FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Spanos, G Geltmacher, AB Lewis, AC Bingert, JF Mehl, M Papaconstantopoulos, D Mishin, Y Gupta, A Matic, P AF Spanos, G. Geltmacher, A. B. Lewis, A. C. Bingert, J. F. Mehl, M. Papaconstantopoulos, D. Mishin, Y. Gupta, A. Matic, P. TI A methodology to aid in the design of naval steels: Linking first principles calculations to mesoscale modeling SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE materials design; atomistic modeling; embedded atom method (EAM); three-dimensional (3D) analysis; finite element modeling (FEM); austenitic stainless steels ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; STAINLESS-STEEL; INTERGRANULAR CRACKING; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; NOBLE-METALS; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIZATION; DEFORMATION AB This paper provides a brief overview of a multidisciplinary effort at the Naval Research Laboratory aimed at developing a computationally-based methodology to assist in the design of advanced Naval steels. This program uses multiple computational techniques ranging from the atomistic length scale to continuum response. First-principles electronic structure calculations using density functional theory were employed, semi-empirical angular dependent potentials were developed based on the embedded atom method, and these potentials were used as input into Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental techniques have also been applied to a super-austenitic stainless steel (AL6XN) to provide experimental input, guidance, verification, and enhancements to the models. These experimental methods include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and serial sectioning in conjunction with computer-based three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative analyses. The experimental results are also used as critical input into mesoscale finite element models of materials response. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.spanos@nrl.navy.mil RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 452 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.110 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 156HX UT WOS:000245639800077 ER PT J AU McCabe, C Golab, JT Cummings, PT AF McCabe, Clare Golab, Joseph T. Cummings, Peter T. TI Third foundations of Molecular Modeling and Simulation conference FOMMS 2006 SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. INEOS Technol, Nitriles R&D, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McCabe, C (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1080/08927020701236995 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165KN UT WOS:000246304500001 ER PT J AU Payne, CM Zhao, X Cummings, PT AF Payne, C. M. Zhao, X. Cummings, P. T. TI Molecular simulations of DNA transport in solution SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundations of Molecular Modeling and Simulation (FOMMS) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Blaine, WA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers Computat Mole Sci & Engn Forum DE molecular dynamics; DNA; electrophoresis; genome sequencing ID EMPIRICAL FORCE-FIELD; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; CONDUCTANCE; ALGORITHMS; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM; RNA AB A proposed novel nanotechnology concept utilizes tunneling conductance measurements across nanoelectrodes to identify individual nucleotides as a DNA strand crosses its path. Such a device offers the possibility of unprecedented rapidity in the detection of DNA sequences. Preliminary simulations of this device have indicated that single-stranded (ss)-DNA sequences behave differently depending on the location of the molecule within the device. Motivated by the similarity of the comparison of the transport properties of the ss-DNA molecule in bulk solution to experimental capillary electrophoresis data, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ss-DNA and double-stranded (ds)-DNA in free solution to directly compare electrophoretic mobility as calculated by simulation. Drift velocity at the lowest magnitude applied electric field was consistent with expected experimental data; however, at the larger applied fields necessary under timescale constraints, drift velocity appeared inconsistent with extrapolated experimental values. The simulated electrophoretic mobility values resulting from the drift velocity calculations were also smaller than experiment. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanomat Theory Inst, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Payne, CM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM christina.payne@vanderbilt.edu RI Payne, Christina/C-7338-2011; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Payne, Christina/0000-0001-5264-0964; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1080/08927020601154355 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165KN UT WOS:000246304500013 ER PT J AU Sviratcheva, KD Draayer, JP Vary, JP AF Sviratcheva, K. D. Draayer, J. P. Vary, J. P. TI Global properties of f p-shell interactions in many-nucleon systems SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE comparison of interactions; isovector pairing; quadrupole features; effective interactions; realistic potentials; spectral distribution theory; Sp(4) dynamical symmetry ID SYMPLECTIC COLLECTIVE MODEL; REALISTIC EFFECTIVE INTERACTIONS; S-D SHELL; STATISTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS; BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS; STRENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS; EXCITATION STRENGTHS; ENERGY CENTROIDS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Spectral distribution theory, which can be used to compare microscopic interactions over a broad range of nuclei, is applied in an analysis of two modern effective interactions based on the realistic CD-Bonn potential for Oh Omega no-core shell model calculations in the fp shell, as well as in a comparison of these with the realistic shell-model GXPF1 interaction. In particular, we explore the ability of these interaction to account for the development of isovector pairing correlations and collective rotational motion in the fp shell. Our findings expose the similarities of these two-body interactions, especially as this relates to their pairing and rotational characteristics. Further, the GXPF1 interaction is used to determine the strength parameter of a quadrupole term that can be used to augment an isovector-pairing model interaction with Sp(4) dynamical symmetry, which in turn is shown to yield reasonable agreement with the low-lying energy spectra of Ni-58 and Cu-58. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sviratcheva, KD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kristina@baton.phys.lsu.edu NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 786 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.087 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 162WL UT WOS:000246120100003 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K Gelis, F McLeffan, L AF Fukushima, Kenji Gelis, Francois McLeffan, Larry TI Initial singularity of the little bang SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; STRONG EXTERNAL SOURCES; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SMALL-X; FIELD; INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION AB The Color Glass Condensate (CGC) predicts the form of the nuclear wavefunction in QCD at very small x. Using this, we compute the wavefunction for the collision of two nuclei, infinitesimally in the forward light cone. We show that the Wigner transformation of this wavefunction generates rapidity dependent fluctuations around the boost invariant classical solution which describe the glasma in the forward light cone. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, CNRS, URA 2306,Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukushima, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fuku@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 59 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 786 BP 107 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.086 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 162WL UT WOS:000246120100007 ER PT J AU Jurelo, AR Andrade, S Jardim, RF Fonseca, FC Torikachvili, MS Lacerda, AH Ben-Dor, L AF Jurelo, A. R. Andrade, S. Jardim, R. F. Fonseca, F. C. Torikachvili, M. S. Lacerda, A. H. Ben-Dor, L. TI Effect of Ir substitution in the ferromagnetic superconductor RuSr2GdCu2O8 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetic superconductors; ruthenocuprate superconductor; high-T-c ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION; COEXISTENCE; CUPRATE; GD AB A detailed study of the effect caused by the partial substitution of Ru by Ir on the magnetic and superconducting properties of the ruthenocuprate Ru1-xIrxSr2GdCu2O8; 0 <= x <= 0.10; is presented. The combined experimental results of structural, electrical, and magnetic measurements indicate that Ir substitutes Ru for x <= 0.10 with no significant structural distortions. Ir-doping gradually suppresses both the magnetic and the superconducting states. However, all samples were observed to attain the zero-resistance state at temperatures >= 2 K up to the highest applied magnetic field of 18 T. The resistive upper-critical field H,2 as a function of temperature has been determined for these polycrystalline samples. Values of H-c2(0) were found to be similar to 52 T, and weakly dependent on the Ir concentration. We have also observed that the superconducting transition width decreases and the slope of the resistive transition increases with increasing Ir doping, a feature which is much more pronounced at high applied magnetic fields. The double-peak structure observed in the derivative of the resistive curves has been related to an inhomogeneous nature of the physical grains which is enhanced due to the Ru substitution by Ir. This indicates that the Josephson-junction-array (JJA) model seems to be appropriated to describe the superconducting state in these ruthenocuprates. The low temperature p(T) data along with the determined vortex thermal activation energy are consistent with a 2D vortex dynamics in these materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. IPEN, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Estadual Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil. RP Jardim, RF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM rjardim@if.usp.br RI Fonseca, Fabio/C-8361-2009; Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014 OI Fonseca, Fabio/0000-0003-0708-2021; Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 454 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.004 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159MM UT WOS:000245870100006 ER PT J AU Burr, T Koster, F Picard, R Forslund, D Wokoun, D Joyce, E Brillman, J Froman, P Lee, J AF Burr, Tom Koster, Frederick Picard, Rick Forslund, Dave Wokoun, Doug Joyce, Ed Brillman, Judith Froman, Phil Lee, Jack TI Computer-aided diagnosis with potential application to rapid detection of disease outbreaks SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Symposium on Statistical Methods CY 2007 CL Washington, DC SP CDC, ATSDR, Washington Statist Soc, Rutgers Univ, Ctr Discrete Math & Comp Sci, SAG, Statist Advisory Grp DE Bayes classifier; iterative proportional fitting; biosurveillance; misdiagnosis rates ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORK; INHALATION ANTHRAX; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; BIOTERRORISM; SURVEILLANCE; FEATURES; CARE; PERFORMANCE; MEDICINE AB Our objectives are to quickly interpret symptoms of emergency patients to identify likely syndromes and to improve population-wide disease outbreak detection. We constructed a database A 248 syndromes, each syndrome having an estimated probability of producing any of 85 symptoms, with some two-way, three-way, and five-way probabilities reflecting correlations among symptoms. Using these multiway probabilities in conjunction with an iterative proportional fitting algorithm allows; estimation of full conditional probabilities. Combining these conditional probabilities with misdiagnosis error rates and incidence rates via Bayes theorem, the probability of each syndrome is estimated. We tested a prototype of computer-aided differential diagnosis (CADDY) on simulated data and on more than 100 real cases, including West Nile Virus, Q fever, SARS, anthrax, plague, tularaemia and toxic shock cases. We conclude that: (1) it is important to determine whether the unrecorded positive status of a symptom means that the status is negative or that the status is unknown; (2) inclusion of misdiagnosis error rates produces more realistic results; (3) the naive Bayes classifier, which assumes all symptoms behave independently, is slightly outperformed by CADDY, which includes available multi-symptom information on correlations; as more information regarding symptom correlations becomes available, the advantage of CADDY over the naive Bayes classifier should increase; (4) overlooking low-probability, high-con sequence events is less likely if the standard output summary is augmented with a list of rare syndromes that are consistent with observed symptoms, and (5) accumulating patient-level probabilities across a larger population can aid in biosurveillance for disease outbreaks. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Albuquerque Ambulance Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov OI Forslund, David/0000-0002-6534-3392 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1857 EP 1874 DI 10.1002/sim.2798 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 149JI UT WOS:000245142800017 PM 17225213 ER PT J AU Anderson, DN Fagan, DK Suarez, R Hayes, JC McIntyre, JI AF Anderson, Dale N. Fagan, Deborah K. Suarez, Rey Hayes, Jim C. McIntyre, Justin I. TI Sensor analytics: radioactive gas concentration estimation and error propagation SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radioactive gas; concentration estimation; error propagation AB This paper develops a statistical representation of the process of estimating the number of radioactive atoms in a sample of gas. The modeled process is composed of three steps: air sampling, gas separations and acquisition of a radioactive spectrum. The statistical representation of these component steps is derived from limits of first-order probability models of the components. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anderson, DN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-07, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dale.anderson@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 77 IS 8 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2006.11.014 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 163AO UT WOS:000246131000002 ER PT J AU Rickert, PG Stepinski, DC Rausch, DJ Bergeron, RM Jakab, S Dietz, ML AF Rickert, Paul G. Stepinski, Dominique C. Rausch, David J. Bergeron, Ruth M. Jakab, Sandrine Dietz, Mark L. TI Solute-induced dissolution of hydrophobic ionic liquids in water SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; crown ether; neutral organophosphorus extractant; solubility ID AQUEOUS SULFURIC ACID; METAL-IONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; LIQUID/LIQUID EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; FACILITATED TRANSFER; IMIDAZOLIUM SALTS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITRIC-ACID; SEPARATION AB Significant solubilization of ostensibly water-immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) in acidic aqueous phases is induced by the presence of any of a variety of neutral extractants, the apparent result of the formation of the protonated form of the extractant and its subsequent exchange for the cationic component of the IL. The extent of this solubilization is shown to diminish with increasing hydrophobicity of the IL cation and decreasing extractant basicity. These observations raise concerns as to the viability of ILs as "drop in replacements" for traditional organic solvents in the solvent extraction of metal ions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Amer Analyt Sci, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mdietz@anl.gov RI COSTENOBLE, SANDRINE/C-3077-2016 OI COSTENOBLE, SANDRINE/0000-0002-8972-4472 NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.10.033 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 164IB UT WOS:000246225900046 PM 19071621 ER PT J AU Dai, ZX Wolfsberg, A Lu, ZM Reimus, P AF Dai, Zhenxue Wolfsberg, Andrew Lu, Zhiming Reimus, Paul TI Upscaling matrix diffusion coefficients for heterogeneous fractured rocks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; SINGLE FRACTURE; TRACER TESTS; MODEL; FLOW AB The scale dependence of the matrix diffusion coefficient (D-m) for fractured media has been observed at variable scales from column experiments to field tracer tests. In this paper, we derive an effective D-m for multimodal heterogeneous fractured rocks using characteristic distributions of matrix properties and volume averaging of the mass transfer coefficient. The effective field-scale D-m is dependent on the statistics (geometric mean, variance, and integral scale) of laboratory-scale ln(D-m) and on the domain size. The effective D-m increases with the integral scales and is larger than the geometric mean of ln(D-m). Monte Carlo simulations with 1000 realizations of heterogeneous D-m fields were conducted to assess the accuracy of the derived effective D-m. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol & Geochem Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dai, ZX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol & Geochem Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daiz@lanl.gov OI Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07408 DI 10.1029/2007GL029332 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157NJ UT WOS:000245726600007 ER PT J AU Niklasson, AMN Tymczak, CJ Challacombe, M AF Niklasson, Anders M. N. Tymczak, C. J. Challacombe, Matt TI Time-reversible ab initio molecular dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; BORN-OPPENHEIMER SURFACE; CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; CAR-PARRINELLO; CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES; NONORTHOGONAL BASIS; GAUSSIAN-ORBITALS; MATRIX AB Time-reversible ab initio molecular dynamics based on a lossless multichannel decomposition for the integration of the electronic degrees of freedom [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 123001 (2006)] is explored. The authors present a lossless time-reversible density matrix molecular dynamics scheme. This approach often allows for stable Hartree-Fock simulations using only one single self-consistent field cycle per time step. They also present a generalization, introducing an additional "forcing" term, that in a special case includes a hybrid Lagrangian, i.e., Car-Parrinello-type, method, which can systematically be constrained to the Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface by using an increasing number of self-consistency cycles in the nuclear force calculations. Furthermore, in analog to the reversible and symplectic leapfrog or velocity Verlet schemes, where not only the position but also the velocity is propagated, the authors propose a Verlet-type density velocity formalism for time-reversible Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Niklasson, AMN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amn@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 14 AR 144103 DI 10.1063/1.2715556 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 157AO UT WOS:000245691200006 PM 17444697 ER PT J AU Pu, Q Leng, YS Tsetseris, L Park, HS Pantelides, ST Cummings, PT AF Pu, Qing Leng, Yongsheng Tsetseris, Leonidas Park, Harold S. Pantelides, Sokrates T. Cummings, Peter T. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of stretched gold nanowires: The relative utility of different semiempirical potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCALE METALLIC CONTACTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTANCE; MECHANISMS; DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPY; STABILITY; SIGNATURE; JUNCTIONS; SURFACES AB The mechanical elongation of a finite gold nanowire has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations using different semiempirical potentials for transition metals. These potentials have been widely used to study the mechanical properties of finite metal clusters. Combining with density functional theory calculations along several atomic-configuration trajectories predicted by different semiempirical potentials, the authors conclude that the second-moment approximation of the tight-binding scheme (TB-SMA) potential is the most suitable one to describe the energetics of finite Au clusters. They find that for the selected geometries of Au wires studied in this work, the ductile elongation of Au nanowires along the [001] direction predicted by the TB-SMA potential is largely independent of temperature in the range of 0.01-298 K. The elongation leads to the formation of monatomic chains, as has been observed experimentally. The calculated force-versus-elongation curve is remarkably consistent with available experimental results. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Nanomat Theory Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leng, YS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM yongsheng.leng@vanderbilt.edu RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Park, Harold/B-1525-2008 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Park, Harold/0000-0001-5365-7776 NR 48 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 14 AR 144707 DI 10.1063/1.2717162 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 157AO UT WOS:000245691200041 PM 17444732 ER PT J AU Haxton, DJ McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN AF Haxton, Daniel J. McCurdy, C. W. Rescigno, T. N. TI Comment on 'A wave packet method for treating nuclear dynamics on complex potentials' SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; ENERGY; WATER; H2O; IONS; D2O AB We comment on the accuracy of the results of Taioli and Tennyson in their paper 'A wave packet method for treating nuclear dynamics on complex potentials' ( 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 4379). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haxton, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djhaxton@lbl.gov; cwmccurdy@lbl.gov; tnrescigno@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1461 EP 1463 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/7/N01 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 161JG UT WOS:000246010100017 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Loch, SD Berengut, JC Topcu, T Colgan, J Foster, M Griffin, DC Ballance, CP Schultz, DR Minami, T Badnell, NR Witthoeft, MC Plante, DR Mitnik, DM Ludlow, JA Kleiman, U AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Loch, S. D. Berengut, J. C. Topcu, T. Colgan, J. Foster, M. Griffin, D. C. Ballance, C. P. Schultz, D. R. Minami, T. Badnell, N. R. Witthoeft, M. C. Plante, D. R. Mitnik, D. M. Ludlow, J. A. Kleiman, U. TI The time-dependent close-coupling method for atomic and molecular collision processes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; CORRELATED PHOTOIONIZATION PROCESSES; DIRECT NUMERICAL APPROACH; PHOTO-DOUBLE IONIZATION; HYDROGEN SCATTERING; SINGLE IONIZATION; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; R-MATRIX; TRIPLE PHOTOIONIZATION AB We review the development of the time-dependent close-coupling method to study atomic and molecular few body dynamics. Applications include electron and photon collisions with atoms, molecules, and their ions. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Stetson Univ, Dept Math, Deland, FL USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Berengut, Julian/A-1764-2010; Topcu, Turker/H-5212-2013; Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Topcu, Turker/0000-0002-9374-1259; Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 117 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP R39 EP R60 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/7/R01 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 161JG UT WOS:000246010100003 ER PT J AU Perry, JJP Fan, L Tainer, JA AF Perry, J. J. P. Fan, L. Tainer, J. A. TI Developing master keys to brain pathology, cancer and aging from the structural biology of proteins controlling reactive oxygen species and DNA repair SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder; Werner syndrome; xeroderma pigmentosum; nitric oxide synthase; superoxide dismutase ID WERNER-SYNDROME PROTEIN; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER COMPLEX; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; SYNDROME GENE-PRODUCT; CELL-FREE-EXTRACTS AB This review is focused on proteins with key roles in pathways controlling either reactive oxygen species or DNA damage responses, both of which are essential for preserving the nervous system. An imbalance of reactive oxygen species or inappropriate DNA damage response likely causes mutational or cytotoxic outcomes, which may lead to cancer and/or aging phenotypes. Moreover, individuals with hereditary disorders in proteins of these cellular pathways have significant neurological abnormalities. Mutations in a superoxide dismutase, which removes oxygen free radicals, may cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, DNA repair disorders that affect the brain to various extents include ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder, Cockayne syndrome or Werner syndrome. Here, we highlight recent advances gained through structural biochemistry studies on enzymes linked to these disorders and other related enzymes acting within the same cellular pathways. We describe the current understanding of how these vital proteins coordinate chemical steps and integrate cellular signaling and response events. Significantly, these structural studies may provide a set of master keys to developing a unified understanding of the survival mechanisms utilized after insults by reactive oxygen species and genotoxic agents, and also provide a basis for developing an informed intervention in brain tumor and neurodegenerative disease progression. (C) 2006 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Amrita Vishwa Vidya Peetham, Sch Biotechnol, Amritapuri 690525, Kerala, India. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jat@scripps.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA104660, CA112093, CA92584, P01 CA092584, R01 CA104660, R01 CA112093, R01 CA117638]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI022160, R01 AI022160] NR 195 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD APR 14 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 4 BP 1280 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.045 PG 20 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 163KX UT WOS:000246159700011 PM 17174478 ER PT J AU Watson, JD Sanderson, S EzerskY, A Savchenk, A Edwards, A Orengo, C Joachimiak, A Laskowski, RA Thornton, JM AF Watson, James D. Sanderson, Steve EzerskY, Alexandra Savchenk, Alexel Edwards, Aled Orengo, Christine Joachimiak, Andrzej Laskowski, Roman A. Thornton, Janet M. TI Towards fully automated structure-based function prediction in structural genomics: A case study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE structural genomics; function prediction from structure; Gene Ontology; GO-slims; protein function prediction ID PROTEIN FUNCTION; GENE ONTOLOGY; 3 DIMENSIONS; SEQUENCE; ANNOTATION; ALIGNMENTS; SIMILARITY; TEMPLATES; DATABASE; SITES AB As the global Structural Genomics projects have picked up pace, the number of structures annotated in the Protein Data Bank as hypothetical protein or unknown function has grown significantly. A major challenge now involves the development of computational methods to assign functions to these proteins accurately and automatically. As part of the Midwest Center for Structural Genomics (MCSG) we have developed a fully automated functional analysis server, ProFunc, which performs a battery of analyses on a submitted structure. The analyses combine a number of sequence-based and structure-based methods to identify functional clues. After the first stage of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI), we review the success of the pipeline and the importance of structure-based function prediction. As a dataset, we have chosen all structures solved by the MCSG during the 5 years of the first PSI. Our analysis suggests that two of the structure-based methods are particularly successful and provide examples of local similarity that is difficult to identify using current sequence-based methods. No one method is successful in all cases, so, through the use of a number of complementary sequence and structural approaches, the ProFunc server increases the chances that at least one method will find a significant hit that can help elucidate function. Manual assessment of the results is a time-consuming process and subject to individual interpretation and human error. We present a method based on the Gene Ontology (GO) schema using GO-slims that can allow the automated assessment of hits with a success rate approaching that of expert manual assessment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, Clin Genom Ctr Proteom, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div & Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Watson, JD (reprint author), European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. EM watson@ebi.ac.uk OI Thornton, Janet/0000-0003-0824-4096; Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074942, GM62414, P50 GM062414] NR 31 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 367 IS 5 BP 1511 EP 1522 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.01.063 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 154LH UT WOS:000245508200023 PM 17316683 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Holubyev, K Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Monk, J Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ van Eijk, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Das, M. Davies, B. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Feligioni, L. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, A. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gelhaus, R. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Grunendahl, S. Grunewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hansson, P. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Holubyev, K. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. 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Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Measurement of the charge asymmetry in semileptonic B-s(0) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We have performed the first direct measurement of the time-integrated flavor untagged charge asymmetry in semileptonic B-s(0) decays A(SL)(s,unt) by comparing the decay rate of B-s(0) -> mu(+) D-s(-) nu X, where D-s(-) -> phi pi(-) and phi -> K+K-, with the charge-conjugate (B) over bar (0)(s) decay rate. This sample was selected from 1: 3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We obtain A(SL)(s,unt) = [1.23 +/- 0.97(stat) +/- 0.17(syst)] x 10(-2). Assuming that Delta m(s)/(Gamma) over bar (s) >> 1, this result can be translated into a measurement of the CP-violating phase in B-s(0) mixing: Delta Gamma(s)/Delta m(s) tan phi(s) = [2.45 +/- 1.93(stat) +/- 0.35(syst)] x 10(-2). C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. LAFEX, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Part Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Part Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Part, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3A, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF H, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF H, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF H, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Bertram, Iain/0000-0003-4073-4941; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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P. Todyshev, K. Yu Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Zhang, L. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Vazquez, W. Panduro Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Koeneke, K. Lang, M. I. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Yi, M. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Potter, C. T. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Branching fraction measurements of B+->rho(+)gamma, B-0 ->rho(0)gamma, and B-0 ->omega gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; RADIATIVE DECAYS; B-DECAYS; SUPERSYMMETRY; RATIOS; GAMMA; QCD AB We present a study of the decays B+->rho(+)gamma, B-0 ->rho(0)gamma, and B-0 ->omega gamma. The analysis is based on data containing 347x10(6) B (B) over bar events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory. We measure the branching fractions B(B+->rho(+)gamma)=(1.10(-0.33)(+0.37)+/- 0.09)x10(-6) and B(B-0 ->rho(0)gamma)=(0.79(-0.20)(+0.22)+/- 0.06)x10(-6), and set a 90% C.L. upper limit B(B-0 ->omega gamma)< 0.78x10(-6). We also measure the isospin-averaged branching fraction B(B ->(rho/omega)gamma)=(1.25(-0.24)(+0.25)+/- 0.09)x10(-6), from which we determine vertical bar V-td/V-ts vertical bar=0.200(-0.020)(+0.021)+/- 0.015, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is theoretical. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-45221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fisiol & Biochim Gen, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Yi, Ming/E-3145-2010; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 151802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.151802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400015 ER PT J AU Betti, R Zhou, CD Anderson, KS Perkins, LJ Theobald, W Solodov, AA AF Betti, R. Zhou, C. D. Anderson, K. S. Perkins, L. J. Theobald, W. Solodov, A. A. TI Shock ignition of thermonuclear fuel with high areal density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DIRECT-DRIVE; TARGETS; ENERGY; GAIN; FACILITY; DESIGN AB A novel method by C. Zhou and R. Betti [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 50, 140 ( 2005)] to assemble and ignite thermonuclear fuel is presented. Massive cryogenic shells are first imploded by direct laser light with a low implosion velocity and on a low adiabat leading to fuel assemblies with large areal densities. The assembled fuel is ignited from a central hot spot heated by the collision of a spherically convergent ignitor shock and the return shock. The resulting fuel assembly features a hot-spot pressure greater than the surrounding dense fuel pressure. Such a nonisobaric assembly requires a lower energy threshold for ignition than the conventional isobaric one. The ignitor shock can be launched by a spike in the laser power or by particle beams. The thermonuclear gain can be significantly larger than in conventional isobaric ignition for equal driver energy. C1 Univ Rochester, Fus Sci Ctr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn & Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Betti, R (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Fus Sci Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 21 TC 266 Z9 276 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 155001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.155001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400038 PM 17501359 ER PT J AU Chen, YY Huang, PH Ou, MN Wang, CR Yao, YD Lee, TK Ho, MY Lawrence, JM Booth, CH AF Chen, Y. Y. Huang, P. H. Ou, M. N. Wang, C. R. Yao, Y. D. Lee, T. K. Ho, M. Y. Lawrence, J. M. Booth, C. H. TI Kondo interactions and magnetic correlations in CePt2 nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; IMPURITY AB The evolution of the Kondo effect and antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations with size reduction in CePt2 nanoparticles (3.1-26 nm) is studied by analysis of the temperature-dependent specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. The AF correlations diminish with size reduction. The Kondo effect predominates at small particle size with trivalent, small Kondo temperature (T-K) magnetic regions coexisting with strongly mixed-valent, large T-K nonmagnetic regions. We discuss the role of structural disorder, background density of states and the electronic quantum size effect on the results. C1 Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan. Tunghai Univ, Dept Phys, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Chen, YY (reprint author), Tatung Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. EM cheny2@phys.sinica.edu.tw RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 157206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.157206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400059 PM 17501380 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F AF Colgan, J. Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. TI Triple differential cross sections for the double photoionization of H-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; PHOTODOUBLE IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; HELIUM; D-2; HE AB Triple differential cross sections arising from the break up of the H-2 molecule by a single photon are presented. The time-dependent close-coupling technique is used to calculate differential cross sections for various geometries. Excellent agreement is found between current work and recent exterior complex-scaling calculations, confirming, for the first time, the absolute magnitude of the triple differential cross sections. Our calculations also compare favorably with recent synchrotron light source measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.153001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400021 PM 17501342 ER PT J AU Danagoulian, A Mamyan, VH Roedelbronn, M Aniol, KA Annand, JRM Bertin, PY Bimbot, L Bosted, P Calarco, JR Camsonne, A Chang, CC Chang, TH Chen, JP Choi, SH Chudakov, E Degtyarenko, P de Jager, CW Deur, A Dutta, D Egiyan, K Gao, H Garibaldi, F Gayou, O Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Gomez, J Hamilton, DJ Hansen, JO Hayes, D Higinbotham, DW Hinton, W Horn, T Howell, C Hunyady, T Hyde, CE Jiang, X Jones, MK Khandaker, M Ketikyan, A Kubarovsky, V Kramer, K Kumbartzki, G Laveissiere, G LeRose, J Lindgren, RA Margaziotis, DJ Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meekins, DG Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moussiegt, P Nanda, S Nathan, AM Nikolenko, DM Nelyubin, V Norum, BE Paschke, K Pentchev, L Perdrisat, CF Piasetzky, E Pomatsalyuk, R Punjabi, VA Rachek, I Radyushkin, A Reitz, B Roche, R Ron, G Sabatie, F Saha, A Savvinov, N Shahinyan, A Shestakov, Y Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Stoler, P Tajima, S Sulkosky, V Todor, L Vlahovic, B Weinstein, LB Wang, K Wojtsekhowski, B Voskanyan, H Xiang, H Zheng, X Zhu, L AF Danagoulian, A. Mamyan, V. H. Roedelbronn, M. Aniol, K. A. Annand, J. R. M. Bertin, P. Y. Bimbot, L. Bosted, P. Calarco, J. R. Camsonne, A. Chang, C. C. Chang, T. -H. Chen, J. -P. Choi, Seonho Chudakov, E. Degtyarenko, P. de Jager, C. W. Deur, A. Dutta, D. Egiyan, K. Gao, H. Garibaldi, F. Gayou, O. Gilman, R. Glamazdin, A. Glashausser, C. Gomez, J. Hamilton, D. J. Hansen, J. -O. Hayes, D. Higinbotham, D. W. Hinton, W. Horn, T. Howell, C. Hunyady, T. Hyde, C. E. Jiang, X. Jones, M. K. Khandaker, M. Ketikyan, A. Kubarovsky, V. Kramer, K. Kumbartzki, G. Laveissiere, G. LeRose, J. Lindgren, R. A. Margaziotis, D. J. Markowitz, P. McCormick, K. Meekins, D. G. Meziani, Z. -E. Michaels, R. Moussiegt, P. Nanda, S. Nathan, A. M. Nikolenko, D. M. Nelyubin, V. Norum, B. E. Paschke, K. Pentchev, L. Perdrisat, C. F. Piasetzky, E. Pomatsalyuk, R. Punjabi, V. A. Rachek, I. Radyushkin, A. Reitz, B. Roche, R. Ron, G. Sabatie, F. Saha, A. Savvinov, N. Shahinyan, A. Shestakov, Y. Sirca, S. Slifer, K. Solvignon, P. Stoler, P. Tajima, S. Sulkosky, V. Todor, L. Vlahovic, B. Weinstein, L. B. Wang, K. Wojtsekhowski, B. Voskanyan, H. Xiang, H. Zheng, X. Zhu, L. TI Compton-scattering cross section on the proton at high momentum transfer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD AB Cross-section values for Compton scattering on the proton were measured at 25 kinematic settings over the range s = 5-11 and -t = 2-7 GeV2 with a statistical accuracy of a few percent. The scaling power for the s dependence of the cross section at fixed center-of-mass angle was found to be 8:0 +/- 0:2, strongly inconsistent with the prediction of perturbative QCD. The observed cross-section values are in fair agreement with the calculations using the handbag mechanism, in which the external photons couple to a single quark. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Clermont Ferrand, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TUNL, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Inst Nucl Sci, CNRS, IN2P3, F-38016 Grenoble, France. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Danagoulian, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Mamyan, Vahe/K-4778-2012; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Glamazdin, Alexander/0000-0002-4172-7324; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 152001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.152001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400017 PM 17501338 ER PT J AU Kondo, T Khasanov, R Karpinski, J Kazakov, SM Zhigadlo, ND Ohta, T Fretwell, HM Palczewski, AD Koll, JD Mesot, J Rotenberg, E Keller, H Kaminski, A AF Kondo, T. Khasanov, R. Karpinski, J. Kazakov, S. M. Zhigadlo, N. D. Ohta, T. Fretwell, H. M. Palczewski, A. D. Koll, J. D. Mesot, J. Rotenberg, E. Keller, H. Kaminski, A. TI Dual character of the electronic structure of YBa2Cu4O8: The conduction bands of CuO2 planes and CuO chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSION; PRESSURE; STATE AB We use microprobe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (mu ARPES) to separately investigate the electronic properties of CuO2 planes and CuO chains in the high temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu4O8. For the CuO2 planes, a two-dimensional (2D) electronic structure is observed and, in contrast to Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, the bilayer splitting is almost isotropic and 50% larger, which strongly suggests that bilayer splitting has no direct effect on the superconducting properties. In addition, the scattering rate for the bonding band is about 1.5 times stronger than the antibonding band and is independent of momentum. For the CuO chains, the electronic structure is quasi-one-dimensional and consists of a conduction and insulating band. Finally, we find that the conduction electrons are well confined within the planes and chains with a nontrivial hybridization. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ETH, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Kondo, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Kazakov, Sergey/A-4139-2014; Kondo, Takeshi/H-2680-2016 OI Khasanov, Rustem/0000-0002-4768-5524; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kazakov, Sergey/0000-0002-0553-7881; NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 157002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.157002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400052 PM 17501373 ER PT J AU Murayama, H Nomura, Y AF Murayama, Hitoshi Nomura, Yasunori TI Gauge mediation simplified SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; STANDARD MODEL; CONSTRAINTS; COSMOLOGY; PHYSICS AB Gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking is drastically simplified using generic superpotentials without U(1)R symmetry by allowing metastable vacua. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murayama, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 28 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 151803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.151803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400016 PM 17501337 ER PT J AU Scandale, W Still, DA Carnera, A Della Mea, G De Salvador, D Milan, R Vomiero, A Baricordi, S Dalpiaz, P Fiorini, M Guidi, V Martinelli, G Mazzolari, A Milan, E Ambrosi, G Azzarello, P Battiston, R Bertucci, B Burger, WJ Ionica, M Zuccon, P Cavoto, G Santacesaria, R Valente, P Vallazza, E Afonin, AG Baranov, VT Chesnokov, YA Kotov, VI Maisheev, VA Yaznin, IA Afansiev, SV Kovalenko, AD Taratin, AM Denisov, AS Gavrikov, YA Ivanov, YM Ivochkin, VG Kosyanenko, SV Petrunin, AA Skorobogatov, VV Suvorov, VM Bolognini, D Foggetta, L Hasan, S Prest, M AF Scandale, Walter Still, Dean A. Carnera, Alberto Della Mea, Gianantonio De Salvador, Davide Milan, Riccardo Vomiero, Alberto Baricordi, Stefano Dalpiaz, Pietro Fiorini, Massimiliano Guidi, Vincenzo Martinelli, Giuliano Mazzolari, Andrea Milan, Emiliano Ambrosi, Giovanni Azzarello, Philipp Battiston, Roberto Bertucci, Bruna Burger, William J. Ionica, Maria Zuccon, Paolo Cavoto, Gianluca Santacesaria, Roberta Valente, Paolo Vallazza, Erik Afonin, Alexander G. Baranov, Vladimir T. Chesnokov, Yury A. Kotov, Vladilen I. Maisheev, Vladimir A. Yaznin, Igor A. Afansiev, Sergey V. Kovalenko, Alexander D. Taratin, Alexander M. Denisov, Alexander S. Gavrikov, Yury A. Ivanov, Yuri M. Ivochkin, Vladimir G. Kosyanenko, Sergey V. Petrunin, Anatoli A. Skorobogatov, Vyacheslav V. Suvorov, Vsevolod M. Bolognini, Davide Foggetta, Luca Hasan, Said Prest, Michela TI High-efficiency volume reflection of an ultrarelativistic proton beam with a bent silicon crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY CHARGED-PARTICLES; QUASI-CHANNELING STATES; ACCELERATOR; EXTRACTION; TRACKER AB The volume reflection phenomenon was detected while investigating 400 GeV proton interactions with bent silicon crystals in the external beam H8 of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Such a process was observed for a wide interval of crystal orientations relative to the beam axis, and its efficiency exceeds 95%, thereby surpassing any previously observed value. These observations suggest new perspectives for the manipulation of high-energy beams, e. g., for collimation and extraction in new-generation hadron colliders, such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider. C1 CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Mat & Tecnol Ind, I-38050 Trento, Italy. CNR, INFM, I-25133 Brescia, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad, Russia. Univ Insubria, I-22100 Como, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Scandale, W (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI valente, paolo/A-6640-2010; Vomiero, Alberto/F-7567-2010; Foggetta, Luca/A-4810-2010; Zuccon, Paolo/I-7736-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Fiorini, Massimiliano/A-5354-2015; Mazzolari, Andrea/A-1100-2017; OI valente, paolo/0000-0002-5413-0068; Vomiero, Alberto/0000-0003-2935-1165; Foggetta, Luca/0000-0002-6389-1280; Zuccon, Paolo/0000-0002-2728-0167; Fiorini, Massimiliano/0000-0001-6559-2084; Mazzolari, Andrea/0000-0003-0804-6778; Vallazza, Erik Silvio/0000-0002-7465-7430; MILAN, Riccardo/0000-0001-5863-8654; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; De Salvador, Davide/0000-0002-1879-1010; PREST, MICHELA/0000-0003-3161-4454; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; guidi, vincenzo/0000-0001-9726-8481 NR 14 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 154801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.154801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400037 PM 17501358 ER PT J AU Sokolov, A Aranson, IS Kessler, JO Goldstein, RE AF Sokolov, Andrey Aranson, Igor S. Kessler, John O. Goldstein, Raymond E. TI Concentration dependence of the collective dynamics of swimming bacteria SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; PARTICLES; ORDER; MODEL; PH AB At concentrations near the maximum allowed by steric repulsion, swimming bacteria form a dynamical state exhibiting extended spatiotemporal coherence. The viscous fluid into which locomotive energy of individual microorganisms is transferred also carries interactions that drive the coherence. The concentration dependence of correlations in the collective state is probed here with a novel technique that herds bacteria into condensed populations of adjustable concentration. For the particular thin-film geometry employed, the correlation lengths vary smoothly and monotonically through the transition from individual to collective behavior. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst BI05, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Sokolov, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Goldstein, Raymond/F-2932-2011; Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 OI Goldstein, Raymond/0000-0003-2645-0598; NR 19 TC 251 Z9 254 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 158102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.158102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400066 PM 17501387 ER PT J AU Stein, GE Cochran, EW Katsov, K Fredrickson, GH Kramer, EJ Li, X Wang, J AF Stein, G. E. Cochran, E. W. Katsov, K. Fredrickson, G. H. Kramer, E. J. Li, X. Wang, J. TI Symmetry breaking of in-plane order in confined copolymer mesophases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; LAYERING TRANSITIONS; IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; FIELD THEORY; 3 DIMENSIONS; PHASE AB Packing of spherical-domain block copolymer mesophases confined to a thin film is investigated as a function of the number of layers n. We find an abrupt transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic in-plane ordering of domains when n is increased from 4 to 5. As n increases further (up to 23 in this study), the symmetry of the orthorhombic phase asymptotically approaches that of the body-centered cubic (110) plane. These results are interpreted in terms of the energetics of competing packings in the bulk and at the film interfaces. Detailed structural and thermodynamic properties are obtained with self-consistent field theory. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stein, GE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ghf@mrl.ucsb.edu; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016; OI Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496; Cochran, Eric/0000-0003-3931-9169 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 158302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.158302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400069 PM 17501390 ER PT J AU van Veenendaal, M McNulty, I AF van Veenendaal, Michel McNulty, Ian TI Prediction of strong dichroism induced by x rays carrying orbital momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; VORTICES AB We predict the presence of strong dichroic effects induced by x-ray beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Taking the difference between spectra obtained with positive and negative OAM states allows the separation of quadrupolar from dipolar transitions at, e.g., the transition-metal K edges, enabling the study of the unoccupied states in the absence of strong core-hole effects. We study the dependence of OAM-induced x-ray dichroism on different polarization vectors and derive sum rules relating the integrated intensity to ground-state hole densities. Calculations of spectral line shapes for cuprates, manganites, and ruthenates confirm the strong OAM-induced dichroism and indicate the potential of this new spectroscopy in the fields of orbital physics and magnetism. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Veenendaal, M (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 AR 157401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.157401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157AQ UT WOS:000245691400060 PM 17501381 ER PT J AU Lehman, AC Yamaoka, EA Willis, CW Choquette, KD Geib, KM Allerman, AA AF Lehman, A. C. Yamaoka, E. A. Willis, C. W. Choquette, K. D. Geib, K. M. Allerman, A. A. TI Variable reflectance vertical cavity surface emitting lasers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELIEF; VCSELS AB Singlemode operation in 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers is reported. The singlemode behaviour results from a radially-varying number of periods in the top distributed Bragg reflector mirror. At the centre of the device there are six additional quarter-wave layers (three periods) as compared to the edge. This provides higher mirror reflectivity to the fundamental mode without adding loss. Thus the top mirror geometry promotes singlemode operation of the laser from threshold to rollover. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lehman, AC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM aclehman@gmail.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 BP 460 EP 461 DI 10.1049/el:20070429 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 171QY UT WOS:000246751700022 ER PT J AU Lan, YQ Deng, BL Kim, C Thornton, EC AF Lan, Yeqing Deng, Baolin Kim, Chulsung Thornton, Edward C. TI Influence of soil minerals on chromium(VI) reduction by sulfide under anoxic conditions SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU REMEDIATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CHROMATE REDUCTION; CR(VI) REDUCTION; IRON SULFIDE; KINETICS; ACID; GROUNDWATER; CATALYSIS AB The effects of soil minerals on chromate ((CrO42-)-O-VI, noted as Cr(VI)) reduction by sulfide were investigated in the pH range of 7.67 to 9.07 under the anoxic condition. The examined minerals included montmorillonite (Swy-2), illite (IMt-2), kaolinite (KGa-2), aluminum oxide (gamma-Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2, P-25, primarily anatase), and silica (SiO2). Based on their effects on Cr(VI) reduction, these minerals were categorized into three groups: (i) minerals catalyzing Cr(VI) reduction - illite; (ii) minerals with no effect - Al2O3; and (iii) minerals inhibiting Cr(VI) reduction-kaolinite, montmorillonite, SiO2 and TiO2. The catalysis of illite was attributed primarily to the low concentration of iron solubilized from the mineral, which could accelerate Cr(VI) reduction by shuttling electrons from sulfide to Cr(VI). Additionally, elemental sulfur produced as the primary product of sulfide oxidation could further catalyze Cr(VI) reduction in the heterogeneous system. Previous studies have shown that adsorption of sulfide onto elemental sulfur nanoparticles could greatly increase sulfide reactivity towards Cr(VI) reduction. Consequently, the observed rate constant, k(obs), increased with increasing amounts of both iron solubilized from illite and elemental sulfur produced during the reaction. The catalysis of iron, however, was found to be blocked by phenanthroline, a strong complexing agent for ferrous iron. In this case, the overall reaction rate at the initial stage of reaction was pseudo first order with respect to Cr(VI), i. e., the reaction kinetics was similar to that in the homogeneous system, because elemental sulfur exerted no effect at the initial stage prior to accumulation of elemental sulfur nanoparticles. In the suspension of kaolinite, which belonged to group (iii), an inhibitive effect to Cr(VI) reduction was observed and subsequently examined in more details. The inhibition was due to the sorption of elemental sulfur onto kaolinite, which reduced or completely eliminated the catalytic effect of elemental sulfur, depending on kaolinite concentration. This was consistent with the observation that the catalysis of externally added elemental sulfur (50 mu M) on Cr(VI) reduction would disappear with a kaolinite concentration of more than 5.0 g/L. In kaolinite suspension, the overall reaction rate law was: -d[Cr(VI)]/dt = k(obs)[H+](2)[Cr(VI)][HS-](0.70). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Univ Dubuque, Dept Environm Sci, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Field Hydrol & Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Deng, BL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lanyq102@yahoo.com.cn; dengb@missouri.edu; ckim@dbq.edu; ecthornton@earthlink.net OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 41 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 8 BP 1 EP 10 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-8-4 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 166OJ UT WOS:000246388100001 PM 17430591 ER PT J AU Cetinkol, M Lee, PL Wilkinson, AP AF Cetinkol, M. Lee, P. L. Wilkinson, A. P. TI Preparation and characterization of In(I)-beta ''-alumina SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ceramics; oxides; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure ID CRYSTAL NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TUNGSTEN BRONZE; STABILIZED NA; BETA-ALUMINA; INDIUM; BETA''-ALUMINA; CHEMISTRY; GALLIUM; SPECTRA; SOLIDS AB ln(I)-beta ''-alumina has been prepared by ion exchange from Na-beta ''-alumina. It is stable on heating in air up to 400 degrees C. Its structure was determined by Rietveld analysis using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data [R-3m, a = 5.6044(1) angstrom, c = 34.4807(1) angstrom, Z = 3]. The coordination of In(I) in this material is asymmetric, as indicated by the distortion index for this cation, suggesting some stereochemical activity for the lone pair on the cation. However, the distortion is not as pronounced as that seen in the Ga(I) analogue. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angus.wilkinson@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.07.015 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 151WK UT WOS:000245321400015 ER PT J AU Engel, GS Calhoun, TR Read, EL Ahn, TK Mancal, T Cheng, YC Blankenship, RE Fleming, GR AF Engel, Gregory S. Calhoun, Tessa R. Read, Elizabeth L. Ahn, Tae-Kyu Mancal, Tomas Cheng, Yuan-Chung Blankenship, Robert E. Fleming, Graham R. TI Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL PROTEIN; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; CHLOROBIUM-TEPIDUM; ANTENNA COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; ECHOES; MODEL AB Photosynthetic complexes are exquisitely tuned to capture solar light efficiently, and then transmit the excitation energy to reaction centres, where long term energy storage is initiated. The energy transfer mechanism is often described by semiclassical models that invoke 'hopping' of excited-state populations along discrete energy levels(1,2). Two-dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy(3-5) has mapped(6) these energy levels and their coupling in the Fenna - Matthews - Olson (FMO) bacteriochlorophyll complex, which is found in green sulphur bacteria and acts as an energy 'wire' connecting a large peripheral light-harvesting antenna, the chlorosome, to the reaction centre(7-9). The spectroscopic data clearly document the dependence of the dominant energy transport pathways on the spatial properties of the excited-state wavefunctions of the whole bacteriochlorophyll complex(6,10). But the intricate dynamics of quantum coherence, which has no classical analogue, was largely neglected in the analyses - even though electronic energy transfer involving oscillatory populations of donors and acceptors was first discussed more than 70 years ago(11), and electronic quantum beats arising from quantum coherence in photosynthetic complexes have been predicted(12,13) and indirectly observed(14). Here we extend previous two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy investigations of the FMO bacteriochlorophyll complex, and obtain direct evidence for remarkably long-lived electronic quantum coherence playing an important part in energy transfer processes within this system. The quantum coherence manifests itself in characteristic, directly observable quantum beating signals among the excitons within the Chlorobium tepidum FMO complex at 77 K. This wavelike characteristic of the energy transfer within the photosynthetic complex can explain its extreme efficiency, in that it allows the complexes to sample vast areas of phase space to find the most efficient path. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM grfleming@lbl.gov RI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/A-6566-2008; Engel, Gregory/C-1108-2012; Ahn, Tae/A-5838-2013; Mancal, Tomas/B-9688-2014 OI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/0000-0003-0125-4267; Engel, Gregory/0000-0002-6740-5243; Mancal, Tomas/0000-0003-1736-3054 NR 30 TC 1461 Z9 1476 U1 49 U2 438 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7137 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1038/nature05678 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156CX UT WOS:000245626800037 PM 17429397 ER PT J AU Galburt, EA Grill, SW Wiedmann, A Lubkowska, L Choy, J Nogales, E Kashlev, M Bustamante, C AF Galburt, Eric A. Grill, Stephan W. Wiedmann, Anna Lubkowska, Lucyna Choy, Jason Nogales, Eva Kashlev, Mikhail Bustamante, Carlos TI Backtracking determines the force sensitivity of RNAP II in a factor-dependent manner SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ELONGATION-FACTOR TFIIS; POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPT-CLEAVAGE; ARREST; DNA; MECHANISM; RESOLUTION; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; BACTERIAL AB RNA polymerase II ( RNAP II) is responsible for transcribing all messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells during a highly regulated process that is conserved from yeast to human 1, and that serves as a central control point for cellular function. Here we investigate the transcription dynamics of single RNAP II molecules from Saccharomyces cerevisiae against force and in the presence and absence of TFIIS, a transcription elongation factor known to increase transcription through nucleosomal barriers(2\). Using a single-molecule dual-trap optical-tweezers assay combined with a novel method to enrich for active complexes, we found that the response of RNAP II to a hindering force is entirely determined by enzyme backtracking(3-6). Surprisingly, RNAP II molecules ceased to transcribe and were unable to recover from backtracks at a force of 7.5 +/- 2 pN, only one-third of the force determined for Escherichia coli RNAP(7,8). We show that backtrack pause durations follow a t(-3/2) power law, implying that during backtracking RNAP II diffuses in discrete base-pair steps, and indicating that backtracks may account for most of RNAP II pauses. Significantly, addition of TFIIS rescued backtracked enzymes and allowed transcription to proceed up to a force of 16.9 +/- 3.4 pN. Taken together, these results describe a regulatory mechanism of transcription elongation in eukaryotes by which transcription factors modify the mechanical performance of RNAP II, allowing it to operate against higher loads. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carlos@alice.berkeley.edu RI Grill, Stephan /D-9427-2012; OI Galburt, Eric/0000-0003-4314-3215 NR 28 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7137 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1038/nature05701 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156CX UT WOS:000245626800046 PM 17361130 ER PT J AU Pattabiraman, NS Gu, Y Frauendorf, S Garg, U Li, T Nayak, BK Wang, X Zhu, S Ghugre, SS Janssens, RVF Chakrawarthy, RS Whitehead, M Macchiavelli, AO AF Pattabiraman, N. S. Gu, Y. Frauendorf, S. Garg, U. Li, T. Nayak, B. K. Wang, X. Zhu, S. Ghugre, S. S. Janssens, R. V. F. Chakrawarthy, R. S. Whitehead, M. Macchiavelli, A. O. TI Evidence for particle-hole excitations in the triaxial strongly-deformed well of Tm-163 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ROTATIONAL BANDS; WOBBLING MODE AB Two interacting, strongly-deformed triaxial (TSD) bands have been identified in the Z = 69 nucleus Tm-163. This is the first time that interacting TSD bands have been observed in an element other than the Z = 71 Lu nuclei, where wobbling bands have been previously identified. The observed TSD bands in 163Tm appear to be associated with particle-hole excitations, rather than wobbling. Tilted-axis cranking (TAC) calculations reproduce all experimental observables of these bands reasonably well and also provide an explanation for the presence of wobbling bands in the Lu nuclei, and their absence in the Tm isotopes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. UGC, DAE, Consortium Sci Res, Kolkata Ctr, Kolkata 700098, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garg, U (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM garg@nd.edu RI Gu, Yingqiong/A-8228-2010; gu, yingqiong/J-8394-2012 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 647 IS 4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.01.057 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 158AP UT WOS:000245763400003 ER PT J AU Teghil, R De Bonis, A Galasso, A Santagata, A Villani, P Sordelet, DJ AF Teghil, R. De Bonis, A. Galasso, A. Santagata, A. Villani, P. Sordelet, D. J. TI Role and importance of nanoparticles in femtosecond pulsed laser ablation deposition of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPORIZATION; EMISSION; PLUME; FILMS AB In this Letter, the secondary plume produced by femtosecond laser ablation of an Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal has been studied. The data evidence the presence of hot nanoparticles produced several microseconds after the laser shot. The cooling mechanisms of these particles have been analysed together with the evolution of their composition. The results indicate a clear relation between the final composition of the particles and the high temperature equilibrium vapour pressures of the different elements. The elemental analysis of the cross-section of films deposited by femtosecond laser ablation states the importance of nanoparticles in the film growth. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Chim, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. CNR, IMIP, Unita Potenza, I-85050 Tito, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Teghil, R (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Chim, Via N Sauro 85, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. EM roberto.teghil@unibas.it OI TEGHIL, ROBERTO/0000-0002-8528-8669; De Bonis, Angela/0000-0002-1177-2896; Santagata, Antonio/0000-0002-1409-3135 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 438 IS 1-3 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.074 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 158FG UT WOS:000245776300016 ER PT J AU Frincke, D Wespi, A Zamboni, D AF Frincke, Deborah Wespi, Andreas Zamboni, Diego TI From intrusion detection to self-protection SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. IBM Corp, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. RP Frincke, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Deborah.frincke@pnl.gov; anw@zurich.ibm.com; dza@zurich.ibm.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2006.10.004 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 138RB UT WOS:000244378800001 ER PT J AU Ajo-Franklin, JB Geller, JT Harris, JM AF Ajo-Franklin, J. B. Geller, J. T. Harris, J. M. TI Ultrasonic properties of granular media saturated with DNAPL/water mixtures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of four experiments investigating the ultrasonic properties of granular materials partially saturated with trichloroethylene (TCE), a dense non-aqueous contaminant. P-wave velocity measurements were made under in situ effective stress conditions using a pulse transmission cell at approximate to 250 kHz. Two synthetic samples and two natural aquifer cores were fully saturated with water and then subjected to an axial injection of TCE. The resulting measurements show reductions in P-wave velocity of up to 15% due to contaminant saturation. A theoretical model combining Gassmann fluid substitution and Hill's equation was used to estimate the effects of DNAPL saturation; this model underpredicted observed reductions in velocity at high TCE saturations. A linear relationship, expressed in terms of volumetric contaminant fraction, provided an excellent empirical fit to the laboratory measurements. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ajo-Franklin, JB (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, E34-566,42 Carleton St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM jfrank@erl.mit.edu RI Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/G-7169-2015; OI Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/0000-0002-6666-4702 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07404 DI 10.1029/2006GL029200 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157NF UT WOS:000245726200003 ER PT J AU Pierce, RA Campbell-Kelly, RP Visser, AE Laurinat, JE AF Pierce, Robert A. Campbell-Kelly, Robert P. Visser, Ann E. Laurinat, James E. TI Removal of chloride from acidic solutions using NO2 SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM-NITRATE AB Chloride (Cl-) salt processing in strong acids is used to recycle plutonium (Pu) from pyrochemical residues. As an alternative approach, a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sparge is shown to effectively remove Cl- from solutions containing 6-8 M acid (H+) and up to 5 M Cl-, possibly increasing flow sheet flexibility for processing chloride-bearing pyrochemical residues. With NO2, chloride removal occurs as a result of the competition of at least two reactions, one which is acid-dependent. Below 4 M H+, NO2 reacts with Cl- to produce nitrosyl chloride (ClNO). Between 6 and 8 M H+, the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with nitric acid (HNO3), facilitated by NO2, strongly affects the Cl- removal efficiency. The effect of heating the acidic Cl- salt solution without preheating the NO2 gas has minimal effect on Cl- removal efficiency when the contact times between NO2 and the salt solution are on the order of seconds. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Actinide Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Pierce, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Actinide Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Robert.Pierce@SRNL.doe.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2372 EP 2376 DI 10.1021/ie061167p PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 153CF UT WOS:000245408600019 ER PT J AU Banks, MG Heidrich-Meisner, F Honecker, A Rakoto, H Broto, JM Kremer, RK AF Banks, M. G. Heidrich-Meisner, F. Honecker, A. Rakoto, H. Broto, J-M Kremer, R. K. TI High field magnetization of the frustrated one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet LiCuVO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Highly Frustrated Magnetism CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan, Osaka, JAPAN HO Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan ID ZIGZAG SPIN CHAIN; PHASE-SEPARATION; CUGEO3; INCOMMENSURATE; RESONANCE; MAGNETISM; EXCHANGE; LADDERS; CUSP AB We have investigated the high field magnetization of the frustrated one-dimensional compound LiCuVO4. In zero field, LiCuVO4 undergoes long range antiferromagnetic order at T-N approximate to 2.5 K with a broad short range Schottky type anomaly due to one- dimensional correlations in the specific heat at 32 K. Application of a magnetic field induces a rich phase diagram. An anomaly in the derivative of the magnetization with respect to the applied magnetic field is seen at similar to 7.5 T with H parallel to c in the long range order phase. We investigated this in terms of a first experimental evidence of a middle field cusp singularity ( MFCS). Our numerical density matrix renormalization group results show that in the parameter range of LiCuVO4 as deduced by inelastic neutron scattering ( INS), there exists no MFCS. The anomaly in the derivative of themagnetization at similar to 7.5 T is therefore assigned to a change in the spin structure from the ab plane helix seen in zero field neutron diffraction. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses, F-31432 Toulouse, France. RP Banks, MG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM m.banks@fkf.mpg.de RI Honecker, Andreas/A-7941-2008; Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009; OI Honecker, Andreas/0000-0001-6383-3200; Banks, Michael/0000-0001-9254-5195 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 14 AR 145227 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/14/145227 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 156SP UT WOS:000245670300028 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Gasparovic, G Broholm, C Matsuda, M Chung, JH Kim, YJ Ueda, H Xu, G Zschack, P Kakurai, K Takagi, H Ratcliff, W Kim, TH Cheong, SW AF Lee, S. -H Gasparovic, G. Broholm, C. Matsuda, M. Chung, J.-H. Kim, Y. J. Ueda, H. Xu, G. Zschack, P. Kakurai, K. Takagi, H. Ratcliff, W. Kim, T. H. Cheong, S.-W. TI Crystal distortions in geometrically frustrated ACr(2)O(4) (A = Zn, Cd) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Highly Frustrated Magnetism CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan, Osaka, JAPAN HO Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPIN LIQUID AB In this paper, we discuss neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction data obtained from single crystals of ACr(2)O(4) (A = Zn, Cd). The Cr spinels undergo three-dimensional spin-Peierls transitions at low temperatures that involve cubic-totetragonal lattice distortions and magnetic long-range ordering. Our results show that the magnetic structures selected by these systems are closely related to the lattice distortions that are undertaken. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Neutron Scattering Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EWHA Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM shlee@virginia.edu RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 14 AR 145259 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/14/145259 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 156SP UT WOS:000245670300060 ER PT J AU Mutka, H Payen, C Ehlers, G Stewart, JR Bono, D Mendels, P AF Mutka, H. Payen, C. Ehlers, G. Stewart, J. R. Bono, D. Mendels, P. TI Low-temperature relaxation in kagome bilayer antiferromagnets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Highly Frustrated Magnetism CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan, Osaka, JAPAN HO Osaka Univ, Icho Kaikan ID MAGNETIC FRUSTRATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPIN DYNAMICS; SRCR8GA4O19; NEUTRON; SYSTEM; DILUTION; DEFECTS; LATTICE; GLASS AB The pyrochlore slab (kagome bilayer) compounds SrCr9xGa12-9xO19 ( SCGO; x < 1) and Ba(2)Sn(2)ZnCr(7)xGa(10-7)xO(22) (BSZCGO; x < 1), are frustrated systems with quite similar magnetic properties of the spin S = 3/2 Cr3+ ions. Neutron scattering studies have shown that the two compounds have a completely dynamic magnetic response in a broad temperature range. In both systems the development of short-ranged dynamic correlations leads to a low-T state that can be understood as local clusters with antiferromagnetic character. At liquid He temperatures a partial freezing of the magnetic fluctuations is observed as an increase of the elastic resolved response. A large majority of the magnetic moments remain fluctuating and one also observes a low-energy (long-time) relaxation in the vicinity of the macroscopic freezing. Time and temperature dependence of this relaxation appear system dependent without critical behaviour, and we conclude that the freezing is a consequence of the establishment of a coherent quantum state. C1 Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble 9, France. Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6502, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, UMR 8502, Lab Phys Solides, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Mutka, H (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, BP 156, Grenoble 9, France. EM mutka@ill.fr RI Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 14 AR 145254 DI 10.1088/0953-8954/14/145254 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 156SP UT WOS:000245670300055 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Bai, JL Jellinek, J Zeng, XC AF Wang, Jinlan Bai, Jaeil Jellinek, Julius Zeng, Xiao Cheng TI Gold-coated transition-metal anion [Mn-13@Au-20](-) with ultrahigh magnetic moment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; AU-20; CAGE; FE; CO AB Structures and magnetic properties of gold-coated transition-metal clusters [Mn-13@Au-20](-) and [Co-13@Au-20](-) are studied within the framework of gradient-corrected density functional theory. The gold coating can result in either an enhanced or an attenuated effect on the magnetism of the core clusters. For [Mn-13@Au-20](-), the total magnetic moment is greatly enhanced to as high as 44 mu(B), more than 20-fold higher than that of the bare Mn-13(-) cluster. For [Co-13@Au-20](-), however, the gold coating gives rise to an attenuation effect which leads to a reduction of the magnetic moment to 20 mu(B) from 30 mu(B) of the bare Co-13(-) cluster. C1 SE Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zeng, XC (reprint author), SE Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. EM xczeng@phase2.unl.edu RI Wang, Jinlan/B-3507-2012; Bai, Jaeil /E-7909-2011; Wang, Jinlan/B-3503-2012 OI Bai, Jaeil /0000-0002-9647-6382; Wang, Jinlan/0000-0002-4529-874X NR 30 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 14 BP 4110 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0664234 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 157MJ UT WOS:000245723800001 PM 17367134 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A Kumar, P AF Panaitescu, A. Kumar, P. TI A unified picture for the gamma-ray and prompt optical emissions of GRB 990123 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; shock waves; gamma-rays : bursts ID 23 JANUARY 1999; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BURST AFTERGLOW; REVERSE SHOCK; GRB 990123; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; LIGHT-CURVE; FLASH AB The prompt optical emission of GRB 990123 was uncorrelated to the gamma-ray light curve and exhibited temporal properties similar to those of the steeply decaying, early X-ray emission observed by Swift at the end of many bursts. These facts suggest that the optical counterpart of GRB 990123 was the large-angle emission released during ( the second pulse of) the burst. If the optical and gamma-ray emissions of GRB 990123 have, indeed, the same origin then their properties require that (i) the optical counterpart was synchrotron emission and gamma-rays arose from inverse-Compton scatterings ( the 'synchrotron self-Compton model'), (ii) the peak energy of the optical-synchrotron component was at similar to 20 eV and (iii) the burst emission was produced by a relativistic outflow moving at Lorentz factor greater than or similar to 450 and at a radius greater than or similar to 10(15) cm, which is comparable to the outflow deceleration radius. Because the spectrum of GRB 990123 was optically thin above 2 keV, the magnetic field behind the shock must have decayed on a length-scale of less than or similar to 1 per cent of the thickness of the shocked gas, which corresponds to 10(6) - 10(7) plasma skin depths. Consistency of the optical counterpart decay rate and its spectral slope ( or that of the burst, if they represent different spectral components) with the expectations for the large-angle burst emission represents the most direct test of the unifying picture proposed here for GRB 990123. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alin@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 376 IS 3 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11398.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 155YN UT WOS:000245614800011 ER PT J AU Kewish, CM Assoufid, L Macrander, AT Qian, J AF Kewish, Cameron M. Assoufid, Lahsen Macrander, Albert T. Qian, Jun TI Wave-optical simulation of hard-x-ray nanofocusing by precisely figured elliptical mirrors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ MIRRORS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; REFLECTIVE OPTICS; FABRICATION; SCATTERING; ESRF; SPECIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; MULTILAYER; SYSTEM AB Computer simulations of nanofocusing by elliptical mirrors are presented wherein the diffraction and propagation of coherent hard x rays are predicted using wave-optical calculations. Surface height data acquired via microstitching interferometry were used to calculate the complex pupil function of a mirror, taking into account the Fresnel reflectivity and treating the surface topography as an aberration to a perfect elliptical mirror. The reflected wave-field amplitude and phase downstream of the mirror were obtained by numerically evaluating the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral. Simulated intensity profiles and contours (isophotes) around the focal plane are presented for coherent illumination by a 15 keV point source, which indicate nearly diffraction-limited focusing at the 40 ran level. The effect of high spatial frequency microroughness on nanofocusing was investigated by low-pass filtering the Fourier spectrum of the residual height profile. Simulations using the filtered metrology data confirmed that roughness length scales shorter than 0.1 mm have a minor effect on the focal spot size and intensity. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kewish, CM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kewish@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2010 EP 2021 DI 10.1364/AO.46.002010 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151UT UT WOS:000245317000009 PM 17384715 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PE Klopf, JM Norris, PM AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Klopf, J. Michael Norris, Pamela M. TI Influence of interband transitions on electron-phonon coupling measurements in Ni films SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER DAMAGE; FERROMAGNETIC NICKEL; SPIN DYNAMICS; FERMI-SURFACE; HEAT-TRANSFER; HOT-ELECTRON; METAL-FILMS; GOLD; GENERATION; EXCITATION AB The reduction in size and the increase in speed of opto- and magnetoelectronic devices is making the probability of nonequilibrium electron-phonon phenomena greater, leading to increased thermal resistance in these devices. The measurement of electron-phonon coupling in materials in these devices is becoming increasingly important for accurate thermal management. Here femtosecond thermoreflectance is used to measure the electron-phonon coupling factor in thin Ni films of varying thickness grown on Si and glass substrates. The thermoreflectance response is measured at 1.3 and 1.55 eV, yielding drastically different responses due to the Fermi-level transition at 1.3 eV in Ni. The influence of this transition on the thermoreflectance response results in a measurement of the electron-phonon coupling factor that is twice as high as that recorded in previous measurements that were unaffected by the Fermi-level transition. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Jefferson Lab, Free Electron Laser Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 400746, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM pamela@virginia.edu NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2076 EP 2083 DI 10.1364/AO.46.002076 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151UT UT WOS:000245317000017 PM 17384723 ER PT J AU Asztalos, S de Vries, WH Rosenberg, LJ Treadway, T Burke, D Claver, C Saha, A Puxley, P AF Asztalos, S. de Vries, W. H. Rosenberg, L. J. Treadway, T. Burke, D. Claver, C. Saha, A. Puxley, P. TI Properties of ellipticity correlation with atmospheric structure from Gemini South SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; dark matter; gravitational lensing AB Cosmic shear holds great promise for a precision independent measurement of Omega(m), the mass density of the universe relative to the critical density. The signal is expected to be weak, so a thorough understanding of systematic effects is crucial. An important systematic effect is the atmosphere: shear power introduced by the atmosphere is larger than the expected signal. Algorithms exist to extract the cosmic shear from the atmospheric component, although a measure of their success applied to a range of seeing conditions is lacking. To gain insight into atmospheric shear, Gemini South imaging, in conjunction with ground condition and satellite wind data, was obtained. We find that under good seeing conditions point-spread function (PSF) correlations persist well beyond the separation typical of high-latitude stars. Under these conditions, ellipticity residuals based on a simple PSF interpolation can be reduced to within a factor of a few of the shot noise induced ellipticity floor. We also find that the ellipticity residuals are highly correlated with wind direction. Finally, we correct stellar shapes using a more sophisticated procedure and generate shear statistics from stars. Under all seeing conditions in our data set the residual correlations lie everywhere below the target signal level. For good seeing we find that the systematic error attributable to atmospheric turbulence is comparable in magnitude to the statistical error ( shape noise) over angular scales relevant to present lensing surveys. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Asztalos, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI SAHA, ABHIJIT/0000-0002-6839-4881 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1086/512048 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300004 ER PT J AU Jha, S Riess, AG Kirshner, RP AF Jha, Saurabh Riess, Adam G. Kirshner, Robert P. TI Improved distances to type Ia supernovae with multicolor light-curve shapes: MLCS2k2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; distance scale; galaxies : distances and redshifts; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; HOST GALAXY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY; INTERSTELLAR DUST; PRECISE DISTANCE; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD AB We present an updated version of the multicolor light-curve shape method to measure distances to Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), incorporating new procedures for K-correction and extinction corrections. We also develop a simple model to disentangle intrinsic color variations and reddening by dust and expand the method to incorporate U-band light curves and to more easily accommodate prior constraints on any of the model parameters. We apply this method to 133 nearby SNe Ia, including 95 objects in the Hubble flow ( cz >= 2500 km s(-1)), which give an intrinsic dispersion of less than 7% in distance. The Hubble flow sample, which is of critical importance to all cosmological uses of SNe Ia, is the largest ever presented with homogeneous distances. We find that the Hubble flow SNe with H(0)d(SN) >= 7400 km s(-1) yield an expansion rate that is 6.5% +/- 1.8% lower than the rate determined from SNe within that distance, and this can have a large effect on measurements of the dark energy equation of state with SNe Ia. Peculiar velocities of SN Ia host galaxies in the rest frame of the Local Group are consistent with the dipole measured in the cosmic microwave background. Direct fits of SNe Ia that are significantly reddened by dust in their host galaxies suggest that their mean extinction law may be described by R-V similar or equal to 2: 7, but optical colors alone provide weak constraints on R-V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jha, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM saurabh@slac.stanford.edu NR 114 TC 412 Z9 415 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 122 EP 148 DI 10.1086/512054 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300008 ER PT J AU Kronberg, PP Kothes, R Salter, CJ Perillat, P AF Kronberg, P. P. Kothes, R. Salter, C. J. Perillat, P. TI Discovery of new faint radio emission on 8(circle) to 3 ' scales in the coma field, and some galactic and extragalactic implications SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE large-scale structure of universe; radio continuum : general ID CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; SYNTHESIS TELESCOPE; IMMEDIATE VICINITY; FARADAY-ROTATION; SKY SURVEY; CLUSTER; GALAXIES; ACCELERATION AB We present a deep, 8 degrees diameter, 0.4 GHz radio image using a first-time combination of the NAIC Arecibo 305 m telescope in Puerto Rico and the wide-angle interferometer at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory at Penticton, Canada. Our observations are centered on the Coma Cluster of galaxies in the "GreatWall'' of galaxies near the north Galactic pole. The complementary nature of these two instruments enables us to produce a distortion-free image that is sensitive to radiation on scales from 8 degrees down to that of an individual galaxy halo at the 100 Mpc distance of the Great Wall. Newly revealed patches of distributed radio "glow'' are seen well above the detection limit. One prominent such area coincides with groupings of radio galaxies near the Coma Cluster and indicates intergalactic magnetic fields in the range 0.2-0.4 mu G on scales of up to similar to 4 Mpc. Other patches of diffuse emission, not previously explored at these high latitudes on arcminute scales, probably consist of Galactic "cirrus.'' A striking anticorrelation is found between low-level diffuse radio glow and some regions of enhanced optical galaxy surface density, suggesting that cosmological large-scale structure, normally defined by the baryonic (or dark) matter density, is not uniquely traced by faint continuum radio glow. Rather, intergalactic diffuse synchrotron radiation may be a proxy for IGM cosmic-ray and magnetic energy density, rather than matter density. The diffuse, arcminute-level structures over a large region of sky are potentially important pathfinders to CMB foreground radiation on high multipole scales. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Radio Astrophys Observ, Penticton, BC V2A 6K3, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Kronberg, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1086/511512 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300021 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Liu, SM Rockefeller, G Hungerford, A Belanger, G AF Fryer, Christopher L. Liu, Siming Rockefeller, Gabriel Hungerford, Aimee Belanger, Guillaume TI Probing the density in the Galactic center region: Wind-blown bubbles and high-energy proton constraints SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; Galaxy : center; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : winds, outflows; turbulence ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; CIRCUMNUCLEAR DISK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEV EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; A-ASTERISK; SGR-A; PARSECS; PROGENITORS AB Recent observations of the Galactic center in high-energy gamma-rays (above 0.1 TeV) have opened up new ways to study this region, from understanding the emission source of these high-energy photons to constraining the environment in which they are formed. We present a revised theoretical density model of the inner 5 pc surrounding Sgr A* based on the fact that the underlying structure of this region is dominated by the winds from the Wolf-Rayet stars orbiting Sgr A*. The high-energy gamma-ray emission is an ideal probe and application of this density structure. We assume a proton scattering model for the production of these gamma-rays and then determine, first, whether such a model is consistent with the observations and, second, whether we can use these observations to further constrain the density distribution in the Galactic center. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010; liu, siming/B-5389-2011; OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097; Belanger, Guillaume/0000-0003-4810-1268 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1086/512079 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300033 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, NV Connolly, BM AF Kuznetsova, Natalia V. Connolly, Brian M. TI A probabilistic approach to classifying supernovae using photometric information SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IA SUPERNOVAE; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; LEGACY SURVEY; REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTION; RATES; LIGHT AB This paper presents a novel method for determining the probability that a supernova candidate belongs to a known supernova type (such as Ia, Ibc, IIL, etc.) using its photometric information alone. It is validated with Monte Carlo simulations, and both space-and ground-based data. We examine the application of the method to well-sampled as well as poorly sampled supernova light curves and investigate to what extent the best currently available supernova models can be used for typing supernova candidates. Central to the method is the assumption that a supernova candidate belongs to a group of objects that can be modeled; we therefore discuss possible ways of removing anomalous or less well understood events from the sample. This method is particularly advantageous for analyses where the purity of the supernova sample is important, or for those where it is important to know the number of the supernova candidates of a certain type (e. g., in supernova rate studies). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kuznetsova, NV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 530 EP 540 DI 10.1086/511814 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300043 ER PT J AU Leutenegger, MA Owocki, SP Kahn, SM Paerels, FBS AF Leutenegger, Maurice A. Owocki, Stanley P. Kahn, Steven M. Paerels, Frits B. S. TI Evidence for the importance of resonance scattering in X-ray emission line profiles of the O star xi Puppis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : individual (xi Puppis); stars : winds, outflows; techniques : spectroscopic ID HOT-STAR; ZETA-PUPPIS; STELLAR WINDS; CHANDRA SPECTRUM; ATOMIC DATABASE; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIONIS; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; SIGNATURES AB We fit the Doppler profiles of the He-like triplet complexes of O vii and N vi in the X-ray spectrum of the O star zeta Pup, using XMM-Newton RGS data collected over similar to 400 ks of exposure. We find that they cannot be well fit if the resonance and intercombination lines are constrained to have the same profile shape. However, a significantly better fit is achieved with a model incorporating the effects of resonance scattering, which causes the resonance line to become more symmetric than the intercombination line for a given characteristic continuum optical depth tau(*). We discuss the plausibility of this hypothesis, as well as its significance for our understanding of Doppler profiles of X-ray emission lines in O stars. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Leutenegger, MA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM maurice@astro.columbia.edu NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 642 EP 649 DI 10.1086/512031 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300052 ER PT J AU Hannah, IG Hurford, GJ Hudson, HS Lin, RP van Bibber, K AF Hannah, I. G. Hurford, G. J. Hudson, H. S. Lin, R. P. van Bibber, K. TI First limits on the 3-200 keV X-ray spectrum of the quiet Sun using RHESSI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE elementary particles; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTROMETER; MICROFLARES; NANOFLARES; CHIANTI; FLARES AB We present the first results using the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) to observe solar X-ray emission not associated with active regions, sunspots, or flares ( the quiet Sun). Using a newly developed chopping technique (fan-beam modulation) during seven periods of offpointing between 2005 June and 2006 October, we obtained upper limits over 3-200 keV for the quietest times when the GOES 12 1-8 angstrom flux fell below 10(-8) W m(-2). These values are smaller than previous limits in the 17-120 keV range and extend them to both lower and higher energies. The limit in 3-6 keV is consistent with a coronal temperature <= 6 MK. For quiet-Sun periods when the GOES 12 1-8 angstrom background flux was between 10(-8) and 10(-7) W m(-2), the RHESSI 3-6 keV flux correlates to this as a power law, with an index of. The power-law 1.08 +/- 0.13 correlation for microflares has a steeper index of. We also discuss the possibility of observing quiet-1.29 +/- 0.06 Sun X-rays due to solar axions and use the RHESSI quiet-Sun limits to estimate the axion-to-photon coupling constant for two different axion emission scenarios. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hannah, IG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hannah@ssl.berkeley.edu; hurford@ssl.berkeley.edu; hudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; rplin@ssl.berkeley.edu; vanbibber1@llnl.gov RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011 OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP L77 EP L80 DI 10.1086/516750 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EM UT WOS:000245774100020 ER PT J AU Moskalenko, IV Wai, LL AF Moskalenko, Igor V. Wai, Lawrence L. TI Dark matter burners SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; dark matter; elementary particles; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : evolution; stars : general ID GALACTIC-CENTER; WHITE-DWARFS; ANNIHILATION; STARS AB We show that a star orbiting close enough to an adiabatically grown supermassive black hole (SMBH) can capture weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) at an extremely high rate. The stellar luminosity due to annihilation of captured WIMPs in the stellar core may be comparable to or even exceed the luminosity of the star due to thermonuclear burning. The model thus predicts the existence of unusual stars, essentially WIMP burners, in the vicinity of a SMBH. We find that the most efficient WIMP burners are stars with degenerate electron cores, e. g., white dwarfs (WDs); such WDs may have a very high surface temperature. If found, such stars would provide evidence for the existence of particle dark matter and can possibly be used to establish its density profile. On the other hand, the lack of such unusual stars may provide constraints on the WIMP density near the SMBH, as well as the WIMP-nucleus scattering and pair annihilation cross sections. C1 Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Moskalenko, IV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM imos@stanford.edu; wai@slac.stanford.edu RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007 OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X NR 26 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP L29 EP L32 DI 10.1086/516708 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EM UT WOS:000245774100008 ER PT J AU Zucker, DB Kniazev, AY Martinez-Delgado, D Bell, EF Rix, HW Grebel, EK Holtzman, JA Walterbos, RAM Rockosi, CM York, DG Barentine, JC Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Zucker, Daniel B. Kniazev, Alexei Y. Martinez-Delgado, David Bell, Eric F. Rix, Hans-Walter Grebel, Eva K. Holtzman, Jon A. Walterbos, Rene A. M. Rockosi, Constance M. York, Donald G. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, Howard Brinkmann, J. Harvanek, Michael Kleinman, S. J. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie A. TI Andromeda X, a new dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31: Photometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (Andromeda IX, Andromeda X); local group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY SATELLITE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; GALAXY FORMATION; URSA-MAJOR; OUTER HALO; SYSTEM; PHOTOIONIZATION; COMPANIONS; TELESCOPE AB We report the discovery of Andromeda X, a new dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31, based on stellar photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using follow-up imaging data we have estimated its distance and other physical properties. We find that Andromeda X has a dereddened central surface brightness mu(V,0) similar to 26.7 mag arcsec(-2) and a total apparent magnitude of V-tot similar to 16.1 which at the derived distance modulus, (m - M)(0) similar to 24.12-24.34, yields an absolute magnitude of M-V similar to -8.1 +/- 0.5; these values are quite comparable to those of Andromeda IX, a previously discovered low-luminosity M31 satellite. The discoveries of Andromeda X and of numerous other extremely faint satellites around M31 and the Milky Way in the past few years suggest that such objects may be plentiful in the Local Group. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zucker, DB (reprint author), Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM zucker@ast.cam.ac.uk OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 42 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/516748 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EM UT WOS:000245774100006 ER PT J AU Zou, YZ Li, C Brunzelle, JS Nair, SK AF Zou, Yaozhong Li, Chong Brunzelle, Joseph S. Nair, Satish K. TI Molecular basis for substrate selectivity and specificity by an LPS biosynthetic enzyme SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADP-RIBOSE PYROPHOSPHATASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUDIX HYDROLASES; O-ANTIGEN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MECHANISM; SALMONELLA; ENDOTOXINS; DIVERSITY; DENSITY AB Diversity in the polysaccharide component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to the persistence and pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacteria. The Nudix hydrolase GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase (Gmm) contributes to this diversity by regulating the concentration of mannose in LPS biosynthetic pathways. Here, we present seven high-resolution crystal structures of Gmm from the enteropathogenic E. coli strain O128: the structure of the apo enzyme, the cocrystal structure of Gmm bound to the product Mg2+-GDP, two cocrystal structures of precatalytic and turnover complexes of Gmm-Ca2+-GDP-alpha-D-mannose, and three cocrystal structures of an inactive mutant (His-124 -> Leu) Gmm bound to substrates GDP-alpha-D-mannose, GDP-alpha-D-glucose, and GDP-beta-L-fucose. These crystal structures help explain the molecular basis for substrate specificity and promiscuity and provide a structural framework for reconciling previously determined kinetic parameters. Unexpectedly, these structures reveal concerted changes in the enzyme structure that result in the formation of a catalytically competent active site only in the presence of the substrate/product. These structural views of the enzyme may provide a rationale for the design of inhibitors that target the biosynthesis of LPS by pathogenic bacteria. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Life Sci Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nair, SK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM snair@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 14 BP 4294 EP 4304 DI 10.1021/bi061056u PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 152OD UT WOS:000245370400009 PM 17371001 ER PT J AU Bernholdt, DE AF Bernholdt, David E. TI Special issue: Component and framework technology in high-performance and scientific computing SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARCHITECTURE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernholdt, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1002/cpe.1054 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 155IY UT WOS:000245572300001 ER PT J AU Gel, A Pannala, S Syamlal, M O'Brien, TJ Gel, ES AF Gel, A. Pannala, S. Syamlal, M. O'Brien, T. J. Gel, E. S. TI Comparison of frameworks for a next-generation multiphase flow solver, MFIX: a group decision-making exercise SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Component and Framework Technology in High-Performance and Scientific Computing CY 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE problem-solving environment (PSE); frameworks; multiphase flows; multi-criteria decision making; analytic hierarchy process AB Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the multiphase flows that occur in a wide range of engineering applications and natural processes. A multiphase CFD code called Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) has been under development at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) since the 1980s for modeling the multiphase flows that occur in fossil fuel reactors. CFD codes such as MFIX are equipped with a number of numerical algorithms to solve a large set of coupled partial differential equations over three-dimensional grids consisting of hundreds of thousands of cells on parallel computers. Currently the next-generation version of MFIX is under development with the goal of building a multiphase problem-solving environment (PSE) that would facilitate the simple reuse of modern software components by application scientists. Several open-source frameworks were evaluated to identify the best-suited framework for the multiphase PSE. There are many requirements for the multiphase PSE and each of these open-source frameworks offers functionalities that satisfy the requirements to varying extents. Therefore, matching the requirements and the functionalities is not a simple task and requires a systematic and quantitative decision-making procedure. We present a multi-criteria decision-making approach for determining a major system design decision and demonstrate its application on the framework-selection problem. