Tendulkar, Angela Maxwell, Robert Wheeler, Hilary Wilson, Mark Xie, Z. Harry TI Qualification of automated low-field NMR relaxometry for quality control of polymers in a production setting SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE NMR; polymer testing; quality control; PDMS; TD-NMR; cross-link ID INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EX-SITU NMR; FILLED SILICONE ELASTOMER; PDMS COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; CROSS-LINK DENSITY; MOBILE NMR; RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; MOUSE AB Implementation of a low-field time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanner as a diagnostic tool in the production of new polymer components is described in the context of qualification of a new QA/QC device. A study to determine the optimal experimental parameters was performed and a robotic autosampler was built to enable scanning of multiple pads. Relationships between T-2 values and physical properties of DC745 slabs were investigated, and the appropriate sampling parameters for the production setting were determined. Two versions of a robotic antosampler were built and, for the component described here, a fourth radial axis was required in addition to traditional X, Y, and Z movement to eliminate the large variability in T-2 due to inconsistent sample coverage caused by the complex rib geometry of the component. Data show that with appropriate choice of experimental conditions of the NMR detector and the detection geometry of the robotic autosampler, sufficient resolution of variations in cross-link density on the millimeter scale could be determined. All data to date demonstrate that low-field NMR devices are a feasible tool for use in production settings for non-destructive quality control of polymer components. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chinn, Sarah C.; Cook-Tendulkar, Angela; Maxwell, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wheeler, Hilary; Wilson, Mark] Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. [Xie, Z. Harry] Bruker Opt Minispec Div, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. RP Chinn, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chinn7@llnl.gov RI Chinn, Sarah/E-1195-2011 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1015 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.07.005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 242UV UT WOS:000251752600005 ER PT J AU Contarato, D Bussat, JM Denes, P Greiner, L Kim, T Stezelberger, T Wieman, H Battaglia, M Hooberman, B Tompkins, L AF Contarato, D. Bussat, J-M Denes, P. Greiner, L. Kim, T. Stezelberger, T. Wieman, H. Battaglia, M. Hooberman, B. Tompkins, L. TI CMOS monolithic pixel sensors research and development at LBNL SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06) CY MAR 09-13, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP World Wide Study Future Linear Colliders DE silicon pixel detectors; CMOS; monolithic pixel sensors AB This paper summarizes the recent progress in the design and characterization of CMOS pixel sensors at LBNL. Results of lab tests, beam tests and radiation hardness tests carried out at LBNL on a test structure with pixels of various sizes are reported. The first results of the characterization of back-thinned CMOS pixel sensors are also reported, and future plans and activities are discussed. C1 [Contarato, D.; Bussat, J-M; Denes, P.; Greiner, L.; Kim, T.; Stezelberger, T.; Wieman, H.; Battaglia, M.; Hooberman, B.] Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, M.; Hooberman, B.; Tompkins, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Contarato, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dcontarato@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 963 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s12043-007-0213-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PN UT WOS:000252312600004 ER PT J AU Sopczak, A Finch, A Freitas, A Milstene, C Schmitt, M AF Sopczak, A. Finch, A. Freitas, A. Milstene, C. Schmitt, M. TI Small,visible energy scalar top iterative discriminant analysis SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06) CY MAR 09-13, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP World Wide Study Future Linear Colliders DE supersymmetry; scalar top quarks; CCD detector; vertex detector; linear collider flavour identification; linear collider AB Light scalar top quarks with a small mass difference with respect to the neutralino mass are of particular cosmological interest. This study uses an iterative discriminant analysis method to optimize the expected selection efficiency at the international linear collider (ILC). C1 [Sopczak, A.; Finch, A.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Freitas, A.] Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Milstene, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Schmitt, M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Sopczak, A (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. EM andre.sopczak@cern.ch NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 995 EP 999 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PN UT WOS:000252312600009 ER PT J AU Brau, JE Frey, RE Strom, D Breidenbach, M Freytag, D Graf, N Haller, G Herbst, R Jaros, J Nelsen, T Radeka, V Holbook, B Lander, R Tripathi, M Karyotakiss, Y AF Brau, J. E. Frey, R. E. Strom, D. Breidenbach, M. Freytag, D. Graf, N. Haller, G. Herbst, R. Jaros, J. Nelsen, T. Radeka, V. Holbook, B. Lander, R. Tripathi, M. Karyotakiss, Y. TI An electromagnetic calorimeter for the silicon detector concept SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06) CY MAR 09-13, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP World Wide Study Future Linear Colliders DE calorimetry; international linear collider; linear collider; high energy physics AB A silicon-tungsten calorimeter for silicon detector (SiD) at the International Linear Collider is under development. Recent progress is summarized. C1 [Brau, J. E.; Frey, R. E.; Strom, D.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Breidenbach, M.; Freytag, D.; Graf, N.; Haller, G.; Herbst, R.; Jaros, J.; Nelsen, T.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Radeka, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Holbook, B.; Lander, R.; Tripathi, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Karyotakiss, Y.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Brau, JE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM jimbrau@faraday.uoregon.edu RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s12043-007-0222-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PN UT WOS:000252312600013 ER PT J AU Delerue, N Dixit, S Gannaway, F Howell, D Qurshi, M Blair, G Boogert, S Boorman, G Driouichi, C Deacon, L Aryshev, A Karataev, P Terunuma, N Urakawa, J Brachmann, A Frisch, J Ross, M AF Delerue, Nicolas Dixit, Sudhir Gannaway, Fred Howell, David Qurshi, Myriam Blair, Grahame Boogert, Stewart Boorman, Gary Driouichi, Chafik Deacon, Lawrence Aryshev, Alexander Karataev, Pavel Terunuma, Nobuhiro Urakawa, Junji Brachmann, Axel Frisch, Joe Ross, Marc TI A laser-wire system for the International Linear Collider SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06) CY MAR 09-13, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP World Wide Study Future Linear Colliders DE laser-wire; accelerator test facility; laser; optical system; Compton; beam emittance; MOPA; fiber laser ID BEAM PROFILE MONITOR AB A new laser-wire has been installed in the extraction line of the ATF at KEK. It aims at demonstrating that laser-wires can be used to measure micrometre scale beam size. In parallel, studies have been made to specify a laser suitable for the ILC laser-wires. C1 [Delerue, Nicolas; Dixit, Sudhir; Gannaway, Fred; Howell, David; Qurshi, Myriam] Univ Oxford, John Adams Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Blair, Grahame; Boogert, Stewart; Boorman, Gary; Driouichi, Chafik; Deacon, Lawrence] Univ London, John Adams Inst Royal Holloway, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Aryshev, Alexander; Karataev, Pavel; Terunuma, Nobuhiro; Urakawa, Junji] KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. [Brachmann, Axel; Frisch, Joe; Ross, Marc] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Delerue, N (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Adams Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. EM s.dixit1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Karataev, Pavel/O-5440-2015; urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Aryshev, Alexander/J-4054-2016 OI Karataev, Pavel/0000-0002-1961-3793; Aryshev, Alexander/0000-0002-0890-4640 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1150 DI 10.1007/s12043-007-0245-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PN UT WOS:000252312600036 ER PT J AU Foley, T Pacheco, A Malchi, J Yetter, R Higa, K AF Foley, Timothy Pacheco, Adam Malchi, Jonathan Yetter, Richard Higa, Kelvin TI Development of nanothermite composites with variable electrostatic discharge ignition thresholds SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE discharge; electrostatic; nanoenergetics AB A brief description of an apparatus for testing the electrostatic discharge ignition threshold for sensitive materials is presented. This apparatus was used to demonstrate how fluorocarbons could alter the propensity of a nanothermite to ignite. In addition to these findings, the effect of the fluorocarbon on the pressure output of the material is reported. C1 [Foley, Timothy; Pacheco, Adam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Malchi, Jonathan; Yetter, Richard] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Higa, Kelvin] USN, China Lake, CA USA. RP Foley, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tfoley@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1002/prep.200700273 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 253RS UT WOS:000252535900001 ER PT J AU Hsu, P Souers, PC Chidester, S Alvarez, J De Haven, M Garza, R Harwood, P Maienschein, J AF Hsu, Peter Souers, P. Clark Chidester, Steve Alvarez, John De Haven, Martin Garza, Raul Harwood, Pat Maienschein, Jon TI Detonation measurements on damaged LX-04 SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE cylinder test; detonation velocity; detonation energy; edge lag; HMX; LX-04; thermal damage ID CYLINDER TEST AB We have applied thermal insults on LX-04 at 185 degrees C and found that the material expanded significantly, resulting in a bulk density reduction of 12%. Subsequent detonation experiments (three cylinder tests) were conducted on the thermally damaged LX-04 samples and pristine low-density LX-04 samples and the results showed that the fractions reacted were close to 1.0. The thermally damaged LX-04 and pristine low-density LX-04 showed detonation velocities of 7.7-7.8 mm mu s(-1), significantly lower than that (8.5 mm mu s(-1)) of pristine high-density LX-04. Detonation energy densities for the damaged LX-04, low-density pristine LX-04, and hot cylinder shot of LX-04 were 6.48, 6.62, and 6.58 U cm(-3), respectively, lower than the detonation energy density of 8.11 U cm(-3) for the high density pristine LX-04. The break-out curves for the detonation fronts showed that the damaged LX-04 had longer edge lags than the high density pristine LX-04, indicating that the damaged explosive is less ideal. C1 [Hsu, Peter; Souers, P. Clark; Chidester, Steve; Alvarez, John; De Haven, Martin; Garza, Raul; Harwood, Pat; Maienschein, Jon] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsu, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsu7@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1002/prep.200700206 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 253RS UT WOS:000252535900011 ER PT J AU Hammel, M Nemecek, D Keightley, JA Thomas, GJ Geisbrecht, BV AF Hammel, Michal Nemecek, Daniel Keightley, J. Andrew Thomas, George J., Jr. Geisbrecht, Brian V. TI The Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein (Eap) adopts an elongated but structured conformation in solution SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein stucture/folding; molecular mechanics; correlation of structure and spectra; structure ID RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIOPHAGE P22; BINDING PROTEIN; STRAIN NEWMAN; HOST-DEFENSE; DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; FIBRINOGEN AB The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus participates in a wide range of protein-protein interactions that facilitate the initiation and dissemination of Staphylococcal disease. In this report, we describe the use of a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the solution structure of full-length Eap. In contrast to previous reports suggesting that a six-domain isoform of Eap undergoes multimerization, sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation data revealed that a four-domain isoform of Eap is a monomer in solution. In vitro proteolysis and solution small angle X-ray scattering studies both indicate that Eap adopts an extended conformation in solution, where the linkers connecting sequential EAP modules are solvent exposed. Construction of a low-resolution model of full-length Eap using a combination of ab initio deconvolution of the SAXS data and rigid body modeling of the EAP domain crystal structure suggests that full-length Eap may present several unique concave surfaces capable of participating in ligand binding. These results also raise the possibility that such surfaces may be held together by additional interactions between adjacent EAP modules. This hypothesis is supported by a comparative Raman spectroscopic analysis of full-length Eap and a stoichiometric solution of the individual EAP modules, which indicates the presence of additional secondary structure and a greater extent of hydrogen/deuterium exchange protection in full-length Eap. Our results provide the first insight into the solution structure of full-length Eap and an experimental basis for interpreting the EAP domain crystal structures within the context of the full-length molecule. They also lay a foundation for future studies into the structural and molecular bases of Eap-mediated protein-protein interactions with its many ligands. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Mol Biol & Biochem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geisbrecht, BV (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM GeisbrechtB@umkc.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50776, R01 GM050776] NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2605 EP 2617 DI 10.1110/ps.073170807 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 233HK UT WOS:000251081300004 PM 18029416 ER PT J AU Schulz, R Zhang, YB Liu, CJ Freimuth, P AF Schulz, Ryan Zhang, Yian-Biao Liu, Chang-Jun Freimuth, Paul TI Thiamine diphosphate binds to intermediates in the assembly of adenovirus fiber knob trimers in Escherichia coli SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oligomeric proteins; assembly; chemical chaperone; subunit interface; adenovirus fiber knob; thiamine diphosphate ID ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; TRIMERIZATION; RECEPTOR; TYPE-2; HEXON AB Assembly of the adenovirus (Ad) homotrimeric fiber protein is nucleated by its C-terminal knob domain, which itself can trimerize when expressed as a recombinant protein fragment. The non-interlocked, globular structure of subunits in the knob trimer implies that trimers assemble from prefolded monomers through a dimer intermediate, but these intermediates have not been observed and the mechanism of assembly therefore remains uncharacterized. Here we report that expression of the Ad serotype 2 (Ad2) knob was toxic for thi- strains of Escherichia coli, which are defective in de novo synthesis of thiamine (vitamin B1). Ad2 knob trimers isolated from a thi+ strain copurified through multiple chromatography steps with a small molecule of mass equivalent to that of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Mutant analysis did not implicate any specific site for ThDP binding. Our results suggest that ThDP may associate with assembly intermediates and become trapped in assembled trimers, possibly within one of several large cavities that are partially solvent-accessible or buried completely within the trimer interior. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Enzo Life Sci Inc, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. RP Freimuth, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM freimuth@bnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036251, AI36251] NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2684 EP 2693 DI 10.1110/ps.072805007 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 233HK UT WOS:000251081300012 PM 17965194 ER PT J AU Moulaei, T Botos, I Ziolkowska, NE Bokesch, HR Krumpe, LR Mckee, TC O'Keefe, BR Dauter, Z Wlodawer, A AF Moulaei, Tinoush Botos, Istvan Ziolkowska, Natasza E. Bokesch, Heidi R. Krumpe, Lauren R. Mckee, Tawnya C. O'Keefe, Barry R. Dauter, Zbigniew Wlodawer, Alexander TI Atomic-resolution crystal structure of the antiviral lectin scytovirin SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lectins; new fold; anomalous scattering; scytovirin ID CYANOBACTERIUM SCYTONEMA-VARIUM; ANTI-HIV PROTEIN; POTENT; REFINEMENT AB The crystal structures of the natural and recombinant antiviral lectin scytovirin (SVN) were solved by single-wavelength anomalous scattering and refined with data extending to 1.3 angstrom and 1.0 angstrom resolution, respectively. A molecule of SVN consists of a single chain 95 amino acids long, with an almost perfect sequence repeat that creates two very similar domains (RMS deviation 0.25 angstrom for 40 pairs of C alpha atoms). The crystal structure differs significantly from a previously published NMR structure of the same protein, with the RMS deviations calculated separately for the N- and C-terminal domains of 5.3 angstrom and 3.7 angstrom, respectively, and a very different relationship between the two domains. In addition, the disulfide bonding pattern of the crystal structures differs from that described in the previously published mass spectrometry and NMR studies. C1 NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Prot Struct Sect, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Mol Targets Dev Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wlodawer, A (reprint author), NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM wlodawer@ncifcrf.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01CO12400, N01-CO-12400] NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2756 EP 2760 DI 10.1110/ps.073157507 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 233HK UT WOS:000251081300021 PM 17965185 ER PT J AU Baskin, JM Bertozzi, CR AF Baskin, Jeremy M. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Bioorthogonal click chemistry: Covalent labeling in living systems SO QSAR & COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE azide; biomolecule labeling; click chemistry; cyclooctyne; staudinger ligation ID AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS; ACTIVITY-BASED PROTEOMICS; NONCANONICAL AMINO-ACIDS; RNA SYNTHETASE-ACTIVITY; O-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; IN-VIVO INCORPORATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENETIC-CODE; STAUDINGER LIGATION AB The term "click chemistry" defines a powerful set of chemical reactions that are rapid, selective, and high-yielding. These reactions, some of which are less than 10 years old, have been applied in diverse areas, including drug discovery, materials science, and chemical biology. In chemical biology, click chemistry has been used in the selective labeling of biomolecules within living systems, allowing proteins, glycans, and other important biomolecules to be monitored in a physiologically relevant environment rather than in an in vitro setting. This demanding application requires not only the aforementioned characteristics of click chemistry but, additionally, that the reactions are bioorthogonal - that is, non-interacting with biological functionality while proceeding under physiological conditions - and that the reagents are non-toxic. Of the many extant click reactions, only a select few possess this unique combination of attributes, notably the Staudinger ligation of azides and triarylphosphines and [3+2] dipolar cycloadditions of azides with strained alkynes. This minireview describes the characteristics of bioorthogonal click reactions as well as recent applications toward labeling biomolecules in cells and living organisms. C1 [Baskin, Jeremy M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Baskin, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Baskin, Jeremy/0000-0003-2939-3138 NR 72 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 13 U2 145 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1611-020X J9 QSAR COMB SCI JI QSAR Comb. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11-12 BP 1211 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/qsar.200740086 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 243YA UT WOS:000251832000012 ER PT J AU Seong, YB Owen, LA Bishop, MP Bush, A Clendon, P Copland, L Finkel, R Kamp, U Shroder, JF AF Seong, Yeong Bae Owen, Lewis A. Bishop, Michael P. Bush, Andrew Clendon, Penny Copland, Luke Finkel, Robert Kamp, Ulrich Shroder, John F., Jr. TI Quaternary glacial history of the central karakoram SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; TERRESTRIAL COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; MOUNT EVEREST; FLUVIAL DEPOSITS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUNZA VALLEY; HIMALAYA; HOLOCENE AB The Quaternary glacial history of the world's highest mountains, the Central Karakoram, is examined for the first time using geomorphic, mapping of landforms and sediments, and Be-10 terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of boulders on the moraines and glacially eroded surfaces. Four glacial stages are defined: the Bunthang glacial stage (>0.7Ma),- the Skardu glacial stage (marine Oxygen Isotope Stage [MIS] 6 or older); the Mungo glacial stage (MIS 2); and the Askole glacial stage (Holocene). Glaciers advanced several times during each glacial stage. These advances are not well defined for the oldest glacial stages, but during the Mungo and Askole glacial stages glacial advances likely occurred at similar to 16, similar to 11-13, similar to 5 and similar to 0.8 ka. The extent of glaciation in this region became increasingly more restricted over time. In the Braldu and Shigar valleys, glaciers advanced > 150 kin during the Bunthang and Skardu glacial stages, while glaciers advanced >80km beyond their present positions during the Mungo glacial stage. In contrast, glaciers advanced a few kilometers from present ice margins during the Askole glacial stage. Glacier in this region likely respond in a complex fashion to the same forcing that causes changes in Northern Hemisphere oceans and ice sheets, teleconnected via the mid-latitude westerlies, and also to changes in monsoonal intensity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seong, Yeong Bae; Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bishop, Michael P.; Shroder, John F., Jr.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geog & Geol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Bush, Andrew] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Clendon, Penny] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geog, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Copland, Luke] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Finkel, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kamp, Ulrich] Univ Montana, Dept Geog, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Seong, YB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, POB 0013, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Lewis.Owen@uc.edu NR 73 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 25-28 BP 3384 EP 3405 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.09.015 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 256UT UT WOS:000252756100028 ER PT J AU Groesser, T Chun, E Rydberg, B AF Groesser, Torsten Chun, Eugene Rydberg, Bjorn TI Relative biological effectiveness of high-energy iron ions for micronucleus formation at low doses SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; HEAVY-IONS; CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN-CELLS; X-RAYS; INDUCTION; PARTICLES; APOPTOSIS; CANCER AB Dose-response curves for micronucleus (MN) formation were measured in Chinese hamster V79 and xrs6 (Ku80(-)) cells and in human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells in the dose range of 0.05-1 Gy. The Chinese hamster cells were exposed to 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions, 600 MeV/nucleon iron ions, and 300 MeV/nucleon iron ions (LETs of 151, 176 and 235 keV/mu m, respectively) as well as with 320 kVp X rays as reference. Second-order polynomials were fitted to the induction curves, and the initial slopes (the alpha values) were used to calculate RBE. For the repair-proficient V79 cells, the RBE at these low doses increased with LET. The values obtained were 3.1 +/- 0.8 (LET = 151 keV/mu m), 4.3 +/- 0.5 (LET = 176 keV/mu m), and 5.7 +/- 0.6 (LET = 235 keV/mu m), while the RBE was close to I for the repair-deficient xrs6 cells regardless of LET. For the MCF10A cells, the RBE was determined for 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions and was found to be 5.5 +/- 0.9, slightly higher than for V79 cells. To test the effect of shielding, the I GeV/nucleon iron-ion beam was intercepted by various thicknesses of high-density polyethylene plastic absorbers, which resulted in energy loss and fragmentation. It was found that the MN yield for V79 cells placed behind the absorbers decreased in proportion to the decrease in dose both before and after the iron-ion Bragg peak, indicating that RBE did not change significantly due to shielding except in the Bragg peak region. At the Bragg peak itself with an entrance dose of 0.5 Gy, where the LET is very high from stopping low-energy iron ions, the effectiveness for MN formation per unit dose was decreased compared to non-Bragg peak areas. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rydberg, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM berydberg@lbl.gov OI Groesser, Torsten/0000-0003-3143-1906 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 168 IS 6 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1667/RR0967.1 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 233MV UT WOS:000251095900004 PM 18088180 ER PT J AU Lambert, JC Lipscomb, JC AF Lambert, Jason C. Lipscomb, John C. TI Mode of action as a determining factor in additivity models for chemical mixture risk assessment SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mode of action; mechanism of action; key event; chemical mixture; human health risk assessment ID DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS AB It is inevitable that in a lifetime humans will be exposed to a diverse array of chemical mixtures through occupational, recreational, and/or domestic activities. These mixtures may be simple, consisting of two or more definable compounds, or may be more complex containing several hundred related congeners and/or unrelated compounds. Due to a paucity of mixtures toxicity data, the estimation of risk of adverse health effects associated with mixtures typically comes from empirical observations of single chemical exposures. Under existing policy, characterizing the relative contribution of each compound depends on identification of the target organ or tissue dose, mode of action, and duration of effect. Currently, there is no consensus on what constitutes a toxic mode or mechanism of action, nor is there a universally accepted framework to determine similarity or independence of mode of action for mixtures risk assessment. This lack of a comprehensive classification paradigm for mode or mechanism of toxic action continues to be a major rate-limiting step in the advancement of mixtures risk assessment. A potential unifying approach to characterizing mode of action involves critical evaluation of data at all levels of biological organization for identification of 'key events'. Development of a biologically plausible weight of evidence description of the key obligatory steps in mechanistic pathways may facilitate selection of the most appropriate component-based mixtures risk assessment approach. Hypothetical case studies are presented to demonstrate the quantitative impact of the choice of dose addition or response addition to estimate risk. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lambert, Jason C.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr A-110, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lipscomb.john@epa.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.07.002 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 241HJ UT WOS:000251647200005 PM 17804132 ER PT J AU Adams, BW AF Adams, B. W. TI Femtosecond synchronism of x-rays and visible/infrared light in an x-ray free-electron laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION UNDULATOR RADIATION; INFRARED SOURCE AB A way is proposed to obtain ultrashort pulses of intense infrared/visible light in few-femtosecond synchronism with x-rays from an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). It makes use of the recently proposed emittance-slicing technique [Emma , Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 074801 (2004)] to both restrict the duration of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to a few femtoseconds and to lead to a coherence enhancement of near-infrared transition undulator radiation (CTUR). The x-rays and the near-infrared light originate within the XFEL undulator from the same slice of electrons within a bunch and are therefore perfectly synchronized with each other. An example of realizing the scheme at the Linac Coherent Light Source is presented. A few side issues are explored briefly, such as the magnitude of the velocity term versus the acceleration term in the Lienard-Wiechert fields and the possible use of the CTUR as a diagnostic tool for the SASE process itself. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM adams@aps.anl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123302 DI 10.1063/1.2805114 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300014 PM 18163725 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Wang, ZH Wendelken, JF Weitering, HH Li, WZ Li, AP AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Wang, Zhouhang Wendelken, John F. Weitering, Hanno H. Li, Wenzhi Li, An-Ping TI A cryogenic Quadraprobe scanning tunneling microscope system with fabrication capability for nanotransport research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION AB We describe the development and the capabilities of an advanced system for nanoscale electrical transport studies. This system consists of a low temperature four-probe scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and a high-resolution scanning electron microscope coupled to a molecular-beam epitaxy sample preparation chamber. The four STM probes can be manipulated independently with subnanometer precision, enabling atomic resolution STM imaging and four-point electrical transport study of surface electronic systems and nanostructured materials at temperatures down to 10 K. Additionally, an integrated energy analyzer allows for scanning Auger microscopy to probe chemical species of nanostructures. Some testing results are presented. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Wendelken, John F.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Zhouhang] RHK Technol Inc, Troy, MI 48083 USA. [Weitering, Hanno H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Wenzhi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM apli@ornl.gov RI Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012; Li, Wenzhi/J-6797-2016 OI Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493; Li, Wenzhi/0000-0001-8442-2232 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123701 DI 10.1063/1.2821610 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300020 PM 18163731 ER PT J AU Mathur, MP Spenik, JL Condon, CM Monazam, ER Fincham, WL AF Mathur, M. P. Spenik, J. L. Condon, C. M. Monazam, E. R. Fincham, W. L. TI A probe for in situ, remote, detection of defects in buried plastic natural gas pipelines SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Several techniques are available to determine the integrity of in situ metal pipeline but very little is available in the literature to determine the integrity of plastic pipelines. Since the decade of the 1970s much of the newly installed gas distribution and transmission lines in the United States are fabricated from polyethylene or other plastic. A probe has been developed to determine the in situ integrity of plastic natural gas pipelines that can be installed on a traversing mechanism (pig) to detect abnormalities in the walls of the plastic natural gas pipeline from the interior. This probe has its own internal power source and can be deployed into existing natural gas supply lines. Utilizing the capacitance parameter, the probe inspects the pipe for flaws and records the data internally which can be retrieved later for analysis. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Spenik, J. L.; Condon, C. M.; Monazam, E. R.] REM Engn Serv PLLC, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Mathur, M. P.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Fincham, W. L.] Parsons, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Spenik, JL (reprint author), REM Engn Serv PLLC, 3537 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM spenik@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125105 DI 10.1063/1.2821238 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300036 PM 18163747 ER PT J AU Tang, V Meyer, G Morse, J Schmid, G Spadaccini, C Kerr, P Rusnak, B Sampayan, S Naranjo, B Putterman, S AF Tang, V. Meyer, G. Morse, J. Schmid, G. Spadaccini, C. Kerr, P. Rusnak, B. Sampayan, S. Naranjo, B. Putterman, S. TI Neutron production from feedback controlled thermal cycling of a pyroelectric crystal SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The LLNL Crystal Driven Neutron Source is operational and has produced record ion currents of similar to 10 nA and neutron output of 1.9(+/-0.3)x10(5) per thermal cycle using a crystal heating rate of 0.2 degrees C/s from 10 to 110 degrees C. A 3 cm diameter by 1 cm thick LiTaO(3) crystal with a socket secured field emitter tip is thermally cycled with feedback control for ionization and acceleration of deuterons onto a deuterated target to produce D-D fusion neutrons. The entire crystal and temperature system is mounted on a bellows which allows movement of the crystal along the beam axis and is completely contained on a single small vacuum flange. The modular crystal assembly permitted experimental flexibility. Operationally, flashover breakdowns along the side of the crystal and poor emitter tip characteristics can limit the neutron source. The experimental neutron results extend earlier published work by increasing the ion current and pulse length significantly to achieve a factor-of-two higher neutron output per thermal cycle. These findings are reviewed along with details of the instrument. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tang, V.; Meyer, G.; Morse, J.; Schmid, G.; Spadaccini, C.; Kerr, P.; Rusnak, B.; Sampayan, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Naranjo, B.; Putterman, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Tang, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123504 DI 10.1063/1.2823973 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300018 PM 18163729 ER PT J AU Tonyushkin, AA Light, AD Di Rosa, MD AF Tonyushkin, Alexei A. Light, Adam D. Di Rosa, Michael D. TI Phase-locked scanning interferometer for frequency stabilization of multiple lasers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER CAVITY; DYE-LASER; DRIFT; RESONATOR AB We report a simple scheme for stabilizing and tuning the length of a conventional piezo-driven optical cavity against the resonant transmission of a master laser. In contrast with other schemes, we drive the piezo at its mechanical resonance of 5 kHz over an amplitude equivalent to one free spectral range and use a feedback circuit that incorporates phase-sensitive detection of the master-laser transmission. The bandwidth of our cavity-lock circuit is limited only by the resonance frequency of the cavity piezo and is 1.4 kHz. The stabilized mean cavity length reaches in 30 s a minimum Allan deviation of similar to 10 kHz (a length stability of 20 parts per trillion) equaling that of the polarization-stabilized He-Ne we use as our master laser. Here, we investigate the mechanical characteristics of the cavity, describe the lock circuit and its measured performance, and provide simple analytical relations between the phase-sensitive signal and cavity displacement. Our setup economizes the cost and amount of equipment necessary for stabilizing multiple continuous-wave lasers operating at different wavelengths. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tonyushkin, Alexei A.; Light, Adam D.; Di Rosa, Michael D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonyushkin, AA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mdd@lanl.gov RI Tonyushkin, Alexey/A-4150-2008 OI Tonyushkin, Alexey/0000-0002-0531-715X NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123103 DI 10.1063/1.2818773 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300005 PM 18163716 ER PT J AU Williams, TC Shaddix, CR AF Williams, Timothy C. Shaddix, Christopher R. TI Simultaneous correction of flat field and nonlinearity response of intensified charge-coupled devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT AB Intensified charge-coupled devices (ICCDs) are used extensively in many scientific and engineering environments to image weak or temporally short optical events. Care has to be taken in interpreting the images from ICCDs if quantitative results are required. In particular, nonuniform gain (flat field) and nonlinear response effects must be properly accounted for. Traditional flat-field corrections can only be applied in the linear regime of the ICCD camera, which limits the usable dynamic range. This paper reports a more general approach to image correction whereby the nonlinear gain response of each pixel of the ICCD is characterized over the full dynamic range of the camera. Image data can then be corrected for the combined effects of nonuniform gain and nonlinearity. The results from a two-color pyrometry measurement of soot field temperature are used to illustrate the capabilities of the new correction approach. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Williams, Timothy C.; Shaddix, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williams, TC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123702 DI 10.1063/1.2821616 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 246DS UT WOS:000251988300021 PM 18163732 ER PT J AU Draayer, JP Dytrych, T Sviratcheva, KD Bahri, C Vary, JP AF Draayer, J. P. Dytrych, T. Sviratcheva, K. D. Bahri, C. Vary, J. P. TI Symplectic symmetry and the ab initio no-core shell model SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE No-core shell model; symplectic symmetry; collective levels AB The symplectic symmetry of eigenstates for the 0(gs)(+) in O-16 and the 0(gs)(+) and lowest 2(+) and 4(+) configurations of C-12 that are well-converged within the framework of the no-core shell model with the JISP16 realistic interaction is examined. These states are found to project at the 85 - 90% level onto very few symplectic representations including the most deformed configuration, which confirms the importance of a symplectic no-core shell model and reaffirms the relevance of the Elliott SU(3) model upon which the symplectic scheme is built. C1 [Draayer, J. P.; Dytrych, T.; Sviratcheva, K. D.; Bahri, C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Vary, J. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vary, J. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vary, J. P.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Draayer, JP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU US National Science Foundation [0140300, 0500291]; Southeastern Universities Research Association; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-FG02-87ER40371]; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors would like to thank Bruce Barrett and Andrey Shirokov for useful discussions. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation, Grant Nos 0140300 & 0500291, and the Southeastern Universities Research Association, as well as, in part, by the US Department of Energy Grant Nos. DE-AC02-76SF00515 and DE-FG02-87ER40371 and at the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. TD acknowledges supplemental support from the Graduate School of Louisiana State University. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38QN UT WOS:000209358000005 ER PT J AU Galindo-Uribarri, A Urrego-Blanco, JP AF Galindo-Uribarri, A. Urrego-Blanco, J. P. TI Spin observables in reactions with radioactive ion beams SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Radioactive ion beams; dynamic nuclear polarization AB Polarization observables in nuclear reactions with exotic nuclei will provide important information concerning structural properties of nuclei and reaction mechanisms. We are currently engaged in exploring the use of polarization observables with radioactive ion beams and in the development of a polarized proton cryogenic target. C1 [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Urrego-Blanco, J. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Urrego-Blanco, J. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Urrego-Blanco, J. P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under the Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38QN UT WOS:000209358000007 ER PT J AU Shapira, D Liang, JF Gross, CJ Beene, JR Varner, RL Amro, H Bierman, JD Caraley, AL Chavez-Lomeli, E Galindo-Uribarri, A Del Campo, JG Kolata, JJ Jones, KL Loveland, W Mueller, PE Ortiz, ME Sprunger, PH Stracener, DW Vinodkumar, AM AF Shapira, D. Liang, J. F. Gross, C. J. Beene, J. R. Varner, R. L. Amro, H. Bierman, J. D. Caraley, A. L. Chavez-Lomeli, E. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Del Campo, J. Gomez Kolata, J. J. Jones, K. L. Loveland, W. Mueller, P. E. Ortiz, M. E. Sprunger, P. H. Stracener, D. W. Vinodkumar, A. M. TI Fusion between heavy neutron-rich nuclei using radioactive and stable ion beams SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Fusion reacions; fission; coupled channels AB Evaporation residues (ERs) and fission products were measured following bombardment of Ni-64 with radioactive Sn and Te neutron rich isotopes. The experimental setup was tailored to measurements with low intensity radioactive beams and the data obtained show the obvious enhancement of ER production (survival) with the addition of neutrons to the fused system. A calculation of nucleus-nucleus capture within a WKB formalism incorporating neutron transfer in a two step approach was performed. Using global potentials in our calculations we attempted to predict trends as well as account for measured capture cross sections of collisions between heavy nuclei with large neutron excess. C1 [Shapira, D.; Liang, J. F.; Gross, C. J.; Beene, J. R.; Varner, R. L.