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Aeolus Res Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85044 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computath Math Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Gel, A (reprint author), Aeolus Res Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85044 USA. EM aike@aeolusresearch.com RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 609 EP 624 DI 10.1002/cpe.1085 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 155IY UT WOS:000245572300005 ER PT J AU Jones, J Sosonkina, M Saad, Y AF Jones, J. Sosonkina, M. Saad, Y. TI Component-based iterative methods for sparse linear systems SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Component and Framework Technology in High-Performance and Scientific Computing CY 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE component architecture; iterative methods; sparse matrices AB Iterative methods play an important role in solving large-scale systems of linear equations that arise in real-world applications. Due to numerous linear system properties that may affect the solution, it is rather difficult for a user to develop a good sparse linear system solver from scratch. Thus, various collections of solution methods are made available to the user. One such software package is SPARSKIT, which is well known in the scientific community. Written in FORTRAN77 and provided with a cumbersome interface, it is considered, however, a legacy code. Our objective is to enable its wider usage in modern applications and to facilitate further SPARSKIT enhancements. Applying a 'peer-component' design, we have created a set of SPARSKIT components that: (a) incorporate both original and new iterative methods; (b) are readily extensible with more methods; (c) may be connected to applications in a component framework; and (d) provide access from a variety of programming languages. Tools available from the Common Component Architecture (CCA) Forum enabled our component design of SPARSKIT. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jonesj@scl.ameslab.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1002/cpe.1057 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 155IY UT WOS:000245572300006 ER PT J AU Wilde, T Kohl, JA AF Wilde, Torsten Kohl, James A. TI Debugging high-performance component-based applications SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Component and Framework Technology in High-Performance and Scientific Computing CY 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE CCA; components; debugging; event tracing AB Component frameworks for high-performance computing (HPC) have special requirements that distinguish them from general component frameworks and other traditional/monolithic codes. HPC component-based applications have a crucial need for correct, high-performance execution across a variety of open-source and proprietary component compositions, potentially incorporating several different programming languages. This paper targets the unique challenges associated with debugging HPC component-based applications in the Common Component Architecture (CCA). We propose to take advantage of the well-defined code separation created by component interfaces or 'ports' by logging port method invocations and capturing the corresponding data arguments. This approach makes it possible to find and isolate faulty components, simulate their invocation for specific debugging analyses, check data argument validity and boundaries, and create inputs for black-box testing. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kohl, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kohlja@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 667 EP 684 DI 10.1002/cpe.1056 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 155IY UT WOS:000245572300009 ER PT J AU Trebon, N Morris, A Ray, J Shende, S Malony, AD AF Trebon, Nick Morris, Allen Ray, Jaideep Shende, Sameer Malony, A. D. TI Performance modeling of component assemblies SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Component and Framework Technology in High-Performance and Scientific Computing CY 2005 CL Atlanta, GA DE component; performance; TAU AB A parallel component environment places constraints on performance measurement and modeling. For instance, it must be possible to instrument the application without access to the source code. In addition, a component may admit multiple implementations, based on the choice of algorithm, data structure, parallelization strategy, etc., posing the user with the problem of having to choose the 'correct' implementation and achieve an optimal (fastest) component assembly. Under the assumption that an empirical performance model exists for each implementation of each component, simply choosing the optimal implementation of each component does not guarantee an optimal component assembly since components interact with each other. An optimal solution may be obtained by evaluating the performance of all of the possible realizations of a component assembly given the components and all of their implementations, but the exponential complexity renders the approach unfeasible as the number of components and their implementations rise. This paper describes a non-intrusive, coarse-grained performance monitoring system that allows the user to gather performance data through the use of proxies. In addition, a simple optimization library that identifies a nearly optimal configuration is proposed. Finally, some experimental results are presented that illustrate the measurement and optimization strategies. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Comp Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Trebon, N (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Comp Sci, 120 Deschutes Hall,1020, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM ntrebon@cs.uoregon.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1002/cpe.1076 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 155IY UT WOS:000245572300010 ER PT J AU Hickman, RJ Gutierrez, MS AF Hickman, R. J. Gutierrez, M. S. TI Formulation of a three-dimensional rate-dependent constitutive model for chalk and porous rocks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE chalk; porous rock; cap plasticity; creep ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; VISCOPLASTIC MODEL; CLAYS; FLUID; CREEP; OIL AB Rate-dependent behaviour of chalk and other porous rocks has undergone widespread study in geomechanics due to its implications on the performance of engineering structures. We present a rate-dependent constitutive model for chalk and other porous rocks with several new features. The model formulation is based on a viscoplastic rate-lines approach in which the axial strain rate depends on the proximity of the stress point to an elliptical reference surface. A non-associated viscoplastic potential surface and an axial scaling algorithm are used to determine the viscoplastic strain components. The model predicts that axial yields stress varies as a power function of applied axial strain rate, as shown by published laboratory data. Comparisons with published experimental data indicate that the model is capable of reproducing observed rate-dependent behaviour of chalk under a variety of loading conditions. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hickman, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM rhickma@sandia.gov RI Gutierrez, Marte/M-6917-2014 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0363-9061 EI 1096-9853 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MET JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 583 EP 605 DI 10.1002/nag.546 PG 23 WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 153RG UT WOS:000245452100002 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK Nelson, BD AF Gaillard, Mary K. Nelson, Brent D. TI Kahler stabilized, modular invariant heterotic string models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review DE heterotic string phenomenology; supersymmetric models; supergravity ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORIES; EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; DEPENDENT GAUGE COUPLINGS; GREEN-SCHWARZ MECHANISM; FAYET-ILIOPOULOS TERMS; YANG-MILLS MATTER; SUPERSTRING MODELS; ONE-LOOP; ORBIFOLD COMPACTIFICATIONS AB We review the theory and phenomenology of effective supergravity theories based on orbifold compactifications of the weakly-coupled heterotic string. In particular, we consider theories in which the four-dimensional theory displays target space modular invariance and where the dilatonic mode undergoes Kahler stabilization. A self-contained exposition of effective Lagrangian approaches to gaugino condensation and heterotic string theory is presented, leading to the development of the models of Binetruy, Gaillard and Wu. Various aspects of the phenomenology of this class of models are considered. These include issues of supersymmetry breaking and superpartner spectra, the role of anomalous U(1) factors, issues of flavor and R-parity conservation, collider signatures, axion physics, and early universe cosmology. For the vast majority of phenomenological considerations the theories reviewed here compare quite favorably to other string-derived models in the literature. Theoretical objections to the framework and directions for further research are identified and discussed. C1 [Gaillard, Mary K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gaillard, Mary K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nelson, Brent D.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gaillard, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MKGaillard@lbl.gov; b.nelson@neu.edu NR 253 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8-9 BP 1451 EP 1588 DI 10.1142/S0217751X07036439 PG 138 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 242GI UT WOS:000251712100001 ER PT J AU Gopal, AK Rajendran, JG Gooley, TA Pagel, JM Fisher, DR Petersdorf, SH Maloney, DG Eary, JF Appelbaum, FR Press, OW AF Gopal, Ajay K. Rajendran, Joseph G. Gooley, Ted A. Pagel, John M. Fisher, Darrell R. Petersdorf, Stephen H. Maloney, David G. Eary, Janet F. Appelbaum, Frederick R. Press, Oliver W. TI High-dose [I-131]tositumomab (anti-CD20) radioimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adults >= 60 years old with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; ADVANCED FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL; PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; CANCER-TREATMENT TRIALS; AGGRESSIVE LYMPHOMA; ANTIBODY THERAPY; ELDERLY-PATIENTS AB Purpose The majority of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are older than 60 years, yet they are often denied potentially curative high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantations (ASCT) because of the risk of excessive treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Myeloablative anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can deliver curative radiation doses to tumor sites while limiting exposure to normal organs and may be particularly suited for older adults requiring high-dose therapy. Patients and Methods Patients older than 60 years with relapsed B-cell NHL (B-NHL) received infusions of tositumomab anti-CD20 antibody labeled with 185 to 370 Mbq ( 5 to 10 mCi) [I-131]-tracer for dosimetry purposes followed 10 days later by individualized therapeutic infusions of [ 131I] tositumomab ( median, 19.4 Gbq [ 525 mCi]; range, 12.1 to 42.7 Gbq [ 328 to 1,154 mCi]) to deliver 25 to 27 Gy to the critical normal organ receiving the highest radiation dose. ASCT was performed approximately 2 weeks after therapy. Results Twenty-four patients with a median age of 64 years ( range, 60 to 76 years), who had received a median of four prior regimens ( range, two to 14 regimens), were treated. Thirteen patients (54%) had chemotherapy-resistant disease. The estimated 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 59% and 51%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 2.9 years ( range, 1 to 6 years). All patients experienced expected myeloablation with engraftment of platelets (>= 20 K/mu L) and neutrophils ( >= 500/mu L), occurring at a median of 9 and 15 days after ASCT, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths, and only two patients experienced grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity. Conclusion Myeloablative RIT and ASCT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for older adults with relapsed B-NHL. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Div Nucl Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gopal, AK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle Canc Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E G6-800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM agopal@u.washington.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K23CA85479, P01CA44991, KO8CA95448] NR 60 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1396 EP 1402 DI 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.1215 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 159FX UT WOS:000245851900017 PM 17312330 ER PT J AU Griffith, BE Hornung, RD McQueen, DM Peskin, CS AF Griffith, Boyce E. Hornung, Richard D. McQueen, David M. Peskin, Charles S. TI An adaptive, formally second order accurate version of the immersed boundary method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE immersed boundary method; fluid-structure interaction; adaptive mesh refinement; projection method; convergence; cardiac mechanics; blood flow; hemodynamics ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONAL METHOD; VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; PROJECTION METHOD; BLOOD-FLOW; APPROXIMATE PROJECTION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; MESH REFINEMENT; HEAT-EQUATION; SOAP FILM AB Like many problems in biofluid mechanics, cardiac mechanics can be modeled as the dynamic interaction of a viscous incompressible fluid (the blood) and a (visco-)elastic structure (the muscular walls and the valves of the heart). The immersed boundary method is a mathematical formulation and numerical approach to such problems that was originally introduced to study blood flow through heart valves, and extensions of this work have yielded a three-dimensional model of the heart and great vessels. In the present work, we introduce a new adaptive version of the immersed boundary method. This adaptive scheme employs the same hierarchical structured grid approach (but a different numerical scheme) as the two-dimensional adaptive immersed boundary method of Roma et al. [A multilevel self adaptive version of the immersed boundary method, Ph.D. Thesis, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1996; An adaptive version of the immersed boundary method, J. Comput. Phys. 153 (2) (1999) 509-534] and is based on a formally second order accurate (i.e., second order accurate for problems with sufficiently smooth solutions) version of the immersed boundary method that we have recently described [B.E. Griffith, C.S. Peskin, On the order of accuracy of the immersed boundary method: higher order convergence rates for sufficiently smooth problems, J. Comput. Phys. 208 (1) (2005) 75-105]. Actual second order convergence rates are obtained for both the uniform and adaptive methods by considering the interaction of a viscous incompressible flow and an anisotropic incompressible viscoelastic shell. We also present initial results from the application of this methodology to the three-dimensional simulation of blood flow in the heart and great vessels. The results obtained by the adaptive method show good qualitative agreement with simulation results obtained by earlier non-adaptive versions of the method, but the flow in the vicinity of the model heart valves indicates that the new methodology provides enhanced boundary layer resolution. Differences are also observed in the flow about the mitral valve leaflets. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffith, BE (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM griffith@cims.nyu.edu; hornung@llnl.gov; mcqueen@cims.nyu.edu; peskin@cims.nyu.edu RI Tay, Wee Beng/B-1095-2010 NR 52 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 10 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.08.019 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300002 ER PT J AU Machorro, E AF Machorro, Eric TI Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method applied to the 1-D spherical neutron transport equation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE linear hyperbolic equation; neutron transport; finite elements; corner balance method; diamond difference method; discontinuous Galerkin methods; spherical geometry Sn equations AB Discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods are used to estimate solutions to the non-scattering I-D spherical neutron transport equation. Various trial and test spaces are compared in the context of a few sample problems whose exact solution is known. Certain trial spaces avoid unphysical behaviors that seem to plague other methods. Comparisons with diamond differencing and simple corner-balancing are presented to highlight these improvements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Machorro, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-419, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM machorro@amath.washington.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.08.020 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300004 ER PT J AU Evans, KJ Knoll, DA Pernice, M AF Evans, Katherine J. Knoll, D. A. Pernice, Michael TI Enhanced algorithm efficiency for phase change convection using a multigrid preconditioner with a SIMPLE smoother SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Newton-Krylov; geometric multigrid; SIMPLE smoother; phase change convection ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD AB This note extends previous work that used the pressure correction method SIMPLE as a preconditioner to solve two-dimensional unsteady phase change problems. Here we examine the impact of using SIMPLE as a smoother to multigrid for such problems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kevans@lanl.gov OI Evans, Katherine/0000-0001-8174-6450 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.09.003 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300008 ER PT J AU Capolino, F Wilton, DR Johnson, WA AF Capolino, F. Wilton, D. R. Johnson, W. A. TI Efficient computation of the 3D Green's function for the Helmholtz operator for a linear array of point sources using the Ewald method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE arrays; series acceleration; fast methods; green function; gratings; numerical methods; periodic structures ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES; SERIES AB The Ewald method is applied to accelerate the evaluation of the Green's function (GF) of an infinite equispaced linear array of point sources with linear phasing. Only a few terms are needed to evaluate Ewald sums, which are cast in terms of error functions and exponential integrals, to high accuracy. It is shown analytically that the choice of the standard "optimal" Ewald splitting parameter E(0) causes overflow errors at high frequencies (period large compared to the wavelength), and convergence rates are analyzed. A recipe for selecting the Ewald splitting parameter is provided. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Siena, Dept Informat Engn, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Capolino, F (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Informat Engn, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM capolino@dii.unisi.it NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 250 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.09.013 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300014 ER PT J AU Banks, JW Schwendeman, DW Kapila, AK Henshaw, WD AF Banks, J. W. Schwendeman, D. W. Kapila, A. K. Henshaw, W. D. TI A high-resolution Godunov method for compressible multi-material flow on overlapping grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Euler equations; compressible flow; Godunov methods; overlapping grids; multi-material flows ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; GHOST FLUID METHOD; MULTICOMPONENT FLOW; SHOCK; INTERFACES; PROPAGATION; SCHEME AB A numerical method is described for inviscid, compressible, multi-material flow in two space dimensions. The flow is governed by the multi-material Euler equations with a general mixture equation of state. Composite overlapping grids are used to handle complex flow geometry and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is used to locally increase grid resolution near shocks and material interfaces. The discretization of the governing equations is based on a high-resolution Godunov method, but includes an energy correction designed to suppress numerical errors that develop near a material interface for standard, conservative shock-capturing schemes. The energy correction is constructed based on a uniform-pressure-velocity flow and is significant only near the captured interface. A variety of two-material flows are presented to verify the accuracy of the numerical approach and to illustrate its use. These flows assume an equation of state for the mixture based on the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) forms for the components. This equation of state includes a mixture of ideal gases as a special case. Flow problems considered include unsteady one-dimensional shock-interface collision, steady interaction of a planar interface and an oblique shock, planar shock interaction with a collection of gas-filled cylindrical inhomogeneities, and the impulsive motion of the two-component mixture in a rigid cylindrical vessel. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schwendeman, DW (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM schwed@rpi.edu RI Banks, Jeffrey/A-9718-2012 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 262 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.09.014 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300015 ER PT J AU Schlamp, S Hathorn, BC AF Schlamp, Stefan Hathorn, Bryan C. TI Higher moments of the velocity distribution function in dense-gas shocks SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alignment; orientation; angular momentum; nitrogen; 2-center Lennard-Jones ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; WAVE STRUCTURE; NITROGEN; ARGON; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES; MPA AB Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of a M-s = 4.3 shock in dense argon (rho = 532 kg/m(3), T = 300 K) and a M-s = 3.6 shock in dense nitrogen (rho = 371 kg/m(3), T = 300 K) have been performed. Results for moments (up to order 10) of the velocity distribution function are shown. The excess even moments of the shock-normal velocity component (i.e., in the direction of shock propagation) are positive for most parts of the shock wave, but become negative towards the hot side of the shock before reverting back to zero. The even excess moments of the shock-parallel velocities and the odd moments of the shock-normal velocity do not change signs within the shock. The magnitude of the excess moments increases with the order of the moment, i.e., the higher moments correspond less and less to those of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Inst Fluid Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math Comp Sci & Stat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schlamp, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Fluid Dynam, Sonneggstr 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM schlamp@ifd.mavt.ethz.ch; hathornb@ornl.gov RI Schlamp, Stefan/A-9143-2008 OI Schlamp, Stefan/0000-0002-9933-3096 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.09.020 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300017 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Foo, J Garcia, AL AF Bell, John B. Foo, Jasmine Garcia, Alejandro L. TI Algorithm refinement for the stochastic Burgers' equation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Burgers' equation; stochastic partial differential equations; adaptive mesh refinement; algorithm refinement; hybrid methods; asymmetric excluded random walk ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SIMPLE-EXCLUSION PROCESS; LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; SHOCK FLUCTUATIONS; MONTE-CARLO; ADAPTIVE MESH; LATTICE-GAS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION AB In this paper, we develop an algorithm refinement (AR) scheme for an excluded random walk model whose mean field behavior is given by the viscous Burgers' equation. AR hybrids use the adaptive mesh refinement framework to model a system using a molecular algorithm where desired while allowing a computationally faster continuum representation to be used in the remainder of the domain. The focus in this paper is the role of fluctuations on the dynamics. In particular, we demonstrate that it is necessary to include a stochastic forcing term in Burgers' equation to accurately capture the correct behavior of the system. The conclusion we draw from this study is that the fidelity of multiscale methods that couple disparate algorithms depends on the consistent modeling of fluctuations in each algorithm and on a coupling, such as algorithm refinement, that preserves this consistency. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM algarcia@algarcia.org NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 223 IS 1 BP 451 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.09.024 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 158VN UT WOS:000245823300025 ER PT J AU Velappan, N Martinez, JS Valero, R Chasteen, L Ponce, L Bondu-Hawkins, V Kelly, C Pavlik, P Hjelle, B Bradbury, ARM AF Velappan, Nileena Martinez, Jennifer S. Valero, Rosa Chasteen, Leslie Ponce, Liana Bondu-Hawkins, Virginie Kelly, Craig Pavlik, Peter Hjelle, Brian Bradbury, Andrew R. M. TI Selection and characterization of scFv antibodies against the Sin Nombre hantavirus nucleocapsid protein SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE hantaviras; Sin Nombre virus; phage display; scFv; phage antibody; nucleocapsid protein ID PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARY; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; AFFINITY ANTIBODIES; PULMONARY SYNDROME; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; SURFACE DISPLAY; FRAGMENTS; OLIGOMERIZATION AB Rodent-borne hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the old world and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the new. Most cases of HCPS in North America are caused by Sin Nombre Virus (SNV). Current viral detection technologies depend upon the identification of anti-viral antibodies in patient serum. Detection of viral antigen may facilitate earlier detection of the pathogen. We describe here the characterization of two single-chain Fv antibodies (scFvs), selected from a large naive phage antibody library, which are capable of identifying the Sin Nornbre Virus nucleocapsid protein (SNV-N), with no cross reactivity with the nucleocapsid protein from other hantaviruses. The utility of such selected scFvs was increased by the creation of an scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein which was able to directly detect virally produced material without the need for additional reagents. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, TA-43,HRL-1,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov OI Velappan, Nileena/0000-0002-4488-9126; Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.011 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 158MD UT WOS:000245794700005 PM 17336997 ER PT J AU Veiseh, M Veiseh, O Martin, MC Asphahani, F Zhang, MQ AF Veiseh, Mandana Veiseh, Omid Martin, Michael C. Asphahani, Fareid Zhang, Miqin TI Short peptides enhance single cell adhesion and viability on microarrays SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TRACTIONAL FORCES; DEATH; IMMOBILIZATION; FIBRONECTIN; MODULATION; ATTACHMENT; MONOLAYERS; NETWORKS; PROTEINS AB Single cell patterning holds important implications for biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, medicine, and bioinformatics. The challenge for single cell patterning is to produce small islands hosting only single cells and retaining their viability for a prolonged period of time. This study demonstrated a surface engineering approach that uses a covalently bound short peptide as a mediator to pattern cells with improved single cell adhesion and prolonged cellular viability on gold patterned SiO2 substrates. The underlying hypothesis is that cell adhesion is regulated by the type, availability, and stability of effective cell adhesion peptides, and thus covalently bound short peptides would promote cell spreading and, thus, single cell adhesion and viability. The effectiveness of this approach and the underlying mechanism for the increased probability of single cell adhesion and prolonged cell viability by short peptides were studied by comparing cellular behavior of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells on three model surfaces whose gold electrodes were immobilized with fibronectin, physically adsorbed Arg-Glu-Asp-Val-Tyr, and covalently bound Lys-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val-Tyr, respectively. The surface chemistry and binding properties were characterized by reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Both short peptides were superior to fibronectin in producing adhesion of only single cells, whereas the covalently bound peptide also reduced apoptosis and necrosis of adhered cells. Controlling cell spreading by peptide binding domains to regulate apoptosis and viability represents a fundamental mechanism in cell-materials interaction and provides an effective strategy in engineering arrays of single cells. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, MQ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mzhang@u.washington.edu RI Veiseh, Omid/A-9972-2012; Zhang, Miqin/F-5537-2010 OI Zhang, Miqin/0000-0001-8974-1494 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM075095] NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 8 BP 4472 EP 4479 DI 10.1021/la062849k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 152OA UT WOS:000245370100051 PM 17371055 ER PT J AU Yang, CP Cheng, YJ Ma, XY Zhu, Y Holman, HY Lin, Z Wang, C AF Yang, Chunpeng Cheng, Yangjian Ma, Xiaoyan Zhu, Ying Holman, Hoi-Ying Lin, Zhang Wang, Chen TI Surface-mediated chromate-resistant mechanism of Enterobacter cloacae bacteria investigated by atomic force microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REDUCTION; STRAIN; AFM; MEMBRANE; CR(VI) AB The Enterobacter cloacae CYS-25 strain isolated from a chromate plant shows a strong capability for chromate resistance instead of chromate reduction in aerobic conditions. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for studying the morphology characteristics of bacterial properties during the chromate resistance process. The average length of E. cloacae bacteria in the stationary phase is about 2.3 +/- 0.6 mu m, while under the stimulation of 400 mg/L CrO42-, the length of bacteria increases to 3.2 +/- 0.7 mu m. Height and phase images showed that, with the addition of CrO42-, the smooth surface of bacteria changed into one with discontinuous features with characteristic dimension of 40-200 nm. Analysis reveals that these compact convex patches are organic components stimulated by CrO42-. A chromate resistance mechanism relating to the overexpression of extracellular biologic components for preventing the permeability of CrO42- into the cell is proposed as the survival strategy of E. cloacae in chromate situation. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Lab Mat Chem & Phys, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr NanoSci & Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Lab Mat Chem & Phys, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. EM zlin@fjirsm.ac.cn RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 8 BP 4480 EP 4485 DI 10.1021/la062925j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 152OA UT WOS:000245370100052 PM 17371056 ER PT J AU Rabinovici, GD Furst, AJ O'Neil, JP Racine, CA Mormino, EC Baker, SL Chetty, S Patel, P Pagliaro, TA Klunk, WE Mathis, CA Rosen, HJ Miller, BL Jagust, WJ AF Rabinovici, G. D. Furst, A. J. O'Neil, J. P. Racine, C. A. Mormino, E. C. Baker, S. L. Chetty, S. Patel, P. Pagliaro, T. A. Klunk, W. E. Mathis, C. A. Rosen, H. J. Miller, B. L. Jagust, W. J. TI C-11-PIB PET imaging in Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITTSBURGH COMPOUND-B; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; SEMANTIC DEMENTIA; WORK GROUP; BRAIN; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; SCLEROSIS AB Background: The PET tracer C-11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B (C-11-PIB) specifically binds fibrillar amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques and can be detected in Alzheimer disease (AD). We hypothesized that PET imaging with C-11-PIB would discriminate AD from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a non-A beta dementia. Methods: Patients meeting research criteria for AD (n = 7) or FTLD (n = 12) and cognitively normal controls (n = 8) underwent PET imaging with C-11-PIB (patients and controls) and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) (patients only). C-11-PIB whole brain and region of interest (ROI) distribution volume ratios (DVR) were calculated using Logan graphical analysis with cerebellum as a reference region. DVR images were visually rated by a blinded investigator as positive or negative for cortical C-11-PIB, and summed F-18-FDG images were rated as consistent with AD or FTLD. Results: All patients with AD (7/7) had positive C-11-PIB scans by visual inspection, while 8/12 patients with FTLD and 7/8 controls had negative scans. Of the four PIB-positive patients with FTLD, two had F-18-FDG scans that suggested AD, and two had F-18-FDG scans suggestive of FTLD. Mean DVRs were higher in AD than in FTLD in whole brain, lateral frontal, precuneus, and lateral temporal cortex (p < 0.05), while DVRs in FTLD did not significantly differ from controls. Conclusions: PET imaging with C-11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B (C-11-PIB) helps discriminate Alzheimer disease (AD) from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Pathologic correlation is needed to determine whether patients with PIB-positive FTLD represent false positives, comorbid FTLD/AD pathology, or AD pathology mimicking an FTLD clinical syndrome. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Rabinovici, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Memory & Aging Ctr, 350 Parnassus Ave,Suite 706, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM grabinovici@memory.ucsf.edu RI Mathis, Chester/A-8607-2009; OI Klunk, William/0000-0001-5512-0251; Patel, Paras/0000-0001-6146-718X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00079]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG019724, P01-AG1972403, P50 AG023501, P50-AG023501] NR 54 TC 206 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1205 EP 1212 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000259035.98480.ed PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 155IC UT WOS:000245570100008 PM 17420404 ER PT J AU Gerrish, PJ Colato, A Perelson, AS Sniegowski, PD AF Gerrish, Philip J. Colato, Alexandre Perelson, Alan S. Sniegowski, Paul D. TI Complete genetic linkage can subvert natural selection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI POPULATIONS; MULLERS RATCHET; ASEXUAL POPULATIONS; ERROR CATASTROPHE; MUTATION-RATES; EVOLUTION; FITNESS; MUTANTS; CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVE AB The intricate adjustment of organisms to their environment demonstrates the effectiveness of natural selection. But Darwin himself recognized that certain biological features could limit this effectiveness, features that generally reduce the efficiency of natural selection or yield suboptimal adaptation. Genetic linkage is known to be one such feature, and here we show theoretically that it can introduce a more sinister flaw: when there is complete linkage between loci affecting fitness and loci affecting mutation rate, positive natural selection and recurrent mutation can drive mutation rates in an adapting population to intolerable levels. We discuss potential implications of this finding for the early establishment of recombination, the evolutionary fate of asexual populations, and immunological clearance of clonal pathogens. C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Penn, Leidy Labs, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gerrish, PJ (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM pgerrish@unm.edu RI Colato, Alexandre/G-6818-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; OI Colato, Alexandre/0000-0003-0076-007X; Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754, P20-RR18754, R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433] NR 47 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 15 BP 6266 EP 6271 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607280104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 157RG UT WOS:000245737500032 PM 17405865 ER PT J AU Liu, M Meakin, P Huang, H AF Liu, Moubin Meakin, Paul Huang, Hai TI Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of pore-scale multiphase fluid flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD; INCOMPRESSIBLE 2-PHASE FLOWS; ATOMICALLY ROUGH WALLS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION; SURFACE-TENSION; POROUS-MEDIA; 2-DIMENSIONAL CHANNEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS AB [ 1] Multiphase fluid flow through porous media involves complex fluid dynamics, and it is difficult to model such complex behavior, on the pore scale, using grid-based continuum models. In this paper, the application of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a relatively new mesoscale method, to the simulation of pore-scale multiphase fluid flows under a variety of flow conditions is described. We demonstrate that the conventional DPD method using purely repulsive conservative ( nondissipative) particle-particle interactions is capable of modeling single-phase flow fields in saturated porous media. In order to simulate unsaturated multiphase flow through porous media, we applied a modified model for the conservative particle-particle interactions that combines short-range repulsive and long-range attractive interactions. This form for the conservative particle-particle interactions allows the behavior of multiphase systems consisting of gases, liquids, and solids to be simulated. We also demonstrated that the flow of both wetting and nonwetting fluids through porous media can be simulated by controlling the ratios between the fluid-fluid and fluid-solid (fluid-wall) interparticle interaction strengths. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Modeling & Measurements, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Coll Engn, Singapore, Singapore. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, POB 1625,MS 2211, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM hai.huang@inl.gov NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 AR W04411 DI 10.1029/2006WR004856 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 157PS UT WOS:000245733100002 ER PT J AU Goretta, KC Cunningham, AJ Chen, N Singh, D Routbort, JL Rateick, RG AF Goretta, K. C. Cunningham, A. J. Chen, Nan Singh, D. Routbort, J. L. Rateick, R. G., Jr. TI Solid-particle erosion of an anodized Mg alloy SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE Mg alloy; anodizing; erosion; wear; microhardness ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; COATINGS; METALS; STEEL; ANODIZATION; MAGNESIUM; SIZE AB Solid-particle erosion studies were conducted on a hardened Mg alloy (WE43A-T6) and the same alloy that had been anodized to produce a approximate to 12 mu m oxide layer. Angular alumina particles of norn mal diameter 63 or 143 mu m traveling at 60 or 120 m/s impacted the targets at 20 degrees or 90 degrees. Steady-state erosion rates were determined as weight loss of a sample per weight of impacting particles. Under these erosive conditions, the oxide coating on the WE43A-T6 alloy was removed quickly. Weight-loss data indicated that the alloy underlying the anodized layer eroded measurably faster than the as-heat-treated alloy, but that below depths greater than approximate to 80 mu m, the two alloys eroded at nearly equal rates. The near-surface more rapid erosion rates for the anodized alloy were attributed to loss of ductility due to internal oxidation from the anodizing process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Honeywell, South Bend, IN 46620 USA. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM routbort@anl.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 9-10 BP 1056 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.10.018 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 158MZ UT WOS:000245796900004 ER PT J AU Buttler, WT Hixson, RS King, NSP Olson, RT Rigg, PA Zellner, MB Routley, N Rimmer, A AF Buttler, W. T. Hixson, R. S. King, N. S. P. Olson, R. T. Rigg, P. A. Zellner, M. B. Routley, N. Rimmer, A. TI Method to separate and determine the amount of ejecta produced in a second-shock material-fragmentation event SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOCKED SURFACES AB The authors consider a mathematical method to separate and determine the amount of ejecta produced in a second-shock material-fragmentation process. The technique is theoretical and assumes that a material undergoing a shock release at a vacuum interface ejects particulate material or fragments as the initial shock unloads and reflects at the vacuum-surface interface. In this case it is thought that the reflected shock may reflect again at the source of the shock and return to the vacuum-surface interface and eject another amount of fragments or particulate material. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Buttler, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM buttler@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 151921 DI 10.1063/1.2722676 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700050 ER PT J AU Kang, KH Moodenbaugh, AR Lewis, LH AF Kang, Kyongha Moodenbaugh, A. R. Lewis, L. H. TI MnBi nanostructures: Size dependence of magnetostructural transition and matrix templating SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; MNAS AB Rapidly solidified MnxBi(1-x) (x=0.05 Mn5, x=0.10 Mn10) alloys form as NiAs-type low-temperature phase MnBi nanoparticles in a Bi matrix. Microstructural differences underlie diverse magnetic behavior: Mn5 has well-separated nanorods along the basal plane axial directions of Bi, while Mn10 consists of MnBi nanorods and submicron-sized MnBi grains. The Curie transition of Mn10 is T-C=630 K with a second-order thermodynamic character, while Mn5 nanorods exhibit a reduced and hysteretic T-C=520 K. Magnetic field annealing fosters (00n) alignment of the MnBi phase. Mn10 also shows alignment of the Bi matrix by a proposed templating mechanism. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM moodenba@bnl.gov; lhlewis@coe.neu.edu OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 153112 DI 10.1063/1.2721859 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700092 ER PT J AU Kuklja, MM Rashkeev, SN AF Kuklja, Maija M. Rashkeev, Sergey N. TI Shear-strain-induced chemical reactivity of layered molecular crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; DECOMPOSITION; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE; 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE; HYDROGEN; METALS AB A density-functional theory study of shear related dissociation of two molecular crystals, diamino-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and triamino-trinitrobenzine (TATB), is presented. A detailed explanation is proposed for the fact that FOX-7 is more sensitive than TATB while their sensitivities to initiation of chemistry have been expected to be comparable. The authors suggest that shear plays a crucial role in the dissociation of molecules in organic energetic crystals and may be imperative in providing specific recommendations on ways for materials design. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Kuklja, MM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM mkukla@nsf.gov NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 151913 DI 10.1063/1.2719031 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700042 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Acrivos, A Khusid, B James, CD Jacqmin, D AF Kumar, Anil Acrivos, Andreas Khusid, Boris James, Conrad D. Jacqmin, David TI Conveyor-belt method for assembling microparticles into large-scale structures using electric fields SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES AB The authors propose and experimentally demonstrate a conveyor-belt method appropriate for building large-scale microparticle structures by sequentially energizing electrodes to aggregate the particles into predetermined locations and then to translate them collectively to a work area for final assembly. This approach employs collective phenomena in a negatively polarized suspension exposed to a high-gradient strong ac electric field. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Levich Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Levich Inst, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM anil@levdec.engr.ccny.cuny.edu; acrivos@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; khusid@adm.njit.edu; cdjame@sandia.gov; fsdavid@tess.lerc.nasa.gov OI Khusid, Boris/0000-0002-8604-1051 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 154104 DI 10.1063/1.2721238 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700122 ER PT J AU Liu, M Li, X Imrane, H Chen, YJ Goodrich, T Cai, ZH Ziemer, KS Huang, JY Sun, NX AF Liu, Ming Li, Xin Imrane, Hassan Chen, Yajie Goodrich, Trevor Cai, Zhuhua Ziemer, Katherine S. Huang, Jian Y. Sun, Nian X. TI Synthesis of ordered arrays of multiferroic NiFe2O4-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 core-shell nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOELECTRIC COMPOSITE-MATERIAL; ELECTRODEPOSITION; NANOTUBES; FILMS AB A synthesis method was developed for producing core-shell nanowire arrays, which involved a combination of a modified sol-gel process, electrochemical deposition, and subsequent oxidization in anodized nanoporous alumina membranes. This method was applied to generate ordered arrays of one dimensional multiferroic NiFe2O4 core and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 (PZT) shell nanostructures. Extensive microstructural, magnetic, and ferroelectric characterizations confirmed that the regular arrays of core-shell multiferroic nanostructures were composed of a spinel NiFe2O4 core and perovskite PZT shell. This synthesis method can be readily extended to prepare different core-shell nanowire arrays and is expected to pave the way for one dimensional core-shell nanowire arrays. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CM3IC, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CM3IC, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM nian@ece.neu.edu RI Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Sun, Nian-xiang/G-8330-2011; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; NR 25 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 152501 DI 10.1063/1.2722043 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700065 ER PT J AU Muller, E Sutter, E Zahl, P Ciobanu, CV Sutter, P AF Muller, E. Sutter, E. Zahl, P. Ciobanu, C. V. Sutter, P. TI Short-range order of low-coverage Ti/Al(111): Implications for hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; TI FILMS; SURFACE; STABILITY AB Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, we characterize the population of low-coverage Ti atoms on Al(111) as a model surface system for transition metal doped alanate hydrogen storage compounds, such as NaAlH4. When deposited at room temperature, Ti is kinetically trapped in first-layer substitutional sites, avoids nearest-neighbor locations, and preferentially forms next-nearest-neighbor pairs, similar to a structure that has been predicted to dissociate H-2 with no energy barrier. The results on this well-defined system suggest the presence of a large population of Ti-pair complexes that may catalyze the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen in Ti-doped alanate storage materials. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muller, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM psutter@bnl.gov RI Zahl, Percy/B-1244-2008; Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008 OI Zahl, Percy/0000-0002-6629-7500; NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 151917 DI 10.1063/1.2722197 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700046 ER PT J AU Tang, M Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE Lu, P AF Tang, M. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. E. Lu, P. TI Order-disorder phase transformation in ion-irradiated rare earth sesquioxides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIA; DY2O3; PLUTONIUM AB An order-to-disorder (OD) transformation induced by ion irradiation in rare earth (RE) sesquioxides, Dy2O3, Er2O3, and Lu2O3, was studied using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These sesquioxides are characterized by a cubic C-type RE structure known as bixbyite. They were irradiated with heavy Kr++ ions (300 keV) and light Ne+ ions (150 keV) at cryogenic temperature (similar to 120 K). In each oxide, following a relatively low ion irradiation dose of similar to 2.5 displacements per atom, the ordered bixbyite structure was transformed to a disordered, anion-deficient fluorite structure. This OD transformation was found in all three RE sesquioxides (RE=Dy, Er, and Lu) regardless of the ion type used in the irradiation. The authors discuss the irradiation-induced OD transformation process in terms of anion disordering, i.e., destruction of the oxygen order associated with the bixbyite structure. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtang@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 151907 DI 10.1063/1.2720716 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700036 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Anderoglu, O Misra, A Wang, H AF Zhang, X. Anderoglu, O. Misra, A. Wang, H. TI Influence of deposition rate on the formation of growth twins in sputter-deposited 330 austenitic stainless steel films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The authors have studied the influence of deposition rate on the formation of growth twins in sputter-deposited 330 austenitic stainless steel thin films. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the volume fraction of twinned grains increases with increasing deposition rate, whereas the average columnar grain size and twin spacing stay approximately unchanged. These experimental results agree qualitatively with their analytical model that predicts deposition rate dependent formation of growth twins. The film hardness increases monotonically with increasing volume fraction of twinned grains. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhangx@tamu.edu RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 153101 DI 10.1063/1.2720708 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700081 ER PT J AU Villadsen, R Fridriksdottir, AJ Ronnov-Jessen, L Gudjonsson, T Rank, F LaBarge, MA Bissell, MJ Petersen, OW AF Villadsen, Rene Fridriksdottir, Agla J. Ronnov-Jessen, Lone Gudjonsson, Thorarinn Rank, Fritz LaBarge, Mark A. Bissell, Mina J. Petersen, Ole W. TI Evidence for a stem cell hierarchy in the adult human breast SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE - ID HUMAN MAMMARY-GLAND; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PROGENITOR CELLS; HUMAN PROSTATE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEOPLASTIC BREAST; INTEGRIN SUBUNITS; STROMAL CELLS AB Cellular pathways that contribute to adult human mammary gland architecture and lineages have not been previously described. In this study, we identify a candidate stem cell niche in ducts and zones containing progenitor cells in lobules. Putative stem cells residing in ducts were essentially quiescent, whereas the progenitor cells in the lobules were more likely to be actively dividing. Cells from ducts and lobules collected under the microscope were functionally characterized by colony formation on tissue culture plastic, mammosphere formation in suspension culture, and morphogenesis in laminin-rich extracellular matrix gels. Staining for the lineage markers keratins K14 and K19 further revealed multipotent cells in the stem cell zone and three lineage-restricted cell types outside this zone. Multiparameter cell sorting and functional characterization with reference to anatomical sites in situ confirmed this pattern. The proposal that the four cell types are indeed constituents of an as of yet undescribed stem cell hierarchy was assessed in long-term cultures in which senescence was bypassed. These findings identify an adult human breast ductal stem cell activity and its earliest descendants. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Zoophysiol Lab, Dept Mol Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Iceland Canc Soc, Mol & Cell Biol Res Lab, IS-125 Reykjavik, Iceland. State Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Petersen, OW (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. EM O.W.Petersen@mai.ku.dk RI LaBarge, Mark/E-2621-2013; Ronnov-Jessen OR Ronnovjessen, Lone/A-5981-2013; Fridriksdottir, Agla/O-3768-2015 OI Fridriksdottir, Agla/0000-0002-5582-5996 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA064786, R37 CA064786, CA-64786] NR 89 TC 217 Z9 224 U1 3 U2 16 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1083/jcb.200611114 PG 15 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 155OO UT WOS:000245587600009 PM 17420292 ER PT J AU Snezhko, A Aranson, IS AF Snezhko, A. Aranson, I. S. TI Magnetic properties of novel dynamic self-assembled structures generated on the liquid/air interface SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE magnetic granular media; self-assembly; effective exchange interactions AB We report on experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic properties of recently discovered dynamic multi-segment self-organized structures ("magnetic snakes"). Magnetic order and response of such snakes are determined by a novel unconventional mechanism provided by a self-induced surface wave. It gives rise to a nontrivial magnetic order: the segments of the snake exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic order mediated by the surface waves, while each segment is composed of ferromagnetically aligned chains of microparticles. Magnetic properties of the snakes are probed by in-plane magnetic field. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the experimental observations. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Snezhko, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM snezhko@anl.gov RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 363 IS 5-6 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2006.11.033 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 161HM UT WOS:000246005400001 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Jones, KM Noufi, R Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Yanfa Jones, K. M. Noufi, R. Al-Jassim, M. M. TI Argon ion beam and electron beam-induced damage in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE CIGS; ion beam damage; TEM; electron beam ID CRYSTALS; NA AB Ar ion beam and electron beam-induced damages in Cu(In,Ga)Se, thin films are investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. We find that a high-energy Ar ion beam can cause severe damage in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 surface regions by preferentially depleting Se and In. The depletion can occur with an Ar ion beam at energy as low as 0.5 keV High-energy electron beams also cause damage in Cu(In,Ga)Se, thin films by preferentially depleting In and Ga. Our results imply that special care must be taken for measurements involving surface treatments using high-energy Ar ion beams or electron beams. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. EM yanfa_yan@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 11 BP 4681 EP 4685 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.11.021 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 151AB UT WOS:000245259600022 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Fried, LE AF Goldman, Nir Fried, Laurence E. TI X-ray scattering intensities of water at extreme pressure and temperature SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER; DENSITY; ICE; GPA; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; H2O-ICE; PHASES; VII AB We have calculated the coherent x-ray scattering intensity of several phases of water under high pressure using the ab initio density functional theory (DFT). Our calculations span the molecular liquid, ice VII, and superionic solid phases, including the recently predicted symmetrically hydrogen bonded region. We compute simulated spectra for ice VII and superionic water. We provide new atomic scattering form factors for water at extreme conditions, which take into account frequently neglected changes in ionic charge and electron delocalization. We show that our modified atomic form factors allow for a nearly exact comparison with the total x-ray scattering intensities calculated from DFT. Finally, we analyze the effect of their new form factors have on the determination of the oxygen-oxygen radial distribution function from experiment. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-268, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 13 AR 134505 DI 10.1063/1.2712441 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 154MT UT WOS:000245512400036 PM 17430045 ER PT J AU Jiang, DE Sumpter, BG Dai, S AF Jiang, De-en Sumpter, Bobby G. Dai, Sheng TI Unique chemical reactivity of a graphene nanoribbon's zigzag edge SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NANOGRAPHITE RIBBONS; GRAPHITE SURFACE; CARBON MATERIALS; BASIS-SET; STATES; MAGNETISM; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES AB The zigzag edge of a graphene nanoribbon possesses a unique electronic state that is near the Fermi level and localized at the edge carbon atoms. The authors investigate the chemical reactivity of these zigzag edge sites by examining their reaction energetics with common radicals from first principles. A "partial radical" concept for the edge carbon atoms is introduced to characterize their chemical reactivity, and the validity of this concept is verified by comparing the dissociation energies of edge-radical bonds with similar bonds in molecules. In addition, the uniqueness of the zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbon is further demonstrated by comparing it with other forms of sp(2) carbons, including a graphene sheet, nanotubes, and an armchair-edged graphene nanoribbon. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jiangd@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 39 TC 231 Z9 233 U1 14 U2 135 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 13 AR 134701 DI 10.1063/1.2715558 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 154MT UT WOS:000245512400041 PM 17430050 ER PT J AU Wick, C Dang, LX AF Wick, Collin Dang, Liem X. TI Molecular mechanism of transporting a polarizable iodide anion across the water-CCl4 liquid/liquid interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS AB The result of transferring a polarizable iodide anion across the H2O-CCl4 liquid/liquid interface was investigated in this study. The computed transfer-free energy profile or potential of mean force exhibits a minimum near the Gibbs dividing surface. These system characteristics are similar to those found in a corresponding study of iodide transfer across the H2O-vapor interface; however, the free energy minimum was lower at the H2O-vapor interface. Molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out to compare the concentrations of NaCl, NaBr, and NaI at the H2O-vapor and H2O-CCl4 interfaces. While the concentration of bromide and iodide ions were lower at the H2O-CCl4 interface when compared to the H2O-vapor interface, the chloride ion concentrations were similar at both interfaces. Analysis of the solvation structures of iodide and chloride ions revealed that the more polarizable iodide ion was less solvated than the chloride ion at the interface. This characteristic brought the iodide ion into greater contact with CCl4, resulting in repulsive interactions with CCl4 and reducing its tendency to move to the interface. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wick, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 13 AR 134702 DI 10.1063/1.2717164 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 154MT UT WOS:000245512400042 PM 17430051 ER PT J AU Luo, J Wu, WM Carley, J Ruan, CM Gu, BH Jardine, PM Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK AF Luo, Jian Wu, Wei-Min Carley, Jack Ruan, Chuanmin Gu, Baohua Jardine, Phillip M. Criddle, Craig S. Kitanidis, Peter K. TI Hydraulic performance analysis of a multiple injection-extraction well system SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracer test; injection-extraction well; transfer function; temporal moment ID IN-SITU REMEDIATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; NONUNIFORM FLOW; TRANSPORT; URANIUM; MODEL; ZONE AB Investigating the hydraulic performance of the flow field created by a multiple injection-extraction well system for groundwater remediation requires the design of novel strategies for tracer testing and efficient modeling. In this work, we report on tracer tests conducted in a well system comprising two injection and two extraction wells designed for an in situ bioremediation of uranium at Oak Ridge, TN, about 2 years after the start of operation. The domain of the flow field can be divided into an inner cell, an outer cell, and transition zones. To characterize advective-dispersive transport, two tracer tests were performed with the injection of bromide solution. The system was operated as during groundwater remediation, and the tracer was partially recirculated. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were measured in the extraction wells and the multi-level sampling (MLS) ports. The methods of transfer function and temporal moments were implemented to analyze the BTCs. By jointly evaluating the temporal moments of the BTCs in the extraction wells, we can conveniently estimate the recirculating flow fractions in different zones. This approach does not require the detailed characterization of the flow field. The parameters of transfer functions, fitted at the MLS wells indicate the flow field may have changed over the tracer test period. This observation indicates that bioremediation influences the flow field even when the well pumping rates are kept constant, which suggests that aquifer characterization may need to be repeated during bioremediation. The methods of transfer functions and temporal moments with tracer tests are flexible, economical, and well-suited to evaluate the performance of the system during long periods of remediation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jianluo@ce.gatech.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 336 IS 3-4 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.01.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 156NS UT WOS:000245656800005 ER PT J AU Fern, JT Keffer, DJ Steele, WV AF Fern, Jared T. Keffer, David J. Steele, William V. TI Measuring coexisting densities from a two-phase molecular dynamics simulation by Voronoi tessellations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; FLUIDS; INTERFACE; EQUATION; METHANE; SURFACE; STATE AB A new algorithm is presented that allows for the determination of bulk liquid and vapor densities from a two-phase Molecular Dynamics (2 phi MD) simulation. This new method does not use any arbitrary cutoffs for phase definitions; rather it uses single-phase simulations as a self-consistency check. The method does not use any spatial bins for generating histograms of local properties, thereby avoiding the statistical issues associated with bins. Finally, it allows one to approach very close to the critical point. The new method utilizes Voronoi tessellations to determine the molecular volume of every point at every instance in a molecular dynamics simulation. Since the molecular volume is calculated throughout the simulation, statistical parameters such as the average molecular volume and average molecular variance are easy to obtain. To define the phases, the normalized variance of the molecular volume from 1 phi MD and 2 phi MD is used as a self-consistency check. The new method gives new insight into the nature of the near-subcritical fluid. The critical properties from this analysis are T(c) = 1.293 and rho(c) = 0.313. Direct simulation of the two-phase system was performed up to a temperature of 1.292. The results show excellent agreement to experimental results and Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo for coexisting densities. We see that well below the critical temperature, some particles are neither liquid nor vapor. These interfacial particles are primarily, but not exclusively, concentrated at the bulk interface. However, as we approach the critical point, some particles are considered both liquid and vapor. These interfacial particles are distributed through the system. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keffer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Phys Properties Res Facil, 327 Dougherty Engn Bldg,1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dkeffer@utk.edu RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 13 BP 3469 EP 3475 DI 10.1021/jp0674470 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 151AK UT WOS:000245260500021 PM 17388481 ER PT J AU Chou, CY Anastasio, MA Brankov, JG Wernick, MN Brey, EM Connor, DM Zhong, Z AF Chou, Cheng-Ying Anastasio, Mark A. Brankov, Jovan G. Wernick, Miles N. Brey, Eric M. Connor, Dean M., Jr. Zhong, Zhong TI An extended diffraction-enhanced imaging method for implementing multiple-image radiography SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST; MAMMOGRAPHY; ANALYZER; REFRACTION; SPECIMENS; TISSUE AB Diffraction-enhanced imaging ( DEI) is an analyser-based x-ray imaging method that produces separate images depicting the projected x-ray absorption and refractive properties of an object. Because the imaging model of DEI does not account for ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS), the images produced in DEI can contain artefacts and inaccuracies in medical imaging applications. In this work, we investigate an extended DEI method for concurrent reconstruction of three images that depict an object's projected x- ray absorption, refraction and USAXS properties. The extended DEI method can be viewed as an implementation of the recently proposed multiple-image radiography paradigm. Validation studies are conducted by use of computer-simulated and synchrotron measurement data. C1 IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Res Serv, Hines, IL USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Anastasio, MA (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, 10 W 32nd St,E1-116, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM anastasio@iit.edu RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Wernick, Miles/J-8394-2013; OI Wernick, Miles/0000-0001-6736-478X; CHOU, CHENG-YING/0000-0002-5737-6960 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA111976]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR48292]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB004507] NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1923 EP 1945 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/52/7/011 PG 23 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 163LV UT WOS:000246162200013 PM 17374920 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Delli Paoli, F Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ranjan, N Rappoccio, S Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Valquez, F Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Budroni, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. Datta, M. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Dorr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Foland, A. Forrester, S. Foster, G. W. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, A. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Griffiths, M. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. 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Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, M. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Masubuchi, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Nagano, A. Naganoma, J. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oh, S. 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Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. TI Measurement of the top-quark mass in all-hadronic decays in p(p)over-bar collisions at CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present a measurement of the top-quark mass M(top) in the all-hadronic decay channel t (t) over bar -> W(+)bW(-)(b) over bar -> q(1)(q) over bar (2)bq(3)(q) over bar (4)(b) over bar. The analysis is performed using 310 pb(-1) of root s=1.96 TeV p (p) over bar collisions collected with the CDF II detector using a multijet trigger. The mass measurement is based on an event-by-event likelihood which depends on both the sample purity and the value of the top-quark mass, using 90 possible jet-to-parton assignments in the six-jet final state. The joint likelihood of 290 selected events yields a value of M(top)=177.1 +/- 4.9(stat)+/- 4.7(syst) GeV/c(2). C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, UMR7585,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Willocq, S. Y. Cowan, R. Koeneke, K. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Patel, P. M. Potter, C. T. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Reidy, J. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. del Re, D. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. Bulten, H. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Allmendinger, T. Benelli, G. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Pulliam, T. Rahimi, A. M. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Galeazzi, F. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Benayoun, M. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. John, M. J. J. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Roos, L. Therin, G. Behera, P. K. Gladney, L. Panetta, J. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Pioppi, M. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Bucci, F. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. Haire, M. Judd, D. Wagoner, D. E. Biesiada, J. Danielson, N. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Tehrani, F. Safai Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. De Groot, N. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Mayer, B. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Weidemann, A. W. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Boyarski, A. M. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Cristinziani, M. Dingfelder, J. C. Dong, D. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Libby, J. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Weaver, M. Weinstein, A. J. R. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Kitayama, I. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Grancagnolo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Eichenbaum, A. M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Johnson, J. R. Kutter, P. E. Li, H. Liu, R. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Mohapatra, A. K. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Tan, P. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the pseudoscalar decay constant f(Ds) using charm-tagged events in e(+)e(-) collisions at root s=10.58.GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using 230.2 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data collected with the BABAR detector at and near the peak of the Upsilon(4S) resonance, 489 +/- 55 events containing the pure leptonic decay D-s(+)->mu(+)nu(mu) have been isolated in charm-tagged events. The ratio of partial widths Gamma(D-s(+)->mu(+)nu(mu))/Gamma(D-s(+)->phi pi(+)) is measured to be 0.143 +/- 0.018 +/- 0.006 allowing a determination of the pseudoscalar decay constant f(Ds)=(283 +/- 17 +/- 7 +/- 14) MeV. The errors are statistical, systematic, and from the D-s(+)->phi pi(+) branching ratio, respectively. C1 Inst Particle Phys, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Inst Particle Phys, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; OI Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508 NR 8 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 141801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.141801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100017 ER PT J AU Beck, BR Becker, JA Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Moody, KJ Wilhelmy, JB Porter, FS Kilbourne, CA Kelley, RL AF Beck, B. R. Becker, J. A. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. Moody, K. J. Wilhelmy, J. B. Porter, F. S. Kilbourne, C. A. Kelley, R. L. TI Energy splitting of the ground-state doublet in the nucleus Th-229 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE; ASTRO-E2; ISOMER; DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; LEVEL AB The energy splitting of the Th-229 ground-state doublet is measured to be 7.6 +/- 0.5 eV, significantly greater than earlier measurements. Gamma rays produced following the alpha decay of U-233 (105 mu Ci) were counted in the NASA/electron beam ion trap x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer with an experimental energy resolution of 26 eV (FWHM). A difference technique was applied to the gamma-ray decay of the 71.82 keV level that populates both members of the doublet. A positive correction amounting to 0.6 eV was made for the unobserved interband decay of the 29.19 keV state (29.19 -> 0 keV). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Beck, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 26 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 142501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.142501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100020 PM 17501268 ER PT J AU Chanowitz, M AF Chanowitz, Michael TI Comment on "Chiral suppression of scalar-glueball decay" Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chanowitz, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 149104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.149104 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100073 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Berlinger, B Brunkhorst, C Brooks, A Ferraro, N Lundberg, DP Roach, A Glasser, AH AF Cohen, S. A. Berlinger, B. Brunkhorst, C. Brooks, A. Ferraro, N. Lundberg, D. P. Roach, A. Glasser, A. H. TI Formation of collisionless high-beta plasmas by odd-parity rotating magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED CONFIGURATION; ROTAMAK; ELECTRONS; HYDROGEN; ION AB Odd-parity rotating magnetic fields (RMFo) applied to mirror-configuration plasmas have produced average electron energies exceeding 200 eV at line-averaged electron densities of similar to 10(12) cm(-3). These plasmas, sustained for over 10(3)tau(Alfven), have low Coulomb collisionality, v(c)(*)equivalent to L/lambda(C)similar to 10(-3), where lambda(C) is the Coulomb scattering mean free path and L is the plasma's characteristic half length. Divertors allow reduction of the electron-neutral collision frequency to values where the RMFo coupling indicates full penetration of the RMFo to the major axis. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 145002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.145002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100034 PM 17501282 ER PT J AU Han, XF Grimsditch, M Meersschaut, J Hoffmann, A Ji, Y Sort, J Nogues, J Divan, R Pearson, JE Keavney, DJ AF Han, X. F. Grimsditch, M. Meersschaut, J. Hoffmann, A. Ji, Y. Sort, J. Nogues, J. Divan, R. Pearson, J. E. Keavney, D. J. TI Magnetic instability regions in patterned structures: Influence of element shape on magnetization reversal dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a time-resolved imaging study of the influence of shape on magnetic instabilities in patterned magnetic structures. We find that in rectangular structures magnetization reversal initiates at the ends and interior simultaneously, while in structures with tapered ends the reversal begins in the middle of the structures and spreads out to the ends. The degree of tapering is important for both the switching field and the time required for full reversal. A model based on the concept of local instability regions yields good agreement with the observed location of the reversal onsets. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Keavney, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM keavney@aps.anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 147202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.147202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100059 PM 17501307 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP Chapman, HN Krzywinski, J Sobierajski, R Bajt, S London, RA Bergh, M Caleman, C Nietubyc, R Juha, L Kuba, J Spiller, E Baker, S Bionta, R Tinten, KS Stojanovic, N Kjornrattanawanich, B Gullikson, E Plonjes, E Toleikis, S Tschentscher, T AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Chapman, Henry N. Krzywinski, Jacek Sobierajski, Ryszard Bajt, Sasa London, Richard A. Bergh, Magnus Caleman, Carl Nietubyc, Robert Juha, Libor Kuba, Jaroslav Spiller, Eberhard Baker, Sherry Bionta, Richard Tinten, K. Sokolowski Stojanovic, Nikola Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Gullikson, Eric Ploenjes, Elke Toleikis, Sven Tschentscher, Thomas TI Subnanometer-scale measurements of the interaction of ultrafast soft X-ray free-electron-laser pulses with matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FACILITY AB At the recently built FLASH x-ray free-electron laser, we studied the reflectivity of Si/C multilayers with fluxes up to 3x10(14) W/cm(2). Even though the nanostructures were ultimately completely destroyed, we found that they maintained their integrity and reflectance characteristics during the 25-fs-long pulse, with no evidence for any structural changes over lengths greater than 3 A. This experiment demonstrates that with intense ultrafast pulses, structural damage does not occur during the pulse, giving credence to the concept of diffraction imaging of single macromolecules. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Uppsala Univ, Biomed Ctr, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, Prague 16636, Czech Republic. Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Sobierajski, Ryszard/E-7619-2012; Stojanovic, Nikola/H-6986-2013; Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; NR 17 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 145502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.145502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100037 PM 17501285 ER PT J AU Jing, C Kanareykin, A Power, JG Conde, M Yusof, Z Schoessow, P Gai, W AF Jing, C. Kanareykin, A. Power, J. G. Conde, M. Yusof, Z. Schoessow, P. Gai, W. TI Observation of enhanced transformer ratio in collinear wakefield acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD; DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; TRAIN AB One approach to future high energy particle accelerators is based on the wakefield principle: a leading high-charge drive bunch is used to excite fields in an accelerating structure or plasma that in turn accelerates a trailing low-charge witness bunch. The transformer ratio R is defined as the ratio of the maximum energy gain of the witness bunch to the maximum energy loss of the drive bunch. In general, R < 2 for this configuration. A number of techniques have been proposed to overcome the transformer ratio limitation. We report here the first experimental study of the ramped bunch train (RBT) technique in a dielectric based accelerating structure. A single drive bunch was replaced by two bunches with charge ratio of 12.5 and a separation of 10.5 wavelengths of the fundamental mode. An average measured transformer ratio enhancement by a factor of 1.31 over the single drive bunch case was obtained. C1 Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jing, C (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 144801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.144801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100032 PM 17501280 ER PT J AU Konik, RM Adamov, Y AF Konik, Robert M. Adamov, Yury TI Numerical renormalization group for continuum one-dimensional systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ISING-MODEL AB We present a renormalization group (RG) procedure which works naturally on a wide class of interacting one-dimension models based on perturbed (possibly strongly) continuum conformal and integrable models. This procedure integrates Wilson's numerical renormalization group with Zamolodchikov's truncated conformal spectrum approach. The key to the method is that such theories provide a set of completely understood eigenstates for which matrix elements can be exactly computed. In this procedure the RG flow of physical observables can be studied both numerically and analytically. To demonstrate the approach, we study the spectrum of a pair of coupled quantum Ising chains and correlation functions in a single quantum Ising chain in the presence of a magnetic field. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Konik, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 147205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.147205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100062 PM 17501310 ER PT J AU Lee, JRI Meulenberg, RW Hanif, KM Mattoussi, H Klepeis, JE Terminello, LJ van Buuren, T AF Lee, Jonathan R. I. Meulenberg, Robert W. Hanif, Khalid M. Mattoussi, Hedi Klepeis, John E. Terminello, Louis J. van Buuren, Tony TI Experimental observation of quantum confinement in the conduction band of CdSe quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE; STATE; GAP AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to characterize the evolution in the conduction band (CB) density of states of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a function of particle size. We have unambiguously witnessed the CdSe QD CB minimum (CBM) shift to higher energy with decreasing particle size, consistent with quantum confinement effects, and have directly compared our results with recent theoretical calculations. At the smallest particle size, evidence for a pinning of the CBM is presented. Our observations can be explained by considering a size-dependent change in the angular-momentum-resolved states at the CBM. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JRI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lee204@llnl.gov OI Meulenberg, Robert/0000-0003-2696-8792 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 146803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.146803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100053 PM 17501301 ER PT J AU Loh, ZH Khalil, M Correa, RE Santra, R Buth, C Leone, SR AF Loh, Zhi-Heng Khalil, Munira Correa, Raoul E. Santra, Robin Buth, Christian Leone, Stephen R. TI Quantum state-resolved probing of strong-field-ionized xenon atoms using femtosecond high-order harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; OPTICAL-FIELDS; RARE-GASES; LASER; GENERATION; MULTIPHOTON; DYNAMICS; PULSES AB Femtosecond high-order harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy is used to resolve the complete vertical bar j,m > quantum state distribution of Xe+ produced by optical strong-field ionization of Xe atoms at 800 nm. Probing at the Xe N-4/5 edge yields a population distribution rho(j,vertical bar m vertical bar) of rho(3/2,1/2)rho(1/2,1/2)rho(3/2,3/2)=75 +/- 6 :12 +/- 3 :13 +/- 6%. The result is compared to a tunnel ionization calculation with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling, revealing nonadiabatic ionization behavior. The sub-50-fs time resolution paves the way for tabletop extreme ultraviolet absorption probing of ultrafast dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Loh, ZH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Loh, Zhi-Heng/B-6952-2011; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014; Buth, Christian/A-2834-2017 OI Loh, Zhi-Heng/0000-0001-9729-9632; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815; Buth, Christian/0000-0002-5866-3443 NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 143601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.143601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100025 PM 17501273 ER PT J AU Tvaskis, V Christy, ME Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Blok, HP Bosted, P Boswell, M Bruell, A Cochran, A Cole, L Crowder, J Dunne, J Ent, R Fenker, HC Filippone, BW Garrow, K Gasparian, A Gomez, J Jackson, HE Keppel, CE Kinney, E Lapikas, L Liang, Y Lorenzon, W Lung, A Mack, DJ Martin, JW McIlhany, K Meekins, D Milner, RG Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, H Moreland, B Nazaryan, V Niculescu, I Opper, A Piercey, RB Potterveld, DH Rose, B Sato, Y Seo, W Spurlock, K van der Steenhoven, G Stepanyan, S Tadevosian, V Uzzle, A Vulcan, WF Wood, SA Zihlmann, B Ziskin, V AF Tvaskis, V. Christy, M. E. Arrington, J. Asaturyan, R. Baker, O. K. Blok, H. P. Bosted, P. Boswell, M. Bruell, A. Cochran, A. Cole, L. Crowder, J. Dunne, J. Ent, R. Fenker, H. C. Filippone, B. W. Garrow, K. Gasparian, A. Gomez, J. Jackson, H. E. Keppel, C. E. Kinney, E. Lapikas, L. Liang, Y. Lorenzon, W. Lung, A. Mack, D. J. Martin, J. W. McIlhany, K. Meekins, D. Milner, R. G. Mitchell, J. H. Mkrtchyan, H. Moreland, B. Nazaryan, V. Niculescu, I. Opper, A. Piercey, R. B. Potterveld, D. H. Rose, B. Sato, Y. Seo, W. Spurlock, K. van der Steenhoven, G. Stepanyan, S. Tadevosian, V. Uzzle, A. Vulcan, W. F. Wood, S. A. Zihlmann, B. Ziskin, V. TI Longitudinal-transverse separations of deep-inelastic structure functions at low Q(2) for hydrogen and deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T; ELECTROMAGNETIC CORRECTIONS; SCATTERING AB We report on a study of the longitudinal to transverse cross section ratio, R=sigma(L)/sigma(T), at low values of x and Q(2), as determined from inclusive inelastic electron-hydrogen and electron-deuterium scattering data from Jefferson Laboratory Hall C spanning the four-momentum transfer range 0.06 < Q(2)< 2.8 GeV2. Even at the lowest values of Q(2), R remains nearly constant and does not disappear with decreasing Q(2), as might be expected. We find a nearly identical behavior for hydrogen and deuterium. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Randolph Macon Womans Coll, Lynchburg, VA 24503 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45071 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Tvaskis, V (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 142301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.142301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100019 PM 17501267 ER PT J AU Lee, M Wanke, MC AF Lee, Mark Wanke, Michael C. TI Searching for a solid-state terahertz technology SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LASERS; POWER C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mcwanke@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5821 BP 64 EP 65 DI 10.1126/science.1141012 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 153XD UT WOS:000245470500030 PM 17412947 ER PT J AU Shibata, N Chisholm, MF Nakamura, A Pennycook, SJ Yamamoto, T Ikuhara, Y AF Shibata, N. Chisholm, M. F. Nakamura, A. Pennycook, S. J. Yamamoto, T. Ikuhara, Y. TI Nonstoichiometric dislocation cores in alpha-alumina SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE ALPHA-AL2O3; BASAL SLIP; CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION AB Little is known about dislocation core structures in oxides, despite their central importance in controlling electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. It has often been assumed, on the basis of charge considerations, that a nonstoichiometric core structure could not exist. We report atomic-resolution images that directly resolve the cation and anion sublattices in alumina (alpha-Al2O3). A dissociated basal edge dislocation is seen to consist of two cores; an aluminum column terminates one partial, and an oxygen column terminates the second partial. Each partial core is locally nonstoichiometric due to the excess of aluminum or oxygen at the core. The implication for mechanical properties is that the mobile high-temperature dislocation core structure consists of two closely spaced partial dislocations. For basal slip to occur, synchronized motion of the partials on adjacent planes is required. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka City Univ, Dept Intelligent Mat Engn, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. RP Shibata, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Bunkyo Ku, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM shibata@sigma.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Ikuhara, Yuichi/F-3066-2010; Nakamura, Atsutomo/H-3335-2012; Shibata, Naoya/E-5327-2013; Ikuhara, Yuichi/N-1001-2015 OI Ikuhara, Yuichi/0000-0003-3886-005X NR 15 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5821 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1126/science.1136155 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 153XD UT WOS:000245470500035 PM 17412952 ER PT J AU Kathmann, S Schenter, G Garrett, B AF Kathmann, Shawn Schenter, Gregory Garrett, Bruce TI The critical role of anharmonicity in aqueous ionic clusters relevant to nucleation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY CHANGES; DYNAMICAL NUCLEATION; GAS-PHASE; SUPERSATURATED VAPORS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; SIGN PREFERENCE; WATER CLUSTERS; CONDENSATION; KINETICS; SENSITIVITY AB Calculating accurate free energies of aqueous ionic clusters is important in many areas of chemical physics. A common practice used in ab initio and other methods to determine the cluster free energy is to use a single energetically favorable configuration and then assume the harmonic approximation to the potential energy surface. In the present study, we compare and contrast harmonic free energies to those determined from anharmonic configurational sampling and how both compare to experiment. It is found that anharmonicity plays a critical role in determining accurate free energies for the clusters underlying ion-induced nucleation. Consequently, energies, geometries, and frequencies obtained by using a single or multiple configurations within the harmonic approximation lead to inaccurate aqueous cluster thermodynamics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kathmann, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shawn.kathmann@pnl.gov RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 13 BP 4977 EP 4983 DI 10.1021/jp067468u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 151AM UT WOS:000245260700009 ER PT J AU Croft, M Kiryukhin, V Horibe, Y Cheong, SW AF Croft, M. Kiryukhin, V. Horibe, Y. Cheong, S-W TI Universality in one-dimensional orbital wave ordering in spinel and related compounds: an experimental perspective SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; PHYSICS; LIV2O4 AB Recent state-of-the-art crystallographic investigations of transition metal spinel compounds have revealed that the d-orbital charge carriers undergo ordering transitions with the formation of local 'molecular bonding' units such as dimers in MgTi2O4, octomers in CuIr2S4, and heptamers in AlV2O4. Herein, we provide a unifying scheme involving one-dimensional (1D) orbital wave (OW) ordering applicable to all of these spinels. The relative phase of the orbitals in the chains is shown to be crucial to the formation of different local units, and thus both the amplitude and phase of the OW play important roles. Examination of Horibe et al's ( 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 086406) structure for AlV2O4 serves as the vehicle for developing the general behaviour for such orbital wave ordering. Ordered AlV2O4 will be seen to organize into three equivalent chains in 2D Kagome planes coupled so as to form units of three dimer bonds. Three additional equivalent chains manifest a more complex tetramerization with three different charge states and two different bonding schemes. The OW ordering scheme developed is extended to other spinel and related compounds with local triangular transition metal coordination and partial filling of the t(2g)-d orbitals. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Croft, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM croft@physics.rutgers.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 86 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/4/086 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156WC UT WOS:000245679600001 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthauth, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashville, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ van Eijk, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Assis Jesus, A. C. S. Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. 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Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Feligioni, L. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthauth, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, A. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gelhaus, R. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J.-F. Grohsjean, A. Grunendahl, S. Grunewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hansson, P. Harder, K. Harel, A. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashville, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J.-P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Le Bihan, A.-C. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lynker, M. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Michaut, M. Miettinen, H. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mommsen, R. K. Mondal, N. K. Monk, J. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Noeding, C. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Oguri, V. Oliveira, N. Onoprienko, D. Oshima, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S.-J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Perea, P. M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M.-A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M.-E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. Prado da Silva, W. L. Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Sidwell, R. A. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, X. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J.-R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Search for single production of scalar leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions decaying into muons and quarks with the D0 detector SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PAIR PRODUCTION; CONSTRAINTS; TEV AB lWe report on a search for second generation leptoquarks (LQ(2)) which decay into a muon plus quark in (p) over barp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.96 TeV in the DO detector using an integrated luminosity of about 300 pb(-1). No evidence for a leptoquark signal is observed and an upper bound on the product of the cross section for single leptoquark production times branching fraction into a quark and a muon was determined for second generation scalar leptoquaiks as a function of the leptoquark mass. This result has been combined with a previously published DO search for leptoquark pair production to obtain leptoquark mass limits as a function of the leptoquark-muon-quark coupling, lambda. Assuming lambda = 1, lower limits on the mass of a second generation scalar leptoquark coupling to a u quark and a muon are m(LQ2) > 274 GeV and m(LQ2) > 226 GeV for beta = 1 and beta = 1/2, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. LAFEX, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ctr Particle Phys, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Phys Corpusculaire, IN2P3, CNRS, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, IN2P3, CNRS, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, IN2P3, CNRS, Marseille, France. CNRS, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, IN2P3, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, IN2P3, CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Nucl Phys, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, PHys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Strohmer, R (reprint author), Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. EM raimund.strochmer@physik.uni-muenchen.de RI Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013 OI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 647 IS 2-3 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.01.064 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 157TK UT WOS:000245743700003 ER PT J AU Bultmann, S Chiang, IH Chrien, RE Drees, A Gill, RL Guryn, W Landgraf, J Ljubicic, TA Lynn, D Pearson, C Pile, P Rusek, A Sakitt, M Tepikian, S Yip, K Chwastowski, J Pawlik, B Haguenauer, M Bogdanov, AA Nurushev, SB Runtzo, MF Strikhanov, MN Alekseev, IG Kanavets, VP Koroleva, LI Morozov, BV Svirida, DN Khodinov, A Rijssenbeek, M Whitehead, L Yeung, S De, K Guler, N Li, J Ozturk, N Sandacz, A AF Bultmann, S. Chiang, I. H. Chrien, R. E. Drees, A. Gill, R. L. Guryn, W. Landgraf, J. Ljubicic, T. A. Lynn, D. Pearson, C. Pile, P. Rusek, A. Sakitt, M. Tepikian, S. Yip, K. Chwastowski, J. Pawlik, B. Haguenauer, M. Bogdanov, A. A. Nurushev, S. B. Runtzo, M. F. Strikhanov, M. N. Alekseev, I. G. Kanavets, V. P. Koroleva, L. I. Morozov, B. V. Svirida, D. N. Khodinov, A. Rijssenbeek, M. Whitehead, L. Yeung, S. De, K. Guler, N. Li, J. Ozturk, N. Sandacz, A. TI Double spin asymmetries A(NN) and A(SS) at root s=200 GeV in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at RHIC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID 1ST MEASUREMENT; HIGH-ENERGY; BEAM AB We present the first measurements of the double spin asymmetries A(NN) and A(SS) at root s = 200 GeV, obtained by the PP2PP experiment using polarized proton beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data were collected in the four momentum transfer t range 0.01 <= vertical bar t vertical bar <= 0.03 (GeV/c)(2). The measured asymmetries, which are consistent with zero, allow us to estimate upper limits on the double helicity-flip amplitudes phi(2) and phi(4) at small vertical bar t vertical bar as well as on the difference Delta sigma(T) between the total cross sections for transversely polarized protons with antiparallel or parallel spin orientations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Guryn, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM guryn@bnl.gov RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808; NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 647 IS 2-3 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.01.067 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 157TK UT WOS:000245743700007 ER PT J AU Brambilla, N Tormo, XGI Soto, J Vairo, A AF Brambilla, Nora Garcia i Tormo, Xavier Soto, Joan Vairo, Antonio TI The logarithmic contribution to the QCD static energy at (NLO)-L-4 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARKONIUM SPECTRUM; TO-LEADING ORDER; POTENTIAL NRQCD; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; 3-LOOP CONTRIBUTION; QUARKS; LOOPS AB Using pNRQCD and known results for the field strength correlator, we calculate the ultrasoft contribution to the QCD static energy of a quark-antiquark pair at short distances at (NLO)-L-4 in alpha(s). At the same order, this provides the logarithmic terms of the singlet static potential in pNRQCD and the log alpha(s) terms of the static energy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Tormo, XGI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xgarcia@hep.anl.gov RI Brambilla, Nora/O-9943-2015; Soto, Joan/F-5021-2016 OI Soto, Joan/0000-0001-5521-0900 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 647 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.02.015 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 157TK UT WOS:000245743700021 ER PT J AU Ishizawa, CI Davis, MF Schell, DF Johnson, DK AF Ishizawa, Claudia I. Davis, Mark F. Schell, Daniel F. Johnson, David K. TI Porosity and its effect on the digestibility of dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn stover; pretreatment; porosity; solute exclusion; thermoporometry; NMR; digestibility ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; POROUS SOLIDS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; DISTRIBUTION PSD; STEAM EXPLOSION; WATER; CELLULOSE; FIBERS AB Enzyme accessibility has been proposed as a limiting factor in the enzymatic conversion of the cellulose in biomass to glucose. Prior work has shown a strong correlation between porosity, measured as the change in the volume of pores accessible to a cellulase-sized molecule, and the initial digestibility of biomass pretreated by various methods. The goal of this work was to determine if porosity was one of the factors governing the overall enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose in dilute acid pretreated biomass. The porosity of wet pretreated corn stover was determined using the methods of solute exclusion and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) thermoporometry. The solute exclusion method identified differences in the accessible pore volume of the pretreated samples compared to untreated corn stover; however, only very small differences in porosity were observed among samples pretreated with a range of severities, giving ethanol yields from 70 to 96%. No correlation was found between the volume accessible to an enzyme-sized molecule (diameter estimated to be 51 angstrom) and the digestibility of the cellulose in dilute acid pretreated corn stover. H-1 NMR thermoporometry was used to measure the amount of water in pores ranging from 20 to 200 angstrom. As was the case for the solute exclusion method, a difference was observed in the pore volume of untreated and acid pretreated corn stover, but no significant differences in pore volume were measured for the different pretreated samples. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, DK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david_johnson@nrel.gov RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011; OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2575 EP 2581 DI 10.1021/jf062131a PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150TN UT WOS:000245241700011 PM 17335219 ER PT J AU Fu, H Zu, XT He, X He, WS Shen, TD AF Fu, H. Zu, X. T. He, X. He, W. S. Shen, T. D. TI The effect of low temperature annealing on the structure of Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE magnetocaloric materials; Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy; X-ray powder diffraction; differential scanning calorimetry ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; TRANSITION; SYSTEM AB Heat treatments at 150 and 400 C for different times were employed on the powdered and bulk Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy. The phase composition and transformations were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The powdered Gd5Si2Ge2 samples, which were heat-treated at 150 degrees C for 2 h and at 400 degrees C for 0.5 h, change from Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure to Gd5Si2Ge2-type and Gd5Si type double-phase structure. However, there is no change in the structure on the bulk Gd5Si2Ge2 samples heat-treated at 400 degrees C for 0.5 and 10 h. These results indicate that the inner stresses can induce the Gd5Si2Ge2 beta-gamma phase transformation to occur at lower temperatures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 431 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.053 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154HT UT WOS:000245498300020 ER PT J AU Pini, MG Rettori, A Betti, P Jiang, JS Ji, Y te Velthuis, SGE Felcher, GP Bader, SD AF Pini, M. G. Rettori, A. Betti, P. Jiang, J. S. Ji, Y. te Velthuis, S. G. E. Felcher, G. P. Bader, S. D. TI Surface spin-flop transition in a uniaxial antiferromagnetic Fe/Cr superlattice induced by a magnetic field of arbitrary direction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNET; TETRACRITICAL POINTS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE TRANSITIONS; MEAN-FIELD; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STATE AB We studied the transition between the antiferromagnetic and the surface spin - flop phases of a uniaxial antiferromagnetic [ Fe( 14 angstrom)/Cr( 11 angstrom)](x20) superlattice. For external fields applied parallel to the in- plane easy axis, the layer- by- layer configuration, calculated in the framework of a mean- field one- dimensional model, was benchmarked against published polarized neutron reflectivity data. For an in- plane field H applied at an angle psi = 0 degrees . to the easy axis, magnetometry shows that the magnetization M vanishes at H = 0, then increases slowly with increasing H. At a critical value of H, a finite jump in M( H) is observed for psi < 5 degrees, while a smooth increase of M versus H is found for psi > 5 degrees. A dramatic increase in the full width at half maximum of the magnetic susceptibility is observed for. psi >= 5 degrees. The phase diagram obtained from micromagnetic calculations displays a first- order transition to a surface spin - flop phase for low psi values, while the transition becomes continuous for psi greater than a critical angle, psi(max) approximate to 4.75.. This is in fair agreement with the experimentally observed results. C1 CNR, Ist Sistemi Complessi, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. INRM CNR, Natl Res Ctr S3, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pini, MG (reprint author), CNR, Ist Sistemi Complessi, Sez Firenze, Via Madonna Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. EM mariagloria.pini@isc.cnr.it RI Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Pini, Maria Gloria/B-9595-2015 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Pini, Maria Gloria/0000-0002-6571-4181 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 AR 136001 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/13/136001 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 156MO UT WOS:000245653500002 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Rasmussen, KO Balatsky, AV Bishop, AR AF Zhu, Jian-Xin Rasmussen, K. O. Balatsky, A. V. Bishop, A. R. TI Local electronic structure in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RANGE CHARGE-TRANSFER; DNA DENATURATION; MOLECULES; POLARONS AB There is increasing evidence for polaronic effects on charge localization and dynamics in DNA. The Peyrard - Bishop - Holstein model has been previously suggested as an appropriate model for the description of such effects. Here we report a self- consistent study of local electronic structure within this model for both homopolymer and realistic viral P5 promoter segments. Our results indicate that both the inter- base- pair stacking interaction and the electron filling can qualitatively influence the polaronic properties in a specific DNA sequence, including features of two distinct length scales and competition with sequence-disorder induced localization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 AR 136203 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/13/136203 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 156MO UT WOS:000245653500009 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Gorelsky, SI George, SD Chan, JM Cabrito, I Dooley, DM Moura, JJG Moura, I Solomon, EI AF Ghosh, Somdatta Gorelsky, Serge I. George, Serena DeBeer Chan, Jeannine M. Cabrito, Ines Dooley, David M. Moura, Jose J. G. Moura, Isabel Solomon, Edward I. TI Spectroscopic, computational, and kinetic studies of the mu(4)-sulfide-bridged tetranuclear Cu-Z cluster in N2O reductase: pH effect on the edge ligand and its contribution to reactivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COPPER SITES; CUPRIC SITE; EPR; PURIFICATION; MECHANISM; VALENCE AB A combination of spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations has been used to evaluate the pH effect at the Cu-Z site in Pseudomonas nautica (Pn) nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) and Achromobacter cycloclastes (Ac) N2OR and its relevance to catalysis. Absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance with sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of the enzymes at high and low pH show minor changes. However, resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy of PnN(2)OR at high pH shows that the 415 cm(-1) Cu-S vibration (observed at low pH) shifts to higher frequency, loses intensity, and obtains a 9 cm(-1) O-18 shift, implying significant Cu-O character, demonstrating the presence of a OH- ligand at the CuICuIV edge. From DFT calculations, protonation of either the OH- to H2O or the mu(4)-S2- to mu(4)-SH- would produce large spectral changes which are not observed. Alternatively, DFT calculations including a lysine residue at an H-bonding distance from the CuICuIV edge ligand show that the position of the OH- ligand depends on the protonation state of the lysine. This would change the coupling of the Cu-(OH) stretch with the Cu-S stretch, as observed in the rR spectrum. Thus, the observed pH effect (pK(a) similar to 9.2) likely reflects protonation equilibrium of the lysine residue, which would both raise E degrees and provide a proton for lowering the barrier for the N-O cleavage and for reduction of the [Cu4S(im)(7)OH](2+) to the fully reduced 4Cu(I) active form for turnover. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, CQFB, Dept Quim, P-2825114 Caparica, Portugal. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Moura, Jose/D-6426-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Moura, Jose/0000-0002-4726-2388; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK031450, DK 31450, R37 DK031450, R37 DK031450-27] NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 13 BP 3955 EP 3965 DI 10.1021/ja066059e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 150TM UT WOS:000245241600048 PM 17352474 ER PT J AU Wong, TH Gupta, MC Hernandez-Garcia, C AF Wong, Teh-Hwa Gupta, Mool C. Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos TI Nanosecond laser pulse-induced electron emission from multiwall carbon nanotube film SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION; WORK FUNCTION AB Electron emission from multiwall carbon nanotube film induced by the irradiation of the second, third and fourth harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was studied as a function of applied voltage and irradiation energy. The experimental result at 266 nm showed a one-photon field-assisted photoemission mechanism at low laser energy and a thermal contribution at higher energy. At 355 and 532 nm wavelengths, the emission seems to be due to thermal assisted field emission. C1 Univ Virginia, Charles L Brown Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wong, TH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charles L Brown Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mgupta@virginia.edu NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 13 AR 135705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/13/135705 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 150TL UT WOS:000245241500020 PM 21730390 ER PT J AU Detwiler, RL Rajaram, H AF Detwiler, Russell L. Rajaram, Harihar TI Predicting dissolution patterns in variable aperture fractures: Evaluation of an enhanced depth-averaged computational model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE FRACTURE; REYNOLDS-EQUATION; REACTIVE FLOW; POROUS-MEDIUM; ART.; PERMEABILITY; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; VARIABILITY AB Water-rock interactions within variable aperture fractures can lead to dissolution of fracture surfaces and local alteration of fracture apertures, potentially transforming the transport properties of fractures over time. Because fractures often provide dominant pathways for subsurface flow and transport, developing models that effectively quantify the role of dissolution on changing transport properties over a range of scales is critical to understanding potential impacts of natural and anthropogenic processes. Dissolution of fracture surfaces is controlled by surface reaction kinetics and transport of reactants and products to and from the fracture surfaces. We present a depth-averaged model of fracture flow and reactive transport that explicitly calculates local dissolution-induced alterations in fracture apertures. The model incorporates an effective mass transfer relationship that represents a smooth transition from reaction-limited dissolution to transport-limited dissolution. We evaluate the model through direct comparison to previously reported physical experiments in transparent analog fractures fabricated by mating an inert, transparent rough surface with a smooth single crystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). These experiments allowed direct measurement of fracture aperture during dissolution experiments using well-established light transmission techniques. Comparison of experiments and simulations at different flow rates demonstrates the relative impact of the dimensionless Peclet and Damkohler numbers on fracture dissolution and the ability of the computational model to simulate dissolution. Despite some discrepancies in the small-scale details of dissolution patterns the simulations predict the evolution of large-scale features quite well for the different experimental conditions. This suggests that the depth-averaged approach is useful for modeling fracture dissolution in the context of geological processes and applied problems such as CO2 sequestration and fracture acidization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Detwiler, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-201, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM detwiler@llnl.gov RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 AR W04403 DI 10.1029/2006WR005147 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 155NR UT WOS:000245584600003 ER PT J AU Holoubek, J Baldrian, J Lal, J AF Holoubek, Jaroslav Baldrian, Josef Lal, Jyotsana TI Self-assembled structures in block copolymer blends: SAXS, SANS and TEM study SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block-copolymer blends; diblock copolymers; neutron scattering; self-assembly; SAXS ID SYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; POLYMER HOMOPOLYMER MIXTURES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BINARY BLENDS; PARAMETER SPACE; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING AB Phenomena associated with the order-disorder transition, microdomain morphology and phase behavior of a deuterated block copolymer (BCP) blend I/II (where I is dPS-block-dPMMA and II is dPS-block-PI) were studied by SAXS, SANS and TEM. The studied, almost symmetric, copolymers differ essentially in microdomain morphology. One of them (I) is in disordered microdomain state, while the other (II) displays lamellar morphology at ordinary temperatures. Self-assembled structures in blends were investigated as a function of concentration of the added microphase-separated copolymer and temperature. The ODT positions were located in all the blends, the position of ODT depending only slightly on the concentration of the ordered copolymer. A systematic increase in long period D of the lamellar phase is observed with the growing content of the disordered copolymer. The evaluation of TEM shows the gradual diminishing of macrophase separated regions of disordered copolymer I with growing content of the lamellar copolymer II. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, Prague, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Holoubek, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, Heyrovsky Sq 2, Prague, Czech Republic. EM holou@imc.cas.cz NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 208 IS 7 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1002/macp.200600419 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 159XT UT WOS:000245901900007 ER PT J AU Khanna, V Kim, BJ Hexemer, A Mates, TE Kramer, EJ Li, X Wang, J Hahn, SF AF Khanna, V. Kim, B. J. Hexemer, A. Mates, T. E. Kramer, E. J. Li, X. Wang, J. Hahn, S. F. TI Chain architecture effects on the diffusion of cylinder-forming block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SPHERICAL DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; SELF-DIFFUSION; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; LAMELLAR; MELTS; HOMOPOLYMERS AB We investigate the effect of chain architecture on the self-diffusion of poly(styrene)-poly(ethylene) triblock (PS-PE-PS or SES) and pentablock (PS-PE-PS-PE-PS or SESES) copolymers with a cylindrical domain structure (E cylinders). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) are employed to reveal the microstructure of the block copolymer films, and dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (DSIMS) is used to obtain diffusion coefficients. The triblock copolymer (SES) chains diffuse through a randomly oriented cylindrical structure via a "hopping" mechanism where the normalized diffusion coefficient D/D-0 (D is the diffusion coefficient of the block copolymer and D-0 is the diffusion coefficient of a disordered (hypothetical) block copolymer of similar M-w) decreases exponentially with the thermodynamic barrier chi N-PE, where chi is the Flory interaction parameter between styrene and ethylene and N-PE is the degree of polymerization of the poly(ethylene) block. However, the pentablock copolymer (SESES) diffuses via a "walking" mechanism through an ordered cylindrical structure which involves the activation of a single E block at a time to overcome the thermodynamic barrier. Both mechanisms have been reported previously for diblock and triblock copolymers, respectively. Hence, for a similar overall M-w the pentablock copolymer diffuses faster than the corresponding triblock copolymer. Moreover, a comparison is made between perpendicular and parallel diffusion in the pentablock copolymer as both mechanisms are observed due to a change in the cylinder orientation (from parallel to perpendicular cylinders) as a function of depth. The relative independence of the parallel diffusion on chi N-PE suggests that the thermodynamic barrier for perpendicular diffusion does not affect parallel diffusion coefficients. However, the normalized parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients of the SESES pentablock copolymer as well as the normalized perpendicular diffusion coefficient of the SES triblock copolymer are substantially less than the corresponding diffusion coefficients of a cylinder-forming diblock copolymer investigated by Cavicchi and Lodge at the same values of chi N-cyl, where N-cyl is the degree of polymerization of the cylinder block. This comparison suggests that entangled loops in the PE midblock cylinders impose additional entropic barriers to diffusion that are absent for diblock copolymers. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Performance Plast & Chem, Freeport, TX 77541 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Kim, Bumjoon J./C-1714-2011 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2443 EP 2452 DI 10.1021/ma061703p PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 150IE UT WOS:000245208400022 ER PT J AU Stein, GE Kramer, EJ Li, XF Wang, J AF Stein, Gila E. Kramer, Edward J. Li, Xuefa Wang, Jin TI Layering transitions in thin films of spherical-domain block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MICELLES AB Highly asymmetric block copolymers forming spherical microdomains arrange in a hexagonal lattice as a monolayer, while the bulk equilibrium structure is body-centered cubic. We report a complex transition from two- to three-dimensional packing in thin films of spherical-domain poly(styrene-b-2vinylpyridine), measured by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The monolayer hexagonal symmetry persists through three layers, with close-packed AB and ABA stacking in films two and three layers thick. At four layers, coexistence between an equilibrium hexagonal close-packed symmetry and a metastable face-centered orthorhombic structure is observed. As the number of layers is further increased from 4 to 23, the hexagonal phase vanishes, and the symmetry of the face-centered orthorhombic phase deforms to approach asymptotically a structure similar to a body-centered cubic lattice with the closest-packed (110) plane oriented parallel to the substrate. Self-consistent-field theory calculations demonstrate that these thickness-dependent packing symmetries result from a competition between the packing preferred in the bulk with that at the interfaces.(1) C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016 OI Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496 NR 28 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2453 EP 2460 DI 10.1021/ma0625509 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 150IE UT WOS:000245208400023 ER PT J AU Teixeira, RE Dambal, AK Richter, DH Shaqfeh, ESG Chu, S AF Teixeira, Rodrigo E. Dambal, Ajey K. Richter, David H. Shaqfeh, Eric S. G. Chu, Steven TI The individualistic dynamics of entangled DNA in solution SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED POLYMER SYSTEMS; CONVECTIVE CONSTRAINT RELEASE; SIMPLE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; SHEAR-FLOW HISTORIES; COX-MERZ RULE; MICROSCOPIC THEORY; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; ELONGATIONAL FLOW; SEGMENTAL STRETCH AB We present the direct visualizations of single, entangled DNA polymers in three flow experiments: relaxation following a rapid shear deformation, steady shear, and startup shear. To evaluate molecular theories, "test" chains were stained against a background of unstained but otherwise identical chains. To provide a direct link to bulk viscoelasticity, identical preparations were also extensively characterized via mechanical rheometry. The four concentrations studied displayed similar rheological features to synthetic polymers at comparable concentrations and were accordingly classified from semidilute to well-entangled. In entangled solutions, we uncovered two distinct relaxation time scales, with the fast, chain retraction characteristic time, tau(fast) approximate to 10-fold longer than the rotational Rouse time assumed by theoretical models. We also found a high degree of molecular individualism and broad conformational distributions in all experiments at shear rates (gamma) over dot > tau(-1)(fast). This new evidence restricts the applicability of the pre-averaging approximation underlying all closed-form theories developed to date and explains some of the complications in modeling nonlinear flows. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shaqfeh, ESG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM esgs@stanford.com RI Richter, David/L-3060-2015 OI Richter, David/0000-0001-6389-0715 NR 75 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2461 EP 2476 DI 10.1021/ma062932e PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 150IE UT WOS:000245208400024 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS Xu, HW Daemen, LL Lokshin, K Tait, KT Mao, WL Luo, JH Currier, RP Hickmott, DD AF Zhao, Yusheng Xu, Hongwu Daemen, Luke L. Lokshin, Konstantin Tait, Kimberly T. Mao, Wendy L. Luo, Junhua Currier, Robert P. Hickmott, Donald D. TI High-pressure/low-temperature neutron scattering of gas inclusion compounds: Progress and prospects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE framework-pressurizing effect; hydrogen storage; inelastic neutron scattering; neutron diffraction ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; DIFFRACTION; ADSORPTION; SITES AB Alternative energy resources such as hydrogen and methane gases are becoming increasingly important for the future economy. A major challenge for using hydrogen is to develop suitable materials to store it under a variety of conditions, which requires systematic studies of the structures, stability, and kinetics of various hydrogen-storing compounds. Neutron scattering is particularly useful for these studies. We have developed high-pressure/low-temperature gas/fluid cells in conjunction with neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering instruments allowing in situ and real-time examination of gas uptake/release processes. We studied the formation of methane and hydrogen clathrates, a group of inclusion compounds consisting of frameworks of hydrogen-bonded H2O molecules with gas molecules trapped inside the cages. Our results reveal that clathrate can store up to four hydrogen molecules in each of its large cages with an intermolecular H-2-H-2 distance of only 2.93 angstrom. This distance is much shorter than that in the solid/metallic hydrogen (3.78 angstrom), suggesting a strong densification effect of the clathrate framework on the enclosed hydrogen molecules. The framework-pressurizing effect is striking and may exist in other inclusion compounds such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Owing to the enormous variety and flexibility of their frameworks, inclusion compounds may offer superior properties for storage of hydrogen and/or hydrogen-rich molecules, relative to other types of compounds. We have investigated the hydrogen storage properties of two MOFs, Cu-3[Co(CN)(6)](2) and Cu-3(BTC)(2) (BTC = benzenetricarboxylate), and our preliminary results demonstrate that the developed neutron-scattering techniques are equally well suited for studying MOFs and other inclusion compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhao@lanl.gov RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009; Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Luo, Junhua/G-8928-2011; OI Luo, Junhua/0000-0002-3179-7652; Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 14 BP 5727 EP 5731 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610332104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156OA UT WOS:000245657600007 PM 17389387 ER PT J AU Wang, HC Liu, YD Hou, J Zheng, MY Robinson, H Ke, HM AF Wang, Huanchen Liu, Yudong Hou, Jing Zheng, Meiyan Robinson, Howard Ke, Hengming TI Structural insight into substrate specificity of phosphodiesterase 10 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP ID CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES; STRIATUM-ENRICHED PHOSPHODIESTERASE; INHIBITOR SELECTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; PDE10A; MECHANISM AB Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze the second messengers cAMP and cGMP. It remains unknown how individual PDE families selectively recognize cAMP and cGMP. This work reports structural studies on substrate specificity. The crystal structures of the catalytic domains of the D674A and D564N mutants of PDE10A2 in complex with cAMP and cGMP reveal that two substrates bind to the active site with the same syn configuration but different orientations and interactions. The products AMP and GMP bind PDE10A2 with the anti configuration and interact with both divalent metals, in contrast to no direct contact of the substrates. The structures suggest that the syn configurations of cAMP and cGMP are the genuine substrates for PDE10 and the specificity is achieved through the different interactions and conformations of the substrates. The PDE10A2 structures also show that the conformation of the invariant glutamine is locked by two hydrogen bonds and is unlikely to switch for substrate recognition. Sequence alignment shows a potential pocket, in which variation of amino acids across PDE families defines the size and shape of the pocket and thus determines the substrate specificity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ke, HM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM hke@med.unc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59791, R01 GM059791] NR 43 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 14 BP 5782 EP 5787 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700279104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156OA UT WOS:000245657600017 PM 17389385 ER PT J AU Luo, JW Li, SS Xia, JB Wang, LW AF Luo, Jun-Wei Li, Shu-Shen Xia, Jian-Bai Wang, Lin-Wang TI Quantum mechanical effects in nanometer field effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE POINT; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATION; MOSFETS; LIMIT; VIEW AB The atomistic pseudopotential quantum mechanical calculations for million atom nanosized metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are presented. When compared with semiclassical Thomas-Fermi simulation results, there are significant differences in I-V curve, electron threshold voltage, and gate capacitance. In many aspects, the quantum mechanical effects exacerbate the problems encountered during device minimization, and it also presents different mechanisms in controlling the behaviors of a nanometer device than the classical one. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luo, JW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, POB 912, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lwwang@lbl.gov RI LUO, JUN-WEI/A-8491-2010; LUO, JUNWEI/B-6545-2013 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 14 AR 143108 DI 10.1063/1.2719151 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 154MR UT WOS:000245512200085 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Skanthakumar, S Sigmon, G Burns, PC Soderholm, L AF Wilson, Richard E. Skanthakumar, S. Sigmon, Ginger Burns, Peter C. Soderholm, L. TI Structures of dimeric hydrolysis products of thorium SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SOLUBILITY PRODUCT; CONCENTRATED NACL; TH(IV); SPECIATION; DIOXIDE; EXAFS; LIBD AB Three unique thorium dimeric compounds have been crystallized from either direct hydrolysis of Th4+(aq)/HCl or titration of Th(OH)(4)(am) with Th(NO3)(4)(aq) and their structures determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Th-2(mu(2)-OH)(2)(NO3)(6)(H2O)(6)]H2O (1) is identical to that identified previously by Johansson. Two additional unreported compounds have been identified, [Th-2(mu(2)-OH)(2)(NO3)(4)(H2O)(8)](NO3)(2) (2) and [Th-2(mu(2)-OH)(2)Cl-2(H2O)(12)]Cl-4 center dot 2H(2)O (3). 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 6.792(2) angstrom, b = 11.710(4) angstrom, c = 13.778(5) angstrom, and beta = 102.714(5)degrees and 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n, with a = 6.926(5) angstrom, b = 7.207(1) angstrom, c = 21.502(1) angstrom, and beta = 96.380(1)degrees. The chloride-containing dimer, 3, crystallizes in triclinic P (1) over bar, with a = 8.080(2) angstrom, b = 8.880(2) angstrom, c = 9.013(2) angstrom, alpha = 97.41(3)degrees, beta = 91.00(3), and gamma = 116.54(3)degrees. We also present high-energy X-ray scattering data demonstrating the presence of the hydroxo-bridged moiety in solution and discuss our findings in the context of known solid-state structures. The three structures demonstrate 11-, 10-, and 9-coordinate thorium, respectively, and coupled with the scattering experiments provide additional structural and chemical insight into tetravalent actinide hydrolysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ls@anl.gov RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680; Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 22 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2368 EP 2372 DI 10.1021/ic0617691 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 149GT UT WOS:000245135900010 PM 17381180 ER PT J AU Aromi, G Gamez, P Krzystek, J Kooijman, H Spek, AL MacLean, EJ Teat, SJ Nowell, H AF Aromi, Guillem Gamez, Patrick Krzystek, J. Kooijman, Huub Spek, Anthony L. MacLean, Elizabeth J. Teat, Simon J. Nowell, Harriott TI Novel linear transition metal clusters of a heptadentate bis-beta-diketone ligand SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; MANGANESE(II) COMPLEX; MACROCYCLIC LIGAND; BRIDGING LIGANDS; TRINUCLEAR; CHAIN; RELEVANCE AB The synthesis and the structure of the new potentially heptadentate ligand 1,3-bis-(3-oxo-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-propionyl)-2-methoxybenzene (H5L) is described. The reaction in pyridine or DMF of this ligand with various M(AcO)(2) salts (M = Ni-II, Co-II, Mn-II) leads to very different products depending on the metal. Thus, the dinuclear complexes [M-2(H3L)(2)(py)(4)] (M = Ni-II, 1; Co-II, 2) or the linear zigzag tetranuclear clusters [Mn-4(H2L)(2)(AcO)(2)(py)(5)] (3) and [Mn-4(H2L)(2)(AcO)(2)(dmf)(4)] (4) have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically. Slow oxidation of complex 3 leads to the formation of the novel mixed-valence linear complex [Mn-3(HL)(2)(py)(6)] (5), displaying an unprecedented asymmetric (MnMnMnII)-Mn-III-Mn-III topology. The coordination geometry of complexes 1 to 5 has been analyzed and discussed by means of continuous shape measures. Magnetic measurements of 3 and 5 demonstrate that the metals within these complexes weakly interact magnetically with coupling constants of J(1) = -1.13 cm(-1) and J(2) = -0.43 cm(-1) (S = 0) for complex 3 and J(1) = -5.4 cm(-1) and J(2) = -0.4 cm(-1) (S = (5)/(2)) for complex 5 (using the H = -Sigma 2J(ij)S(i)S(j) convention). These results are consistent with X-band EPR measurements on these compounds. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res Crystal & Struct Chem, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Aromi, G (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM guillem.aromi@qi.ub.es RI Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Shotton, Elizabeth/C-3486-2014; Aromi, Guillem/I-2483-2015 OI Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Aromi, Guillem/0000-0002-0997-9484 NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2519 EP 2529 DI 10.1021/ic062075v PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 149GT UT WOS:000245135900027 PM 17326626 ER PT J AU Reed, WA Rao, LF Zanonato, P Garnov, AY Powell, BA Nash, KL AF Reed, Wendy A. Rao, Linfeng Zanonato, PierLuigi Garnov, Alexander Yu. Powell, Brian A. Nash, Kenneth L. TI Complexation of U-VI with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in acidic to basic solutions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHANE DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; VARIABLE TEMPERATURES; WASTE SLUDGES; METAL-IONS; URANIUM(VI); CONSTANTS; STABILITY; ALKALI AB Complexation of U-VI with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPA) in acidic to basic solutions has been studied with multiple techniques. A number of 1:1 (UO2H3L), 1:2 (UO2HjL2 where j = +4, +3, +2, +1, 0, and -1), and 2:2 [(UO2)(2)HjL2 where j = +1, 0, and -1] complexes form, but the 1:2 complexes are the major species in a wide pH range. Thermodynamic parameters (formation constants and enthalpy and entropy of complexation) were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. Data indicate that the complexation of U-VI with HEDPA is exothermic, favored by the enthalpy of complexation. This is in contrast to the complexation of U-VI with dicarboxylic acids in which the enthalpy term usually is unfavorable. Results from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and P-31 NMR have confirmed the presence of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:2 U(VI)HEDPA complexes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lrao@lbl.gov RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2870 EP 2876 DI 10.1021/ic0621401 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 149GT UT WOS:000245135900067 PM 17341063 ER PT J AU Vasbinder, MJ Bakac, A AF Vasbinder, Michael J. Bakac, Andreja TI Hydrogen-atom transfer from transition metal hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, and alkyl hydroperoxides to superoxo and oxo metal complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; LOG K-VALUES; CROSS-DISPROPORTIONATION; ACYLPEROXYL RADICALS; OXOCHROMIUM(IV) ION; KINETICS; ABSTRACTION; MECHANISM; OXYGEN; THERMODYNAMICS AB Superoxochromium(III) complexes L(H2O)CrOO2+ (L = (H2O)(4) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) oxidize hydroperoxo complexes of rhodium and cobalt in an apparent hydrogen-atom transfer process, i.e., L(H2O)CrOO2+ + L(H2O)RhOOH2+ -> L(H2O)CrOOH2+ + L(H2O)RhOO2+. All of the measured rate constants fall in a narrow range, 17-135 M-1 s(-1). These values are about 2.5-3.0 times smaller in D2O, where the hydroperoxo hydrogen is replaced by deuterium, and coordinated molecules of water by D2O. The failure of the back reaction to take place in the available concentration range places the O-H bond dissociation energy in RhOO-H2+ at <= 320 kJ/mol. The rates of oxidation of L(H2O)RhOOH2+ by CraqOO2+ are comparable to those for the oxidation of the corresponding hydrides despite the great difference (>= 80 kJ/mol) in the driving force for the two types of reactions. A chromyl ion, (CraqO2+)-O-IV, oxidizes L(H2O)RhOOH2+ and the cobalt analogs to the corresponding superoxo complexes. The rate constants are similar to 10(2)-fold larger than those for the oxidation by CraqOO2+. The oxidation of tert-BuOOH by (CraqO2+)-O-IV has k = 160 M-1 s(-1) and exhibits an isotope effect k(BuOOH)/k(BuOOD) = 12. Hydrogen atom transfer from H2O2 to CraqOO2+ is slow, k approximate to 10(-3) M-1 s(-1). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2921 EP 2928 DI 10.1021/ic070015z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 149GT UT WOS:000245135900073 PM 17290988 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, J Powers, TM Carpenter, S Garcia-Lopez, A Freyer, JP Mourant, JR AF Ramachandran, Janak Powers, Tamara M. Carpenter, Susan Garcia-Lopez, Alicia Freyer, James P. Mourant, Judith R. TI Light scattering and microarchitectural differences between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cell models of tissue SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-LIGHT; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PARTICLE-SIZE; SPECTROSCOPY; BACKSCATTERING; PHANTOMS; MECHANISMS; PATTERNS; MEDIA AB Differences in light scattering properties of a tumorigenic and a non-tumorigenic model for tissue were demonstrated using a variety of light scattering techniques, the majority of which are in vivo compatible. In addition to determining that light scattering differences exist, models for the microarchitectural changes responsible for the light scattering differences were developed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramachandran, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmourant@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA071898] NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 4039 EP 4053 DI 10.1364/OE.15.004039 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 153BJ UT WOS:000245406400043 PM 19532648 ER PT J AU Hall, JE Wiederrecht, GP Gray, SK Chang, SH Jeon, S Rogers, JA Bachelot, R Royer, P AF Hall, Jeffrey E. Wiederrecht, Gary P. Gray, Stephen K. Chang, Shih-Hui Jeon, Seokwoo Rogers, John A. Bachelot, Renaud Royer, Pascal TI Heterodyne apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy on periodic gold nanowells SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; AU FILMS; TRANSMISSION; LITHOGRAPHY; NANOHOLES; ARRAYS; SCALE; PROBE AB Heterodyne detection for apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy was used to study periodic gold nanowell arrays. Optical near-field amplitude and phase signals were obtained simultaneously with the topography of the gold nanowells and with different polarizations. Theoretical calculations of the near-fields were consistent with the experiments; in particular, the calculated amplitudes were in especially good agreement. The heterodyne method is shown to be particularly effective for these types of periodic photonic structures and other highly scattering media, which can overwhelm the near-field scattered signal when conventional apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy is used. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Electroopt Sci & Engn, Tainan, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Technol Troyes, CNRS, FRE 2848, ICD,Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, F-10010 Troyes, France. RP Hall, JE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wiederrecht@anl.gov; gray@anl.gov RI JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; Chang, Gilbert/B-5437-2012; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Chang, Gilbert/0000-0002-2729-4905; NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 4098 EP 4105 DI 10.1364/OE.15.004098 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 153BJ UT WOS:000245406400047 PM 19532652 ER PT J AU Scheck, RA Francis, MB AF Scheck, Rebecca A. Francis, Matthew B. TI Regioselective labeling of antibodies through N-terminal transamination SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PROTEINS; LIGATION; OXIME AB A convenient new method is described for the introduction of ketone groups at the N-termini of antibodies. The reaction occurs in the presence of pyridoxal-5-phosphate under conditions mild enough to maintain antigen binding function, as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further derivatization of these functional sites was accomplished through oxime formation, yielding well-defined antibody conjugates for a wide range of applications. The ability of the modified antibodies to bind their targets was confirmed via immunodot blot analysis. The generality of this method has been demonstrated on a number of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, all with different binding specificities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1S10RR022393-01] NR 24 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1021/cb6003959 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 160MP UT WOS:000245946200020 PM 17455901 ER PT J AU Sugimoto, K Dinnebier, RE Hanson, JC AF Sugimoto, Kunihisa Dinnebier, Robert E. Hanson, Jonathan C. TI Structures of three dehydration products of bischofite from in situ synchrotron powder diffraction data (MgCl2 center dot nH(2)O; n=1, 2, 4) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MAGNESIUM-CHLORIDE; MGCL2.6H2O; KINETICS; TOOL AB High-quality in situ synchrotron powder diffraction data have been used to investigate the decomposition products of bischofite in the temperature range 298 <= T <= 873 K. At least eight phases could be identified: MgCl2 . nH(2)O (n = 1, 2, 4 and 6), MgOHCl . nH(2)O (0 <= n <= 1.0), MgCl2 and MgO. The crystal structures of three magnesium chloride hydrates MgCl2 . nH(2)O (n = 1, 2, 4) were determined ab initio, replacing published Rietveld refinements from low-quality powder diffraction data based on similarity criteria. MgCl2 . 4H(2)O was found to be disordered and has been correctly determined for the first time. The crystal structures of bischofite and MgCl2 . 4H(2)O consist of discrete Mg(H2O)(6) and MgCl2(H2O)(4) octahedra, respectively. The crystal structure of MgCl2 . 2H(2)O is formed by single chains of edge-sharing MgCl2(H2O)(4) octahedra, while in the case of MgCl2 . H2O double chains of edge-sharing MgCl(H2O)(5) octahedra are found. The phases in the system MgCl2-H2O are intermediates in the technologically important process of MgO and subsequently Mg production. The same phases were recently found to be of key importance in the understanding of cracks in certain magnesia concrete floors. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dinnebier, RE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM r.dinnebier@fkf.mpg.de RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Dinnebier, Robert/B-5642-2015 OI Dinnebier, Robert/0000-0003-2778-2113 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1107/S0108768107002558 PN 2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 147FS UT WOS:000244989400008 PM 17374933 ER PT J AU Chinte, U Shah, B Chen, YS Pinkerton, AA Constance, AS Hanson, BL AF Chinte, Unmesh Shah, Binal Chen, Yu-Sheng Pinkerton, A. Alan Schall, Constance A. Hanson, B. Leif TI Cryogenic (< 20 K) helium cooling mitigates radiation damage to protein crystals SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATED ICE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MACROMOLECULAR CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CRYOSTAT; BEAM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLECULES; RADICALS; HYDROGEN AB In experiments conducted at the Bio-CARS beamline 14-BM-C (APS, Argonne National Laboratory, USA), Streptomyces rubiginosus D-xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) crystals were used to test the effect of cryogen temperature on radiation damage. Crystals cooled using a helium cryostat at an 8 K set temperature consistently showed less decay in the signal-to-noise ratio, < I/sigma(I)>, and in average intensity, < I >, compared with those cooled with a nitrogen cryostat set to 100 K. Multiple crystals grown using ammonium sulfate as precipitant were used at each cryostat set temperature and comparisons were made for crystals of similar size and diffraction resolution. Maximum resolution for the crystals was 1.1 - 1.3 angstrom, with He at <= 20 K extending the lifetime of the high-resolution data by > 25% compared with crystals cooled with N-2 at 100 K. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Bio CARS, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hanson, BL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM leif.hanson@gmail.com RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010; OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702; pinkerton, alan/0000-0002-2239-1992 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 07707] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1107/S0907444907005264 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 147FT UT WOS:000244989500008 PM 17372353 ER PT J AU Chruszcz, M Kong, Y Dauter, Z Brown, ML Minor, W AF Chruszcz, Maksymilian Kong, Yali Dauter, Zbigniew Brown, Milton L. Minor, Wladek TI 2-amino-4-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-5-propyl-1,3-thiazolium iodide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID 2-AMINO-4-PHENYLTHIAZOLE; DERIVATIVES; THIAZOLES; CRYSTAL AB In the crystal structure of the title compound, C13H16ClN2S+ center dot I-, the molecule of 2-amino-4-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-5-propyl-1,3-thiazole is protonated on the ring N atom. The angle between the planes formed by the 1,3-thiazole and benzene rings is 39.3 (1)degrees, and this conformation is caused by the presence of the propyl group in position 5 of the heterocyclic ring. The packing in the crystal structure is mainly stabilized by +NH center dot center dot center dot I-and NH center dot center dot center dot I-hydrogen bonds and stacking of 2-amino-4-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-5-propyl-1,3-thiazolium cations. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Minor, W (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, 1340 Jefferson Pk Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM wladek@iwonka.med.virginia.edu RI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/E-6407-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/0000-0001-7521-5485; Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 BP O1598 EP O1600 DI 10.1107/S1600536807009427 PN 4 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 153LL UT WOS:000245436300142 ER PT J AU Cymborowski, M Chruszcz, M Dauter, Z Minor, W AF Cymborowski, Marcin Chruszcz, Maksymilian Dauter, Zbigniew Minor, Wladek TI 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine hemihydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE AB The crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: (S)-2-ammonio-3-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate hemihydrate], C9H10INO3.0.5H(2)O, is stabilized by ionic interactions and a hydrogen-bond network. The hydrogen bonds, involving a water molecule located on a twofold axis, form bridged layers of 3-iodo-L-tyrosine molecules. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Minor, W (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, 1340 Jefferson Pk Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM wladek@iwonka.med.virginia.edu RI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/E-6407-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/0000-0001-7521-5485; Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 BP O1557 EP O1559 DI 10.1107/S1600536807009129 PN 4 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 153LL UT WOS:000245436300125 ER PT J AU Holcomb, D Rudnicki, JW Issen, KA Sternlof, K AF Holcomb, David Rudnicki, John W. Issen, Kathleen A. Sternlof, Kurt TI Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA LA English DT Review DE Compaction localization; Bifurcation AB Localized compaction in porous rocks is a recently recognized phenomenon that has been shown to reduce permeability dramatically. Consequently, the phenomenon is relevant to a variety of technologies involving fluid injection or withdrawal. This article summarizes current understanding of localized compaction and impediments to further progress. The article is based on discussions at a small workshop on localized compaction sponsored by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. C1 [Holcomb, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Rudnicki, John W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Env Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Issen, Kathleen A.] Clarkson Univ, Wallace H Coulter Sch Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Sternlof, Kurt] Harvard Design & Mapping, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Holcomb, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM djholco@sandia.gov; jwrudn@northwestern.edu; issenka@clarkson.edu; ksternlof@hdm.com FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Geosciences Program FX This paper is based on discussions at a workshop sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Geosciences Program. We thank all the participants for written and oral comments that contributed to this article but fully acknowledge that they may disagree with some of the facts, opinions and interpretations expressed here. NR 75 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-1125 EI 1861-1133 J9 ACTA GEOTECH JI Acta Geotech. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s11440-007-0027-y PG 15 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA V25EB UT WOS:000208460200001 ER PT J AU Deville, S Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Deville, Sylvain Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. TI Ice-templated porous alumina structures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE porous ceramics; multilayer; freezing; directional solidification; physics of ice ID ANISOTROPIC INTERFACE KINETICS; CELLULAR CERAMICS; PORE STRUCTURE; SOLIDIFICATION; PARTICLES; SCAFFOLDS; CHANNELS; WOOD; FABRICATION; CRYSTALS AB The formation of regular patterns is a common feature of many solidification processes involving cast materials. We describe here how regular patterns can be obtained in porous alumina by controlling the freezing of ceramic slurries followed by subsequent ice sublimation and sintering, leading to multilayered porous alumina structures with homogeneous and well-defined architecture. We discuss the relationships between the experimental results, the physics of ice, and the interaction between inert particles and the solidification front during directional freezing. The anisotropic interface kinetics of ice leads to numerous specific morphological features in the structure. The structures obtained here could have numerous applications, including ceramic filters and biomaterials, and could be the basis for dense multilayered composites after infiltration with a selected second phase. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Esaiz@lbl.gov OI Deville, Sylvain/0000-0002-3363-3184 NR 33 TC 274 Z9 279 U1 33 U2 212 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1965 EP 1974 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154US UT WOS:000245533900012 ER PT J AU Young, ML Almer, JD Daymond, MR Haeffner, DR Dunand, DC AF Young, M. L. Almer, J. D. Daymond, M. R. Haeffner, D. R. Dunand, D. C. TI Load partitioning between ferrite and cementite during elasto-plastic deformation of an ultrahigh-carbon steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction (XRD); synchrotron radiation; ferritic steels; carbides; metal matrix composites (MMC) ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; PARTICLE-REINFORCED ALUMINUM; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DAMASCUS STEEL; FIBER COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-STRESSES AB An ultrahigh-carbon steel was heat-treated to form an in situ composite consisting of a fine-grained ferritic matrix with 34 vol.% submicron spheroidized cementite particles. Volume-averaged lattice elastic strains for various crystallographic planes of the alpha-Fe and Fe3C phases were measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction for a range of uniaxial tensile stresses up to 1 GPa. In the elastic range of steel deformation, no load transfer occurs between matrix and particles because both phases have nearly equivalent elastic properties. In the steel plastic range after Luders band propagation, marked load transfer takes place from the ductile alpha-Fe matrix to the elastic Fe3C particles. Reasonable agreement is achieved between phase lattice strains as experimentally measured and as computed using finite-element modeling. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Dunand, DC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM dunand@northwestern.edu RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 82 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 9 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2011 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.004 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154US UT WOS:000245533900015 ER PT J AU Endrino, JL Palacin, S Aguirre, MH Gutierrez, A Schafers, F AF Endrino, J. L. Palacin, S. Aguirre, M. H. Gutierrez, A. Schaefers, F. TI Determination of the local environment of silicon and the microstructure of quaternary CrAl(Si)N films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE physical vapor deposition; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; nitrides; nanocrystalline microstructure ID TI-SI-N; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS; ALCRN COATINGS; CUTTING TOOLS; CHROMIUM; TIALSIN; INDENTATION; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Nanocomposite CrAlSiN compounds prepared by the cathodic are evaporation technique were subjected to structural and mechanical characterization tests. X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the effects of Si addition on the structure and phase development of the metastable NaCl structure of high aluminum CrAlN films. TEM studies revealed that partial substitution of the metal component by Si in CrAlN results in the nucleation of a wurtzite h-AlN phase even for amounts of silicon as low as similar to 2-3 at.%. XAS measurements at the Cr and Si K-edges indicated that the local environment of Cr atoms is strongly affected by the Si addition, and that silicon may also be part of the crystalline phase. These results indicate the formation of complex Cr-Si-X compounds, where X can be N, Al or both, and the formation of composite nanocrystalline CrAlSiN films. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res EMPA, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM a.gutierrez@uam.es RI Gutierrez, Alejandro/A-9092-2011; Endrino, Jose/G-1103-2011; Aguirre, Myriam /F-4207-2012; PALACIN, Serge/H-1067-2012; OI Gutierrez, Alejandro/0000-0002-1150-0719; Aguirre, Myriam /0000-0002-1296-4793; PALACIN, Serge/0000-0003-0738-8557; Endrino, Jose/0000-0002-3084-7910 NR 27 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.014 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154US UT WOS:000245533900027 ER PT J AU Proust, G Tome, CN Kaschner, GC AF Proust, G. Tome, C. N. Kaschner, G. C. TI Modeling texture, twinning and hardening evolution during deformation of hexagonal materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE twinning; polycrystal model; hardening; hexagonal materials ID TRANSFORMATION-INDUCED PLASTICITY; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; SLIP DISLOCATIONS; MODERATE STRAINS; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; FCC METALS; POLYCRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB Hexagonal materials deform plastically by activating diverse slip and twinning modes. The activation of such modes depends on their relative critical stresses, and the orientation of the crystals with respect to the loading direction. For a constitutive description of these materials to be reliable, it has to account for texture evolution associated with twin reorientation, and for the effect of the twin barriers on dislocation propagation and on the stress-strain response. In this work, we introduce a model for twinning, which accounts explicitly for the composite character of the grain, formed by a matrix with embedded twin lamellae which evolve with deformation. Texture evolution takes place through reorientation due to slip and twinning. The role of the twins as barriers to dislocations is explicitly incorporated into the hardening description via geometrically necessary dislocations and a directional Hall-Petch mechanism. We apply this model to the interpretation of compression experiments, both monotonic and changing the loading direction, done in rolled Zr at 76 K. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tome@lanl.gov RI Proust, Gwenaelle/A-3601-2010; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 38 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 4 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2148 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.017 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154US UT WOS:000245533900028 ER PT J AU Carlisle, KB Lewis, M Chawla, KK Koopman, M Gladysz, GM AF Carlisle, K. B. Lewis, M. Chawla, K. K. Koopman, M. Gladysz, G. M. TI Finite element modeling of the uniaxial compression behavior of carbon microballoons SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE cellular materials; finite element modeling; foams; microballoons; nanoindentation ID SYNTACTIC FOAMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BALLOONS; SPHERES; MICRO AB Recent interest in syntactic foams has led to a multitude of new research efforts into these materials and their constituents. Our contribution includes a uniaxial compression technique to obtain mechanical properties of single microballoons (MBs). We have used finite element modeling, with ANSYS 8.0, to simulate the uniaxial compression of individual carbon microballoons (CMBs), obtaining deformed shapes and stress states under experimentally determined CMB failure conditions. Previously published data on CMBs, namely failure load, displacement at failure, wall thickness and Young's modulus, were used for linear elastic analysis. Boundary conditions were chosen to achieve axisymmetry and compression was displacement controlled. When modeling the average conditions for three CMB populations, predicted maximum first principal stresses at failure ranged from 637 to 835 MPa. Compression of CMBs with various radius-to-thickness ratios (R/t) was also simulated and a transition of failure mode, from fracture in flexure to buckling, was observed at critical R/t values. Given that real CMBs have imperfections, two common experimentally observed defects, non-concentricity of the internal cavity and through-thickness holes, have also been considered. The two flaws were modeled in different locations relative to the location of load application and their effects on the stress state in CMBs were evaluated. Through-thickness holes in CMB walls were more detrimental to the compressive properties of the CMBs, despite the fact that thin regions in a CMB's wall could cause buckling in a situation where the CMB's average radius and thickness would otherwise predict failure to occur in flexure. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Trelleborg Emerson & Cuming Inc, Canton, MA 02021 USA. RP Chawla, KK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, BEC 254,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM kchawla@uab.edu NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2301 EP 2318 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.026 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ML UT WOS:000246238000009 ER PT J AU Gao, YF Yang, B Nieh, TG AF Gao, Y. F. Yang, B. Nieh, T. G. TI Thermomechanical instability analysis of inhomogeneous deformation in amorphous alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; shear bands; thermomechanical constitutive model; linear stability analysis; shear-band spacing ID BULK-METALLIC GLASSES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SHEAR BANDS; INDENTATION; MODEL; FLOW AB Recent experiments have shown that inhomogeneous deformation in amorphous alloys critically depends on the environmental temperature and the applied strain rate, and that the temperature field inside the shear-band can rise up to the glass transition temperature. A free-volume-based, thermo-viscoplastic constitutive law is developed in which the thermal transport equation includes contributions from the heating from plastic work and the heat conduction. For homogeneous deformation, the instantaneous temperature rise during the strain softening stage can lead to thermal softening and promote the initiation of shear bands. A linear stability analysis is carried out to examine the conditions for the unstable growth of temperature fluctuations. It is found out that the short-wavelength fluctuations, the amplitudes of which would decay at low strain rate and moderately high environmental temperature (but still much lower than the glass transition temperature), become unstable at high strain rate and low temperature, so that the resulting shear-band spacing will be shorter. A deformation mechanism map is constructed to delineate this transition of inhomogeneous deformation from coarse to fine shear-band arrangements. The theoretical results agree well with a nanoindentation experiment where there is varying applied strain rate and environmental temperature and with a microindentation experiment in which the evolution of the effective strain rate during loading influences the spatial distribution of the shear-band spacing observed using the bonded interface technique. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2319 EP 2327 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.027 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ML UT WOS:000246238000010 ER PT J AU Millett, PC Selvam, RP Saxena, A AF Millett, Paul C. Selvam, R. Panneer Saxena, Ashok TI Stabilizing nanocrystalline materials with dopants SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; nanocrystalline materials; grain growth; grain boundary segregation; copper alloys ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; LARGE SPHERICAL IMPURITIES; TOMOGRAPHIC ATOM-PROBE; THERMAL-STABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; GROWTH AB The enhancement of material properties caused by extremely small grain sizes in metals and ceramics is attractive for many technological applications including protective coatings, electronic interconnects and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. However, the large driving force for grain growth caused by the abundance of grain boundaries remains a critical complication in the synthesis and functionality of nanocrystalline materials. Here we present atomistic simulations that illuminate the stabilizing effect of interfacially segregated, oversized dopants in face-centered cubic (fee) copper. Using a bicrystal configuration, the calculated grain boundary energy is reduced to zero with systematically increasing dopant coverage and atomic radius mismatch. We then extend this result to a nanocrystalline network and determine the critical dopant concentration required to eliminate grain growth in bulk and thin film structures. The results of this investigation are intended to guide future experimental efforts to design appropriately doped, stable nanocrystalline materials. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Millett@inl.gov; rps@engr.uark.edu; asaxena@engr.uark.edu RI selvam, Rathinam/H-7849-2013 NR 61 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2329 EP 2336 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.028 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ML UT WOS:000246238000011 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Ott, RT Zimmerman, BJ Porter, WD Gleeson, B AF Sordelet, D. J. Besser, M. F. Ott, R. T. Zimmerman, B. J. Porter, W. D. Gleeson, B. TI Isothermal nature of martensite formation in Pt-modified beta-NiAl alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE martensitic transformation; nickel alluminides; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); X-ray diffraction (XRD) ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; ALUMINIDE BOND COAT; NICKEL-ALUMINIDE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; BURST TRANSFORMATION; CYCLIC OXIDATION; GROWN OXIDE; PLATINUM; TEMPERATURE; AL AB Numerous experimental and modeling efforts to describe the cyclic behavior of beta-NiAl-based coatings have recognized and considered the propensity of Ni-rich beta compositions to exhibit a reversible martensitic transformation upon cooling. However, until now it has not been clear whether this martensite forms by an athermal process or if the transformation is isothermal in nature, exhibiting time-dependent kinetics. In this study model Ni-37Al-xPt (x = 5, 10 and 30) alloys (all at.%) were examined primarily using thermal analysis, which showed that the martensite transformation is isothermal in nature with a single activation energy. In addition, the temperature range where this reversible transformation occurs increases with higher Pt contents. The autocatalytic behavior of this transformation was further illustrated during slow cooling in the differential scanning calorimeter, whereupon a series of 'bursts' corresponding to a sequence of individual exothermic peaks were observed. The potential implications of the isothermal martensite transformation in the P-based coatings is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2433 EP 2441 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.038 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 164ML UT WOS:000246238000021 ER PT J AU Garrett, PE Andreyev, A Austin, RAE Ball, GC Bandyopadhyay, D Becker, JA Boston, AJ Chakrawarthy, RS Cline, D Cooper, RJ Churchman, R Cross, D Dashdorj, D Demand, GA Dimmock, MR Drake, TE Finlay, P Gagon-Miosan, F Gallant, AT Green, KL Grint, AN Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Harkness, LJ Hayes, AB Kanungo, R Kulp, WD Leach, KG Lee, G Leslie, JR Martin, JP Mattoon, C Mills, WJ Morton, AC Mythili, S Nelson, L Newman, O Nolan, PJ Paidilla-Rodal, E Pearson, CJ Phillips, AA Porter-Peden, M Ressler, JJ Roy, R Ruiz, C Savajols, H Sarazin, F Schumaker, MA Scraggs, DP Scraggs, HC Strange, MD Svensson, CE Waddington, JC Wan, JM Whitbeck, A Williams, SJ Wong, J Wood, JL Wu, CY Zganjar, EF AF Garrett, P. E. Andreyev, A. Austin, R. A. E. Ball, G. C. Bandyopadhyay, D. Becker, J. A. Boston, A. J. Chakrawarthy, R. S. Cline, D. Cooper, R. J. Churchman, R. Cross, D. Dashdorj, D. Demand, G. A. Dimmock, M. R. Drake, T. E. Finlay, P. Gagon-Miosan, F. Gallant, A. T. Green, K. L. Grint, A. N. Grinyer, G. F. Hackman, G. Harkness, L. J. Hayes, A. B. Kanungo, R. Kulp, W. D. Leach, K. G. Lee, G. Leslie, J. R. Martin, J.-P. Mattoon, C. Mills, W. J. Morton, A. C. Mythili, S. Nelson, L. Newman, O. Nolan, P. J. Paidilla-Rodal, E. Pearson, C. J. Phillips, A. A. Porter-Peden, M. Ressler, J. J. Roy, R. Ruiz, C. Savajols, H. Sarazin, F. Schumaker, M. A. Scraggs, D. P. Scraggs, H. C. Strange, M. D. Svensson, C. E. Waddington, J. C. Wan, J. M. Whitbeck, A. Williams, S. J. Wong, J. Wood, J. L. Wu, C. Y. Zganjar, E. F. TI Nuclear structure research at TRIUMF SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID CLOVER DETECTOR; DATA SHEETS; SM-152 AB The radioactive beam laboratory at TRIUMF is currently the highest power ISOL facility in the world. Taking advantage of the high-intensity beams, major programs in nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and weak interaction studies have begun. The low-energy area, ISAC-I, is capable of delivering beams up to mass 30 at approximate to 1.7 MeV/u or 60 keV up to the mass of the primary target, whereas ISAC-II will ultimately provide beams up to mass 150 and approximate to 6.5 MeV//u. Major gamma-ray spectrometers for nuclear structure research consist of the 87 spectrometer at ISAC-I, and the TIGRESS spectrometer now being constructed for ISAC-II. Results from recent experiments investigating the beta-decay of nuclei near N = 90 and Coulomb excitation of Na-20,Na-21 are presented that highlight the capabilities of the spectrometers. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015; OI Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551; Gallant, Aaron/0000-0001-7445-9656; Leach, Kyle/0000-0002-4751-1698 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1178 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400009 ER PT J AU Zganjar, EF Achtzehn, T Albers, D Andreoiu, C Andreyev, AN Austin, RAE Ball, GC Behr, JA Biosvert, GC Bricault, P Bishop, S Chakrawarthy, RS Churchman, R Cross, D Cunningham, E D'Auria, JM Dombsky, M Finlay, P Garrett, PE Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Hanemaayer, V Hardy, JC Hodgson, DF Hyland, B Iacob, V Klages, P Koopmans, KA Kulp, WD Lassen, J Lavoie, JP Leslie, JR Linder, T Macdonald, JA Mak, HB Melconian, D Morton, AC Ormand, WE Osborne, CJ Pearson, CJ Pearson, MR Phillips, AA Piechaczek, A Ressler, J Sarazin, F Savard, G Schumaker, MA Scraggs, HC Svensson, CE Valiente-Dobon, JJ Towner, IS Waddington, JC Walker, PM Wendt, K Wood, JL AF Zganjar, E. F. Achtzehn, T. Albers, D. Andreoiu, C. Andreyev, A. N. Austin, R. A. E. Ball, G. C. Behr, J. A. Biosvert, G. C. Bricault, P. Bishop, S. Chakrawarthy, R. S. Churchman, R. Cross, D. Cunningham, E. D'Auria, J. M. Dombsky, M. Finlay, P. Garrett, P. E. Grinyer, G. F. Hackman, G. Hanemaayer, V. Hardy, J. C. Hodgson, D. F. Hyland, B. Iacob, V. Klages, P. Koopmans, K. A. Kulp, W. D. Lassen, J. Lavoie, J. P. Leslie, J. R. Linder, T. Macdonald, J. A. Mak, H-B Melconian, D. Morton, A. C. Ormand, W. E. Osborne, C. J. Pearson, C. J. Pearson, M. R. Phillips, A. A. Piechaczek, A. Ressler, J. Sarazin, F. Savard, G. Schumaker, M. A. Scraggs, H. C. Svensson, C. E. Valiente-Dobon, J. J. Towner, I. S. Waddington, J. C. Walker, P. M. Wendt, K. Wood, J. L. TI Superallowed beta decay studies at TRIUMF - Nuclear structure and fundamental symmetries SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENT; PARTICLE PHYSICS; PRECISION; GA-62; RB-74; ISAC AB Precision measurement of the beta-decay half-life, Q-value, and branching ratio between nuclear analog states of J(pi) = 0(+) and T = 1 can provide critical and fundamental tests of the Standard Model's description of electroweak interactions. A program has been initiated at TRIUMF-ISAC to measure the ft values of these superallowed beta transitions. Two T. = 0, A > 60 cases, Rb-74 and Ca-62, are presented. These are particularly relevant because they can provide critical tests of the calculated nuclear structure and isospin-symmetry breaking corrections that are predicted to be larger for heavier nuclei, and because they demonstrate the advance in the experimental precision on ft at TRIUMF-ISAC from 0.26% for Rb-74 in 2002 to 0.05% for Ga-62 in 2006. The high precision world data on experimental f t and corrected Ft values are discussed and shown to be consistent with CVC at the 10(-4) level, yielding an average Ft = 3073.70(74) s. This Ft leads to V-ud = 0.9737(4) for the up-down element of the Standard Model's CKM matrix. With this value and the Particle Data Group's 2006 values for V-us and V-ub, the unitarity condition for the CKM matrix is met. Additional measurements and calculations are needed, however, to reduce the uncertainties in that evaluation. That objective is the focus of the continuing program on superallowed-beta decay at TRIUMF-ISAC. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. RP Zganjar, EF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zganjar@rouge.phys.lsu.edu; pgarrett@physics.uoguelph.ca RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011; Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011; Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336; Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428; Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1194 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400010 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Adekola, AS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Chae, KY Chipps, K Cizewski, JA Dean, DJ Erikson, L Fitzgerald, RY Gaddis, AL Greife, U Harlin, C Hatarik, R Howard, JA Johnson, MS Kozub, RL Liang, JF Livesay, RJ Ma, Z Moazen, BH O'Malley, PD Nesaraja, CD Pain, SD Patterson, NP Paulauskas, SV Shapira, D Shriner, JF Sissom, DJ Smith, MS Swan, TP Thomas, JS AF Jones, K. L. Adekola, A. S. Bardayan, D. W. Blackmon, J. C. Chae, K. Y. Chipps, K. Cizewski, J. A. Dean, D. J. Erikson, L. Fitzgerald, R. Y. Gaddis, A. L. Greife, U. Harlin, C. Hatarik, R. Howard, J. A. Johnson, M. S. Kozub, R. L. Liang, J. F. Livesay, R. J. Ma, Z. Moazen, B. H. O'Malley, P. D. Nesaraja, C. D. Pain, S. D. Patterson, N. P. Paulauskas, S. V. Shapira, D. Shriner, J. F., Jr. Sissom, D. J. Smith, M. S. Swan, T. P. Thomas, J. S. TI Single neutron transfer experiments close to the r-process path SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID DECAY AB The first measurements using the (d, p) transfer reaction to study single-particle states in nuclei on the expected r-process path have been made at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. The shell closure at N = 50 has been crossed using the Ge-82(d,p) and Se-84(d,p) reactions. The properties of the lowest-lying states have been determined. Furthermore, the Sn-132(d,p) reaction has been used for the first time to populate single-particle states in Sn-133. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Furman Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM joneskl@ornl.gov RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016; Gaddis, Abigail/I-3085-2016; OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Gaddis, Abigail/0000-0001-7495-1552; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1212 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400012 ER PT J AU Pietri, S Regan, PH Podolyak, Z Rudolph, D Gorska, M Jungclaus, A Pfutzner, M Garnsworthy, AB Steer, SJ Caceres, L Werner-Malento, E Hoischen, R Gerl, J Kojouharov, I Schaffner, H Wollersheim, HJ Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Grebosz, J Kelic, A Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Tashenov, S Heinz, A Kurtukian-Nieto, T Benzoni, G Hellstrom, M Andersson, LL Atanasova, L Balabanski, DL Bentley, MA Blank, B Blazhev, A Brandau, C Brown, JR Bruce, AM Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, E Fahlander, C Gelletly, W Ilie, G Johansson, EK Jolie, J Jones, GA Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Schwertel, S Walker, PM Wieland, O AF Pietri, S. Regan, P. H. Podolyak, Zs. Rudolph, D. Gorska, M. Jungclaus, A. Pfuetzner, M. Garnsworthy, A. B. Steer, S. J. Caceres, L. Werner-Malento, E. Hoischen, R. Gerl, J. Kojouharov, I. Schaffner, H. Wollersheim, H. J. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Grebosz, J. Kelic, A. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Tashenov, S. Heinz, A. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Benzoni, G. Hellstrom, M. Andersson, L-L. Atanasova, L. Balabanski, D. L. Bentley, M. A. Blank, B. Blazhev, A. Brandau, C. Brown, J. R. Bruce, A. M. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, E. Fahlander, C. Gelletly, W. Ilie, G. Johansson, E. K. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Schwertel, S. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. TI First results from the stopped beam isomer rising campaign at GSI SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID FRAGMENTATION AB The first results from a series of experiments focused on the study of the internal structure of nuclei at the extremes of N:Z ratio using isomer spectroscopy are reported. These experiments represent the first of the Stopped Beam section of the Rare Isotopes Investigations at GSI (RISING) project. Exotic nuclei were synthesized using relativistic projectile fragmentation of similar to 500 -> 1000 MeV/u beams of Ag-107, Pb-208, Xe-136 and Ni-58, or fission of 750 MeV/u U-238 provided by the SIS synchrotron at GSI. A detailed description of the RISING stopped beam set up is given, together with a report of the performance of the associated gamma-ray spectrometer array. Selected results of the first experimental campaign are presented together with a discussion on the use of isomeric spectroscopy to study GeV range nuclear fragmentation. Details on future research plans of this collaboration are also outlined. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Warsaw Univ, IEP, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. PAN, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Milan, INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1184 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Bulgarian Acad Sci, INRNE, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Pietri, S (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM S.Pietri@surrey.ac.uk; S.Steer@surrey.ac.uk; L.Caceres@gsi.de; P.Bednarczyk@gsi.de; Jerzy.Grebosz@ifj.edu.pl; franco.camera@mi.infn.it; Maria.Kmiecik@ifj.edu.pl; Adam.Maj@ifj.edu.pl; szymon.myalski@gmail.com; oliver.wieland@mi.infn.it RI Atanasova, Liliya/A-6506-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016 OI benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1264 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400018 ER PT J AU Garnsworthy, AB Regan, PH Pietri, S Rudolph, D Caceres, L Gorska, M Podolyak, Z Steer, SJ Heinz, A Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Gerl, J Grawe, H Grebosz, J Kelic, A Kojouharov, I Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopwicz, W Saito, T Schaffner, H Tachenov, S Werner-Malento, E Wollersheim, HJ Benzoni, G Blank, B Brandau, C Bruce, AM Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, E Gelletly, W Hoischen, R Ilie, G Jolie, J Jones, GA Jungclaus, A Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Kurtukian-Nieto, T Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Pfutzner, M Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Schwertel, S Walker, PM Wieland, O AF Garnsworthy, A. B. Regan, P. H. Pietri, S. Rudolph, D. Caceres, L. Gorska, M. Podolyak, Zs. Steer, S. J. Heinz, A. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Gerl, J. Grawe, H. Grebosz, J. Kelic, A. Kojouharov, I. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopwicz, W. Saito, T. Schaffner, H. Tachenov, S. Werner-Malento, E. Wollersheim, H. J. Benzoni, G. Blank, B. Brandau, C. Bruce, A. M. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, E. Gelletly, W. Hoischen, R. Ilie, G. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Jungclaus, A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Pfutzner, M. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Schwertel, S. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. TI Isomeric states in the light Tc isotopes SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp AB Preliminary results from the first experiment of the Stopped Beam RISING campaign are presented. The relativistic projectile fragmentation of a 750 MeV/u beam of Ag-107 populated isomeric states in very neutron deficient nuclei at the proton dripline around mass 80-90. Nuclei were unambiguously identified using the FRagment Separator (FRS) and its ancillary detectors located at GSI. The ions produced were slowed down from relativistic energies by means of an Al degrader and implanted in the centre of the high-efficiency Stopped RISING array. This allowed the identification of new excited states in the N = Z = 43 nucleus, Tc-86, populated following the de-excitation of a microsecond isomer. Preliminary results of this analysis, as well as previously unobserved isomeric states in Tc-87,Tc-88. are reported. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Teor, Madrid, Spain. Warsaw Univ, IEP, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. INFN Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, Garching, Germany. RP Garnsworthy, AB (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM A.Garnsworthy@surrey.ac.uk; S.Pietri@surrey.ac.uk; L.Caceres@gsi.de; M.Gorska@gsi.de; S.Steer@surrey.ac.uk; P.Bednarczyk@gsi.de; Jerzy.Grebosz@ifj.edu.pl; franco.camera@mi.infn.it; Maria.Kmiecik@ifj.edu.pl; Adam.Maj@ifj.edu.pl; szymon.myalski@gmail.com; oliver.wieland@mi.infn.it RI Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016 OI benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1265 EP 1269 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400019 ER PT J AU Caceres, LS Gorska, M Jungclaus, A Regan, PH Garnsworthy, AB Pietri, S Podolyak, Z Rudolph, D Steer, SJ Grawe, H Balabanski, DL Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Benzoni, G Blank, B Brandau, C Bruce, AM Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Doornenbalal, P Estevez, E Geissel, H Gelletly, W Gerl, J Grebosz, J Heinz, A Hoischen, R Ilie, G Jolie, J Jones, GA Kmiecik, M Kojouharov, I Kondev, FG Kurtukian-Nieto, T Kurz, N Lalkowski, S Liu, L Maj, A Myalsk, S Montes, F Pfutzner, M Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Schatfner, H Schwertel, S Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Tashenov, S Walker, PM Werner-Malento, E Wielandh, O Wollersheim, HJ AF Caceres, L. S. Gorska, M. Jungclaus, A. Regan, P. H. Garnsworthy, A. B. Pietri, S. Podolyak, Zs. Rudolph, D. Steer, S. J. Grawe, H. Balabanski, D. L. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Benzoni, G. Blank, B. Brandau, C. Bruce, A. M. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Doornenbalal, P. Estevez, E. Geissel, H. Gelletly, W. Gerl, J. Grebosz, J. Heinz, A. Hoischen, R. Ilie, G. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Kmiecik, M. Kojouharov, I. Kondev, F. G. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Kurz, N. Lalkowski, S. Liu, L. Maj, A. Myalsk, S. Montes, F. Pfuetzner, M. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Schatfner, H. Schwertel, S. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Tashenov, S. Walker, P. M. Werner-Malento, E. Wielandh, O. Wollersheim, H. J. TI Identification of excited states in the N = Z nucleus Nb-82 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID ZR-82; BANDS; T=0 AB Information on the first excited states in the N = Z = 41 nucleus Nb-82 sheds light on the competition of isospin T = 0 and T = 1 states in the A similar to 80 region. The measurement was performed at the GSI laboratory using fragmentation of a Ag-107 primary beam at 750 MeV/u on a 4 g/cm(2) Be-9 target. The fragments were separated and identified unambiguously in the FRagment Separator. Three excited states were observed and the half-life estimate for the isomeric state was extracted. A tentative spin assignment based on the isobaric analogue states systematics in the T-z = 1 nucleus Zr-82, and transition probabilities indicate T = 1 character of the first two excited states, and T = 0 for the isomeric state. C1 GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Lund, Sweden. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy. CENBG, Bordeaux, France. Brighton Univ, Sch Engn, Brighton, E Sussex, England. Inst Nucl Res, Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Cologne, IKP, Cologne, Germany. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. RP Caceres, LS (reprint author), GSI, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016 OI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1271 EP 1275 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400020 ER PT J AU Myalski, S Kmiecik, M Maj, A Regan, PH Garnsworthy, AB Pietri, S Rudolph, D Podolyak, Z Steer, SJ Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Gerl, J Gorska, M Grawe, H Kojouharov, I Schaffner, H Wollersheim, HJ Prokopowicz, W Grebosz, J Benzoni, G Blank, B Brandau, C Bruce, AM Caceres, L Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Doornenbal, P Estevez, E Geissel, H Gelletly, W Heinz, A Hoischen, R Ilie, G Jones, GA Jungclaus, A Kelic, A Kondev, FG Kurtukian-Nieto, T Kurz, N Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Montes, F Pfutzner, M Saito, T Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Schwertel, S Tachenov, S Walker, PM Werner-Malento, E Wieland, O AF Myalski, S. Kmiecik, M. Maj, A. Regan, P. H. Garnsworthy, A. B. Pietri, S. Rudolph, D. Podolyak, Zs. Steer, S. J. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Gerl, J. Gorska, M. Grawe, H. Kojouharov, I. Schaffner, H. Wollersheim, H. J. Prokopowicz, W. Grebosz, J. Benzoni, G. Blank, B. Brandau, C. Bruce, A. M. Caceres, L. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Doornenbal, P. Estevez, E. Geissel, H. Gelletly, W. Heinz, A. Hoischen, R. Ilie, G. Jones, G. A. Jungclaus, A. Kelic, A. Kondev, F. G. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Kurz, N. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Montes, F. Pfuetzner, M. Saito, T. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Schwertel, S. Tachenov, S. Walker, P. M. Werner-Malento, E. Wieland, O. TI Isomeric ratio for the I-pi=8(+) yrast state in Pd-96 produced in the relativistic fragmentation of Ag-107 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID MU-S-ISOMERS; NUCLEI AB We report on the preliminary results from a study of the decay of the I-pi = 8(+) T-1/2 = 2 mu s isomer in Pd-96 performed as part of the Stopped-Beam RISING campaign within the Rare Isotope Investigation at GSI (RISING). The Pd-96 ions were produced following the projectile fragmentation of a 750 MeV per nucleon Ag-107 primary beam. The reaction products were separated and identified by the in-flight method using the GSI Fragment Separator. The residues of interest were stopped in a perspex stopper surrounded by an array of 15, seven-element germanium Cluster detectors. One of the goals of the current work is to investigate the population of high-spin states produced projectile fragmentation reactions using isomeric ratio measurements to infer information on the angular momentum population distribution. In this short contribution the method and results of determining the isomeric ratio for the I-pi = 8(+) microsecond isomer in Pd-96 nucleus are presented. C1 Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. INFN, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, Garching, Germany. RP Myalski, S (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 OI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517; NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1282 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400021 ER PT J AU Steer, SJ Podolyak, Z Pietri, S Regan, PH Rudolph, D Werner-Malento, E Garnsworthy, AB Hoischen, R Gorska, M Gerl, J Wollersheim, HJ Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Caceres, L Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Grebosz, J Kelic, A Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Schaffner, H Tachenov, S Heinz, A Pfuetzner, M Kurtukian-Nieto, T Benzoni, G Jungclaus, A Balabanski, DL Brandau, C Bruce, AM Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, E Gelletly, W Ilie, G Jolie, J Jones, GA Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Shizuma, T Schwertel, S Walker, PM Wieland, O AF Steer, S. J. Podolyak, Zs. Pietri, S. Regan, P. H. Rudolph, D. Werner-Malento, E. Garnsworthy, A. B. Hoischen, R. Gorska, M. Gerl, J. Wollersheim, H. J. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Caceres, L. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Grebosz, J. Kelic, A. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Schaffner, H. Tachenov, S. Heinz, A. Pfuetzner, M. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Benzoni, G. Jungclaus, A. Balabanski, D. L. Brandau, C. Bruce, A. M. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, E. Gelletly, W. Ilie, G. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Shizuma, T. Schwertel, S. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. TI Identification of isomeric states 'south' of Pb-208 via projectile fragmentation SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp AB Relativistic fragmentation of Pb-208 has been used to produce excited states in neutron-rich nuclei with N approximate to 126. Spectroscopic information for a range of nuclei has been obtained through observing delayed gamma-ray emissions from isomeric states. Preliminary results for Pt-203,Pt-204 nuclei are presented. For the first time, excited states have been observed in Pt-203 and Pt-204. The yrast structure of Pt-204 up to spin-parity, I pi = (10(+)) has been tentatively inferred from the internal decay of two isomeric states. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT USA. PAN, Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. INFN, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Bulgarian Acad Sci, INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Nucl Res Inst, Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Cologne, IKP, Cologne, Germany. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, NED, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kyoto, Japan. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, Garching, Germany. RP Steer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 OI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517; NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1283 EP 1286 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400022 ER PT J AU Ashley, SF Linnemann, A Jolie, J Regan, PH Andgren, K Dewald, A McCutchan, EA Melon, B Moller, O Zamfir, NV Amon, L Boelaert, N Cakirli, RB Casten, RF Clark, RM Fransen, C Gelletly, W Gurdal, G Heidemann, M Keyes, KL Erduran, MN Meyer, DA Papenberg, A Plettner, C Rainovski, G Ribas, RV Thomas, NJ Vinson, J Warner, DD Werner, V Williams, E Zell, KO AF Ashley, S. F. Linnemann, A. Jolie, J. Regan, P. H. Andgren, K. Dewald, A. McCutchan, E. A. Melon, B. Moeller, O. Zamfir, N. V. Amon, L. Boelaert, N. Cakirli, R. B. Casten, R. F. Clark, R. M. Fransen, C. Gelletly, W. Gurdal, G. Heidemann, M. Keyes, K. L. Erduran, M. N. Meyer, D. A. Papenberg, A. Plettner, C. Rainovski, G. Ribas, R. V. Thomas, N. J. Vinson, J. Warner, D. D. Werner, V. Williams, E. Zell, K. O. TI Lifetime determination of excited states in Cd-106 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID DECAY CURVE METHOD; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES AB Two separate experiments using the Differential Decay Curve Method have been performed to extract mean lifetimes of excited states in 106 Cd. The inedium-spin states of interest were populated by the Mo-98(C-12, 4n) Cd-106 reaction performed at the Wright Nuclear Structure Lab., Yale University. From this experiment, two isomeric state mean lifetimes have been deduced. The low-lying states were populated by the Mo-96(C-13, 3n)Cd-106 reaction performed at the Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat zu Koln. The mean lifetime of the I-pi = 2(1)(+) state was deduced, tentatively, as 16.4(9) ps. This value differs from the previously accepted literature value from Coulomb excitation of 10.43(9) ps. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Inst Natl Fiz & Ingn Nucl, Bucharest, Romania. Istanbul Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. Univ Ghent, Vakgroep Subatom Stralinsfys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Paisley, Phys Res Inst, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Ashley, SF (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Ribas, Roberto/B-8952-2013; Williams, Elizabeth/D-3442-2014; Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; Werner, Volker/C-1181-2017; OI Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Werner, Volker/0000-0003-4001-0150; Ashley, Stephen/0000-0001-5139-2209 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1388 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400037 ER PT J AU Herskind, B Hagemann, GB Dossing, T Hansen, CR Schunck, N Sletten, C Odegard, S Hubel, H Bringel, P Burger, A Neusser, A Singh, AK Al-Khatib, A Patel, SB Nyako, BM Algora, A Dombradi, Z Gal, J Kalinka, G Sohler, D Molnar, J Timar, J Zolnai, L Juhasz, K Bracco, A Leoni, S Camera, F Benzoni, G Mason, P Paleni, A Million, B Wieland, O Bednarczyk, P Azaiez, F Byrski, T Curien, D Dakov, O Duchene, G Khalfallah, F Gall, B Piqeras, L Robin, J Dudek, J Rowley, N Redon, N Hannachi, F Scheurer, JN Wilson, JN Lopez-Martens, A Korichi, A Hauschild, K Roccaz, J Siem, S Fallon, P Lee, IY Gorgen, A Maj, A Kmiecik, M Brekiesz, M Styczen, J Zuber, K Lisle, JC Cederwall, B Lagergren, K Evans, AO Rainovski, G De Angelis, G La Rana, G Moro, R Lieder, RM Lieder, EO Gast, W Jager, H Pasternak, AA Petrache, CM Petrache, D AF Herskind, B. Hagemann, G. B. Dossing, Th. Hansen, C. Ronn Schunck, N. Sletten, C. Odegard, S. Hubel, H. Bringel, P. Burger, A. Neusser, A. Singh, A. K. Al-Khatib, A. Patel, S. B. Nyako, B. M. Algora, A. Dombradi, Z. Gal, J. Kalinka, G. Sohler, D. Molnar, J. Timar, J. Zolnai, L. Juhasz, K. Bracco, A. Leoni, S. Camera, F. Benzoni, G. Mason, P. Paleni, A. Million, B. Wieland, O. Bednarczyk, P. Azaiez, F. Byrski, Th. Curien, D. Dakov, O. Duchene, G. Khalfallah, F. Gall, B. Piqeras, L. Robin, J. Dudek, J. Rowley, N. Redon, N. Hannachi, F. Scheurer, J. N. Wilson, J. N. Lopez-Martens, A. Korichi, A. Hauschild, K. Roccaz, J. Siem, S. Fallon, P. Lee, I. Y. Gorgen, A. Maj, A. Kmiecik, M. Brekiesz, M. Styczen, J. Zuber, K. Lisle, J. C. Cederwall, B. Lagergren, K. Evans, A. O. Rainovski, G. De Angelis, G. La Rana, G. Moro, R. Lieder, R. M. Lieder, E. O. Gast, W. Jaeger, H. Pasternak, A. A. Petrache, C. M. Petrache, D. TI Light charged particles as gateway to hyperdeformation SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID ENERGY CORRELATIONS; JACOBI TRANSITIONS; SEARCH; SHAPE; SPINS AB The Euroball-IV gamma-detector array, equipped with the ancillary charged particle detector array DIAMANT was used to study the residues of the fusion reaction Ni-64 + Ni-64 double right arrow Ba-128 at E-beam. = 255 and 261 MeV, in an attempt to reach the highest angular momentum and verify the existence of predicted hyperdeformed rotational bands. No discrete hyperdeformed bands were identified, but nevertheless a breakthrough was obtained through a systematic search for rotational ridge structures with very large moments of inertia J(2) >= 100 h(2) MeV((-1)), in agreement with theoretical predictions for hyperdeformed shapes. Evidence for hyperdeformation was obtained by charged particle + gamma-ray gating, selecting triple correlated ridge structures in the continuum of each of the nuclei, Te-118, Xe-124 and Cs-124,Cs-125. In 7 additional nuclei, rotational ridges were also identified with J(2) = 71-77h(2) MeV((-1)), which most probably correspond to superdeformed shape. The angular distributions of the emitted charged particles show an excess in forward direction over expectations from pure compound evaporation, which may indicate that in-complete fusion plays an important role in the population of very elongated shapes. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Bonn, ISKP, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. ATOMKI, Inst Nucl Res, Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. IReS, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. CNRS, IN2P3, INP, Lyon, France. CENBG, Bordeaux, France. CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, Orsay, France. LBNL, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Manchester, Buster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Naples, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. IThemba LABS, Sommerset W, South Africa. FZ Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Herskind, B (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012; DUDEK, Jerzy/A-3584-2013; CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; OI Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390; DUDEK, Jerzy/0000-0001-5864-6339; benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338; Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; Schunck, Nicolas/0000-0002-9203-6849 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1430 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400042 ER PT J AU Al-Khatib, A Hubel, H Bringel, P Engelhardt, C Neusser-Neffgen, A Hagemann, GB Hansen, CR Herskind, B Sletten, G Bracco, A Camera, F Benzoni, G Fallon, P Clark, RM Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Chowdhury, P Amro, H AF Al-Khatib, A. Huebel, H. Bringel, P. Engelhardt, C. Neusser-Neffgen, A. Hagemann, G. B. Hansen, C. R. Herskind, B. Sletten, G. Bracco, A. Camera, F. Benzoni, G. Fallon, P. Clark, R. M. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Chowdhury, P. Amro, H. TI High-spin spectroscopy of Xe-124,Xe-125,Xe-126 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp AB High-spin states in Xe-124,Xe-125,Xe-126 have been populated in the reaction Se-82 (Ca-48, xn) Xe130-x and alpha-ray coincidences were measured with the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer. Twelve new bands extending into the spin 50-60 h region are identified in Xe-125 and Xe-126 and previously known rotational bands at low spins are confirmed and extended. Earlier known structures in Xe-124 are confirmed and a new band is observed. Irregular structures are identified at the top of the yrast and a side band in this nucleus. Configuration assignments for the different structures are suggested. C1 Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Al-Khatib, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1431 EP 1435 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400043 ER PT J AU Guttormsen, M Chankova, R Larsen, AC Rekstad, J Siem, S Syed, NUH Agvaanluvsan, U Schiller, A Voinov, A AF Guttormsen, M. Chankova, R. Larsen, A. C. Rekstad, J. Siem, S. Syed, N. U. H. Agvaanluvsan, U. Schiller, A. Voinov, A. TI The role of broken cooper pairs in warm nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp AB In order to understand warm nuclei and describe the underlying microscopic structure, entropy is measured for several even-even and odd-mass nuclei. Mid-shell nuclei show significant odd-even entropy differences interpreted as the single-particle entropy introduced by the valence nucleon. A method to extract critical temperatures for the pair breaking process is demonstrated. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cylcotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Guttormsen, M (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/C-8742-2014 OI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/0000-0002-2188-3709 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1493 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400051 ER PT J AU Beausang, CW Lesher, SR Burke, JT Bernstein, LA Phair, L Ar, H Gurdal, G Ahle, L Brenner, DS Carpenter, M Clark, RM Crider, B Escher, J Fallon, P Greene, JP Hartley, DJ Hecht, AA Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO McMahan, MA Plettner, C Rohrer, J Seweryniak, D Williams, E Zhu, S AF Beausang, C. W. Lesher, S. R. Burke, J. T. Bernstein, L. A. Phair, L. Ar, H. Gurdal, G. Ahle, L. Brenner, D. S. Carpenter, M. Clark, R. M. Crider, B. Escher, J. Fallon, P. Greene, J. P. Hartley, D. J. Hecht, A. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lee, I. Y. Lister, C. J. Macchiavelli, A. O. McMahan, M. A. Plettner, C. Rohrer, J. Seweryniak, D. Williams, E. Zhu, S. TI New results on fission cross sections in actinide nuclei using the surrogate ratio method and on conversion coefficients in triaxial strongly deformed bands in Lu-167 from ice ball and Gammasphere SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID WOBBLING MODE; NEUTRON; ISOTOPES AB The surrogate ratio technique is described. New results for neutron induced fission cross sections on actinide nuclei, obtained using this technique are presented. The results benchmark the surrogate ratio technique and indicate that the method is accurate to within 5% over a wide energy range. New results for internal conversion coefficients in triaxial strongly deformed bands in Lu-167 are also presented. C1 Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT USA. Clark Univ, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Beausang, CW (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013; Williams, Elizabeth/D-3442-2014; Burke, Jason/I-4580-2012; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1535 EP 1546 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400058 ER PT J AU Swiatecki, WJ Siwek-Wilczynska, K Wilczynski, J AF Swiatecki, W. J. Siwek-Wilczynska, K. Wilczynski, J. TI Effect of shell structure on saddle point masses SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID DEFORMATIONS AB For nuclei in the range of atomic numbers from Z = 71 to Z = 120 we present a survey of experimental and theoretical deviations of ground state and fission saddle point masses from their respective macroscopic approximations. The mass deviations (related to shell effects) are an order of magnitude smaller for saddles than for ground states. This can be understood on the basis of the "topographic theorem". C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. RP Swiatecki, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1565 EP 1575 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400062 ER PT J AU Staszczak, A Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Staszczak,, A. Dobaczewski, J. Nazarewicz, W. TI Bimodal fission in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR BASIS; SYMMETRICAL FISSION; HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; HEAVY; EQUATIONS; BARRIERS; FORCE AB Spontaneous-fission properties of (256)Fm, (258)Fm, and (260)Fm isotopes are studied within the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock+BCS framework. In the particle-hole channel we take the Skyrme SkM* effective force, while in the particle-particle channel we employ the seniority pairing interaction. Three static fission paths for all investigated heavy fermium isotopes are found. The analysis of these fission modes allows to describe observed asymmetric fission of (256)Fm, as well as bimodal fission of (258)Fm and symmetric fission in (260)Fm. C1 Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Lublin, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Staszczak, A (reprint author), Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Lublin, Poland. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1589 EP 1594 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400065 ER PT J AU Tsouris, C McCallum, S Aaron, D Riestenberg, D Gabitto, J Chow, A Adams, E AF Tsouris, Costas McCallum, Scott Aaron, Douglas Riestenberg, David Gabitto, Jorge Chow, Aaron Adams, Eric TI Scale-up of a continuous-jet hydrate reactor for CO2 ocean sequestration SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CO2 sequestration; CO2 ocean injection; CO2 hydrate; hydrate reactor ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; PARTICLES; COMPOSITE; FIELD AB In previous work in our laboratories and in the ocean, we have investigated the formation and dissociation of composite CO2 particles made of CO2 hydrate, liquid CO2, and water. The composite is formed by partially converting liquid CO2 into hydrate at mid-ocean depth (1000-1200 m) conditions. Partial conversion of CO2 into hydrate enables injection of CO2 in seawater in the form of a dense composite material that will drive CO2 to ocean depths well below the injection point. Thermodynamic conditions allowing the formation of negatively buoyant composite particles have been established for a laboratory-scale, continuous-jet hydrate reactor (CJHR). An investigation has been performed to explore the issues related to the scale-up of the CJHR. Hydrate was formed using two CJHR geometries; the first sprayed water in CO2, and the second sprayed CO2 in water. Using a plot of Ohnesorge vs. Reynolds numbers allowed flow rates to be selected that would yield a spray regime and maximize hydrate formation. The effect of varying pressure and liquid flow rates on hydrate behavior was observed. Depending on these parameters, hydrate particles were observed to sink, float, or be neutrally buoyant. A two-order-of-magnitude scale-up in the flow rates of the two fluids has been achieved with the larger CJHR geometries without losing the important characteristics of the hydrate particles (i.e., density and cohesiveness). Temperature changes as a result of hydrate formation were also monitored. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the fate of sinking CO2 hydrate particles after release in the seawater. These results can guide further field and laboratory investigations related to the scale-up of ocean CO2 sequestration. (c) 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.1002/aic.11117 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 149MK UT WOS:000245150800024 ER PT J AU Roper, JM Hansen, SK Wolf, PG Karol, KG Mandoli, DF Everett, KDE Kuehl, J Boore, JL AF Roper, Jessie M. Hansen, S. Kellon Wolf, Paul G. Karol, Kenneth G. Mandoli, Dina F. Everett, Karin D. E. Kuehl, Jennifer Boore, Jeffrey L. TI The complete plastid genome sequence of Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm. (Marattiaceae) SO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ADIANTUM-CAPILLUS-VENERIS; CHLOROPLAST DNA EVOLUTION; INVERTED REPEAT; LAND PLANTS; FERNS; PHYLOGENY; LINEAGES; REARRANGEMENTS; AMPLIFICATION; MONILOPHYTES AB We have sequenced the complete plastid genome of the fern Angiopteris evecta. This taxon belongs to a major lineage (marattioid ferns) that, in most recent phylogenetic analyses, emerges near the base of the monilophytes. We used fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate organelles, rolling circle amplification (RCA) to amplify the plastid genome, followed by shotgun sequencing to 8X depth coverage, and then we assembled these reads to obtain the plastid genome sequence. The circular genome map has 153,901 bp, containing inverted repeats of 21,053 by each, a large single-copy region of 89,709 bp, and a small single-copy region of 22,086 bp. Gene order is similar to that of Psilotum. Several unique characters are observed in the Angiopteris plastid genome, such as repeat structure in a pseudogene. We make structural comparisons to Psilotum and Adiantum plastid genomes. However, the overall structural similarity to Psilotum indicates either wholesale conservation of genome organization, or (less likely) repeated convergence to a stable structure. The results are discussed in relation to a growing comparative database of genomic and morphological characters across the green plants. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Dev Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. DOE Joint Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Wolf, PG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM wolf@biology.usu.edu RI Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FERN SOC INC PI ST LOUIS PA C/O DR GEORGE YATSKIEVYCH, MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-8444 J9 AM FERN J JI Am. Fern J. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1640/0002-8444(2007)97[95:TCPGSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 199BP UT WOS:000248671500004 ER PT J AU Kryukov, GV Pennacchio, LA Sunyaev, SR AF Kryukov, Gregory V. Pennacchio, Len A. Sunyaev, Shamil R. TI Most rare missense alleles are deleterious in humans: Implications for complex disease and association studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MUTATION-SELECTION BALANCE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HUMAN GENOME; HUMAN GENES; PURIFYING SELECTION; SYNONYMOUS MUTATIONS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE VARIATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; COMMON DISEASES AB The accumulation of mildly deleterious missense mutations in individual human genomes has been proposed to be a genetic basis for complex diseases. The plausibility of this hypothesis depends on quantitative estimates of the prevalence of mildly deleterious de novo mutations and polymorphic variants in humans and on the intensity of selective pressure against them. We combined analysis of mutations causing human Mendelian diseases, of human-chimpanzee divergence, and of systematic data on human genetic variation and found that similar to 20% of new missense mutations in humans result in a loss of function, whereas similar to 27% are effectively neutral. Thus, the remaining 53% of new missense mutations have mildly deleterious effects. These mutations give rise to many low-frequency deleterious allelic variants in the human population, as is evident from a new data set of 37 genes sequenced in 11,500 individual human chromosomes. Surprisingly, up to 70% of low-frequency missense alleles are mildly deleterious and are associated with a heterozygous fitness loss in the range 0.001-0.003. Thus, the low allele frequency of an amino acid variant can, by itself, serve as a predictor of its functional significance. Several recent studies have reported a significant excess of rare missense variants in candidate genes or pathways in individuals with extreme values of quantitative phenotypes. These studies would be unlikely to yield results if most rare variants were neutral or if rare variants were not a significant contributor to the genetic component of phenotypic inheritance. Our results provide a justification for these types of candidate-gene (pathway) association studies and imply that mutation-selection balance may be a feasible evolutionary mechanism underlying some common diseases. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Div Genet, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA USA. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Sunyaev, SR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Div Genet, New Res Bldg,77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM ssunyaev@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Kryukov, Gregory/A-9592-2008; OI Kryukov, Gregory/0000-0002-6131-9483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01GM071852, R01 GM071852]; NLM NIH HHS [U54 LM008748, U54LM008748] NR 69 TC 321 Z9 328 U1 2 U2 20 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 727 EP 739 DI 10.1086/513473 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 153VV UT WOS:000245465200013 PM 17357078 ER PT J AU Ahituv, N Kavaslar, N Schackwitz, W Ustaszewska, A Martin, J Hebert, S Doelle, H Ersoy, B Kryukov, G Schmidt, S Yosef, N Ruppin, E Sharan, R Vaisse, C Sunyaev, S Dent, R Cohen, J McPherson, R Pennacchio, LA AF Ahituv, Nadav Kavaslar, Nihan Schackwitz, Wendy Ustaszewska, Anna Martin, Joel Hebert, Sybil Doelle, Heather Ersoy, Baran Kryukov, Gregory Schmidt, Steffen Yosef, Nir Ruppin, Eytan Sharan, Roded Vaisse, Christian Sunyaev, Shamil Dent, Robert Cohen, Jonathan McPherson, Ruth Pennacchio, Len A. TI Medical sequencing at the extremes of human body mass SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN-3 GENE; OBESITY-RELATED PHENOTYPES; HETERODIMER PARTNER GENE; AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN; EARLY-ONSET OBESITY; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE-1; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; GLY482SER MISSENSE MUTATION AB Body weight is a quantitative trait with significant heritability in humans. To identify potential genetic contributors to this phenotype, we resequenced the coding exons and splice junctions of 58 genes in 379 obese and 378 lean individuals. Our 96-Mb survey included 21 genes associated with monogenic forms of obesity in humans or mice, as well as 37 genes that function in body weight-related pathways. We found that the monogenic obesity-associated gene group was enriched for rare nonsynonymous variants unique to the obese population compared with the lean population. In addition, computational analysis predicted a greater fraction of deleterious variants within the obese cohort. Together, these data suggest that multiple rare alleles contribute to obesity in the population and provide a medical sequencing-based approach to detect them. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Div Cardiol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Atherosclerosis Res Grp, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Comp Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Texas, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Univ Texas, McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ctr Med, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov RI Kryukov, Gregory/A-9592-2008; Vaisse, Christian/F-1067-2011; Ersoy, Baran/F-8192-2012; OI Kryukov, Gregory/0000-0002-6131-9483; Ahituv, Nadav/0000-0002-7434-8144 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060540, R01 DK068152] NR 185 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 779 EP 791 DI 10.1086/513471 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 153VV UT WOS:000245465200018 PM 17357083 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, MT Labotka, TC Cole, DR Fayek, M Anovitz, LM AF DeAngelis, Michael T. Labotka, Theodore C. Cole, David R. Fayek, Mostafa Anovitz, Lawrence M. TI Experimental investigation of the breakdown of dolomite in rock cores at 100 MPa, 650-750 degrees C SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE dolomite; kinetics; H2O; CO2 ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; 1 TREMOLITE; RATE LAWS; METAMORPHISM; CALCITE; MECHANISM; WOLLASTONITE; KINETICS; NEVADA AB The kinetics of the breakdown reaction dolomite = periclase + calcite + CO2 were investigated using cores of dolomitic marble. Two samples of Reed Dolomite from southwestern Nevada were cut into cylinders approximately 4 x 6 mm in size. The cores were sealed in gold capsules with isotopically enriched water ((H2O)-O-18 or (HDO0.5)-O-18 O-16(0.5)). The samples were heated in a cold-seal hydrothermal apparatus to 650-750 degrees C at 100 MPa for durations ranging from 2-59 days. The cores were then sectioned and examined by EPMA, XRD, and SIMS techniques. All experiments showed some amount of reaction regardless of duration or temperature. Reaction products occurred mainly along grain boundaries, fractures within grains, and along sample edges. Ion images and isotope-ratio analysis indicated that reaction products exchanged with infiltrating fluids. Reaction rates were calculated from measured extents of reaction, which were determined from automated EPMA modes. At 700 degrees C, we measured reaction rates ranging from 3.8 x 10(-14) to 2.3 x 10(-12) mol/mm(2)-s. The extent of reaction is proportional to the square root of time, suggesting a diffusion-controlled process. A shrinking-core model for the dolomite breakdown reaction fits the grain-size data, suggesting that diffusion of H2O and CO2 through the mantle of reaction products controlled the rate. Apparent activation energies for that diffusion are similar to 283 +/- 32 kJ/mol for coarse-grained samples and similar to 333 +/- 36 kJ/mol for fine-grained samples. Initial reaction occurred relatively fast near the surface of dolomite grains, but continued diffusion through the reaction products ultimately controlled the rate of dolomite breakdown. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Labotka, TC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tlabotka@utk.edu RI Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 4 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2164 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 154JT UT WOS:000245503700007 ER PT J AU Parry, SA Pawley, AR Jones, RL Clark, SM AF Parry, Stephen A. Pawley, Alison R. Jones, Ray L. Clark, Simon M. TI An infrared spectroscopic study of the OH stretching frequencies of talc and 10-A phase to 10 GPa SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE talc; 10-A phase; high-pressure studies; IR spectroscopy ID 10-ANGSTROM PHASE; ANGSTROM PHASE; SYSTEM MGO-SIO2-H2O; SUBDUCTION ZONES; PRESSURE; H2O; STABILITY AB The effects of pressure on the OH stretching frequencies of natural talc and two samples of synthetic 10-angstrom phase have been measured using a diamond-anvil cell and a synchrotron infrared source. The 10-A phase was synthesized at 6.0-6.5 GPa, 600 degrees C for 46 hours (sample 10 angstrom-46) and 160 hours (10 angstrom-160). Spectra were collected up to 9.0 GPa (talc), 9.9 GPa (10 angstrom-46), and 9.6 GPa (10 angstrom-160). The OH stretching vibration of Mg3OH groups in talc occurs at 3677 cm(-1) at ambient pressure, and increases linearly with pressure at 0.97(2) cm(-1) GPa(-1). The same vibration occurs in 10-angstrom phase, but shows negligible pressure shift up to 2 GPa, above which the frequency increases linearly to the maximum pressure studied, at a rate of 0.96(3) cm(-1) GPa(-1) (10 angstrom-46) and 0.87(3) cm(-1) GPa(-1) (10 angstrom-160). Two other prominent bands in the 10-angstrom phase spectrum are suggested to be due to stretching of interlayer H2O, hydrogen-bonded to the nearest tetrahedral sheet. These bands also show little change over the first 2 GPa of compression, as most of the compression of the structure is taken up by closing non-hydrogen bonded gaps between interlayer H2O and tetrahedral sheets. Between 2 and 4 GPa, changes in band intensities suggest a rearrangement of the interlayer H2O. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parry, SA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM alison.pawley@manchester.ac.uk RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013; OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438; Parry, Stephen/0000-0001-5205-4543 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 4 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2211 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 154JT UT WOS:000245503700009 ER PT J AU Klingensmith, AL Deely, KM Kinman, WS Kelly, V Burns, PC AF Klingensmith, Amanda L. Deely, Kathryn M. Kinman, William S. Kelly, Virginia Burns, Peter C. TI Neptunium incorporation in sodium-substituted metaschoepite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE metaschoepite; uranyl; uranium; nuclear waste; geologic repository; crystal structure; neptunium ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; URANYL-SHEET MINERALS; CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; U6+ MINERALS; URANIUM; 90-DEGREES-C; SCHOEPITE; CORROSION; UO2; PREDICTION AB Uranyl oxide hydrate minerals are common in the altered zones of U deposits and are expected to form where spent nuclear fuel is altered in an oxidizing environment. Consistent with all known uranyl oxide hydrate minerals, metaschoepite [(UO(2))(4)O(OH)(6)](H(2)O)(5), contains sheets of uranyl polyhedra with H(2)O groups located in the interlayer. Several crystals along the series from metaschoepite to Na-substituted metaschoepite (Na-MS), approximate formula Na[(UO(2))(4)O(2)(OH)(5)](H(2)O)(5), have been synthesized and their structures have been determined. Each contains sheets of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids that are topologically identical to those in metaschoepite, schoepite and fourmarierite. The sheets are electroneutral in metaschoepite, but substitution of O for OH located at the equatorial vertices of the uranyl polyhedra gives a charged sheet that is balanced by incorporation of Na in the interlayer. Synthesis of crystals of Na-MS from a solution containing similar to 500 ppm Np(5+), followed by analysis of the crystals using laser-ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass-spectroscopy, demonstrated that the crystals incorporate Np. This is in contrast to earlier studies that showed no incorporation of Np(5+) in synthetic metaschoepite (which has electroneutral sheets), and supports the hypothesis that Np(5+) incorporation is more likely in uranyl oxide hydrates with charged species in the interlayer. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klingensmith, AL (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 4 BP 662 EP 669 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2350 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 154JT UT WOS:000245503700025 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Brink, CA Dickerson, RM Day, GA Brisson, MJ Hoover, MD Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Brink, Christopher A. Dickerson, Robert M. Day, Gregory A. Brisson, Michael J. Hoover, Mark D. Scripsick, Ronald C. TI A theoretical framework for evaluating analytical digestion methods for poorly soluble particulate beryllium SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE analytical methods; beryllium compounds; quantitative analysis ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DISEASE; PARTICLES; METAL; OXIDE; SENSITIZATION; DISSOLUTION; EXPOSURES; AEROSOLS; ALLOY AB Complete digestion of all chemical forms and sizes of particulate analytes in environmental samples is usually necessary to obtain accurate results with atomic spectroscopy. In the current study, we investigate the physicochemical properties of beryllium particles likely to be encountered in samples collected from different occupational environments and present a hypothesis that a dissolution theory can be used as a conceptual framework to guide development of strategies for digestion procedures. For monodisperse single-chemical constituent primary particles, such as those encountered when handling some types of beryllium oxide (BeO) powder, theory predicts that a digestion procedure is sufficient when it completely dissolves all primary particles, independent of cluster size. For polydisperse single-chemical constituent particles, such as those encountered during the handling of some types of beryllium metal powder, theory predicts that a digestion procedure is sufficient only when it completely dissolves the largest particle in the sample. For samples with unknown or multi-chemical constituent particles and with particles having undefined sizes, e.g., fume emissions from a copper-beryllium alloy furnace operation or dust from a beryl ore crushing operation, a surface area-limited and single-constituent-dependent dissolution theory may not predict complete dissolution, thereby requiring non-routine robust treatment procedures with post-digestion filtration, followed by examination of residual particulate material. Additionally, for beryllium, and likely other poorly soluble materials, particulate reference materials of various chemical forms and size distributions are needed to better evaluate and harmonize analytical digestion procedures. C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AStefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 7 BP 2411 EP 2417 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0928-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 143TR UT WOS:000244748500011 PM 17124574 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Kim, YJ Yeung, ES AF Kang, Seong Ho Kim, Yun-Jeong Yeung, Edward S. TI Detection of single-molecule DNA hybridization by using dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE single DNA molecules; hybridization; nanoarray chip; dual color; total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LIVING CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROARRAYS; NANOARRAYS; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SURFACES AB We examined the use of prism-type simultaneous dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to probe DNA molecules at the single-molecule level. The system allowed the direct detection of the complementary interactions between single-stranded probe DNA molecules (16-mer) and various lengths of single-stranded target DNA molecules (16-mer and 55-mer) that had been labeled with different fluorescent dyes (Cy3, Cy5, and fluorescein). The polymer-modified glass substrate and the extent of DNA probe immobilization were easily characterized either with standard TIRFM or with atomic force microscopy. However, only dual-color TIRFM could provide unambiguous images of individual single-stranded target DNA molecules hybridized with the correct sequence in the range of fM-aM. Succinic anhydride showed low RMS roughness and was found to be an optimal blocking reagent against non-specific adsorption, with an efficiency of 92%. This study provides a benchmark for directly monitoring the interactions and the detection of co-localization of two different DNA molecules and can be applied to the development of a nanoarray biochip at the single-molecule level. C1 Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Res Inst Phys & Clin, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. EM shkang@chonbuk.ac.kr NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 8 BP 2663 EP 2671 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1134-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 149CG UT WOS:000245123600010 PM 17377778 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Tomkins, BA Kertesz, V AF Van Berkel, Gary J. Tomkins, Bruce A. Kertesz, Vilmos TI Thin-layer chromatography/desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Investigation of goldenseal alkaloids SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SAMPLING PROBE; PLANAR SEPARATIONS; ROOT POWDER; SYSTEM; PLATES; TLC; ANALYTES; MS AB Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was investigated as a means to qualitatively identify and to quantify analytes directly from developed normal-phase thin-layer chromatography plates. The atmospheric sampling capillary of a commercial ion trap mass spectrometer was extended to permit sampling and ionization of analytes in bands separated on intact TLC plates (up to 10 cm x 10 cm). A surface positioning software package and the appropriate hardware enabled computer-controlled surface scanning along the length of development lanes or at fixed R-f value across the plates versus the stationary desorption electrospray emitter. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and related alkaloids and commercial dietary supplements were used as standards and samples. Alkaloid standards and samples were spotted and separated on aluminum- or glass-backed plates using established literature methods. The mass spectral signal levels as a function of desorption spray solvent were investigated with acetonitrile proving superior to methanol. The detection levels (similar to 5 ng each or 14-28 pmol) in mass spectral full-scan mode were determined statistically from the calibration curves (2.5-100 pmol) for the standards berberine, palmatine, and hydrastinine spotted as a mixture and separated on the plates. Qualitative screening of the major alkaloids present in six different over-the-counter "goldenseal" dietary supplements was accomplished by obtaining full-scan mass spectra during surface scans along the development lane in the direction of increasing R-f value. In one sample, alkaloids were detected that strongly suggested the presence of at least one additional herb undeclared on the product label. These same data indicated the misidentification of one of the alkaloids in the TLC literature. Quantities of the alkaloids present in two of the samples determined using the mass spectral data were in reasonable agreement with the label values, indicating the quantitative ability of the method. The advantage of mass spectral measurements in identifying and quantifying materials within overlapping bands and in providing positive identification for even minor species in a mixture was also demonstrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016; OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797; Tomkins, Bruce/0000-0001-8520-1415 NR 31 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 2778 EP 2789 DI 10.1021/ac0622330 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 151QA UT WOS:000245304300019 PM 17338504 ER PT J AU Anwar, MS Hilty, C Chu, C Bouchard, LS Pierce, KL Pines, A AF Anwar, M. Sabieh Hilty, Christian Chu, Chester Bouchard, Louis-S. Pierce, Kimberly L. Pines, Alexander TI Spin coherence transfer in chemical transformations monitored by remote detection NMR SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING REACTION-KINETICS; MICROCOIL NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; TITRATION; REACTORS; H-1-NMR; SAMPLES; LAB AB We demonstrate a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment using continuous flow in a microfluidic channel for studying the transfer of spin coherence in nonequilibrium chemical processes. We use the principle of remote detection, which involves spatially separated NMR encoding and detection coils. As an example, we provide the map of chemical shift correlations for the amino acid alanine as it transitions from the zwitterionic to the anionic form. The presented method uniquely allows for tracking the migration of encoded spins during the course of any chemical transformation and can provide useful information about reaction mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anwar, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 11-D64, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sabieh@berkeley.edu; pines@berkeley.edu RI Hilty, Christian/C-1892-2015; OI Hilty, Christian/0000-0003-2539-2568; Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh/0000-0001-5039-8828 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 2806 EP 2811 DI 10.1021/ac062327+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 151QA UT WOS:000245304300022 PM 17335181 ER PT J AU Souto, FJ AF Souto, Francisco J. TI A simple approximation to estimate the reactor period in critical assemblies SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A simple approximation is proposed to estimate the reactor period in critical assemblies for which the reactivity parameters, such as the fissile material, neutron-energy spectrum, and effective fraction of delayed neutrons, are characterized. This approximation is based on the period-reactivity equation, in combination with the delayed-neutron parameters corresponding to the fissile material and neutron-energy spectrum of the critical assembly, and Monte Carlo computer-code calculations of the criticality factor, prompt-neutron lifetime, and average number of neutrons per fission. The proposed approximation is validated with experimental results for the Lady Godiva fast metal and the Solution-High Energy Burst Assembly (SHEBA) thermal solution critical assemblies that operated at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In addition, the results of the approximation are also compared with those reported for experiments conducted at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly. The results from this analysis indicate that the proposed approximation can be used to estimate the reactor period in critical assemblies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Souto, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS T086,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fsouto@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2007.01.004 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 171DT UT WOS:000246715800001 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I Scovel, C AF Steinwart, Ingo Scovel, Clint TI Fast rates for support vector machines using gaussian kernels' SO ANNALS OF STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE support vector machines; classification; nonlinear discrimination; learningrates; noise assumption; Gaussian RBF kernels ID EMPIRICAL PROCESSES; CONCENTRATION INEQUALITIES; CLASSIFICATION; CONSISTENCY; RISK; DISCRIMINATION; CONVERGENCE; CLASSIFIERS; SPACES; BOUNDS AB For binary classification we establish learning rates up to the order of n(-1) for support vector machines (SVMs) with hinge loss and Gaussian RBF kernels. These rates are in terms of two assumptions on the considered distributions: Tsybakov's noise assumption to establish a small estimation error, and a new geometric noise condition which is used to bound the approximation error. Unlike previously proposed concepts for bounding the approximation error, the geometric noise assumption does not employ any smoothness assumption. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 37 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0090-5364 J9 ANN STAT JI Ann. Stat. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 575 EP 607 DI 10.1214/009053606000001226 PG 33 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 203PX UT WOS:000248987600005 ER PT J AU Krauter, P Biermann, A AF Krauter, Paula Biermann, Arthur TI Reaerosolization of fluidized spores in ventilation systems SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS; PARTICLE RESUSPENSION; ANTHRAX; AEROSOLIZATION; DEPOSITION; SURFACES; DUCTS AB This project examined dry, fluidized spore reaerosolization in a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning duct system. Experiments using spores of Bacillus atrophaeus, a nonpathogenic surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, were conducted to delineate the extent of spore reaerosolization behavior under normal indoor airflow conditions. Short-term (five air-volume exchanges), long-term (up to 21,000 air-volume exchanges), and cycled (on-off) reaerosolization tests were conducted using two common duct materials. Spores were released into the test apparatus in turbulent airflow (Reynolds number, 26,000). After the initial pulse of spores (approximately 10(10) to 10(11) viable spores) was released, high-efficiency particulate air filters were added to the air intake. Airflow was again used to perturb the spores that had previously deposited onto the duct. Resuspension rates on both steel and plastic duct materials were between 10(-3) and 10(-5) per second, which decreased to 10 times less than initial rates within 30 min. Pulsed flow caused an initial spike in spore resuspension concentration that rapidly decreased. The resuspension rates were greater than those predicted by resuspension models for contamination in the environment, a result attributed to surface roughness differences. There was no difference between spore reaerosolization from metal and that from plastic duct surfaces over 5 hours of constant airflow. The spores that deposited onto the duct remained a persistent source of contamination over a period of several hours. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krauter, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM krauter2@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2165 EP 2172 DI 10.1128/AEM.02289-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300016 PM 17293522 ER PT J AU Thompson, SA Maani, EV Lindell, AH King, CJ McArthur, JV AF Thompson, Stuart A. Maani, Elizabeth V. Lindell, Angela H. King, Catherine J. McArthur, J. Vaun TI Novel tetracycline resistance determinant isolated from an environmental strain of Serratia marcescens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COSELECTION; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; RESERVOIRS; INFECTION AB Resistances to tetracycline and mercury were identified in an environmental strain of Serratia marcescens isolated from a stream highly contaminated with heavy metals. As a step toward addressing the mechanisms of coselection of heavy metal and antibiotic resistances, the tetracycline resistance determinant was cloned in Escherichia coli. Within the cloned 13-kb segment, the tetracycline resistance locus was localized by deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis. DNA sequence analysis of an 8.0-kb region revealed a novel gene [tet,4(41)] that was predicted to encode a tetracycline efflux pump. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the TetA(41) protein was most closely related to the Tet(39) efflux protein of Acinetobacter spp. yet had less than 80% amino acid identity with known tetracycline efflux pumps. Adjacent to the tetA(41) gene was a divergently transcribed gene. [tetR(41)] predicted to encode a tetracycline-responsive repressor protein. The tetA(41)tetR(41) intergenic region contained putative operators for TetR(41) binding. The tetA(41) and tetR(41) promoters were analyzed using 1acZ fusions, which showed that the expression of both the tetA(41) and tetR(41) genes exhibited TetR(41) -dependent regulation by subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline. The apparent lack of plasmids in this S. marcescens strain, as well as the presence of metabolic genes adjacent to the tetracycline resistance locus, suggested that the genes were located on the S. marcescens chromosome and may have been acquired by transduction. The cloned Tet 41 determinant did not confer mercury resistance to E. coli, confirming that Tet 41 is a tetracycline-specific efflux pump rather than a multidrug transporter. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Thompson, SA (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM stthomps@mcg.edu NR 41 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2199 EP 2206 DI 10.1128/AEM.02511-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300020 PM 17308196 ER PT J AU Maroni, VA Reeves, JL Schwab, G AF Maroni, V. A. Reeves, J. L. Schwab, G. TI On-line characterization of YBCO coated conductors using Raman spectroscopy methods SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman; superconductor; on-line monitoring; optical speckle ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; SPECKLE; SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ROUGHNESS; FILMS AB The use of Raman spectroscopy for on-line monitoring of the production of superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) thin films on long-length metal tapes coated with textured buffer layers is reported for the first time. A methodology is described for obtaining Raman spectra of YBCO on moving tape exiting a metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition (MOCVD) enclosure. After baseline correction, the spectra recorded in this way show the expected phonons of the specific YBCO crystal orientation required for high supercurrent transport, as well as phonons of non-superconducting second-phase impurities when present. It is also possible to distinguish YBCO films that are properly textured from films having domains of misoriented YBCO grains. An investigation of the need for focus control on moving tape indicated that focusing of the laser on the surface of the highly reflective YBCO films exiting the MOCVD enclosure tends to produce aberrant photon bursts that swamp the Raman spectrum. These photon bursts are very likely a consequence of optical speckle effects induced by a combination of surface roughness, crystallographic texture, and/or local strain within the small grain microstructure of the YBCO film. Maintaining a slightly out-of-focus condition provides the best signal-to-noise ratio in terms of the obtained Raman spectra. In addition to examining moving tape at the post-MOCVD stage, Raman spectra of the film surface can also be recorded after the oxygen anneal performed to bring the YBCO to the optimum superconducting state. Consideration is given to data processing methods that could be adapted to the on-line Raman spectra to allow the tagging of out-of-specification tape segments and, at a more advanced level, feedback control to the MOCVD process. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP Maroni, VA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maroni@cmt.anl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1366/000370207780466208 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 154VY UT WOS:000245537200002 PM 17456253 ER PT J AU Harmon, SM King, JK Gladden, JB Newman, LA AF Harmon, S. M. King, J. K. Gladden, J. B. Newman, L. A. TI Using sulfate-amended sediment slurry batch reactors to evaluate mercury methylation SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOBULBUS-PROPIONICUS 1PR3; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; AQUEOUS-PHASE ETHYLATION; REDUCING BACTERIA; METHYLMERCURY FORMATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; PURE CULTURES; PORE WATERS AB In the methylated form, mercury represents a concern to public health primarily through the consumption of contaminated fish tissue. Research conducted on the methylation of mercury strongly suggests that the process is microbial in nature and facilitated principally by sulfate-reducing bacteria. This study addressed the potential for mercury methylation by varying sulfate treatments and wetland-based soil in microbial slurry reactors with available inorganic mercury. Under anoxic laboratory conditions conducive to the growth of naturally occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria in the soil, it was possible to evaluate how various sulfate additions influenced the methylation of inorganic mercury added to overlying water as well as the sequestration of dissolved copper. Treatments included sulfate amendments ranging from 25 to 500 mg/L (0.26 to 5.2 mM) above the soil's natural sulfate level. Mercury methylation in sulfate treatments did not exceed that of the nonamended control during a 35-day incubation period. However, increases in methylmercury concentration were linked to bacterial growth and sulfate reduction. A time lag in methylation in the highest treatment correlated with an equivalent lag in bacterial growth. The decrease in dissolved copper ranged from 72.7% in the control to 99.7% in the highest sulfate treatment. It was determined that experimental systems such as these can provide some useful information but that they also have severe limitations once sulfate is depleted or if sulfate is used in excess. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Harmon, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM micheleh@usca.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0071-x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 149TG UT WOS:000245169000005 PM 17384981 ER PT J AU Torcellini, PA Pless, SD Judkoff, R Crawley, D AF Torcellini, Paul A. Pless, Shanti D. Judkoff, Ron Crawley, Drury TI Solar technologies & the building envelope SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US DOE, Off Bldg Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Torcellini, PA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 14 EP + PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 160JA UT WOS:000245935500005 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Bowman, J Brodrick, J AF Zogg, Robert Bowman, John Brodrick, James TI Using microturbines SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 160JA UT WOS:000245935500010 ER PT J AU Larsen, JA Roe, ES Albert, CE Descour, AS McMillan, RS Gleason, AE Jedicke, R Block, M Bressi, TH Cochran, KC Gehrels, T Montani, JL Perry, ML Read, MT Scotti, JV Tubbiolo, AF AF Larsen, Jeffrey A. Roe, Eric S. Albert, C. Elise Descour, Anne S. McMillan, Robert S. Gleason, Arianna E. Jedicke, Robert Block, Miwa Bressi, Terrence H. Cochran, Kim C. Gehrels, Tom Montani, Joseph L. Perry, Marcus L. Read, Michael T. Scotti, James V. Tubbiolo, Andrew F. TI The search for distant objects in the solar system using spacewatch SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt; minor planets; asteroids; solar system : formation; surveys ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; 2003 VB12 SEDNA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERED DISK; OORT CLOUD; ORBITAL DISTRIBUTION; STELLAR ENCOUNTERS; SKY SURVEY; EARTH AB We have completed a low-inclination ecliptic survey for distant and slow-moving bright objects in the outer solar system. This survey used data taken over 34 months by the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project based at Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak. Spacewatch revisits the same sky area every three to seven nights in order to track cohorts of main-belt asteroids. This survey used a multiple-night detection scheme to extend our rate sensitivity to as low as 0.012 arcsec hr(-1). When combined with our plate scale and flux sensitivity (V approximate to 21), this survey was sensitive to Mars-sized objects out to 300 AU and Jupiter-sized planets out to 1200 AU. The survey covered approximately 8000 deg(2) of raw sky, mostly within 10 degrees of the ecliptic but away from the Galactic center. An automated motion-detection program was modified for this multinight search and processed approximately 2 terabytes of imagery into motion candidates. This survey discovered 2003 MW12, currently the tenth largest classical Kuiper Belt object. In addition, several known large Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs were detected, and the detections were used with a model of our observational biases to make population estimates as a check on our survey efficiency. We found no large objects at low inclinations despite having sufficient sensitivity in both flux and rate to see them out as far as 1200 AU. For low inclinations, we can rule out more than one to two Pluto-sized objects out to 100 AU and one to two Mars-sized objects to 200 AU. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Larsen, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM larsen@usna.edu; m065796@usna.edu; albert@usna.edu; adescour@lpl.arizona.edu; bob@lpl.arizona.edu NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1247 EP 1270 DI 10.1086/511155 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 154YF UT WOS:000245543700006 ER PT J AU Fornal, B Tucker, DL Smith, JA Allam, SS Rider, CJ Sung, HY AF Fornal, Bartosz Tucker, Douglas L. Smith, J. Allyn Allam, Sahar S. Rider, Cristin J. Sung, Hwankyung TI A survey of open clusters in the u ' g ' r ' i ' z ' filter system. III. Results for the cluster NGC 188 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 188); stars : abundances ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; OLD OPEN CLUSTERS; WIYN OPEN CLUSTER; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; GALACTIC OPEN CLUSTERS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; NGC 188; CCD PHOTOMETRY; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY AB We continue our series of papers describing the results of a photometric survey of open star clusters, primarily in the southern hemisphere, taken in the u'g'r'i'z' filter system. The entire observed sample covered more than 100 clusters, but here we present data only on NGC 188, which is one of the oldest open clusters known in the Milky Way. We fit the Padova theoretical isochrones to our data. Assuming a solar metallicity for NGC 188, we find a distance of 1700 +/- 100 pc, an age of 7.5 +/- 0.7 Gyr, and a reddening E(B-V) of 0.025 +/- 0.005. This yields a distance modulus of 11.23 +/- 0.14. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Internship Undergrad Phys Majors Program, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Fornal, B (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. RI Fornal, Bartosz/M-8633-2016; OI Fornal, Bartosz/0000-0003-3271-2080; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 86 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1420 DI 10.1086/511419 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 154YF UT WOS:000245543700019 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Aglietta, M Aguirre, C Allard, D Allekotte, I Allison, P Alvarez, C Alvarez-Muniz, J Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Anjos, JC Aramo, C Arisaka, K Armengaud, E Arneodo, F Arqueros, F Asch, T Asorey, H Atulugama, BS Aublin, J Ave, M Avila, G Bacelar, J Backer, T Badagnani, D Barbosa, AF Barbosa, HMJ Barkhausen, M Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Bauleo, P Beatty, J Beau, T Becker, BR Becker, KH Bellido, JA BenZvi, S Berat, C Bergmann, T Bernardini, P Bertou, X Biermann, PL Billoir, P Blanch-Bigas, O Blanco, F Blasi, P Bleve, C Blumer, H Boghrat, P Bohacova, M Bonifazi, C Bonino, R Boratav, M Brack, J Brunet, JM Buchholz, P Busca, NG Caballero-Mora, KS Cai, B Camin, DV Capdevielle, JN Caruso, R Castellina, A Cataldi, G Cazon, L Cester, R Chauvin, J Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chou, A Chye, J Claes, D Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Clay, SB Connolly, B Cordier, A Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Cronin, J Dagoret-Campagne, S Quang, TD Darriulat, P Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Almeida, RM de Carvalho, LA De Donato, C de Jong, SJ de Mello, WJM de Mello, JRT De Mitri, I de Oliveira, MAL de Souza, V del Peral, L Deligny, O Della Selva, A Delle Fratte, C Dembinski, H Di Giulio, C Diaz, JC Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivo, JC Dornic, D Dorofeev, A Dova, MT D'Urso, D DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, L Erdmann, M Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A Ewers, A San Luis, PF Falcke, H Fauth, AC Fazio, D Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Ferrer, F Ferry, S Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fleck, I Fokitis, E Fonte, R Fuhrmann, D Fulgione, W Garcia, B Garcia-Pinto, D Garrard, L Garrido, X Geenen, H Gelmini, G Gemmeke, H Geranios, A Ghia, PL Giller, M Gitto, J Glass, H Gobbi, F Gold, MS Albarracin, FG Berisso, MG Herrero, RG do Amaral, MG Gongora, JP Gonzalez, D Gonzalez, JG Gonzalez, M Gora, D Gorgi, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, A Grunfeld, C Grupen, C Guarino, F Guedes, GP Gutierrez, J Hague, JD Hamilton, JC Harakeh, MN Hararl, D Harmsma, S Hartmann, S Harton, JL Haungs, A Healy, MD Hebbeker, T Heck, D Hojvat, C Homola, P Horandel, J Horneffer, A Horvat, M Hrabovsky, M Huege, T Iarlori, M Insolia, A Kaducak, M Kalashev, O Kampert, KH Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Klages, HO Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapik, R Knapp, J Koang, DH Kolotaev, Y Kopmann, A Kromer, O Kuhlman, S Kuijpers, J Kunka, N Kusenko, A Lachaud, C Lago, BL Lebrun, D LeBrun, P Lee, J Letessier-Selvon, A Leuthold, M Lhenry-Yvon, I Longo, G Lopez, R Aguera, AL Lucero, A Maldera, S Malek, M Maltezos, S Mancarella, G Mancenido, ME Mandat, D Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Maris, IC Martello, D Martinez, N Martinez, J Martinez, O Mathes, HJ Matthews, J Matthews, JAJ Matthiae, G Maurin, G Maurizio, D Mazur, PO McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, G Medina, MC Meyhandan, R Micheletti, MI Miele, G Miller, W Mollerach, S Monasor, M Ragaigne, DM Montanet, F Morales, B Morello, C Moreno, E Morris, C Mostafa, M Muller, MA Mussa, R Navarra, G Nellen, L Newman-Holmes, C Newton, D Thi, TN Nichol, R Nierstenhofer, N Nitz, D Nogima, H Nosek, D Nozka, L Oehlschlager, J Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Oliveira, LFA Olmos-Gilbaja, VM Ortiz, M Ostapchenko, S Otero, L Palatka, M Pallotta, J Parente, G Parizot, E Parlati, S Patel, M Paul, T Payet, K Pech, M Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perrone, L Petrera, S Petrinca, P Petrov, Y Ngoc, DP Thi, TNP Piegaia, R Pierog, T Pisanti, O Porter, TA Pouryamout, J Prado, L Privitera, P Prouza, M Quel, EJ Rautenberg, J Reis, HC Reucroft, S Revenu, B Ridky, J Risi, A Risse, M Riviere, C Rizi, V Robbins, S Roberts, M Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Frias, DR Martino, JR Rojo, JR Ros, G Rosado, J Roth, M Roucelle, C Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B Roulet, E Rovero, AC Salamida, F Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M Santos, EM Sarkar, S Sato, R Scherini, V Schieler, H Schmidt, T Scholten, O Schovanek, P Schussler, F Sciutto, SJ Scuderi, M Semikoz, D Sequeiros, G Shellard, RC Siffert, BB Sigl, G Skelton, P Slater, W De Grande, NS Smialkowski, A Smida, R Smith, BE Snow, GR Sokolsk, P Sommers, P Sorokin, J Spinka, H Strazzeri, E Stutz, A Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, AD Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Tamashiro, A Tamburro, A Tascau, O Ticona, R Timmermans, C Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJT Tonachini, A Torresi, D Travnicek, P Tripathi, A Tristram, G Tscherniakhovski, D Tueros, M Tunnicliffe, V Ulrich, R Unger, M Urban, M Galicia, JFV Valino, I Valore, L van den Berg, AM van Elewyck, V Vazquez, RA Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Venters, T Verzi, V Videla, M Villasenor, L Van, TV Vorobiov, S Voyvodic, L Wahlberg, H Wainberg, O Waldenmaier, T Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Westerhoff, S Wiebusch, C Wieczorek, G Wiencke, L Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wileman, C Winnick, MG Xu, J Yamamoto, T Younk, P Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zech, A Zepeda, A Zha, M Ziolkowski, M AF Abraham, J. Aglietta, M. Aguirre, C. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allison, P. Alvarez, C. Alvarez-Muniz, J. Ambrosio, M. Anchordoqui, L. Anjos, J. C. Aramo, C. Arisaka, K. Armengaud, E. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, F. Asch, T. Asorey, H. Atulugama, B. S. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avila, G. Bacelar, J. Baecker, T. Badagnani, D. Barbosa, A. F. Barbosa, H. M. J. Barkhausen, M. Barnhill, D. Barroso, S. L. C. Bauleo, P. Beatty, J. Beau, T. Becker, B. R. Becker, K. H. Bellido, J. A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bernardini, P. Bertou, X. Biermann, P. L. Billoir, P. Blanch-Bigas, O. Blanco, F. Blasi, P. Bleve, C. Bluemer, H. Boghrat, P. Bohacova, M. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Boratav, M. Brack, J. Brunet, J. M. Buchholz, P. Busca, N. G. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Cai, B. Camin, D. V. Capdevielle, J. N. Caruso, R. Castellina, A. Cataldi, G. Cazon, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J. A. Chou, A. Chye, J. Claes, D. Clark, P. D. J. Clay, R. W. Clay, S. B. Connolly, B. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C. E. Cronin, J. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Quang, T. Dang Darriulat, P. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B. R. de Almeida, R. M. de Carvalho, L. A. De Donato, C. de Jong, S. J. de Mello Junior, W. J. M. de Mello Neto, J. R. T. De Mitri, I. de Oliveira, M. A. L. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Della Selva, A. Delle Fratte, C. Dembinski, H. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J. C. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J. C. Dornic, D. Dorofeev, A. Dova, M. T. D'Urso, D. DuVernois, M. A. Engel, R. Epele, L. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C. O. Etchegoyen, A. Ewers, A. San Luis, P. Facal Falcke, H. Fauth, A. C. Fazio, D. Fazzini, N. Fernandez, A. Ferrer, F. Ferry, S. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipcic, A. Fleck, I. Fokitis, E. Fonte, R. Fuhrmann, D. Fulgione, W. Garcia, B. Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrard, L. Garrido, X. Geenen, H. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Geranios, A. Ghia, P. L. Giller, M. Gitto, J. Glass, H. Gobbi, F. Gold, M. S. Gomez Albarracin, F. Gomez Berisso, M. Gomez Herrero, R. do Amaral, M. Goncalves Gongora, J. P. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Gora, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Grassi, V. Grillo, A. Grunfeld, C. Grupen, C. Guarino, F. Guedes, G. P. Gutierrez, J. Hague, J. D. Hamilton, J. C. Harakeh, M. N. Hararl, D. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, S. Harton, J. L. Haungs, A. Healy, M. D. Hebbeker, T. Heck, D. Hojvat, C. Homola, P. Hoerandel, J. Horneffer, A. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, M. Huege, T. Iarlori, M. Insolia, A. Kaducak, M. Kalashev, O. Kampert, K. H. Keilhauer, B. Kemp, E. Klages, H. O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapik, R. Knapp, J. Koang, D.-H. Kolotaev, Y. Kopmann, A. Kroemer, O. Kuhlman, S. Kuijpers, J. Kunka, N. Kusenko, A. Lachaud, C. Lago, B. L. Lebrun, D. LeBrun, P. Lee, J. Letessier-Selvon, A. Leuthold, M. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Longo, G. Lopez, R. Lopez Aguera, A. Lucero, A. Maldera, S. Malek, M. Maltezos, S. Mancarella, G. Mancenido, M. E. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A. G. Maris, I. C. Martello, D. Martinez, N. Martinez, J. Martinez, O. Mathes, H. J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthiae, G. Maurin, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P. O. McCauley, T. McEwen, M. McNeil, R. R. Medina, G. Medina, M. C. Meyhandan, R. Micheletti, M. I. Miele, G. Miller, W. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Ragaigne, D. Monnier Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, E. Morris, C. Mostafa, M. Muller, M. A. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Nellen, L. Newman-Holmes, C. Newton, D. Thi, T. Nguyen Nichol, R. Nierstenhoefer, N. Nitz, D. Nogima, H. Nosek, D. Nozka, L. Oehlschlaeger, J. Ohnuki, T. Olinto, A. Oliveira, L. F. A. Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M. Ortiz, M. Ostapchenko, S. Otero, L. Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parlati, S. Patel, M. Paul, T. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pekala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I. M. Perrone, L. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrov, Y. Ngoc, D. Pham Thi, T. N. Pham Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pisanti, O. Porter, T. A. Pouryamout, J. Prado Junior, L. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E. J. Rautenberg, J. Reis, H. C. Reucroft, S. Revenu, B. Ridky, J. Risi, A. Risse, M. Riviere, C. Rizi, V. Robbins, S. Roberts, M. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Frias, D. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Ros, G. Rosado, J. Roth, M. Roucelle, C. Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A. C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sanchez, F. Santander, M. Santos, E. M. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scherini, V. Schieler, H. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schovanek, P. Schuessler, F. Sciutto, S. J. Scuderi, M. Semikoz, D. Sequeiros, G. Shellard, R. C. Siffert, B. B. Sigl, G. Skelton, P. Slater, W. De Grande, N. Smetniansky Smialkowski, A. Smida, R. Smith, B. E. Snow, G. R. Sokolsk, P. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijarvi, T. Supanitsky, A. D. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tascau, O. Ticona, R. Timmermans, C. Tkaczyk, W. Todero Peixoto, C. J. Tonachini, A. Torresi, D. Travnicek, P. Tripathi, A. Tristram, G. Tscherniakhovski, D. Tueros, M. Tunnicliffe, V. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Valdes Galicia, J. F. Valino, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A. M. van Elewyck, V. Vazquez, R. A. Veberic, D. Veiga, A. Velarde, A. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villasenor, L. Van, T. Vo Vorobiov, S. Voyvodic, L. Wahlberg, H. Wainberg, O. Waldenmaier, T. Walker, P. Warner, D. Watson, A. A. Westerhoff, S. Wiebusch, C. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczynska, B. Wilczynski, H. Wileman, C. Winnick, M. G. Xu, J. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zech, A. Zepeda, A. Zha, M. Ziolkowski, M. TI Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic tays; anisotropies; galactic centre ID GAMMA-RAYS; GALAXY AB Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius A. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the 'hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Atom Bariloche, CNEA, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Tec Nac, CONICET, CNEA, Lab Tandar, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pierre Auger So Observ, RA-5613 Malargue, Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Nacl Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis,IFLP, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Tecnol Nacl Reg Mendoza & San Rafael, CONICET, CEILAP, CITEFA, Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Catolica Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, Dept Raios Cosm & Cronol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Fis, BR-44031460 Feira De Santana, Brazil. Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Exatas, BR-48083900 Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Paris 11, Inst Nucl Phys, F-91400 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91400 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab AstroParticule & Cosmol, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich C Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elektron, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RWTH Aachen 3, Phys Inst A, Physikzentrum, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys Expt Teilchenphys 7, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Zografos, Greece. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Phys Sect, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Sez INFN, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Sez INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Fis, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Sez INFN, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Sez INFN, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Sez INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72500, Mexico. IPN, CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Michoacana, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Alcala de Henares, Space Plasmas & Astroparticle Grp, E-28801 Alcala De Henares, Spain. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Elect Engn, Inst Integrated Informat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Atom Bariloche, CNEA, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RI Guarino, Fausto/I-3166-2012; Kalashev, Oleg/R-9476-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /A-7608-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; De Mitri, Ivan/C-1728-2017; Nosek, Dalibor/F-1129-2017; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; van den Berg, Adriaan/P-6792-2015; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013; Fulgione, Walter/C-8255-2016; scuderi, mario/O-7019-2014; zas, enrique/I-5556-2015; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Arqueros, Fernando/K-9460-2014; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Kopmann, Andreas/B-3454-2013; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; de Almeida, Rogerio/L-4584-2016; Blanco, Francisco/F-1131-2015; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Garcia Pinto, Diego/J-6724-2014; Arneodo, Francesco/E-5061-2015; Prouza, Michael/F-8514-2014; Parente, Gonzalo/G-8264-2015; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/H-1857-2015; Rosado, Jaime/K-9109-2014; Valino, Ines/J-8324-2012; De Donato, Cinzia/J-9132-2015; Di Giulio, Claudio/B-3319-2015; Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; Ros, German/L-4764-2014; Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015; Gomez-Herrero, Raul/B-7346-2011; Schussler, Fabian/G-5313-2013; Nierstenhofer, Nils/H-3699-2013; Mandat, Dusan/G-5580-2014; Bohacova, Martina/G-5898-2014; Nozka, Libor/G-5550-2014; Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014; Schovanek, Petr/G-7117-2014; Travnicek, Petr/G-8814-2014; Smida, Radomir/G-6314-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Pech, Miroslav/G-5760-2014; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Miele, Gennaro/F-3628-2010; Muller, Marcio Aparecido/H-9112-2012; fulgione, walter/I-5232-2012; D'Urso, Domenico/I-5325-2012; Bleve, Carla/J-2521-2012; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Tamburro, Alessio/A-5703-2013; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Arneodo, Francesco/B-8076-2013; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Venters, Tonia/D-2936-2012; Barbosa, Henrique/F-3499-2012; Fauth, Anderson/F-9570-2012; Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Nichol, Ryan/C-1645-2008; Aramo, Carla/D-4317-2011; Kemp, Ernesto/H-1502-2011; Chiavassa, Andrea/A-7597-2012; Verzi, Valerio/B-1149-2012; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /F-2540-2011; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/G-3873-2012; de souza, Vitor/D-1381-2012; OI Sigl, Guenter/0000-0002-4396-645X; Aramo, Carla/0000-0002-8412-3846; maldera, simone/0000-0002-0698-4421; Matthews, James/0000-0002-1832-4420; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Salamida, Francesco/0000-0002-9306-8447; Guarino, Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885; Kalashev, Oleg/0000-0002-7982-1842; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /0000-0002-2550-4462; De Mitri, Ivan/0000-0002-8665-1730; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Asorey, Hernan/0000-0002-4559-8785; Gomez Berisso, Mariano/0000-0001-5530-0180; de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Fulgione, Walter/0000-0002-2388-3809; scuderi, mario/0000-0001-9026-5317; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Arqueros, Fernando/0000-0002-4930-9282; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Kopmann, Andreas/0000-0002-2362-3943; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; de Almeida, Rogerio/0000-0003-3104-2724; Blanco, Francisco/0000-0003-4332-434X; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Garcia Pinto, Diego/0000-0003-1348-6735; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597; Parente, Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Rosado, Jaime/0000-0001-8208-9480; Valino, Ines/0000-0001-7823-0154; De Donato, Cinzia/0000-0002-9725-1281; Di Giulio, Claudio/0000-0002-0597-4547; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; Ros, German/0000-0001-6623-1483; Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X; Gomez-Herrero, Raul/0000-0002-5705-9236; Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; D'Urso, Domenico/0000-0002-8215-4542; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Rizi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Santander, Juan Marcos/0000-0001-7297-8217; Horandel, Jorg/0000-0001-6604-547X; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Garcia, Beatriz/0000-0003-0919-2734; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Torresi, Domenico/0000-0002-6043-6178; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Petrera, Sergio/0000-0002-6029-1255; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Aglietta, Marco/0000-0001-8354-5388; Kothandan, Divay/0000-0001-9048-7518; Castellina, Antonella/0000-0002-0045-2467; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Barbosa, Henrique/0000-0002-4027-1855; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-4683-230X; Del Peral, Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Coutu, Stephane/0000-0003-2923-2246 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.11.002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 160VE UT WOS:000245969600004 ER PT J AU Sefusatti, E Vale, C Kadota, K Frieman, J AF Sefusatti, Emiliano Vale, Chris Kadota, Kenji Frieman, Joshua TI Primordial non-Gaussianity and dark energy constraints from cluster surveys SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MASS FUNCTION; X-RAY; POWER SPECTRUM; DENSITY FIELD; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MATTER; ABUNDANCE; GALAXIES AB Galaxy cluster surveys will be a powerful probe of dark energy. At the same time, cluster abundance is sensitive to any non-Gaussianity of the primordial density field. It is therefore possible that non-Gaussian initial conditions might be misinterpreted as a sign of dark energy or at least degrade the expected constraints on dark energy parameters. To address this issue, we perform a likelihood analysis of an ideal cluster survey similar in size and depth to the upcoming South Pole Telescope survey and Dark Energy Survey. We analyze a model in which the strength of the non-Gaussianity is parameterized by the constant f(NL); this model has been used extensively to derive cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy constraints on non-Gaussianity, allowing us to make contact with those works. We find that the constraining power of the cluster survey on dark energy observables is not significantly diminished by non-Gaussianity, provided that cluster redshift information is included in the analysis. We also find that even an ideal cluster survey is unlikely to significantly improve current and future CMB constraints on non-Gaussianity. However, when all systematics are under control, such surveys could constitute a valuable cross-check on CMB observations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sefusatti, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM emiliano@fnal.gov OI Sefusatti, Emiliano/0000-0003-0473-1567 NR 74 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1086/511331 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900002 ER PT J AU Sikora, M Stawarz, L Lasota, JP AF Sikora, Marek Stawarz, Lukasz Lasota, Jean-Pierre TI Radio loudness of active galactic nuclei: Observational facts and theoretical implications SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : jets; MHD; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID BLACK-HOLE MASS; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; LINE SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; PEAKED EMISSION-LINES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY BINARIES; ACCRETION DISCS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RELATIVISTIC JETS AB We investigate how the total radio luminosity of AGN-powered radio sources depends on their accretion luminosity and the central black hole mass. Our studies cover about 7 orders of magnitude in accretion luminosity (expressed in Eddington units, i.e., as Eddington ratios) and the full range of AGN black hole masses. We find that AGNs form two distinct and well-separated sequences on the radio-loudness-Eddington-ratio plane. The ''upper'' sequence is formed by radio-selected AGNs, and the ''lower'' sequence contains mainly optically selected objects. Whereas an apparent ''gap'' between the two sequences may be an artifact of selection effects, the sequences themselves mark the real upper bounds of radio loudness of two distinct populations of AGNs: those hosted respectively by elliptical and disk galaxies. Both sequences show the same dependence of the radio loudness on the Eddington ratio (an increase with decreasing Eddington ratio), which suggests that the normalization of this dependence is determined by the black hole spin. This implies that central black holes in giant elliptical galaxies have (on average) much larger spins than black holes in spiral/disk galaxies. This galaxy-morphology-related radio dichotomy breaks down at high accretion rates where the dominant fraction of luminous quasars hosted by elliptical galaxies is radio quiet. This led to speculations in the literature that formation of powerful jets at high accretion rates is intermittent and related to switches between two disk accretion modes, as directly observed in some black hole X-ray binaries. We argue that such intermittency can be reconciled with the spin paradigm, provided that successful formation of relativistic jets by rotating black holes requires collimation by MHD outflows from accretion disks. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Konigstuhl, Germany. RP Sikora, M (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. NR 116 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 815 EP 828 DI 10.1086/511972 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900012 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Herwig, F Beers, TC Christlieb, N AF Johnson, Jennifer A. Herwig, Falk Beers, Timothy C. Christlieb, Norbert TI A search for nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : carbon; stars : population II ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS; COMPREHENSIVE ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS; A(2)DELTA-X(2)PI BAND SYSTEM; HIGH DISPERSION SPECTROGRAPH; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; VERY-LOW METALLICITY; CARBON-RICH OBJECTS; KECK PILOT PROGRAM AB Theoretical models of very metal-poor intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars predict a large overabundance of primary nitrogen. The very metal-poor, carbon-enhanced, s-process-rich stars, which are thought to be the polluted companions of now extinct AGB stars, provide direct tests of the predictions of these models. Recent studies of the carbon and nitrogen abundances in metal-poor stars have focused on the most carbon-rich stars, leading to a potential selection bias against stars that have been polluted by AGB stars that produced large amounts of nitrogen and hence have small [C/N] ratios. We call these stars nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor (NEMP) stars and define them as having [N/Fe] > +0.5 and [C/N] < -0.5. In this paper we report on the [C/N] abundances of a sample of 21 carbon-enhanced stars, all but three of which have [C/Fe] < +2.0. If NEMP stars were made as easily as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, then we expected to find between two and seven NEMP stars. Instead, we found no NEMP stars in our sample. Therefore, this observational bias is not an important contributor to the apparent dearth of N-rich stars. Our [C/N] values are in the same range as values reported previously in the literature (-0.5 to +2.0), and all stars are in disagreement with the predicted [C/N] ratios for both low- and high-mass AGB stars. We suggest that the decrease in [C/N] from the low- mass AGB models is due to enhanced extramixing, while the lack of NEMP stars may be caused by unfavorable mass ratios in binaries or the difficulty of mass transfer in binary systems with large mass ratios. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Hamburg, Germany. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jennifer.johnson@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; fherwig@lanl.gov; beers@pa.msu.edu; nchristlieb@hs.uni-hamburg.de NR 93 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 1203 EP 1216 DI 10.1086/510114 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900046 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Julien, K Stewart, GR AF Petersen, Mark R. Julien, Keith Stewart, Glen R. TI Baroclinic vorticity production in protoplanetary disks. I. Vortex formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; solar system : formation; turbulence ID HYDRODYNAMIC SHEAR TURBULENCE; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ACCRETION DISKS; CONCURRENT ACCRETION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; TRANSIENT GROWTH; KEPLERIAN DISKS; GIANT PLANETS; DYNAMICS AB The formation of vortices in protoplanetary disks is explored via pseudospectral numerical simulations of an anelasticgas model. This model is a coupled set of equations for vorticity and temperature in two dimensions that includes baroclinic vorticity production and radiative cooling. Vortex formation is unambiguously shown to be caused by baroclinicity, because (1) these simulations have zero initial perturbation vorticity and a nonzero initial temperature distribution, and ( 2) turning off the baroclinic term halts vortex formation, as shown by an immediate drop in kinetic energy and vorticity. Vortex strength increases with larger background temperature gradients, warmer background temperatures, larger initial temperature perturbations, higher Reynolds number, and higher resolution. In the simulations presented here, vortices form when the background temperatures are similar to 200 K and vary radially as r(-0.25), the initial vorticity perturbations are zero, the initial temperature perturbations are 5% of the background, and the Reynolds number is 10(9). A sensitivity study consisting of 74 simulations showed that as resolution and Reynolds number increase, vortices can form with smaller initial temperature perturbations, lower background temperatures, and smaller background temperature gradients. For the parameter ranges of these simulations, the disk is shown to be convectively stable by the Solberg-Hoiland criteria. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mpetersen@lanl.gov OI Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 NR 48 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 1236 EP 1251 DI 10.1086/511513 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900048 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Stewart, GR Julien, K AF Petersen, Mark R. Stewart, Glen R. Julien, Keith TI Baroclinic vorticity production in protoplanetary disks. II. Vortex growth and longevity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; solar system : formation; turbulence ID RADIALLY STRATIFIED DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; HYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; THIN; INSTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; FLOWS AB The factors affecting vortex growth in convectively stable protoplanetary disks are explored using numerical simulations of a two-dimensional anelastic-gas model that includes baroclinic vorticity production and radiative cooling. The baroclinic feedback, in which anomalous temperature gradients produce vorticity through the baroclinic term and vortices then reinforce these temperature gradients, is found to be an important process in the rate of growth of vortices in the disk. Factors that strengthen the baroclinic feedback include fast radiative cooling, high thermal diffusion, and large radial temperature gradients in the background temperature. When the baroclinic feedback is sufficiently strong, anticyclonic vortices form from initial random perturbations and maintain their strength for the duration of the simulation, for over 600 orbital periods. Based on both simulations and a simple vortex model, we find that the local angular momentum transport due to a single vortex may be inward or outward, depending on its orientation. The global angular momentum transport is highly variable in time and is sometimes negative and sometimes positive. This result is for an anelastic-gas model and does not include shocks that could affect angular momentum transport in a compressible-gas disk. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mpetersen@lanl.gov OI Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 1252 EP 1263 DI 10.1086/511523 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900049 ER PT J AU Eisenhardt, PR De Propris, R Gonzalez, AH Stanford, SA Wang, M Dickinson, M AF Eisenhardt, Peter R. De Propris, Roberto Gonzalez, Anthony H. Stanford, S. A. Wang, Michael Dickinson, Mark TI Multiaperture UBVRIzJHK photometry of galaxies in the Coma Cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Coma); galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : photometry ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; SPECTROSCOPIC DATA; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; NEARBY CLUSTERS; SPIRAL GALAXIES AB We present a set of UBVRIzJHK(s) photometry for 745 J + H-band-selected objects in a 22: 50; 29: 20 region centered on the core of the Coma Cluster. This includes 516 galaxies and is at least 80% complete to H 16, with a spectroscopically complete sample of 111 cluster members (nearly all with morphological classification) for H < 14: 5. For each object we present total Kron (1980) magnitudes and aperture photometry. As an example, we use these data to derive color-magnitude relations for Coma early-type galaxies, measure the intrinsic scatter of these relations and its dependence on galaxy mass, and address the issue of color gradients. We find that the color gradients are mild and that the intrinsic scatter about the color-magnitude relation is small (similar to 0.05 mag in U - V and less than similar to 0.03 in B - R, V - I, or J - K). There is no evidence that the intrinsic scatter varies with galaxy luminosity, suggesting that the cluster red sequence is established at early epochs over a range of similar to 100 in stellar mass. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kingbright Elect, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Eisenhardt, PR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2007 VL 169 IS 2 BP 225 EP 238 DI 10.1086/511688 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BB UT WOS:000245405600003 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, ME Kaspi, VM Camilo, F Gaensler, BM Pivovaroff, MJ AF Gonzalez, M. E. Kaspi, V. M. Camilo, F. Gaensler, B. M. Pivovaroff, M. J. TI PSR J1119-6127 and the X-ray emission from high magnetic field radio pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G292.2-0.5); pulsars : individual (PSR J1119-6127); X-rays : ISM ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT G292.2-0.5; NEUTRON-STARS; J1119-6127; YOUNG; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOVERY AB The existence of radio pulsars having inferred magnetic fields in the magnetar regime suggests that possible transition objects could be found in the radio pulsar population. The discovery of such an object would contribute greatly to our understanding of neutron star physics. Here we report on unusual X-ray emission detected from the radio pulsar PSR J1119-6127 using XMM-Newton. The pulsar has a characteristic age of 1,700 yrs and inferred surface dipole magnetic field strength of 4.1x10(13) G. In the 0.5-2.0 keV range, the emission shows a single, narrow pulse with an unusually high pulsed fraction of similar to 70%. No pulsations are detected in the 2.0-10.0 keV range, where we derive an upper limit at the 99% level for the pulsed fraction of 28%. The pulsed emission is well described by a thermal blackbody model with a high temperature of similar to 2.4x10(6) K. While no unambiguous signature of magnetar-like emission has been found in high-magnetic-field radio pulsars, the X-ray characteristics of PSR J1119-6127 require alternate models from those of conventional thermal emission from neutron stars. In addition, PSR J1119-6127 is now the radio pulsar with the smallest characteristic age from which thermal X-ray emission has been detected. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gonzalez, ME (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Rutherford Phys Bldg, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM gonzalez@physics.mcgill.ca RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014; OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9305-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 166BC UT WOS:000246351000012 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Vestrand, WT Kennea, JA Zane, S Cropper, M Cordova, FA AF McGowan, Katherine E. Vestrand, W. Thomas Kennea, Jamie A. Zane, Silvia Cropper, Mark Cordova, France A. TI X-ray observations of PSR B0355+54 and its pulsar wind nebula SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pulsars; individual (PSR B0355+54); X-rays ID EMISSION; STARS AB We present X-ray data of the middle-aged radio pulsar PSR B0355+54. The XMM-Newton and Chandra observations show not only emission from the pulsar itself, but also compact diffuse emission extending similar to 50" in the opposite direction to the pulsar's proper motion. Our analysis also indicates the presence of fainter diffuse emission extending similar to 50" from the point source. The morphology of the diffuse component is similar to the ram-pressure confined pulsar wind nebulae detected for other sources. We find that the compact diffuse component is well-fitted with a power-law, with an index that is consistent with the values found for other pulsar wind nebulae. The core emission from the pulsar can be characterized with a thermal plus power-law fit, with the thermal emission most likely originating in a hot polar cap. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Chancellors Off, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM kem@astro.soton.ac.uk RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9319-9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 166BC UT WOS:000246351000039 ER PT J AU Pan, L Chai, TF Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Streets, D Woo, JH Friedli, HR Radke, LF AF Pan, Li Chai, Tianfeng Carmichael, Gregory R. Tang, Youhua Streets, David Woo, Jung-Hun Friedli, Hans R. Radke, Lawrence F. TI Top-down estimate of mercury emissions in China using four-dimensional variational data assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; inventory evaluation; China; data assimilation; 4D-Var ID CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; BOX MODEL; ADJOINT; AREA AB An inverse modeling method using the four-dimensional variational data assimilation approach is developed to provide a top-down estimate of mercury emission inventory in China. The mercury observations on board the C130 aircraft during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) campaign in April 2001 are assimilated into a regional chemical transport model, STEM. Using a 340 Mg of elemental mercury emitted in 1999, the assimilation results in an increase in Hg-0 emissions for China to 1140 Mg in 2001. This is an upper limit amount of the elemental mercury required in China. The average emission-scaling factor is similar to 3.4 in China. The spatial changes in the mercury emissions after the assimilation are also evaluated. The largest changes are estimated on the China north-east coastal areas and the areas of north-center China. The influences of the observation and inventory uncertainties and the initial and boundary conditions on the emission estimates are discussed. Increasing the boundary conditions of Hg from 1.2 to 1.5ngm(-3), results in a top-down estimate of Hg-0 emissions for China of 718 Mg, and leads the average scaling factor from 3.4 to 2.1. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NESCAUM, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pan, L (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM lpan@cgrer.uiowa.edu RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2804 EP 2819 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.048 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165RQ UT WOS:000246323600011 ER PT J AU Martin, S Zhang, ZD Martino, A Faulon, JL AF Martin, Shawn Zhang, Zhaoduo Martino, Anthony Faulon, Jean-Loup TI Boolean dynamics of genetic regulatory networks inferred from microarray time series data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN NETWORKS; EXPRESSION; SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS; DIFFERENTIATION; DISCOVERY; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS; SIGNALS AB Motivation: Methods available for the inference of genetic regulatory networks strive to produce a single network, usually by optimizing some quantity to fit the experimental observations. In this article we investigate the possibility that multiple networks can be inferred, all resulting in similar dynamics. This idea is motivated by theoretical work which suggests that biological networks are robust and adaptable to change, and that the overall behavior of a genetic regulatory network might be captured in terms of dynamical basins of attraction. Results: We have developed and implemented a method for inferring genetic regulatory networks for time series microarray data. Our method first clusters and discretizes the gene expression data using k-means and support vector regression. We then enumerate Boolean activation-inhibition networks to match the discretized data. Finally, the dynamics of the Boolean networks are examined. We have tested our method on two immunology microarray datasets: an IL-2-stimulated T cell response dataset and a LPS-stimulated macrophage response dataset. In both cases, we discovered that many networks matched the data, and that most of these networks had similar dynamics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biosci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biosci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jfaulon@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 7 BP 866 EP 874 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm021 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 162WO UT WOS:000246120400012 PM 17267426 ER PT J AU Shah, AR Singhal, M Klicker, KR Stephan, EG Wiley, HS Waters, KM AF Shah, Anuj R. Singhal, Mudita Klicker, Kyle R. Stephan, Eric G. Wiley, H. Steven Waters, Katrina M. TI Enabling high-throughput data management for systems biology: The bioinformatics resource manager SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PLATFORM; INTEGRATION; SOFTWARE AB The Bioinformatics Resource Manager (BRM) is a software environment that provides the user with data management, retrieval and integration capabilities. Designed in collaboration with biologists, BRM simplifies mundane analysis tasks of merging microarray and proteomic data across platforms, facilitates integration of users' data with functional annotation and interaction data from public sources and provides connectivity to visual analytic tools through reformatting of the data for easy import or dynamic launching capability. BRM is developed using Java (TM) and other open-source technologies for free distribution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biomol Syst Initiat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shah, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biomol Syst Initiat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anuj.shah@pnl.gov; brm@pnl.gov OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 7 BP 906 EP 909 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm031 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 162WO UT WOS:000246120400020 PM 17324940 ER PT J AU Nair, S Kim, J Crawford, B Kim, SH AF Nair, Sujith Kim, Jungbae Crawford, Brad Kim, Seong H. TI Improving biocatalytic activity of enzyme-loaded nanofibers by dispersing entangled nanofiber structure SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-RUGOSA LIPASE; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB A simple and efficient way of dispersing hydrophobic nanofibers in aqueous solution was devised, and its utility in production and application of enzyme-loaded nanofibers was demonstrated. Polystyrene-based nanofibers were produced via an electro-spinning process. A small amount of maleic anhydride group in the polystyrene fiber was used for covalent attachment of lipase onto the fiber surface. The pristine polystyrene nanofibers are hydrophobic and aggregate in water, forming a tightly collapsed clump. These nanofibers can be dispersed in a surfactant-free aqueous solution via a simple alcohol pretreatment. The tightly aggregated electro-spun polystyrene nanofibers can be dispersed into a loosely entangled structure in aqueous alcohol solution. Once treated with aqueous alcohol solution, the polystyrene nanofibers remain dispersed even in DI water as long as the nanofibers are not dried during the washing step. The dispersion of polystyrene nanofibers increases the enzyme loading up to similar to 8 times and augments the steady-state conversion of a continuous flow reactor filled with enzyme-loaded nanofibers. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM shkim@engr.psu.edu NR 19 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD APR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1270 DI 10.1021/bm061004k PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 154LY UT WOS:000245510100028 PM 17305393 ER PT J AU Hoskinson, RL Rope, RC Fink, RK AF Hoskinson, Reed L. Rope, Ronald C. Fink, Raymond K. TI Using a decision support system to optimize production of agricultural crop residue Biofeedstock SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE fertilization; variable rate; feedstock; crop residue; decision support ID FEEDSTOCK; COST AB For several years the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing a Decision Support System for Agriculture (DSS4Ag) which determines the economically optimum recipe of various fertilizers to apply at each site in a field to produce a crop, based on the existing soil fertility at each site, as well as historic production information and current prices of fertilizers and the forecast market price of the crop at harvest. In support of the growing interest in agricultural crop residues as a bioenergy feedstock, we have extended the capability of the DSS4Ag to develop a variable-rate fertilizer recipe for the simultaneous economically optimum production of both grain and straw. In this paper we report the results of 2 yr of field research testing and enhancing the DSS4Ag's ability to economically optimize the fertilization for the simultaneous production of both grain and its straw, where the straw is an agricultural crop residue that can be used as a biofeedstock. For both years, the DSS4Ag reduced the cost and amount of fertilizers used and increased grower profit, while reducing the biomass produced. The DSS4Ag results show that when a biorefinery infrastructure is in place and growers have a strong market for their straw it is not economically advantageous to increase fertilization in order to try to produce more straw. This suggests that other solutions, such as single-pass selective harvest, must be implemented to meet national goals for the amount of biomass that will be available for collection and use for bioenergy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hoskinson, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rhoskinson@cableone.net; Ronald.Rope@inl.gov; Raymond.Fink@inl.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.09.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 151NR UT WOS:000245297900002 ER PT J AU Barua, D Faeder, JR Haugh, JM AF Barua, Dipak Faeder, James R. Haugh, Jason M. TI Structure-based kinetic models of modular signaling protein function: Focus on Shp2 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE SHP-2; SH2-CONTAINING PHOSPHOTYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; FACTOR RECEPTOR-BETA; TANDEM SH2 DOMAINS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; PTPN11 MUTATIONS; NOONAN-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATION AB We present here a computational, rule-based model to study the function of the SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2, in intracellular signal transduction. The two SH2 domains of Shp2 differentially regulate the enzymatic activity by a well-characterized mechanism, but they also affect the targeting of Shp2 to signaling receptors in cells. Our kinetic model integrates these potentially competing effects by considering the intra-and intermolecular interactions of the Shp2 SH2 domains and catalytic site as well as the effect of Shp2 phosphorylation. Even for the isolated Shp2/receptor system, which may seem simple by certain standards, we find that the network of possible binding and phosphorylation states is composed of over 1000 members. To our knowledge, this is the first kinetic model to fully consider the modular, multifunctional structure of a signaling protein, and the computational approach should be generally applicable to other complex intermolecular interactions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haugh, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jason_haugh@ncsu.edu OI Haugh, Jason/0000-0002-2476-4027 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM067739, R01 GM067739-04, R37GM35556, GM067739, R37 GM035556] NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2290 EP 2300 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.093484 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 145TL UT WOS:000244887400007 PM 17208977 ER PT J AU Faraudo, J Travesset, A AF Faraudo, Jordi Travesset, Alex TI Phosphatidic acid domains in membranes: Effect of divalent counterions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES; CHARGED INTERFACES; LIPID-BILAYERS; CA2+ BINDING; WATER; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; ELECTROSTATICS AB Phosphatidic acid (PA) is emerging as a key phospholipid in a wide range of biological processes such as signal transduction, secretion, or membrane fusion. In most cases, the biological functionality of PA is associated with the presence of micromolar to millimolar calcium concentrations. It has been argued that PA can create defects in the packing of lipids in membranes due to lateral phase separation by divalent ions, which in turn aggregate proteins with high affinity for PA. In this article, we present a detailed investigation of the properties of PA domains in the presence of divalent ions by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical methods. Our results show that PA is extremely effective in binding divalent ions through its oxygen atoms, with a broad distribution of binding constants and exhibiting the phenomenon of charge inversion (a total number of bound counterion charges that exceeds the negative PA charge). We predict that a PA-rich domain undergoes a drastic reorganization when divalent cations reach micromolar concentrations (i.e., typical physiological conditions), as PA lipids become doubly charged by releasing their protons. We also present a detailed investigation of the properties of interfacial water, which determine the binding of proteins or other molecules. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results in the context of recent experimental studies in model systems and in real cells. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. RP Faraudo, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain. EM jordi.faraudo@uab.es RI FARAUDO, JORDI/F-4921-2012 OI FARAUDO, JORDI/0000-0002-6315-4993 NR 49 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 17 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8 BP 2806 EP 2818 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.092015 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 149RJ UT WOS:000245164000019 PM 17259283 ER PT J AU Wang, WC Yang, L Huang, HW AF Wang, Wangchen Yang, Lin Huang, Huey W. TI Evidence of cholesterol accumulated in high curvature regions: Implication to the curvature elastic energy for lipid mixtures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUSION INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURE; RAY ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; MEMBRANE-FUSION; HEXAGONAL PHASE; STALK MODEL; BILAYERS; HEMIFUSION; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; WATER AB Recent experiments suggested that cholesterol and other lipid components of high negative spontaneous curvature facilitate membrane fusion. This is taken as evidence supporting the stalk-pore model of membrane fusion in which the lipid bilayers go through intermediate structures of high curvature. How do the high-curvature lipid components lower the free energy of the curved structure? Do the high-curvature lipid components modify the average spontaneous curvature of the relevant monolayer, thereby facilitate its bending, or do the lipid components redistribute in the curved structure so as to lower the free energy? This question is fundamental to the curvature elastic energy for lipid mixtures. Here we investigate the lipid distribution in a monolayer of a binary lipid mixture before and after bending, or more precisely in the lamellar, hexagonal, and distorted hexagonal phases. The lipid mixture is composed of 2:1 ratio of brominated di18:0PC and cholesterol. Using a newly developed procedure for the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method, we are able to isolate the bromine distribution and reconstruct the electron density distribution of the lipid mixture in the three phases. We found that the lipid distribution is homogenous and uniform in the lamellar and hexagonal phases. But in the distorted hexagonal phase, the lipid monolayer has nonuniform curvature, and cholesterol almost entirely concentrates in the high curvature region. This finding demonstrates that the association energies between lipid molecules vary with the curvature of membrane. Thus, lipid components in a mixture may redistribute under conditions of nonuniform curvature, such as in the stalk structure. In such cases, the spontaneous curvature depends on the local lipid composition and the free energy minimum is determined by lipid distribution as well as curvature. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, HW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM hwhuang@rice.edu RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55203, R01 GM055203] NR 55 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8 BP 2819 EP 2830 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.097923 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 149RJ UT WOS:000245164000020 PM 17259270 ER PT J AU Lin, WC Blanchette, CD Longo, ML AF Lin, Wan-Chen Blanchette, Craig D. Longo, Marjorie L. TI Fluid-phase chain unsaturation controlling domain microstructure and phase in ternary lipid bilayers containing GalCer and cholesterol SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KILLER T-CELLS; MEMBRANE DOMAINS; LINE TENSION; X-RAY; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; ETHANOL AB We report the microstructure and phase behavior of three ternary mixtures each containing a long-chain saturated glycosphingolipid, galactosylceramide (GalCer), and cholesterol at room temperature. The unsaturation level of the fluidphase component was varied by lipid choice, i.e., saturated 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), singly unsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), or doubly unsaturated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). GalCer was used because of its biological significance, for example, as a ligand in the sexual transmission of HIV and stimulator of natural killer T-cells. Supported lipid bilayers of the ternary mixtures were imaged by atomic force microscopy and GalCer-rich domains were characterized by area/perimeter ratios (A/P). GalCer domain phase transitions from solid ( S) to liquid (L) phase were verified by domain behavior in giant unilamellar vesicles, which displayed two-dimensional microstructure similar to that of supported lipid bilayers. As cholesterol concentration was increased, we observed similar to 2.5, similar to 10, and similar to 20-fold decreases in GalCer domain A/P for bilayers in L-S phase coexistence containing DOPC, POPC, and DLPC, respectively. The transition to L-L phase coexistence occurred at similar to 10 mol % cholesterol for bilayers containing DOPC or POPC and was accompanied by maintenance of a constant A/P. L-L phase coexistence did not occur for bilayers containing DLPC. We systematically relate our results to the impact of chain unsaturation on the interaction of the fluid-phase lipid and cholesterol. Physiologically, these observations may give insight into the interplay of fatty acid chain unsaturation, sterol concentration, and lipid hydrophobic mismatch in membrane phenomena. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biophys & Interfacial Sci Grp, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Longo, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mllongo@ucdavis.edu RI Lin, Wan-Chen/A-4348-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008799, T32-GM08799] NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8 BP 2831 EP 2841 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.095422 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 149RJ UT WOS:000245164000021 PM 17237202 ER PT J AU Prenni, AJ Harrington, JY Tjernstrom, M DeMott, PJ Avramov, A Long, CN Kreidenweis, SM Olsson, PQ Verlinde, J AF Prenni, Anthony J. Harrington, Jerry Y. Tjernstrom, Michael DeMott, Paul J. Avramov, Alexander Long, Charles N. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Olsson, Peter Q. Verlinde, Johannes TI Can ice-nucleating aerosols affect arctic seasonal climate? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; NUCLEI; MODELS; SHEBA AB Mixed-phase stratus clouds are ubiquitous in the Arctic and play an important role in climate in this region. However, climate and regional models have generally proven unsuccessful at simulating Arctic cloudiness, particularly during the colder months. Specifically, models tend to underpredict the amount of liquid water in mixed-phase clouds. The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiments (M-PACE), conducted from late September through October 2004 in the vicinity of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska field site, focused on characterizing low-level Arctic stratus clouds. Ice nuclei (IN) measurements were made using a continuous-flow ice thermal diffusion chamber aboard the University of North Dakota's Citation 11 aircraft. These measurements indicated IN concentrations that were Significantly lower than those used in many models. Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), we show that these low IN concentrations, as well as inadequate parameterizations of the depletion of IN through nucleation scavenging, may be partially responsible for the poor model predictions. Moreover, we show that this can lead to errors in the modeled surface radiative energy budget of 10-100 W m(-2). Finally, using the measured IN concentrations as input to RAMS and comparing to a mixed-phase cloud observed during M-PACE, we show excellent agreement between modeled and observed liquid water content and net infrared surface flux. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Expt Forecast Facil, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Prenni, AJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Campus Delivery 1371, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM prenni@lamar.colostate.edu RI Prenni, Anthony/A-6820-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 NR 48 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 541 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-4-541 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163BP UT WOS:000246133800016 ER PT J AU Evers, LG Ceranna, L Haak, HW Le Pichon, A Whitaker, RW AF Evers, Laslo G. Ceranna, Lars Haak, Hein W. Le Pichon, Alexis Whitaker, Rod W. TI A seismoacoustic analysis of the gas-pipeline explosion near Ghislenghien in Belgium SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INFRASONIC WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; LOCATION; METEOR AB A high-pressure gas pipeline exploded near Ghislenghien in Belgium, on 30 July 2004. Seismic energy of this event was recorded at three nearby seismometers. The origin time of the explosion was determined by analyzing the Rayleigh waves and found to be 06h55m27 +/- 2sec coordinated universal time (UTC). Ground truth of the explosion was invoked to assess the accuracy of the location derived from infrasound data recorded over Western Europe. Different infrasonic phases were identified by using array-processing techniques and raytracing through atmospheric models. The analysis showed that the derived location was situated 13 km from the true location. The total area of the uncertainty ellipse, or area to be searched if the source was of unknown origin, was 690 km(2). After the origin time and location, the yield was calculated by comparing infrasonic stratospheric amplitudes with those from a high-explosives dataset and was estimated at 40.9 tons highexplosives equivalent. In summary, this study illustrates the capability of seismic and infrasound data in forensic investigations. Furthermore, the potential of infrasound as a monitoring or verification technique is addressed. C1 Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Evers, LG (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM evers@knmi.nl; ceranna@sdac.hannover.bgr.de; haak@knmi.nl; alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr; rww@lanl.gov RI Evers, Laslo/E-5707-2011 OI Evers, Laslo/0000-0003-2825-6211 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1785/0120060061 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 154EV UT WOS:000245490500005 ER PT J AU Glaudas, X Winne, CT AF Glaudas, Xavier Winne, Christopher T. TI Do warning displays predict striking behavior in a viperid snake, the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; RATTLESNAKES; PREDATOR; PREY; HABITUATION AB Warning displays are defined as signals designed to intimidate predators or indicate a proclivity to fight. However, support for the idea that warning behaviors signal an intent to fight is largely based on anecdotes and isolated observations, and a complete understanding of antipredator behavior will only be achieved if specific hypotheses are experimentally tested. Herein, we tested in a North American viperid snake, the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacepede, 1789)), the hypothesis that warning displays serve as a reliable signal to potential predators that a snake will strike. The cottonmouth exhibits two stereotypical warning displays during predator confrontation, i.e., mouth gaping and tail vibrations, making it an ideal study organism to experimentally test the relationship between warning displays and defensive striking. To test this idea, we recorded the sequence of defensive behavior - gaping, tail vibrating, and striking of cottonmouths towards a standardized predatory stimulus in the laboratory. As predicted, snakes that gaped during the trials were subsequently more likely to strike than snakes that did not. In contrast, striking behavior was independent of the occurrence of tail vibrations. Our results suggest that gaping behavior - but not tail-vibrating behavior - may provide an honest signal to would-be predators. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Glaudas, X (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM glaudasx@univ.nevada.edu OI Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1139/Z07-025 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 183WE UT WOS:000247602300014 ER PT J AU Nanjundan, M Nakayama, Y Cheng, KW Lahad, J Liu, J Lu, K Kuo, WL Smith-McCune, K Fishman, D Gray, JW Mills, GB AF Nanjundan, Meera Nakayama, Yasuhisa Cheng, Kwai Wa Lahad, John Liu, Jinsong Lu, Karen Kuo, Wen-Lin Smith-McCune, Karen Fishman, David Gray, Joe W. Mills, Gordon B. TI Amplification of MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, located in the 3q26.2 amplicon, is associated with favorable patient prognosis in ovarian cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PROBABLE TARGET; TUMOR-FORMATION; BREAST-CANCER; PIK3CA GENE; PKC-IOTA AB Increased copy number involving chromosome 3q26 is a frequent and early event in cancers of the ovary, lung, head and neck, cervix, and BRCA1 positive and basal breast cancers. The p110 alpha catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3KCA) and protein kinase Cl (PKCl) have previously been shown as functionally deregulated by 3q copy number increase. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 235 high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers using contiguous bacterial artificial chromosomes across 3q26 delineated an similar to 2 Mb-wide region at 3q26.2 encompassing PDCD10 to MYNN (chr3:168722613-170908630). Ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) and myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDSI) are located at the center of this region, and their DNA copy number increases are associated with at least 5-fold increased RNA transcript levels in 83% and 98% of advanced ovarian cancers, respectively. Moreover, MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1 protein levels are increased in ovarian cancers and cancer cell lines. EVI1 and MDS1/EVI1 gene products increased cell proliferation, migration, and decreased transforming growth factor-beta-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter activity in ovarian epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the increases in EVI1 DNA copy number and MDS1/EVI1 transcripts are associated with improved patient outcomes, whereas EVI1 transcript levels are associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, the favorable patient prognosis associated with increased DNA copy number seems to be as a result of high-level expression of the fusion transcript MDS1/EVI1. Collectively, these studies suggest that MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, previously implicated in acute myelogenous leukemia, contribute to the pathophysiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Therapeut, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Nanjundan, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Therapeut, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 0950, Houston, TX 77054 USA. EM mnanjund@mdanderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA16672, P50 CA083639, P01 CA64602] NR 46 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7 BP 3074 EP 3084 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2366 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 156BM UT WOS:000245622900024 PM 17409414 ER PT J AU Wasel, W Kuwana, K Reilly, PTA Saito, K AF Wasel, Wahed Kuwana, Kazunori Reilly, Peter T. A. Saito, Kozo TI Experimental characterization of the role of hydrogen in CVD synthesis of MWCNTs SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT FORMATION; COPPER-NICKEL; DEPOSITION; REACTOR; GROWTH AB An experimental study was conducted to examine the role of hydrogen in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a flow tube reactor using xylene as a carbon source and ferrocene as a catalyst. Ferrocene was introduced into the reactor by two methods. In a single step method, the catalyst was dissolved in xylene and the mixture was introduced using a syringe pump. A two step method was also used where the ferrocene powder was placed in the preheated zone for a certain time to deposit iron catalyst particles on the reactor wall prior to introducing the pure xylene into the reactor. CVD synthesis of carbon products was performed as a function of hydrogen input under constant flow conditions using both methods. SEM and TEM images of the carbon products were examined. The results revealed a competition between the formations of the different carbon products (soot, carbon fibers and CNTs) that altered by the addition of hydrogen. The role of hydrogen is suggested to reduce the rate of carbon production by dehydrogenation so that the more ordered and thermodynamically stable MWCNTs can be produced rather than less ordered and thermodynamically stable soot and carbon fibers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Engn Mech, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saito, K (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Engn Mech, 151 RGAN Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM saito@engr.uky.edu RI Kuwana, Kazunori/F-7428-2011 NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.11.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 151SC UT WOS:000245310100019 ER PT J AU Rasheed, A Howe, JY Dadmun, MD Britt, PF AF Rasheed, Asif Howe, Jane Y. Dadmun, Mark D. Britt, Phillip F. TI The efficiency of the oxidation of carbon nanofibers with various oxidizing agents SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; SURFACE; FIBERS; GROWTH; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SOLUBILIZATION; PURIFICATION AB The oxidation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with various oxidizing agents; 6 M HNO3, KMnO4, RuO4, and a mixture of concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 is studied to determine the reaction conditions that optimizes yield and chemical functionalization. The oxidized nanofibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the defects caused by oxidation. The amount of acidic sites generated during oxidative treatment was quaritified by reacting them with amine terminated octadecane and the subsequent quantification of the products of this grafting process by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 mixture created the maximum number of carboxylic acid groups and the highest amount of defect sites, but had very low yield (similar to 12%). Six molar of HNO3 generated fewer defect sites and a lower number of -COOH groups, but did exhibit a 70% yield. RuO4 and KMnO4 resulted in similar amounts of overall defect sites, however the yield and amount of -COOH groups for KMnO4 treated CNF were significantly lower than the RuO4 treatment. Overall, oxidation of these CNF with RuO4 provides the best balance of yield and carboxylation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Dad@utk.edu RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 52 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1072 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.12.010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 169RK UT WOS:000246609200024 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JL Rathke, JW Klingler, RJ Marshall, CL AF Rodgers, Jody L. Rathke, Jerome W. Klingler, Robert J. Marshall, Christopher L. TI Hydrolysis of silicon-hydride bonds catalyzed by ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic; cobalt nanoparticles; catalysis; hydrosilanes; polysiloxane ID PAUSON-KHAND REACTION; HYDROGENATION AB Ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles with average diameter of 9.5 nm, used for the purpose of magnetic catalyst recovery, were shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of silicon-hydride bonds for a range of hydrosilanes. The highest turnover frequencies (220-311 moles silane/moles Co/h) were observed for the dialkylsilanes (R2SiH2), which were hydrolyzed to give the corresponding dialkylsilanediols. The monoalkylsilanes (RSiH3) reacted more slowly (2-20 moles silane/moles Co/h) and gave an oligomeric product. Trialkylsilanes (R3SiH) required elevated temperatures in order to observe trace activity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rathke, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rathke@cmt.anl.gov RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD APR PY 2007 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10562-007-9055-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 157FG UT WOS:000245703400005 ER PT J AU Murphy, AR Frechet, JMJ AF Murphy, Amanda R. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Organic semiconducting oligomers for use in thin film transistors SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-ELECTRON-MOBILITY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEMICONDUCTORS; STAR-SHAPED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; CYANO-SUBSTITUTED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; CHARGE-CARRIER TRANSPORT; RUBRENE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PI-CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS; N-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS; THIOPHENE OLIGOMERS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 727 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 287 TC 1227 Z9 1236 U1 42 U2 391 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1096 DI 10.1021/cr0501386 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 155TB UT WOS:000245600000005 PM 17428023 ER PT J AU Menard, E Meitl, MA Sun, YG Park, JU Shir, DJL Nam, YS Jeon, S Rogers, JA AF Menard, Etienne Meitl, Matthew A. Sun, Yugang Park, Jang-Ung Shir, Daniel Jay-Lee Nam, Yun-Suk Jeon, Seokwoo Rogers, John A. TI Micro- and nanopatterning techniques for organic electronic and optoelectronic systems SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; TEMPERATURE NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; POLYMER-BONDING LITHOGRAPHY; SHOOTING MICROINJECTOR FREE C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, F Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Park, Jang-Ung/E-9224-2010; JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; 李, 府中/H-4357-2011; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Park, Jang-Ung/0000-0003-1522-4958; Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; NR 376 TC 423 Z9 434 U1 24 U2 219 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1160 DI 10.1021/cr050139y PG 44 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 155TB UT WOS:000245600000007 PM 17428024 ER PT J AU Cea, M Seaman, JC Jara, AA Fuentes, B Mora, ML Diez, MC AF Cea, Mara Seaman, J. C. Jara, Alejandra A. Fuentes, Barbara Mora, M. L. Diez, M. C. TI Adsorption behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol in an allophanic soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE variable-charge soil; allophane; andisol; adsorption; hydrophobic partitioning; 2,4-dichlorophenol; pentachlorophenol ID VARIABLE-CHARGE SOILS; SORPTION; DESORPTION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; COLOR; 2,4-D AB The adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by a variable-charge soil from southern Chile was studied in a series of batch equilibration experiments. 2,4-DCP and PCP adsorption behavior was evaluated as a function of pH (pH values of 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5) in a 0.1 M KCl (25 degrees C) background solution for soil material collected at three different depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm). 2,4-DCP and PCP adsorption decreased with increasing soil pH, suggesting that the undissociated species were adsorbed more readily and that electrostatic repulsion may inhibit partitioning as pH increases. The PCP adsorption was greater than observed for 2,4-DCP and decreased with soil depth. Multiple regression analysis between K-d and various soil properties indicated that the soil organic carbon content is a strong indicator of chlorophenol adsorption, and in addition to organic carbon, the soil pH is an important property controlling adsorption behavior. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ La Frontera, Dept Chem Engn, Temuco, Chile. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ La Frontera, Dept Chem Sci, Temuco, Chile. Univ La Frontera, Doctorado Ciencias Recursos Nat, Temuco, Chile. RP Cea, M (reprint author), Univ La Frontera, Dept Chem Engn, POB 54-D, Temuco, Chile. EM mcea@ufro.cl RI Cea, Mara/D-5002-2011 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1354 EP 1360 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.080 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154SX UT WOS:000245529100011 PM 17217987 ER PT J AU Xu, XH Chang, SG AF Xu, Xinhua Chang, Shih Ger TI Removing nitric oxide from flue gas using iron(II) citrate chelate absorption with microbial regeneration SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; Fe(II)Cit; microbial regeneration ID FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIA; SP-NOV; REDUCTION; DENITRIFICATION; SUBSURFACE; FE(III) AB The addition of metal chelates such as Fe(II)EDTA or Fe(II)Cit to wet flue gas desulfurization systems has been shown to increase the amount of NOx absorption from gas streams containing SO2. This paper attempts to demonstrate the advantage of not only using Fe(II)Cit chelate to absorb nitrogen oxides from flue gas but also the advantage gained from adding microorganisms to the system. Two distinct classes of microorganisms are needed: denitrifying and iron-reducing bacteria. The presence of oxygen in flue gas will affect the absorption efficiency of NO by Fe(II)Cit chelate. The oxidation of Fe(II) can be slowed with the help of bacteria in two ways: bacteria can serve to directly reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) or they can serve to keep levels of dissolved oxygen in the solution low. As a result, after NO absorption, Fe(II)(Cit)NO will be reduced by denitrifying bacteria to Fe(II)Cit while Fe(III) is reduced by anaerobic bacteria back to Fe(II). Our experiments have shown that the implementation of our protocol allowed for an NO reduction rate constant increase from standard levels of 0.0222-0.100 mM h(-1) with inlet NO changed from 250 to 1000 ppm. We have also found that total Fe concentration tends to decrease after prolonged periods of operation due to the loss of some Fe to the formation of Fe(OH)(3) that settles together with the sludge at the bottom of bioreactor tank. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, XH (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM xhxu@hzcnc.com NR 17 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1628 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157ER UT WOS:000245701900020 PM 17204301 ER PT J AU Streets, DG AF Streets, David G. TI Dissecting future aerosol emissions: Warming tendencies and mitigation opportunities SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; SOOT; ASIA; INVENTORY; GASES; CHINA AB Future global emissions of aerosols will play an important role in governing the nature and magnitude of future anthropogenic climate change. We present in this paper a number of future scenarios of emissions of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) by world region, which we combine with sulfate (SO4) assessed in terms of the emissions of its precursor, SO2. We find that aerosol emissions from the household and industrial sectors are likely to decline along almost all future pathways. Transportation emissions, however, are subject to complex interacting forces that can lead to either increases or decreases. Biomass burning declines in many scenarios, but the Amazon rainforests remain vulnerable if unsustainable economic growth persists. East Asia is the key region for primary aerosols, and trends in China will have a major bearing on the direction and magnitude of releases of BC (expected reductions in the range of 640-1290 Gg), OC (reductions of 520-1900 Gg), and SO2 (ranging from an increase of 21 Tg to a reduction of 30 Tg). Analysis of joint BC, OC, and SO2 emission changes identifies a number of key world regions and economic sectors that could be effectively targeted for aerosol reductions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9112-8 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 142YJ UT WOS:000244686900005 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Michael, JV Harding, LB Klippenstein, SJ AF Srinivasan, N. K. Michael, J. V. Harding, L. B. Klippenstein, S. J. TI Experimental and theoretical rate constants for CH4+O-2 -> CH3+HO2 SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE rate constants; shock tube; bimolecular reaction; reaction rate theory ID EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TEMPERATURE RATE CONSTANTS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; REFLECTED SHOCK-WAVES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MULTIPASS ABSORPTION; METHYL RADICALS; TUBE TECHNIQUE; DISSOCIATION AB In this study, rate constants for the primary initiation process in low to moderate temperature CH4 oxidation CH4 + O-2 -> CH3 + HO2 have been measured in a reflected shock tube apparatus between 1655 and 1822 K using multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH radicals at 308 nm. After rapid dissociation of HO2 yielding H atoms, which are instantaneously converted to OH by H + O-2 -> OH + O, the temporal concentration of OH radicals was observed as the final product from the rate-controlling title reaction. The present work utilizes 18 optical passes corresponding to a total path length of 1.6 m. This configuration gives a signal to noise ratio of unity at similar to 3 x 10(12) radicals cm(-3). Hence, kinetics experiments could be performed at conditions of low [CH4](0) (60-70 ppm), thereby substantially reducing secondary chemistry. Possible implications of CH4 dissociation contributing to the OH formation rates were considered. The present experimental results agree with a priori variational transition state theoretical (VTST) calculations, k(th) = 3.37 x 10(-19)T(2.745) exp(-26,041 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), clearly showing overlap of experiment and theory, within experimental error. The new rate constant values obtained in this study are 8-10 times higher than the values used in the popular mechanisms GRI-Mech 3.0 and Leeds Methane Mechanism, version 1.5. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010; OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2007 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.12.010 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 156OV UT WOS:000245659700009 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC Smith, PJ Chen, JH AF Sutherland, James C. Smith, Philip J. Chen, Jacqueline H. TI A quantitative method for a priori evaluation of combustion reaction models SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE combustion modelling; direct numerical simulation; manifold; progress variable ID PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN-OXYGEN KINETICS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLAMES; FLOWS AB In recent years, direct numerical simulations have been used increasingly to evaluate the validity and performance of combustion reaction models. This study presents a new, quantitative method to determine the ideal model performance attainable by a given parameterization of the state variables. Data from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of unsteady CO/H-2-air jet flames is analysed to determine how well various parameterizations represent the data, and how well specific models based on those parameterizations perform. Results show that the equilibrium model performs poorly relative to an ideal model parameterized by the mixture fraction. The steady laminar flamelet model performs quite well relative to an ideal model parameterized by mixture fraction and dissipation rate in some cases. However, at low dissipation rates or at dissipation rates exceeding the steady extinction limit, the steady flamelet model performs poorly. Interestingly, even in many cases where the steady flamelet model fails (particularly at low dissipation rate), the DNS data suggests that the state may be parameterized well by the mixture fraction and dissipation rate. A progress variable based on the CO2 mass fraction is proposed, together with a new model based on the CO2 progress variable. This model performs nearly ideally, and demonstrates the ability to capture extinction with remarkable accuracy for the CO/H-2 flames considered. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84098 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sutherland, JC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84098 USA. EM James.Sutherland@utah.edu OI Sutherland, James/0000-0002-2955-3472 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD APR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.1080/13647830600936969 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 133GP UT WOS:000244001700006 ER PT J AU DuRant, SE Hopkins, WA Talent, LG AF DuRant, Sarah E. Hopkins, William A. Talent, Larry G. TI Energy acquisition and allocation in an ectothermic predator exposed to a common environmental stressor SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energetics; metabolism; reptile; carbaryl; cholinesterase ID CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING PESTICIDE; LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE; COAL COMBUSTION WASTES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA STRAUS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; GENERAL RESPONSES; CLONAL VARIATION; SOCIAL STRESS AB Stressors are commonly encountered by organisms and often prove to be energetically costly. Certain stressors can simultaneously affect multiple components of an animal's energy budget and can either exacerbate energetic costs to the individual or offset one another. Here we used a commonly encountered stressor, the pesticide carbaryl, to examine the complex effects that acute environmental disturbances can have on energy expenditure, allocation, and acquisition, important processes that influence growth and reproduction. After exposing lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) to carbaryl, we measured their metabolism over a 48 h period and assessed their food consumption over 96 h. We found no difference in total energy expenditure among treatment groups, but lizards exposed to the highest dose of carbaryl allocated energy differently than other groups. Compared to controls, these lizards exhibited a 16-30% increase in standard metabolic rate (SMR), which was offset by a 45-58% decrease in additional energy expenditures. Lizards in the highest dose group also exhibited a 30-34% decrease in energy acquisition compared to controls. The net result was a 1.83 kJ decrease in energy assimilation, equivalent to 5 times their daily SMR requirements. Our results indicate that energetic consequences of stressors may result in complex energetic trade-offs, and emphasize the need to simultaneously examine the effect of stressors on multiple portions of an animal's energy budget. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife Ecotoxicol & Physiol Ecol Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife Ecotoxicol & Physiol Ecol Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hopkinsw@vt.edu NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.01.014 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 160UM UT WOS:000245967800016 PM 17374566 ER PT J AU Macintosh, B Graham, J Palmer, D Doyon, R Gavel, D Larkin, J Oppenheimer, B Saddlemyer, L Wallace, JK Bauman, B Erikson, D Poyneer, L Sivaramakrishnan, A Soummer, R Veran, JP AF Macintosh, Bruce Graham, James Palmer, David Doyon, Rene Gavel, Don Larkin, James Oppenheimer, Ben Saddlemyer, Leslie Wallace, J. Kent Bauman, Brian Erikson, Darren Poyneer, Lisa Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Soummer, Remi Veran, Jean-Pierre TI Adaptive optics for direct detection of extrasolar planets: the Gemini Planet Imager SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article AB The direct detection of photons emitted or reflected by extrasolar planets, spatially resolved from their parent star, is a major frontier in the study of other solar systems. Direct detection will provide statistical information on planets in 5-50 AU orbits, inaccessible to current Doppler searches, and allow spectral characterization of radius, temperature, surface gravity, and perhaps composition. Achieving this will require new, dedicated, high-contrast instruments. One such system under construction is the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). This combines a high-order/high-speed adaptive optics system to control wavefront errors from the Earth's atmosphere, an advanced coronagraph to block diffraction, ultrasmooth optics, a precision infrared interferometer to measure and correct systematic errors, and a integral field spectrograph/polarimeter to image and characterize target planetary systems. We predict that GPI will be able to detect planets with brightness less than 10(-7) of their parent star, sufficient to observe warm self-luminous planets around a large population of targets. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NSF Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. Dominion Astrophys Observ, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Macintosh, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NSF Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM bmac@igpp.llnl.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.04.007 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 202JD UT WOS:000248896900011 ER PT J AU Shah, AR Oehmen, CS Harper, J Webb-Robertson, BJM AF Shah, Anuj R. Oehmen, Christopher S. Harper, Jill Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. TI Integrating subcellular location for improving machine learning models of remote homology detection in eukaryotic organisms SO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE remote homology detection; support vector machine; Kernel integration; subcellular localization ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE; PREDICTION; PROTEINS; FRAMEWORK; SEARCH; CLASSIFIERS; SIMILARITY; ALIGNMENT AB A significant challenge in homology detection is to identify sequences that share a common evolutionary ancestor, despite significant primary sequence divergence. Remote homologs will often have less than 30% sequence identity, yet still retain common structural and functional properties. We demonstrate a novel method for identifying remote homologs using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained by fusing sequence similarity scores and subcellular location prediction. SVMs have been shown to perform well in a variety of applications where binary classification of data is the goal. At the same time, data fusion methods have been shown to be highly effective in enhancing discriminative power of data. Combining these two approaches in the application SVM-SimLoc resulted in identification of significantly more remote homologs (p-value < 0.006) than using either sequence similarity or subcellular location independently. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shah, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anuj.shah@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-9271 J9 COMPUT BIOL CHEM JI Comput. Biol. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2007.02.012 PG 5 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA 168UG UT WOS:000246548900012 PM 17416337 ER PT J AU Zhou, XW Wadley, HNG AF Zhou, X. W. Wadley, H. N. G. TI A potential for simulating the atomic assembly of cubic elements SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulations; interatomic potential; vapor deposition; thin films ID DEPENDENT TUNNELING DEVICES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; JUNCTIONS; GAN; MAGNETORESISTANCE; DEFECTS; ENERGY AB Molecular dynamics simulations using Stillinger-Weber potentials have been widely used to study the growth of diamond-cubic materials since these potentials are easily parameterized to ensure that the diamond-cubic structure has the lowest cohesive energy. However, Stillinger-Weber potentials can only be used to model cubic crystals with the diamond-cubic structure. Here we generalize the Stillinger-Weber potential formulism and explore its application to other cubic crystal structures. Parameterization of this modified Stillinger-Weber potential is exemplified by developing potentials for four elements: Si (diamond-cubic), Ni (face-centered-cubic), Fe (body-centered-cubic), and Po (simple-cubic). The parameterized potentials predict well the cohesive energy and lattice constants of each element. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to test the ability of the potentials to simulate the crystalline assembly of these materials from their atomic vapor. Defects are found in the films grown under kinetically constrained conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, XW (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM xzhou@sandia.gov; xiaowang.zhou@gmail.com NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.07.009 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 157DC UT WOS:000245697800009 ER PT J AU Hasson, M Hyman, JM Restrepo, JM AF Hasson, Maurice Hyman, James M. Restrepo, Juan M. TI A strategy for detecting extreme eigenvalues bounding gaps in the discrete spectrum of self-adjoint operators SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE eigenvalues; spectral gaps; accelerated convergence; Hermitian matrix ID ITERATIVE METHODS; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB For a self-adjoint linear operator with a discrete spectrum or a Hermitian matrix, the "extreme" eigenvalues define the boundaries of clusters in the spectrum of real eigenvalues. The outer extreme ones are the largest and the smallest eigenvalues. If there are extended intervals in the spectrum in which no eigenvalues are present, the eigenvalues bounding these gaps are the inner extreme eigenvalues. We will describe a procedure for detecting the extreme eigenvalues that relies on the relationship between the acceleration rate of polynomial acceleration iteration and the norm of the matrix via the spectral theorem, applicable to normal matrices. The strategy makes use of the fast growth rate of Chebyshev polynomials to distinguish ranges in the spectrum of the matrix which are devoid of eigenvalues. The method is numerically stable with regard to the dimension of the matrix problem and is thus capable of handling matrices of large dimension. The overall computational cost is quadratic in the size of a dense matrix; linear in the size of a sparse matrix. We verify computationally that the algorithm is accurate and efficient, even on large matrices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T7 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T7 Grp, T-7,MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hasson@math.arizona.edu; jh@lanl.gov; restrepo@math.arizona.edu OI Restrepo, Juan/0000-0003-2609-2882 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1271 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.11.040 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 181GL UT WOS:000247425100009 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Li, N AF Zhang, J. Li, N. TI Modeling of flow-induced corrosion with nonuniform boundary conditions SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE analytical solution; boundary layer; flow-induced corrosion; mass transfer ID LIQUID LEAD; CHEMICAL-REACTION; MASS-TRANSFER; STEELS; DIFFUSION; LOOPS AB The flow-induced corrosion with nonuniform corrosion product concentration at the wall serving as boundary conditions in a slug flow, laminar flow, and turbulent flow was investigated. Analytical solutions were obtained. Dependence of the corrosion rate on the wall concentration distributions and the flow types were analyzed. One of the applications of the present study is to serve as a tool to predict the corrosion/precipitation in a nuclear reactor coolant system and to provide information on how to enhance the Lifetime. The solution is partly validated by comparing the theoretical results with experimental results from a liquid lead loop. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, MS-K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 152ZG UT WOS:000245400400004 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wu, G Culley, DE Scholten, JCM Zhang, W AF Nie, Lei Wu, Gang Culley, David E. Scholten, Johannes C. M. Zhang, Weiwen TI Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data: Challenges, solutions and applications SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE transcriptomics; proteomics; integration; statistical ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; MISSING VALUE ESTIMATION; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Recent advances in high-throughput technologies enable quantitative monitoring of the abundance of various biological molecules and allow determination of their variation between biological states on a genomic scale. Two popular platforms are DNA microarrays that measure messenger RNA transcript levels, and gel-free proteomic analyses that quantify protein abundance. Obviously, no single approach can fully unravel the complexities of fundamental biology and it is equally clear that integrative analysis of multiple levels of gene expression would be valuable in this endeavor. However, most integrative transcriptomic and proteomic studies have thus far either failed to find a correlation or only observed a weak correlation. In addition to various biological factors, it is suggested that the poor correlation could be quite possibly due to the inadequacy of available statistical tools to compensate for biases in the data collection methodologies. To address this issue, attempts have recently been made to systematically investigate the correlation patterns between transcriptomic and proteomic datasets, and to develop sophisticated statistical tools to improve the chances of captuning a relationship. The goal of these efforts is to enhance understanding of the relationship between transcriptomes and proteomes so that integrative analyses may be utilized to reveal new biological insights that are not accessible through one-dimensional datasets. In this review, we outline some of the challenges associated with integrative analyses and present some preliminary statistical solutions. In addition, some new applications of integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to the investigation of post-transcriptional regulation are also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Biomath, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Welwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 93 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0738-8551 J9 CRIT REV BIOTECHNOL JI Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1080/07388550701334212 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 185RV UT WOS:000247729000001 PM 17578703 ER PT J AU Weisend, JG AF Weisend, J. G., II TI Dr. K.A.G. Mendelssohn FRS (1906-1980) - A retrospective - In memoriam SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator, Dept CEF Res Support C, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Weisend, JG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator, Dept CEF Res Support C, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM weisend@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 207 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.01.003 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 183ON UT WOS:000247582200001 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Thoma, SG Bonhomme, F Rodriguez, MA Park, H Parise, JB Alam, TM Larentzos, JP Nyman, M AF Anderson, Travis M. Thoma, Steven G. Bonhomme, Francois Rodriguez, Mark A. Park, Hyunsoo Parise, John B. Alam, Todd M. Larentzos, James P. Nyman, May TI Lithium polyniobates. A lindqvist-supported lithium-water adamantane cluster and conversion of hexaniobate to a discrete keggin complex SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CATION-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; POLYOXOMETALATE CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; W-183 NMR; ION-PAIRS; TUNGSTOSILICATES; DERIVATIVES AB A Li7K salt of [Nb6O19](8-) and a Li13K salt of [SiNb12(OH)(2)O-38](14-) have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Li-6 MAS NMR. The structure of Li7K[Nb6O19]center dot 15H(2)O (a = 9.859(10) A, b = 17.500(17) A, c = 17.384(17) A, beta = 91.609(16)degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, R1 = 4.94% based on 5343 reflections) consists of a super-octahedron of six edge-sharing NbO6 octahedra capped by a Li4O10 adamantane-like structure. The Li-6 MAS NMR data are consistent with five tetrahedral Li+ sites (delta = 0.20 ppm) and two octahedral Li+ sites (delta = -1.38 ppm). The reaction of Li7K[Nb6O19]center dot 15H(2)O and Si(OC2H5)(4) yields Li13K[SiNb12(OH)(2)O-38]center dot 17H(2)O (a = 20.341(4) A, b = 10.735(2) A, c = 21.438(4) A, beta = 105.41(3)degrees, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, R1 = 6.49% based on 6161 reflections), an alpha-Keggin ion ([SiNb12(OH)(2)O-38](14-)) linked by Li+ cations and a single K+ cation. Interpretation of structural data suggests that Li+ has weaker ion pairing to [Nb6O19](8-) in the solid state than do Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+ (i.e., ion pairing increases with an increase in the ionic radius of the alkali metal cation). Given the high charge density of [Nb6O19](8-), the increase in solubility of alkali salts of [Nb6O19](8-) in water from Li+ to Cs+ (Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+) suggests that similar ion pairing in solution decreases the effective charge of the polyanion and increases stability as long as charge neutralization is not achieved. In addition, Li+ facilitates the formation of discrete [SiNb12(OH)(2)O-38](14-) clusters from a [Nb6O19](8-) precursor; the analogous reaction with Na-7[HNb6O19] produces a Keggin chain material. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Sci, Dept Geosci, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 49 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1021/cg0606904 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 153CD UT WOS:000245408400025 ER PT J AU Yoshikuni, Y Keasling, JD AF Yoshikuni, Yasuo Keasling, Jay D. TI Pathway engineering by designed divergent evolution SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; (+)-DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; BACTERIAL EXPRESSION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; TERPENE SYNTHASES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENZYME; SUPERFAMILIES AB Designed divergent evolution is a proposed protein engineering methodology to redesign enzyme function. The methodology was developed on the basis of the theories of divergent molecular evolution: (i) enzymes with more active and specialized functions have evolved from ones with promiscuous functions; (ii) this process is driven by small numbers of amino acid substitutions (plasticity); and (iii) the effects of double or multiple mutations are often additive (quasi-additive assumption). Thus, in many cases the impact of multiple mutations can be calculated by first determining the effects of a mutation at a single position and subsequently summing these effects using the quasi-additive assumption. In this way, the shape of the fitness landscape of a particular enzyme function can be estimated. The combinations of mutations predicted to yield global optima for desired functions can then be selected and introduced into the enzymes. The methodology has been demonstrated to be very powerful to redesign enzyme function. The use of multiple redesigned enzymes in novel or reconstructed metabolic pathways will enable the production of natural and unnatural products that will find use as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and many other applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.033 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 162LO UT WOS:000246089100019 PM 17353138 ER PT J AU Misteli, T Dernburg, AF AF Misteli, Tom Dernburg, Abby F. TI Chromosomes and expression mechanisms - Everything old is new again SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Misteli, T (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mistelit@mail.nih.gov; afdernburg@lbl.gov OI Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-437X J9 CURR OPIN GENET DEV JI Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.gde.2007.03.001 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162LW UT WOS:000246089900001 ER PT J AU Grossman, AR Croft, M Gladyshev, VN Merchant, SS Posewitz, MC Prochnik, S Spalding, MH AF Grossman, Arthur R. Croft, Martin Gladyshev, Vadim N. Merchant, Sabeeha S. Posewitz, Matthew C. Prochnik, Simon Spalding, Martin H. TI Novel metabolism in Chlamydomonas through the lens of genomics SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARBON-CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; GREEN-ALGA; NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION; INORGANIC CARBON; REINHARDTII; ANHYDRASE; CO2; CHLOROPLAST; SYSTEM AB Chlamydomonas has traditionally been exploited as an organism that is associated with sophisticated physiological, genetic and molecular analyses, all of which have been used to elucidate several biological processes, especially photosynthesis and flagella function and assembly. Recently, the genomics of Chlamydomonas has been combined with other technologies to unveil new aspects of metabolism, including inorganic carbon utilization, anaerobic fermentation, the suite and functions of selenoproteins, and the regulation of vitamin biosynthesis. These initial findings represent the first glimpse through a genomic window onto the highly complex metabolisms that characterize a unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryote that has maintained both plant-like and animal-like characteristics over evolutionary time. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Grossman, AR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM arthurg@stanford.edu RI Gladyshev, Vadim/A-9894-2013 NR 57 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 22 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.01.012 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 155JG UT WOS:000245573100014 PM 17291820 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Sundquist, WI AF Nogales, Eva Sundquist, Wesley I. TI Macromolecular assemblages: focusing in on complexity SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM enogales@lbl.gov; wes@biochem.utah.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.03.017 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 165UI UT WOS:000246330900010 ER PT J AU Downing, KH Sui, HX AF Downing, Kenneth H. Sui, Haixin TI Structural insights into microtubule doublet interactions in axonemes SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNEIN-REGULATORY-COMPLEX; EEL SPERM FLAGELLUM; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENT PROTEINS; CENTRAL-PAIR MICROTUBULES; INNER ARM DYNEINS; SEA-URCHIN SPERM; CHLAMYDOMONAS-FLAGELLA; CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; RADIAL SPOKES AB Coordinated sliding of microtubule doublets, driven by dynein motors, produces periodic beating of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Recent structural studies of the axoneme, which forms the core of cilia and flagella, have used cryo-electron tomography to reveal new details of the interactions between some of the multitude of proteins that form the axoneme and regulate its movement. Connections between the several types of dyneins, in particular, suggest ways in which their action might be coordinated. Study of the molecular architecture of isolated doublets has provided a structural basis for understanding mechanical properties related to the bending of the axoneme, and has also offered insight into the potential role of doublets in the mechanism of dynein activity regulation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov OI Sui, Haixin/0000-0002-5560-4325 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM051487] NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.03.013 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 165UI UT WOS:000246330900017 PM 17387011 ER PT J AU Kumar, RS Cornelius, AL Pravica, MG Nicol, MF Hu, MY Chow, PC AF Kumar, Ravhi S. Cornelius, Andrew L. Pravica, Michael G. Nicol, Malcolm F. Hu, Michael Y. Chow, Paul C. TI Bonding changes in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on Ti and TiH2 addition probed by X-ray Raman scattering SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT); mechanical grinding; X-ray Raman scattering ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; XANES AB Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were ball milled with Ti and TiH2. Samples collected at different milling times were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS). While the intensity of the pi* excitonic transition of the Ti+SWCNT samples remains unchanged with milling time, a doublet feature observed around 285.4 eV in the X-ray Raman spectra of the 5 h milled sample shows increasing hybridization of the Ti states with the nanotubes above the Fermi level. On the other hand, in addition to a double peak nature, the XRS spectra of TiH2+SWCNT samples show a decrease in the pi* intensity which provides clear evidence for increasing sp(3) hybridization with milling time. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Institut Washington, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kumar, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ravhi@physics.univ.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Kumar, Ravhi/B-8427-2012; OI Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 1136 EP 1139 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.12.047 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200100 ER PT J AU Kumar, RS Pravica, MG Cornelius, AL Nicol, MF Hu, MY Chow, PC AF Kumar, Ravhi S. Pravica, Michael G. Cornelius, Andrew L. Nicol, Malcolm F. Hu, Michael Y. Chow, Paul C. TI X-ray Raman scattering studies on C-60 fullerenes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes under pressure SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE C-60 fullerenes; multi-wall carbon nanombes (MWCNT); high pressure; X-ray Raman scattering ID FULLERITE C-60; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POLYMERIZED C-60; SUPERHARD PHASE; K-EDGE; DIAMOND; SPECTROSCOPY; C60; TRANSFORMATIONS AB X-ray Raman scattering experiments were performed on C-60 fullerenes and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) up to 20 GPa and 25 GPa using a diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation at HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source. The intensity of the near edge peaks representing sp(2) hybridization (pi*) decreases with increasing pressure in both materials. Around 13 GPa the X-ray Raman spectra of C-60 completely transformed to sp(3) type bonding leading to diamond-like phase. Similar features have been observed in MWCNT at 16 GPa indicating the formation of strong interlayer covalent bonds. Our experiments are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical simulations reported on the mechanical behaviour of compressed nanotubes and provide direct experimental evidence for bond switching of these carbonaceous systems at high pressures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kumar, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ravhi@physics.unlv.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Kumar, Ravhi/B-8427-2012; OI Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 1250 EP 1253 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.103 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200126 ER PT J AU Hitomi, K Iwai, S Tainer, JA AF Hitomi, Kenichi Iwai, Shigenori Tainer, John A. TI The intricate structural chemistry of base excision repair machinery: Implications for DNA damage recognition, removal, and repair SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Review DE DNA damage; DNA repair; base excision repair pathway; damage reversal; genome maintenance; crystallography; enzyme-DNA complex; structure-specific nuclease; damage recognition; base excision; glycosylase; N-glycosylase/AP-lyase enzymes; polymerase; FEN-2; PCNA; ligase ID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; ENZYME ENDONUCLEASE-III; CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; INDUCED-FIT MECHANISM; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; HUMAN ALKB PROTEINS; ZINC-FINGER DOMAIN; LUNG-CANCER RISK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Three-dimensional structures of DNA N-glycosylases and N-glycosylase/apyrimidine/ apurine (AP)-lyase enzymes and other critical components of base excision repair (BER) machinery including structure-specific nuclease, repair polymerase, DNA ligase, and PCNA tethering complexes reveal the overall unity of the simple cut and patch process of DNA repair for damaged bases. In general, the damage-specific excision is initiated by structurally-variable DNA glycosylases targeted to distinct base lesions. This committed excision step is followed by a subsequent damage-general processing of the resulting abasic sites and 3' termini, the insertion of the correct base by a repair DNA polymerase, and finally sealing the nicked backbone by DNA ligase. However, recent structures of protein-DNA and protein-protein complexes and other BER machinery are providing a more in-depth look into the intricate functional diversity and complexity of maintaining genomic integrity despite very high levels of constant DNA base damage from endogenous as well as environmental agents. Here we focus on key discoveries concerning BER structural biology that speak to better understanding the damage recognition, reaction mechanisms, conformational controls, coordinated handoffs, and biological activities including links to cancer. As the three-dimensional crystal and NMR structures for the protein and DNA complexes of all major components of the BER system have now been determined, we provide here a relatively complete description of the key complexes starting from DNA base damage detection and excision to the final ligation process. As our understanding of BER structural biology and the molecular basis for cancer improve, we predict that there will be multiple links joining BER enzyme mutations and cancer predispositions, such as now seen for MYH. Currently, structural results are realizing the promise that high-resolution structures provide detailed insights into how these BER proteins function to specifically recognize, remove, and repair DNA base damage without the release of toxic and mutagenic intermediates. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jat@scripps.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 92584]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 46312] NR 145 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 410 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.10.004 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 155HD UT WOS:000245567600003 PM 17208522 ER PT J AU Scarpazza, DP Villa, O Petrini, F AF Scarpazza, Daniele Paolo Villa, Oreste Petrini, Fabrizio TI Programming the cell processor SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scarpazza, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniele.scarpazza@pnl.gov; oreste.villa@pnl.gov; fabrizio.petrini@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 26 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 146LT UT WOS:000244936600008 ER PT J AU Runck, C AF Runck, Clay TI Macroinvertebrate production and food web energetics in an industrially contaminated stream SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chironomidae; energy flow; food quality; food web; mercury; nutrient enrichment; periphyton; secondary production; streams; suspended sediment ID ESTIMATING SECONDARY PRODUCTION; DESERT STREAM; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EQUATIONS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; CHIRONOMIDAE DIPTERA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HEADWATER STREAMS; PRIMARY CONSUMERS; BLACKWATER RIVER; MOUNTAIN STREAMS AB This study examines secondary production and periphyton-invertebrate food web energetics at two sites in an industrially contaminated, nutrient-enriched stream. Secondary production data and data from the literature were used to calculate potential amounts of mercury transferred from periphyton to chironomid larvae and into terrestrial food webs with emerging adults. The nutritional quality of periphyton was characterized using energy content, chlorophyll a, protein, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and percentage of organic matter. Chironomid larvae (Orthocladiinae: Cricotopus spp.) comprised 96% of all macroinvertebrates collected from stones at the two sites. Cricotopus production was extremely high: production was 59.5 g AFDM (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) at the site upstream of a 1-ha settling basin and 32.4 g AFDM (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) at the site below the basin. Apparent differences in annual secondary production were associated with reduced organic content (i.e., nutritional quality) of the periphyton matrix under different loading of total suspended solids. The periphyton matrix at both sites was contaminated with inorganic (Hg(II)) and methyl (MeHg) mercury. The amount of Hg( II) potentially ingested by Cricotopus was calculated to be 49 mg Hg(II) (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) at the upstream site and 19 mg Hg(II) (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) at the downstream site. Mercury ingestion by Cricotopus at the downstream site was calculated to be 2% of the estimated annual deposition of particulate-bound Hg( II) to the stream bed. Emergence of adult Cricotopus was calculated to remove 563 mu g Hg( II) (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) from the stream at the upstream site and 117 mu g Hg( II) (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1) at the downstream site, which amounted to 4.1 g Hg(II)/yr for the 2.1-km reach of stream included in this study. The ratio of metal export in emergence production to surface area for the study stream was 10 to 10(3) times higher than ratios calculated for lakes using data from the literature. This study is the first well-documented example of extremely high aquatic insect production in an industrially contaminated, nutrient-enriched stream, and it highlights the application of production measurements to examine the role of aquatic insect production in the trophic transfer of energy and persistent contaminants in aquatic food webs and into terrestrial food webs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Runck, C (reprint author), Benedictine Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5700 Coll Rd, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. EM crunck@ben.edu NR 92 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 740 EP 753 DI 10.1890/05-1026 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TS UT WOS:000245744500010 PM 17494393 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Wang, J Wu, H Lin, YY Lin, YH AF Liu, Guodong Wang, Jun Wu, Hong Lin, Yingying Lin, Yuehe TI Nanovehicles based bioassay labels SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE proteins; apoferritin; nanoparticles; nanovehicles; immunoassays; stripping voltammetry ID DOPED SILICA NANOPARTICLES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ULTRASENSITIVE DNA DETECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; COLLOIDAL GOLD; CARBON-NANOTUBES; TAGGED LIPOSOMES; HYBRIDIZATION; APOFERRITIN; TRANSDUCTION AB In this article, we review recent advances of our group in nanoparticle labels based bioassay. Apoferritin and silica nanoparticles have been used as nanovehicles to load large amount of markers for highly sensitive bioassay. Markers loaded apoferritin, apoferritin-templated metallic phosphate nanoparticles, and poly[guanine] coated silica nanoparticles have been prepared, characterized and used as labels for highly sensitive bioassay of protein and DNA. Dissociation and reconstitution characteristics at different pH as well as the special cavity structure of apoferritin nanovehicle provides a simple and convenient route to prepare versatile nanoparticle labels and avoid the complicated and tedious synthesis process of conventional nanoparticle labels. The optical and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared nanoparticle labels are easily controlled by loading different optical or electrochemical markers. Additionally, the use of apoferritin nanovehicle as template for synthesis of metallic phosphate nanoparticle labels offers fast route to prepare uniform-size metallic nanoparticle labels for electrochemical bioassay and avoids the traditional harsh dissolution conditions to dissolve metallic nanoparticle tags (that is, the strong-acid dissolution of quantum dots and gold nanoparticles) during the stripping analysis step. Silica nanoparticle has also been used as nanovehicle to carry thousands of poly[guanine] tracers, which was used to enhance the oxidation current of Ru(bpy)2+/3, resulting in enhanced sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassay. The new nanovehicle-based labels have been 3 resulting in enhanced sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassay. The new nanovehicle used for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of DNA and protein biomarkers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha.). The high sensitivity and selectivity make these labels a useful addition to the armory of nanoparticle-based bioassay. The new nanovehicles based labels hold great promise for multiplex protein and DNA detection and for enhancing the sensitivity of other bioassays. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, GD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM guodong.liu@pnl.gov; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 68 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 777 EP 785 DI 10.1002/elan.200603787 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 162VE UT WOS:000246116800005 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Amine, K. TI Bifunctional electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE redox shuttle; anion receptor; electrolyte additive ID REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES; OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; STABILITY; CELLS AB 2-(Pentafluorophenyl)-tetrafluoro-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole was reported as a bifunctional electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries. It was found that the reported additive had a redox potential of 4.43 V vs. Li+/Li with a reversible oxidation/reduction reaction. Therefore, it is a promising redox shuttle for overcharge protection of most positive electrode materials for current lithium-ion-battery technology. At the same time, the boron center of this additive is a strong Lewis acid and can act as an anion receptor to dissolve LiF generated during the operation of lithium-ion batteries. The possibility of using the novel additive as both the redox shuttle and the anion receptor was discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 10 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 703 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.11.002 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 161YS UT WOS:000246053700033 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Li, NC Lefief, C Thackeray, MM AF Johnson, Christopher S. Li, Naichao Lefief, Christina Thackeray, Michael M. TI Anomalous capacity and cycling stability of xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-x)LiMO2 electrodes (M = Mn, Ni, Co) in lithium batteries at 50 degrees C SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium battery; cathode; composite structure; Li2MnO3; LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2; LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2 ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; SECONDARY BATTERIES; INSERTION MATERIAL; MANGANESE OXIDES; CELLS; LI2MNO3; NMR AB Transition metal oxides with composite xLi(2)MnO(3). (1 - x)LiMO2 rocksalt structures (M = Mn, Ni, Co) are of interest as a new generation of cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. After electrochemical activation to 4.6 or 4.8 V (vs. Li-0) at 50 degrees C, xLi(2)MnO(3). (1 - x)LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2 (x = 0.5, 0.7) electrodes deliver initial discharge capacities (> 300 mAh/g) at a low current rate (0.05 mA/cm(2)) that exceed the theoretical values for lithiation back to the rocksalt stoichiometry (240-260 mAh/g), at least during the early charge/discharge cycles of the cells. Attention is drawn to previous reports of similar, but unaccounted and unexplained anomalous behavior of these types of electrode materials. Possible reasons for this anomalous capacity are suggested. Indications are that electrodes in which M = Mn, Ni and Co do not cycle with the same stability at 50 degrees C as those without cobalt. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnsoncs@cmt.anl.gov NR 35 TC 253 Z9 279 U1 11 U2 165 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.11.006 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 161YS UT WOS:000246053700047 ER PT J AU Herter, K AF Herter, Karen TI Residential implementation of critical-peak pricing of electricity SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE electricity rates; residential electricity; demand response ID CALIFORNIA; MARKET; EFFICIENCY AB This paper investigates how critical-peak pricing (CPP) affects households with different usage and income levels, with the goal of informing policy makers who are considering the implementation of CPP tariffs in the residential sector. Using a subset of data from the California Statewide Pricing Pilot of 2003-04, average load change during summer events, annual percent bill change, and post-experiment satisfaction ratings are calculated across six customer segments, categorized by historical usage and income levels. Findings show that hi.-h-use customers respond significantly more in kW reduction than do low-use customers, while low-use customers save significantly more in percentage reduction of annual electricity bills than do high-use customers-results that challenge the strategy of targeting only high-use customers for CPP tariffs. Across income levels, average load and bill changes were statistically indistinguishable, as were satisfaction rates-results that are compatible with a strategy of full-scale implementation of CPP rates in the residential sector. Finally, the high-use customers earning less than $50,000 annually were the most likely of the groups to see bill increases-about 5% saw bill increases of 10% or more-suggesting that any residential CPP implementation might consider targeting this customer group for increased energy efficiency efforts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herter, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KBHerter@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 2121 EP 2130 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.019 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156FV UT WOS:000245634400010 ER PT J AU Van Buskirk, R Ben Hagan, E Ahenkorah, AO McNeil, MA AF Van Buskirk, Robert Ben Hagan, Essel Ahenkorah, Alfred Ofosu McNeil, Michael A. TI Refrigerator efficiency in Ghana: Tailoring an appliance market transformation program design for Africa SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE energy efficiency; market transformation; Africa energy policy AB In some cases, a simple replication of developed country appliance efficiency labels and standards may not be completely feasible in Ghana, Africa. Yet by creatively modifying the developed country appliance efficiency market transformation model, it should be possible to achieve dramatic energy use reductions. As was true in developed countries in the previous two decades, refrigeration efficiency improvements provide the greatest energy savings potential in the residential electricity sector in Ghana. Although Ghana, like many African countries may impose standards on imports since Ghana does not have manufacturing facilities for appliances in country. This approach may hurt some consumers who patronize a very diverse market of used appliances imported from Europe. We discuss how meeting the challenges of the Ghanaian market will require modification of the usual energy efficiency labeling and standards paradigm. But once a refrigerator market transformation is accomplished in Ghana, we estimate an average energy savings potential of 550 kWh/ refrigerator/year, and a monetary savings of more than $35/refrigerator/year. We discuss how this modified refrigerator efficiency market transformation may occur in the Ghanaian context. If successful, this market transformation is likely to be an example for many other African countries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CSIR, Inst Ind Res, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Ghana Energy Fdn, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Van Buskirk, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rdvanbuskirk@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 2401 EP 2411 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.08.017 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156FV UT WOS:000245634400037 ER PT J AU Coll-Mayor, D Paget, M Lightner, E AF Coll-Mayor, Debora Paget, Mia Lightner, Eric TI Future intelligent power grids: Analysis of the vision in the European Union and the United States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA DE energy policy analysis; intelligent power grid visions; analysis of opportunities AB The future of power grids is expected to involve an increasing level of intelligence and integration of new information and communication technologies in every aspect of the electricity system, from demand-side devices to wide-scale distributed generation to a variety of energy markets. This paper provides a general outlook of the definition of this future in the US and the European Union and compares two approaches-GridWise (TM) and SmartGrid. It describes the contexts in both the worlds, as they influence the two visions of the future intelligent power grid, and as they form foundations at each respective federal level for supporting research in this field. The similarities and complementarities of the two research programs are examined. Within the framework of a solid precedence for trans-Atlantic co-operation in energy research, the time would seem optimal to set in motion active collaboration and educational exchange on GridWise and SmartGrid research. This paper will help energy policy makers to better understand the key issues determining the two different approaches and the two different policies derived from them; as well as a comparison of the solution provided in each case. This work will also be useful for researchers and industry decision makers to be aware of trans-Atlantic approaches, opportunities, and resources looking toward future, more intelligent and interconnected power grids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Phys, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US DOE, Off Elect Delivery & Energy Reliabil, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Coll-Mayor, D (reprint author), Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Phys, Ctra Valldemossa 7-5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. EM debora.coll@uib.es NR 26 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 2453 EP 2465 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.09.001 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156FV UT WOS:000245634400041 ER PT J AU Fthenakis, VM Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, Vasilis M. Kim, Hyung Chul TI Greenhouse-gas emissions from solar electric- and nuclear power: A life-cycle study SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE greenhouse gas; photovoltaic; nuclear ID ENERGY PAYBACK; SYSTEM AB Solar- and nuclear-electricity-generation technologies often are deemed "carbon-free" because their operation does not generate any carbon dioxide. However, this is not so when considering their entire lifecycle of energy production; carbon dioxide and other gases are emitted during the extraction, I processing, and disposal of associated materials. We determined the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, namely, CO2, CH4. N2O, and chlorofluorocarbons due to materials and energy flows throughout all stages of the life of commercial technologies for solar-electric- and nuclear-power generation, based on data from 12 photovoltaic (PV) companies, and reviews of nuclear-fuel life cycles in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Previous GHG estimates vary widely, from 40 to 180 CO2-eq./kWh for PV. and 3.5-100 CO2-eq./kWh for nuclear power. Country-specific parameters account for many of these differences, which are exacerbated by outdated information. We conclude, instead, that lifetime GHG emissions from solar- and nuclear-fuel cycles in the United States are comparable under actual production conditions and average solar irradiation, viz., 22-49 g CO2-eq./kWh (average US) 17-39 g CO2-eq./kWh (south west) for solar electric, and 16-55 g CO2-eq./kWh for nuclear energy. However, several factors may significantly change this picture within the next 5 years, and there are unanswered questions about the nuclear fuel cycle that warrant further analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Life Cycle Anal, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 11027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Natl Photovolta EH&S Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Life Cycle Anal, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 11027 USA. EM vmf@bnl.gov OI Kim, Hyung Chul/0000-0002-0992-4547 NR 42 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 2549 EP 2557 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.022 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156FV UT WOS:000245634400049 ER PT J AU Pugh, CE Bass, BR Dickson, TL AF Pugh, Claud E. Bass, B. Richard Dickson, Terry L. TI Role of probabilistic analysis in integrity assessments of reactor pressure vessels exposed to pressurized thermal-shock conditions SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nuclear power plant; pressurized thermal shock; experiments and probabilistic analysis AB In recent years, probabilistic analyses have been playing an increasing role in safety assessments for nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the USA. An important example is the treatment of integrity analyses for the primary reactor pressure vessel (RPV) when it is exposed to pressurized thermal-shock (PTS) events. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) approach to ensuring PTS integrity over the RPV lifetime has been to establish limits that ensure that the likelihood of through-wall-crack (TWC) development is kept below a prescribed very low level. The key elements for the probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis package include thermal-hydraulic analysis input, neutron exposure models, embrittlement models for RPV steels, representations of fracture properties data, flaw characterization models, PFM models, and computational computer codes. The state of knowledge that existed when the NRC initially formulated the PTS rule in the 1980s necessitated that the rule and its technical bases use conservative treatment of parameters and models. Advancements made in the ensuing 20 years have motivated the NRC to undertake a comprehensive update of these technical bases to support potential revisions to the rule. The current status of the key technical elements has now been established, and an updated PFM methodology is being drafted and used for preliminary analyses of three U.S. PWRs. The frequencies of vessel failure predicted by these analyses have been compared with those calculated under the early PTS methodology and are encouraging that a revision to the PTS rule may be forthcoming. Because the PFM calculations utilize a series of deterministic LEFM fracture analyses, it is important to know the degree to which the LEFM methods are applicable to the analysis of thick-wall vessels. U.S. efforts to establish this applicability have been extensive and included a significant number of fracture experiments using large-scale vessels to validate analysis methods and demonstrate margins within design codes. This paper includes a summary of results from several of those key experiments. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Struct Assessments Inc, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pugh, CE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Struct Assessments Inc, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. EM pughce@comcast.net NR 23 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 501 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.08.006 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 115ZX UT WOS:000242773400009 ER PT J AU Turner, CJ Crawford, RH Campbell, MI AF Turner, C. J. Crawford, R. H. Campbell, M. I. TI Global optimization of NURBs-based metamodels SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE NURBs; metamodels; multistart optimization; global optimization; optimization confidence ID DESIGN; APPROXIMATION; SURFACES AB The emergence of metamodels as approximate objective function representations offers the ability to 'design' metamodels with favourable optimization characteristics without compromising the accurate representational capabilities of arbitrary function topologies and modalities. With non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBs) as a metamodel basis, favourable optimization properties can be obtained which allow the intelligent selection of starting points for multistart optimization algorithms and which constrain optimization searches to metamodel regions containing the global metamodel optimum. In this article NURBs-based metamodels are used to define an optimization algorithm (HyPerOp) which guarantees the discovery of the global metamodel optimum with known computational effort. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating how NURBs' properties contribute to a favourable objective function approximation. Through a large non-linear optimization trial problem set, the claim that HyPerOp is guaranteed to find the global metamodel optimum is demonstrated and the performance of HyPerOp with respect to random multistart approaches is evaluated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Turner, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J580, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cturner@alumni.utexas.net RI Campbell, Matthew/B-5334-2009; Turner, Cameron/N-7266-2014 OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0003-1296-6542; Turner, Cameron/0000-0001-9546-2328 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-215X J9 ENG OPTIMIZ JI Eng. Optimiz. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 245 EP 269 DI 10.1080/0305215060177260 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 170VV UT WOS:000246695200001 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Birkholzer, J Tsang, CF AF Lewicki, Jennifer L. Birkholzer, Jens Tsang, Chin-Fu TI Natural and industrial analogues for leakage of CO2 from storage reservoirs: identification of features, events, and processes and lessons learned SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 storage; leakage; natural analogue; industrial analogue; FEP ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; CARBON-ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; CAMPI FLEGREI CALDERA; LAKE NYOS; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; MAGMATIC CO2; GROUND DEFORMATION; LAACHER SEE; GAS HAZARD AB Instances of gas leakage from naturally occurring CO2 reservoirs and natural gas storage sites serve as analogues for the potential release of CO2 from geologic storage sites. This paper summarizes and compares the features, events, and processes that can be identified from these analogues, which include both naturally occurring releases and those associated with industrial processes. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) carbon dioxide can accumulate beneath, and be released from, primary and secondary shallower reservoirs with capping units located at a wide range of depths; (2) many natural releases of CO2 are correlated with a specific event that triggered the release; (3) unsealed fault and fracture zones may act as conduits for CO2 flow from depth to the surface; (4) improperly constructed or abandoned wells can rapidly release large quantities of CO2; (5) the types of CO2 release at the surface vary widely between and within different leakage sites; (6) the hazard to human health was small in most cases, possibly because of implementation of post-leakage public education and monitoring programs; (7) while changes in groundwater chemistry were related to CO2 leakage, waters often remained potable. Lessons learned for risk assessment associated with geologic carbon sequestration are discussed. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jllewicki@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 99 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0479-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 146RC UT WOS:000244951100005 ER PT J AU Quinn, NWT AF Quinn, N. W. T. TI Environmental Risk and Emergency Management - Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Quinn, NWT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nwquinn@lbl.gov RI Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 415 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.01.006 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 126BS UT WOS:000243487800001 ER PT J AU Quinn, NWT Jacobs, KC AF Quinn, Nigel W. T. Jacobs, Karl C. TI Design and implementation of an emergency environmental response system to protect migrating salmon in the lower San Joaquin River, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environment Software System CY MAY 18-21, 2004 CL James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA HO James Madison Univ DE dissolved oxygen; decision support; modeling; algae ID WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT AB In the past decade tens of millions of dollars have been spent by water resource agencies in California to restore the native salmon fishery in the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries. An excavated deep water ship channel (DWSC), through which the river runs on its way to the Bay/Delta and Pacific Ocean, experiences episodes of low dissolved oxygen which acts as a barrier to anadromous fish migration and a threat to the long-term survival of the salmon run. An emergency response management system is under development to forecast these episodes of low dissolved oxygen and to deploy measures that will raise dissolved oxygen concentrations to prevent damage to the fishery resource. The emergency response management system has been designed to interact with a real-time water quality monitoring network and is served by a comprehensive data management and forecasting model toolbox. The Bay/Delta and Tributaries (BDAT) Cooperative Data Management System is a distributed, web accessible database that contains terabytes of information on all aspects of the ecology of the Bay/Delta and upper watersheds. The complexity of the problem dictates data integration from a variety of monitoring programs. A unique data templating system has been constructed to serve the needs of cooperating scientists who wish to share their data and to simplify and streamline data uploading into the master database. In this paper we demonstrate the utility of such a system in providing decision support for management of the San Joaquin River fishery. We discuss how the system might be expanded to have further utility in coping with other emergencies and threats to water supply system serving California's costal communities. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Quinn, NWT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nwquinn@lbl.gov; kjacobs@water.ca.gov RI Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 SI SI BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.12.009 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 126BS UT WOS:000243487800002 ER PT J AU Wang, M Hong, MW Huo, H AF Wang, Michael Hong, May Wu Huo, Hong TI Life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission impacts of different corn ethanol plant types SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE corn ethanol; life-cycle analysis; greenhouse gas emissions; ethanol plants AB Since the United States began a programme to develop ethanol as a transportation fuel, its use has increased from 175 million gallons in 1980 to 4.9 billion gallons in 2006. Virtually all of the ethanol used for transportation has been produced from corn. During the period of fuel ethanol growth, corn farming productivity has increased dramatically, and energy use in ethanol plants has been reduced by almost by half. The majority of corn ethanol plants are powered by natural gas. However, as natural gas prices have skyrocketed over the last several years, efforts have been made to further reduce the energy used in ethanol plants or to switch from natural gas to other fuels, such as coal and wood chips. In this paper, we examine nine corn ethanol plant types - categorized according to the type of process fuels employed, use of combined heat and power, and production of wet distiller grains and solubles. We found that these ethanol plant types can have distinctly different energy and greenhouse gas emission effects on a full fuel-cycle basis. In particular, greenhouse gas emission impacts can vary significantly - from a 3% increase if coal is the process fuel to a 52% reduction if wood chips are used. Our results show that, in order to achieve energy and greenhouse gas emission benefits, researchers need to closely examine and differentiate among the types of plants used to produce corn ethanol so that corn ethanol production would move towards a more sustainable path. C1 [Wang, Michael; Hong, May Wu; Huo, Hong] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60565 USA. EM mqwang@anl.gov NR 11 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 36 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/2/2/024001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269MJ UT WOS:000253652800001 ER PT J AU Tonn, B Marland, G AF Tonn, Bruce Marland, Gregg TI Carbon sequestration in wood products: a method for attribution to multiple parties SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; harvested wood products; attribution methodology AB When forest is harvested some of the forest carbon ends up in wood products. If the forest is managed so that the standing stock of the forest remains constant over time, and the stock of wood products is increasing, then carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere in net and this should be reflected in accounting for greenhouse gas emissions. We suggest that carbon sequestration in wood products requires cooperation of multiple parties; from the forest owner to the product manufacturer to the product user, and perhaps others. Credit for sequestering carbon away from the atmosphere could acknowledge the contributions of these multiple parties. Accounting under a cap-and-trade or tax system is not necessarily an inventory system, it is a system designed to motivate and/or reward an environmental objective. we describe a system of attribution whereby credits for carbon sequestration would be shared among multiple, contributing parties. It is hoped that the methodology outlined herein proves attractive enough to parties concerned to spur them to address the details of such a system. The system of incentives one would choose for limiting or controlling greenhouse gas emissions could be quite different, depending on how the attribution for emissions and sequestration is chosen. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Polit Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tonn, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Polit Sci, McClung Tower,Room 1018, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM btonn@utk.edu NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.10.010 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143PQ UT WOS:000244735400006 ER PT J AU Hultman, NE Koomey, JG Kammen, DM AF Hultman, Nathan E. Koomey, Jonathan G. Kammen, Daniel M. TI What history can teach us about the future costs of U.S. NUCLEAR POWER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REAL-OPTIONS APPROACH; EXTREME-VALUE THEORY; RISK; LESSONS; CONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; STATISTICS; CHALLENGES; ECONOMICS; RAINFALL C1 Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Goldman Sch Publ Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hultman, NE (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM neh3@georgetown.edu; jgkoomey@stanford.edu; kammen@berkeley.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2088 EP 2093 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900010 PM 17438747 ER PT J AU Jaisi, DP Dong, HL Liu, CX AF Jaisi, Deb P. Dong, Hailiang Liu, Chongxuan TI Kinetic analysis of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; BIOGENIC FE(II); STRUCTURAL FE(III); REDUCING BACTERIA; CLAY-MINERALS; IRON; ILLITE; BIOREMEDIATION; CONTAMINANTS; GOETHITE AB Microbial reduction of structural Fe(III) in nontronite (NAu-2) was studied in batch cultures under non-growth condition using Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32. The rate and extent of structural Fe(III) reduction was examined as a function of electron acceptor [Fe(III)] and bacterial concentration. Fe(II) sorption onto NAu-2 and CN32 surfaces was independently measured and described by the Langmuir expression with the affinity constant (log K) of 3.21 and 3.30 for NAu-2 and bacteria, respectively. The Fe(II) sorption capacity of NAu-2 decreased with increasing NAu-2 concentration, suggesting a particle aggregation effect. An empirical equation for maximum sorption capacity was derived from the sorption isotherms as a function of NAu-2 concentration. The total reactive surface concentration of Fe(III) was proposed as a proxy for the "effective" or bioaccessible Fe(III) concentration. The initial rate of microbial reduction was first-order with respect to the effective Fe(III) concentration. A kinetic biogeochemical model was assembled that incorporated the first-order rate expression with respect to the effective Fe(III) concentration, Fe(II) sorption to cell and NAu-2 surfaces, and the empirical equation for maximum sorption capacity. The model successfully described the experimental results with variable NAu-2 concentration. The initial rate of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in NAu-2 increased with increasing cell concentration from 10(2) up to similar to 10(8) cells/mL, and then leveled off with further increase. A saturation-type kinetics with respect to cell concentration was required to describe microbial reduction of Fe(III) in NAu-2 as a function of cell concentration. Overall, our results indicated that the kinetics of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in NAu-2 can be modeled at variable concentration of key variables (clay and cell concentration) by considering the surface saturation, Fe(II) production, and its sorption to NAu-2 and cell surfaces. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jaisi, DP (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Liu, Chongxuan/0000-0002-2180-6770 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2437 EP 2444 DI 10.1021/es0619399 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900061 PM 17438797 ER PT J AU Gerdemann, SJ O'Connor, WK Dahlin, DC Penner, LR Rush, H AF Gerdemann, Stephen J. O'Connor, William K. Dahlin, David C. Penner, Larry R. Rush, Hank TI Ex situ aqueous mineral carbonation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CO2 AB The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) located in Albany, OR (formerly the Albany Research Center) has studied ex situ mineral carbonation as a potential option for carbon dioxide sequestration. Studies focused on the reaction of Ca-, Fe-, and Mg-silicate minerals with gaseous CO2 to form geologically stable, naturally occurring solid carbonate minerals. The research included resource evaluation, kinetic studies, process development, and economic evaluation. An initial cost estimate of similar to$69/ton of CO2 sequestered was improved with process improvements to similar to$54/ton. The scale of ex situ mineral carbonation operations, requiring similar to 55 000 tons of mineral to carbonate, the daily CO2 emissions from a 1-GW, coal-fired power plant, may make such operations impractical. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Gerdemann, SJ (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM Steve.Gerdemann@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 23 TC 196 Z9 202 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2587 EP 2593 DI 10.1021/es0619253 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900084 PM 17438820 ER PT J AU Odell, D Barr, A Goldberg, R Chung, J Rempel, D AF Odell, Dan Barr, Alan Goldberg, Robert Chung, Jeffrey Rempel, David TI Evaluation of a dynamic arm support for seated and standing tasks: a laboratory study of electromyography and subjective feedback SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE forearm; support; electromyography; shoulder; muscle load ID MUSCLE-ACTIVITY; SEDENTARY WORK; SHOULDER; SUSPENSION; LOAD AB The goal of this study was to determine whether a new dynamic arm support system reduced shoulder and arm muscle load for seated and standing hand/arm tasks. The new system provides support for both horizontal and vertical arm motion. A total of 11 participants performed ten tasks (five seated and five standing) both with and without the arm support. Outcomes were assessed with electromyography and subjective feedback. Muscle activity was measured over the dominant side supraspinatus, triceps and forearm extensor muscles. Significant (p < 0.01) reductions in static muscle activity were observed in one of ten tasks performed with the support device for the supraspinatus muscle, in five tasks for the triceps and in one task for forearm extensor muscles. Likewise, a significant improvement in subjective measures was reported with the support device for 'ease of task' for two of ten tasks, for 'forearm comfort' for three of ten tasks and for 'shoulder effort' for six of ten tasks. The results suggest that a dynamic forearm support may improve subjective comfort and reduce static muscle loads in the upper extremity for tasks that involve horizontal movement of the arms. For rapid motions, the value of the support is limited due to internal inertia and friction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ergonom Lab, Richmond Field Stn, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Human Factors & Safety Program, EH&S Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rempel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ergonom Lab, Richmond Field Stn, 1301 S 46th St,Bldg 163, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM david.rempel@ucsf.edu RI Rempel, David/E-8424-2013 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 520 EP 535 DI 10.1080/00140130601135508 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 142RR UT WOS:000244668000004 PM 17575713 ER PT J AU Tubiello, FN Amthor, JS Boote, KJ Donatelli, M Easterling, W Fischer, G Gifford, RM Howden, M Reilly, J Rosenzweig, C AF Tubiello, Francesco N. Amthor, Jeffrey S. Boote, Kenneth J. Donatelli, Marcello Easterling, William Fischer, Gunther Gifford, Roger M. Howden, Mark Reilly, John Rosenzweig, Cynthia TI Crop response to elevated CO2 and world food supply - A comment on "Food for Thought..." by Long et al., Science 312 : 1918-1921, 2006 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Editorial Material DE CO2; crop response; FACE; chambers; experimental and model data; climate change; world food supply ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENRICHMENT FACE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; MODEL; GROWTH; WHEAT; AGRICULTURE; IMPACTS AB Recent conclusions that new free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) data show a much lower crop yield response to elevated CO2 than thought previously - casting serious doubts on estimates of world food supply in the 21 st century - are found to be incorrect, being based in part on technical inconsistencies and lacking statistical significance. First, we show that the magnitude of crop response to elevated CO2 is rather similar across FACE and non-FACE data-sets, as already indicated by several previous comprehensive experimental and modeling analyses, with some differences related to which "ambient" CO2 concentration is used for comparisons. Second, we find that results from most crop model simulations are consistent with the values from FACE experiments. Third, we argue that lower crop responses to elevated CO2 of the magnitudes in question would not significantly alter projections of world food supply. We conclude by highlighting the importance of a better understanding of crop response to elevated CO, under a variety of experimental and modeling settings, and suggest steps necessary to avoid confusion in future meta-analyses and comparisons of experimental and model data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL USA. ISCI, CRA, Bologna, Italy. Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Environm, University Pk, PA USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Land Use Program, Laxenburg, Austria. CSIRO, Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia. CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT, Australia. MIT, Joint Program Sci Policy Global Change, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, New York, NY USA. RP Tubiello, FN (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM franci@giss.nasa.gov RI Howden, Stuart/C-1138-2008; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Howden, Stuart/0000-0002-0386-9671; Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 41 TC 144 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2006.10.002 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 156BW UT WOS:000245623900005 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Moyer, BA AF Custelcean, Radu Moyer, Bruce A. TI Anion separation with metal-organic frameworks SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE anions; crystal engineering; host-guest systems; molecular recognition ID ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES; SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; MEMBRANE ELECTRODES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NEUTRAL CARRIERS; RECOGNITION PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION AB The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to anion separations with a special emphasis on anion selectivity is reviewed. The coordination frameworks are classified on the basis of the main interactions to the included anion, from weak and non-specific van der Waals forces to more specific interactions such as coordination to Lewis acid metal centers or hydrogen bonding. The importance of anion solvadon phenomena to the observed anion selectivities is highlighted, and strategies for reversing the Hofmeister bias that favors large, less hydrophilic anions, and for obtaining peak selectivities based on shape recognition are delineated. Functionalization of the anion-binding sites in MOFs with strong and directional hydrogen-bonding groups that are complementary to the included anion, combined with organizational rigidity of the coordination framework, appears to be the most promising approach for achieving non-Hofmeister selectivity. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov; moyerba@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 108 TC 190 Z9 192 U1 7 U2 89 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 IS 10 BP 1321 EP 1340 DI 10.1002/ejic.200700018 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 156XP UT WOS:000245683500001 ER PT J AU Rzaca-Urban, T Urban, W Sarkar, MS Sarkar, S Durell, JL Smith, AG Varley, BJ Ahmad, I AF Rzaca-Urban, T. Urban, W. Sarkar, M. Saha Sarkar, S. Durell, J. L. Smith, A. G. Varley, B. J. Ahmad, I. TI First observation of medium-spin excitations in the Cs-138 nucleus SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Letter ID GAMMA-RAY; FISSION; REGION; BANDS AB Medium-spin, yrast excitations in the Cs-138 nucleus, populated in the spontaneous fission of Cm-248, were observed for the first time. Cs-138 was studied by means of prompt ray spectroscopy using the EUROGAM2 array. The newly observed yrast cascade, built on the known 6-isomer at 80 keV, was successfully described by shell model calculations. Analogously to the 136I isotone, the 6(-) isomer in Cs-138 has the ( pi g(7)(4) (/2) d(5/2)vf(7/2) ) (6-) dominating configuration and the 7(-) excitation, located 175 keV above, corresponds to the ( pi g(7/2)(3)d(5/2)(2)vf(7/2))(7-) as dominating configuration. Similarly as in I-136, changing the position of the d(5/2) proton orbital improves the reproduction of the data. However, in Cs-138 the energy of this orbital should be increased compared to its energy in Sb-133, to get the best description, in contrast to I-136 and Sb-135, where it had to be decreased. The best reproduction of excitation energies in Cs-138 is obtained assuming that the pd(5/2) orbital in Cs-138 is located about 100 keV higher than in Sb-133. These observations suggest that the lowering of the d(5/2) s. p. energy in Sb-135 is not a physical effect due to the appearance of a neutron skin, as proposed by other authors, but rather an artifact due to some de. ciency of the input data used in the shell model calculations in the region of the doubly magic Sn-132 core. C1 Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, India. Bengal Engn & Sci Univ, Dept Phys, Howrah 711103, India. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rzaca-Urban, T (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM Rzaca@fuw.edu.pl RI Saha Sarkar, Maitreyee/E-8294-2012 OI Saha Sarkar, Maitreyee/0000-0002-9465-4210 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1140/epja/i2007-10362-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 171LY UT WOS:000246738700002 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Y. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. W. Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Search for stop production in R-parity-violating supersymmetry at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; JET FRAGMENTATION; STANDARD MODEL; E+E-PHYSICS; DECAYS; SCATTERING AB A search for stop production in R-parity-violating supersymmetry has been performed in e(+)p interactions with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 65 pb(-1). At HERA, the R-parity-violating coupling lambda' allows resonant squark production, e(+)d -> q. since the lowest-mass squark state in most supersymmetry models is the light stop, t, this search concentrated on production of t, followed wither by a direct R-parity-violating decay, or by the guage decay to b (chi) over tilde (+)(1). No evidence for stop production was found and limits were set on lambda'(131) as a function of the stop mass in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The results have also been interpreted in terms of constraints on the paramee minimal supergravity model. C1 Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-1040 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Saegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow 117234, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London W1N 8AA, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizman Inst, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RI Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0240-8 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153KG UT WOS:000245431700002 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Y. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. W. Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA Zeus Collaboration TI Photoproduction of events with rapidity gaps between jets at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID COLOR-SINGLET EXCHANGE; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY; CONSTRUCTION AB The photoproduction of dijet events, where the two jets with the highest transverse energy are separated by a large gap in pseudorapidity, have been studied with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 39 pb(-1). Rapidity-gap events are defined in terms of the energy flow between the jets, such that the total summed transverse energy in this region is less than some value E-T(CUT). The data show a clear excess over the predictions of standard photoproduction models. This is interpreted as evidence for a strongly interacting exchange of a color-singlet object. Monte Carlo models which include such a color-singlet exchange are able to describe the data. C1 Univ Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-1086 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Bonn, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Zeuthen, Germany. 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Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Martinistr 52, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0241-7 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153KG UT WOS:000245431700003 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yagues Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of open beauty production at HERA in the D* mu final state SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; BOTTOM-QUARK PRODUCTION; H1 VERTEX DETECTOR; DEEP-INELASTIC ELECTROPRODUCTION; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; JET FRAGMENTATION; EP COLLISIONS AB The production of beauty quarks with a D-*+/- and a muon in the final state has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 114 pb(-1). Low transverse-momentum thresholds for the muon and D-* meson allow for a measurement of beauty production closer to the production threshold than previous measurements. The beauty signal was extracted using the charge correlations and angular distributions of the muon with respect to the D* meson. Cross sections for photoproduction and deep inelastic scattering are somewhat higher than, but compatible with, next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and compatible with other measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-1086 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 117234, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0257-z PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153KG UT WOS:000245431700004 ER PT J AU Chiarappa, T Farchioni, F Jansen, K Montvay, I Scholz, EE Scorzato, L Sudmann, T Urbach, C AF Chiarappa, T. Farchioni, F. Jansen, K. Montvay, I. Scholz, E. E. Scorzato, L. Sudmann, T. Urbach, C. TI Numerical simulation of QCD with u, d, s and c quarks in the twisted-mass Wilson formulation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; IMPROVED LATTICE ACTION; PHASE-STRUCTURE; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; DYNAMICAL FERMIONS; PHMC ALGORITHM; 2 FLAVORS AB A first study of numerical Monte Carlo simulations with two quark doublets, a mass-degenerate one and a mass-split one, interpreted as u, d, s and c quarks, is carried out in the framework of the twisted mass Wilson lattice formulation. Tuning the bare parameters of this theory is explored on 12(3)center dot 24 and 16(3)center dot 32 lattices at lattice spacings a similar or equal to 0.20 fm and a similar or equal to 0.15 fm, respectively. C1 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ Munster, Inst Theoret Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. NIC, DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. DESY, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ECT, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Univ Liverpool, Dept Math Sci, Theoret Phys Div, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Chiarappa, T (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Piazza Sci 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM istvan.montvay@desy.de NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0204-4 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153KG UT WOS:000245431700010 ER PT J AU Moraes, A Buttar, C Dawson, I AF Moraes, A. Buttar, C. Dawson, I. TI Prediction for minimum bias and the underlying event at LHC energies SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE PARTON SCATTERING; TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; PP INTERACTIONS; MODEL; COLLIDER; PHYSICS; TEV AB In this report we investigate the models employed by PYTHIA and PHOJET Monte Carlo event generators used to describe soft interactions in hadron-hadron collisions. The aim of this study is to predict the important properties of minimum bias and the underlying event at the LHC energy scale. Focusing on a wide range of measurements dominated by soft interactions in proton-proton and proton-anti-proton collisions, one of the aims of this study is to check the consistency of these models when compared to data and evaluate the accuracy of their descriptions of low-p(t) processes. Based on comparisons to a wide range of minimum bias and underlying event data we present a tuning for PYTHIA6.214 and compare it to other PYTHIA tunings. Our proposed tuning for PYTHIA6.214 has been used for the ATLAS Data Challenge productions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Moraes, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM amoraes@bnl.gov RI Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Dawson, Ian/K-6090-2013; Moraes, Arthur/F-6478-2010 OI Moraes, Arthur/0000-0002-5157-5686 NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 435 EP 466 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0239-1 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153KG UT WOS:000245431700015 ER PT J AU Schieck, J Bethke, S Biebel, O Kluth, S Fernandez, PAM Pahl, C AF Schieck, J. Bethke, S. Biebel, O. Kluth, S. Movilla Fernandez, P. A. Pahl, C. CA JADE Collaboration TI Measurement of the strong coupling alpha(s) from the four-jet rate in e(+)e(-) annihilation using JADE data (vol 50, pg 769, 2007) SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Correction C1 Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schieck, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM schieck@mppmu.mpg.de NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 769 EP 769 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0226-6 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 159GJ UT WOS:000245853100025 ER PT J AU Dainiak, N Rai, KR Carsten, A Feinendegen, L AF Dainiak, Nicholas Rai, Kanti R. Carsten, Arland Feinendegen, Ludwig TI Eugene P Cronkite - The man and his science SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Bridgeport Hosp, Bridgeport, CT 06610 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Bridgeport, CT USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Dainiak, N (reprint author), Bridgeport Hosp, 267 Grant St, Bridgeport, CT 06610 USA. EM pndain@bpthosp.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 SU 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.005 PG 3 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 155LA UT WOS:000245577700002 PM 17379080 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE Pollycove, M Neumann, RD AF Feinendegen, Ludwig E. Pollycove, Myron Neumann, Ronald D. TI Whole-body responses to low-level radiation exposure: New concepts in mammalian radiobiology SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Radiation Effects, Hematopoiesis and Malignancy in honor of Eugene P Cronkite CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; BONE-MARROW CELLS; PROTECTIVE RESPONSES; TRITIATED THYMIDINE; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; IRRADIATION AB This review of low dose-induced whole-body effects, especially cancer, shows: 1) Biological systems appear in hierarchy levels of organization, from atoms to molecules, to cells, to tissues and organs, to the whole system; 2) System responses to low-level exposures depend on: quality and number of energy depositions in tissue micromasses (microdoses) being potential triggers to damage and protection; time interval between two microdose events per exposed micromass, that determines cellular responses to the preceding microdose; and responses to microdose events in the system being the target, with the balance between damage and benefit determining the net effect; 3) System responses to acute or chronic low-level exposures evolve from damage to the basic molecular level, mainly to DNA of stem cells, and from adaptive responses that may occur in the whole body. Damage may propagate to successive higher levels of organization, meeting protective barriers which may become upregulated by adaptive responses. The balance between damage and protection at each level per individual depends on tissue dose. At single tissue doses below congruent to 0.1 Gy net benefit tends to outweigh detriment. Thus, progression of damage to clinical disease is not linear; 4) Quality and extent of system responses are under genetic control. Thus, system net responses expectedly vary among individuals; 5) The balance between health risk and benefit of low-level exposure for a given individual may become predictable by gene-expression profiles in control and irradiated cells of this individual; and 6) Clinical trials applying individualized low-level irradiation are justified. (c) 2007 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Dept Nucl Med, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NIH, Dept Nucl Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Dept Nucl Med, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM feinendegen@gmx.net NR 54 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 SU 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.011 PG 10 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 155LA UT WOS:000245577700008 PM 17379086 ER PT J AU Dilmanian, FA Qu, Y Feinendegen, LE Pena, LA Bacarian, T Henn, FA Kalef-Ezra, J Liu, S Zhong, Z McDonald, JW AF Dilmanian, F. Avraham Qu, Yun Feinendegen, Ludwig E. Pena, Louis A. Bacarian, Tigran Henn, Fritz A. Kalef-Ezra, John Liu, Su Zhong, Zhong McDonald, John W. TI Tissue-sparing effect of x-ray microplanar beams particularly in the CNS: Is a bystander effect involved? SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Radiation Effects, Hematopoiesis and Malignancy in honor of Eugene P Cronkite CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID MICROBEAM RADIATION-THERAPY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLIAL PROGENITOR CELLS; SPINAL-CORD; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; TARGETED IRRADIATION; SYNCHROTRON-WIGGLER; UNIRRADIATED CELLS AB Objective. Normal tissues, including the central nervous system, tolerate single exposures to narrow planes of synchrotron-generated x-rays (microplanar beams; microbeams) up to several hundred Gy. The repairs apparently involve the microvasculature and the glial system. We evaluate a hypothesis on the involvement of bystander effects in these repairs. Methods. Confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells were irradiated with three parallel 27-mu m microbeams at 24 Gy. Rats' spinal cords were transaxially irradiated with a single microplanar beam, 270 mu m thick, at 750 Gy; the dose distribution in tissue was calculated. Results. Within 6 hours following irradiation of the cell culture the hit cells died, apparently by apoptosis, were lost, and the confluency was maintained. The spinal cord study revealed a loss of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and myelin in 2 weeks, but by 3 months repopulation and remyelination was nearly complete. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the microbeam dose fell from the peak's 80% to 20% in 9 mu m. Conclusions. In both studies the repair processes could have involved "beneficial" bystander effects leading to tissue restoration, most likely through the release of growth factors, such as cytokines, and the initiation of cell-signaling cascades. In cell culture these events could have promoted fast disappearance of the hit cells and fast structural response of the surviving neighboring cells, while in the spinal cord study similar events could have been promoting angiogenesis to replace damaged capillary blood vessels, and proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the progenitor glial cells to produce new, mature, and functional glial cells. (c) 2007 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Spinal Cord Injury Restorat Treatment & Res Progr, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Dept Nucl Med, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Dilmanian, FA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dilmanian@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [K01-CA76483]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS37927, NS39577, NS43231, R21 NS043231, NS40520] NR 69 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 SU 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.014 PG 9 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 155LA UT WOS:000245577700012 PM 17379090 ER PT J AU Shreeve, WW AF Shreeve, Walton Wallace TI Use of isotopes in the diagnosis of hematopoietic disorders SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Radiation Effects, Hematopoiesis and Malignancy in honor of Eugene P Cronkite CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS; MARROW; ANEMIA AB Isotopes of iron have been paramount in clinical tracer studies of hematopoiesis. Kinetics of disappearance from plasma, appearance in circulating erythrocytes, and localization in general areas of bone marrow, spleen, and liver were early revealed by gamma-/beta-emitting Fe-59 with note of characteristic differences of kind and degree of dysfunction among various anemias. Findings have helped in management (e.g., decisions about splenectomy). Positron/gamma-emitting Fe-52 (better for imaging) has provided more detail on marrow expansion and erythropoietic relocation. Other gamma-emitting tracers of hematopoiesis have been In-111 (linked to transferrin) and technetium 99m (Tc-99m) colloids (localizing to reticuloendothelial cells, which have close association with blood cell progenitors), but Fe-52 has proved to be more accurate for recognition of erythropoiesis. Occasional diverse heterotopic sites of hematopoiesis beyond spleen and liver in states of bone marrow disease have posed diagnostic challenges and also raised questions about migration and/or activation of stem cells. Studies of granulopoiesis utilize Tc-99m-labeled leukocytes or Tc99m-labeled antibodies to circulating and progenitor white cells. Iron-deficiency anemias due to malnutrition, malabsorption, blood loss, or special need are explored by dual study (oral vs intravenous) with radioactive (Fe-59, Fe-55) or stable (Fe-54, Fe-57) iron isotopes, which can guide dietary supplementation. Tests for B-12 deficiency in pernicious anemia or malabsorption with radioisotopes of cobalt (Co-57, Co-58) have been upgraded in sensitivity and scope. Rates of oxidation to expired carbon dioxide from particular carbon (radioactive C-14 or stable C-13)-labeled compounds can test B-12 or folic acid deficiencies or gastric infestation as causes of megaloblastic anemias. (c) 2007 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11713 USA. RP Shreeve, WW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11713 USA. EM wshreeve@optonline.net NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 SU 1 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.027 PG 7 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 155LA UT WOS:000245577700026 PM 17379104 ER PT J AU Andrews, N Lidke, KA Hsieh, G Wilson, BS Oliver, JM Lidke, DS AF Andrews, Nicholas Lidke, Keith A. Hsieh, Genie Wilson, Bridget S. Oliver, Janet M. Lidke, Diane S. TI High affinity IgE receptor diffusional dynamics measured by single quantum dot tracking in resting and activated cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A184 EP A184 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501310 ER PT J AU Chavan, MM Chen, ZQ Li, H Li, HL Lennarz, W AF Chavan, Manasi Manoj Chen, Zhiqiang Li, Hua Li, Huilin Lennarz, William TI Biochemical and structural studies of the oligosaccharyl transferase complex SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1021 EP A1021 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702250 ER PT J AU Chen, C Ma, XC Malfatti, MA Krausz, KW Kimura, S Felton, JS Idle, JR Gonzalez, FJ AF Chen, Chi Ma, Xiaochao Malfatti, Michael A. Krausz, Kristopher W. Kimura, Shioko Felton, James S. Idle, Jeffery R. Gonzalez, Frank J. TI A metabolomic investigation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) metabolism in the mouse SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 NCI, NIH, Lab Metab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A813 EP A813 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700365 ER PT J AU Genick, UK Coureux, PD Fan, ZP Stojanoff, V AF Genick, Ulrich Karl Coureux, Pierre Damien Fan, Zi Peng Stojanoff, Vivian TI Picometer-scale conformational heterogeneity separates functional from non-functional states of a photoreceptor protein SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A638 EP A638 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505202 ER PT J AU Harrison, JF Klok, CJ Lee, WK Socha, J AF Harrison, Jon F. Klok, C. Jaco Lee, Wah-Keat Socha, Jake TI Effects of multi-generational exposure to varied atmospheric oxygen levels on body size and tracheal dimensions of fruitflies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Expt Facilities Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1398 EP A1398 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708705333 ER PT J AU Howarth, MS Schlegel, TT Knapp, CF Patwardhan, AR Jenkins, RA Ilgner, RH Evans, JM AF Howarth, Mark S. Schlegel, Todd T. Knapp, Charles F. Patwardhan, Abhijit R. Jenkins, Roger A. Ilgner, Ralph H. Evans, Joyce M. TI Cardiac autonomic effects of acute exposures to airborne particulates in men and women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Biomed Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A566 EP A566 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708504467 ER PT J AU Jayanthi, AK Evans, JM Mahadevappa, M Knapp, CF Patwardhan, AR Jenkins, RA Ilgner, RH Hartman, EA AF Jayanthi, Ashwin Kumar Evans, Joyce M. Mahadevappa, Manjunatha Knapp, Charles F. Patwardhan, Abhijit R. Jenkins, Roger A. Ilgner, Ralph H. Hartman, Eric A. TI Human cardio-respiratory responses to airborne particles SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Biomed Engn, Wenner Gren Res Lab, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CustomKyNetics Inc, Versailles, KY 40383 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A566 EP A566 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708504466 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Hou, JT Jun, SR Sims, GE Choi, IG AF Kim, Sung-Hou Hou, Jingtong Jun, Se-Ran Sims, Gregory E. Choi, In-Geol TI Structure, function, and evolution mapping of the protein structure universe SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut ID SPACE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Choi, In-Geol/F-3152-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1003 EP A1003 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702163 ER PT J AU Laubenthal, J Baumgartner, A Weier, JF Weier, HUG AF Laubenthal, Julian Baumgartner, Adolf Weier, Jingly F. Weier, Heinz-Ulli G. TI High resolution multi-color detection of oncogenic rearrangements in single cells - Molecular staging of tumors based on their 'oncogene rearrangement status' SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, LSD, MS 74157, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A754 EP A754 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700094 ER PT J AU Lykidis, A AF Lykidis, Athanasios TI Genomics and evolution of eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A976 EP A976 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702025 ER PT J AU McNeil, LK Cohoon, M Hwang, K Kubal, M Margaryan, GR Parrello, B Xia, F Zinner, J Stevens, R AF McNeil, Leslie Klis Cohoon, Matthew Hwang, Kaitlyn Kubal, Michael Margaryan, Gohar Rem Parrello, Bruce Xia, Fangfang Zinner, Jenifer Stevens, Rick TI In silico screening of drug targets against thousands of select compounds SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Illinois, NCSA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, MCS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fellowship Interpretat Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A626 EP A626 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505141 ER PT J AU Soltani-Bejnood, M Fletcher, S Morris, J Das, S Voy, BH Moustaid-Moussa, N AF Soltani-Bejnood, Morvarid Fletcher, Sarah Morris, Jeffrey Das, Suchita Voy, Brynn H. Moustaid-Moussa, Naima TI Overexpression of renin in the liver impairs glucose tolerance SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A831 EP A831 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700449 ER PT J AU Stayton, MM Keele, JA Harpster, MH Bandyopadhyay, S McCormick, RJ Thomas, DP AF Stayton, Mark M. Keele, Jacque A. Harpster, Mark H. Bandyopadhyay, Somnath McCormick, Richard J. Thomas, D. Paul TI Enzymes of L-arginine metabolism and their regional induction in the heart following myocardial infarction SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Dept Energy, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1404 EP A1404 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708705364 ER PT J AU Tang, WJ Shen, YQ Joachimiak, A Rosner, M Li, PY AF Tang, Wei-Jen Shen, Yuequan Joachimiak, Andrzej Rosner, Marsha Li, Pengyun TI Structural-and biochemical analyses of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Chicago, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A648 EP A648 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505255 ER PT J AU Thomas, DP Harpster, MH Bandyopadhyay, S Keele, JA McCormick, RJ Stayton, MM AF Thomas, D. Paul Harpster, Mark H. Bandyopadhyay, Somnath Keele, Jacque A. McCormick, Richard J. Stayton, Mark M. TI Changes in the mouse cardiac transcriptome post-myocardial infarction predict disruption of L-arginine metabolism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Dept Energy, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1405 EP A1405 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708705365 ER PT J AU Voy, B Nakata, C Malm, I Kalupahana, N Moustaid-Moussa, N Chesler, E Webbs, L AF Voy, Brynn Nakata, Chiaki Malm, Ian Kalupahana, Nishan Moustaid-Moussa, Naima Chesler, Elissa Webbs, Lisa TI Systems genetics: elucidating networks that underlie heritable variation in adipose function SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Earlham Coll, Dept Biol, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1353 EP A1353 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708705123 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Weier, JF Baumgartner, A AF Weier, H. -Ulli G. Weier, Jingly F. Baumgartner, Adolf TI Chromosorne-specific DNA repeat probes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A774 EP A774 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700188 ER PT J AU Yeager, CM Kornosky, JL Morgan, RE Cain, EC Garcia-Pichel, F Housman, DC Belnap, J Kuske, CR AF Yeager, Chris M. Kornosky, Jennifer L. Morgan, Rachael E. Cain, Elizabeth C. Garcia-Pichel, Ferran Housman, David C. Belnap, Jayne Kuske, Cheryl R. TI Three distinct clades of cultured heterocystous cyanobacteria constitute the dominant N-2-fixing members of biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; nitrogen fixation; nifH; biological soil crust; Nostoc; Scytonema ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MICROCOLEUS-CHTHONOPLASTES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DESERT CRUSTS; LAKE BONNEY; ICE COVER; SP-NOV AB The identity of the numerically dominant N-2-fixing bacteria in biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau region and two outlying areas was determined using multiple approaches, to link the environmental diversity of nifH gene sequences to cultured bacterial isolates from the regions. Of the nifH sequence-types detected in soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau, 89% (421/473) were most closely related to nifH signature sequences from cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales. N-2-fixing cyanobacterial strains were cultured from crusts and their morphotypes, 16S rRNA gene and nifH gene sequences were characterized. The numerically dominant diazotrophs in the Colorado Plateau crusts fell within three clades of heterocystous cyanobacteria. Two clades are well-represented by phylogenetically and morphologically coherent strains, corresponding to the descriptions of Nostoc commune and Scytonema hyalinum, which are widely recognized as important N-2-fixing components of soil crusts. A third, previously-overlooked clade was represented by a phylogenetically coherent but morphologically diverse group of strains that encompass the morphogenera Tolypothrix and Spirirestis. Many of the strains in each of these groups contained at least two nifH copies that represent different clusters in the nifH environmental survey. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 63 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00265.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 145SC UT WOS:000244883800009 PM 17381526 ER PT J AU Mikkola, MS Rockward, T Uribe, FA Pivovar, BS AF Mikkola, M. S. Rockward, T. Uribe, F. A. Pivovar, B. S. TI The effect of NaCl in the cathode air stream on PEMFC performance SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lucerne Fuel Cell Forum CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Luzern, SWITZERLAND DE cathode impurities; fuel cell; NaCl; PEMFC ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; OXYGEN REDUCTION; CHLORIDE; ELECTRODES; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; PT(111) AB In this contribution, the effects of sodium chloride in the cathode side air stream of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were studied, since it is present in the atmosphere in many fuel cell operating environments, especially at coastal regions and on roads where NaCl is used as a deicer. The effect on PEMFC performance was investigated by injecting NaCl solution into the cathode side air stream of an operating fuel cell. The most significant effect of NaCl under test conditions is the replacement of H+ by Na+ in the ionomer, lowering performance by reducing proton conductivity. In addition, NaCl was found to absorb into the graphite components, making them a potential long-term NaCl source after the initial exposure. In contrast to expectations, chloride ions did not appear to effect performance of the cell and the overall magnitude of the effects due to NaCl introduction were smaller than expected. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Adv Energy Syst, Helsinki 02015, Finland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mikkola, MS (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Adv Energy Syst, POB 2200, Helsinki 02015, Finland. EM mikko.mikkola@tkk.fi RI Mikkola, Mikko/F-8881-2012 OI Mikkola, Mikko/0000-0001-5618-9699 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1002/fuce.200600206 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 162UK UT WOS:000246114800008 ER PT J AU Greenwald, M Basse, N Bonoli, P Bravenec, R Edlund, E Ernst, D Fiore, C Granetz, R Hubbard, A Hughes, J Hutchinson, I Irby, J LaBombard, B Lin, L Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Marmar, E Mikkelsen, D Mossessian, D Phillps, P Porkolab, M Rice, J Rowan, W Scott, S Snipes, J Terry, J Wolfe, S Wukitch, S Zhurovich, K AF Greenwald, M. Basse, N. Bonoli, P. Bravenec, R. Edlund, E. Ernst, D. Fiore, C. Granetz, R. Hubbard, A. Hughes, J. Hutchinson, I. Irby, J. LaBombard, B. Lin, L. Lin, Y. Lipschultz, B. Marmar, E. Mikkelsen, D. Mossessian, D. Phillps, P. Porkolab, M. Rice, J. Rowan, W. Scott, S. Snipes, J. Terry, J. Wolfe, S. Wukitch, S. Zhurovich, K. TI Confinement and transport research in Alcator C-Mod SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic confinement; Alcator C-Mod; tokamak ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; L-H TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TURBULENCE; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; IMPURITY TRANSPORT; DIII-D; PEDESTAL CHARACTERISTICS; PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; TOROIDAL ROTATION; TOKAMAK PLASMAS AB Global and local transport experiments in ohmic, L-mode and H-mode regimes on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak are summarized. For ohmic plasmas, earlier results derived for energy confinement scaling in the Alcator (linear) regime have been confirmed, and the saturated confinement regime has been shown to be equivalent to that of L-mode. For auxiliary heated regimes, C-Mod provided a unique laboratory to test the standard scaling laws that had been previously derived. C-Mod's L-mode performance matches the L-mode scaling laws quite well, but the confinement times in H-mode were about 50% above the existing H-mode scaling laws. This difference was significant and pointed up shortcomings in the range and conditioning of the existing database. H-mode studies emphasize quasi-steady regimes with good energy confinement, no impurity accumulation, and no large edge-localized modes. A new H-mode regime, where the pedestal is regulated by a continuous quasi-coherent mode, has been investigated extensively. The regime is most accessible at higher safety factor, triangularity, and collisionality and at low ion mass, suggesting that the mode is a form of resistive ballooning. Studies on C-Mod first showed the quantitative link between edge temperatures, core temperature gradients, and core confinement. This link unified L-mode and H-mode and established a strong connection between local and global transport. Further work on the role of critical gradient lengths and marginal stability lent quantitative support to the ion temperature gradient theories for ion transport and have helped elucidate nonlinear saturation mechanisms for the turbulence. Local transport studies demonstrated connections between transport channels, with energy, particle, and momentum transport varying across regimes in similar ways. Experiments carried out in collaboration with the DIII-D, ASDEX-U, and JET groups confirmed the dimensionless scaling approach over the widest available range in machine sizes. These studies suggest that plasma physics is the dominant influence on transport in the core and pedestal for standard L- and H-mode discharges. Dimensionless scaling experiments have shown a strong improvement in confinement with the normalized gyro size (1/rho*). Confinement was found to be Bohm-like in L-mode and gyro-Bohm-like in H-mode. These experiments also showed a strong degradation in confinement with collisionality. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Greenwald, M (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM g@psfc.mit.edu RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; Hutchinson, Ian/D-1136-2009; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010; Lin, Liang/H-2255-2011; Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; OI Hutchinson, Ian/0000-0003-4276-6576; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809; Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Basse, Nils/0000-0002-4513-8869; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 87 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 266 EP 287 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 164EH UT WOS:000246215700004 ER PT J AU Terry, JL LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Greenwald, MJ Rice, JE AF Terry, J. L. LaBombard, B. Lipschultz, B. Greenwald, M. J. Rice, J. E. TI The scrape-off layer in Alcator C-Mod: Transport, turbulence, and flows SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scrape-off layer; turbulence; plasma flows ID HIGH-FIELD SIDE; DIII-D; DIVERTOR GEOMETRY; EDGE TURBULENCE; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL ROTATION; PLASMA PROFILES; DENSITY PROFILE; MAIN-CHAMBER; SOL WIDTH AB Research on the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma of the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak is reviewed. The research has focused on understanding the transport of energy and particles both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Large differences between the inboard, high-field side SOL and the outboard, low-field side are found. On the outboard side large levels of anomalous cross-field transport of heat and particles exist, with important and far-reaching consequences on recycling, power handling, plasma flows, and possibly core-plasma density limits and rotation. The phenomenon of main chamber recycling is discussed. Parallel and perpendicular transport, together with the heat and particle sources, determine the plasma profiles in the SOL, and these profiles show qualitative differences between near- and far-SOL regions. Particle transport in the near SOL exhibits a strong scaling with collisionality, while transport in the far SOL is clearly convective, with little obvious dependence on collisionality. The anomalously large magnitudes of perpendicular transport are the result of turbulence. Turbulent structures, "blobs," are largely responsible, and their characteristics have been examined. The turbulent structures are approximately aligned with the field and have k(parallel to) << k(perp). Their characteristic size perpendicular to the field is similar to 1 cm, and their characteristic lifetime is similar to 1 to 50 mu s. The turbulent structures move both radially out-ward and poloidally at speeds up to similar to 1 km/s. Evidence that this turbulent transport may play an important role in the core-plasma density limit is presented. Much lower levels of turbulence and no blobs are observed in the high-field-side SOL. For single-null magnetic configurations, plasma in the inboard SOL appears to be almost entirely a result of plasma flow along field lines from the low-field side. Strong parallel flows with sensitivity to magnetic topology are found, along with strong evidence for momentum coupling between these SOL flows and core toroidal rotation. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM terry@psfc.mit.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 342 EP 356 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 164EH UT WOS:000246215700008 ER PT J AU Rice, JE Terry, IL Fournier, KB Marmar, ES AF Rice, J. E. Terry, I. L. Fournier, K. B. Marmar, E. S. TI Core atomic physics studies in Alcator C-Mod SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; X-rays; tokamaks ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; 2L-NL' TRANSITIONS; SATELLITE SPECTRA; COMPLEX SPECTRA; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CHARGE STATES; IONS; AUTOIONIZATION; COEFFICIENTS AB The Rydberg series (1s(2) to 1snp) up to n = 14 of helium-like argon (Z = 18) has been observed from Alcator C-Mod plasmas using a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer array. High-n satellites to these lines of the form 1s(2)2s to 1s2snp and 1s(2)2p to 1s2pnp with 3 <= n <= 12 have been recorded. X-ray spectra of 21 - nl' transitions with 3 <= n <= 18 in molybdenum (Z = 42) and 3 <= n :5 12 in krypton (Z = 36) and niobium (Z = 41) from charge states around neon-like have also been measured. Numerous examples of the configuration interaction, which alters the line intensities in some transitions of neon-like ions with nearly degenerate upper levels, have been observed. Accurate wavelengths of all of these transitions (+/-0.5 m angstrom) have been determined by comparison to neighboring reference lines from H- and He-like charge states. Line identifications have been made by comparison to ab initio atomic structure calculations, using a fully relativistic, parametric potential code. Measured line intensities have been compared with collisional radiative modeling that includes the contributions from dielectronic recombination and inner shell excitation rates, with good agreement. C1 MIT, PLasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rice, JE (reprint author), MIT, PLasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rice@psfc.mit.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 164EH UT WOS:000246215700014 ER PT J AU Basse, NP Dominguez, A Edlund, EM Fiore, CL Granetz, RS Hubbard, AE Hughes, JW Hutchinson, IH Irby, JH LaBombard, B Lin, L Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Liptac, JE Marmar, ES Mossessian, DA Parker, RR Porkolab, M Rice, JE Snipes, JA Tang, V Terry, JL Wolfe, SM Wukitch, SJ Zhurovich, K Bravenec, RV Phillips, PE Rowan, WL Kramer, GI Schilling, G Scott, SD Zweben, SJ AF Basse, N. P. Dominguez, A. Edlund, E. M. Fiore, C. L. Granetz, R. S. Hubbard, A. E. Hughes, J. W. Hutchinson, I. H. Irby, J. H. LaBombard, B. Lin, L. Lin, Y. Lipschultz, B. Liptac, J. E. Marmar, E. S. Mossessian, D. A. Parker, R. R. Porkolab, M. Rice, J. E. Snipes, J. A. Tang, V. Terry, J. L. Wolfe, S. M. Wukitch, S. J. Zhurovich, K. Bravenec, R. V. Phillips, P. E. Rowan, W. L. Kramer, G. I. Schilling, G. Scott, S. D. Zweben, S. J. TI Diagnostic systems on Alcator C-Mod SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE diagnostics; Alcator C-Mod; tokamak ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; THOMSON SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS; DETACHED DIVERTOR DISCHARGES; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; FULL-WAVE SIMULATION; HIGH-FIELD SIDE; ALPHA H-MODE; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS AB An overview of the diagnostics installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is presented. Approximately 25 diagnostic systems are being operated on C-Mod. The compact design of the machine and the cryostat enclosing the vacuum vessel and magnetic field coils make access challenging. Diagnostics are used to study four focus areas: transport, plasma boundary, waves, and macrostability. There is significant overlap between these topics, and they all contribute toward the burning plasma and advanced tokamak thrusts. Several advanced and novel diagnostics contribute to the investigation of C-Mod plasmas, e.g., electron cyclotron emission, phase-contrast imaging, gas puff imaging, probe measurements, and active magnetohydrodynamic antennas. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Basse, NP (reprint author), ABB Switzerland Ltd, Corpaorate Res, SegelHofstr 1, CH-5405 Baden, Switzerland. EM nils.basse@ch.abb.com RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; Hutchinson, Ian/D-1136-2009; Lin, Liang/H-2255-2011; Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; OI Hutchinson, Ian/0000-0003-4276-6576; Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Basse, Nils/0000-0002-4513-8869 NR 167 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3 BP 476 EP 507 PG 32 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 164EH UT WOS:000246215700016 ER PT J AU Gil-Garcia, JR Martinez-Moyano, IJ AF Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon Martinez-Moyano, Ignacio J. TI Understanding the evolution of e-government: The influence of systems of rules on public sector dynamics SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information Systems CY DEC 12-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE government; electronic government; digital government; evolution of e-government; performance; accountability; systems of rules ID ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES; LOCAL GOVERNMENTS; SOCIAL-CONTROL; PERFORMANCE; CULTURE; CITIES; MODEL; STATE AB Electronic government has been defined as the use of information and communication technologies in government settings. However, it is neither a homogeneous nor a static phenomenon. Recent empirical studies have identified two important dynamics in e-government evolution. First, e-government in general has evolved from its initial presence on the Internet to more transactional and integrated applications. Second, at the aggregate level and as a general trend, national governments have started adding technological and organizational sophistication and state and local governments have followed. Based on the study of systems of rules, this paper argues that these two dynamics in the evolution of e-government are, at least in part, the result of pressures from public managers attempting to solve problems and from citizens, businesses, and other stakeholders, attempting to control the actions of public managers. Both forces, related to performance and accountability, respectively, have promoted change in the systems of rules governing the design, implementation, and use of e-government initiatives. Specifically, they have generated a cycle that continually increases technological and organizational sophistication in e-government initiatives and have also promoted the episodic and evolving adoption of similar features across levels of government. These two related evolutionary dynamics and the characterization of e-government as systems of rules and standards have some important policy implications, which are briefly discussed at the end of the paper. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, Ctr Technol Govt, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Harvard Univ, Natl Ctr Digital Govt, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gil-Garcia, JR (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Ctr Technol Govt, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM jgil-garcia@ctg.albany.edu RI Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon/A-9636-2009; 李, 明/K-3922-2015 NR 82 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PD APR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 266 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2006.04.005 PG 25 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 164IA UT WOS:000246225800002 ER PT J AU Hammond, WT Bradley, EL Welsh, RE Qian, JG Weisenberger, AG Smith, MF Majewski, S Saha, MS AF Hammond, William T. Bradley, Eric L. Welsh, Robert E. Qian, Jianguo Weisenberger, Andrew G. Smith, Mark F. Majewski, Stan Saha, Margaret S. TI A gamma camera re-evaluation of potassium iodide blocking efficiency in mice SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE iodine; I-125; mice; potassium iodide ID THYROID-BLOCKING; RADIOIODINE UPTAKE; SODIUM/IODIDE-SYMPORTER; RADIATION PROTECTION; STABLE IODIDE; CANCER; I-131; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN AB The protection of the thyroid against radioiodine uptake has been an important safety concern for decades. After several studies examined potassium iodide blockade efficacy in the 1960's and 1970's, a standard dosage was prescribed by both the World Health Organization and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this paper, we tested the effectiveness of a scaled version of that standard dosage in comparison to higher doses in mice. A novel gamma camera was employed with a high spatial resolution for precisely quantifying activity within the thyroid and a field of view large enough to image the entire mouse body. Thyroid and wholebody I-125 biodistribution was analyzed immediately after exposure and 1 and 7 days later. It was found that I h after exposure five times the scaled human dose blocked thyroid uptake about 40% more effectively than the 1X scaled dose. Even after 1 d and 7 d, five times the recommended scaled human dose blocked approximately 10% more effectively than the 1X dose. These data suggest the need for continued evaluation of the effectiveness of KI as a blocking agent and the application of novel, non-invasive technologies to this important human health issue. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Saha, MS (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Millington Hall, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM mssaha@wm.edu RI Qian, Jianguo/B-3663-2010; OI Hammond, William/0000-0001-9535-7974 FU NCI NIH HHS [BC046053]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R15 EB000458-02, R15 EB000458-01] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 4 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000252322.45350.ee PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 145ZP UT WOS:000244904600010 PM 17351505 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Nishisaka, Y Kumagai, K Kogerler, P Borsa, F AF Furukawa, Y. Nishisaka, Y. Kumagai, K. Koegerler, P. Borsa, F. TI Magnetic properties of Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet V15 cluster studied by NMR SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions/18th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (HFI/NQI 2007) CY AUG 05-10, 2007 CL Igauza Falls, ARGENTINA DE spin frustration; nanoscale molecular magnets; NMR ID EXCITATIONS; V-15 AB The magnetic properties of an s=1/2 Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet V15 have been studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at very low temperature down to 100 mK using a He(3)-He(4) dilution refrigerator. In total spin S(T)=3/2 ground state above 2.7 Tesla, proton spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T(1)) shows thermally activated behavior as a function of temperature. On the other hand, a temperature independent behavior of 1/T(1) at very low temperatures is observed in frustrated S(T)=1/2 ground state below 2.7 Tesla. Possible origins for the peculiar behavior of 1/T(1) will be discussed in terms of magnetic fluctuations due to spin frustration. C1 [Furukawa, Y.; Nishisaka, Y.; Kumagai, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Koegerler, P.; Borsa, F.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Borsa, F.] A Volta & Unita INFM Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM furu@phys.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD APR PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9614-z PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 351YU UT WOS:000259462700011 ER PT J AU Norman, BC AF Norman, Bradley C. TI Power options for wireless sensor networks SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB To combat the security threats of the 21(st) century it is increasingly necessary to protect ever-remote terrain with wireless sensor surveillance. These systems must be self-sustaining to ensure they are constantly operational. Sandia developed a software simulation tool to validate a variety of renewable energy sources for commercial needs. While this software is heavily used in industry it has yet to be fully applied to wireless sensor networks. Based on simulated solar energy yields two different solar energy systems were designed, built, and deployed to the field. In the time since the solar energy power supplies were deployed, zero hours have been spent on maintenance and it was not necessary to replace a single battery. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Norman, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MAES.2007.351726 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 156XX UT WOS:000245684300004 ER PT J AU Norman, BC Adams, DG AF Norman, Bradley C. Adams, Douglas G. TI Virtual perimeter security (VPS) in a physical protection system SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB There is a need to provide response force personnel with advanced warning of intruder activity in rough terrain outside the traditional facility perimeter. Often the land surrounding a high consequence facility is remote and difficult to sensor with conventional long-range detection systems. In order to combat this difficult problem, Sandia has investigated, developed, and fielded a wireless sensor network that demonstrated the value of providing advanced information of adversary activities. The project used wireless technologies to detect and assess intruders in remote "un-engineered" terrain around a fixed facility. In the time since the wireless intrusion detection system was fielded, minimal time has been spent on maintenance and no batteries required replacement. Sandia's wireless sensor network provides advanced warning of intruder activities and its installation will improve the security posture of a facility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Norman, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1109/MAES.2007.351716 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 156XX UT WOS:000245684300007 ER PT J AU Campbell, MWL Chiasson, J Bodson, M Tolbert, LM AF Campbell, Mengwei Li Chiasson, John Bodson, Marc Tolbert, Leon M. TI Speed sensorless identification of the rotor time constant in induction machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE induction motor; parameter identification; rotor time constant ID MOTOR AB A method is proposed to estimate the rotor time constant T-R of an induction motor without measurements of the rotor speed/position. The method consists of solving for the roots of a polynomial equation in T-R whose coefficients depend only on the stator currents, stator voltages, and their derivatives. Experimental results are presented. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Campbell, MWL (reprint author), Gen Motors Corp, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. EM mengwei.campbell@gm.com; johnchiasson@boises-tate.edu; bodson@ee.utah.edu; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 21 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 758 EP 763 DI 10.1109/TAC.2007.894548 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 159KX UT WOS:000245865700023 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Hamilton, CA Deaver, D Parks, H Wood, BM AF Tang, Yi-hua Hamilton, Clark A. Deaver, David Parks, Harold Wood, Barry M. TI The seventh intercomparison of Josephson voltage standards in north America SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electronmagnetic Measurements (CPEM 06) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Torino, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Ricerca Metrol, Politecn Torino, Univ Torino DE compact Josephson voltage standard (CJVS); interlaboratory comparison (ILC); JVS; uncertainty; Zener standard AB The seventh interlaboratory comparison of Josephson voltage standards (JVS) at 10 V, sponsored by the National Conference of Standard Laboratories International, took place from April to October 2005 with 15 participating laboratories. A traveling JVS system of the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used to make five comparisons with the subpivot laboratories. This paper describes the protocol used for the JVS intercomparison and the improvements achieved by the use of the transportable JVS. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. VMetrix LLC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Fluke Corp, Everett, WA 98206 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.890797 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 149OT UT WOS:000245157000089 ER PT J AU White, DA Fasenfest, BJ AF White, Daniel A. Fasenfest, Benjamin J. TI Performance of low-rank QR approximation of the finite element Biot-Savart law SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field computation CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE Biot-Savart law; eddy currents; electromagnetic diffusion; Maxwell's equations ID ALGORITHM AB In this paper, we present a low-rank QR method for evaluating the discrete Biot-Savart law. Our goal is to develop an algorithm that is easily implemented on parallel computers. It is assumed that the known current density and the unknown magnetic field are both expressed in a finite-element expansion, and we wish to compute the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in the basis function expansion of the magnetic field. The matrix that maps the current DOF to the field DOF is full, but if the spatial domain is properly partitioned the matrix can be written as a block matrix, with blocks representing distant interactions being low rank and having a compressed QR representation. While an octree partitioning of the matrix may be ideal, for ease of parallel implementation, we employ a partitioning based on number of processors. The rank of each block (i.e., the compression) is determined by the specific geometry and is computed dynamically. In this paper, we provide the algorithmic details and present computational results for large-scale computations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM white37@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 SI SI BP 1485 EP 1488 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892274 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 151YM UT WOS:000245327200085 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Dragone, A Grosholz, J O'Connor, P Vernon, E AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Dragone, Angelo Grosholz, Joe O'Connor, Paul Vernon, Emerson TI ASIC with multiple energy discrimination for high-rate photon counting applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASIC; CdZnTe; high-rate; photon counting ID READOUT ASICS; PILE-UP; DETECTOR; AMPLIFIERS; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB An ASIC for high rate photon counting measurements with multiple energy discrimination is presented. Optimized for pixelated CdZnTe sensors, the ASIC is composed of 64 channels with low-noise charge preamplification, high-order shaping (40 ns minimum peaking time), and five window-discriminators with associated 16-bit counters. An efficient readout scheme allows simultaneous measurement and readout through a 60 MHz 16-bit output bus. The ASIC architecture and experimental results are reported, and the impact of the shaper order on the resolution, ballistic deficit, and pile-up is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. eV PROD, Div II VI Inc, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.892650 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 163PC UT WOS:000246171100002 ER PT J AU Bott, SC Lebedev, SV Bland, SN Chittenden, JP Hall, GN Vidal, FAS Marocchino, A Palmer, JBA Ampleford, DJ Jennings, CA AF Bott, Simon C. Lebedev, Sergey V. Bland, S. N. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Hall, Gareth N. Suzuki Vidal, Francisco A. Marocchino, Alberto Palmer, James B. A. Ampleford, David J. Jennings, Chris A. TI The formation of precursor structures in cylindrical and "4 x 4" wire arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Plasma Science CY JUN, 2006 CL Traverse City, MI SP IEEE DE precursor column; precursor plasma; wire-array; Z-pinches ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; DYNAMICS; IMPLOSIONS AB This paper summarizes observations of precursor-column formation in cylindrical wire arrays on the 1-MA MAGPIE generator at Imperial College London. Direct experimental measurements of the diameter variation during the collapse and formation phase of the precursor column taken from gated soft X-ray images are presented. Three stages in precursor-column formation are identifiable from the data: broad initial density profile, rapid contraction to small diameter, and slow expansion after formation. The variation in the minimum diameter is measured for several materials, and data show good agreement with a pressure-balance model. Stability calculations suggest that the fraction of the drive current flowing the precursor column is < 1% for Al arrays and similar to 2% for W. "4 x 4" arrays show the formation of local precursor columns close to the wire position, which exhibit differences in stability depending on the wire separation. This may be related to deceleration of the plasma flow by the B-field or current convection in the flow. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. AWE Plc, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. RP Bott, SC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. EM S.Bott@imperial.ac.uk; S.Lebedev@imperial.ac.uk; SN.Bland@imperial.ac.uk; J.Chittenden@imperial.ac.uk; Gareth.Hall@imperial.ac.uk; F.Suzuki@imperial.ac.uk; A.Marocchino@imperial.ac.uk; James.Palmer@imperial.ac.uk; DAMPLEF@Sandia.gov; CJENNIN@Sandia.gov RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015; Marocchino, Alberto/E-3571-2016 OI Marocchino, Alberto/0000-0002-5287-8355 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.893253 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 160BB UT WOS:000245910700006 ER PT J AU Yushkov, GY Anders, A AF Yushkov, Georgy Yu Anders, Andre TI Cathodic vacuum arc plasma of thallium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodic vacuum arcs; ion charge states; ion velocity; thallium ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Thallium arc plasma was investigated in a vacuum arc ion source. As expected from previous considerations of cathode materials in the Periodic Table of Elements, thallium plasma shows leadlike behavior. Its mean ion charge state exceeds 2.0 immediately after arc triggering and diminishes to the predicted 1.60 and 1.45 after about 100 and 150 mu s, respectively. The most likely ion velocity is initially 8000-m/s and decays to 6500 and 6200 m/s after 100 and 150 mu s, respectively. Both ion charge states and ion velocities decay further toward steady-state values, which are not reached within the 300-mu s pulses used here. It is argued that the exceptionally high vapor pressure and charge exchange reactions are associated with the establishment of steady-state ion values. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yushkov, GY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 516 EP 517 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.893265 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 160BH UT WOS:000245911300023 ER PT J AU Fuchs, EF Roesler, DJ Masoum, MAS AF Fuchs, E. F. Roesler, D. J. Masoum, M. A. S. TI Closure on "Are harmonic recommendations according to IEEE and IEC too restrictive?" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID 3-PHASE TRANSFORMERS; OPTIMAL PLACEMENT; CAPACITOR BANKS; LOADS; VOLTAGE C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Fuchs, EF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ewald.Fuchs@col-orado.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.893942 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 155TA UT WOS:000245599900070 ER PT J AU Buerger, SP Hogan, N AF Buerger, Stephen P. Hogan, Neville TI Complementary stability and loop shaping for improved human-robot interaction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE actuators; control systems; force control; haptics; man-machine systems; robots ID FORCE CONTROL; MANIPULATORS; POSTURE AB Robots intended for high-force interaction with humans face particular challenges to achieve performance and stability. They require low and tunable endpoint impedance as well as high force capacity, and demand actuators with low intrinsic impedance, the ability to exhibit high impedance (relative to the human subject), and a high ratio of force to weight. Force-feedback control can be used to improve actuator performance, but causes well-known interaction stability problems. This paper presents a novel method to design actuator controllers for physically interactive machines. A loop-shaping design method is developed from a study of fundamental differences between interaction control and the more common servo problem. This approach addresses the interaction problem by redefining stability and performance, using a computational approach to search parameter spaces and displaying variations in performance as control parameters are adjusted. A measure of complementary stability is introduced, and the coupled stability problem is transformed to a robust stability problem using limited knowledge of the environment dynamics (in this case, the human). Design examples show that this new measure improves performance beyond the current best-practice stability constraint (passivity). The controller was implemented on an interactive robot, verifying stability and performance. Testing showed that the new controller out-performed a state-of-the-art controller on the same system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst Robot & Cybernet Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Buerger, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst Robot & Cybernet Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbuerge@sandia.gov; neville@mit.edu NR 33 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 EI 1941-0468 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.1109/TRO.2007.892229 PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 159YT UT WOS:000245904500005 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Ribeiro, Ruy M. Perelson, Alan S. TI Determining thymic output quantitatively: using models to interpret experimental T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) data SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE mathematical modeling; T-cell receptor excision circles; human immunodeficiency virus; anti-retroviral therapy; aging; T cells ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 INFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IN-VIVO; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; RHESUS MACAQUES; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; EMIGRANTS; NAIVE AB T cells develop in the thymus and then are exported to the periphery. As one ages, the lymphoid mass of the thymus decreases, and a concomitant decrease in the ability to produce new T cells results. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects CD4(+) T cells and, hence, can also affect thymic function. Here we discuss experimental techniques and mathematical models that aim to quantify the rate of thymic export. We focus on a recent technique involving the quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). We discuss how proper interpretation of TREC data necessitates the critical development of appropriate mathematical models. We review the theory for interpretation of TREC data during aging, HIV infection, and anti-retroviral treatment. Also, we show how TRECs can be used to accurately quantify thymic output in the context of thymectomy experiments. We show that mathematical models are not only useful but absolutely necessary for these analyses. As such, they should be taken as just another tool in the immunologist's arsenal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555, P20 RR18754]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 84 TC 54 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 216 BP 21 EP 34 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 145ST UT WOS:000244885500003 PM 17367332 ER PT J AU Davenport, MP Ribeiro, RM Zhang, L Wilson, DP Perelson, AS AF Davenport, Miles P. Ribeiro, Ruy M. Zhang, Lei Wilson, David P. Perelson, Alan S. TI Understanding the mechanisms and limitations of immune control of HIV SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE HIV; vaccine; SHIV; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; antibody; mathematical modeling ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CHRONIC VIRAL-INFECTION; ACUTE SIV INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; IN-VIVO; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AB A large number of experimental studies have been performed over the past decade in an attempt to develop a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These studies have used a variety of approaches aimed at stimulating both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity. Many of these experiments have been performed in macaque models of HIV. Analysis and modeling of the results of these studies provide the opportunity to investigate the mechanisms and limitations of viral control by humoral and cell-mediated immunity. These studies suggest that CD8(+) T cells do 'too little too late' to prevent the establishment of viral infection and latency. By contrast, passively administered antibody acts extremely early to reduce the initial inoculum and slow viral growth. In both cases, reduction in peak viral load appears crucial to the maintenance of CD4(+) T cells in acute infection and for effective long-term viral control. The insights gained from studies of simian human immunodeficiency virus infection have important implications for HIV vaccination. However, important questions remain as to whether differences in pathogenesis in HIV will lead to different 'rules of engagement' for immune control of virus. C1 Univ New S Wales, Ctr Vasc Res, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davenport, MP (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Vasc Res, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.davenport@unsw.edu.au RI Wilson, David/G-4614-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18754, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 85 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 216 BP 164 EP 175 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 145ST UT WOS:000244885500013 PM 17367342 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, A Fresquez, TM Naranjo, MJ AF Chaudhary, Anu Fresquez, Theresa M. Naranjo, Michele J. TI Tyrosine kinase Syk associates with toll-like receptor 4 and regulates signaling in human monocytic cells SO IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; lipopolysaccharide; phosphorylation; syk; toll-like receptor ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; PROTEIN; MACROPHAGES; PATHWAY; IL-10; EXPRESSION AB Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induces an innate immune response in mammals by recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we show that tyrosine kinase Syk constitutively associates with TLR4 in THP-1 cells. As previously reported in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, TLR4 gets inducibly tyrosine phosphorylated upon LPS engagement in THP-1 cells. Piceatannol, a pharmacological inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Syk, abrogates TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation at low doses. The kinetics of TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation in THP-1 cells coincides with an early wave of Syk tyrosine phosphorylation. Additionally, serine threonine kinase interleukin-1 (IL1) receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) is transiently recruited to the complex containing adaptor molecule MyD88, TLR4 and Syk within 1 min of LPS engagement and dissociates by 30 min. Finally, the inhibition of Syk with piceatannol has no effect on LPS-mediated release of cytokines IL6, IL1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, neither on chemokines macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)1 alpha, MIP1 beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein -1, IL8, Gro alpha and RANTES. However, IL10 and IL12p40 releases are significantly inhibited. Our findings implicate Syk as a novel modulator of LPS-mediated TLR4 responses in human monocytic cells and shed insight into the kinetics of early complex formation upon LPS engagement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No New Mexico Coll, Espanola, NM USA. RP Chaudhary, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-1,HRL-1,Mail Stop M888,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anu@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0818-9641 J9 IMMUNOL CELL BIOL JI Immunol. Cell Biol. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1038/sj.icb7100030 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 167CH UT WOS:000246427900012 PM 17228323 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, SA Vecchi, PA Ellern, A Angelici, RJ AF Stoffregen, Stacey A. Vecchi, Paul A. Ellern, Arkady Angelici, Robert J. TI A new approach to the stabilization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) coordination to metals: Studies of (eta(5)-C5H4CH2Ph)Ru(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-DBT)(+) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE dibenzothiophene; desulfurization; ruthenium; pi-pi stacking; cyclopentadienyl; HDS ID DEEP DESULFURIZATION; BENZENE DIMER; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; COMPLEXES; CATALYSIS; LIGANDS; DERIVATIVES; CHALLENGES; RUTHENIUM AB One approach to the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from transportation fuels involves the coordination of such compounds to transition metal complexes. We report the design and synthesis of a complex (eta(5)-C5H4CH2Ph)Ru(CO)(2)(eta(1)(S)-DBT)(+) that tests the concept that DBT binding through the sulfur can be augmented by pi-pi stacking interactions between a pendant phenyl group on the cyclopentadienyl ring and the DBT ligand. The crystal structure and kinetic binding studies of (eta(5)-C5H4CH2Ph)Ru(CO)(2)(DBT)(+) are reported and discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelici@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 360 IS 5 BP 1711 EP 1716 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2006.09.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 158DV UT WOS:000245772300038 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liu, CT George, EP Wang, XZ AF Liu, Y. Liu, C. T. George, E. P. Wang, X. Z. TI The Soret effect in bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; glasses; metallic; thermodynamic and thermochemical properties; rapid solidification processing ID SOLUTE IMPURITY DIFFUSION; ZR-CU-AL; THERMAL-DIFFUSION; FORMING ABILITY; ALLOYS; THERMOTRANSPORT; SOLIDIFICATION; STRENGTH; BINDING; ENERGY AB Compositional inhomogeneity induced by the Soret effect was studied in two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs): Zr50Cu50 and Zr50Cu40Al10 (at%), and one Cu-based BMG: Cu60Zr30Ti10 (at%), all of which were prepared by rapid solidification. The concentration of Cu increases from the surface to the interior, while the concentrations of Zr, Ti and Al decrease. The magnitude of the Soret effect is found to be highly dependent on the sample size and interactions between the diffusing atoms in bulk metallic glasses. For the Zr50Cu50 alloy, a large sample size favors the Soret effect, because of the longer diffusion time it affords compared to a small sample. Further, the additions of At and Ti in the Zr-Cu BMGs reduce the magnitude of the Sorel effect by the formation of short-range order and/or inter-atomic clusters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. EM yliu31@utk.edu RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD APR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.09.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 158DT UT WOS:000245772100014 ER PT J AU Scudino, S Eckert, J Yang, XY Sordelet, DJ Schultz, L AF Scudino, S. Eckert, J. Yang, X. Y. Sordelet, D. J. Schultz, L. TI Conditions for quasicrystal formation from mechanically alloyed Zr-based glassy powders SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE nanostructured intermetallics; phase transformations; mechanical alloying and milling; rapid solidification processing ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; AL-CU-NI; METALLIC GLASSES; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; THERMAL-STABILITY; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS AB The absence of quasicrystalline phase formation in mechanically alloyed Zr57Ti8Nb2.5Cu13.9Ni11.1Al7.5 glassy powders with respect to melt-spun ribbon having the same composition has been investigated by analyzing the influence of mechanical deformation, oxygen contamination and chemical composition on quasicrystal (QC) formation. The results suggest that oxygen affects the formation of QCs by selectively reacting with zirconium thus driving the chemical composition of the glassy phase out of the range suitable for QC formation. This hypothesis has been verified by appropriately adjusting the composition of the powders. The addition of an adequate amount of zirconium changes the crystallization behavior inducing the formation of the quasicrystalline phase as the first crystallization product. This implies that if a particular short-range order is necessary for the formation of QCs, it can be achieved also by solid-state processing and therefore the presence of a specific quenched-in short-range order is not a mandatory prerequisite for QC formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IFW Dresden, Inst Komplexe Mat, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Scudino, S (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Komplexe Mat, Postfach 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. EM s.scudino@ifw-dresden.de RI Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010; Scudino, Sergio/D-8049-2015 NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD APR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 571 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.09.005 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 158DT UT WOS:000245772100016 ER PT J AU Saylam, A Ribaucour, M Pitz, WJ Minetti, R AF Saylam, A. Ribaucour, M. Pitz, W. J. Minetti, R. TI Reduction of large detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for autoignition using joint analyses of reaction rates and sensitivities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; DIRECTED RELATION GRAPH; N-HEPTANE; HIGH-PRESSURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SELF-IGNITION; AUTO-IGNITION; OXIDATION; COMBUSTION; MODELS AB This study describes a new technique of reduction of detailed mechanisms for autoignition. It is based on two analysis methods. An analysis of reaction rates is coupled to an analysis of reaction sensitivity for the detection of redundant reactions. Thresholds associated with the two analyses have a great influence on the size and efficiency of the reduced mechanism. Rules of selection of the thresholds are defined. The reduction technique has been successfully applied to detailed autoignition mechanisms of two reference hydrocarbons: n-heptane and isooctane. The efficiency of the technique and the ability of the reduced mechanisms to reproduce well the results generated by the full mechanism are discussed. A speedup of calculations by a factor of 5-9 for n-heptane mechanism and by a factor of 16.7 for isooctane mechanism is obtained without losing accuracy of the prediction of autoignition delay times and concentrations of intermediate species. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Artois, CNRS, UMR 8522, F-62700 Bruay la Buissiere, France. Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CNRS, UMR 8522, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ribaucour, M (reprint author), Univ Artois, CNRS, UMR 8522, Porte Nord, F-62700 Bruay la Buissiere, France. EM marc.ribaucour@univ-lille1.fr NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1002/kin.20232 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 142RY UT WOS:000244668800001 ER PT J AU Tonse, SR Day, MS Brown, NJ AF Tonse, Shaheen R. Day, Marcus S. Brown, Nancy J. TI Dynamic reduction of a CH4/air chemical mechanism appropriate for investigating vortex-flame interactions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS; SITU ADAPTIVE TABULATION; COMPOSITION SPACE; GENERAL-ANALYSIS; REACTING FLOWS; KINETICS; CHEMISTRY; COMBUSTION; IMPLEMENTATION; PRISM AB This paper describes two methods, piecewise reusable implementation of solution mapping (PRISM) and dynamic steady-state approximation (DYSSA), in which chemistry is reduced dynamically to reduce the computational burden in combustion simulations. Each method utilizes the large range in species timescales to reduce the dimensionality to the number of species with slow timescales. The methods are applied within a framework that uses hypercubes to partition multidimensional chemical composition space, where each chemical species concentration, plus temperature, is represented by an axis in space. The dimensionality of the problem is reduced uniquely in each hypercube, but the dimensionality of chemical composition space is not reduced. The dimensionality reduction is dynamic and is different for different hypercubes, thereby escaping the restrictions of global methods in which reductions must be valid for all chemical mixtures. PRISM constructs polynomial equations in each hypercube, replacing the chemical kinetic ordinary differential equation (ODE) system with a set of quadratic polynomials with terms related to the number of species with slow timescales. Earlier versions of PRISM were applied to smaller chemical mechanisms and used all chemical species concentrations as terms. DYSSA is a dynamic treatment of the steady-state approximation and uses the fast-slow timescale separation to determine the set of steady-state species in each hypercube. A reduced number of chemical kinetic ODEs are integrated rather than the original full set. PRISM and DYSSA are evaluated for simulations of a pair of counterrotating vortices interacting with a premixed CH4/air laminar flame. DYSSA is sufficiently accurate for use in combustion simulations, and when relative errors are less than 1.0%, speedups on the order of 3 are observed. PRISM does not perform as well as DYSSA with respect to accuracy and efficiency. Although the polynomial evaluation that replaces the ODE solver is sufficiently fast, polynomials are not reused sufficiently to enable their construction cost to be recovered, (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Sci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tonse, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stonse@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 204 EP 220 DI 10.1002/kin.20227 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 142RY UT WOS:000244668800003 ER PT J AU Angeles, ME Gonzalez, JE Erickson, DJ Hernandez, JL AF Angeles, Moises E. Gonzalez, Jorge E. Erickson, David J., III Hernandez, Jose L. TI Predictions of future climate change in the Caribbean region using global general circulation models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPCC; ERS; LRS; PCM; current Caribbean climate; future Caribbean climate; SSTs; VWS ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; RAINFALL; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE; OCEAN; ENSO; PCM AB Since the 1800s the global average CO2 mixing ratio has increased and has been related to increases in surface air temperature (0.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and variations in precipitation patterns among other weather and climatic variables. The Small Island Developing States (SIDS), according to the 2001 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are likely to be among the most seriously impacted regions on Earth by global climate changes. In this work, three climate change scenarios are investigated using the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) to study the impact of the global anthropogenic CO2 concentration increases on the Caribbean climate. A climatological analysis of the Caribbean seasonal climate variation was conducted employing the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data, the Xie-Arkin precipitation and the Reynolds-Smith Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observed data. The PCM is first evaluated to determine its ability to predict the present time Caribbean climatology. The PCM tends to under predict the SSTs, which along with the cold advection controls the rainfall variability. This seems to be a main source of bias considering the low model performance to predict rainfall activity over the Central and southern Caribbean. Future predictions indicate that feedback processes involving evolution of SST, cloud formation, and solar radiative interactions affect the rainfall annual variability simulated by PCM from 1996 to 2098. At the same time two large-scale indices, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are strongly related with this rainfall annual variability. A future climatology from 2041 to 2058 is selected to observe the future Caribbean condition simulated by the PCM. It shows, during this climatology range, a future warming of approximately 1 degrees C (SSTs) along with an increase in the rain production during the Caribbean wet seasons (early and late rainfall seasons). Although the vertical wind shear is strengthened, it typically remains lower than 8 m/s, which along with SST > 26.5 degrees C provides favorable conditions for possible future increases in tropical storm frequency. Copyright (c) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Angeles, ME (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. EM moises@me.uprm.edu OI Angeles, Moises/0000-0002-5420-6050 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 555 EP 569 DI 10.1002/joc.1416 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166LS UT WOS:000246381000001 ER PT J AU White, CM AF White, C. M. TI OH* chemiluminescence measurements in a direct injection hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemiluminescence; direct injection; hydrogen fuel; internal combustion engine ID PRESSURE AB In an optically accessible single-cylinder engine fuelled with hydrogen, OH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to measure flame propagation characteristics, cycle-to-cycle variability, and to evaluate global trends related to in-cylinder Mixture formation The experiments include measurements for engine operation with hydrogen injection in-cylinder either prior to or after intake valve Closure (IVC). Pre-IVC injection is used to produce a near-homogeneous mixture in-cylinder and to establish a baseline comparison for post-IVC injection. In order to assess the effects of injection pressure on mixture distribution and combustion, two injection pressures of 2.5 and 10 MPa are used for post-IVC injection. High flame propagation speeds and low cycle-to-cycle variability are observed for pre-IVC injection. For post-IVC injection with start of injection (SOI) coincident with IVC, results are similar to pre-IVC injection. With retard of SOI from IVC, mixture inhomogeneities increase monotonically for both injection pressures, but the spatial and temporal development of the mixture distribution differs significantly. Next, using the pre-IVC injection data sets, a functional relationship between the OH* chemiluminescence intensity, cylinder pressure, and equivalence ratio is determined. This functional relationship is then used to extract a semi-quantitative measure of the maximum line-of-sight averaged fuel-air ratio from the OH* chemiluminescence images acquired for post-IVC injection. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cmwhite@sandia.gov RI White, Christopher/E-1669-2011 FU US Department of Energy; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The help of Sachin Desai of Cornell University regarding preliminary, experiments is gratefully acknowledged. Support for this research was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies. The research was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogramme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 185 EP 204 DI 10.1243/14680874JER02206 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 375EZ UT WOS:000261098200003 ER PT J AU Block, G Rubin, MB Morris, J Berryman, JG AF Block, G. Rubin, M. B. Morris, J. Berryman, J. G. TI Simulations of dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials using nodal cohesive forces and continuum damage mechanics in the distinct element code LDEC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE brittle materials; distinct element; damage; dynamic fracture; cohesive model; cosserat; effective medium theory ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FRACTURE DYNAMICS; ARBITRARY PATHS; INSTABILITY; ENERGY; HYPERELASTICITY; GROWTH; SOLIDS; LENGTH AB Experimental data indicates that the limiting crack speed in brittle materials is less than the Rayleigh wave speed. One reason for this is that dynamic instabilities produce surface roughness and microcracks that branch from the main crack. These processes increase dissipation near the crack tip over a range of crack speeds. When the scale of observation (or mesh resolution) becomes much larger than the typical sizes of these features, effective-medium theories are required to predict the coarse-grained fracture dynamics. Two approaches to modeling these phenomena are described and used in numerical simulations. The first approach is based on cohesive elements that utilize a rate-dependent weakening law for the nodal cohesive forces. The second approach uses a continuum damage model which has a weakening effect that lowers the effective Rayleigh wave speed in the material surrounding the crack tip. Simulations in this paper show that while both models are capable of increasing the energy dissipated during fracture when the mesh size is larger than the process zone size, only the continuum damage model is able to limit the crack speed over a range of applied loads. Numerical simulations of straight-running cracks demonstrate good agreement between the theoretical predictions of the combined models and experimental data on dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials. Simulations that model crack branching are also presented. C1 ExxonMobil Res & Eng, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Block, G (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Eng, Corp Strateg Res, 1545 Route 22 E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. EM gareth.i.block@exxonmobil.com; mbrubin@tx.technion.ac.il; morris50@llnl.gov; JGBerryman@lbl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD APR PY 2007 VL 144 IS 3 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10704-007-9085-2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 201MS UT WOS:000248836500002 ER PT J AU Carey, JW Wigand, M Chipera, SJ WoldeGabriel, G Pawar, R Lichtner, PC Wehner, SC Raines, MA Guthrie, GD AF Carey, J. William Wigand, Marcus Chipera, Steve J. WoldeGabriel, Giday Pawar, Rajesh Lichtner, Peter C. Wehner, Scott C. Raines, Michael A. Guthrie, George D., Jr. TI Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years Of CO(2) exposure from the SACROC Unit, West Texas, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY JUN 19-22, 2006 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE sequestration; CO(2) enhanced oil recovery; carbonation; wellbore carbon storage ID CARBONATION AB A core sample including casing, cement, and shale caprock was obtained from a 30-year old CO(2)-flooding operation at the SACROC Unit, located in West Texas. The core was investigated as part of a program to evaluate the integrity of Portland-cement based wellbore systems in CO(2)-sequestration environments. The recovered cement had air permeabilities in the tenth of a milliDarcy range and thus retained its capacity to prevent significant flow of CO(2). There was evidence, however, for CO(2) migration along both the casing-cement and cement-shale interfaces. A 0.1-0.3 cm thick carbonate precipitate occurs adjacent to the casing. The CO(2) producing this deposit may have traveled up the casing wall or may have infiltrated through the casing threads or points of corrosion. The cement in contact with the shale (0.1-1 cm thick) was heavily carbonated to an assemblage of calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and amorphous alumino-silica residue and was transformed to a distinctive orange color. The CO(2) causing this reaction originated by migration along the cement-shale interface where the presence of shale fragments (filter cake) may have provided a fluid pathway. The integrity of the casing-cement and cement-shale interfaces appears to be the most important issue in the performance of wellbore systems in a CO(2) sequestration reservoir. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carey, J. William; Wigand, Marcus; Chipera, Steve J.; WoldeGabriel, Giday; Pawar, Rajesh; Lichtner, Peter C.; Guthrie, George D., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wehner, Scott C.; Raines, Michael A.] Kinder Morgan CO2 Co, Midland, TX USA. RP Carey, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM bcarey@lanl.gov RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 15 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(06)00004-1 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DJ UT WOS:000256440600012 ER PT J AU Wise, M Dooley, J Dahowski, R Dauidson, C AF Wise, Marshall Dooley, James Dahowski, Robert Dauidson, Casie TI Modeling the impacts of climate policy on the deployment of carbon dioxide capture and geologic storage across electric power regions in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY JUN 19-22, 2006 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE carbon dioxide capture and geologic; storage; electric power; climate change AB This paper summarizes the results of a first-of-its-kind holistic, integrated economic analysis of the potential role of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) technologies across the regional segments of the United States (U.S.) electric power sector, over the time frame 20052045, in response to two hypothetical emissions control policies analyzed against two potential energy supply futures that include updated and substantially higher projected prices for natural gas. This paper's detailed analysis is made possible by combining two specialized models developed at Battelle: the Battelle CO2-GIS to determine the regional capacity and cost of CO2 transport and geologic storage; and the Battelle Carbon Management Electricity Model, an electric system optimal capacity expansion and dispatch model, to examine the investment and operation of electric power technologies with CCS against the background of other options. A key feature of this paper's analysis is an attempt to explicitly model the inherent heterogeneities that exist in both the nation's current and future electricity generation infrastructure and in its candidate deep geologic CO2 storage formations. Overall, between 180 and 580 gigawatts (GW) of coal-fired integrated gasification combined cycle with CCS (IGCC + CCS) capacity is built by 2045 in these four scenarios, requiring between 12 and 41 gigatonnes of CO2 (GtCO(2)) storage in regional deep geologic reservoirs across the U.S. Nearly all of this CO2 is from new IGCC + CCS systems, which start to deploy after 2025. Relatively little IGCC + CCS capacity is built before that time, primarily under unique niche 9pp9rtunities. For the most part, CO2 emissions prices will likely need to be sustained at over $20/tonne CO2 before CCS begins to deploy on a large scale within the electric power sector. within these broad national trends, a highly nuanced picture of CCS deployment across the U.S. emerges. Across the four scenarios studied here, power plant builders and operations within some North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) regions do not employ any CCS while other regions build more than 100 GW of CCS-enabled generation capacity. One region sees as much as 50% of its geologic CO2 Storage reservoirs' total theoretical capacity consumed by 2045, while most of the regions still have more than 90% of their potential storage capacity available to meet storage needs in the second half of the century and beyond. A detailed presentation of the results for power plant builds and operation in two key regions: ECAR in the Midwest and ERCOT in Texas, provides further insight into the diverse set of economic decisions that generate the national and aggregate regional results. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wise, Marshall; Dooley, James] Battelle Mem Inst, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Div, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dahowski, Robert; Dauidson, Casie] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wise, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Div, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM marshall.wise@battelle.org OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00017-5 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DK UT WOS:000256440700014 ER PT J AU Williams, TC Shaddix, CR Jensen, KA Suo-Anttila, JM AF Williams, T. C. Shaddix, C. R. Jensen, K. A. Suo-Anttila, J. M. TI Measurement of the dimensionless extinction coefficient of soot within laminar diffusion flames SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE soot; optical properties; extinction coefficient; diffusion flame; scattering; PAH ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PRECURSOR PARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; OVERFIRE SOOT; MORPHOLOGY; STEADY; CONSTANT; AEROSOL AB The dimensionless extinction coefficient (K,) of soot must be known to quantify laser extinction measurements of soot concentration and to predict optical attenuation through smoke clouds. Previous investigations have measured K-e for post-flame soot emitted from laminar and turbulent diffusion flames and smoking laminar premixed flames. This paper presents the first measurements of soot Ke from within laminar diffusion flames, using a small extractive probe to withdraw the soot from the flame. To measure K, two laser sources (63 5 nm and 13 10 nm) were coupled to a transmission cell, followed by gravimetric sampling. Coannular diffusion flames of methane, ethylene and nitrogen-diluted kerosene burning in air were studied, together with slot flames of methane and ethylene. Ke was measured at the radial location of maximum soot volume fraction at several heights for each flame. Results for K, at both 635 nm and 13 10 nm for ethylene and kerosene coannular flames were in the range of 9-10, consistent with the results from previous studies of post-flame soot. The ethylene slot flame and the methane flames have lower K-e values, in some cases as low as 2.0. These lower values of K, are found to result from the contributions of (a) the condensation of PAH species during the sampling of soot, (b) the wavelength-dependent absorptivity of soot precursor particles, and, in the case of methane, (c) the negligible contribution of soot scattering to the extinction coefficient. RDG calculations of soot scattering, in combination with the measured,K, values, imply that the soot refractive index is in the vicinity of 1.75-1.03i at 635 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, TC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tcwilli@sandia.gov NR 45 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 1616 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.024 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 151SG UT WOS:000245310500035 ER PT J AU Vorobiev, OY Liu, BT Lomov, IN Antoun, TH AF Vorobiev, O. Yu. Liu, B. T. Lomov, I. N. Antoun, T. H. TI Simulation of penetration into porous geologic media SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE penetration; constitutive modeling; numerical simulations; porous compaction; dilatancy ID CONCRETE; TARGETS; ROCK AB We present a computational study on the penetration of steel projectiles into porous geologic materials. The purpose of the study is to extend the range of applicability of a recently developed constitutive model to simulations involving projectile penetration into geologic media. The constitutive model is nonlinear, thermodynamically consistent, and properly invariant under superposed rigid body motions. The equations are valid for large deformations and they are hyperelastic in the sense that the stress tensor is related to a derivative of the Helmholtz free energy. The model uses the mathematical structure of plasticity theory to capture the basic features of the mechanical response of geological materials including the effects of bulking, yielding, damage, porous compaction and loading rate on the material response. The new constitutive model has been successfully used to simulate static laboratory tests under a wide range of triaxial loading conditions, and dynamic spherical wave propagation tests in both dry and saturated geologic media. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vorobiev, OY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-206,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vorobiev1@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.02.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 123JG UT WOS:000243291600007 ER PT J AU Noble, DR Holdych, DJ AF Noble, David R. Holdych, David J. TI Full Newton lattice Boltzmann method for time-steady flows using a direct linear solver SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics CY AUG 21-25, 2006 CL Univ Geneva, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO Univ Geneva DE lattice Boltzmann; Newton-Raphson; time-steady flows; performance ID EQUATION AB A full Newton lattice Boltzmann method is developed for time-steady flows. The general method involves the construction of a residual form for the time-steady, nonlinear Boltzmann equation in terms of the probability distribution. Bounce-back boundary conditions are also incorporated into the residual form. Newton's method is employed to solve the resulting system of non-linear equations. At each Newton iteration, the sparse, banded, Jacobian matrix is formed from the dependencies of the non-linear residuals on the components of the particle distribution. The resulting linear system of equations is solved using a direct solver designed for sparse, banded matrices. For the Stokes flow limit, only one matrix solve is required. Two dimensional flow about a periodic array of disks is simulated as a proof of principle, and the numerical efficiency is carefully assessed. For the case of Stokes flow (Re = 0) with resolution 251x251, the proposed method performs more than 100 times faster than a standard, fully explicit implementation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Noble, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM drnoble@sandia.gov; djholdy@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1142/S0129183107010905 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 236PN UT WOS:000251316000027 ER PT J AU Ritter, HG AF Ritter, Hans Georg TI The role of collective flow in heavy ion collisions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics CY APR, 2006 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY SP Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; MATTER; HYDRODYNAMICS; TRANSITION; EMISSION; MOTION AB The motivation for flow measurements and the actual measurements at different energy domains are reviewed. At energies around 1 AGeV flow measurements have yielded information about the equation of state of nuclear matter. At RHIC energies partonic collectivity has been established. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritter, HG (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM HGRitter@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1142/S0218301307006204 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 234PG UT WOS:000251175400004 ER PT J AU Xu, N AF Xu, Nu TI Partonic equation of state in high-energy nuclear collisions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics CY APR, 2006 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY SP Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HADRON FREEZE-OUT; COLLECTIVE EXPANSION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; LATTICE QCD; SEARCH; AU AB After a brief introduction to the physics of high-energy nuclear collisions, we will present recent experimental results that are closely connected to the properties of the matter produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Collective motion with parton degrees of freedom is called partonic collectivity. We will focus on collective observables such as transverse radial flow and elliptic flow. With experimental observations, we will demonstrate that collectivity is developed prior to the hadronic stage in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nxu@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 715 EP 727 DI 10.1142/S0218301307006228 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 234PG UT WOS:000251175400006 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L. TI Strong fields: From high Z atoms to the color glass condensate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics CY APR, 2006 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY SP Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; VACUUM POLARIZATION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; EXTERNAL FIELDS; DIRAC EQUATION AB I review various strong field problems in field theory. I start with one of the earliest examples, a high Z Coulomb field. I discuss tunneling and thermally activated transitions in field theory. The latter problem may have applications to electroweak baryogenesis. Finally, I discuss the Color Glass Condensate, a form of high energy density gluonic matter which controls the high energy limit of QCD, and the Glasma which it makes in the collision of high energy nuclei. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1142/S0218301307006290 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 234PG UT WOS:000251175400013 ER PT J AU McCreery, GE Meakin, P McEligot, DM AF McCreery, Glenn E. Meakin, Paul McEligot, Donald M. TI Measurements of rivulet flow between parallel vertical plates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE rivulets; two-phase flow; laminar; fully-developed; vertical ID SLOWLY VARYING SUBSTRATE; MINIMUM THICKNESS; GRAVITY; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; DRIVEN; TRANSITION; CHANNELS; SURFACE AB The research presented considers laminar, fully-developed rivulet flow in the channel formed by two parallel vertical plates for flows intermediate between a lower limit of droplet flow and an upper limit where the rivulets meander. Although this regime is likely the most simple rivulet flow regime, it does not appear to have been previously investigated in detail. In an earlier paper, the authors derived relations to predict the terminal Reynolds number and non-dimensional width of the rivulet under the approximation that the width is large relative to the gap width of the plates (the spacing between the plates). The objective of the present study is to examine the limits of this simple treatment as the relative width becomes small, i.e., as the rivulets become narrow. Experiments were performed measuring rivulet widths and flow rates for gap widths ranging from 0.152 mm to 0.914 rum with water, light mineral oil, ethyl alcohol and water with a wetting agent. Predictions were found to agree well with the measurements for width-to-spacing ratios as low as unity and less. A numerical analysis shows that a plausible explanation of unexpected agreement for narrow rivulets is that the error in this one-dimensional assumption is approximately countered by the error in neglecting flow in the edge region. To account for curvature of the liquid-air interface at the edges, an additional geometric relationship was assumed; this approach also was found to be a good representation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arizona, Aero Mech Engr Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Stuttgart, IKE, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP McCreery, GE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Glenn.McCreery@inl.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD APR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 432 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2006.10.003 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 163PH UT WOS:000246171600005 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, P. T. TI Self-selection contributes significantly to the lower adiposity of faster, longer-distanced, male and female walkers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE walking; body mass index; adiposity; self-selection ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; HEALTH-PROFESSIONALS; VIGOROUS EXERCISE; BODY-COMPOSITION; WOMEN; OBESITY; MEN; OVERWEIGHT; PREVENTION AB Objective: Cross-sectional studies show that active individuals are leaner than their sedentary counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent that this is due to self-selection bias, specifically to initially leaner men and women choosing to exercise longer and more intensely. Methods: Walking quantity (weekly distance) and intensity (speed) were compared to current body mass index (BMI) (BMIcurrent) and BMI at the start of walking (BMIstarting) in 20 353 women and 5174 men who on average had walked regularly for exercise for 7.2 and 10.6 years, respectively. Results: The relationships of both BMIcurrent and BMIstarting to both distance and intensity were nonlinear (convex). On average, BMIstarting explained 470% of the association between BMIcurrent and intensity, and 40 and 17% of the associations between BMIcurrent and distance in women and men, respectively. Although the declines in BMIcurrent with distance and intensity were greater among fatter individuals than leaner individuals, the portions attributable to BMIstarting remained relatively constant regardless of fatness. Thus, self-selection bias accounted for most of the decline in BMI with walking intensity and smaller, albeit significant, proportions of the decline with distance. Conclusion: Although walking intensity and walking distance are both strongly associated with greater leanness, intensity is less likely to be causally related to leanness than is distance, and the latter should be encouraged for reversing or preventing weight gain. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-072110, HL-45652]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-066738] NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803457 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 154JK UT WOS:000245502800012 PM 17006441 ER PT J AU Boboridis, K Seifter, A Obst, AW Basak, D AF Boboridis, K. Seifter, A. Obst, A. W. Basak, D. TI Radiance temperature and normal spectral emittance (in the wavelength range of 1.5 to 5 mu m) of nickel at its melting point by a pulse-heating technique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties/19th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics/61st Calorimetry Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Int Assoc Chem Thermodynam, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO Univ Colorado DE emissivity; emittance; infrared; melting; nickel; pulse heating; pyrometry; radiance temperature ID EMISSIVITY; DEPENDENCE; NM AB The radiance temperature of nickel at its melting point was measured at four wavelengths (in the nominal range of 1.5 to 5 mu m) by a pulse-heating technique using a high-speed fiber-coupled four-channel infrared pyrometer. The method was based on rapid resistive self-heating of a specimen from room temperature to its melting point in less than 1 s while simultaneously measuring the radiance emitted by it in four spectral bands as a function of time. A plateau in the recorded radiance-versus-time traces indicated melting of the specimen. The melting-point radiance temperature for a given specimen was determined by averaging the temperature measured along the plateau at each wavelength. The results for several specimens were then, in turn, averaged to yield the melting-point radiance temperature of nickel, as follows: 1316 K at 1.77 mu m, 1211 K at 2.26 mu m, 995 K at 3.48 mu m, and 845 K at 4.75 mu m. The melting-point normal spectral emittance of nickel at these wavelengths was derived from the measured radiance in each spectral band using the published value of the thermodynamic (true) melting temperature of nickel. C1 Univ Cyprus, Dept Phys, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Orbital Sci Corp, Space Syst Grp, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boboridis, K (reprint author), Univ Cyprus, Dept Phys, POB 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM kboboridis@fastmail.fm NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 683 EP 696 DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0150-x PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 183DC UT WOS:000247551900022 ER PT J AU Park, JH Park, SJ Kim, C Parc, YW Hong, JH Huang, JY Xiang, D Wang, XJ Ko, IS AF Park, Jang-Ho Park, Sung-Ju Kim, Changbum Parc, Yong-Woon Hong, Ju-Ho Huang, Jung-Yun Xiang, Dao Wang, Xijie Ko, In Soo TI High power beam test and measurement of emittance evolution of a 1.6-cell photocathode RF gun at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE photocathode RF gun; 1.6-cell cavity; emittance evolution; emittance meter; PAL XFEL ID LASER; LINAC AB A Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) GUN-IV type photocathode rf gun has been fabricated to use in femtosecond electron diffraction (FED), femtosecond far infrared radiation (fs-FIR) facility, and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). The gun consists of a 1.6-cell cavity with a copper cathode, a solenoid magnet, beam diagnostic components and auxiliary systems. We report here the measurement of the basic beam parameters which confirm a successful fabrication of the photocathode RF gun system. The emittance evolution is measured by an emittance meter and compared with the PARMELA simulation, which shows a good agreement. C1 Pohang Accelerator Lab, POSTECH, Pohang 790784, South Korea. POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Pohang Accelerator Lab, POSTECH, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA 5F YUSHIMA BLDG, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4A BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1143/JJAP.46.1751 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 161HK UT WOS:000246005200078 ER PT J AU Roberto, JB de la Rubia, TD AF Roberto, James B. de la Rubia, Tomas Diaz TI Basic research needs for advanced nuclear energy systems SO JOM LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Roberto, JB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM robertojb@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0048-x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 155EI UT WOS:000245560300003 ER PT J AU Busby, JT Leonard, KJ AF Busby, J. T. Leonard, K. J. TI Space fission reactor structural materials: Choices past, present and future SO JOM LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; NUCLEAR-POWER; ALLOYS; TECHNOLOGIES; PERFORMANCE; NIOBIUM AB Nuclear powered spacecraft will enable missions well beyond the capabilities of current chemical, radioisotope thermoelectric generator and solar technologies. The use of fission reactors for space applications has been studied for over 50 years. Structural material performance has often limited the potential performance of space reactors. Space fission reactors are an extremely harsh environment for structural materials with temperatures, high neutron fields, potential contact with liquid metals, and the need for up to 15-20 year reliability with no inspection or preventative maintenance. Many different structural materials have been proposed. While all of those proposed meet many of the requirements for space reactor service, none satisfy all of them. However, continued development and testing may resolve these issues and provide qualified materials for fission reactors for space power. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Busby, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM busbyjt@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 20 EP + DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0049-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 155EI UT WOS:000245560300004 ER PT J AU Tang, M Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE Lu, P AF Tang, M. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. E. Lu, P. TI Irradiation-induced order-to-disorder phase transformation at different temperatures in Dy2O3 SO JOM LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NUCLEAR-WASTE; PLUTONIUM; PYROCHLORE; IMMOBILIZATION; A(2)B(2)O(7); DISPOSAL; MGAL2O4; OXIDES; SPINEL AB Polycrystalline pellets of the rare earth sesquioxide Dy2O3 were irradiated at two temperatures (similar to 120 K and similar to 300 K) with 300 keV Kr++ ions up to a fluence of 1 x 10(20) Kr/m(2). The crystal structure of the irradiated Dy2O3 was observed to change from an ordered cubic bixbyite structure (so-called C-type rare earth sesquioxide structure) to a disordered, anion-deficient fluorite structure. A relatively low ion dose (similar to 2.5 displacements per atom [dpa]) was sufficient to induce a complete order-to-disorder (O-D)phase transformation at cryogenic temperature (similar to 120 K) irradiation, while at room temperature (similar to 300 K) a higher dose (similar to 25 dpa) produced only a partial O-D phase transformation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0052-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 155EI UT WOS:000245560300007 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN AF Bacon, D. J. Osetsky, Yu. N. TI The atomic-scale modeling of dislocation-obstacle interactions in irradiated metals SO JOM LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRON; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ALPHA-IRON; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS; EDGE DISLOCATIONS; SCREW DISLOCATION; BCC METALS; COPPER AB Irradiation of metals with high-energy particles produces nano-scale defect clusters such as voids, dislocation loops, stacking-fault tetrahedra, and irradiation-induced precipitates. They are obstacles to dislocation glide and give rise to hardening and, in some conditions, deformation localization. Atomic-scale computer simulation has been developed to provide detailed information on how obstacle structure, stress, strain rate, and temperature influence these effects. Some recent results of modeling dislocations gliding under stress against obstacles in a variety of metals across a range of temperatures are considered. The effects observed include obstacle cutting, absorption, and drag. Although some processes can be represented within the continuum treatment of crystal defects, others cannot. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM djbacon@liv.ac.uk OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0053-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 155EI UT WOS:000245560300008 ER PT J AU Caro, A Caro, M Klaver, P Sadigh, B Lopasso, EM Srinivasan, SG AF Caro, A. Caro, M. Klaver, P. Sadigh, B. Lopasso, E. M. Srinivasan, S. G. TI The computational modeling of alloys at the atomic scale: from ab initio and thermodynamics to radiation-induced heterogeneous precipitation SO JOM LA English DT Article ID FE-CU ALLOYS; ENERGIES AB This paper describes a strategy to simulate radiation damage in FeCralloys wherein magnetism introduces an anomaly in the heat of formation of the solid solution. This has implications for the precipitation of excess chromium in the alpha' phase in the presence of hetero-geneities. These complexities pose many challenges for atomistic (empirical) methods. To address such issues the authors have developed a modified many body potential by rigorously fitting thermodynamic properties including free energy. Multi-million atom displacement Monte Carlo simulations in the transmutation ensemble, using the new potential, predict that thermodynamically grain boundaries, dislocations, and free surfaces are not preferential sites for alpha' precipitation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Ctr Atom Bariloche, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Caro, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caro2@llnl.gov RI Klaver, Peter/E-2651-2012 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0055-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 155EI UT WOS:000245560300010 ER PT J AU Park, C Fenter, PA AF Park, Changyong Fenter, Paul A. TI Phasing of resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity spectra and direct Fourier synthesis of element-specific partial structures at buried interfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; WATER INTERFACE; STANDING WAVES; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; OXIDATION; MINERALS AB A formalism for model-independent determination of element-specific partial structures at buried interfaces using the phase-dependent behavior of resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity (RAXR) data is described. Each RAXR spectrum (i.e. reflectivity versus energy at a fixed momentum transfer near the absorption edge of interest) is uniquely constrained by the amplitude and phase of the resonant partial structure factor with pre-determined non-resonant total structure factor and anomalous dispersion corrections of the resonant species. The element-specific partial density distribution is then imaged by discrete Fourier synthesis with the partial structure factor. The utility of this approach is demonstrated in the comparison of Rb+ and Sr2+ distributions at muscovite (001)-aqueous solution interfaces derived by model-independent and model-dependent approaches. This imaging method is useful for rapid determination of complex buried interfacial structures where element-specific atomic distributions are poorly constrained by conventional X-ray reflectivity analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cypark@anl.gov RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1107/S0021889806053131 PN 2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 146IE UT WOS:000244926900009 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Yang, SY Lee, B Joo, W Heo, K Kim, JK Ree, M AF Yoon, Jinhwan Yang, Seung Yun Lee, Byeongdu Joo, Wonchul Heo, Kyuyoung Kim, Jin Kon Ree, Moonhor TI Nondestructive quantitative synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis of cylindrical nanostructures in supported thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; ORGANOSILICATE DIELECTRIC FILMS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; POLYMER-FILMS; POLYISOPRENE; MEMBRANES; TEMPLATE AB Nondestructive nanostructural analysis is indispensable in the development of nanomaterials and nanofabrication processes for use in nanotechnology applications. This paper demonstrates a quantitative, nondestructive analysis of nanostructured thin films supported on substrates and their templated nanopores by using grazing incidence X-ray scattering and data analysis with a derived scattering theory. The analysis disclosed that vertically oriented nanodomain cylinders had formed in 20-100 nm thick films supported on substrates, which consisted of a mixture of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) and PMMA homopolymer, and that the PMMA nanodomain cylinders were selectively etched out by ultraviolet light exposure and a subsequent rinse with acetic acid, resulting in a well ordered nanostructure consisting of hexagonally packed cylindrical nanopores. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Dept Chem,Ctr Integrated Mol Syst, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, BK Sch Mol Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Creat Res Iniat, Ctr Block Copolymer Self Assembly, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, JK (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Dept Chem,Ctr Integrated Mol Syst, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jkkim@postech.edu; ree@postech.edu RI Ree, Moonhor/F-5347-2013; Yang, Seung Yun/B-5974-2016; OI Yang, Seung Yun/0000-0002-1233-8960; Yoon, Jinhwan/0000-0003-1638-2704; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1107/S0021889807000817 PN 2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 146IE UT WOS:000244926900011 ER PT J AU Yi, JM Chu, YS Zhong, Y Je, JH Hwu, Y Margaritondo, G AF Yi, J. M. Chu, Y. S. Zhong, Y. Je, J. H. Hwu, Y. Margaritondo, G. TI X-ray bright-field imaging analyzes crystalline quality and defects of SiC wafers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; BOUNDARIES; CONTRAST AB A new variety of the recently developed technique 'X-ray bright-field imaging' is presented. In its basic version, this approach simultaneously yields diffraction-based information on lattice distortions and radiographic information on structural inhomogeneities, and is based on the detection of reversed diffraction contrast in transmission images. The new version extends the scope of the technique to the quantitative analysis of crystalline quality parameters such as the lattice plane curvature and mosaic distribution in SiC wafers, and makes it possible to correlate such parameters directly with defect (distortions/inhomogeneities) structures. C1 POSTECH, X Ray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Je, JH (reprint author), POSTECH, X Ray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jhje@postech.ac.kr RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Centre d'imagerie Biomedicale, CIBM/B-5740-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 BP 376 EP 378 DI 10.1107/S0021889806055683 PN 2 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 146IE UT WOS:000244926900021 ER PT J AU Fu, ZQ Chrzas, J Sheldrick, GM Rose, J Wang, BC AF Fu, Zheng-Qing Chrzas, John Sheldrick, George M. Rose, John Wang, Bi-Cheng TI A parallel program using SHELXD for quick heavy-atom partial structural solution on high-performance computers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION DATA; MULTAN AB A parallel algorithm has been designed for SHELXD to solve the heavy-atom partial structures of protein crystals quickly. Based on this algorithm, a program has been developed to run on high-performance multiple-CPU Linux PCs, workstations or clusters. Tests on the 32-CPU Linux cluster at SER-CAT, APS, Argonne National Laboratory, show that the parallelization dramatically speeds up the process by a factor of roughly the number of CPUs applied, leading to reliable and instant heavy-atom sites solution, which provides the practical opportunity to employ heavy-atom search as an alternative tool for anomalous scattering data quality evaluation during single/multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD/MAD) data collection at synchrotron beamlines. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, SER CAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Gottingen, Dept Struct Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Fu, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fuzq@anl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1107/S0021889807003998 PN 2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 146IE UT WOS:000244926900025 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Kim, H Lee, H Lee, YJ Jiao, XS Li, CH Lurio, LB Hu, XS Lal, J Narayanan, S Sandy, A Rafailovich, M Sinha, SK AF Jiang, Zhang Kim, Hyunjung Lee, Heeju Lee, Young Joo Jiao, Xuesong Li, Chunhua Lurio, Laurence B. Hu, Xuesong Lal, Jyotsana Narayanan, Suresh Sandy, Alec Rafailovich, Miriam Sinha, Sunil K. TI Structure and dynamics of thin polymer films using synchrotron X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; REPTATION; INTERFACE; SURFACES AB Recent measurements of the scattering function and of the dynamics of surface and interfacial fluctuations in thin supported molten films and bilayers using synchrotron X-ray diffuse scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy in reflection geometry are reported. The results for monolayer films thicker than four times of the radius of gyration of polystyrene show behavior of normal over-damped capillary waves expected for the surface fluctuations of a viscous liquid. However, thinner films show deviations indicating the need to account for viscoelasticity. The theory has been extended to the surface and interfacial modes in a bilayer film system. The results are discussed in terms of surface tension, viscosity and shear modulus. Also recent experiments to measure the isothermal compressibility of supported polystyrene films by studying 'bulk' scattering from the interior of the films is discussed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinha, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ssinha@physics.ucsd.edu RI Jiang, Zhang/A-3297-2012 OI Jiang, Zhang/0000-0003-3503-8909 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S18 EP S22 DI 10.1107/S0021889807007996 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800003 ER PT J AU Kirby, N Cookson, D Buckley, C Bovell, E St Pierre, T AF Kirby, Nigel Cookson, David Buckley, Craig Bovell, Eliza St Pierre, Tim TI Iron K-edge anomalous small-angle x-ray scattering at 15-D-D at the Advanced Photon Source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID ASAXS; INSTRUMENT; HYDROGEN AB Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an ideal technique for characterizing inorganic nanoparticles in biological specimens large enough to be representative of tissues. As tissues consist of complex mixtures of structures, identifying particular structural features from single-wavelength scattering data can be problematic. Synchrotron SAXS can supply element-specific structural information in complex samples, using anomalous scattering close to absorption edges. Anomalous dispersion is a secondary effect that produces relatively subtle changes in scattering patterns. In order to utilize this effect for anomalous SAXS analysis, stringent control of instrument performance is required. This work outlines the development of high-quality data collection and processing strategies for Fe K-edge anomalous SAXS on the ChemMatCARS beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Chicago, with an emphasis on intensity normalization. The methods reported here were developed during a study of iron-loaded mammal tissues, but could equally well be applied to other complex specimens. C1 Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. ChemMatCARS, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Kirby, N (reprint author), Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM nigel.kirby@synchrotron.vic.gov.au RI St Pierre, Timothy/A-5509-2008; Buckley, Craig/B-6753-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI St Pierre, Timothy/0000-0003-4682-4972; Buckley, Craig/0000-0002-3075-1863; NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S402 EP S407 DI 10.1107/S0021889806046309 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800081 ER PT J AU Lipfert, J Chu, VB Bai, Y Herschlag, D Doniach, S AF Lipfert, Jan Chu, Vincent B. Bai, Yu Herschlag, Daniel Doniach, Sebastian TI Low-resolution models for nucleic acids from small-angle X-ray scattering with applications to electrostatic modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; TRANSFER-RNA; MAGNESIUM BINDING; MG2+ BINDING; DOMAIN; COMPACTION; RIBOZYME; CONFORMATION; PRINCIPLES; PROTEINS AB Several algorithms are available to reconstruct low-resolution electron density maps of biological macromolecules from small-angle solution scattering data. These algorithms have been extensively applied to proteins and protein complexes. Here, we demonstrate their applicability to nucleic acids by reconstructing a set of RNA and DNA molecules of known three-dimensional structure from their small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. The overall size and shape of the molecules get reproduced well in all tested cases. Furthermore, we show that the generated bead models can be used as inputs for electrostatic calculations. The number of ions bound under different solution conditions computed from numerical solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for bead models agrees very well with results of calculations on all atom models derived from crystallography. The predictions from Poisson-Boltzmann theory also agree generally well with experimentally determined ion binding numbers. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Biophys Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Doniach, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM doniach@drizzle.stanford.edu NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S229 EP S234 DI 10.1107/S0021889807001707 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800045 ER PT J AU Lipfert, J Columbus, L Chu, VB Doniach, S AF Lipfert, Jan Columbus, Linda Chu, Vincent B. Doniach, Sebastian TI Analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering data of protein-detergent complexes by singular value decomposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; EXPRESSION; MICELLES AB Small-angle X-ray scattering can be a valuable tool in the structural characterization of membrane protein-detergent complexes (PDCs). However, a major challenge is to separate the PDC scattering signal from that of the 'empty' detergent micelle in a protein-detergent mixture. We briefly review an approach that allows approximate determination of the PDC scattering signal at low momentum transfer and present a novel approach that employs a singular value decomposition (SVD) and fitting of scattering data collected at different protein-detergent stoichiometries. The SVD approach allows the scattering profile for the PDC over the entire measured momentum transfer range to be obtained, it is applicable to strongly scattering detergents and can take into account interparticle interference. The two approaches are contrasted and an application to the membrane protein TM0026 from Thermotoga maritima is presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Joint Ctr Struct Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Doniach, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM doniach@drizzle.stanford.edu RI Columbus, Linda/F-5877-2010 OI Columbus, Linda/0000-0002-2574-0561 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S235 EP S239 DI 10.1107/S0021889807005791 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800046 ER PT J AU Oh, W Hwang, Y Shin, TJ Lee, B Kim, JS Yoon, J Brennan, S Mehta, A Ree, M AF Oh, Weontae Hwang, Yongtaek Shin, Tae Joo Lee, Byeongdu Kim, Jong-Seong Yoon, Jinhwan Brennan, Sean Mehta, Apurva Ree, Moonhor TI Synchrotron X-ray reflectivity studies of nanoporous organosilicate thin films with low dielectric constants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SCATTERING; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); ANALOGS AB Quantitative, non-destructive X-ray reflectivity analysis using synchrotron radiation sources was successfully performed on nanoporous dielectric thin films prepared by thermal processing of blend films of a thermally curable polymethylsilsesquioxane dielectric precursor and a thermally labile triethoxy-silyl-terminated six-arm poly(epsilon-caprolactone) porogen in various compositions. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy analysis were carried out. These measurements provided important structural information about the nanoporous films. The thermal process used in this study was found to cause the porogen molecules to undergo efficiently sacrificial thermal degradation, generating closed, spherical nanopores in the dielectric film. The resultant nanoporous films exhibited a homogeneous, well defined structure with a thin skin layer and low surface roughness. In particular, no skin layer was formed in the porous film imprinted using a porogen loading of 30 wt%. The film porosities ranged from 0 to 33.8% over the porogen loading range of 0-30 wt%. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Pohang Accelerator Lab,Ctr Integrated Mol Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, BK Sch Mol Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94209 USA. Dong Eui Univ, Dept NanoTechnol, Pusan 614714, South Korea. RP Ree, M (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Pohang Accelerator Lab,Ctr Integrated Mol Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ree@postech.edu RI Ree, Moonhor/F-5347-2013; Shin, Tae Joo/R-7434-2016; OI Shin, Tae Joo/0000-0002-1438-3298; Yoon, Jinhwan/0000-0003-1638-2704; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S626 EP S630 DI 10.1107/S0021889806047509 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800127 ER PT J AU Robert, A AF Robert, Aymeric TI Measurement of self-diffusion constant with two-dimensional X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; DYNAMICS; SCATTERING; SPHERES; DENSE AB The X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy technique probes the slow dynamics of disordered materials, overcoming the limitations of using photon correlation spectroscopy with coherent visible light. It extends the accessible range of the modulus of the scattering vector to short wavelength density fluctuations and is not sensitive to multiple scattering. We measure here experimentally the short-time self-diffusion coefficient D-S of a charge-stabilized colloidal dispersion. It is in contradiction with theoretical models including many-body hydrodynamic interactions. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Robert, A (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Ave Jules Horowitz,BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM aymeric@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S34 EP S37 DI 10.1107/S0021889807009168 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800006 ER PT J AU Smolsky, IL Liu, P Niebuhr, M Ito, K Weiss, TM Tsuruta, H AF Smolsky, Igor L. Liu, Ping Niebuhr, Marc Ito, Kazuki Weiss, Thomas M. Tsuruta, Hiro TI Biological small-angle x-ray scattering facility at the Stanford synchrotron radiation laboratory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HIGH BRILLIANCE BEAMLINE; DATA-ACQUISITION; IMAGE INTENSIFIER; DIFFRACTION; DETECTOR; SYSTEM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MACROMOLECULES; INSTRUMENT; MECHANISM AB Beamline 4-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is a small-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction facility dedicated to structural studies on mostly noncrystalline biological systems. The instrument consists of a pinhole camera, which covers the magnitude of the scattering vector Q in the range 0.004-1.3 angstrom(-1) [Q = (4 pi/lambda)sin theta, where theta and lambda are one half of the scattering angle and the X-ray wavelength, respectively], and a Bonse-Hart geometry ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering setup for the Q range an order of magnitude smaller. The pinhole camera allows quick automated distance and detector selection among any combination of five distances and three position-sensitive detectors. The double-crystal monochromator can have either Si 111 crystals or a pair of synthetic multilayer diffractive elements for higher flux applications. We have adopted a suite of software originally developed for macromolecular crystallography for integrated beamline control as well as static and slow time-resolved small-angle scattering data collection. This article outlines recent technological developments and specialized instrumentation for conducting noncrystalline scattering experiments in structural biology at improved time and spatial resolutions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Harima Inst SPring 8 Ctr, RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Struct Mat Sci Lab, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan. RP Tsuruta, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsuruta@slac.stanford.edu NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S453 EP S458 DI 10.1107/S0021889807009624 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800091 ER PT J AU Geernaert, GL AF Geernaert, G. L. TI On the evaporation duct for inhomogeneous conditions in coastal regions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROPAGATION; SEA AB Evaporation ducts are ubiquitous phenomena over the oceans, and they are responsible for much of the over-the-horizon propagation occurring with millimeter and microwave radars. The height of the evaporation duct depends on meteorological parameters, most notably air and water temperature and relative humidity. In most cases, models that predict the height of the evaporation duct are based on Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory, and uncertainties in model predictions are often attributed to the simplifying assumptions behind MOS theory. In this paper, an extension to MOS theory is introduced that accommodates spatial variability of meteorological parameters in coastal regions. It is found that for even weakly varying meteorological conditions there are substantial differences in duct heights predicted when spatially varying conditions are invoked versus spatially homogeneous conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, IGPP, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geernaert, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, IGPP, MSC-305, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM geernaert@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 538 EP 543 DI 10.1175/JAM2481.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 161OR UT WOS:000246025400011 ER PT J AU Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Borysenko, SA Wolf, SA Yakovenko, VM AF Beletskii, N. N. Berman, G. P. Borysenko, S. A. Wolf, S. A. Yakovenko, V. M. TI Magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions with low barrier heights SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETIC JUNCTIONS; CONDUCTANCE; ELECTRODES; DEPENDENCE; SINGLE; FILM AB The magnetoresistance of low-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was studied within a two-band model of free electrons in ferromagnetic electrodes, taking into consideration image forces. For MTJs with an MgO insulator, explanations are given of the giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect and the effect of increasing TMR as the width of the MgO barrier increases. It is shown that TMR and the electron current density through MTJs depend strongly on the dielectric constant of the MgO insulator. It is found that the TMR of low-barrier MTJs reaches a maximum at a particular value of the applied bias voltage. It is demonstrated that the electron current density through low-barrier MTJs can be high enough to switch the magnetization of a ferromagnetic electrode. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Usikov Inst Radiophys & Elect, UA-61085 Kharkov, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Beletskii, NN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Usikov Inst Radiophys & Elect, 12 Acad Proskura Str, UA-61085 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM gpb@lanl.gov RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; OI Yakovenko, Victor M./0000-0003-3754-1794 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 074305 DI 10.1063/1.2713369 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000080 ER PT J AU He, JQ Klie, RF Logvenov, G Bozovic, I Zhu, YM AF He, Jiaqing Klie, Robert F. Logvenov, Gennady Bozovic, Ivan Zhu, Yimei TI Microstructure and possible strain relaxation mechanisms of La2CuO4+delta thin films grown on LaSrAlO4 and SrTiO3 substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL-STRAIN; DEFECTS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; MISFIT AB Layered perovskite La2CuO4+delta (LCO) thin films were epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and LaSrAlO4 substrates by atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy. The lattice defects and residual strain in these films were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The LCO films showed a high epitaxial quality with flat interfaces and top surfaces. Misfit dislocations with Burgers vector a < 010 > and shear defects were frequently observed at or near the film/substrate interfaces and in the films, respectively. In one LCO film, grown on STO at the highest temperature, 700 degrees C, we observed a two layered structure with the top layer being rhombohedral CuLaO2. In addition, stacking faults were observed in the plane views of one LCO film grown on the STO substrate. The residual strains were evaluated from the associated splitting of Bragg reflection. Possible mechanisms of strain relaxations are discussed based on the observed defects. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP He, JQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhu@bnl.gov RI He, Jiaqing/A-2245-2010 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 073906 DI 10.1063/1.2710445 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000055 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Thompson, JD Movshovich, R Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Houston, B Mewes, T Pelekhov, DV Wigen, P Hammel, PC AF Nazaretski, E. Thompson, J. D. Movshovich, R. Zalalutdinov, M. Baldwin, J. W. Houston, B. Mewes, T. Pelekhov, D. V. Wigen, P. Hammel, P. C. TI Temperature-dependent magnetic resonance force microscopy studies of a thin Permalloy film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANISOTROPY AB We used magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) to study a 50 nm thick continuous Permalloy film. We mechanically measured the ferromagnetic resonance signal in the temperature range between 10 and 70 K in the presence of a static magnetic field applied normal to the surface of the film. The measurements show a decrease of the ferromagnetic resonance field with increasing temperature. We attribute this behavior to the temperature-dependent changes of the saturation magnetization. Our experiments demonstrate the potential of MRFM to perform quantitative ferromagnetic resonance measurements as a function of temperature. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evgnaz@lanl.gov RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 074905 DI 10.1063/1.2715761 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000096 ER PT J AU Perry, WL Zucker, J Dickson, PM Parker, GR Asay, BW AF Perry, W. Lee Zucker, Jonathan Dickson, Peter M. Parker, Gary R. Asay, Blaine W. TI Interplay of explosive thermal reaction dynamics and structural confinement SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; DETONATION; PBX-9501; VIOLENCE; HMX AB Explosives play a significant role in human affairs; however, their behavior in circumstances other than intentional detonation is poorly understood. Accidents may have catastrophic consequences, especially if additional hazardous materials are involved. Abnormal ignition stimuli, such as impact, spark, friction, and heat may lead to a very violent outcome, potentially including detonation. An important factor influencing the behavior subsequent to abnormal ignition is the strength and inertia of the vessel confining the explosive, i.e., the near-field structural/mechanical environment, also known as confinement (inertial or mechanical). However, a comprehensive and quantified understanding of how confinement affects reaction violence does not yet exist. In the research discussed here, we have investigated a wide range of confinement conditions and related the explosive response to the fundamentals of the combustion process in the explosive. In our experiments, a charge of an octahydrotetranitrotetrazine-based plastic bonded explosive (PBX 9501) was loaded into a gun assembly having variable confinement conditions and subjected to a heating profile. The exploding charge breached the confinement and accelerated a projectile down the gun barrel. High bandwidth pressure and volume measurements were made and a first-law analysis was used to obtain enthalpy and power from the raw data. These results were then used to quantify reaction violence. Enthalpy change and power ranged from 0-1.8 kJ and 0-12 MW for 300 mg charges, respectively. Below a confinement strength of 20 MPa, violence was found to decline precipitously with decreasing confinement, while the violence for the heaviest confinement experiments was found to be relatively constant. Both pressure and pressurization rate were found to have critical values to induce and sustain violent reaction. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perry, WL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wperry@lanl.gov OI Perry, William/0000-0003-1993-122X NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 074901 DI 10.1063/1.2713090 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000092 ER PT J AU Vizkelethy, G Brice, DK Doyle, BL AF Vizkelethy, G. Brice, D. K. Doyle, B. L. TI The theory of ion beam induced charge in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-IONS; N-TYPE; COLLECTION; CAPACITORS; SILICON; DEVICES AB Silicon-on-insulator circuits have been considered less sensitive to single event effects than devices made using bulk technology. However, model experiments have indicated that charge collection occurs not only from the active layer above the buried oxide (BOX) but also from the substrate below the BOX, contrary to the earlier belief. In this paper we will present an analytical model based on the Gunn theorem to describe ion induced charge collection in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vizkelethy, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gvizkel@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 074506 DI 10.1063/1.2716870 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000088 ER PT J AU Warr, GB Tarrant, RN Bilek, MMM McKenzie, DR Harris, JH Howard, J Blackwell, BD AF Warr, George B. Tarrant, Richard N. Bilek, Marcela M. M. McKenzie, David R. Harris, Jeffrey H. Howard, John Blackwell, Boyd D. TI Tomographic interferometry of a filtered high-current vacuum arc plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CATHODIC ARC; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; PROBE AB Tomography of a plasma enables the distribution of electron density to be visualized. We report on the design of two tomographic interferometer systems used to measure plasma electron density distributions in a high-current pulsed cathodic vacuum arc. The method is shown to be capable of microsecond time resolution. The spatial resolution of the quasioptical interferometer operating at 2 mm wavelength is 20 mm and the spatial resolution of the waveguide-based interferometer operating at 8 mm wavelength is 50 mm. In both cases the resolution achieved depends on the launching and receiving geometries. We developed criteria for assessing the tomogram for artifacts arising from limited sampling. First results of the spatial and temporal history of plasma in a high-current vacuum arc guided by a curved magnetic filter are presented and indicate poloidal field fluctuations reminiscent of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in pinches. The applicability of the tomographic interferometry method to optimize plasma transport through the filter is also demonstrated. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus Energy Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Plasma Res Lab, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Warr, GB (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Wendelstein Str 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM george.warr@ipp.mpg.de RI Blackwell, Boyd/M-2717-2015 OI Blackwell, Boyd/0000-0002-9091-9269 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 073302 DI 10.1063/1.2714677 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000013 ER PT J AU Wienke, BR AF Wienke, B. R. TI Commentary on Viewpoint "Heliox, nitrox, and trimix diving; hyperbaric oxygen treatment; and a flaw in Henry's law SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Theoret Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. RP Wienke, BR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Theoret Phys Div, C&C Dive Team Ldr, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. EM brw@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1722 EP 1722 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00019.2007 PG 1 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 195KG UT WOS:000248410500072 PM 17409299 ER PT J AU Cook, LL Inouye, RS McGonigle, TP White, GJ AF Cook, L. L. Inouye, R. S. McGonigle, T. P. White, G. J. TI The distribution of stable cesium in soils and plants of the eastern Snake River Plain in southern Idaho SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE cesium; titanium; transfer factor; soil contamination ID CLAY-MINERALS; RADIOCESIUM; VEGETATION; RADIONUCLIDES; INGESTION; ELEMENTS; DESERT; CS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; RETENTION AB Radiocesium has been introduced into ecosystems via nuclear technology activities. The distribution of stable cesium, Cs-133, is a long-term indicator of radiocesium movement in ecosystems. Plant uptake of Cs is expressed by the transfer factor (TF), which is the ratio of plant to soil Cs concentrations. We determined Cs TFs and the factors affecting soil Cs distribution for 330 plant and 28 soil samples collected from 27 sites on the eastern Snake River plain in Idaho. Soil samples were analysed for Cs. A variety of soil properties were determined, and soil Cs was significantly positively correlated to both soil quartz content and soil cation exchange capacity, properties indicative of the supply and retention of Cs, respectively. Titanium (Ti) concentrations were determined for plant samples and used to generate a soil contamination index (CI). Multiple regression analysis explained up to 95.3% of the variation in Cs TF with either plant Cs, plant Ti, or the CI, compared with only 4.9% with soil parameters alone. These results indicated that soil Cs concentration is influenced by the same factors reported for other locations and that much of the plant Cs is caused by soil contamination and not uptake. Lastly, because no Cs TFs approached unity, no plants accumulated Cs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho State Univ, Ctr Ecol Res & Educ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Ident Sci LLC, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Brandon Univ, Dept Bot, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. RP Cook, LL (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Campus Box 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM cooklawr@isu.edu; inourich@isu.edu; mcgoniglet@brandonu.ca; Gregory.White@inl.gov OI Inouye, Richard/0000-0002-2759-3390 NR 64 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 40 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.08.014 PG 25 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142WH UT WOS:000244680900004 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Komistek, RD Ranawat, CS Dennis, DA Mahfouz, MR AF Sharma, Adrija Komistek, Richard D. Ranawat, Chittaranjan S. Dennis, Douglas A. Mahfouz, Mohamed R. TI Winner of the International Society for Technology in Arthroplasty (ISTA) "Biomechanics Award" - In vivo contact pressures in total knee arthroplasties SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE total knee arthroplasty; inverse dynamics; fluoroscopy; mobile bearing; contact pressure ID JOINT REPLACEMENT; COMPUTER-MODEL; FIXED-BEARING; KINEMATICS; PREDICTION; WEAR; PROSTHESES; STRESSES; METAL; TRANSMISSION AB This study compared the in vivo femoropolyethylene contact pressures generated in fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) with those in mobile-bearing TKAs. In vivo kinematics obtained from a 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional registration technique and soft tissue locations derived from computed tomographic scans were entered into a 3-dimensional inverse dynamics mathematical model to determine the in vivo bearing contact forces. The contact areas were obtained from the assembly of computer-aided design models of the components. The contact pressure was defined as the ratio of the contact forces to the contact areas. The results indicate that the in vivo contact pressures in each TKA are greater for the medial condyle than for the lateral condyle. The ability of the mobile-bearing TKA to rotate maintains higher femoropolyethylene contact, resulting in lesser contact pressures, as compared with the fixed-bearing TKA. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Musculoskeletal Res, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Komistek, RD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Musculoskeletal Res, 301 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 404 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2006.07.008 PG 13 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 162AC UT WOS:000246057500013 PM 17400097 ER PT J AU Brown, PG Edwards, WN ReVelle, DO Spurny, P AF Brown, P. G. Edwards, W. N. ReVelle, D. O. Spurny, P. TI Acoustic analysis of shock production by very high-altitude meteors - I: infrasonic observations, dynamics and luminosity SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrasound; meteors; fireballs; meteor shower ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; FIREBALLS; MODEL; HEIGHTS; BOLIDE; MIDDLE; ENTRY AB Four very high-velocity and high-altitude meteors (a Leonid, two Perseids and a high-speed sporadic fireball) have been unambiguously detected at the ground both optically using precision all-sky cameras and acoustically via infrasound and seismic signals. Infrasound arriving from altitudes of over 100 km is not very common, but has been previously observed for re-entering spacecraft. This, however, is the first reported detection of such high-altitude infrasound unambiguously from meteors to our knowledge. These fragile meteoroids were found to generate acoustic waves at source heights ranging from 80 to 110 km, with most acoustic energy being generated near the lowest heights. Time residuals between observed acoustic onset and model predictions based on ray-tracing points along the photographically determined trajectories indicate that the upper winds given by the UK meteorological office (UKMO) model systematically produce lower residuals for first arrivals than those from the Naval Research Laboratory Horizontal Wind Model (HWM). Average source energies for three of the four events from acoustic data alone are found to be in the range of 2 x 10(8-9) J. One event, EN010803, had unusually favorable geometry for acoustic detection at the ground and therefore has the smallest photometric source energy (10(-5) kt; 6 x 10(7) J) of any meteor detected infrasonically. When compared to the total optical radiation recorded by film, the results for the three events produce equivalent integral panchromatic luminous efficiencies of 3-7%, within a factor of two of the values proposed by Ceplecha and McCrosky [1976. Fireball end heights-a diagnostic for the structure of meteoric material. Journal of Geophysical Research 81, 6257-6275] for the velocity range (55-70 km s(-1)) appropriate to our events. Application of these findings to meteor showers in general suggest that the Geminid shower should be the most prolific producer of infrasound detectable meteors at the ground of all the major showers, with one Geminid fireball producing detectable infrasound from a given location every similar to 400 h of observation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, Canada Res Chair Meteor Sci, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ondrejov Observ, Inst Astron, Acad Sci, Ondrejov 25165, Czech Republic. RP Brown, PG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, Canada Res Chair Meteor Sci, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM pbrown@uwo.ca RI Spurny, Pavel/G-9044-2014 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4-5 BP 600 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.10.011 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 162KL UT WOS:000246085900017 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Hsiung, LL AF Zhou, Jikou Hsiung, Luke L. TI Depth-dependent mechanical properties of enamel by nanoindentation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE enamel; elastic modulus; hardness; nanoindentation; biological materials ID PRISMATIC ENAMEL; ELASTIC-MODULUS; TOOTH ENAMEL; INDENTATION; DENTIN; HARDNESS; FRACTURE; TEETH; JUNCTION; CREEP AB Nanoindentation has recently emerged to be the primary method to study the mechanical behavior and reliability of human enamel. Its hardness and elastic modulus were generally reported as average values with standard deviations that were calculated from the results of multiple nanoindentation testing. In such an approach, it is assumed that the mechanical properties of human enamel are constant, independent of testing parameters, like indent depth and loading rate. However, little is known if they affect the measurements. In this study, we investigated the dependence of the hardness and elastic modulus of human enamel on the indent depth. We found that in a depth range from 100 to 2000 nm the elastic moduli continuously decreased from similar to 104 to 70 GPa, and the hardnesses decreased from similar to 5.7 to 3.6 GPa. We then considered human enamel as a fiber-reinforced composite, and used the celebrated rule of mixture theory to quantify the upper and lower bounds of the elastic moduli, which were shown to cover the values measured in the current study and previous studies. Accordingly, we attributed the depth dependence of the hardness and modulus to the continuous microstructure evolution induced by the nanoindenter tip. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 81A: 66-74, 2007. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zhou5@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD APR PY 2007 VL 81A IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 145PC UT WOS:000244876000007 PM 17109413 ER PT J AU Wilson, G Herndl, CG AF Wilson, Greg Herndl, Carl G. TI Boundary objects as rhetorical exigence - Knowledge mapping and interdisciplinary cooperation at the Los Alamos National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE boundary object; boundary work; epistemic symmetry; knowledge mapping; rhetorical exigency; trading zone AB This article uses qualitative material gathered at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to construct a model of the rhetorical activity that occurs at the boundaries between diverse communities of practice working on complex sociotechnical systems. The authors reinterpret the notion of the boundary object current in science studies as a rhetorical construct that can foster cooperation and communication among the diverse members of heterogeneous working groups. The knowledge maps constructed by team members at LANL in their work on technical systems are boundary objects that can replace the demarcation exigence that so often leads to agonistic rhetorical boundary work with an integrative exigence. The integrative exigence realized by the boundary object of the knowledge map can help create a temporary trading zone characterized by rhetorical relations of symmetry and mutual understanding. In such cases, boundary work can become an effort involving integration and understanding rather than contest, controversy, and demarcation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept English, Ames, IA USA. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1177/1050651906297164 PG 26 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 147XV UT WOS:000245040000001 ER PT J AU Herndl, CG Wilson, G AF Herndl, Carl G. Wilson, Greg TI Reflections on field research and professional practice SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE confessional; ethics; practice; reflexive; research; worldliness AB Borrowing from the ethnographic genre that Van Maanen (1988) called the confessional tale, this commentary reflects on the political, ethical, and professional concerns that arise when critical intellectuals work in a government installation that maintains the nation's nuclear stockpile. The authors suggest that the future is, as Haraway (1997) argued, ineluctably technological and that the best way to engage this cultural formation is from within, eschewing the easy politics of the science wars and articulating critical projects with the hard work of science. The modernist ideal of unconflicted ideological positions and research-stories of good guys and bad guys-is a disabling illusion. Practicing rhetoricians face a kind of "worldliness" that Hall (1989) described as a necessary counterpart to the "clean air" of theory. The authors invite their colleagues to join them in grappling with political and ethical analyses in a world of impure identity in which knowledge and power circulate promiscuously. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herndl, CG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 216 EP 226 DI 10.1177/1050651906297171 PG 11 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 147XV UT WOS:000245040000004 ER PT J AU Gorman-Lewis, D Mazeina, L Fein, JB Szymanowski, JES Burns, PC Navrotsky, A AF Gorman-Lewis, Drew Mazeina, Lena Fein, Jeremy B. Szymanowski, Jennifer E. S. Burns, Peter C. Navrotsky, Alexandra TI Thermodynamic properties of soddyite from solubility and calorimetry measurements SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE soddyite; uranyl silicate; Gibbs free energy; enthalpy; entropy; solubility; supersaturation; solubility product; calorimetry ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; GIBBS FREE-ENERGIES; URANYL MINERALS; HIGH-PRESSURES; U6+ PHASES; ENTHALPIES; 90-DEGREES-C; CORROSION; STANDARD AB The release of uranium from geologic nuclear waste repositories under oxidizing conditions can only be modeled if the thermodynamic properties of the secondary uranyl minerals that form in the repository setting are known. Toward this end, we synthesized soddyite ((UO2)(2)(SiO4)(H2O)(2)), and performed solubility measurements from both undersaturation and supersaturation. The solubility measurements rigorously constrain the value of the solubility product of synthetic soddyite, and consequently its standard-state Gibbs free energy of formation. The log solubility product (1g K-sp) with its error (1 sigma) is (6.43 + 0.20/-0.37), and the standard-state Gibbs free energy of formation is (-3652.2 +/- 4.2 (2 sigma)) kJ mol(-1). High-temperature drop solution calorimetry was conducted, yielding a calculated standard-state enthalpy of formation of soddyite of (-4045.4 +/- 4.9 (2 sigma)) kJ . mol(-1). The standard-state Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation yield a calculated standard-state; entropy of formation of soddyite of (-1318.7 +/- 21.7 (2 sigma)) J . mol(-1) . K-1. The measurements and associated thermodynamic calculations not only describe the T = 298 K stability and solubility of soddyite, but they also can be used in predictions of repository performance through extrapolation of these properties to repository temperatures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gorman-Lewis, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave,CHM 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gorman-lewis@anl.gov RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628; Szymanowski, Jennifer/0000-0002-4052-6301 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 568 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2006.09.005 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 161TO UT WOS:000246039200006 ER PT J AU van Drongelen, W Lee, HC Stevens, RL Hereld, M AF van Drongelen, Wim Lee, Hyong C. Stevens, Rick L. Hereld, Mark TI Propagation of seizure-like activity in a model of neocortex SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on An Overview of Epilepsy Research - What, Where, When and Why CY MAY 19-20, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neuroengn Res DE neocortex; epilepsy; ictal activity; seizure propagation; neocortical microcircuitry; computational model ID EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; NETWORK MODEL; IN-VIVO; INTERICTAL SPIKES; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; CALCIUM; SLICES; INTERNEURONS; INPUT AB Seizures in pediatric epilepsy are often associated with spreading, repetitive bursting activity in neocortex. The authors examined onset and propagation of seizure-like activity using a computational model of cortical circuitry. The model includes two pyramidal cell types and four types of inhibitory interneurons. Eac neuron is represented by a multicompartmental model with biophysically realistic ion channels. The authors determined the role o bursting neurons and found that their capability of driving network oscillations is most prominent in networks with either weak or relatively strong excitatory synaptic coupling. Synaptic coupling strength was varied in a separate set of simulations to examine its role in network bursting. Oscillations both between cortical layers (vertical oscillations) and between cortical areas (horizontal oscillations) emerge at moderate excitatory coupling strengths. For horizontal propagation, existence of a fast-conducting fiber system and its properties are critical. Seizure-like oscillatory activity may originate from single neurons or small networks, and that activity may propagate in two principal fashions: one that can be represented by a unidirectional (pacemaker)-type process and the other as multi- or bidirectional propagating waves. The frequency of the bursting patterns relates to underlying propagating activity that can either sustain or disrupt the ongoing oscillation. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Drongelen, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, C372,MC 3055,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wvandron@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu OI van Drongelen, Wim/0000-0001-8950-5424; Hereld, Mark/0000-0002-0268-2880 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0736-0258 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1097/WNP.0b013e318039b4de PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 156KS UT WOS:000245647400012 PM 17414974 ER PT J AU Hereld, M Stevens, RL Lee, HC van Drongelen, W AF Hereld, Mark Stevens, Rick L. Lee, Hyong C. van Drongelen, Wim TI Framework for interactive million-neuron simulation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on An Overview of Epilepsy Research - What, Where, When and Why CY MAY 19-20, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neuroengn Res DE computer simulation; realistic modeling; parallel computation; neocortex; epilepsy ID SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY; NEOCORTEX; ORGANIZATION; INPUT AB Large simulations have become increasingly complex in many fields, tending to incorporate scale-dependent modeling and algorithms and wide-ranging physical influences. This scale of simulation sophistication has not yet been matched in neuroscience. The authors describe a framework aimed at enabling natural interaction with complex simulations: their configuration, initial conditions, monitoring, and analysis. The architecture is built on three cornerstone components: active probes, adaptive data capture, and visual interface. The resulting synthesis will enable interactive exploration of live simulations running on supercomputing platforms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hereld, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM hereld@mcs.anl.gov OI van Drongelen, Wim/0000-0001-8950-5424; Hereld, Mark/0000-0002-0268-2880 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0736-0258 EI 1537-1603 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1097/WNP.0b013e3180337703 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 156KS UT WOS:000245647400013 PM 17414975 ER PT J AU Lee, SL Gear, CW AF Lee, Steven L. Gear, C. William TI Second-order accurate projective integrators for multiscale problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE stability stiff; explicit; teleprojective integration; parabolic; multiscale ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; CHEBYSHEV METHODS; SYSTEMS; SOLVERS; ODES AB We introduce new projective versions of second-order accurate Runge-Kutta and Adams-Bashforth methods, and demonstrate their use as outer integrators in solving stiff differential systems. An important outcome is that the new outer integrators. when combined with an inner telescopic projective integrator, can result in fully explicit methods with adaptive outer step size selection and solution accuracy comparable to those obtained by implicit integrators. If the stiff differential equations are not directly available, our formulations and stability analysis are general enough to allow the combined outer-inner projective integrators to be applied to legacy codes or perform a coarse-grained time integration of microscopic systems to evolve macroscopic behavior, for example. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM slee@llnl.gov; wgear@princeton.edu NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 1 BP 258 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2006.02.018 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 139AS UT WOS:000244405000021 ER PT J AU Palandage, K Fernando, GW Kocharian, AN Davenport, JW AF Palandage, Kalum Fernando, Gayanath W. Kocharian, Armen N. Davenport, James W. TI An exact study of pairing fluctuations and phase diagrams in four-site Hubbard Nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Synergy Between Experiment and Computation in Nanoscale Science CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2006 CL Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA HO Harvard Univ DE nanoclusters; pairing; Hubbard model; phase diagrams ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; REEXAMINATION; BINDING; MODEL; STATE AB Charge-spin separation and pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps are studied using the analytical eigenvalues of the four-site Hubbard Nanoclusters with the grand canonical and canonical ensemble approaches in a multidimensional parameter space of temperature (T), magnetic field (h), on-site interaction (U), chemical potential (mu), and number of electrons (N). The electron charge energy gap, with one hole off half filling, corresponds to an excitonic particle-hole pair binding energy Delta(e-h) > 0 at U > U-c and vanishes at a critical parameter U-c = 4.584. For U < U-c, particle-particle pair binding is found with a pairing energy Delta(p) > 0. In addition, for U <= U-c we find an electron pair binding instability at finite temperature near N approximate to 3, which manifests a possible pairing mechanism, a precursor to superconductivity, in small clusters. The resulting phase diagram, consisting of charge and spin pseudogaps, hole pairing near 1/8th filling with hole-rich and hole-poor regions in the ensemble of Nanoclusters, closely resembles the phase diagrams in the family of doped high-T-c-cuprates. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernando, GW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM fernando@phy.uconn.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s10820-006-9024-y PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 147DH UT WOS:000244983100013 ER PT J AU Andriamonje, S Aune, S Autiero, D Barth, K Belov, A Beltran, B Brauninger, H Carmona, JM Cebrian, S Collar, JI Dafni, T Davenport, M Di Lella, L Eleftheriadis, C Englhauser, J Fanourakis, G Ribas, EF Fischer, H Franz, J Friedrich, P Geralis, T Giomataris, I Gninenko, S Gomez, H Hasinoff, M Heinsius, FH Hoffmann, DHH Irastorza, IG Jacoby, J Jakovcic, K Kang, D Konigsmann, K Kotthaus, R Krcmar, M Kousouris, K Kuster, M Lakic, B Lasseur, C Liolios, A Ljubicic, A Lutz, G Luzon, G Miller, D Morales, A Morales, J Ortiz, A Papaevangelou, T Placci, A Raffelt, G Riege, H Rodriguez, A Ruz, J Savvidis, I Semertzidis, Y Serpico, P Stewart, L Vieira, J Villar, J Vogel, J Walckiers, L Zioutas, K AF Andriamonje, S. Aune, S. Autiero, D. Barth, K. Belov, A. Beltran, B. Braeuninger, H. Carmona, J. M. Cebrian, S. Collar, J. I. Dafni, T. Davenport, M. Di Lella, L. Eleftheriadis, C. Englhauser, J. Fanourakis, G. Ribas, E. Ferrer Fischer, H. Franz, J. Friedrich, P. Geralis, T. Giomataris, I. Gninenko, S. Gomez, H. Hasinoff, M. Heinsius, F. H. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Irastorza, I. G. Jacoby, J. Jakovcic, K. Kang, D. Konigsmann, K. Kotthaus, R. Krcmar, M. Kousouris, K. Kuster, M. Lakic, B. Lasseur, C. Liolios, A. Ljubicic, A. Lutz, G. Luzon, G. Miller, D. Morales, A. Morales, J. Ortiz, A. Papaevangelou, T. Placci, A. Raffelt, G. Riege, H. Rodriguez, A. Ruz, J. Savvidis, I. Semertzidis, Y. Serpico, P. Stewart, L. Vieira, J. Villar, J. Vogel, J. Walckiers, L. Zioutas, K. CA CAST Collaboration TI An improved limit on the axion-photon coupling from the CAST experiment SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic; fields; axions ID SOLAR AXIONS; DARK-MATTER; INVISIBLE AXION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CP CONSERVATION; HARMLESS AXION; QUARK MASSES; SEARCH; PARTICLES; INVARIANCE AB We have searched for solar axions or similar particles that couple to two photons by using the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) set-up with improved conditions in all detectors. From the absence of excess x-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun, we set an upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g(a gamma) < 8.8 x 10(-11) GeV-1 at 95% CL for m(a) less than or similar to 0.02 eV. This result is the best experimental limit over a broad range of axion masses and for m(a) less than or similar to 0.02 eV also supersedes the previous limit derived from energy-loss arguments on globular cluster stars. C1 DAPNIA, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Zaragoza, Spain. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, KICP, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Athens, Greece. Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. GSI Darmstadt, Gesellsch Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Angew Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Patras, Patras, Greece. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andriamonje, S (reprint author), DAPNIA, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Dafni, Theopisti /J-9646-2012; Kuster, Markus/C-5742-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; Carmona, Jose/H-3732-2015; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; OI Luzon Marco, Gloria/0000-0002-5352-1884; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Dafni, Theopisti /0000-0002-8921-910X; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Carmona, Jose/0000-0003-2264-2306; Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert/0000-0002-9545-5117 NR 78 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 010 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/010 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 168VG UT WOS:000246551500010 ER PT J AU Cuoco, A Hannestad, S Haugbolle, T Miele, G Serpico, PD Tu, H AF Cuoco, A. Hannestad, S. Haugbolle, T. Miele, G. Serpico, P. D. Tu, H. TI The signature of large scale structures on the very high energy gamma ray sky SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; dark matter; neutrino and gamma astronomy; superclusters and voids ID DARK-MATTER; COSMIC-RAYS; POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXY; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; PARTICLE; BLAZARS; MODEL; CODE AB If the diffuse extragalactic gamma ray emission traces the large scale structures of the universe, peculiar anisotropy patterns are expected in the gamma ray sky. In particular, because of the cut-off distance introduced by the absorption of 0.1-10 TeV photons on the infrared/optical background, prominent correlations with the local structures within a range of few hundreds of Mpc should be present. We provide detailed predictions of the signal based on the PSCz map of the local universe. We also use mock N-body catalogues complemented with the halo model of structures to study some statistical features of the expected signatures. The results are largely independent of cosmological details, and depend mostly on the index of correlation (or bias) of the sources with respect to the large scale distribution of galaxies. For instance, the predicted signal in the case of a quadratic correlation (as may happen for a dark matter annihilation contribution to the diffuse gamma flux) differs substantially from a linear correlation case, providing a complementary tool for unveiling the nature of the sources of the diffuse gamma ray emission. The chances for the present and future space and ground based observatories to measure these features are discussed. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Cuoco, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM cuoco@na.infn.it; sth@phys.au.dk; haugboel@phys.au.dk; miele@na.infn.it; serpico@fnal.gov; huitzut@uci.edu RI Miele, Gennaro/F-3628-2010; Haugbolle, Troels/L-7984-2014 OI Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; Haugbolle, Troels/0000-0002-9422-8684 NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/013 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 168VG UT WOS:000246551500013 ER PT J AU Feldstein, B Tweedie, B AF Feldstein, Brian Tweedie, Brock TI Density perturbations in chain inflation SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmological perturbation theory; cosmological phase transitions; inflation; physics of the early universe ID UNIVERSE SCENARIO; PHASE-TRANSITION AB We consider the model of 'chain inflation,' in which the period of inflation in our universe took the form of a long sequence of quantum tunnelling events. We. nd that in the simplest such scenario, in which the tunnelling processes are uniform, approximately 104 vacua per e-folding of inflation are required in order for the density perturbations produced to be of an acceptable size. We arrive at this conclusion through a combination of analytic and numerical techniques, which could also serve as starting points for calculations with more general sets of assumptions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feldstein, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bfeldste@socrates.berkeley.edu; brock@berkeley.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 020 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/020 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 168VG UT WOS:000246551500020 ER PT J AU Linder, EV AF Linder, Eric V. TI Cosmology with x-ray cluster baryons SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy theory; classical tests of cosmology ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; DARK-ENERGY; FRACTION; EVOLUTION; MASS AB X-ray cluster measurements interpreted with a universal baryon/ gas mass fraction can theoretically serve as a cosmological distance probe. We examine issues of cosmological sensitivity for current (e. g. Chandra Xray Observatory, XMM-Newton) and next-generation (e. g. Con-X, XEUS) observations, along with systematic uncertainties and biases. To give competitive next-generation constraints on dark energy, we. nd that systematics will need to be controlled to better than 1% and any evolution in f(gas) (and other cluster gas properties) must be calibrated so the residual uncertainty is weaker than (1 + z) (0.03). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 004 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 168VG UT WOS:000246551500004 ER PT J AU Bishop, SM Reynolds, CL Liliental-Weber, Z Uprety, Y Zhu, J Wang, D Park, M Molstad, JC Barnhardt, DE Shrivastava, A Sudarshan, TS Davis, RF AF Bishop, S. M. Reynolds, C. L., Jr. Liliental-Weber, Z. Uprety, Y. Zhu, J. Wang, D. Park, M. Molstad, J. C. Barnhardt, D. E. Shrivastava, A. Sudarshan, T. S. Davis, R. F. TI Polytype stability and microstructural characterization of silicon carbide epitaxial films grown on [11(2)over bar0]- and [0001]-oriented silicon carbide substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE silicon carbide (SiC); chemical vapor deposition (CVD); polytype replication; x-ray diffraction (XRD); cathodoluminescence (CL); Raman spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); atomic force microscopy (AFM) ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SCATTERING CHARACTERIZATION; STEP-CONTROLLED EPITAXY; 4H-SIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; 11(2)OVER-BAR-0 DIRECTIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SIC POLYTYPES; POWER DEVICES; LAYERS; 6H AB The polytype and surface and defect microstructure of epitaxial layers grown on 4H(1120), 4H(0001) on-axis, 4H(0001) 8 degrees off-axis, and 6H(0001) on-axis substrates have been investigated. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the epitaxial layers on 4H(1120) and 4H(0001) 80 off-axis to have the 4H-SiC (silicon carbide) polytype, while the 3C-SiC polytype was identified for epitaxial layers on 4H(0001) and 6H(0001) on-axis substrates. Cathodoluminescence (CL), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed these results. The epitaxial surface of 4H(1120) films was specular with a roughness of 0.16-nm root-mean-square (RMS), in contrast to the surfaces of the other epitaxial layer-substrate orientations, which contained curvilinear boundaries, growth pits (similar to 3 x 104 cm(-2)), triangular defects >100 mu m, and significant step bunching. Molten KOH etching revealed large defect densities within 4H(1120) films that decreased with film thickness to similar to 10(6) cm(-2) at 2.5 mu m, while cross-sectional TEM studies showed areas free of defects and an indistinguishable film-substrate interface for 4H(1120) epitaxial layers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Nanophoton, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Maxion Technol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bishop, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM seann_bishop@ncsu.edu RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Uprety, Youaraj/C-8104-2015; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Uprety, Youaraj/0000-0001-9101-2063; Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0076-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600005 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, Y Hill, DH Arena, DA Bartynski, RA Cosandey, F Al-Sharab, JF Wielunski, L Gateau, R Dvorak, J Moodenbaugh, A Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P. Saraf, G. Lu, Y. Hill, D. H. Arena, D. A. Bartynski, R. A. Cosandey, F. Al-Sharab, J. F. Wielunski, L. Gateau, R. Dvorak, J. Moodenbaugh, A. Raley, J. A. Yeo, Yung Kee TI Magnetic properties of Fe-implanted ZnO nanotips grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE spintronics; ferromagnetism; ZnO; implantation ID FERROMAGNETISM; FIELD AB Fe ions were implanted into well-aligned single-crystal ZnO nanotips grown on SiO2/quartz substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The Fe ion concentration distribution within a single nanotip is mapped by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the nanotips imaged by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) identified the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in both as-implanted and annealed samples. However, Fe3+ ion concentration increased during postannealing. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements show that the as-implanted and postannealed ZnO nanotips are ferromagnetic at room temperature. The observed ferromagnetism in the as-implanted nanotips is primarily attributed to the near surface 10-nm region that has high Fe concentration. The saturation magnetization reduces after annealing. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Lab Surface Modificat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, P (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0110-z PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600043 ER PT J AU Straatman, AG Gallego, NC Yu, Q Thompson, BE AF Straatman, A. G. Gallego, N. C. Yu, Q. Thompson, B. E. TI Characterization of porous carbon foam as a material for compact recuperators SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers (ASME), Int Gas Turbine Inst ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; METAL FOAMS; FLOW; MODEL AB Experiments are presented to quantify the convective heat transfer and hydrodynamic loss that is obtained by forcing water through blocks of porous carbon foam (PCF) heated from one side. The experiments were conducted in a small-scale water tunnel instrumented to measure the pressure drop and temperature rise of the water passing through the blocks and the base temperature and heat flux into the foam block. In comparison to similar porosity aluminum foam, the present results indicate that the pressure drop across the porous carbon foam is higher due to the large hydrodynamic loss associated with the cell windows connecting the pores, but the heat transfer performance suggests that there may be a significant advantage to using PCF over aluminum foam for extended surface convection elements in recuperators and electronic cooling devices. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. Thermalcentr Inc, London, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Thermalcentr Inc, London, ON N6G 4K1, Canada. RP Straatman, AG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. OI Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 326 EP 330 DI 10.1115/1.2436562 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 159AA UT WOS:000245836300004 ER PT J AU Chorpening, BT Thornton, JD Huckaby, ED Benson, KJ AF Chorpening, B. T. Thornton, J. D. Huckaby, E. D. Benson, K. J. TI Combustion oscillation monitoring using flame ionization in a turbulent premixed combustor SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th ASME Turbo Expo 2004 CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ASME ID DETECTOR AB To achieve very low NOx emission levels, lean-premixed gas turbine combustors have been commercially implemented that operate near the fuel-lean flame extinction limit. Near the lean limit, however flashback, lean blow off, and combustion dynamics have appeared as problems during operation. To help address these operational problems, a combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS) for gas turbine combustors is being developed. CCADS uses the electrical properties of the flame to detect key events and monitor critical operating parameters within the combustor Previous development efforts have shown the capability of CCADS to monitor flashback and equivalence ratio. Recent work has focused on detecting and measuring combustion instabilities. A highly instrumented atmospheric combustor has been used to measure the pressure oscillations in the combustor the OH emission, and the flame ion field at the premix injector outlet and, along the walls of the combustor This instrumentation allows examination of the downstream extent of the combustion field using both the OH emission and the corresponding electron and ion distribution near the walls of the combustor. In most cases, the strongest pressure oscillation dominates the frequency behavior of the OH emission and the flame, ion signals. Using this highly instrumented combustor tests were run over a matrix of equivalence ratios from 0.6 to 0.8, with an inlet reference velocity of 25 m/s (82 ft/s). The acoustics of the fuel system for the combustor were tuned using an active-passive technique with an adjustable quarter-wave resonator Although several statistics were investigated for correlation with the dynamic pressure in the combustor the best correlation was found with the standard deviation of the guard current. The data show a monotonic relationship between the standard deviation of the guard current (the current through the flame at the premix injector outlet) and the standard deviation of the chamber pressure. Therefore, the relationship between the standard deviation of the guard current and the standard deviation of the pressure is the most promising for monitoring the dynamic pressure of the combustor using the flame ionization signal. This addition to the capabilities of CCADS would allow for dynamic pressure monitoring on commercial gas turbines, without a pressure transducer C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Woodward, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. RP Chorpening, BT (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM benjamin.chorpening@netl.doe.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1115/1.2431390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 159AA UT WOS:000245836300007 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, Richard M. TI A comprehensive theory of yielding and failure for isotropic materials SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PLASTICITY; CRITERIA AB A theory of yielding and failure for homogeneous and isotropic materials is given. The theory is calibrated by two independent, measurable properties and from those it predicts possible failure for any given state of stress. It also differentiates between ductile yielding and brittle failure. The explicit ductile-brittle criterion depends not only upon the material specification through the two properties, but also and equally importantly depends upon the type of imposed stress state. The Mises criterion is a special (limiting) case of the present theory. A close examination of this case shows that the Mises material idealization does not necessarily imply ductile behavior under all conditions, only under most conditions. When the first invariant of the yield/failure stress state is sufficiently large relative to the distortional part, brittle failure will be expected to occur For general material types, it is shown that it is possible to have a state of spreading plastic flow, but as the elastic-plastic boundary advances, the conditions for yielding on it can change over to conditions for brittle failure because of the evolving stress state. The general theory is of a three-dimensional,form and it applies to full density materials for which the yield/failure strength in uniaxial tension is less than or at most equal to the magnitude of that in uniaxial compression. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM christensen@stanford.edu NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1115/1.2712847 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 165TB UT WOS:000246327500001 ER PT J AU Schajer, GS Prime, MB AF Schajer, Gary S. Prime, Michael B. TI Residual stress solution extrapolation for the slitting method using equilibrium constraints SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INVERSE SOLUTIONS AB Established methods for calculating residual stresses from the strains measured when using the slitting method give results for the stresses that exist within the depth range of the slit. Practical considerations typically limit this range to about 90-95% of the specimen thickness. Force and moment equilibrium can provide additional information that may be used to estimate the residual stresses in the "no-data" region within the remaining ligament beyond the maximum slit depth. Three different numerical methods to calculate the residual stress profile over the entire specimen thickness are investigated. They are truncated Legendre series, regularized Legendre series, and regularized unit pulses. In tests with simulated strain data and with strain data measured on a cold compressed 7050-T7452 Aluminum hand forging, the three methods gave generally similar stress results in the central region of the specimen. At small depths, where the strain sensitivity to the residual stresses is low, the two regularized calculation methods tended to give more stable results. In the area of very large depth beyond the maximum depth of the slit, the regularized Legendre series solution generally gave the most realistic stress results. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schajer, GS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, 6250 Appl Sci Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM schajer@mech.ubc.ca OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1115/1.2400281 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 165TB UT WOS:000246327500009 ER PT J AU Amine, K Chen, ZH Kang, SH AF Amine, K. Chen, Zonghai Kang, S.-H. TI Impacts of fluorine on the electrochemical properties of Li[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O-2 and Li[Li0.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55]O-2 SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE lithium-ion battery; positive electrode materials; fluorination ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; T(NUMBER)2-LI2/3CO2/3MN1/3O2 SYSTEM; IN-SITU; ELECTRODE; BEHAVIOR; CELLS; AL AB The impact of the fluorine substitution on the electrochemical properties of layered lithium nickel manganese positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries is summarized. The addition of a controlled amount of fluorine to the oxygen lattice can effectively improve the capacity retention as well as reduce the impedance of the positive electrode materials. The fluorination of the nickel and manganese based layered oxide cathode material has also led to significant improvement in cycle life and power capability of the battery. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Chem Technol Program, Chem Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Chem Technol Program, Chem Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 128 IS 4 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.10.017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 164SZ UT WOS:000246256000003 ER PT J AU Bena, I Diaconescu, DE Florea, B AF Bena, Iosif Diaconescu, Duiliu-Emanuel Florea, Bogdan TI Black string entropy and Fourier-Mukai transform SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; black holes in string theory ID CALABI-YAU THREEFOLDS; GREEN-SCHWARZ MECHANISM; F-THEORY; MIRROR SYMMETRY; 5 DIMENSIONS; SUPERSYMMETRIC SOLUTIONS; MICROSCOPIC ENTROPY; BPS SPECTRUM; YANG-MILLS; HOLES AB We propose a microscopic description of black strings in F-theory based on string duality and Fourier-Mukai transform. These strings admit several different microscopic descriptions involving D-brane as well as M2 or M5-brane configurations on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds. In particular our results can also be interpreted as an asymptotic microstate count for D6-D2-D0 configurations in the limit of large D2-charge on the elliptic fiber. The leading behavior of the microstate degeneracy in this limit is shown to agree with the macroscopic entropy formula derived from the black string supergravity solution. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bena, I (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM iosif.bena@cea.fr; duiliu@physics.rutgers.edu; bflorea@slac.stanford.edu NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 45 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2007/04/045 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400045 ER PT J AU Casalderrey-Solana, J Teaney, D AF Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge Teaney, Derek TI Transverse momentum broadening of a fast quark in a N=4 Yang- ills plasma SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AdS-CFT correspondence; thermal field theory ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; GLUON PLASMA; ELLIPTIC FLOW; STRING THEORY; COLLISIONS AB We compute the momentum broadening of a heavy fundamental charge propagating through a N = 4 Yang Mills plasma at large t' Hooft coupling. We do this by expressing the medium modification of the probe's density matrix in terms of a Wilson loop averaged over the plasma. We then use the AdS/CFT correspondence to evaluate this loop, by identifying the dual semi-classical string solution. The calculation introduces the type "1" and type "2" fields of the thermal field theory and associates the corresponding sources with the two boundaries of the AdS space containing a black hole. The transverse fluctuations of the endpoints of the string determine kappa(T) = root gamma lambda T-3 pi - the mean squared momentum transfer per unit time. (gamma is the Lorentz gamma factor of the quark.) The result reproduces previous results for the diffusion coefficient of a heavy quark. We compare our results with previous AdS/CFT calculations of (q) over cap. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Casalderrey-Solana, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JCasalderrey-Solana@lbl.gov; dteaney@astate.edu NR 57 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 39 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400039 ER PT J AU Green, D AF Green, Daniel TI Nothing for branes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; tachyon condensation AB Recent work on closed string tachyon condensation suggests the existence of a 'nothing state' where closed strings and space itself vanish. We consider the evolution of D-branes in such backgrounds, focusing on the early stages of the condensation process. We find evidence that the branes exist in the region; although, generically their apparent mass grows exponentially with time. However, there exist specific branes whose boundary states are unaltered by the tachyon. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Green, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM drgreen@stanford.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 025 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400025 ER PT J AU Kaneko, T Aoki, S Della Morte, M Hashimoto, S Hoffmann, R Sommer, R AF Kaneko, Takashi Aoki, Sinya Della Morte, Michele Hashimoto, Shoji Hoffmann, Roland Sommer, Rainer CA CP PACS JLQCD ALPHA Collabo TI Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current with three dynamical flavors and the Iwasaki gauge action SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lattice QCD; lattice gauge field theories ID HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; LATTICE QCD; O(A) IMPROVEMENT; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; WILSON FERMIONS; HMC ALGORITHM; SIGMA MODEL; RENORMALIZATION; SIMULATIONS; QUARKS AB We perform a non-perturbative determination of the improvement coefflcient CA to remove O(a) discretization errors in the axial vector current in three-flavor lattice QCD with the Iwasaki gauge action and the standard O(a)-improved Wilson quark action. An improvement condition with a good sensitivity to C-A is imposed at constant physics. Combining our results with the perturbative expansion, C-A is now known rather precisely for a(-1) greater than or similar to 1.6 GeV. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, Dept Phys, TH Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Kaneko, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM takashi.kaneko@kek.jp; saoki@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; dellamor@mail.cern.ch; shoji.hashimoto@kek.jp; hoffmann@pizero.colorado.edu; rainer.sommer@desy.de NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 092 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400092 ER PT J AU Lai, HL Nadolsky, P Pumplin, J Stump, D Tung, WK Yuan, CP AF Lai, Hung-Liang Nadolsky, Pavel Pumplin, Jonathan Stump, Daniel Tung, Wu-Ki Yuan, Chien-Peng TI The strange parton distribution of the nucleon: global analysis and applications SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hadronic colliders; parton model; QCD; deep inelastic scattering ID QUARK-ANTIQUARK ASYMMETRY; SEA; SCATTERING; PHYSICS; MODEL; QCD AB The strangeness degrees of freedom in the parton structure of the nucleon are explored in the global analysis framework, using the new CTEQ6.5 implementation of the general mass perturbative QCD formalism of Collins. We systematically determine the constraining power of available hard scattering experimental data on the magnitude and shape of the strange quark and anti-quark parton distributions. We find that current data favor a distinct shape of the strange sea compared to the isoscalar non-strange sea. A new reference parton distribution set, CTEQ6.5S0, and representative sets spanning the allowed ranges of magnitude and shape of the strange distributions, are presented. Some applications to physical processes of current interest in hadron collider phenomenology are discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Dept Nat Sci, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lai, HL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hllai@tmue.edu.tw; nadolsky@hep.anl.gov; pumplin@pa.msu.edu; stump@pa.msu.edu; tungw@u.washington.edu; yuan@pa.msu.edu NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 089 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400089 ER PT J AU Lunghi, E Matias, J AF Lunghi, Enrico Matias, Joaquim TI Huge right-handed current erects in B -> K*(K pi)l(+)l(-) in supersymmetry SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry phenomenology; B-physics; rare decays ID INDUCED CP ASYMMETRIES; LARGE TAN-BETA; X-S-GAMMA; STANDARD MODEL; LEADING LOGARITHMS; DECAYS; PHYSICS; EXTENSIONS; MU(+)MU(-); VIOLATION AB Transverse asymmetries in the decay B -> K*(K pi)l(+)l(-) are an extremely sensitive probe of right-handed flavour-changing neutral currents. We show how to include the contribution from the chiral partner of the electromagnetic operator on the transverse asymmetries at NLO in QCD factorization. We then consider supersymmetric models with non-minimal flavour violation in the down-squark sector. We include all the relevant experimental constraints and present a numerical formula for B -> X-s gamma that takes into account the most recent NNLO calculations. We show that the flavour-changing parameters of these models are poorly constrained by present data and allow for large effects on the transverse asymmetries that we consider. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RP Lunghi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lunghi@fnal.gov; matias@ifae.es RI Matias, Joaquim/E-7339-2016 OI Matias, Joaquim/0000-0002-3288-7246 NR 56 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2007 IS 4 AR 058 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 166RF UT WOS:000246396400058 ER PT J AU Jin, JM Miller, NL AF Jin, Jiming Miller, Norman L. TI Analysis of the impact of snow on daily weather variability in mountainous regions using MM5 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER; HYDROLOGY; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS AB The impacts of snow on daily weather variability, as well as the mechanisms of snowmelt over the Sierra Nevada, California-Nevada, mountainous region, were studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) forced by 6-h reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The analysis of two-way nested 36-12-km MM5 simulations during the 1998 snowmelt season (April-June) shows that the snow water equivalent (SWE) is underestimated when there are conditions with higher temperature and greater precipitation than observations. An observed daily SWE dataset derived from the snow telemetry network was assimilated into the Noah land surface model within MM5. This SWE assimilation reduces the warm bias. The reduction of the warm bias results from suppressed upward sensible heat flux caused by the decreased skin temperature. This skin temperature reduction is the result of the longer assimilated snow duration than in the model run without SWE assimilation. Meanwhile, the cooled surface leads to a more stable atmosphere, resulting in a decrease in the exaggerated precipitation. Additionally, the detailed analysis of the snowmelt indicates that the absence of vegetation fraction in the most sophisticated land surface model ( Noah) in the MM5 package results in an overestimation of solar radiation reaching the snow surface, giving rise to heavier snowmelt. An underestimated surface albedo also weakly contributes to the stronger snowmelt. The roles of the vegetation fraction and albedo in snowmelt are further verified by an additional offline simulation from a more realistic land surface model with advanced snow and vegetation schemes forced by the MM5 output. An improvement in SWE description is clearly seen in this offline simulation over the Sierra Nevada region. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 90-1116 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JimingJin@lbl.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1175/JHM565.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 162BK UT WOS:000246061100009 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Nag, A Goldstein, B AF Faeder, James R. Nag, Ambarish Goldstein, Byron TI Modeling GRB2 and SOS1-mediated Oligomerization of LAT: The Role of Valence Switching SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Faeder, James R.; Nag, Ambarish; Goldstein, Byron] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 178 SU 1 MA 89.30 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OL UT WOS:000209758203025 ER PT J AU Mans, J Tiemessen, CT Robinson, H Balbo, A Schuck, P Natarajan, K Margulies, DH AF Mans, Janet Tiemessen, C. T. Robinson, H. Balbo, A. Schuck, P. Natarajan, Kannan Margulies, D. H. TI X-ray Crystallographic Structures of Murine Cytomegalovirus MHC-I-like Molecules Reveal Distinct Modes of Exploitation of the MHC-I Fold SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mans, Janet; Tiemessen, C. T.] Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Mans, Janet; Natarajan, Kannan; Margulies, D. H.] NIAID, LI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Balbo, A.; Schuck, P.] NIH, OD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robinson, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 178 SU 1 MA 93.18 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OL UT WOS:000209758202046 ER PT J AU Morre, DJ Heald, SM Coleman, J Orczyk, J Jiang, Z Morre, DM AF Morre, D. J. Heald, S. M. Coleman, J. Orczyk, J. Jiang, Z. Morre, D. M. TI Structural observations of time dependent oscillatory behavior of (CUCl2)-Cl-II solutions measured via extended X-ray absorption fine structure. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper(II); hydroquinone (NADH) oxidase; CNOX; EXAFS; molecular and biological time keeping; redox potential; growth ID HEAVY-WATER; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; CELL-SURFACE; PERIOD; RHYTHM; CLOCK; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; GROWTH; SHELL AB Cell surface ECTO-NOX proteins exhibit a clock-related, temperature-independent entrainable pattern of periodic (24 min) oscillations in the rate of oxidation of NAD(P)H. Aqueous solutions of copper salts also oxidize NAD(P)H with a similar temperature-independent pattern. For both, five maxima are observed, two of which are separated by 6 min and the remaining three are separated by 4.5 min. In D2O, the pattern is retained but the period length is proportionately increased to 30 min in direct relationship to the 30 h circadian day observed with D2O-grown organisms. With copper solutions, periodic changes in redox potential correlate precisely with the periodic changes in the rates of NAD(P)H oxidation. Consequently, the local environment of the Cu2+ ion in copper chloride solutions was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Detailed extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses revealed a pattern of oscillations closely resembling those of the copper-catalyzed oxidation of NADH. With CuCl2 in D2O, a pattern with a period length of 30 min was observed. The findings suggest a regular pattern of distortion in the axial and/or equatorial oxygen atoms of the coordinated water molecules which correlate with redox potential changes sufficient to oxidize NADH. A metastable equilibrium condition in the ratio of ortho to para nuclear spin orientation of the water associated hydrogen atoms would be kinetically consistent with a 24-30 min timeframe. The temperature independence of the biological clock can thus be understood as the consequence of a physical rather than a chemical basis for the timing events. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, PNC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Morre, DJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Hansen Life Sci Res Bldg,201 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM morre@pharmacy.purdue.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 715 EP 726 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.12.010 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 155YY UT WOS:000245616000020 PM 17320185 ER PT J AU Galea, R Dodd, J Leltchouk, M Willis, W Rehak, P Tcherniatine, V AF Galea, R. Dodd, J. Leltchouk, M. Willis, W. Rehak, P. Tcherniatine, V. TI Charge transmission through liquid neon and helium surfaces SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE charge transport and multiplication in gas; charge transport and multiplication in liquid media; cryogenic detectors; hybrid detectors ID EXCESS ELECTRONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; HYDROGEN; EXTRACTION; STABILITY; BUBBLES AB The transmission of charges through liquid neon and helium surfaces was studied. It was found that the penetration of charges from the liquid to the gas phase is more complex than a simple barrier penetration. The effective surface trapping times of localized electrons in liquid neon is much longer than previously measured. C1 [Galea, R.; Dodd, J.; Leltchouk, M.; Willis, W.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Rehak, P.; Tcherniatine, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Galea, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, 136 S Broadway,POB 137, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. EM galea@nevis.columbia.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 AR P04007 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/2/04/P04007 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 269LV UT WOS:000253651400002 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Park, HW Laws, KH Farrar, CR AF Sohn, Hoon Park, Hyun Woo Laws, Kincho H. Farrar, Charles R. TI Combination of a time reversal process and a consecutive outlier analysis for baseline-free damage diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; time reversal acoustics; consecutive outlier analysis; delamination; composites; generalized extreme value distribution ID FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICS AB A structural health monitoring system is developed for continuous online monitoring of delamination initiation and growth in composite structures. Structural health monitoring problems are often cast in the context of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm, in which a damage state of a structure is inferred by comparing test data with baseline data. However, subtle signal changes due to damage can often be masked by larger ambient variation of operational and environmental conditions of an in-service structure. Therefore, it is critical for the development of a robust monitoring system to minimize false-positive indications of damage caused by the undesired operational and environmental variation of the structure. The issue of minimizing damage misclassification has been addressed in this article by developing an instantaneous damage detection scheme that does not rely on past baseline data. The proposed instantaneous damage diagnosis is based on the concepts of time reversal acoustics and consecutive outlier analysis, and the proposed damage diagnosis has been tested for detecting delamination in composite plates. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Korea Bridge Design & Engn Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESAWR MS T006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, HW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Korea Bridge Design & Engn Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM hwpark91@snu.ac.kr RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008; Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 39 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1177/1045389X06066291 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149WH UT WOS:000245177100004 ER PT J AU Discalea, FL Matt, H Bartoli, I Coccia, S Park, G Farrar, C AF Discalea, Francesco Lanza Matt, Howard Bartoli, Ivan Coccia, Stefano Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles TI Health monitoring of UAV wing skin-to-spar joints using guided waves and macro fiber composite transducers SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE unmanned aerial vehicles; ultrasonic guided waves; macro fiber composites; discrete wavelet transform; structural health monitoring ID RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION; BONDED LAP JOINTS; LAMB WAVES; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; ADHESIVE JOINTS; INSPECTION; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; VELOCITY; PLATES AB This article deals with the monitoring of the composite wing skin-to-spar joint in unmanned aerial vehicles using ultrasonic guided waves. The study investigates simulated wing skin-to-spar joints with two different types of bond defects, namely poorly cured adhesive and disbonded interfaces. The bond-sensitive feature considered is the ultrasonic strength of transmission through the joints. The dispersive wave propagation problem is studied numerically by a semi-analytical finite element method that accounts for viscoelastic damping, and experimentally by ultrasonic testing that uses highly durable, flexible macro fiber composite transducers. The discrete wavelet transform is also employed to de-noise and compress the ultrasonic measurements. Both numerical and experimental tests confirm that the ultrasonic strength of transmission increases across the defected bonds. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, NDE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Struct Hlth Monitoring Lab, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Discalea, FL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, NDE, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM flanza@ucsd.edu RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; bartoli, ivan/I-7519-2015; OI bartoli, ivan/0000-0002-1236-9863; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 373 EP 388 DI 10.1177/1045389X06066528 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149WH UT WOS:000245177100007 ER PT J AU Ermolaev, SV Zhuikov, BL Kokhanyuk, VM Srivastava, SC AF Ermolaev, Stanislav V. Zhuikov, Boris L. Kokhanyuk, Vladimir M. Srivastava, Suresh C. TI Production yields of (117m)sn from natural antimony target in proton energy range 145-35 MeV SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Synthesis and Application of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds CY JUL 16-20, 2006 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE no-carrier-added Sn-117m; cross-sections; specific activity; high-temperature separation C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ermolaev, SV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. EM ermolaev@inr.ru NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 611 EP 612 DI 10.1002/jlcr.1307 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 206YK UT WOS:000249218600127 ER PT J AU Liu, XQ Kaminski, MD Riffle, JS Chen, HT Torno, M Finck, MR Taylor, L Rosengart, AJ AF Liu, Xianqiao Kaminski, Michael D. Riffle, Judy S. Chen, Haitao Torno, Michael Finck, Martha R. Taylor, LaToyia Rosengart, Axel J. TI Preparation and characterization of biodegradable magnetic carriers by single emulsion-solvent evaporation SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 17-30, 2006 CL IMC Univ Appl Sci, Krems, AUSTRIA HO IMC Univ Appl Sci DE magnetic carrier; biodegradable; magnetic target drug delivery; magnetite ID NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; PLA AB This paper describes a single emulsion-solvent evaporation protocol to prepare PEGylated biodegradable/biocompatible magnetic carriers by utilizing hydrophobic magnetite and a mixture of poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid-block-polyethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) (26:1 by mass) polymers. We characterized the magnetic microspheres in terms of morphology, composite microstructure, size and size distribution, and magnetic properties. Results show that the preparation produces magnetic microspheres with a good spherical morphology, small size (mean diameter of 1.2-1.5 mu m) by means of large size distributions, and magnetizations up to 20-30 emu/g of microspheres. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM arosenga@uchicago.edu NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.1170 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154RJ UT WOS:000245524800019 ER PT J AU Garcia, AA Egatz-Gomez, A Lindsay, SA Dominguez-Garcia, P Melle, S Marquez, M Rubio, MA Picraux, ST Yang, DQ Aella, P Hayes, MA Gust, D Loyprasert, S Vazquez-Alvarez, T Wang, J AF Garcia, Antonio A. Egatz-Gomez, Ana Lindsay, Solitaire A. Dominguez-Garcia, P. Melle, Sonia Marquez, Manuel Rubio, Miguel A. Picraux, S. T. Yang, Dongqing Aella, P. Hayes, Mark A. Gust, Devens Loyprasert, Suchera Vazquez-Alvarez, Terannie Wang, Joseph TI Magnetic movement of biological fluid droplets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 17-30, 2006 CL IMC Univ Appl Sci, Krems, AUSTRIA HO IMC Univ Appl Sci DE drop; microfluidics; paramagnetic particle; superhydrophobic surface; carbonyl iron microparticle; nanowire; albumin; serum ID SURFACES; DROPS AB Magnetic fields can be used to control the movement of aqueous drops on non-patterned, silicon nanowire superhydrophobic surfaces. Drops of aqueous and biological fluids are controlled by introducing magnetizable carbonyl iron microparticles into the liquid. Key elements of operations such as movement, coalescence, and splitting of water and biological fluid drops, as well as electrochemical measurement of an analyte are demonstrated. Superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared using vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth systems followed by coating with a perfluorinated hydrocarbon molecule. Drops were made from aqueous and biological fluid suspensions with magnetizable microparticle concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 wt%. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Opt, Madrid 28037, Spain. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Fis Fundamental, Madrid 28040, Spain. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garcia, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM tony.garcia@asu.edu RI rubio, miguel/A-4093-2008; Egatz-Gomez, Ana/B-7213-2011; Dominguez-Garcia, Pablo/B-2443-2009; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; OI rubio, miguel/0000-0002-4210-0443; Dominguez-Garcia, Pablo/0000-0002-1703-8967; Melle, Sonia/0000-0002-9802-6908 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.1149 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154RJ UT WOS:000245524800050 ER PT J AU Aviles, MO Chen, HT Ebner, AD Rosengart, AJ Kaminski, MD Ritter, JA AF Aviles, Misael O. Chen, Haitao Ebner, Armin D. Rosengart, Axel J. Kaminski, Michael D. Ritter, James A. TI In vitro study of ferromagnetic stents for implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 17-30, 2006 CL IMC Univ Appl Sci, Krems, AUSTRIA HO IMC Univ Appl Sci DE implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting; magnetic drug targeting; intravascular ferromagnetic stent; drug delivery; magnetic drug carrier particle; in vitro ID CARRIER PARTICLE CAPTURE; CANCER-TREATMENT; DELIVERY; MICROSPHERES; RETENTION AB Implant-assisted-magnetic drug targeting (IA-MDT) was studied in vitro using a coiled ferromagnetic wire stent made from stainless steel 430 or 304, and magnetic drug carrier particle (MDCP) surrogates composed of poly(styrene/divinyl benzene) embedded with 20 wt% magnetite. The fluid velocity, particle concentration, magnetic field strength, and stent material all proved to be important for capturing the MDCP surrogates. Overall, this in vitro study further confirmed the important role of the ferromagnetic implant for attracting and retaining MDCPs at the target zone. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ritter, JA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ritter@engr.sc.edu NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.156 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154RJ UT WOS:000245524800063 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Chen, LH Askew, T Veal, B Hull, J AF Cha, Yung Chen, Lihua Askew, Thomas Veal, Boyd Hull, John TI Manipulation of magnetic carriers for drug delivery using pulsed-current high T-c superconductors SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 17-30, 2006 CL IMC Univ Appl Sci, Krems, AUSTRIA HO IMC Univ Appl Sci DE magnetic carrier; superconductor; drug delivery; trapped magnetic field; pulsed power supply ID NANOPARTICLES; BIOMEDICINE; DIFFUSION; FIELDS AB An innovative method of manipulating magnetic carriers is proposed, and its feasibility for drug delivery and therapy is demonstrated experimentally. The proposed method employs pulsed-field solenoid coils with high-critical- temperature (T-c) superconductor inserts. Pulsed current is used to magnetize and de-magnetize the superconductor insert. The proposed method was demonstrated to be able to (1) move magnetic particles, ranging in size from a few millimeters to 10 mu m, with strong enough forces over a substantial distance, (2) hold the particles at a designated position as long as needed, and (3) reverse the processes and retrieve the particles. We further demonstrated that magnetic particles can be manipulated in a stationary environment, in water flow, and in simulated blood (water/ glycerol mixture) flow, (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kalamazoo Coll, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. RP Cha, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yscha@anl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.163 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154RJ UT WOS:000245524800064 ER PT J AU Xie, YM Kaminski, MD Torno, MD Finck, MR Liu, XQ Rosengart, AJ AF Xie, Yumei Kaminski, Michael D. Torno, Michael D. Finck, Martha R. Liu, Xianqiao Rosengart, Axel J. TI Physicochemical characteristics of magnetic microspheres containing tissue plasminogen activator SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 17-30, 2006 CL IMC Univ Appl Sci, Krems, AUSTRIA HO IMC Univ Appl Sci DE tissue plasminogen activator; magnetic; microsphere; thrombolysis; poly(lactic acid); poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ALTEPLASE AB As a first step toward improving the treatment of stroke, we are developing a magnetic carrier system to target tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to a thrombosis. We report the characterization of biodegradable microspheres containing tPA and magnetic iron oxide. The resultant microspheres were superparamagnetic with a magnetization of 6.9-8.7 emu/g. We encapsulated 5% tPA by mass which eluted from the microspheres to produce a solution concentration of 5.3-19.6 mu g/mL in tPA, which exceeds the theoretical thrombolysis concentration. Although smaller microspheres will be necessary for in vivo experiments, we have shown that sufficient tPA can be encapsulated and released in a magnetic matrix. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Program, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Program, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM arosenga@neurology.