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Del Campo, J. Gomez; Mueller, P. E.; Stracener, D. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Amro, H.; Kolata, J. J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bierman, J. D.] Gonzaga Univ, Phys Dept AD 51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Caraley, A. L.] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Chavez-Lomeli, E.; Ortiz, M. E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Jones, K. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08856 USA. [Loveland, W.; Sprunger, P. H.; Vinodkumar, A. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Batelle, LLC. FX Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Batelle, LLC. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38QN UT WOS:000209358000017 ER PT J AU Stokstad, R AF Stokstad, R. CA IceCube Collaboration TI IceCube - a Telescope to Map the Neutrino Sky SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Neutrinos; Cerenkov detectors; cosmic rays AB IceCube is a neutrino telescope under construction at the South Pole. When finished it will encompass a cubic kilometer of ice residing 1500 m below the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet It is designed to discover and map the sources of high-energy neutrinos in the northern hemisphere. By February 2007, shortly after the Conference in Cocoyoc, there were 22 strings (of the 70+ envisioned), each with 60 photomultiplier tubes, working in the deep ice. The performance of the IceCube array with up to nine strings and some results from IceCube's predecessor, AMANDA (the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array), are described here. C1 [Stokstad, R.; IceCube Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stokstad, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation-Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Energy Research of the Department of Energy; NSF; National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA); Swedish Research Council; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT); Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural affairs (OSTC); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX We acknowledge the support of the following agencies: National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (supported by the Office of Energy Research of the Department of Energy), the NSF-supported TeraGrid systems at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA); Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), and Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural affairs (OSTC); The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38QN UT WOS:000209358000018 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW Guichon, PAM AF Thomas, A. W. Guichon, P. A. M. TI Progress in understanding the nuclear equation of state at the quark level SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Nuclear forces; phenomenological quark models; QCD in nuclei; nuclear matter; neutron stars AB At the present time there is a lively debate within the nuclear community concerning the relevance of quark degrees of freedom in understanding nuclear structure. We outline the key issues and review the impressive progress made recently within the framework of the quark-meson coupling model. In particular, we explain in quite general terms how the modification of the internal structure of hadrons in-medium leads naturally to three- and four-body forces, or equivalently, to density dependent effective interactions. C1 [Thomas, A. W.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Thomas, A. W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Guichon, P. A. M.] CEA Saclay, SPhN DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU DOE under Jefferson Science Associates operates Jefferson Lab [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge the collaboration with W. Bentz, I. Cloet, S. Lawley, H. Matevosyan, J. Riskova Stone, K. Saito, N. Sandulescu and K. Tsushima, who made crucial contributions to the work described here. This work was supported by DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates operates Jefferson Lab. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38QN UT WOS:000209358000019 ER PT J AU Bogen, KT Jones, ED Fischer, LE AF Bogen, Kenneth T. Jones, Edwin D. Fischer, Larry E. TI Hurricane destructive power predictions based on historical storm and sea surface temperature data SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE extreme value models; North Atlantic; power dissipation index; time series ID EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; CLIMATE MODEL; INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; INCREASE; CHOICE AB Forecasting destructive hurricane potential is complicated by substantial, unexplained intraannual variation in storm-specific power dissipation index (PDI, or integrated third power of wind speed), and interannual variation in annual accumulated PDI (APDI). A growing controversy concerns the recent hypothesis that the clearly positive trend in North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) sea surface temperature (SST) since 1970 explains increased hurricane intensities over this period, and so implies ominous PDI and APDI growth as global warming continues. To test this "SST hypothesis" and examine its quantitative implications, a combination of statistical and probabilistic methods were applied to National Hurricane Center HURDAT best-track data on NAO hurricanes during 1880-2002, and corresponding National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Extended Reconstruction SST estimates. Notably, hurricane behavior was compared to corresponding hurricane-specific (i.e., spatiotemporally linked) SST; previous similar comparisons considered only SST averaged over large NAO regions. Contrary to the SST hypothesis, SST was found to vary in a monthly pattern inconsistent with that of corresponding PDI, and to be at best weakly associated with PDI or APDI despite strong correlation with corresponding mean latitude (R-2 = 0.55) or with combined mean location and a similar to 90-year periodic trend (R-2 = 0.70). Over the last century, the lower 75% of APDIs appear randomly sampled from a nearly uniform distribution, and the upper 25% of APDIs from a nearly lognormal distribution. From the latter distribution, a baseline (SST-independent) stochastic model was derived predicting that over the next half century, APDI will not likely exceed its maximum value over the last half century by more than a factor of 1.5. This factor increased to 2 using a baseline model modified to assume SST-dependence conditioned on an upper bound of the increasing NAO SST trend observed since 1970. An additional model was developed that predicts PDI statistics conditional on APDI. These PDI and APDI models can be used to estimate upper bounds on indices of hurricane power likely to be realized over the next century, under divergent assumptions regarding SST influence. C1 [Bogen, Kenneth T.] Exponent Hlth & Environmental, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Bogen, Kenneth T.; Jones, Edwin D.; Fischer, Larry E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bogen, KT (reprint author), Exponent Hlth & Environmental, 500,12th St Suite 220, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM kbogen@exponent.com NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1497 EP 1517 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00984.x PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 240LB UT WOS:000251588000008 PM 18093049 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RL Chu, S Puglisi, JD AF Gonzalez, Ruben L., Jr. Chu, Steven Puglisi, Joseph D. TI Thiostrepton inhibition of tRNA delivery to the ribosome SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FRET; ribosome; single molecule biochemistry; tRNA selection ID AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; ELONGATION-FACTOR TU; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; GTPASE CENTER; TRANSLATION; SELECTION; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISMS; FIDELITY; SUBUNIT AB Ribosome-stimulated hydrolysis of guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) by guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) translation factors drives protein synthesis by the ribosome. Allosteric coupling of GTP hydrolysis by elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) at the ribosomal GTPase center to messenger RNA (mRNA) codon:aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA) anticodon recognition at the ribosomal decoding site is essential for accurate and rapid aa-tRNA selection. Here we use single-molecule methods to investigate the mechanism of action of the antibiotic thiostrepton and show that the GTPase center of the ribosome has at least two discrete functions during aa-tRNA selection: binding of EF-Tu(GTP) and stimulation of GTP hydrolysis by the factor. We separate these two functions of the GTPase center and assign each to distinct, conserved structural regions of the ribosome. The data provide a specific model for the coupling between the decoding site and the GTPase center during aa-tRNA selection as well as a general mechanistic model for ribosome-stimulated GTP hydrolysis by GTPase translation factors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chu, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, One Cycloton Rd,Mail Stop 504A-4112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM schu@lbl.gov; puglisi@stanford.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM051266, GM51266] NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2091 EP 2097 DI 10.1261/rna.499407 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 231OA UT WOS:000250957700005 PM 17951333 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Zhang, YF Rack, PD Miller, MK Nieh, TG AF Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. F. Rack, P. D. Miller, M. K. Nieh, T. G. TI Nanocrystalline tetragonal tantalum thin films SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline materials; thin films; refractory metals; electrical resistivity/conductivity; nanoindentation ID CENTERED-CUBIC TANTALUM; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; BETA-TANTALUM; DIFFUSION BARRIER; METALLIC GLASSES; ALLOYS; PHASE; TA; DEPOSITION; NICKEL AB Nanocrystalline tetragonal tantalum thin film was prepared by magnetron sputtering. Structure, electrical and mechanical properties of the film were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, four-point probe and nanoindentation. Electrical resistivity of the film was found to be 264.55 mu Omega cm at room temperature with negative temperature dependence. Hardness and Young's modulus of the present tetragonal tantalum thin film with a grain size of 32.3 nm were measured to be 15.0 and 193.9 GPa, respectively. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tnieh@utk.edu RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1032 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.07.041 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221QJ UT WOS:000250242100015 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Liu, CT Hoelzer, DT Mills, MJ Sarosi, P Hayashi, T Wendt, U Heyse, H AF Schneibel, J. H. Liu, C. T. Hoelzer, D. T. Mills, M. J. Sarosi, P. Hayashi, T. Wendt, U. Heyse, H. TI Development of porosity in an oxide dispersion-strengthened ferritic alloy containing nanoscale oxide particles SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE mechanical alloying; steels; high temperature deformation; oxide dispersion strengthening; porosity ID STEELS AB The development of porosity at 1000 degrees C in an oxide dispersion-strengthened ferritic alloy containing nanoscale (similar to 2-4 nm) oxide particles is investigated. A comparison with an alloy fabricated by internal oxidation instead of mechanical alloying demonstrates that the porosity formation is associated with mechanical alloying of the alloy powder with Y2O3 in argon. The pores grow in spite of a submicron grain size suggesting that the grain boundaries are not effective paths for removing entrapped gas from the pores. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Inst Mat & Joining Technol, Magdeburg, Germany. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1040 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.07.029 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221QJ UT WOS:000250242100017 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF AF Fonda, R. W. Bingert, J. F. TI Texture variations in an aluminum friction stir weld SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; texture; shear deformation; electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); aluminum alloys ID STOP-ACTION TECHNIQUE; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; AXIAL STRESSES; TORSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAINS; FLOW; AL AB The banding in a friction stir weld was determined to correspond to a periodic textural variation between the B root B component and a mixture of B root B and C components of the simple shear texture. These textures have similar deformation reference frames, indicating that the banding arises from a periodic variation in the strain magnitude or temperature during welding. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.068 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221QJ UT WOS:000250242100020 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Yamamoto, Y Santella, ML Pint, BA AF Brady, M. P. Yamamoto, Y. Santella, M. L. Pint, B. A. TI Effects of minor alloy additions and oxidation temperature on protective alumina scale formation in creep-resistant austenitic stainless steels SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE austenitic steels; heat-resistant steels; oxidation; oxides; internal oxidation AB Niobium was found to be beneficial for alumina scale formation in newly developed creep-resistant austenitic stainless steels. Additions of both Ti and V degraded alumina scale formation, whereas alloys with individual additions of Ti or V were able to form protective alumina scales. The ability to form external alumina scales was lost in the lower Al- and Nb-containing alloys between 800 and 900 C. Compositions with the potential to form alumina at 900 C were identified. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS 6115, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 9 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1117 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.08.032 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223FR UT WOS:000250355500016 ER PT J AU Olmsted, DL Foiles, SM Holm, EA AF Olmsted, David L. Foiles, Stephen M. Holm, Elizabeth A. TI Grain boundary interface roughening transition and its effect on grain boundary mobility for non-faceting boundaries SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary migration; grain boundary structure; grain growth; molecular dynamics simulations; roughening ID MIGRATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATION; ALUMINUM AB Like other interfaces, equilibrium grain boundaries are smooth at low temperature and rough at high temperature; however, little attention has been paid to roughening except for faceting boundaries. Using molecular dynamics simulations of face-centered cubic Ni, we studied two closely related grain boundaries with different boundary planes. In spite of their similarity, their boundary roughening temperatures differ by several hundred degrees, and boundary mobility is much larger above the roughening temperature. This has important implications for microstructural development during metallurgical processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olmsted, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dolmste@sandia.gov RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016; OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.07.045 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223FR UT WOS:000250355500027 ER PT J AU Krishnan, S Sanjeev, G Pattabi, M Ullal, HS Wu, XZ AF Krishnan, Sheeja Sanjeev, Ganesh Pattabi, Manjunatha Ullal, Harin S. Wu, Xuanzhi TI Effect of 8 MeV electron irradiation on the performance of CSS grown CdTe/CdS solar cells SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-RESISTANCE; EFFICIENCY AB The results of investigations carried out on the effect of electron irradiation on the electrical properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells prepared by close spaced sublimation (CSS) are presented in this paper. The solar cells were characterized using current-voltage (I-V) measurements under dark and air mass (AM) 1.5 illumination conditions. They were also characterized by capacitance measurements at various frequencies. The cells were exposed to graded doses of electrons up to 100 kGy. The effect of electron irradiation on the solar cell parameters such as short circuit current (I-sc), open circuit voltage (V-oc), fill factor (FF), conversion efficiency (eta), saturation current (I-o) and ideality factor (n) were studied. Only small changes in the cell parameters were observed after electron irradiation. Since the observed changes in the cell parameters were not remarkable up to an electron dose of 100 kGy, CdTe/CdS solar cells seem to be stable under electron irradiation. C1 [Krishnan, Sheeja; Pattabi, Manjunatha] Mangalore Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India. [Sanjeev, Ganesh] Mangalore Univ, Dept Phys, Microtron Ctr, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India. [Ullal, Harin S.; Wu, Xuanzhi] Natl Ctr Photon Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Krishnan, S (reprint author), Mangalore Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India. EM manjupattabi@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1307 EP 1311 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/12/012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 248XL UT WOS:000252190400012 ER PT J AU Deng, ZQ Carlson, TJ Duncan, JP Richmond, MC AF Deng, Zhiqun Carlson, Thomas J. Duncan, Joanne P. Richmond, Marshall C. TI Six-degree-of-freedom sensor fish design and instrumentation SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE fish-friendly turbine; Sensor Fish; fish injury mechanism ID PASSAGE SURVIVAL; FLOW; TURBINES AB Fish passing through dams may be injured or killed despite advances in turbine design, project operations and other fish bypass systems. The six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) Sensor Fish device is an autonomous sensor package that characterizes the physical conditions and physical stresses to which fish are exposed when they pass through complex hydraulic environments. It has been used to identify the locations and operations where conditions are severe enough to injure or kill fish. During the design process, a set of governing equations of motion for the Sensor Fish was derived and simulated to understand the design implications of instrument selection and placement within the body of the device. The Sensor Fish package includes three rotation sensors, three acceleration sensors, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor with a sampling frequency of 2,000 Hz. Its housing is constructed of clear polycarbonate plastic. It is 24.5 mm in diameter and 90 mm in length and weighs about 43 g, similar to the size and density of a yearling salmon smolt. The accuracy of the pressure sensor was determined to be within 0.2 psi. In laboratory acceptance tests, the relative errors of both the linear acceleration and angular velocity measurements were determined to be less than 5%. An exposure is defined as a significant event when the acceleration reaches predefined thresholds. Based on the different characteristic of acceleration and rotation velocities, the exposure event is categorized as either a collision between the Sensor Fish and a solid structure or shear caused by turbulence. Since its development in 2005, the 6DOF Sensor Fish has been deployed successfully at many major dams in the United States. C1 [Deng, Zhiqun; Carlson, Thomas J.; Duncan, Joanne P.; Richmond, Marshall C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Deng, ZQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhiqun.deng@pnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013; Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485; Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3399 EP 3415 DI 10.3390/s7123399 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 255AE UT WOS:000252628300026 ER PT J AU Mascarenas, DL Todd, MD Park, G Farrar, CR AF Mascarenas, David L. Todd, Michael D. Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. TI Development of an impedance-based wireless sensor node for structural health monitoring SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID POWER TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE-SENSORS; SENSING UNIT; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; DESIGN AB This paper presents the development and application of a miniaturized impedance sensor node for structural health monitoring (SHM). A large amount of research has been focused on utilizing the impedance method for structural health monitoring. The vast majority of this research, however, has required the use of expensive and bulky impedance analyzers that are not suitable for field deployment. In this study, we developed a wireless impedance sensor node equipped with a low-cost integrated circuit chip that can measure and record the electrical impedance of a piezoelectric transducer, a microcontroller that performs local computing and a wireless telemetry module that transmits the structural information to a base station. The performance of this miniaturized and portable device has been compared to results obtained with a conventional impedance analyzer and its effectiveness has been demonstrated in an experiment to detect loss of preload in a bolted joint. Furthermore, for the first time, we also consider the problem of wireless powering of such SHM sensor nodes, where we use radio-frequency wireless energy transmission to deliver electrical energy to power the sensor node. In this way, the sensor node does not have to rely on an on-board power source, and the required energy can be wirelessly delivered as needed by human or a remotely controlled robotic device. C1 [Mascarenas, David L.; Todd, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mascarenas, David L.; Todd, Michael D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 29 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2145 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/16/6/016 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 253QM UT WOS:000252532700017 ER PT J AU Simmers, GE Sodano, HA Park, G Inman, DJ AF Simmers, Garnett E., Jr. Sodano, Henry A. Park, Gyuhae Inman, Daniel J. TI Thermal protection for a self-sensing piezoelectric control system SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION CONTROL; ACTUATOR; COMPENSATION; PERFORMANCE AB Piezoelectric materials exhibit high electromechanical coupling that allows them to both generate an electrical signal when strained and, conversely, to produce a strain under an applied electric field. This coupling has led to the use of these materials for a variety of sensing and actuation purposes. One unique application of these materials is their use as self-sensing actuators where both the sensing and actuation functions are performed by a single patch of material. Since the actuation and sensing voltages both exist simultaneously in the piezoelectric material, a specially designed electric circuit, referred to as a bridge circuit, is required to realize the concept. Configuration of the material in this manner is advantageous for control systems due to the enhanced stability associated when collocated control is applied. While certain advantages result from this type of system, precise equilibrium of the bridge circuit is required to achieve stability. This equilibrium is easy to achieve in theory, but difficult in practice due to the thermal dependence of the piezoelectric material's dielectric constant. This study will investigate a novel method of accounting for these changes through the use of thermal switches to passively adjust the bridge circuit and maintain a balanced state. The proposed concept will be theoretically modeled and simulated in a vibration control application to identify the thermal range for stability with and without the array of switches. It will be shown that, through the use of nine thermal switches, the stable operating range can be increased by 95 degrees C while maintaining vibration control performance. C1 [Sodano, Henry A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Simmers, Garnett E., Jr.; Inman, Daniel J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Park, Gyuhae] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sodano, HA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 876106, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM henry.sodano@asu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2492 EP 2500 DI 10.1098/0964-1726/16/6/053 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 253QM UT WOS:000252532700053 ER PT J AU Sabsabi, M Russo, R AF Sabsabi, Mohamad Russo, Rick TI Fourth international conference on laser induced plasma spectroscopy and applications (LIBS 2006) - Preface SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sabsabi, Mohamad] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Ind Mat, Boucherville, PQ J4B 6Y4, Canada. [Russo, Rick] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sabsabi, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Ind Mat, Boucherville, PQ J4B 6Y4, Canada. EM Mohamad.Sabsabi@imi.cnrc-nrc.gc.ca NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 12 SI SI BP 1285 EP 1286 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2007.11.001 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 249CM UT WOS:000252204500001 ER PT J AU Baudelet, M Boueri, M Yu, J Mao, SS Piseltelli, V Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Baudelet, Matthieu Boueri, Myriam Yu, Jin Mao, Samuel S. Piseltelli, Vincent Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. TI Time-resolved ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for organic material analysis SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2006) CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Canada Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council DE ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; time-resolved LIBS; organic material analysis ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; AMBIENT AIR; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; ABLATION; GRAPHITE AB Ultraviolet pulses (266 nm) delivered by a quadrupled Nd:YAG laser were used to analyze organic samples with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We present characteristics of the spectra obtained from organic samples with special attentions on the emissions of organic elements, O and N, and molecular bonds CN. The choice of these atomic or molecular species is justified on one hand, by the importance of these species to specify organic or biological materials; and on the other hand by the possible interferences with ambient air when laser ablation takes place in the atmosphere. Time-resolved LIBS was used to determine the time-evolution of line intensity emitted from these species. We demonstrate different kinetic behaviors corresponding to different origins of emitters: native atomic or molecular species directly vaporized from the sample or those generated through dissociation or recombination due to interaction between laser-induced plasma and air molecules. Our results show the ability of time-resolved UV-LlBS for detection and identification of native atomic or molecular species from an organic sample. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Baudelet, Matthieu; Boueri, Myriam; Yu, Jin] Univ Lyon 1, Spectrometrie Ion & Mol Lab, CNRS, UMR 5579, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Mao, Samuel S.; Piseltelli, Vincent; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, Spectrometrie Ion & Mol Lab, CNRS, UMR 5579, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM jin.yu@lasim.univ-lyon1.fr NR 21 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 12 SI SI BP 1329 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2007.10.043 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 249CM UT WOS:000252204500006 ER PT J AU Martin, MZ Labbe, N Andre, N Harris, R Ebinger, M Wullschleger, SD Vass, AA AF Martin, Madhavi Z. Labbe, Nicole Andre, Nicolas Harris, Ronny Ebinger, Michael Wullschleger, Stan D. Vass, Arpad A. TI High resolution applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for environmental and forensic applications SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2006) CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Canada Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council DE laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; multivariate analysis; soil carbon measurements; human and animal bone chemical analysis; forensic science ID SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN; CARBON; WOOD AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used in the elemental analysis for a variety of environmental samples and as a proof of concept for a host of forensic applications. In the first application, LIBS was used for the rapid detection of carbon from a number of different soil types. In this application, a major breakthrough was achieved by using a multivariate analytical approach that has brought us closer towards a ''universal calibration curve". In a second application, it has been demonstrated that LIBS in combination with multivariate analysis can be employed to analyze the chemical composition of annual tree growth rings and con-elate them to external parameters such as changes in climate, forest fires, and disturbances involving human activity. The objectives of using this technology in fire scar determinations are: 1) To determine the characteristic spectra of wood exposed to forest fires and 2) To examine the viability of this technique for detecting fire occurrences in stems that did not develop fire scars. These examples demonstrate that LIBS-based techniques are inherently well suited for diverse environmental applications. LIBS was also applied to a variety of proof of concept forensic applications such as the analysis of cremains (human cremation remains) and elemental composition analysis of prosthetic implants. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Madhavi Z.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Labbe, Nicole; Andre, Nicolas] Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Harris, Ronny; Ebinger, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vass, Arpad A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martin, MZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM martinm1@oml.gov RI Martin, Madhavi/A-5268-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Martin, Madhavi/0000-0002-6677-2180 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 12 SI SI BP 1426 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2007.10.046 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 249CM UT WOS:000252204500018 ER PT J AU Clem, JR Claassen, JH Mawatari, Y AF Clem, John R. Claassen, J. H. Mawatari, Yasunori TI AC losses in a finite Z stack using an anisotropic homogeneous-medium approximation SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD; MAGNETIZATION AB A finite stack of thin superconducting tapes, all carrying a fixed current I, can be approximated by an anisotropic superconducting bar with critical current density J(c) = I-c/2aD, where I-c is the critical current of each tape, 2a is the tape width, and D is the tape-to-tape periodicity. The current density J must obey the constraint integral J dx = I/D, where the tapes lie parallel to the x axis and are stacked along the z axis. We suppose that Jc is independent of field (Bean approximation) and look for a solution to the critical state for arbitrary height 2b of the stack. For c < vertical bar x vertical bar < a we have J = J(c), and for vertical bar x vertical bar < c the critical state requires that B-z = 0. We show that this implies. partial derivative J/partial derivative x = 0 in the central region. Setting c as a constant (independent of z) results in field profiles remarkably close to the desired one (Bz = 0 for vertical bar x vertical bar < c) as long as the aspect ratio b/a is not too small. We evaluate various criteria for choosing c, and we show that the calculated hysteretic losses depend only weakly on how c is chosen. We argue that for small D/a the anisotropic homogeneous-medium approximation gives a reasonably accurate estimate of the ac losses in a finite Z stack. The results for a Z stack can be used to calculate the transport losses in a pancake coil wound with superconducting tape. C1 [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Claassen, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mawatari, Yasunori] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM clem@ameslab.gov NR 18 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1130 EP 1139 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/12/008 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 248XJ UT WOS:000252190200009 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA AF Chambers, Scott A. TI Surface science opportunities in the electronic structure of ZnO (A perspective on the article, "Quantitative analysis of surface donors in ZnO", by D.C. Look) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hall effect; temperature dependence; surface conductivity; zinc oxide; donors; acceptors ID ZINC-OXIDE C1 [Chambers, Scott A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99338 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci, Div Chem & Mat Sci, POB 999,MS K8-80, Richland, WA 99338 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP 5313 EP 5314 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.004 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600002 ER PT J AU Furukawa, M Yamada, T Katano, S Kawai, M Ogasawara, H Nilsson, A AF Furukawa, Masashi Yamada, Taro Katano, Satoshi Kawai, Maki Ogasawara, Hirohito Nilsson, Anders TI Geometrical characterization of adenine and guanine on Cu(110) by NEXAFS, XPS, and DFT calculation SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nucleic acids; copper; near-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; density functional calculations; molecular orientation ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BASE MOLECULES; SURFACES; THYMINE; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; ORIENTATION; MICROSCOPY AB Adsorption of purine DNA bases (guanine and adenine) on Cu(110) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and density-functional theory (DFT) calculation. At coverages near 0.2 monolayers, Angular-resolved NEXAFS analysis revealed that adenine adsorbates lie almost flat and that guanine adsorbates are tilted up on the surface with the purine ring parallel to the atom rows of Cu(110). Referring to the previous studies on pyrimidine DNA bases [M. Furukawa, H. Fujisawa, S. Katano, H. Ogasawara, Y. Kim, T. Komeda, A. Nilsson, M. Kawai, Surf. Sci. 532-535 (2003) 261], the isomerization of DNA bases on Cu(110) was found to play an important role in the adsorption geometry. Guanine, thymine and cytosine adsorption have an amine-type nitrogen next to a carbonyl group, which is dehydrogenated into imine nitrogen on Cu(110). These bases are bonded by the inherent portion of -NH-CO- altered by conversion into enolic form and dehydrogenation. Adenine contains no CO group and is bonded to Cu(110) by participation of the inherent amine parts, resulting in nearly flatly-lying position. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Furukawa, Masashi; Yamada, Taro; Kawai, Maki] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Katano, Satoshi] Tohoku Univ, Res Inst Elect Commun, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Kawai, Maki] Univ Tokyo, Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778651, Japan. [Ogasawara, Hirohito; Nilsson, Anders] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nilsson, Anders] Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kawai, M (reprint author), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM maki@riken.jp RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP 5433 EP 5440 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600021 ER PT J AU Jeroro, E Lebarbler, V Datye, A Wang, Y Vohs, JM AF Jeroro, E. Lebarbler, V. Datye, A. Wang, Y. Vohs, J. M. TI Interaction of CO with surface PdZn alloys SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low index single crystal surfaces; alcohols; palladium; zinc; thermal desorption; vibrations of adsorbed molecules ID OXALATE-PRECURSOR SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; PD/ZNO CATALYST; CU/ZNO CATALYST; METHANOL; PD(111); ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The adsorption and bonding configuration of CO on clean and Zn-covered Pd(111) surfaces was studied using low energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). LEED and TPD results indicate that annealing at 550 K is sufficient to induce reaction between adsorbed Zn atoms and the Pd(111) surface resulting in the formation of an ordered surface PdZn alloy. Carbon monoxide was found to bond more weakly to the Zn/ Pd(111) alloy surfaces compared to clean Pd(111). Zn addition was also found to alter the preferred adsorption sites for CO from threefold hollow to atop sites. Similar behavior was observed for supported Pd-Zn/Al2O3 catalysts. The results of this study show that both ensemble and electronic effects play a role in how Zn alters the interactions of CO with the surface. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jeroro, E.; Vohs, J. M.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Bimol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lebarbler, V.; Datye, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wang, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vohs, JM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Bimol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM vohs@seas.upenn.edu RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659; Jeroro, Eseoghene/0000-0001-5286-6592 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP 5546 EP 5554 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.031 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600035 ER PT J AU Goodman, DW Peden, CHF Chen, MS AF Goodman, D. W. Peden, C. H. F. Chen, M. S. TI Reply to comment on "CO oxidation on ruthenium: The nature of the active catalytic surface" by H. Over, M. Muhler, A.P. Seitsonen SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE CO oxidation; ruthenium; ruthenium oxide; Ru(0001); RuO2(110) ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; MODEL CATALYST; STEADY-STATE; PRESSURE GAP; RU(0001); RUO2(110); PLATINUM; KINETICS; METALS C1 [Goodman, D. W.; Peden, C. H. F.; Chen, M. S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Peden, C. H. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goodman, DW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POPB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Chen, Mingshu/G-4590-2010; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP 5663 EP 5665 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.042 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600050 ER PT J AU Li, M Evans, JW Wang, CZ Hupalo, M Tringides, MC Chan, TL Ho, KM AF Li, Maozhi Evans, J. W. Wang, C. Z. Hupalo, M. Tringides, M. C. Chan, T. -L. Ho, K. M. TI Strongly-driven coarsening of height-selected Pb islands on Si(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coarsening; rate equations; quantum size effects; metal-on-semiconductor thin film structures ID SURFACES; GROWTH; PB/SI(111)-(7X7); NANOSTRUCTURES; SI(001); UNIFORM AB A theoretical model is proposed to describe the rapid coarsening observed for Pb islands on a Si(111) surface where classical kinetics breaks down. In this system, quantum size effects produce mesa-like Pb islands with chemical potentials depending strongly on their heights, in addition to the usual dependence on the step curvature. Furthermore, a dense wetting layer enables fast mass transport between islands. Incorporating these features, our theoretical model predicts evolution of the island height distribution in good agreement with experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Maozhi; Wang, C. Z.; Hupalo, M.; Tringides, M. C.; Chan, T. -L.; Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Maozhi; Evans, J. W.; Wang, C. Z.; Hupalo, M.; Tringides, M. C.; Chan, T. -L.; Ho, K. M.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM maozhi@ameslab.gov RI Chan, Tzu-Liang/C-3260-2015 OI Chan, Tzu-Liang/0000-0002-9655-0917 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP L140 EP L144 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.08-029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600006 ER PT J AU Yu, SW Tobin, JG AF Yu, S. -W. Tobin, J. G. TI Observation of an underlying relativistic effect in the valence bands of Pt SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spin-resolved photoemission; metal ID SPIN-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; LINEARLY POLARIZED RADIATION; NORMAL EMISSION; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; LIGHT; ELECTRONS; SURFACES; PT(111); LAMBDA AB We have measured the photoelectron spin polarization emitted by unpolarized UV radiation from the valence-bands of the well ordered Pt(001)-(5 x 1) surface and the disordered surface destroyed by Ar ions bombardment. Almost identical spin polarizations have been observed in both cases. This observation suggests that the electron spin polarization in photoemission caused by unpolarized light is determined by a short-range order of atoms. This finding has an obvious implication that the electron spin polarization in photoemission caused by unpolarized light can be used to study the bulk electronic structure of the nonmagnetic materials. C1 [Yu, S. -W.; Tobin, J. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yu, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM yu2l@llnl.gov RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 23 BP L127 EP L131 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.07.034 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240WT UT WOS:000251619600003 ER PT J AU Adzic, RR Zhang, J Sasaki, K Vukmirovic, MB Shao, M Wang, JX Nilekar, AU Mavrikakis, M Valerio, JA Uribe, F AF Adzic, R. R. Zhang, J. Sasaki, K. Vukmirovic, M. B. Shao, M. Wang, J. X. Nilekar, A. U. Mavrikakis, M. Valerio, J. A. Uribe, F. TI Platinum monolayer fuel cell electrocatalysts SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen oxidation; CO oxidation; oxygen reduction; platinum monolayer; fuel cells; electrocatalysis; density functional theory ID OXYGEN REDUCTION KINETICS; ALLOY ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN OXIDATION; METAL-CLUSTERS; O-2 REDUCTION; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; CO AB We describe a new class of electrocatalysts for the O-2 reduction, and H-2 and methanol oxidation reactions, consisting of a monolayer of Pt deposited on a metal or alloy carbon-supported nanoparticles. These electrocatalysts show up to a 20-fold increase in Pt mass activity compared with conventional all-Pt electrocatalysts. The origin of their increased activity was identified through a combination of experimental methods, employing electrochemical and surface science techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The long-term tests in fuel cells demonstrated excellent stability of the anode and good stability of the cathode electrocatalysts. We also describe the stabilization of Pt electrocatalysts against dissolution under potential cycling regimes effected by a submonolayer of Au clusters deposited on Pt surfaces. These new electrocatalysts promise to alleviate some of the major problems of existing fuel cell technology. C1 [Adzic, R. R.; Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Vukmirovic, M. B.; Shao, M.; Wang, J. X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nilekar, A. U.; Mavrikakis, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Valerio, J. A.; Uribe, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov RI Nilekar, Anand/B-3325-2008; Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012; Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; OI Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356; Shao, Minhua/0000-0003-4496-0057 NR 37 TC 537 Z9 539 U1 31 U2 332 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s11244-007-9003-x PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240TY UT WOS:000251611500002 ER PT J AU Nilekar, AU Xu, Y Zhang, JL Vukmirovic, MB Sasaki, K Adzic, RR Mavrikakis, M AF Nilekar, Anand Udaykumar Xu, Ye Zhang, Junliang Vukmirovic, Miomir B. Sasaki, Kotaro Adzic, Radoslav R. Mavrikakis, Manos TI Bimetallic and ternary alloys for improved oxygen reduction catalysis SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory calculations; oxygen reduction reaction; platinum monolayer; fuel cells; electrocatalysis; cathode ID PLATINUM-MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; PT-FE ALLOYS; METAL-SURFACES; O-2 REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; REACTIVITY; ELECTROREDUCTION; PT(111); DESIGN; STRAIN AB Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and an array of experimental techniques including in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we identified, synthesized, and tested successfully a new class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that were based on monolayers of Pt deposited on different late transition metals (Au, Pd, Ir, Rh, or Ru), of which the Pd-supported Pt monolayer had the highest ORR activity. The amount of Pt used was further decreased by replacing part of the Pt monolayer with a third late transition metal (Au, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Re, or Os). Several of these mixed Pt monolayers deposited on Pd single crystal or on carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles exhibited up to a 20-fold increase in ORR activity on a Pt-mass basis when compared with conventional all-Pt electrocatalysts. DFT calculations showed that their superior activity originated from the interaction between the Pt monolayer and the Pd substrate and from a reduced OH coverage on Pt sites, the result of enhanced destabilization of Pt-OH induced by the oxygenated third metal. This new class of electrocatalysts promises to alleviate the major problems of existing fuel cell technology by simultaneously decreasing materials cost and enhancing performance. C1 [Nilekar, Anand Udaykumar; Mavrikakis, Manos] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Xu, Ye] Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Junliang; Vukmirovic, Miomir B.; Sasaki, Kotaro; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Dept Mat Sci, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mavrikakis, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov; manos@engr.wisc.edu RI Nilekar, Anand/B-3325-2008; Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009; Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832; Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356 NR 35 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 23 U2 170 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s11244-007-9001-z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240TY UT WOS:000251611500004 ER PT J AU Dagle, RA Chin, YH Wang, Y AF Dagle, Robert A. Chin, Ya-Huei Wang, Yong TI The effects of PdZn crystallite size on methanol steam reforming SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PdZn alloy; Pd/ZnO catalysts; PdZn crystallites; methanol steam reforming; hydrogen production ID FUEL; CATALYSTS; PD/ZNO AB Exceptional activity and selectivity of Pd/ZnO catalysts for methanol steam reforming have been attributed to the formation of PdZn alloy. In this paper, we evaluated the crystallite size effects of PdZn alloy on methanol steam reforming. An organic preparation method was used to avoid the complexity from the alteration of ZnO morphology typically associated with the conventional aqueous preparation method. Both Pd loading and reduction temperature (> 350 degrees C) were used to vary the crystallite size of PdZn alloy. Experimental activity studies and transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterizations indicated that formation of large sized PdZn crystallites exhibit high reactivity and low CO selectivity during methanol steam reforming. C1 [Dagle, Robert A.; Chin, Ya-Huei; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999,902 Battle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 11 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1007/s11244-007-9009-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240TY UT WOS:000251611500011 ER PT J AU Platon, A Roh, HS King, DL Wang, Y AF Platon, Alex Roh, Hyun-Seog King, David L. Wang, Yong TI Deactivation studies of Rh/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts in low temperature ethanol steam reforming SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ethanol; steam reforming; catalyst deactivation ID BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; SUPPORTED COBALT CATALYSTS; NOBLE-METAL CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; FUEL-CELLS; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; SUSTAINABLE HYDROGEN; OXIDE CATALYSTS; OXIDATION; METHANOL AB Rapid deactivation of Rh/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts during low temperature ethanol steam reforming was studied. A significant build-up of reaction intermediates, instead of carbon deposit, was observed at low reaction temperatures. This appears to be the cause of rapid catalyst deactivation. Co-feed experiments indicated that possible intermediate products acetone and ethylene caused more severe catalyst deactivation than other oxygenates such as acetic acid and acetaldehyde. C1 [Platon, Alex; Roh, Hyun-Seog; King, David L.; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s11244-007-9007-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 240TY UT WOS:000251611500013 ER PT J AU Marty, MS Domoradzki, JY Hansen, SC Timchalk, C Bartels, MJ Mattsson, JL AF Marty, Mary Sue Domoradzki, Jeanne Y. Hansen, Steven C. Timchalk, Charles Bartels, Michael J. Mattsson, Joel L. TI The effect of route, vehicle, and divided doses on the pharmacokinetics of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite trichloropyridinol in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE neonatal rat; chlorpyrifos; trichloropyridinol; gavage; diet; sc DMSO; dose rate; vehicle ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; CYCLASE SIGNALING CASCADE; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE DMSO; CELLULAR MECHANISMS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ORAL CHLORPYRIFOS AB There is a paucity of data on neonatal systemic exposure using different dosing paradigms. Male CD (Sprague-Dawley derived) rats at postnatal day (PND) 5 were dosed with chlorpyrifos (CPF, 1 mg/kg) using different routes of exposure, vehicles, and single versus divided doses. Blood concentrations of CPF and its primary metabolite, trichloropyridinol, were measured at multiple times through 24 h. Groups included were single gavage bolus versus divided gavage doses in corn oil (one vs. three times in 24h), single gavage bolus versus divided gavage doses in rat milk, and sc administration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). These data were compared with lactational exposure of PND 5 pups from dams exposed to CPF in the diet at 5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks or published data from dams exposed to daily gavage with CPF at 5 mg/kg/day. Maternal blood CPF levels were an order of magnitude lower from dietary exposure than gavage (1.1 vs. 14.8 ng/g), and blood CPF levels in PND 5 pups that nursed dietary-exposed or gavage-exposed dams were below the limit of detection. Single gavage doses of 1 mg/kg CPF in corn oil vehicle in pups resulted in CPF blood levels of 49 ng/g and in milk vehicle about 9 ng/g. Divided doses led to lower peak CPF levels. A bolus dose of 1 mg/kg CPF in DMSO administered sc appeared to have substantially altered pharmacokinetics from orally administered CPF. To be meaningful for risk assessment, neonatal studies require attention to the exposure scenario, since route, vehicle, dose, and frequency of administration result in different systemic exposure to the test chemical and its metabolites. C1 Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Auburn, MI 48611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ltd Liability Co, Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Marty, MS (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, 1803 Bldg, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM mmarty@dow.com FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH008173-01, R01 OH003629-03] NR 64 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 360 EP 373 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm239 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 232RU UT WOS:000251037800005 PM 17928393 ER PT J AU Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Eryilmaz, Osman L. Erdemir, Ali TI Investigation of initial and steady-state sliding behavior of a nearly frictionless carbon film by imaging 2-and 3-D TOF-SIMS SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DLC; initial and steady-state friction; wear; superlubricity; lubrication mechanism; TOF-SIMS ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SUPERLOW-FRICTION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE; ADHESION; VACUUM; TIME; MICROSTRUCTURES; PRESSURE; HYDROGEN AB Using imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), we investigated the initial and steady-state sliding behavior of a nearly frictionless carbon (NFC) film. Specifically, TOF-SIMS images (both 2-D and 3-D) of these surfaces were constructed to highlight the spatial distributions of ionized and molecular species that were present on as-received and friction-tested NFC surfaces and as a function of depth. As a complementary technique, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to gain further insight into the chemical nature of the sliding surfaces. The NFC films were produced on Si wafers and steel substrates in a gas discharge plasma that consisted of 25 vol.% methane and 75 vol.% hydrogen using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. They were then subjected to sliding friction and wear experiments in a pin-on-disk machine under 5- and 10-N loads and at sliding velocities of 0.2-0.5 m/s in dry nitrogen. The initial friction coefficients of the NFC films were in the range of 0.05-0.1, but decreased rapidly to values less than 0.01 at steady state. Positive and negative TOF-SIMS spectra and 2- and 3-D images reconstructed from selected masses revealed that the elemental distribution of certain chemical species differs substantially between undisturbed and tribo-tested areas of the NFC films. Specifically, the tribo-tested areas are essentially made up of carbon and hydrogen, while undisturbed or as-received areas are covered by a layer that is rich in oxygen and other species. These findings correlate well with the initial and steady-state friction coefficients of these films and help further explain their superlubricity in inert test environments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Tribol Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Tribol Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212,Room D218, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11249-007-9268-z PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 224ZI UT WOS:000250486500003 ER PT J AU D'Alfonso, AJ Findlay, SD Oxley, MP Pennycook, SJ Van Benthem, K Allen, LJ AF D'Alfonso, A. J. Findlay, S. D. Oxley, M. P. Pennycook, S. J. Van Benthem, K. Allen, L. J. TI Depth sectioning in scanning transmission electron microscopy based on core-loss spectroscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE STEM; depth sectioning; nonlocality; electron energy loss spectroscopy ID INNER-SHELL IONIZATION; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; STEM; SCATTERING; ATOMS; PROSPECTS; DEVICE; BEAMS AB Recent and ongoing improvements in aberration correction have opened up the possibility of depth sectioning samples using the scanning transmission electron microscope in a fashion similar to the confocal scanning optical microscope. We explore questions of principle relating to image interpretability in the depth sectioning of samples using electron energy loss spectroscopy. We show that provided electron microscope probes are sufficiently fine and detector collection semi-angles are sufficiently large we can expect to locate dopant atoms inside a crystal. Furthermore, unlike high angle annular dark field imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy can resolve dopants of smaller atomic mass than the supporting crystalline matrix. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allen, LJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM lji@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI Findlay, Scott/C-9764-2013 OI Findlay, Scott/0000-0003-4862-4827 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.02.026 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 238XS UT WOS:000251482300003 PM 17395376 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Baer, DR Amonette, JE Engelhard, MH Antony, JJ Qiang, Y AF Wang, C. M. Baer, D. R. Amonette, J. E. Engelhard, M. H. Antony, J. J. Qiang, Y. TI Electron beam-induced thickening of the protective oxide layer around Fe nanoparticles SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fe nanoparticles; core-shell structure; HRTEM; initial oxidation ID CORE-SHELL NANOCLUSTERS; IRON NANOPARTICLES; DISPLACEMENT ENERGIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; PASSIVATION; KINETICS; SI AB There are many circumstances in science where the process of measuring the properties of a system alters the system. An imaging process can exert an inadvertent effect on the object being observed. Consequently, what we observe does not necessarily represent what had been present before the observation. Normally, this effect can be ignored if the consequence of such a change is believed not to be significant. The expansion of nanostructured materials has made high-resolution transmission electron microscopy one of the indispensable tools for probing the characteristics of nanomaterials. Modification of nanoparticles by the electron beam during their imaging has been widely noticed and this is generally believed to be due to electron beam-induced heating effect, defect formation in the particles, charging of the particle, or excitation of surrounding gases. However, an explicit experimental identification of which process dominates is often very hard to establish. We report the thickening of native oxide layer on iron nanoparticle under electron beam irradiation. Based on atomic level imaging, electron diffraction, and computer simulation, we have direct evidence that the protecting oxide layer formed on Fe nanoparticle at room temperature in air or oxygen continues to grow during an electron beam bombardment in the vacuum system typical of most TEM systems. Typically, the oxide layer increases from similar to 3 to similar to 6 nm following similar to 1 h electron beam exposure typically with an electron flux of 7 x 10(5) nm(-2)s(-1) and an vacuum of similar to 3 x 10(-5) Pa. Partial illumination of a nanoparticle and observation of the shell thickening conclusively demonstrates that many of the mechanisms postulated to explain such processes are not occurring to a significant extent. The observed growth is not related to the electron beam-induced heating of the nanoparticle, or residual oxygen ionization, or establishment of an electrical field, rather it is related to electron beam-facilitated mass transport across the oxide layer (a defect-related process). The growth follows a parabolic growth law. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov; youqiang@uidaho.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 108 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.03.002 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 238XS UT WOS:000251482300005 PM 17448600 ER PT J AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Nicklas, KD Mustaleski, T AF Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. Nicklas, K. D. Mustaleski, T. TI Transferring electron beam welding parameters using the enhanced modified faraday cup SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POWER-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. BWXTY 12, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 388S EP 398S PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 236DR UT WOS:000251283700015 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Sharitz, RR AF De Steven, Diane Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Transplanting native dominant plants to facilitate community development in restored Coastal Plain wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE depressional wetlands; Leersia hexandra; Panicum hemitomon; revegetation; wetland restoration ID DEPRESSION WETLANDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CAREX-STRICTA; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; REVEGETATION; MEADOWS; GROWTH AB Drained depressional wetlands are typically restored by plugging ditches or breaking drainage tiles to allow recovery of natural pending regimes, while relying on passive recolonization. from seed banks and dispersal to establish emergent vegetation. However, in restored depressions of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, certain characteristic rhizomatous graminoid species may not recolonize because they are dispersal-limited and uncommon or absent in the seed banks of disturbed sites. We tested whether selectively planting such wetland dominants could facilitate restoration by accelerating vegetative cover development and suppressing non-wetland species. In an operational-scale project in a South Carolina forested landscape, drained depressional wetlands were restored in early 2001 by completely removing woody vegetation and plugging surface ditches. After forest removal, tillers of two rhizomatous wetland grasses (Panicum hemitomon, Leersia hexandra) were transplanted into single-species blocks in 12 restored depressions that otherwise were revegetating passively. Presence and cover of all plant species appearing in planted plots and unplanted control plots were recorded annually. We analyzed vegetation composition after two and four years, during a severe drought (2002) and after hydrologic recovery (2004). Most grass plantings established successfully, attaining 15%-85% cover in two years. Planted plots had fewer total species and fewer wetland species compared to control plots, but differences were small. Planted plots achieved greater total vegetative cover during the drought and greater combined cover of wetland species in both years. By 2004, planted grasses appeared to reduce cover of non-wetland species in some cases, but wetter hydrologic conditions contributed more strongly to suppression of non-wetland species. Because these two grasses typically form a dominant cover matrix in herbaceous depressions, our results indicated that planting selected species could supplement passive restoration by promoting a vegetative structure closer to that of natural wetlands. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, PO Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[972:TNDPTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238TV UT WOS:000251471400019 ER PT J AU Judd, C Steinberg, S Shaughnessy, F Crawford, G AF Judd, Chaeli Steinberg, Steven Shaughnessy, Frank Crawford, Greg TI Mapping salt marsh vegetation using aerial hyperspectral imagery and linear unmixing in Humboldt bay, California SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Pacific Northwest; remote sensing; Spartina; wetlands ID SPECTRAL DISCRIMINATION; WETLAND; PLANTS; SPARTINA; USA AB Composition of salt marsh vegetation is important to wetland ecosystem health, and monitoring invasive species is critical. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of airborne hyperspectral imagery in mapping salt marsh vegetation in Humboldt Bay, California, USA. An unmixing algorithm was applied to spatial and spectral image subsets. Overall accuracy among Spartina densiflora, Salicornia virginica, and Distichlis spicata was assessed at 85.1%. Algorithm prediction between observed and predicted percent cover ranged from r(2) = 0.32 to r(2) = 0.53, an improvement on comparable studies. Percent cover prediction was least accurate for Distichlis spicata, due to initial endmember selection. Use of the Pixel Purity Index in conjunction with field work likely aided in identifying the best candidates for the linear unmixing technique. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Operat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Judd, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Operat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chaeli.judd@pnl.gov RI Crawford, Gregory/G-3661-2016 OI Crawford, Gregory/0000-0003-3194-4576 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1144 EP 1152 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[1144:MSMVUA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238TV UT WOS:000251471400034 ER PT J AU Bansal, A Yue, L Conway, J Yusim, K Tang, J Kappes, J Kaslow, RA Wilson, CM Goepfert, PA AF Bansal, Anju Yue, Ling Conway, Joan Yusim, Karina Tang, Jianming Kappes, John Kaslow, Richard A. Wilson, Craig M. Goepfert, Paul A. TI Immunological control of chronic HIV-1 infection: HLA-mediated immune function and viral evolution in adolescents SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; CD8 T-cells; Gag; HIV-1; HLA-class I; Nef ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; T-CELL RESPONSES; LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; CLASS-I ALLELES; LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; FITNESS COST; LOAD; AIDS; GAG; REPLICATION AB Background: Differential protein targeting by HIV-specific CD8 T cells is associated with disparate plasma viral loads; however, it is unclear if the quality of these responses differs depending upon the specificity of the targeted epitopes. Methods: We examined HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses in HIV-infected adolescents carrying either an HLA class I allele associated with a favorable prognosis (HLA-B*57) or an allele associated with usual disease progression (HLA-B*35 or HLA-B*53) using interferon-gamma ELISpot and ICS assays. Results: In an interferon-gamma ELISpot assay, p24 was the dominant protein targeted by B*57 carriers while responses to Nef dominated in B*35 or B*53 positive carriers. This differential protein targeting did not change during 4 years of follow-up. In these chronically infected adolescents, there were no significant differences in the quality of the immunodominant T-cell responses between the B*57 and B*35/B*53 carriers as measured by peptide avidity, degranulation, and immune memory markers. There was a trend towards higher expression of interleukin-2 from B*57-KF11 restricted CD8 T cells although this difference was not significant. Nevertheless both B*57 and B*35/53 restricted responses were relatively potent as reflected by the propensity of CD8 T cells to escape in p24 and Nef, respectively. Conclusions: Differential protein targeting rather than the quality of T-cell responses appears to be a major distinguishing feature of HIV-specific CD8 T cells induced in B*57 carriers. These data suggest that viral fitness costs associated with CD8 T-cell pressure is an important factor determining differences in the viral load among HIV-infected patients. (C) 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Bansal, Anju; Yue, Ling; Conway, Joan; Tang, Jianming; Kappes, John; Kaslow, Richard A.; Wilson, Craig M.; Goepfert, Paul A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tang, Jianming; Goepfert, Paul A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kaslow, Richard A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wilson, Craig M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Yusim, Karina] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div HIV AIDS, Adolescent Trials Network, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Goepfert, PA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, 908 20th St S,CCB 330, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM paulg@uab.edu OI Tang, Jianming/0000-0003-0137-7486 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000240, M01 RR005096, M01 RR013297]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41951, AI49126, R01 AI041951, R01 AI041951-08, R01 AI049126, R01 AI064060, R01 AI064060-03, R01 AI084772, R21 AI049126, R21 AI073103, R21 AI073103-01A1]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040533, U01 HD040474, U01 HD32830, U01 HD40533]; PHS HHS [A1064060, A1073103-01] NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 18 BP 2387 EP 2397 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 241DF UT WOS:000251636400004 PM 18025875 ER PT J AU Choi, JS Partridge, WP Daw, CS AF Choi, Jae-Soon Partridge, William P. Daw, C. Stuart TI Sulfur impact on NOx storage, oxygen storage, and ammonia breakthrough during cyclic lean/rich operation of a commercial lean NOx trap SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE lean NOx trap; NOx storage/reduction; sulfation; oxygen storage capacity; regeneration; ammonia; spatiotemporal distribution ID REDUCTION CATALYST; STORAGE/REDUCTION CATALYST; REGENERATION; DEACTIVATION AB The objective of the present study was to develop an improved understanding of how sulfur affects the spatiotemporal distribution of reactions and temperature inside a monolithic lean NOx trap (LNT). These spatiotemporal distributions are believed to be major factors in LNT function, and thus, we expect that a better understanding of these phenomena can benefit the design and operation of commercial LNTs. In our study, we experimentally evaluated a commercial LNT monolith installed in a bench-flow reactor with simulated engine exhaust. The reactor feed gas composition was cycled to simulate fast lean/rich LNT operation at 325 degrees C, and spatiotemporal species and temperature profiles were monitored along the LNT axis at different sulfur loadings. Reactor outlet NOx, NO, N2O, and NH3 were also measured. Sulfur tended to accumulate in a plug-like fashion in the reactor and progressively inhibited No, storage capacity along the axis. The NOx storage/reduction (NSR) reactions occurred over a relatively short portion of the reactor (NSR zone) under the conditions used in this study, and thus, net NOx conversion was only significantly reduced at high sulfur loading. Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was poisoned by sulfur also in a progressive manner but to a lesser extent than the NOx storage capacity. Global selectivity for N2O remained low at all sulfur loadings, but NH3 Selectivity increased significantly with sulfur loading. We conjecture that NH3 breakthrough increased because of decreasing oxidation of NH3, slipping from the NSR zone, by downstream stored oxygen. The NSR and oxygen storage/reduction (OSR) generated distinctive exotherms during the rich phase and at the rich/lean transition. Exotherm locations shifted downstream with sulfur accumulation in a manner that was consistent with the progressive poisoning of NSR and OSR sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Choi, Jae-Soon; Partridge, William P.; Daw, C. Stuart] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choi, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, POB 2008,MS 6472, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM choijs@ornl.gov OI Choi, Jae-Soon/0000-0002-8162-4207 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.07.025 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 241OT UT WOS:000251666400017 ER PT J AU Perkins, JD van Hest, MFAM Teplin, CW Dabney, MS Ginley, DS AF Perkins, J. D. van Hest, M. F. A. M. Teplin, C. W. Dabney, M. S. Ginley, D. S. TI In situ etch rate measurements of thin film combinatorial libraries SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combinatorial material science; thin film; sputtering; in situ measurements ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; HIGH-THROUGHPUT EVALUATION; COATINGS AB We demonstrate the use of optical reflection mapping as an in situ characterization tool to evaluate the corrosion rate of compositionally graded thin film combinatorial libraries coated with a commercial glass etching paste. A multi-channel fiber-optically coupled CCD-array-based spectrometer was used to collect a series of reflectance maps from 300 to 1000 nm versus time. The thin film interference oscillations in the measured reflection spectra have been fitted to determine the film thickness as a function of time and thereby the etch rate. Application of this technique to an In-Mo-O composition spread library is presented as an example. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Teplin, C. W.; Dabney, M. S.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Mail Stop 3211,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john_perkins@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 3 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.05.094 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 267CS UT WOS:000253487400006 ER PT J AU Tsui, F Collins, BA He, L Mellnik, A Zhong, Y Vogt, S Chu, YS AF Tsui, F. Collins, B. A. He, L. Mellnik, A. Zhong, Y. Vogt, S. Chu, Y. S. TI Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a ternary epitaxial film of Co and Mn doped Ge (001) SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epitaxial film; magnetic semiconductor; group IV semiconductor; transition metal doping; combinatorial thin film AB We report combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy synthesis and properties of a ternary epitaxial film of Co and Mn co-doped Ge grown on Ge (0 0 1) substrate. Structural effects were examined in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ex situ by microbeam X-ray diffraction techniques, and magnetic properties were probed by using magnetooptic Kerr effect. Ternary epitaxial phase diagrams have been studied for total doping concentrations up to 30 at.%, where regions of coherent epitaxy and rough disordered growth and those of near room temperature ferromagnetic ordering have been identified. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsui, F.; Collins, B. A.; He, L.; Mellnik, A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhong, Y.; Vogt, S.; Chu, Y. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftsui@physics.unc.edu RI He, Liang/E-5935-2012; Collins, Brian/M-5182-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Collins, Brian/0000-0003-2047-8418; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 3 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.05.087 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 267CS UT WOS:000253487400010 ER PT J AU Zhong, Y Chu, YS Collins, BA Tsui, F AF Zhong, Yuncheng Chu, Yong S. Collins, Brian A. Tsui, Frank TI High-resolution X-ray diffraction studies of combinatorial epitaxial Ge (001) thin-films on Ge (001) substrates SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; crystal-truncation rods; combinatorial thin-film; strain ID SCATTERING; BEAM AB We report high-resolution X-ray diffraction studies of combinatorial epitaxial Ge (0 0 1) thin-films with varying doping concentrations of Co and Mn grown on Ge (0 0 1) substrates. The crystalline structure of the epitaxial thin-film has been determined using crystal-truncation rod (CTR) measurements and fitting analysis. By analyzing the fine interference fringes in the CTR intensity profile, strain sensitivity of similar to 0.003% has been achieved. Using this method, the evolution of interfacial structures has been quantified as a function of doping concentration. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhong, Yuncheng; Chu, Yong S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Collins, Brian A.; Tsui, Frank] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Chu, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ychu@aps.anl.gov RI Collins, Brian/M-5182-2013 OI Collins, Brian/0000-0003-2047-8418 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 3 BP 714 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.05.088 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 267CS UT WOS:000253487400011 ER PT J AU Shinar, J Shinar, R Zhou, Z AF Shinar, Joseph Shinar, Ruth Zhou, Zhaoqun TI Combinatorial fabrication and screening of organic light-emitting device arrays SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combinatorial fabrication; organic light emitting devices; OLEDs ID ENHANCED ELECTRON INJECTION; LUMINESCENT MATERIALS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; WHITE-LIGHT; DIODES; BRIGHT; EMISSION; DISCOVERY; LAYER AB The combinatorial fabrication and screening of 2-dimensional (2-d) small molecular UV-violet organic light-emitting device (OLED) arrays, 1-d blue-to-red arrays, 1-d intense white OLED libraries, 1-d arrays to study Forster energy transfer in guest-host OLEDs, and 2-d arrays to study exciplex emission from OLEDs is described. The results demonstrate the power of combinatorial approaches for screening OLED materials and configurations, and for studying their basic properties. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shinar, Joseph; Zhou, Zhaoqun] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shinar, Joseph; Zhou, Zhaoqun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jshinar@iastate.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 3 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.04.090 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 267CS UT WOS:000253487400017 ER PT J AU Ming, D Wall, ME Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Ming, Dengming Wall, Michael E. Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y. TI Domain motions of Argonaute, the catalytic engine of RNA interference SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; NORMAL-MODES; PAZ DOMAIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; PIWI DOMAIN; PROTEIN; RECOGNITION; RISC AB Background: The Argonaute protein is the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, playing the central role of cleaving the mRNA target. Visual inspection of static crystal structures already has enabled researchers to suggest conformational changes of Argonaute that might occur during RNA interference. We have taken the next step by performing an all-atom normal mode analysis of the Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute crystal structures, allowing us to quantitatively assess the feasibility of these conformational changes. To perform the analysis, we begin with the energy-minimized X-ray structures. Normal modes are then calculated using an all-atom molecular mechanics force field. Results: The analysis reveals low-frequency vibrations that facilitate the accommodation of RNA duplexes - an essential step in target recognition. The Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute proteins both exhibit low-frequency torsion and hinge motions; however, differences in the overall architecture of the proteins cause the detailed dynamics to be significantly different. Conclusion: Overall, low-frequency vibrations of Argonaute are consistent with mechanisms within the current reaction cycle model for RNA interference. C1 [Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ming, Dengming; Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sanbonmatsu, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dming@lanl.gov; mewall@lanl.gov; kys@lanl.gov OI Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 470 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-470 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 259WZ UT WOS:000252972900001 PM 18053142 ER PT J AU Gaffney, ES Damjanac, B Valentine, GA AF Gaffney, Edward S. Damjanac, Branko Valentine, Greg A. TI Localization of volcanic activity: 2. Effects of pre-existing structure SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magma migration; physics of magma bodies; mechanics of faulting; dikes; sills; faults ID CRUSTAL MAGMA CHAMBERS; DRIVEN FLUID FRACTURE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SHEET INTRUSIONS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; REGIONAL STRESS; FILLED CRACKS; HIGH-PRESSURE; RIFT ZONES; TOUGHNESS AB The capture of vertically rising dikes by faults is examined with a combination of an analytic solution, numerical simulations and field observations. One of the numerical solutions and the field observations also provide insight into the intrusion of sills into the hanging wall of faults that are reactivated when lubricated by magma. The approximate analytic solution indicates that dike capture by a fault will be limited primarily to steeply-dipping faults. Capture will become easier, meaning that it will be possible for faults with shallower dips, as the intersection of the dike with the fault occurs at smaller depths. Capture will also be easier as it is harder for crack to grow in the hanging wall; this may be interpreted in terms of a higher tensile strength or in terms of shorter preexisting cracks or higher fracture toughness. Numerical analysis using a discrete element code confirms this conclusion but also shows that the analytic solutions overestimate the difficulty of intruding a pre-existing fault, the maximum deviation occurring for faults dipping at 45 degrees. This finding that dike capture by faults should be restricted to high-angle faults and shallow depths is supported by field observations of exhumed Miocene basaltic volcanic terrain in central Nevada, USA. Differences in style seen in other regions are attributed to both the rock properties and the regional stress field. The numerical solutions also indicate that synintrusive fault slip is likely to lead to formation of sills in the hanging wall at depths of a few hundred meters or less: a finding that is also consistent with the field observations in Nevada. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gaffney Associates Inc, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 USA. Itasca Consulting Grp, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gaffney, ES (reprint author), Gaffney Associates Inc, 747 Simms Ave, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 USA. EM edgaffney@earthlink.net NR 59 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 263 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.002 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 239LQ UT WOS:000251520200013 ER PT J AU Dustin, ML Starr, T Coombs, D Majeau, GR Meier, W Hochman, PS Douglass, A Vale, R Goldstein, B Whitty, A AF Dustin, Michael L. Starr, Toby Coombs, Daniel Majeau, Gerard R. Meier, Werner Hochman, Paula S. Douglass, Adam Vale, Ron Goldstein, Byron Whitty, Adrian TI Quantification and modeling of tripartite CD2-, CD58FC chimera (Alefacept)-, and CD16-mediated cell adhesion SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-3; 2-DIMENSIONAL DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; FC-GAMMA-RIII; T-LYMPHOCYTES; LOW-AFFINITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FUSION PROTEINS; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; MOLECULE CD2; RECEPTOR AB Alefacept is a chimeric protein combining CD58 immuno-globulin-like domain 1 with human IgG1 Fc. Alefacept mediates adhesion by bridging CD2 on T cells to activating Fc receptors on effector cells, but the equilibrium binding parameters have not been determined. Alefacept mediated T cell killing by NK cells and adhesion between CD2- and CD16-expressing cells at an optimum concentration of 100 nM. We introduce novel measurements with supported planer bilayers, from which key two-dimensional and three-dimensional parameters can be determined by data fitting. Alefacept competitively inhibited cell bilayer adhesion mediated by the CD2-CD58 interaction. Alefacept mediated maximal adhesion of CD2(+) T cells to CD16B, an Fc receptor, in planar bilayers at 500 nM. A mechanistic model for alefacept-mediated cell-bilayer adhesion allowed fitting of the data and determination of two-dimensional binding parameters. These included the density of bonds in the adhesion area, which grew to maintain a consistent average bond density of 200 molecules/mu m(2) and two-dimensional association constants of 3.1 and 630 mu m(2) for bivalently and monovalently bound forms of alefacept, respectively. The maximum number of CD16 bound and the fit value of 4,350 CD2 per cell are much lower than the 40,000 CD2 per cell measured with anti-CD2 Fab. These results suggest that additional information is needed to correctly predict Alefacept-mediated bridge formation. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Med Biol, Skirball Inst Biomol Med,Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dustin, ML (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Med Biol, Skirball Inst Biomol Med,Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM dustin@saturn.med.nyu.edu OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278; Dustin, Michael/0000-0003-4983-6389 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37-1 AI043542]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM035556] NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 48 BP 34748 EP 34757 DI 10.1074/jbc.M705616200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 234IR UT WOS:000251155200017 PM 17911103 ER PT J AU Mans, J Natarajan, K Balbo, A Schuck, P Eikel, D Hess, S Robinson, H Simic, H Jonjic, S Tiemessen, CT Margulies, DH AF Mans, Janet Natarajan, Kannan Balbo, Andrea Schuck, Peter Eikel, Daniel Hess, Sonja Robinson, Howard Simic, Hrvoje Jonjic, Stipan Tiemessen, Caroline T. Margulies, David H. TI Cellular expression and crystal structure of the murine cytomegalovirus major histocompatibility complex class I-like glycoprotein, m153 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MOUSE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; IMMUNE EVASION; MOLECULES; RECEPTOR; LIGAND; ACTIVATION; HOMOLOG AB Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a beta-herpesvirus that establishes latent and persistent infections in mice, is a valuable model for studying complex virus-host interactions. MCMV encodes the m145 family of putative immunoevasins with predicted major histocompatibility complex, class I (MHC-I) structure. Functions attributed to some family members include down-regulation of host MHC-I (m152) and NKG2D ligands (m145, m152, and m155) and interaction with inhibitory or activating NK receptors (m157). We present the cellular, biochemical, and structural characterization of m153, which is a heavily glycosylated homodimer, that does not require beta 2m or peptide and is expressed at the surface of MCMV-infected cells. Its 2.4-angstrom crystal structure confirms that this compact molecule preserves an MHC-I-like fold and reveals a novel mode of dimerization, confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis, and a distinctive disulfide-stabilized extended N terminus. The structure provides a useful framework for comparative analysis of the divergent members of the m145 family. C1 NIAID, Immunol Lab, Mol Biol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Prod Appl Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Proteome Explorat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Rijeka, Dept Histol & Embryol, Fac Med, Rijeka 51000, Croatia. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Virol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Margulies, DH (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, Mol Biol Sect, 10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dhm@nih.gov RI Margulies, David/H-7089-2013; Hess, Sonja/K-4842-2013; OI Hess, Sonja/0000-0002-5904-9816; Schuck, Peter/0000-0002-8859-6966; Margulies, David/0000-0001-8530-7375; Mans, Janet/0000-0001-6721-1177 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000622-16]; Wellcome Trust [, 076352] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 48 BP 35247 EP 35258 DI 10.1074/jbc.M706782200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 234IR UT WOS:000251155200069 PM 17897947 ER PT J AU Slepoy, A Peters, MD Thompson, AP AF Slepoy, A. Peters, M. D. Thompson, A. P. TI Searching for globally optimal functional forms for interatomic Potentials using genetic programming with parallel tempering SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE force field; interatomic potential; genetic programming ID FORCE-FIELD PARAMETERS; ALGORITHMS; SIMULATION; OPTIMIZATION AB Molecular dynamics and other molecular simulation methods rely on a potential energy function, based only on the relative coordinates of the atomic nuclei. Such a function, called a force field, approximately represents the electronic structure interactions of a condensed matter system. Developing such approximate functions and fitting their parameters remains an arduous, time-consuming process, relying on expert physical intuition. To address this problem, a functional programming methodology was developed that may enable automated discovery of entirely new force-field functional forms, while simultaneously fitting parameter values. The method uses a combination of genetic programming, Metropolis Monte Carlo importance sampling and parallel tempering, to efficiently search a large space of candidate functional forms and parameters. The methodology was tested using a nontrivial problem with a well-defined globally optimal solution: a small set of atomic configurations was generated and the energy of each configuration was calculated using the Lennard-Jones pair potential. Starting with a population of random functions, our fully automated, massively parallel implementation of the method reproducibly discovered the original Lennard-Jones pair potential by searching for several hours on 100 processors, sampling only a minuscule portion of the total search space. This result indicates that, with further improvement, the method may be suitable for unsupervised development of more accurate force fields with completely new functional forms. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thompson, AP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM athomps@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 15 BP 2465 EP 2471 DI 10.1002/jcc.20710 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226VU UT WOS:000250617400007 PM 17565499 ER PT J AU Darnell, G Orgel, JPRO Pahl, R Meredith, SC AF Darnell, Gregory Orgel, Joseph P. R. O. Pahl, Reinhard Meredith, Stephen C. TI Flanking polyproline sequences inhibit beta-sheet structure in polyglutamine segments by inducing PPII-like helix structure SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE huntingtin; polyglutamine; polyproline; amyloid; X-ray diffraction ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; SOLID-STATE NMR; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GGC REPEAT LENGTHS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AMYLOID FIBRILS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; POLYGLYCINE-II AB Polyglutamine (poly(Q)) expansion is associated with protein aggregation into beta-sheet amyloid fibrils and neuronal cytotoxicity. In the mutant poly(Q) protein huntingtin, associated with Huntington's disease, both aggregation and cytotoxicity may be abrogated by a polyproline (poly(P)) domain flanking the C terminus of the poly(Q) region. To understand structural changes that may occur with the addition of the poly(P) sequence, we synthesized poly(Q) peptides with 3-15 glutamine residues and a corresponding set of poly(Q) peptides flanked on the C terminus by 11 proline residues (poly(Q-poly(P)), as occurs in the huntingtin sequence. The shorter soluble poly(Q) peptides (three or six glutamine residues) showed polyproline type II-like (PPII)-like helix conformation when examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and were monomers as judged by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), while the longer poly(Q) peptides (nine or 15 glutamine residues) showed a beta-sheet conformation by CID and defined oligomers by SEC. Soluble poly(Q)-poly(P) peptides showed PPII-like content but SEC showed poorly defined, overlapping oligomeric peaks, and as judged by CD these peptides retained significant PPII-like structure with increasing poly(Q) length. More importantly, addition of the poly(P) domain increased the threshold for fibril formation to approximate to 15 glutamine residues. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and film CID showed that, while poly(Q) peptides with ! 6 glutamine residues formed beta-sheet-rich fibrils, only the longest poly(Q)-poly(P) peptide (15 glutamine residues) did so. From these and other observations, we propose that poly(Q) domains exist in a "tug-of-war" between two conformations, a PPII-like helix and a beta-sheet, while the poly(P) domain is conformationally constrained into a proline type 11 helix (PPII). Addition of poly(P) to the C terminus of a poly(Q) domain induces a PPII-like structure, which opposes the aggregation-prone beta-sheet. These structural observations may shed light on the threshold phenomenon of poly (Q) aggregation, and support the hypothesized evolution of "protective" poly(P) tracts adjacent to poly(Q) aggregation domains. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Beamline BIOCAT, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Beamline BIOCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Meredith, SC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM scmeredi@uchicago.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR07707, RR08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32GM07183]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS042852] NR 109 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 3 BP 688 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.023 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 237VF UT WOS:000251403800009 PM 17945257 ER PT J AU Ziebert, F Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS AF Ziebert, Falko Aranson, Igor S. Tsimring, Lev S. TI Effects of cross-links on motor-mediated filament organization SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIN-FILAMENTS; NETWORKS; MICROTUBULES; ELASTICITY; PATTERNS AB Cross-links and molecular motors play an important role in the organization of cytoskeletal filament networks. Here, we incorporate the effect of cross-links into our model of polar motor-filament organization (Aranson and Tsimring 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 050901), through suppressing the relative sliding of filaments in the course of motor-mediated alignment. We show that this modification leads to a nontrivial macroscopic behavior, namely the oriented state exhibits a transverse instability in contrast to the isotropic instability that occurs without cross-links. This transverse instability leads to the formation of dense extended bundles of oriented filaments, similar to the recently observed structures in actomyosin. This model can be also applied to situations with two oppositely directed motor species or motors with different processing speeds. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM aronson@msd.anl.gov RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 421 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/11/421 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 239QW UT WOS:000251533800006 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Watson, JE Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Zheng, Y Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Lista, L Monorchio, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gagliardi, N Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Calderini, G Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Cervelli, A Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Biesiada, J Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Baracchini, E Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Renga, F Voena, C Ebert, M Hartmann, T Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Castelli, G Franek, B Olaiya, EO Ricciardi, S Roethel, W Wilson, FF Emery, S Escalier, M Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kaminski, J Kelsey, MH Kim, H Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ofte, I Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Wagner, AP Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Ruland, AM Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Milanes, DA Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Gershon, TJ Harrison, PF Ilic, J Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Tico, J. Garra Grauges, E. Lopez, L. Palano, A. Pappagallo, M. Eigen, G. Stugu, B. Sun, L. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Osipenkov, I. L. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Tanabe, T. Wenzel, W. A. del Amo Sanchez, P. Hawkes, C. M. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Pelizaeus, M. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Saleem, M. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu. Bondioli, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Zhang, L. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Andreassen, R. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Gabareen, A. M. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Klose, V. Kobel, M. J. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Lombardo, V. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Watson, J. E. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cecchi, A. Cibinetto, G. Franchini, P. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Santoro, V. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Vazquez, W. Panduro Tibbetts, M. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gao, Y. Y. Gritsan, A. V. Guo, Z. J. Lae, C. K. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Bequilleux, J. D'Orazio, A. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hoecker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Sordini, V. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Bingham, I. Burke, J. P. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Paramesvaran, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Anderson, J. Chen, C. Jawahery, A. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Tuggle, J. M. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Dujmic, D. Fisher, P. H. Koeneke, K. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Zhao, M. Zheng, Y. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. Knoepfel, K. J. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Honscheid, K. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gagliardi, N. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Calderini, G. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Prendki, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Manoni, E. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Baracchini, E. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Renga, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Hartmann, T. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. CA BaBar Collaboration TI Observation of the decay B+-> K+K-pi(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We report the observation of charmless hadronic decays of charged B mesons to the final state K+K-pi(+). Using a data sample of 347.5 fb(-1) collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector, we observe 429 +/- 43 signal events with a significance of 9.6 sigma. We measure the inclusive branching fraction B(B+-> K+K-pi(+))=[5.0 +/- 0.5(stat)+/- 0.5(syst)]x10(-6). Inspection of the Dalitz plot of signal candidates shows a broad structure peaking near 1.5 GeV/c(2) in the K+K- invariant mass distribution. We find the direct CP asymmetry to be consistent with zero. C1 IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 221801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.221801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500015 ER PT J AU Culcer, D Winkler, R AF Culcer, Dimitrie Winkler, R. TI Generation of spin currents and spin densities in systems with reduced symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-CURRENT; POLARIZATION AB We show that the spin-current response of a semiconductor crystal to an external electric field is considerably more complex than previously assumed. While in systems of high symmetry only the spin-Hall components are allowed, in systems of lower symmetry other non-spin-Hall components may be present. We argue that, when spin-orbit interactions are present only in the band structure, the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the spin current is not useful. We show that the generation of spin currents and that of spin densities in an electric field are closely related, and that our general theory provides a systematic way to distinguish between them in experiment. We discuss also the meaning of vertex corrections in systems with spin-orbit interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Culcer, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 226601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.226601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500044 PM 18233307 ER PT J AU Fernandes, P Barois, P Wang, ST Liu, ZQ Mccoy, BK Huang, CC Pindak, R Caliebe, W Nguyen, HT AF Fernandes, P. Barois, P. Wang, S. T. Liu, Z. Q. McCoy, B. K. Huang, C. C. Pindak, R. Caliebe, W. Nguyen, H. T. TI Polarization studies of resonant forbidden reflections in liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ACHIRAL MOLECULES; DIFFRACTION; BROMATE; PHASES AB We report the results of resonant x-ray diffraction experiments performed on thick films of a biaxial liquid crystal made of achiral bent-core molecules. Polarization properties of forbidden reflections are observed as a function of the sample rotation angle phi about the scattering vector Q for the first time on a fluid material. The experimental data are successfully analyzed within a tensor structure factor model by taking the nonperfect alignment of the liquid crystal into account. The local structure of the B(2) mesophase is hence determined to be SmC(S)P(A). C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernandes, P (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, CNRS, Ave A Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France. RI Fernandes, Paulo/B-9747-2009 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 227801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500066 PM 18233329 ER PT J AU Fu, CL Krcmar, M Painter, GS Chen, XQ AF Fu, C. L. Krcmar, Maja Painter, G. S. Chen, Xing-Qiu TI Vacancy mechanism of high oxygen solubility and nucleation of stable oxygen-enriched clusters in Fe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERRITIC ALLOYS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ENERGY AB First-principles studies identify a vacancy mechanism underlying the unusually high O solubility and nucleation of stable O-enriched nanoclusters in defect-containing Fe. Oxygen, confined as an interstitial, shows an exceptionally high affinity for vacancies, an effect enhanced by spin polarization. If vacancies preexist, the O-vacancy pair formation energy essentially vanishes, allowing the O concentration to approach that of the vacancies. This O-vacancy mechanism enables the nucleation of O-enriched nanoclusters, that attract solutes with high O affinities (Ti and Y) and strengthen Fe-based alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Phys, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Fu, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500032 PM 18233295 ER PT J AU Hilton, DJ Prasankumar, RP Fourmaux, S Cavalleri, A Brassard, D El Khakani, MA Kieffer, JC Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Hilton, D. J. Prasankumar, R. P. Fourmaux, S. Cavalleri, A. Brassard, D. El Khakani, M. A. Kieffer, J. C. Taylor, A. J. Averitt, R. D. TI Enhanced photosusceptibility near T-c for the light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VO2; CONDUCTIVITY; FILM AB We use optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy to investigate the near-threshold behavior of the photoinduced insulator-to-metal (IM) transition in vanadium dioxide thin films. Upon approaching T-c a reduction in the fluence required to drive the IM transition is observed, consistent with a softening of the insulating state due to an increasing metallic volume fraction (below the percolation limit). This phase coexistence facilitates the growth of a homogeneous metallic conducting phase following superheating via photoexcitation. A simple dynamic model using Bruggeman effective medium theory describes the observed initial condition sensitivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Quebec, INRS Energie & Mat & Telecommun, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Hilton, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, 1530 3rd Ave S,Campbell Hall 310, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Hilton, David/E-4929-2010; Brassard, Daniel/E-2355-2011 OI Brassard, Daniel/0000-0001-5183-6455 NR 25 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 66 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 226401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.226401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500042 PM 18233305 ER PT J AU Liu, J Trivedi, N Lee, YB Harmon, BN Schmalian, J AF Liu, Jun Trivedi, Nandini Lee, Yongbin Harmon, B. N. Schmalian, Joerg TI Quantum phases in a doped mott insulator on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN SYSTEM SRCU2(BO3)(2); DIMER GROUND-STATE; MAGNETIZATION PLATEAUS; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITIONS AB We propose the projected BCS wave function as the ground state for the doped Mott insulator SrCu(2)(BO(3))(2) on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice. At half filling this wave function yields the exact ground state. Adding mobile charge carriers, we find a strong asymmetry between electron and hole doping. Upon electron doping an unusual metal with strong valence bond correlations forms. Hole doped systems are d-wave resonating valence bond superconductors in which superconductivity is strongly enhanced by the emergence of spatially varying plaquette bond order. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Liu, Jun/F-1240-2014 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 227003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500054 PM 18233317 ER PT J AU Lu, JQ Zhang, XG Pantelides, ST AF Lu, Jun-Qiang Zhang, X. -G. Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Standing friedel waves: A quantum probe of electronic states in nanoscale devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTING SYSTEM; OSCILLATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTORS; SURFACE AB We report a theoretical study of the dynamic response of electrons in a metallic nanowire or a two-dimensional electron gas under a capacitively coupled "spot gate" driven by an ac voltage. A dynamic standing Friedel wave (SFW) is formed near the spot gate and near edges and boundaries, analogous to the static Friedel oscillations near defects. The SFW wavelength is controlled by the ac voltage frequency and the device's Fermi velocity, whereby the latter can be measured. In addition, the SFW amplitude exhibits resonant behavior at driving frequencies that are related to eigenenergy spacings in the device, allowing their direct measurement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lu, JQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI LU, JUN-QIANG/B-9511-2008 OI LU, JUN-QIANG/0000-0002-0758-9925 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 226804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.226804 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500051 PM 18233314 ER PT J AU Picozzi, S Yamauchi, K Sanyal, B Sergienko, IA Dagotto, E AF Picozzi, S. Yamauchi, K. Sanyal, B. Sergienko, I. A. Dagotto, E. TI Dual nature of improper ferroelectricity in a magnetoelectric multiferroic SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; PEROVSKITE; MAGNETISM; SPECTRA AB Using first-principles calculations, we study the microscopic origin of ferroelectricity (FE) induced by magnetic order in the orthorhombic HoMnO(3). We obtain the largest ferroelectric polarization observed in the whole class of improper magnetic ferroelectrics to date. We find that the two proposed mechanisms for FE in multiferroics, lattice and electronic based, are simultaneously active in this compound: a large portion of the ferroelectric polarization arises due to quantum-mechanical effects of electron orbital polarization, in addition to the conventional polar atomic displacements. An interesting mechanism for switching the magnetoelectric domains by an electric field via a 180 degrees coherent rotation of Mn spins is also proposed. C1 INFM, CNR, CASTI Reg Lab, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Theoret Magnetism Grp, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Picozzi, S (reprint author), INFM, CNR, CASTI Reg Lab, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. RI Yamauchi, Kunihiko/A-6324-2009; Picozzi, Silvia/E-2374-2011; Yamauchi, Kunihiko/E-5833-2010 OI Picozzi, Silvia/0000-0002-3232-788X; Yamauchi, Kunihiko/0000-0003-4164-4569 NR 28 TC 198 Z9 200 U1 7 U2 85 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 227201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500055 PM 18233318 ER PT J AU Sheehy, DE Schmalian, J AF Sheehy, Daniel E. Schmalian, Joerg TI Quantum critical scaling in graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB We show that the emergent relativistic symmetry of electrons in graphene near its quantum critical point (QCP) implies a crucial importance of the Coulomb interaction. We derive scaling laws, valid near the QCP, that dictate the nontrivial magnetic and charge response of interacting graphene. Our analysis yields numerous predictions for how the Coulomb interaction will be manifested in experimental observables such as the diamagnetic response and electronic compressibility. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sheehy, DE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011 NR 26 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 226803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.226803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500050 PM 18233313 ER PT J AU Sinitsyn, NA Nemenman, I AF Sinitsyn, N. A. Nemenman, Ilya TI Universal geometric theory of mesoscopic stochastic pumps and reversible ratchets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; MOLECULAR MOTORS; BROWNIAN MOTORS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TRANSPORT; PHASE AB We construct a unifying theory of geometric effects in mesoscopic stochastic kinetics. We demonstrate that the adiabatic pump and the reversible ratchet effects, as well as similar new phenomena in other domains, such as in epidemiology, all follow from very similar geometric phase contributions to the effective action in the stochastic path integral representation of the moment generating function. The theory provides the universal technique for identification, prediction, and calculation of pumplike phenomena in an arbitrary mesoscopic stochastic framework. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinitsyn, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nsinitsyn@lanl.gov; nemenman@lanl.gov RI Sinitsyn, nikolai/B-5617-2009 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 220408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.220408 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500008 PM 18233271 ER PT J AU Wang, F Cho, DJ Kessler, B Deslippe, J Schuck, PJ Louie, SG Zettl, A Heinz, TF Shen, YR AF Wang, Feng Cho, David J. Kessler, Brian Deslippe, Jack Schuck, P. James Louie, Steven G. Zettl, Alex Heinz, Tony F. Shen, Y. Ron TI Observation of excitons in one-dimensional metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB Excitons are generally believed not to exist in metals because of strong screening by free carriers. Here we demonstrate that excitonic states can in fact be produced in metallic systems of a one-dimensional character. Using metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes as a model system, we show both experimentally and theoretically that electron-hole pairs form tightly bound excitons. The exciton binding energy of 50 meV, deduced from optical absorption spectra of individual metallic nanotubes, significantly exceeds that of excitons in most bulk semiconductors and agrees well with ab initio theoretical predictions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kessler, Brian/A-2908-2008; bartelsdoe, ludwig/F-8008-2011; Heinz, Tony/K-7797-2015; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 OI Heinz, Tony/0000-0003-1365-9464; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; NR 25 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 227401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500062 PM 18233325 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Kirchner, S Bulla, R Si, QM AF Zhu, Jian-Xin Kirchner, Stefan Bulla, Ralf Si, Qimiao TI Zero-temperature magnetic transition in an easy-axis kondo lattice model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPATIAL CORRELATIONS; HEAVY; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; METALS AB We address the quantum transition of a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice model with an easy-axis anisotropy using the extended dynamical mean field theory. We derive results in real frequency by using the bosonic numerical renormalization group (BNRG) method and compare them with quantum Monte Carlo results in Matsubara frequency. The BNRG results show a logarithmic divergence in the critical local spin susceptibility, signaling a destruction of Kondo screening. The T=0 transition is consistent with being second order. The BNRG results also display some subtle features; we identify their origin and suggest means for further microscopic studies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kirchner, Stefan/L-5971-2013; OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 22 AR 227204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.227204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 236TY UT WOS:000251327500058 PM 18233321 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM van Soest, MC AF Kennedy, B. Mack van Soest, Matthijs C. TI Flow of mantle fluids through the ductile lower crust: Helium isotope trends SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; RANGE PROVINCE; BASIN; TECTONICS; NEVADA; ORIGIN; SYSTEM; FLUXES; RIFT AB Heat and mass are injected into the shallow crust when mantle fluids are able to flow through the ductile lower crust. Minimum He-3/He-4 ratios in surface fluids from the northern Basin and Range Province, western North America, increase systematically from low crustal values in the east to high mantle values in the west, a regional trend that correlates with the rates of active crustal deformation. The highest ratios occur where the extension and shear strain rates are greatest. The correspondence of helium isotope ratios and active transtensional deformation indicates a deformation-enhanced permeability and that mantle fluids can penetrate the ductile lithosphere, even in regions where there is no substantial magmatism. Superimposed on the regional trend are local, high He-3/He-4 anomalies indicating hidden magmatic activity and/or deep fluid production with locally enhanced permeability, identifying zones with high resource potential, particularly for geothermal energy development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Noble Gas Geochem & Geochronol Lab, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmkennedy@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5855 BP 1433 EP 1436 DI 10.1126/science.1147537 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235PF UT WOS:000251246100040 PM 18048684 ER PT J AU Eswaramoorthy, SK Howe, JM Muralidharan, G AF Eswaramoorthy, Santhana K. Howe, James M. Muralidharan, Govindarajan TI In situ determination of the nanoscale chemistry and behavior of solid-liquid systems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ALLOY PARTICLES; INTERFACE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB Many fundamental questions in crystal-growth behavior remain unanswered because of the difficulties encountered in simultaneously observing phases and determining elemental concentrations and redistributions while crystals nucleate and grow at the nanoscale. We show that these obstacles can be overcome by performing energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy on partially molten Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy particles during in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope. Using this technique, we were able to (i) determine that the aluminum and silicon concentrations change in a complementary and symmetric manner about the solid-liquid interface as a function of temperature; (ii) directly measure the solid- and liquid-phase compositions at equilibrium and in highly undercooled conditions for quantitative comparison with thermodynamic calculations of the liquidus and solidus phase boundaries; and (iii) provide direct evidence for homogeneous nucleation of the aluminum-rich solid. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Howe, JM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 140 Chem Dr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jh9s@virginia.edu RI Muralidharan, Govindarajan/J-6155-2015; ESWARA MOORTHY, Santhana/E-9143-2010 OI ESWARA MOORTHY, Santhana/0000-0003-4151-2304 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5855 BP 1437 EP 1440 DI 10.1126/science.1146511 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235PF UT WOS:000251246100041 PM 18048685 ER PT J AU Sorek, R Zhu, YW Creevey, CJ Francino, MP Bork, P Rubin, EM AF Sorek, Rotem Zhu, Yiwen Creevey, Christopher J. Francino, M. Pilar Bork, Peer Rubin, Edward M. TI Genome-wide experimental determination of barriers to horizontal gene transfer SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EVOLUTION; DNA; TREE AB Horizontal gene transfer, in which genetic material is transferred from the genome of one organism to that of another, has been investigated in microbial species mainly through computational sequence analyses. To address the lack of experimental data, we studied the attempted movement of 246,045 genes from 79 prokaryotic genomes into Escherichia coli and identified genes that consistently fail to transfer. We studied the mechanisms underlying transfer inhibition by placing coding regions from different species under the control of inducible promoters. Our data suggest that toxicity to the host inhibited transfer regardless of the species of origin and that increased gene dosage and associated increased expression may be a predominant cause for transfer failure. Although these experimental studies examined transfer solely into E. coli, a computational analysis of gene-transfer rates across available bacterial and archaeal genomes supports that the barriers observed in our study are general across the tree of life. C1 Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Mol Biol Lab, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM EMRubin@lbl.gov RI Creevey, Chris/A-1836-2013; Bork, Peer/F-1813-2013; Francino, M. Pilar/H-9090-2015 OI Creevey, Chris/0000-0001-7183-1555; Bork, Peer/0000-0002-2627-833X; Francino, M. Pilar/0000-0002-4510-5653 NR 19 TC 188 Z9 195 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5855 BP 1449 EP 1452 DI 10.1126/science.1147112 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235PF UT WOS:000251246100045 PM 17947550 ER PT J AU Dey, A Francis, EJ Adams, MWW Babini, E Takahashi, Y Fukuyama, K Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, Abhishek Jenney, Francis E., Jr. Adams, Michael W. W. Babini, Elena Takahashi, Yasuhiro Fukuyama, Keiichi Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI Solvent tuning of electrochemical potentials in the active sites of HiPIP versus ferredoxin SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; K-EDGE XAS; REDOX POTENTIALS; FE4S4 CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; CHEMICAL-PROCESSES; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; DFT CALCULATIONS AB A persistent puzzle in the field of biological electron transfer is the conserved iron-sulfur cluster motif in both high potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) and ferredoxin (Fd) active sites. Despite this structural similarity, HiPIPs react oxidatively at physiological potentials, whereas Fds are reduced. Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy uncovers the substantial influence of hydration on this variation in reactivity. Fe-S covalency is much lower in natively hydrated Fd active sites than in HiPIPs but increases upon water removal; similarly, HiPIP covalency decreases when unfolding exposes an otherwise hydrophobically shielded active site to water. Studies on model compounds and accompanying density functional theory calculations support a correlation of Fe-S covalency with ease of oxidation and therefore suggest that hydration accounts for most of the difference between Fd and HiPIP reduction potentials. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Bologna, I-47023 Cesena, Italy. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Takahashi, Yasuhiro /F-1119-2011; Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR-001209, RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 60329] NR 41 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5855 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1126/science.1147753 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235PF UT WOS:000251246100050 PM 18048692 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Streets, DG He, K Wang, Y Richter, A Burrows, JP Uno, I Jang, CJ Chen, D Yao, Z Lei, Y AF Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. He, Kebin Wang, Yuxuan Richter, Andreas Burrows, John P. Uno, Itsushi Jang, Carey J. Chen, Dan Yao, Zhiliang Lei, Yu TI NOx emission trends for China, 1995-2004: The view from the ground and the view from space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TROPOSPHERIC NO2; GOME-SATELLITE DATA; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; FUEL COMBUSTION; CO2 EMISSIONS; ASIA; INVENTORIES; SO2 AB A rapid increase of NO2 columns over China has been observed by satellite instruments in recent years. We present a 10-a regional trend of NOx emissions in China from 1995 to 2004 using a bottom-up methodology and compare the emission trends with the NO2 column trends observed from GOME and SCIAMACHY, the two spaceborne instruments. We use a dynamic methodology to reflect the dramatic change in China's NOx emissions caused by energy growth and technology renewal. We use a scenario analysis approach to identify the possible sources of uncertainties in the current bottom-up inventory, in comparison with the satellite observation data. Our best estimates for China's NOx emissions are 10.9 Tg in 1995 and 18.6 Tg in 2004, increasing by 70% during the period considered. NOx emissions and satellite-based NO2 columns show broad agreement in temporal evolution and spatial distribution. Both the emission inventory data and the satellite observations indicate a continuous and accelerating growth rate between 1996 and 2004 over east central China. However, the growth rate from the emission inventory is lower than that from the satellite observations. From 1996 to 2004, NOx emissions over the region increased by 61% according to the inventory, while a 95% increase in the NO2 columns measured by satellite was observed during the same period. We found good agreement during summertime but a large discrepancy during wintertime. The consistency between the summertime trends suggests that the bias cannot be due to systematic error of activity data or emission factors. The reasons for the discrepancy cannot yet be fully identified, but possible explanations include an underestimation in seasonal emission variations, variability of meteorology, NOx injection height, and the increasing trend of sulfate aerosols. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RI Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; lei, yu/D-3274-2016 OI Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; NR 84 TC 231 Z9 261 U1 21 U2 113 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22306 DI 10.1029/2007JD008684 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 237AX UT WOS:000251346100002 ER PT J AU Valiev, M Yang, J Adams, JA Taylor, SS Weare, JH AF Valiev, Marat Yang, Jie Adams, Joseph A. Taylor, Susan S. Weare, John H. TI Phosphorylation reaction in cAPK protein kinase-free energy quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CAMP-DEPENDENT KINASE; BARRIER HYDROGEN-BONDS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; AB-INITIO QM/MM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; TRANSITION-STATE; TYROSINE KINASE; ACTIVE-SITE; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS AB We present results of a theoretical analysis of the phosphorylation reaction in cAMP-dependent protein kinase using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. Detailed analysis of the reaction pathway is provided using a novel QM/MM implementation of the nudged elastic band method, finite temperature fluctuations of the protein environment are taken into account using free energy calculations, and an analysis of hydrogen bond interactions is performed on the basis of calculated frequency shifts. The late transfer of the substrate proton to the conserved aspartate (D166), the activation free energy of 15 kcal/ mol, and the slightexothermic (-3 kcal/mol) character of the reaction are all consistent with the experimental data. The near attack conformation of D166 in the reactant state is maintained by interactions with threonine-201, asparagine-177, and most notably by a conserved water molecule serving as a strong structural link between the primary metal ion and the D166. The secondary Mg ion acts as a Lewis acid, attacking the beta-gamma bridging oxygen of ATP. This interaction, along with a strong hydrogen bond between the D166 and the substrate, contributes to the stabilization of the transition state. Lys-168 maintains a hydrogen bond to a transferring phosphoryl group throughout a reaction process. This interaction increases in the product state and contributes to its stabilization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Sci Software Grp, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Valiev, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Sci Software Grp, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM019301, GM67969, NIH-GM19301] NR 63 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 47 BP 13455 EP 13464 DI 10.1021/jp074853q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 234DM UT WOS:000251140900015 PM 17983217 ER PT J AU Bradley, CA McMurdo, MJ Tilley, TD AF Bradley, Christopher A. McMurdo, Meredith J. Tilley, T. Don TI Selective catalytic cyclohexene oxidation using titanium-functionalized silicone nanospheres SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PRECURSOR ROUTE; AQUEOUS HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; STATE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MAO-TYPE COCATALYSTS; ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION; POLY(ORGANOSILOXANE) MICROGELS; TITANOSILICATE CATALYSTS; METALLOCENE CATALYSTS; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; SUPPORT MATERIALS AB Synthesis of methyl silicone-substituted nanospheres was accomplished by an emulsion condensation polymerization of methyltrimethoxysilane using conventional stirring. The spheres, ranging from 14 to 20 nm in diameter, are soluble in a variety of organic solvents and exhibit high surface areas for materials in this size regime. Silanol groups on the particles undergo reaction with titanium isopropoxide to give site-isolated, four-coordinate titanium centers, as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. Grafting of Ti((OPr)-Pr-i)(4) onto the spheres yields a material competent in the selective epoxidation of cyclohexene using both cumene and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidants. The nanospheres represent a support material that can be functionalized much like related oxide surfaces to give site-isolated oxidation catalysts with activities and selectivities superior to those of comparable homogeneous systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@berkeley.edu NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 47 BP 17570 EP 17579 DI 10.1021/jp074512c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 234DO UT WOS:000251141100019 ER EF