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 376 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.172 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154RJ UT WOS:000245524800076 ER PT J AU Yang, N Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Kramer, MJ Zhang, Y Lee, PL AF Yang, N. Dennis, K. W. McCallum, R. W. Kramer, M. J. Zhang, Y. Lee, P. L. TI Critical bond lengths and their role in spontaneous magnetostriction of R2Fe17CX(R = Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetostriction; rare-earth transition-metal compound; synchrotron; X-ray powder diffraction; rietveld refinement ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOSSBAUER; TRANSITION; CARBIDES AB High-energy high-flux synchrotron X-rays have been used to study the spontaneous magnetostriction of R2Fe17 (R = Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er) and their carbides in the temperature range 10-1100 K. Addition of interstitial carbon greatly increases both the Curie temperatures (T-C) and the spontaneous magnetostrain of the compounds, while reduces the anisotropy of the magnetostrain by expanding the distances between rare-earth and neighboring Fe sites. The increase of T-C with carbon is due to the increased spatial separation of the Fe hexagon layers. On the basal plane, the Fe hexagons are squeezed and the contribution of Fe sublattice to spontaneous magnetostriction is attenuated, while that of rare-earth sublattice is enhanced. The average bond magnetostrain around Fe sites are in linear relation with their hyperfine field intensities. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Ning.Yang@bruker-axs.com NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 2 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.08.026 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154GU UT WOS:000245495700025 ER PT J AU Levin, EM Shand, PM AF Levin, E. M. Shand, P. M. TI Electronic and magnetic phase transitions in (Sm0.65Sr0.35)MnO3 induced by temperature and magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE manganese oxide; magnetoresistance; DC magnetization; AC magnetic susceptibility ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MANGANITES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GD-5(SI2GE2) AB Temperature (4.2-260 K) and magnetic field (0-50 kOe) dependencies of the DC electrical resistance, DC magnetization, and AC magnetic susceptibility of (Sm0.65Sr0.35)MnO3 prepared from high purity components have been studied. (Sm(0.65)Sr(0.3)5)MnO3 undergoes a temperature-induced transition between low-temperature ferromagnetic metallic and high-temperature paramagnetic insulating-like states. A magnetic field strongly affects this transition resulting in a metallic state and "colossal" magneto resistance in the vicinity of the metal <-> insulator transition. Magnetic and electric properties of(Sm0.65Sr0.35)MnO3 are different compared to those reported earlier for similar composition, which is attributable to the purity of the starting materials and/or different process of synthesis. The character of phase transformations observed in (Sm0.65Sr0.35)MnO3 is compared to that reported for Gd-5(SixGe4-x) intermetallic alloys with a true first order phase transition. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Phys, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. RP Levin, EM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM levin@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 311 IS 2 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.08.033 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154GU UT WOS:000245495700032 ER PT J AU Choi, W Findikoglu, AT Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, M AF Choi, Woong Findikoglu, Alp T. Romero, Manuel J. Al-Jassim, Mowafak TI Effect of grain alignment on lateral carrier transport in aligned-crystalline silicon films on polycrystalline substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; TRANSISTORS; BOUNDARIES; MOBILITY AB We report the studies on the effect of grain alignment on lateral carrier transport in nominally (001)-oriented aligned-crystalline silicon (ACSi) films on polycrystalline substrates. With improving grain alignment, energy barrier height at the grain boundaries was reduced from 150 to less than 1 meV, and both conductivity and Hall mobility became less sensitive to hydrogen passivation. This suggests that the dangling bonds in ACSi films are a major source of trapping sites, and that they become less dominant with improving grain alignment. These results demonstrate that improving grain alignment enhances the lateral carrier transport in small-grained (<= 1 mu m) polycrystalline silicon films, by reducing dangling bond density at the grain boundaries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM findik@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 821 EP 825 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0105 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 154EK UT WOS:000245489400001 ER PT J AU Peng, B Li, C Moldovan, N Espinosa, HD Xiao, X Auciello, O Carlisle, JA AF Peng, B. Li, C. Moldovan, N. Espinosa, H. D. Xiao, X. Auciello, O. Carlisle, J. A. TI Fracture size effect in ultrananocrystalline diamond: Applicability of Weibull theory SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; MEMS; SILICON; POLYSILICON; METHODOLOGY; TOUGHNESS AB An analysis of size effects and doping on the strength of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films is presented. The doping was achieved by the addition of nitrogen gas to the Ar/CH4 microwave plasma. The strength data, obtained by means of the membrane deflection experiment (MDE) were interpreted using Weibull statistics. The validity and predictive capability of the theory were examined in conjunction with detailed fractographic and transmission electron microscopy microstructural analysis. The Weibull parameters were estimated nonlinear regression based on 480 tests when the specimen volume varied from 500 to 16,000 mu m(3). Both undoped and doped UNCD films exhibited a decrease in strength with an increase in specimen size. A significant drop in strength was measured when the films were doped with nitrogen. Such a drop was almost independent of the percentage of doping. The results also showed that one can predict the fracture strength of a component possessing any arbitrary volume to within +/- 3%. Moreover, the failure mode of UNCD was found to be volume controlled. We also report changes in Young's modulus as a function of doping for n-doped UNCD thin films. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Espinosa, HD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM espinosa@northwestern.edu RI Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0137 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 154EK UT WOS:000245489400014 ER PT J AU Elmustafa, AA Kose, S Stone, DS AF Elmustafa, A. A. Kose, S. Stone, D. S. TI The strain-rate sensitivity of the hardness in indentation creep SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; IMPRESSION CREEP; THIN-FILMS; GRAIN-SIZE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; DEFORMATION; NANOINDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURES AB Finite element analysis is used to simulate indentation creep experiments with a cone-shaped indenter. The purpose of the work is to help identify the relationship between the strain-rate sensitivity of the hardness, nu(H), and that of the flow stress, nu(sigma) in materials for which elastic deformations are significant. In general, nu(H) differs from v, but the ratio nu(H)/nu(sigma) is found to be a unique function of H/E* where H is the hardness and E* is the modulus relevant to Hertzian contact. nu(H)/nu(sigma) approaches 1 for small H/E*, 0 for large H/E*, and is insensitive to work hardening. The trend in nu(H)/nu(sigma) as a function of H/E* can be explained based on a generalized analysis of Tabor's relation in which hardness is proportional to the flow stress H = kx sigma(eff) and in which the proportionality factor k is a function of sigma(eff)/E*. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Jefferson Lab, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Elmustafa, AA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM aelmusta@odu.edu RI Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 926 EP 936 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0107 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 154EK UT WOS:000245489400015 ER PT J AU Stan, L Arendt, PN Usov, IO Wang, H Foltyn, SR Maiorov, B Groves, JR DePaula, RF Li, Y AF Stan, L. Arendt, P. N. Usov, I. O. Wang, H. Foltyn, S. R. Maiorov, B. Groves, J. R. DePaula, R. F. Li, Y. TI Engineered reactive cosputtered SmxZr1-xOy thin films as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; IBAD-MGO; GROWTH AB This study shows that biaxially textured SmxZr1-xOy (SZO) with a wide range of compositions (0.06 < x < 0.75) can be grown directly on ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) MgO template using reactive cosputtering. The SZO crystal structure can be changed, and the lattice parameter can be tailored (from 5.23 to 5.49 angstrom) by changing the composition. We have developed a simplified high-temperature superconducting coated conductor using SZO as the buffer layer. YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films grown by pulsed laser deposition on the SZO buffered IBAD MgO have self-field critical current densities (J(c)) in the 2-4 MA/cm(2) range. The in-field measurements demonstrate that high-quality YBCO films can be grown on SZO buffered IBAD MgO. The present results are especially important because they were obtained on coated conductors with the simpler architecture by eliminating the additional homoepitaxial layer of MgO. This translates in faster production and lower manufacturing cost. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stan, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lilianas@lanl.gov RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1086 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0138 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 154EK UT WOS:000245489400035 ER PT J AU Qiu, W Vohra, YK Weir, ST AF Qiu, Wei Vohra, Yogesh K. Weir, Samuel T. TI Role of nitrogen in the homoepitaxial growth on diamond anvils by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FILMS; METAL; CVD AB The catalytic effect of nitrogen during the homoepitaxial diamond growth on a diamond anvil was investigated using isotopically enriched carbon-13 methane in a feed-gas mixture in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. The use of isotopically enriched carbon-13 allows us to precisely measure the film thickness in this homoepitaxial growth process by Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the addition of 0.4 sccm of nitrogen to an H-2/CH4/O-2 gas-phase mixture increases the growth rate by a factor of 2.3. This enhanced growth rate with the addition of trace amounts of nitrogen allows for a quick encapsulation of embedded sensors in the designer diamond anvils and is a key control parameter in the fabrication process. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in the high-growth-rate diamonds. Atomic force microscopy reveals dramatic changes in the surface microstructure as is indicated by a total loss of step-flow growth morphology on the addition of nitrogen in the plasma. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vohra, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM ykvohra@uab.edu RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1117 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0118 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 154EK UT WOS:000245489400040 ER PT J AU Windes, WE Smith, C Wendt, D Erickson, A Walraven, J Lessing, PA AF Windes, W. E. Smith, C. Wendt, D. Erickson, A. Walraven, J. Lessing, P. A. TI Electrode coatings for high temperature hydrogen electrolysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CONDUCTIVITY; CATHODE AB A discussion of fabrication techniques and performance testing of solid oxide components for use in hydrogen steam electrolysis is presented. Novel plasma spray techniques are utilized to deposit the thin ceramic oxide electrode, electrolyte, and interconnect layers on a planar intermetallic bipolar plate. Optimal porosity is achieved within the electrode microstructure through mixed feed techniques that are a combination of dry powder feed and liquid solution injection. The perovskite anode coatings formed from liquid precursor feedstock require post-deposition annealing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to form the desired perovskite structures. Electrical conductivity measurements were measured for all electrodes and interconnect materials as a function of temperature to 1000 degrees C. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Windes, WE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2351 N Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM william.windes@inl.gov RI Wendt, Daniel/C-2205-2017 OI Wendt, Daniel/0000-0003-4491-4296 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2717 EP 2723 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-1406-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 153KC UT WOS:000245431200029 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Pratt, HD Hernandez-Sanchez, BA Lambert, TN Headley, TJ AF Boyle, Timothy J. Pratt, Harry D., III Hernandez-Sanchez, Bernadette A. Lambert, Timothy N. Headley, Thomas J. TI Synthesis and optical properties of naturally occurring fluorescent mineral, ferroan sphalerite, inspired (Fe,Zn)S nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR; MORPHOLOGY; PRECURSORS; ZN1-XFEXS; MICELLES; GROWTH; FAMILY AB Inspired by the naturally occurring fluorescent mineral, ferroan sphalerite, [(Fe, Zn) S] nanoparticles were synthesized by a three component reaction of [Fe(Mes)(2)](2) (Mes = mesityl or C6H2Me3-2,4,6), [Zn( Et)(ONep)(py)](2), and elemental S via both solution and solvothermal routes. The resultant nanoparticles are <= 3 nm and absorb at lambda(max) = 281 nm emitting a bright blue color (lambda(em) similar to 400 nm). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tjboyle@Sandia.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2792 EP 2795 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-1419-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 153KC UT WOS:000245431200038 ER PT J AU Le, T Chartrand, R Asaki, TJ AF Le, Triet Chartrand, Rick Asaki, Thomas J. TI A variational approach to reconstructing images corrupted by poisson noise SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL IMAGING AND VISION LA English DT Article DE image reconstruction; image processing; image denoising; total variation; Poisson noise; radiography ID ADAPTIVE REGULARIZATION; RESTORATION AB We propose a new variational model to denoise an image corrupted by Poisson noise. Like the ROF model described in [1] and [2], the new model uses total-variation regularization, which preserves edges. Unlike the ROF model, our model uses a data-fidelity term that is suitable for Poisson noise. The result is that the strength of the regularization is signal dependent, precisely like Poisson noise. Noise of varying scales will be removed by our model, while preserving low-contrast features in regions of low intensity. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Math, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Math, POB 208283, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM triet.le@yale.edu; rickc@lanl.gov; asaki@lanl.gov OI Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 NR 14 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-9907 J9 J MATH IMAGING VIS JI J. Math. Imaging Vis. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10851-007-0652-y PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 160XN UT WOS:000245977600005 ER PT J AU Bender, CM Darg, DW AF Bender, Carl M. Darg, Daniel W. TI Spontaneous breaking of classical PT symmetry SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HERMITIAN HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; TRAJECTORIES AB The classical trajectories of the family of complex PT-symmetric Hamiltonians H=p(2)+x(2)(ix)(epsilon) (epsilon >= 0) form closed orbits. All such complex orbits that have been studied in the past are PT symmetric (left-right symmetric). The periods of these orbits exhibit an unusual dependence on the parameter epsilon. There are regions in epsilon of smooth behavior interspersed with regions of rapid variation. It is demonstrated that the onset of rapid variation is associated with strange new kinds of classical trajectories that have never been seen previously. These rare kinds of trajectories are not PT symmetric and occur only for special rational values of epsilon. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM cmb@wustl.edu; daniel.darg@imperial.ac.uk NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 AR 042703 DI 10.1063/1.2720279 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 162FO UT WOS:000246072400010 ER PT J AU Khare, A Saxena, A AF Khare, Avinash Saxena, Avadh TI Domain wall and periodic solutions of coupled asymmetric double well models SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HYDROGEN-BONDED CHAIN; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; LANDAU THEORY; SOLITON PAIR; POTENTIALS; MOTION; KINK AB Coupled asymmetric double well (a phi(2)-b phi(3)+c phi(4)) one-dimensional potentials arise in the context of first order phase transitions both in condensed matter physics and field theory. Here we provide an exhaustive set of exact periodic solutions of such a coupled asymmetric model in terms of elliptic functions (domain wall arrays) and obtain single domain wall solutions in specific limits. We also calculate the energy and interaction between solitons for various solutions. Both topological (kinklike at T=T-c) and nontopological (pulselike for T not equal T-c) domain wall solutions are obtained. We relate some of these solutions to domain walls in hydrogen bonded materials and also in the field theory context. As a by-product, we also obtain a new one parameter family of kink solutions of the uncoupled asymmetric double well model. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Khare, A (reprint author), Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. EM khare@iopb.res.in; avadh@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 AR 043302 DI 10.1063/1.2716202 PG 19 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 162FO UT WOS:000246072400013 ER PT J AU Porwal, PK Beyerlein, IJ Phoenix, SL AF Porwal, Pankaj K. Beyerlein, Irene J. Phoenix, Stuart Leigh TI Statistical strength of twisted fiber bundles with load sharing controlled by frictional length scales SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE twisted fiber bundle or yarn; Monte Carlo simulation; statistical strength; global load sharing; characteristic length scales; friction effects; pressure development ID CARBON NANOTUBE YARNS AB We develop Monte Carlo simulation and theory to study the statistical strength characteristics of twisted fiber bundles. These consist of fibers that follow a Weibull distribution for strength with shape parameter rho, and are arranged in an ideal helical structure with surface helix angle alpha(s). Fiber interactions are considered in terms of frictional forces that control stress recovery along broken fibers away from the breaks. A twist- modified global load sharing ( TM- GLS) rule is developed for stress redistribution from fibers that are slipping and thus only partially loaded near the breaks. Expressions for the radial pressure distribution in the yarn and corresponding lengths of frictional zones in broken fibers in the various layers are derived considering the discrete nature of the fibers in the bundle. Three different characteristic length scales of strength development for a twisted bundle are proposed, which depend on friction coefficient, f, and surface twist angle, alpha(s). These are delta(min)(c), delta(avg)(c), or delta(max)(c), arising from the consideration of the minimum, average, or maximum stress recovery length among the fibers in the bundle along its axis. We show that the normalized strengths of a twisted bundle with length equal to any one of these characteristic lengths approximately follow a Gaussian distribution. Compared to a TM- ELS ( twist- modified equal load sharing) bundle, the TM- GLS bundle has improved strength because through friction a broken fiber can recover its stress within the bundle length. We also show that the relationship between the normalized bundle strength and alpha(s) depends on the characteristic length scale used: for delta(min)(c) the normalized strength drops quickly with alpha(s); for delta(avg)(c) it decreases as well, but at a slower rate; and for delta(max)(c) the normalized strength first attains a maximum at an optimal value of alpha(s) before ultimately decreasing with alpha(s). Finally, we compare the simulation results for optimal twist angle with experimental data in the literature and get excellent agreement. C1 [Porwal, Pankaj K.; Phoenix, Stuart Leigh] Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Porwal, PK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pkp2@cornell.edu; irene@lanl.gov; slp6@cornell.edu RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 773 EP 791 DI 10.2140/jomms.2007.2.773 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 306TB UT WOS:000256269600009 ER PT J AU Bolorizadeh, M Joy, DC AF Bolorizadeh, Mehdi Joy, David C. TI Effects of fast secondary electrons to low-voltage electron beam lithography SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE lithography; fast secondary electrons; elastic and inelastic collisions; Monte Carlo simulation ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXPOSURE; RESIST AB In 1981 A. N. Broers suggested that the spatial limit of direct writing electron beam lithography (DWEBL) would be limited to similar to 10 nm by the laterally scattered fast secondary electrons (FSE) even in atomically thin resist. One possible solution to this restriction would be to use low- or ultralow-energy electrons. Experiments and simulations have been carried out to quantify the contribution of FSE to the energy deposition that results in exposure of the resist over high-beam energies. To examine the effects of FSE on low-voltage operations, studies of electron-beam lithography (EBL) in the low- to ultralow-energy range, employing commonly used resists such as PMMA, were performed, and the results were compared to those from conventional high-voltage processing. DWEBL was performed in a Schottky field emission gun scanning electron microscope (SEM), used in cathode-lens mode for ultralow-voltage operation. The exposure characteristics and sensitivity of the system at these energies have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation methods. Saturation doses were calculated at low energies, which would give a useful condition to target for routine exposure because it ensures the critical dimensions will not be affected by any random changes in beam intensity. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Tennessee, Electron Beam Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bolorizadeh, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Electron Beam Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 AR 023004 DI 10.1117/1.2728899 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 195JK UT WOS:000248408300005 ER PT J AU Boyce, BL Grazier, JM Buchheit, TE Shaw, MJ AF Boyce, Brad L. Grazier, J. Mark Buchheit, Thomas E. Shaw, Michael J. TI Strength distributions in polycrystalline silicon MEMS SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fracture; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); silicon; statistics; strength; Weibull ID BRITTLE DUCTILE TRANSITION; POLYSILICON FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PHOSPHORUS; SIZE; DEFORMATION; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES AB Safe and reliable design of MEMS components requires a statistical description of the material properties that are associated with failure. To this end, a series of microscale tensile tests was performed on polysilicon MEMS structures fabricated using Sandia National Laboratories' SUMMiT V (TM) process. Tensile bars were fabricated from each of the four freestanding polysilicon layers, with gage lengths ranging from 30 to 3750 pm. A two-parameter Weibull distribution appeared to adequately characterize the observed tensile strength distributions. The strength distribution was found to be dependent on the length of the tensile structures, as expected by the Weibull size effect, and unexpectedly strongly dependent on the layer from which the tensile bar was constructed. Specifically, the topmost polysilicon layer in the deposition process (poly4) was more than twice the strength of the bottom freestanding polysilicon layer (poly1). The mechanistic source of this layer-dependent strength appears to originate, at least in part, from process-dependent surface roughness, although other factors such as layer-dependent variations in microstructure, residual stress, and doping are also considered. A fracture mechanics analysis of the strength distributions suggests that the size of the critical flaws is in the vicinity from 50 to 150 run. Fractography revealed crack origins along the sidewalls, corners, and top surfaces. Weibull strength distributions were also established at elevated temperatures: 200, 400, 600, and 800 degrees C in air and nitrogen environments. These results revealed the onset of ductility and reduction in strength at elevated temperatures: at 600 degrees C strength was less than 40% of the room temperature value. Most of the strength was regained if the material was tested at room temperature after a high-temperature exposure. In the discussion, we briefly review concepts for incorporating these observed strength distributions into probabilistic safe design of MEMS components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blboyce@sandia.gov RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 46 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.892794 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 157CF UT WOS:000245695500001 ER PT J AU D'Urso, B Simpson, JT Kalyanaraman, M AF D'Urso, Brian Simpson, John T. Kalyanaraman, Meenaa TI Nanocone array glass SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; SILICON AB We report a novel method of producing ordered arrays of glass nanocones with precisely controlled height, lattice constant and aspect ratio. As with nanochannel glass, fibre drawing, bundling and redrawing are used to produce structured glass composite material. The surface of the composite is etched to form nanocones through a differential etching process. The lattice constant of the arrays ranges from 40 mu m to 1.6 mu m, while the aspect ratio of the nanocones is varied from 0.4 to 13 by simple changes in the chemistry of the hydrofluoric acid etching solution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP D'Urso, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dursobr@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/17/4/007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 153KV UT WOS:000245434200013 ER PT J AU Kaindl, RA Carnahan, MA Hagele, D Chemla, DS AF Kaindl, Robert A. Carnahan, Marc A. Haegele, Daniel Chemla, D. S. TI Applications of ultrafast terahertz pulses for intra-excitonic spectroscopy of quasi-2D electron-hole gases SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE low-dimensional semiconductors; terahertz spectroscopy; excitons; ultrafast processes ID QUANTUM-WELLS; GAAS AB Excitons are of fundamental interest and of importance for opto-electronic applications of bulk and nano-structured semiconductors. This paper discusses the utilization of ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses for the study of characteristic low-energy excitations of photoexcited quasi-2D electron-hole (e-h) gases. Optical-pump THz-probe spectroscopy at 250-kHz repetition rate is employed to detect characteristic THz signatures of excitons and unbound e-h pairs in GaAs quantum wells. Exciton and free-carrier densities are extracted from the data using a two-component model. We report the detailed THz response and pair densities for different photoexcitation energies resonant to heavy-hole excitons, light-hole excitons, or the continuum of unbound pairs. Such experiments can provide quantitative insights into wavelength, time, and temperature dependence of the low-energy response and composition of optically excited e-h gases in low-dimensional semiconductors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaindl, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1555-130X J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1166/jno.2007.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 191EJ UT WOS:000248112700008 ER PT J AU O'Hara, JF Smirnova, E Chen, HT Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Highstrete, C Lee, M Padilla, WJ AF O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya Chen, Hou-Tong Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Highstrete, Clark Lee, Mark Padilla, Willie J. TI Properties of planar electric metamaterials for novel terahertz applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE metamaterials; terahertz; optical materials; resonance; microstructure devices ID INTERFERENCE FILTERS; FREQUENCIES; SPECTROSCOPY; REFRACTION; ARRAYS AB Planar electric metamaterials are experimentally studied in transmission and reflection utilizing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Electrically resonant behavior is observed and provides an estimate of the frequency-dependent transmissivity, reflectivity, and absorptivity of metamaterial composites. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the measured results and provide additional information helpful in understanding their electromagnetic response. Our results and approach help define the boundaries of a meta materials-based design paradigm and should prove beneficial in future terahertz applications, particularly with respect to novel filtering, modulation, and switching devices. In addition, this work clarifies some of the mechanisms that limit efficient metamaterials operation at higher-frequencies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009; Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008; OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571; Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1555-130X J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. PD APR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1166/jno.2007.008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 191EJ UT WOS:000248112700009 ER PT J AU Baskaran, D Sakellariou, G Mays, JW Bratcher, MS AF Baskaran, Durairaj Sakellariou, Georgios Mays, Jimmy W. Bratcher, Matthew S. TI Grafting reactions of living macroanions with multi-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multi-walled carbon nanotubes; grafting; anionic polymerization; covalent functionalization ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; NONCOVALENT; POLYMERS; SOLUBILIZATION; POLYSTYRENE; COMPOSITES AB Grafting reactions of living polystyryllithium (PSLi) with acid chloride containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs-COCl) were performed under vacuum in benzene at room temperature. Covalent grafting of polystyrene (PS) was characterized using spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses. Grafting at different ratios of macroanion to acylchloride of the carbon nanotubes showed that the grafting efficiency was not dependent on the concentration of the macroanions. The mole percent of PS present in the MWNTs-g-PS samples was inversely proportional to the precursor molecular weight of PSLi. Direct reactions of PSLi, polybutadienyllithium and n-butyllithium with pristine MWNTs without any functional groups were also performed in the presence and in the absence of tetrahydrofuran in benzene. The grafting reactions of living macroanions either with MWNTs-COCl or with pristine MWNTs indicated a partial grafting of polymer on the carbon nanotubes in benzene at room temperature. C1 Natl Chem Lab, Polymer Sci & Engn Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Baskaran, D (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Polymer Sci & Engn Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RI Durairaj, Baskaran/C-3692-2009; Sakellariou, Georgios/B-1752-2014 OI Durairaj, Baskaran/0000-0002-6886-5604; NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4-5 BP 1560 EP 1567 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.459 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 149JC UT WOS:000245142200047 PM 17450926 ER PT J AU Lin, XH Elliot, JJ Carnes, DL Fox, WC Pena, LA Campion, SL Takahashi, K Atkinson, BL Zamora, PO AF Lin, Xinhua Elliot, J. J. Carnes, D. L. Fox, W. C. Pena, L. A. Campion, S. L. Takahashi, K. Atkinson, B. L. Zamora, P. O. TI Augmentation of osseous phenotypes in vivo with a synthetic peptide SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE synthetic peptide; bone; BMP-2; enhancement; in vivo ID DEMINERALIZED BONE-MATRIX; CELL-BINDING; MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; THROMBIN PEPTIDE; REPAIR; TP508; COLLAGEN AB The synthetic peptide B2A2-K-NS augmented the in vitro expression of osseous phenotypes when cells were stimulated with BMP-2, an osteoinductive growth factor. B2A2-K-NS significantly enhanced the effects of BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. In the absence of BMP-2, B2A2-K-NS did not have an effect on these endpoints. Based on these observations, in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate if B2A2-K-NS could augment osseous phenotypes in an osteoinductive environment in which BMP-2 should be present. In one study, human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was used to generate an osteoinductive environment and the effects of B2A2-K-NS on ectopic mineralization of subcutaneous implants evaluated. In the second study, a noncritical sized defect in rabbit ulnas with inherent reparative capacity was used as the osteoinductive environment and was treated with or without B2A2-K-NS. In the DBM studies, B2A2-K-NS augmented mineralization as determined using a combination of radiographic analysis and von Kossa staining at 4 weeks postimplant. In the rabbit ulna model, B2A2-K-NS significantly increased the radiographic bone density in the defects compared to carrier-only or no-treatment controls after 6 weeks. Histological staining confirmed that B2A2-K-NS generated a pronounced bone repair response. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that B2A2-K-NS augments osseous phenotypes in an osteoinductive environment, and suggests that B2A2-K-NS may have clinical utility. (c) 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 BioSurface Engn Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lab Anim Resources, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lin, XH (reprint author), BioSurface Engn Technol Inc, 9430 Key W Ave,Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM xlin@biosetinc.com NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOP RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1002/jor.20303 PG 9 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 148GY UT WOS:000245063900014 PM 17149745 ER PT J AU Ganguly, K Murciano, JC Westrick, R Leferovich, J Cines, DB Muzykantov, VR AF Ganguly, Kumkum Murciano, Juan-Carlos Westrick, Randal Leferovich, John Cines, Douglas B. Muzykantov, Vladimir R. TI The glycocalyx protects erythrocyte-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator from enzymatic inhibition SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID MOBILE REACTIVE CENTER; IN-VIVO; PROPHYLACTIC FIBRINOLYSIS; CANINE MODEL; RECOMBINANT; RECEPTOR; TPA; THROMBOLYSIS; THROMBOSIS; CLEARANCE AB Coupling tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to carrier red blood cells (RBC) prolongs its intravascular life span and permits its use for thromboprophylaxis. Here, we studied the susceptibility of RBC/tPA to PA inhibitors including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that constrain its activity and may reduce the duration of its effect. Despite lesser spatial and diffusional limitations, soluble tPA was far less effective than RBC/tPA in dissolving clots formed in vitro from blood of wildtype (WT) mice (40 versus 80% lysis at equal doses of tPA). Furthermore, after i.v. injection, soluble tPA lost activity faster in transgenic mice expressing a high level of PAI-1 than in WT mice, whereas the activity of RBC/tPA was unaffected. PAI-1 inactivated soluble tPA at equimolar ratios in vitro, but it had no effect on the amidolytic or fibrinolytic activity of RBC/tPA. RBC/tPA was also more resistant than soluble tPA to in vitro inhibition by other serpins (alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin) and pathologically high levels of glucose. However, coupling to RBC did not protect a truncated tPA mutant, Retavase, from plasma inhibitors. Chemical removal of the RBC glycocalyx negated tPA protection from inhibitors: tPA coupled to glycocalyxstripped RBC bound twice as much I-125-PAI-1 as did tPA coupled to naive RBC, and susceptibility of the bound tPA to inhibition by PAI-1 was restored. Thus, the RBC glycocalyx protects RBC-coupled tPA against inhibition. Resistance to high levels of inhibitors in vivo contributes to the potential utility of RBC/tPA for thromboprophylaxis. C1 Univ Penn, Inst Environm Med, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Targeted Therapeut Program, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Madrid, Spain. Univ Michigan, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bio Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Muzykantov, VR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Inst Environm Med, Med Ctr, 1 John Morgan Bldg,3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM muzykant@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83121]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL076406, R01 HL66442, HL076206, HL82545] NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD APR PY 2007 VL 321 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.114405 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 147FU UT WOS:000244989600017 PM 17215448 ER PT J AU Zhou, SH Wang, Y Shi, FG Sommer, F Chen, LQ Liu, ZK Napolitano, RE AF Zhou, Shihuai Wang, Yi Shi, Frank G. Sommer, Ferdinand Chen, Long-Qing Liu, Zi-Kui Napolitano, Ralph E. TI Modeling of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria for the Cu-Mg binary system SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; phase diagram; phase equilibria ID COPPER-MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAVES PHASES; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; ASSOCIATION MODEL; METALLIC GLASSES; RECENT PROGRESS; LIQUID ALLOYS; BULK GLASSY; NANOQUASICRYSTALLINE AB The phase equilibria associated with the binary Cu-Mg system are analyzed by applying results from first-principles calculations to a general solution thermodynamics treatment. Differing from previously reported models, we employ a four-species association model for the liquid, while the terminal and intermediate solid phases are modeled as substitutional solutions with one or two sublattices, respectively. The zero-Kelvin enthalpies of formation for the intermediate compounds, CU2Mg-C15 (cF24) and CuMg2-C-b (oF48) are computed using the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP). The Gibbs free energy functions for the individual phases are evaluated, and the resulting binary phase diagram is presented over the full composition range. While the phase diagram we propose exhibits only modest deviation from previously reported models of phase equilibria, our treatment provides better agreement with experimental reports of heat capacity and enthalpy of mixing, indicating a more self-consistent thermodynamic description of this binary system. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Max Planck Inst Med Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Zhou, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ralphn@iastate.edu RI Wang, Yi/D-1032-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11669-007-9022-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 187FS UT WOS:000247833600004 ER PT J AU Gehman, VM Elliott, SR AF Gehman, V. M. Elliott, S. R. TI Multiple-isotope comparison for determining 0v beta beta mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; NUCLEAR-MATRIX ELEMENTS; NEUTRINO MASS; LIGHT-NEUTRINO; SUSY; SUPERSYMMETRY; EXCHANGE AB We present a technique for estimating the number of future 0 nu beta beta results using several distinct nuclei to optimize the physics reach of upcoming experiments. We use presently available matrix-element calculations and simulated sets of predicted 0 nu beta beta measured rates in multiple isotopes to estimate the required precision and number of experiments to discern the underlying physics governing the mechanism of the process. Our results indicate that three (four) experimental results with total uncertainty (statistical, systematic, theoretical) of less than similar to 20% (similar to 40%) can elucidate the underlying physics. If the theoretical (i.e. matrix-element) uncertainty contribution is below similar to 18%, then three or four experimental results of similar to 20% precision (statistical and systematic) are required. These uncertainty goals can be taken as guidance for the upcoming theoretical and experimental programs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gehman, VM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vmg@lanl.gov NR 62 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/4/006 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 164QL UT WOS:000246248800007 ER PT J AU Allison, WWM Cobb, JH Holmes, SJ Fernow, RC Palmer, RB AF Allison, W. W. M. Cobb, J. H. Holmes, S. J. Fernow, R. C. Palmer, R. B. TI Ab initio liquid hydrogen muon cooling simulations with ELMS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents new theoretical results on the passage of muons through liquid hydrogen which have been confirmed in a recent experiment. These are used to demonstrate that muon bunches may be compressed by ionization cooling more effectively than suggested by previous calculations. Muon cooling depends on the differential cross section for energy loss and scattering of muons. We have calculated this cross section for liquid H-2 from first principles and atomic data, avoiding traditional assumptions. Thence, 2D probability maps of energy loss and scattering in thicknesses of less than a mm are derived by folding, and stored in a database. Large first-order correlations between energy loss and scattering are found for H-2, which are absent in other simulations. This code is named ELMS (energy loss and multiple scattering). Using these maps single particle trajectories may be tracked by Monte Carlo with stepsize of 1 mm or less. This processor has been inserted into the cooling code ICOOL. Significant improvements in 6D muon cooling are predicted compared with previous predictions based on GEANT. This is examined in various geometries. The large correlation effect is found to have only a small effect on cooling. The experimental scattering observed for liquid H2 in the MUSCAT experiment is found to be in good agreement with the ELMS prediction, but in poor agreement with GEANT4 simulation. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Allison, WWM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/4/007 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 164QL UT WOS:000246248800008 ER PT J AU Yang, HC Bhimaraj, P Yang, L Siegel, RW Schadler, LS AF Yang, Hoichang Bhimaraj, Praveen Yang, Lin Siegel, Richard W. Schadler, Linda S. TI Crystal growth in alumina/poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alumina (Al2O3); crystallization; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; nanocomposites; polyesters; poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); thin film; WAXS ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); THIN-FILMS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION; POLYMER SPHERULITES; OXIDIZED SILICON; REAL-TIME AB The crystal growth and morphology in 150-nm-thick PET nanocomposite thin films with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticle fillers (38 nm size) were investigated for nanoparticle loadings from 0 to 5 wt %. Transmission electron microscopy of the films showed that at 1 wt % Al2O3, the nanoparticles were well dispersed in the film and the average size was close to the reported 38 nm. Above 2 wt % Al2O3, the nanoparticles started to agglomerate. The crystal growth and morphological evolution in the PET nanocomposite films kept at an isothermal temperature of 217 degrees C were monitored as a function of the holding time using in situ atomic force microscopy. It was found that the crystal nucleation and growth of PET was strongly dependent on the dispersed particles in the films. At 1 wt % Al2O3, the overall crystal growth rate of PET lamellae was slower than that of the PET homopolymer films. Above 2 wt % Al2O3, the crystal growth rate increased with nanoparticle loading because of heterogeneous nucleation. In addition, in these PET nanocomposite thin films, the Al2O3 nanoparticles induced preferentially oriented edge-on lamellae with respect to the surface, which was not the case in unfilled PET as determined by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, HC (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM yangh3@rpi.edu; schadl@rpi.edu RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 747 EP 757 DI 10.1002/polb.21096 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 147BT UT WOS:000244979100002 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, DP Smith, AE Martinez-Moyano, IJ AF McCaffrey, David P. Smith, Amy E. Martinez-Moyano, Ignacio J. TI "Then let's have a dialogue": Interdependence and negotiation in a cohesive regulatory system SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY LA English DT Review ID RATIONAL CHOICE; SELF-REGULATION; ORGANIZATIONS; ENFORCEMENT; COOPERATION; PERFORMANCE; NETWORKS; AGENCY; MATTER; POLICY AB Public and private organizations deal closely with each other on regulatory issues. Newer forms of regulation rely on shared enforcement and supervisory responsibilities, regulatory negotiation, and other methods that try to get beyond remote public commands while maintaining effective public involvement. This article examines how regulators and firms deal with each other, the interdependence that forms between them in the course of their work, and the benefits and liabilities of the strong ties that may develop out of this interdependence. We use the securities industry as a context for discussion but indicate that the points apply more generally. We pay special attention to the potential benefits and risks of cohesive regulatory networks. Regular dealings among regulators and firms outside of regular rulemaking or enforcement proceedings enhance cooperation, reduce information disparities, strengthen regulatory cultures, and arguably lower the threshold of external pressure required to effect changes within firms. The conditions enhancing these benefits, however, also will restrict the flow of information, perspectives, and criticism from outsiders, potentially leading to erosion of performance standards and eventually serious problems. We describe the circumstances under which these tensions are more likely to be managed without damage from these problems and the broader implications for research and teaching in public management and policy. C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McCaffrey, DP (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM d.mccaffrey@albany.edu NR 104 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1053-1858 EI 1477-9803 J9 J PUBL ADM RES THEOR JI J. Publ. Adm. Res. Theory PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 307 EP 334 DI 10.1093/jopart/muj020 PG 28 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 146VP UT WOS:000244963100007 ER PT J AU Zhang, BP Donohoe, RJ Bailey, JA AF Zhang, B. Paul Donohoe, Robert J. Bailey, James A. TI pH-induced reorientation of microperoxidase-11 in mesoporous molecular sieves SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE microperoxidase-11; resonance Raman spectroscopy; MCM-41; SBA-15; spectroscopy ID PORPHYRIN FORCE-FIELD; RESONANCE RAMAN; CYTOCHROME-C; NICKEL OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HEME UNDECAPEPTIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; MODEL SYSTEMS; SPECTRA AB The resonance Raman spectra of microperoxidase-11 loaded into the siliceous materials MCM-41 and SBA-15 demonstrate a pH dependence indicative of a protonation event on the substrate. An unusual change in relative Raman intensities without a shift in wavenumbers is observed upon lowering the system pH. Protonation of the silica surface is suggested to induce a reorientation of the MP-11 fragments within the silica framework. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bailey, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbailey@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1002/jrs.1661 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 156ZV UT WOS:000245689300007 ER PT J AU Bailey, MS Lobkovsky, EB Hinks, DG Claus, H Hor, YS Schlueter, JA Mitchell, JF AF Bailey, Mark S. Lobkovsky, Emil B. Hinks, David G. Claus, Helmut Hor, Yew San Schlueter, John A. Mitchell, John F. TI Synthesis, structure and properties of Li2Rh3B2 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metal flux; lithium flux; ternary lithium rhodium boride; crystal growth ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BORIDES; SYSTEM; PALLADIUM; PLATINUM; CECO3B2; CERH3B2; BORON; FLUX AB Li2Rh3B2 has been synthesized Lit 1000 degrees C from a stoichiometric mix of rhodium and boron and an excess of lithium. Li2Rh3B2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (no. 55, Z = 2) with room temperature lattice constants a = 5.7712(1) A, b = 9.4377(2) A, c = 2.8301(1) A and cell volume 154.149(6) A(3). The structure was solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction yielding the final R indices (all data) R1 = 2.8% and wR2 = 4.7%. The structure is a distortion of the CeCo3B2 structure type, containing a network of Rh6B trigonal prisms and short Li-Li contacts of 2.28(2) A. Li2Rh3B2 is a diamagnetic metal with a room temperature resistivity of 19 mu Omega cm, as determined by magnetic susceptibility and single crystal transport measurements. The measured diamagnetism and electronic structure calculations show that Li2Rh3B2 contains rhodium in a d(10) configuration. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mitchell, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mbailey@anl.gov; mitchell@anl.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1333 EP 1339 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.02.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 165RO UT WOS:000246323400022 ER PT J AU Christensen, AN Jensen, TR Bahl, CRH DiMasi, E AF Christensen, Axel Norlund Jensen, Torben R. Bahl, Christian R. H. DiMasi, Elaine TI Nano size crystals of goethite, alpha-FeOOH: Synthesis and thermal transformation SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron(III) hydroxide; alpha-FeOOH; alpha-Fe2O3; X-ray powder diffraction; Rietveld refineinent TEM ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; FERRIC-OXIDE; HEMATITE; HYDROXIDE; FERRIHYDRITE; IRON(III); HYDROLYSIS AB An aqueous suspension of amorphous iron(III) hydroxide was kept at room temperature (298 K) for 23 years. During this period of time the pH of the liquid phase changed from 4.3 to 2.85, and nano size crystals of goethite, alpha-FeOOH crystallised from the amorphous iron(III) hydroxide. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations, Mossbauer spectra, and powder X-ray diffraction using Co K alpha radiation showed that the only iron containing crystalline phase present in the recovered product was alpha-FeOOH. The size of these nano particles range from 10 to 100 nm measured by TEM. The thermal decomposition of alpha-FeOOH was investigated by time-resolved in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction and the data showed that the sample of alpha-FeOOH transformed to alpha-Fe2O3 in the temperature range 444 584 K. A quantitative phase analysis shows the increase in scattered X-ray intensity from alpha-Fe2O3 to follow the decrease of intensity from alpha-FeOOH in agreement with the topotactic phase transition. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, iNANO, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jensen, TR (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, iNANO, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM trj@chem.au.dk OI Jensen, Torben Rene/0000-0002-4278-3221; Bahl, Christian/0000-0002-1153-7183 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.01.032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 165RO UT WOS:000246323400034 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, GR Pruneda, M Rios, S Smith, KL Trachenko, K Whittle, KR Zaluzec, NJ AF Lumpkin, Gregory R. Pruneda, Miguel Rios, Susana Smith, Katherine L. Trachenko, Kostva Whittle, Karl R. Zaluzec, Nestor J. TI Nature of the chemical bond and prediction of radiation tolerance in pyrochlore and defect fluorite compounds SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE radiation damage; pyrochlore; Ab initio ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TITANATE CERAMICS; WASTE FORM; ZIRCONOLITE; DISORDER; GD2TI2O7; TRANSFORMATION AB The radiation tolerance of synthetic pyrochlore and defect fluorite compounds has been studied using ion irradiation. We show that the results can be quantified in terms of the critical temperature for amorphization, structural parameters, classical Pauling electronegativity difference, and disorder energies. Our results demonstrate that radiation tolerance is correlated with a change in the structure from pyrochlore to defect fluorite, a smaller unit cell dimension, and lower cation-anion disorder energy. Radiation tolerance is promoted by an increase in the Pauling cation-anion electronegativity difference or, in other words, an increase in the ionicity of the chemical bonds. A further analysis of the data indicates that, of the two possible cation sites in ideal pyrochlore, the smaller B-site cation appears to play the major role in bonding. This result is supported by ab initio calculations of the structure and bonding, showing a correlation between the Mulliken overlap populations of the B-site cation and the critical temperature. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge Ctr Ceram Immobilisat, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Lumpkin, GR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge Ctr Ceram Immobilisat, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM grl@ansto.gov.au RI Pruneda, Miguel/A-4077-2008; Whittle, Karl/A-7404-2008; Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 OI Pruneda, Miguel/0000-0002-3621-6095; Whittle, Karl/0000-0002-8000-0857; NR 38 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1512 EP 1518 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.01.028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 165RO UT WOS:000246323400043 ER PT J AU Xu, H Zhao, Y Vogel, SC Daemen, LL Hickmott, DD AF Xu, H. Zhao, Y. Vogel, S. C. Daemen, L. L. Hickmott, D. D. TI Anisotropic thermal expansion and hydrogen bonding behavior of portlandite: A high-temperature neutron diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE portlandite; neutron diffraction; thermal expansion; hydrogen bonding; crystal chemistry ID CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; PRESSURE; CA(OH)2; DEHYDRATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; DIFFRACTOMETER; CONSTRAINTS; TRANSITION; MG(OH)(2); BRUCITE AB The structure of deuterated portlandite, Ca(OD)(2), was investigated using time-of-flight neutron diffraction in the temperature range 308-643 K. Rietveld analysis reveals that with increasing temperature, the c dimension expands at a rate similar to 4.5 times larger than that for a. This anisotropy of thermal expansion is due to rapid increase in the interlayer thickness along c with increasing temperature. Fitting of the measured cell volumes yields a coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha = alpha(0)+alpha T-1, where alpha(0) = 5.966 x 10(-5) K-1 and alpha(1) = 3.333 x 10(-8)K(-2). On heating, hydrogen-mediated interatomic interactions within the interlayer become weakened, as reflected by increases in the interlayer D ... O and D ... D distances with increasing temperature. Correspondingly, the three equivalent sites over which D is disordered become further apart, suggesting a more delocalized configuration of D at high temperatures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hxu@lanl.gov RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1519 EP 1525 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.03.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 165RO UT WOS:000246323400044 ER PT J AU Ninkovic, R Miladinovic, J Todorovic, M Grujic, S Rard, JA AF Ninkovic, Rozalija Miladinovic, Jelena Todorovic, Milica Grujic, Snezana Rard, Joseph A. TI Osmotic and activity coefficients of the {xZnCl(2)+(1-x)ZnSO4}(aq) system at 298.15 K SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isopiestic measurements; mixed electrolyte solutions; aqueous solutions; zinc chloride; zinc sulfate; extended Pitzer model ID ZINC-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ISOPIESTIC DETERMINATION; T=298.15 K; ION-ASSOCIATION; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; METAL SULFATES; ELECTROLYTES AB Isopiestic vapor pressure measurements were made for {xZnCl(2)+(1-x)ZnSO4}(aq) solutions with ZnCl2 molality fractions of x=(0,0.3062,0.5730,0.7969, and 1) at the temperature 298.15 K, using KCl(aq) as the reference standard. These measurements cover the water activity range 0.901-0.919 <= a(w) <= 0.978. The experimental osmotic coefficients were used to evaluate the parameters of an extended ion-interaction (Pitzer) model for these mixed electrolyte solutions. A similar analysis was made of the available activity data for ZnCl2(aq) at 298.15 K, while assuming the presence of equilibrium amounts of ZnCl+(aq) ion-pairs, to derive the ion-interaction parameters for the hypothetical pure binary electrolytes (Zn2+,2Cl(-)) and (ZnCl+,Cl-). These parameters are required for the analysis of the mixture results. Although significant concentrations of higher-order zinc chloride complexes may also be present in these solutions, it was possible to represent the osmotic coefficients accurately by explicitly including only the predominant complex ZnCl+(aq) and the completely dissociated ions. The ionic activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients were calculated over the investigated molality range using the evaluated extended Pitzer model parameters. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Inorgan Chem Technol, Belgrade, Serbia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miladinovic, J (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Inorgan Chem Technol, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia. EM duma@elab.tmf.bg.ac.yu; rard1@llnl.gov NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 405 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s10953-007-9128-3 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163HH UT WOS:000246150200001 ER PT J AU Payan, C Garnier, V Moysan, J Johnson, PA AF Payan, C. Garnier, V. Moysan, J. Johnson, P. A. TI Applying nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to improving thermal damage assessment in concrete SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-WAVE SPECTROSCOPY; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; NEWS TECHNIQUES; PROPAGATION; HYSTERESIS; MEMORY AB Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) consists of evaluating one or more resonant frequency peak shifts while increasing excitation amplitude. NRUS exhibits high sensitivity to global damage in a large group of materials. Most studies conducted to date are aimed at interrogating the mechanical damage influence on the nonlinear response, applying bending, or longitudinal modes. The sensitivity of NRUS using longitudinal modes and the comparison of the results with a classical linear method to monitor progressive thermal damage (isotropic) of concrete are studied in this paper. In addition, feasibility and sensitivity of applying shear modes for the NRUS method are explored. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America C1 Univ Aix Marseille 2, IUT Aix En Provence, Lab Caracterisat Non Destruct, F-13625 Aix En Provence, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Payan, C (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, IUT Aix En Provence, Lab Caracterisat Non Destruct, Ave Gaston Berger, F-13625 Aix En Provence, France. EM cedric.payan@univmed.fr; garnier@iut.univ-aix.fr; moysan@iut.univ-aix.fr; paj@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 4 BP EL125 EP EL130 DI 10.1121/1.2710745 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 156ZE UT WOS:000245687600060 PM 17471756 ER PT J AU Ushakov, SV Navrotsky, A Tangeman, JA Helean, KB AF Ushakov, Sergey V. Navrotsky, Alexandra Tangeman, Jean A. Helean, Katheryn B. TI Energetics of defect fluorite and pyrochlore phases in lanthanum and gadolinium hafnates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; EARTH; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ENTHALPIES; ZIRCONIA; HAFNIA; CRYSTALLIZATION; PEROVSKITES; DIRECTIONS; PROGRESS AB Aerodynamic levitation combined with laser heating was used to prepare melts in the HfO2-La2O3 (-Gd2O3) systems. All melts crystallized upon quenching in oxygen. Hf2La2O7 pyrochlore and Gd0.5Hf0.5O1.75 fluorite phases were identified. Gd0.5Hf0.5O1.75 fluorite was transformed into the pyrochlore structure by annealing at 1450 degrees C. Pyrochlore that crystallized from HfO2- La2O3 melts contained 31.6-34.2 mol% La2O3. The unit cell parameter increased linearly with La content from 10.736 to 10.789 angstrom. Drop solution calorimetric experiments were performed in 3Na(2)O.4MoO(3) melt at 702 degrees C. The enthalpies of formation from the oxides for pyrochlore phases are -107.0 +/- 5.0 kJ/mol for Hf2La2O7 and -48.8 +/- 4.7 kJ/mol for Hf2Gd2O7. The enthalpy of the pyrochlore-fluorite phase transition in Hf2Gd2O7 is 23.6 +/- 3.1 kJ/mol. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT, ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Ushakov, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM svushakov@ucdavis.edu RI Ushakov, Sergey/C-5501-2008; Ushakov, Sergey/I-7278-2012; OI Ushakov, Sergey/0000-0002-8184-8884 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01592.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 156UL UT WOS:000245675300024 ER PT J AU Li, YP Maxey, ER Richardson, JW Ma, BH Lee, TH Song, SJ AF Li, Yaping Maxey, Evan R. Richardson, James W., Jr. Ma, Beihai Lee, Tae H. Song, Sun-Ju TI Oxygen non-stoichiometry and thermal-chemical expansion of Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9-delta electrolytes by neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES; CERIA; INTERCONNECTS; CONDUCTIVITY; SOFCS AB A dense tubular solid electrolyte with the composition Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9-delta (CY20) was prepared. In situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction (TOF-ND) was performed at 900 degrees C in the oxygen partial pressure pO(2) range from 10(-1)-10(-18) atm, and TOF-ND data were analyzed by the Rietveld method. Diffraction data showed that the lattice parameter moderately increased with decreasing pO(2) in the range of pO(2)> 10(-14) atm, while a dramatic expansion (similar to 0.6%) of the fluorite structure occurred at a pO(2) of 10(-18) atm. By refining all reasonable structural parameters, an approximately linear relationship between lattice parameter and oxygen vacancy delta was observed, resulting in epsilon(c)/delta=0.08 and corresponding to delta=0.10 at a pO(2) of 10(-18) atm, all in agreement with the data published in the literature. The relative change in lattice parameter Delta a/a followed a -1/4 power relation with pO(2) in a low-pO(2) regime. As several (often strongly correlated) structural parameters can affect the intensities in ND profiles, care was taken to select refinement variables. It was found that O atom thermal factors for CY20 increased as the oxygen vacancy concentration and lattice expansion increased. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Techol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Richardson, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jwrichardson@anl.gov RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1214 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01606.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 156UL UT WOS:000245675300029 ER PT J AU Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V Donner, LJ Phillips, VTJ Klein, SA Ginoux, PA Horowitz, LW AF Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. Donner, Leo J. Phillips, Vaughan T. J. Klein, Stephen A. Ginoux, Paul A. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Modeling the interactions between aerosols and liquid water clouds with a self-consistent cloud scheme in a general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SULFATE AEROSOLS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; MARINE AEROSOL; DROPLET NUMBER; CLIMATE MODEL; SEA-SALT AB To model aerosol-cloud interactions in general circulation models (GCMs), a prognostic cloud scheme of cloud liquid water and amount is expanded to include droplet number concentration (N-d) in a way that allows them to be calculated using the same large-scale and convective updraft velocity field. In the scheme, the evolution of droplets fully interacts with the model meteorology. An explicit treatment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation enables the scheme to take into account the contributions to N-d of multiple aerosol species (i.e., sulfate, organic, and sea-salt aerosols) and to consider kinetic limitations of the activation process. An implementation of the prognostic scheme in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2 GCM yields a vertical distribution of N-d with a characteristic maximum in the lower troposphere; this feature differs from the profile that would be obtained if N-d is diagnosed from the sulfate mass concentration based on an often-used empirical relationship. Prognosticated N-d exhibits large variations with respect to the sulfate mass concentration. The mean values are generally consistent with the empirical relationship over ocean, but show negative biases over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude land, perhaps owing to the neglect of subgrid variations of large-scale ascents and inadequate convective sources. The prognostic scheme leads to a substantial improvement in the agreement of model-predicted present-day liquid water path (LWP) and cloud forcing with satellite measurements compared to using the empirical relationship. The simulations with preindustrial and present-day aerosols show that the combined first and second indirect effects of anthropogenic sulfate and organic aerosols give rise to a steady-state global annual mean flux change of -1.8 W m(-2), consisting of -2.0 W m(-2) in shortwave and 0.2 W m(-2) in longwave. The ratios of the flux changes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) to that in Southern Hemisphere (SH) and of the flux changes over ocean to that over land are 2.9 and 0.73, respectively. These estimates are consistent with the averages of values from previous studies stated in a recent review. The model response to higher N-d alters the cloud field; LWP and total cloud amount increase by 19% and 0.6%, respectively. Largely owing to high sulfate concentrations from fossil fuel burning, the NH midlatitude land and oceans experience strong radiative cooling. So does the tropical land, which is dominated by biomass burning-derived organic aerosol. The computed annual, zonal-mean flux changes are determined to be statistically significant, exceeding the model's natural variations in the NH low and midlatitudes and in the SH low latitudes. This study reaffirms the major role of sulfate in providing CCN for cloud formation. C1 Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Yi.Ming@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 47 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1209 DI 10.1175/JAS3874.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 157TA UT WOS:000245742600009 ER PT J AU Humphreys, T Marcus, PS AF Humphreys, Tom Marcus, Philip S. TI Vortex street dynamics: The selection mechanism for the areas and locations of Jupiter's vortices SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT RED SPOT; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; CONTOUR DYNAMICS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; WHITE OVALS; ZONAL FLOW; BETA-PLANE; JETS; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB With the exception of the Great Red Spot, Jupiter's long-lived vortices are not isolated, but occur in east-west rows. Each row is centered about a westward-going jet stream with anticyclones on the poleward side and cyclones on the equatorial. Vortices are staggered so that like-signed vortices are never longitudinally adjacent. These double rows of vortices, called here Jovian vortex streets (JVSs) are robust. Calculations with no forcing and no dissipation (i.e., Hamiltonian dynamics) allow a continuum of JVS solutions, so they cannot be used to determine the physics that selects the observed values of the areas, circulations, and locations of Jupiter's vortices. Constraints imposed by stability put few bounds on these values. When small amounts of dissipation and forcing are added to the governing equations, there is no longer a continuum of solutions; an initial JVS that was a solution of the Hamiltonian equations is now out of equilibrium and evolves to an attractor. For fixed forcing, all initial JVS evolve to the same attractor, so that the area of the vortices in the late-time JVS is selected uniquely as is the separation width in latitude between the row of cyclones and row of anticyclones. The separation width of the attracting JVS is nearly independent of the forcing, but the areas of the vortices in the attracting JVS depend strongly on the strength of the forcing, which is a measure of the ambient Jovian turbulence. Results are compared with observations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Marcus, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 6121 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pmarcus@me.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1318 EP 1333 DI 10.1175/JAS3882.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 157TA UT WOS:000245742600016 ER PT J AU Oh, CH Hwang, UJ Kim, JS Kim, YS Lee, JH Kim, CH Ho, KM AF Oh, Cha-Hwan Hwang, Ui-Jung Kim, Jung-Sung Kim, Yong-Sung Lee, Jae-Hwang Kim, Chang-Hwan Ho, Kai-Ming TI Analysis of surface relief gratings on Azo polymer films SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE azo polymer; surface relief grating; optical gradient force; pressure gradient force ID REVERSIBLE OPTICAL STORAGE; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; POLY(MALONIC ESTER); BIREFRINGENCE; MECHANISM; CRYSTALS; FORCE AB Photoinduced surface relief gratings (SRGs) formed on Azo polymer films by using a two-beam interference technique were observed and analyzed. The heights of the SRGs at various polarization combinations of two writing beams were measured and compared with the force distributions from various theoretical models. As a result, we could suggest a combined model of the optical gradient force model and the pressure gradient force model by which the measured data could be explained well. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Quantum Photon Sci Res Ctr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM choh@hanyang.ac.kr NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1022 EP 1026 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157QW UT WOS:000245736300016 ER PT J AU Gavini, V Knap, J Bhattacharya, K Ortiz, M AF Gavini, Vikram Knap, Jaroslaw Bhattacharya, Kaushik Ortiz, Michael TI Non-periodic finite-element formulation of orbital-free density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; density functional theory (DFT); variational calculus; Gamma-convergence ID KINETIC-ENERGY FUNCTIONALS; ELECTRON-GAS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; ATOMS; STATE AB We propose an approach to perform orbital-free density functional theory calculations in a nonperiodic setting using the finite-element method. We consider this a step towards constructing a seamless multi-scale approach for studying defects like vacancies, dislocations and cracks that require quantum mechanical resolution at the core and are sensitive to long range continuum stresses. In this paper, we describe a local real-space variational formulation for orbital-free density functional theory, including the electrostatic terms and prove existence results. We prove the convergence of the finite-element approximation including numerical quadratures for our variational formulation. Finally, we demonstrate our method using examples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ortiz, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ortiz@aero.caltech.edu RI Gavini, Vikram/J-9725-2012; OI Gavini, Vikram/0000-0002-9451-2300; Bhattacharya, Kaushik/0000-0003-2908-5469 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 669 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.09.011 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 168CY UT WOS:000246501200001 ER PT J AU Foulk, JW Cannon, RM Johnson, GC Klein, PA Ritchie, RO AF Foulk, J. W., III Cannon, R. M. Johnson, G. C. Klein, P. A. Ritchie, R. O. TI A micromechanical basis for partitioning the evolution of grain bridging in brittle materials SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE fracture mechanisms; fracture toughness; ceramic material; finite elements; crack bridging ID TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; AL2O3 BEND SPECIMENS; SLOW CRACK-GROWTH; B-C ADDITIONS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; CERAMICS; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH AB A micromechanical model is developed for grain bridging in monolithic ceramics. Specifically, bridge formation of a single, non-equiaxed grain spanning adjacent grains is addressed. A cohesive zone framework enables crack initiation and propagation along grain boundaries. The evolution of the bridge is investigated through a variance in both grain angle and aspect ratio. We propose that the bridging process can be partitioned into five distinct regimes of resistance: propagate, kink, arrest, stall, and bridge. Although crack propagation and kinking are well understood, crack arrest and subsequent "stall" have been largely overlooked. Resistance during the stall regime exposes large volumes of microstructure to stresses well in excess of the grain boundary strength. Bridging can occur through continued propagation or reinitiation ahead of the stalled crack tip. The driving force required to reinitiate is substantially greater than the driving force required to kink. In addition, the critical driving force to reinitiate is sensitive to grain aspect ratio but relatively insensitive to grain angle. The marked increase in crack resistance occurs prior to bridge formation and provides an interpretation for the rapidly rising resistance curves which govern the strength of many brittle materials at realistically small flaw sizes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Franklin Templeton Investments, San Mateo, CA 94403 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 719 EP 743 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.10.009 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 168CY UT WOS:000246501200003 ER PT J AU Iida, K Kohama, A Oyamatsu, K AF Iida, Kei Kohama, Akihisa Oyamatsu, Kazuhiro TI Formula for proton-nucleus reaction cross section at intermediate energies and its application SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE reaction cross section; proton scattering; unstable nuclei; symmetry energy ID DENSITY-DISTRIBUTION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; MATTER; HALO; RANGE; STATE; LI-11; IONS; HE-6 AB We construct a formula for proton-nucleus total reaction cross section as a function of the mass and neutron excess of the target nucleus and the proton incident energy. We deduce the dependence of the cross section on the mass number and the proton incident energy from a simple argument involving the proton optical depth within the framework of a black sphere approximation of nuclei, while we describe the neutron excess dependence by introducing the density derivative of the symmetry energy, L, on the basis of a radius formula constructed from macroscopic nuclear models. We find that the cross section formula can reproduce the energy dependence of the cross section measured for stable nuclei without introducing any adjustable energy dependent parameter. We finally discuss whether or not the reaction cross section is affected by an extremely low density tail of the neutron distribution for halo nuclei. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Aichi Shukutoku Univ, Dept Media Theories & Prod, Nagakute, Aichi 4801197, Japan. RP Iida, K (reprint author), Kochi Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Kochi 7808520, Japan. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 044201 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.76.044201 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 162JH UT WOS:000246082600023 ER PT J AU Saito, S Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Saito, Susumu Louie, Steven G. Cohen, Marvin L. TI Electronic structure and energetics of MgB2 nanotube SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE nanotube; MgB2; electronic structure; geometry; energetics ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MICROTUBULES AB We study the energetics and the electronic structure of MgB2 nanotubes in the framework of the density-functional theory. It is found that in the case of (4,4) nanotube the presence of the outer Mg layer stabilizes the hexagonal-network boron nanotube which is otherwise unstable. Although the number of valence electrons are equivalent, MgB2 nanotubes are electronically different from carbon nanotubes. Its electronic band structure is found to be modified by Mg due to hybridization and to have sigma as well as pi states at the Fermi level as in the case of bulk superconducting MgB2. Interestingly, (4,4) MgB2 nanotube is found to be energetically lower than an isolated MgB2 sheet. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saito, S (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 043707 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.76.043707 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 162JH UT WOS:000246082600010 ER PT J AU de Jong, JC Smith, DJ Lapedes, AS Donatelli, I Campitelli, L Barigazzi, G Van Reeth, K Jones, TC Rimmelzwaan, GF Osterhaus, ADME Fouchier, RAM AF de Jong, J. C. Smith, D. J. Lapedes, A. S. Donatelli, I. Campitelli, L. Barigazzi, G. Van Reeth, K. Jones, T. C. Rimmelzwaan, G. F. Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Fouchier, R. A. M. TI Antigenic and genetic evolution of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Europe SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIGS; HEMAGGLUTININS; REASSORTMENT; BELGIUM; STRAINS; DISEASE AB In the early 1970s, a human influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)-like virus colonized the European swine population. Analyses of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated in The Netherlands and Belgium revealed that in the early 1990s, antigenic drift had occurred, away from A/Port Chalmers/1/73, the strain commonly used in influenza vaccines for pigs. Here we show that Italian swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses displayed antigenic and genetic changes similar to those observed in Northern European viruses in the same period. We used antigenic cartography methods for quantitative analyses of the antigenic evolution of European swine H3N2 viruses and observed a clustered virus evolution as seen for human viruses. Although the antigenic drift of swine and human H3N2 viruses has followed distinct evolutionary paths, potential cluster-differentiating amino acid substitutions in the influenza virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) were in part the same. The antigenic evolution of swine viruses occurred at a rate approximately six times slower than the rate in human viruses, even though the rates of genetic evolution of the RA at the nucleotide and amino acid level were similar for human and swine H3N2 viruses. Continuous monitoring of antigenic changes is recommended to give a first indication as to whether vaccine strains may need updating. Our data suggest that Immoral immunity in the population plays a smaller role in the evolutionary selection processes of swine H3N2 viruses than in human H3N2 viruses. C1 Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, Natl Influenza Ctr, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. ViroClin BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Ist Super Sanita, Div Virol, Rome, Italy. Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Lab Virol, Ghent, Belgium. RP de Jong, JC (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Virol, Natl Influenza Ctr, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM jc.de.jong@wxs.nl RI Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014 OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869 FU NIH HHS [DP1-OD000490-01, DP1 OD000490] NR 29 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 8 BP 4315 EP 4322 DI 10.1128/JVI.02458-06 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 157BF UT WOS:000245692900062 PM 17287258 ER PT J AU Krug, R Carballido-Gamio, J Burghardt, AJ Haase, S Sedat, JW Moss, WC Majumdar, S AF Krug, Roland Carballido-Gamio, Julio Burghardt, Andrew J. Haase, Sebastian Sedat, John W. Moss, William C. Majumdar, Sharmila TI Wavelet-based characterization of vertebral trabecular bone structure from magnetic resonance images at 3 T compared with micro-computed tomographic measurements SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; micro-CT; osteoporosis; trabecular thickness; wavelets ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI; DISTAL RADIUS; IN-VIVO; ARCHITECTURE AB Trabecular bone structure and bone density contribute to the strength of bone and are important in the study of osteoporosis. Wavelets are a powerful tool in characterizing and quantifying texture in an image. The purpose of this study was to validate wavelets as a tool in computing trabecular bone thickness directly from gray-level images. To this end, eight cylindrical cores of vertebral trabecular bone were imaged using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (mu CT). Thickness measurements of the trabecular bone from the wavelet-based analysis were compared with standard 2D structural parameters analogous to bone histomorphometry (MR images) and direct 3D distance transformation methods (mu CT images). Additionally, bone volume fraction was determined using each method. The average difference in trabecular thickness between the wavelet and standard methods was less than the size of 1 pixel size for both MRI and mu CT analysis. A correlation (R) of .94 for mu CT measurements and that of .52 for MRI were found for the bone volume fraction. Based on these results, we conclude that wavelet-based methods deliver results comparable with those from established MR histomorphometric measurements. Because the wavelet transform is more robust with respect to image noise and operates directly on gray-level images, it could be a powerful tool for computing structural bone parameters from MR images acquired using high resolution and thus limited signal scenarios. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, MQIR, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Krug, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, MQIR, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM roland.krug@mrsc.ucsf.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG17762]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR49701]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM25101-26] NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0730-725X J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING JI Magn. Reson. Imaging PD APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.mri.2006.09.020 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 155YK UT WOS:000245614500014 PM 17371730 ER PT J AU Spencer, FW AF Spencer, Floyd W. TI Practical considerations in empirical probability of detection study design SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spencer, FW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fwspenc@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD APR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 4 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 154NY UT WOS:000245515500001 ER PT J AU Mitman, R AF Mitman, R. TI Properties of the material world SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mitman, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 152NJ UT WOS:000245368400008 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Gremillard, L Menendez, G Miranda, P Gryn, K Tomsia, AP AF Saiz, E. Gremillard, L. Menendez, G. Miranda, P. Gryn, K. Tomsia, A. P. TI Preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Biomaterals CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE hydroxyapatite; scaffolds; sintering; robocasting ID OSTEOCONDUCTION; CERAMICS; INKS AB In this work, the sintering and grain growth of hydroxyapatite green bodies are analyzed in order to identify the optimum heat treatments for the preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Sintering in air at temperatures ranging between 1100 and 1200 degrees C yields dense materials with narrow grain-size distributions: The scaffolds are formed by the infiltration of polymer foams with hydroxyapatite slurries or by robocasting, a novel rapid-prototyping technique. Examples of the microstructures achieved with each approach are presented. It is observed that both techniques can be used to fabricate scaffolds with adequate pore size to promote bone ingrowth. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, MS 62R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM esaiz@lbl.gov RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; Gremillard, Laurent/0000-0001-7258-6483 NR 15 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.038 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149EN UT WOS:000245130000027 ER PT J AU Warren, OL Shan, ZW Asif, SAS Stach, EA Morris, JW Minor, AM AF Warren, Oden L. Shan, Zhiwei Asif, S. A. Syed Stach, Eric A. Morris, J. W., Jr. Minor, Andrew M. TI In situ nanoindentation in the TEM SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; AL AB The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques(1). We describe the progress that has been made in coupling TEM to nanoindentation for direct observation of material mechanics at the microstructural Level(2). C1 Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warren, OL (reprint author), Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. EM owarren@hysitron.com RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 59 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70051-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 153YL UT WOS:000245473900021 ER PT J AU Kostova, T AF Kostova, Tanya TI Persistence of viral infections on the population level explained by an immunoepidemiological model SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE viral infection; immune response; disease spread; adenovirus ID MILITARY TRAINEES; DYNAMICS; IMMUNOLOGY; EPIDEMIC AB We consider a mathematical model of viral spread in a population based on an immune response model embedded in an epidemic network model. The immune response model includes virus load and effector and memory T cells with two possible outcomes depending on parameters: (a) virus clearance and establishment of immune memory and (b) establishment of a non-zero viral presence characterized with increased T-cell concentrations. Isolated individuals can have different immune system parameters and, after a primary infection, can either return to the infection-free state or develop persistent or chronic infection. When individuals are connected in the network, they can reinfect each other. We show that the virus can persist in the epidemic network for indefinite time even if the whole population consists of individuals that are able to clear the virus when isolated from the network. In this case a few individuals with a relatively weak immune response can maintain the infection in the whole population. These results are in contrast to implications of classical epidemiological models that a viral epidemic will end if there is no influx of new susceptibles and if individuals can become immune after infection. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kostova, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-561, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kostova@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 206 IS 2 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.08.003 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 165OF UT WOS:000246314100009 PM 16214182 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Hoffman, M Vogel, SC AF Jones, Jacob L. Hoffman, Mark Vogel, Sven C. TI Ferroelastic domain switching in lead zirconate titanate measured by in situ neutron diffraction SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric; ferroelastic; ceramic; domain switching; pole figure; PZT ID POLYCRYSTALLINE FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; TOF DIFFRACTOMETER; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; STRAIN; HIPPO; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; PZT AB Ferroelastic domain switching in a soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic is measured by neutron diffraction on the texture diffractometer HIPPO with mechanical compression applied in situ. Complete orientation distribution functions are measured by time-of-flight neutron diffraction and represented as pole figures and inverse pole figures at compressive stresses in 50 MPa increments up to a maximum of 200 MPa. Significant domain switching hysteresis was observed in parallel to the macroscopic strain hysteresis. The contribution of ferroelastic domain switching to the measured macroscopic strain is calculated directly from the 00l pole figure. Subtraction of this contribution from the measured macroscopic strain yields the bulk-averaged lattice strain. After unloading, the macroscopic strain of 0.30% consists of 0.22% ferroelastic domain switching and 0.08% crystallographic lattice strain. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Univ Florida, 174 Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jjones@mse.ufl.edu RI Jones, Jacob/A-8361-2008; Hoffman, Mark/E-5021-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Hoffman, Mark/0000-0003-2927-1165; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2006.06.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 128EU UT WOS:000243641800001 ER PT J AU Anderson, TD Dupont, JN Perricone, MJ Marder, AR AF Anderson, T. D. Dupont, J. N. Perricone, M. J. Marder, A. R. TI Phase transformations and microstructural evolution of Mo-bearing stainless steels (vol 38A, pg 86, 2007) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Correction ID ALLOYS; SOLIDIFICATION; WELDS; DILUTION AB The good corrosion resistance of superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) alloys has been shown to be a direct consequence of high concentrations of Mo, which can have a significant effect on the microstructural development of welds in these alloys. In this research, the microstructural development of welds in the Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo system was analyzed over a wide variety of Cr/Ni ratios and Mo contents. The system was first simulated by construction of multicomponent phase diagrams using the CALPHAD technique. Data from vertical sections of these diagrams are presented over a wide compositional range to produce diagrams that can be used as a guide to understand the influence of composition on microstructural development. A large number of experimental alloys were then prepared via arc-button melting for comparison with the diagrams. Each alloy was characterized using various microscopy techniques. The expected delta-ferrite and gamma-austenite phases were accompanied by martensite at low Cr/Ni ratios and by a phase at high Mo contents. A total of 20 possible phase transformation sequences are proposed, resulting in various amounts and morphologies of the gamma, delta, sigma, and martensite phases. The results were used to construct a map of expected phase transformation sequence and resultant microstructure as a function of composition. The results of this work provide a working guideline for future base metal and filler metal development of this class of materials. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coatings Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, TD (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM tda2@lehigh.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 671 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9211-8 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700001 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Moore, Kevin T. Krenn, Christopher R. Wall, Mark A. Schwartz, Adam J. TI Orientation relationship, habit plane, twin relationship, interfacial structure, and plastic deformation resulting from the delta -> alpha ' isothermal martensitic transformation in Pu-Ga alloys (vol 38A, pg 212, 2007) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Correction ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; PLUTONIUM ALLOYS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DELTA->ALPHA; STABILITY; DEFECTS; ENERGY; CERIUM AB The orientation relationship, habit plane, parent-product interface at the atomic level, twin relationship, and plastic deformation resulting from the delta -> alpha ' isothermal martensitic transformation in Pu-Ga alloys are examined using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and finite element calculations. The delta -> alpha ' transformation exhibits a similar to 20 vol pct collapse when the fcc delta phase transforms to the monoclinic alpha ' phase, which results in unique and intriguing crystallography and morphology. Here, we show that the orientation relationship is very close to that previously reported by Zocco et al. (1990), but has small rotational misalignments between the two phases both parallel and perpendicular to the [110](delta)vertical bar vertical bar[100](alpha ') direction. The amount of plastic deformation is exceedingly large due to the similar to 20 Vol pct collapse, and TEM is used to quantity the difference in dislocation density between untransformed delta matrix and regions of delta ' adjacent to the transformed delta '. The twins contained in alpha ' plates are shown to have a (205)(alpha) orientation as the lattice invariant deformation and are found to be composed of two alternating variants that share a common < 020 > (alpha ') direction, but differ by a 60 deg rotation about < 020 > (alpha '). A combination of electron diffraction and optical microscopy has been employed to examine the macroscopic habit plane, and the analysis suggests that a large fraction of the observed habit planes are on or near {111}(delta). Finally, high resolution TEM reveals that the interface is faceted on {111}delta exhibiting a series of terrace and ledaes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moore78@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s1161-006-9055-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700002 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Kadolkar, PB Dinwiddie, RB Ott, RD Blue, CA AF Sabau, Adrian S. Kadolkar, Puja B. Dinwiddie, Ralph B. Ott, Ronald D. Blue, Craig A. TI Process parameters for infrared processing of FePt nanoparticle films SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phase Transformations in Magnetic Materials held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS, TMS-MPMD, ASMI-MSCTS AB Pulse thermal processing (PTP) of FePt nanoparticle films was studied using a high density infrared (HDI) plasma arc lamp. FePt nanoparticle films on silicon substrates were processed using 0.25-second infrared (IR) pulses. The processing was aimed at reaching a peak target temperature for multiple pulses of 550 degrees C. Numerical simulations of the heat transfer for the PTP were performed to determine the operating power levels for the plasma arc lamp. Infrared measurements were conducted to obtain experimental data for the Surface temperature of the FePt nanofilm. Parameters needed for the heat-transfer model were identified based on the experimental temperature results. Following the model validation, several numerical simulations were performed to estimate the power levels. It was shown that the FePt nanoparticle films were successfully processed using the power levels provided by the heat-transfer analysis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SPX Contech Met Forge, Clarksville, TN 37043 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITP, Deputy Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITP, Deputy Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@oml.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 788 EP 797 DI 10.1007/s1161-007-9093-x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700015 ER PT J AU Tanase, M Zhu, JG Liu, C Shukla, N Klemmer, TJ Weller, D Laughlin, DE AF Tanase, M. Zhu, J.-G. Liu, C. Shukla, N. Klemmer, T. J. Weller, D. Laughlin, D. E. TI Structure optimization of FePt nanoparticles of various sizes for magnetic data storage SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phase Transformations in Magnetic Materials held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS, TMS-MPMD, ASMI-MSCTS ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; FILMS; NANOCRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; ALLOY; FCC AB Surfactant-coated, fcc disordered FePt nanoparticles of three different sizes between 3 and 7 nm were prepared and washed according to a modified reaction route based on Sun et al.([1]) Hexane dispersions of nanoparticles were dried on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids, and the resulting monolayers were annealed by a sinter-free procedure at 600 degrees C and at 650 degrees C for 2 hours, respectively, developing the L1(0) phase while preserving their monodispersity. The order parameter of the L1(0) phase was measured using electron diffraction from statistically large ensembles of nanoparticles using an X-ray-like signal collection technique. The order parameter increases with particle size and with the temperature in the range 600 degrees C to 650 degrees C, being close to unity for the 7.2-nm particles annealed at 650 degrees C for 2 hours. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. Nanosys Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Complex Engineered Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Tanase, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM tanase@anl.gov NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 798 EP 810 DI 10.1007/s1161-006-9081-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700016 ER PT J AU DeSantis, TZ Brodie, EL Moberg, JP Zubieta, IX Piceno, YM Andersen, GL AF DeSantis, Todd Z. Brodie, Eoin L. Moberg, Jordan P. Zubieta, Ingrid X. Piceno, Yvette M. Andersen, Gary L. TI High-density universal 16S rRNA microarray analysis reveals broader diversity than typical clone library when sampling the environment SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Microbial Environmental Genomics CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong, Univ, Manhang Campus, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Liping Zhao HO Shanghai Jiao Tong, Univ, Manhang Campus ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; CANDIDATE DIVISION; DNA; PCR; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Molecular approaches aimed at detection of a broad-range of prokaryotes in the environment routinely rely on classifying heterogeneous 16S rRNA genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers with broad specificity. The general method of sampling and categorizing DNA has been to clone then sequence the PCR products. However, the number of clones required to adequately catalog the majority of taxa in a sample is unwieldy. Alternatively, hybridizing target sequences to a universal 16S rRNA gene microarray may provide a more rapid and comprehensive view of prokaryotic community composition. This study investigated the breadth and accuracy of a microarray in detecting diverse 16S rRNA gene sequence types compared to clone-and-sequencing using three environmental samples: urban aerosol, subsurface soil, and subsurface water. PCR products generated from universal 16S rRNA gene-targeted primers were classified by using either the clone-and-sequence method or by hybridization to a novel high-density microarray of 297,851 probes complementary to 842 prokaryotic subfamilies. The three clone libraries comprised 1391 high-quality sequences. Approximately 8% of the clones could not be placed into a known subfamily and were considered novel. The microarray results confirmed the majority of clone-detected subfamilies and additionally demonstrated greater amplicon diversity extending into phyla not observed by the cloning method. Sequences matching operational taxonomic units within the phyla Nitrospira, Planctomycetes, and TM7, which were uniquely detected by the array, were verified with specific primers and subsequent amplicon sequencing. Subfamily richness detected by the array corresponded well with nonparametric richness predictions extrapolated from clone libraries except in the water community where clone-based richness predictions were greatly exceeded. It was concluded that although the microarray is unreliable in identifying novel prokaryotic taxa, it reveals greater diversity in environmental samples than sequencing a typically sized clone library. Furthermore, the microarray allowed samples to be rapidly evaluated with replication, a significant advantage in studies of microbial ecology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclortron Rd,Mail Stop 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 NR 64 TC 307 Z9 317 U1 8 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 371 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9134-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 164KG UT WOS:000246232000002 PM 17334858 ER PT J AU Field, D Kyrpides, N AF Field, Dawn Kyrpides, Nikos TI The positive role of the ecological community in the genomic revolution SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Microbial Environmental Genomics CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong, Univ, Manhang Campus, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Liping Zhao HO Shanghai Jiao Tong, Univ, Manhang Campus ID MICROBIAL GENOMES; METAGENOMICS; PROJECTS AB The exponential increase of genomic and metagenomic data, fueled in part by recent advancements in sequencing technology, are greatly expanding our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic capacity present in the environment. Two of the central challenges that bioinformaticians and ecologists alike must face are the design of bioinformatic resources that facilitate the analysis of genomic and metagenomic data in a comparative context and the efficient capture and organization of the plethora of descriptive information required to usefully describe these data sets. In this commentary, we review three initiatives presented in the "new frontiers" session of the second SCOPE meeting on Microbial Environmental Genomics (MicroEnGen-II, Shanghai, June 12-15, 2006). These are (1) the Integrated Microbial Genomes Resources (IMG), (2) the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC), and (3) the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Environmental Bioinformatics Centre (NEBC). These integrative bioinformatics and data management initiatives underscore the increasingly important role ecologists have to play in the genomic (metagenomic) revolution. C1 Oxford Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Mol Evolut & Bioinformat Sect, Oxford, England. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Field, D (reprint author), Oxford Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Mol Evolut & Bioinformat Sect, Oxford, England. EM dfield@ceh.ac.uk RI Field, Dawn/C-1653-2010; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s00248-007-9206-5 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 164KG UT WOS:000246232000015 PM 17436031 ER PT J AU Risner, JD Nolan, TP Bentley, J Girt, E Harkness, SD Sinclair, R AF Risner, Juliet D. Nolan, Thomas P. Bentley, James Girt, Erol Harkness, Samuel D. Sinclair, Robert TI Analytical TEM examinations of CoPt-TiO(2) perpendicular magnetic recording media SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE TEM; EFTEM; TiO(2); perpendicular magnetic recording media; EDXS; EELS ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB For this analytical TEM study, nonmagnetic oxygen-rich boundaries were introduced into Co-Pt-alloy perpendicular recording media by cosputtering Co and Pt with TiO(2) increasing the TiO(2) content resulted in changes to the microstructure and elemental distribution within grains and boundaries in these films. EFTEM imaging was used to generate composition maps spanning many tens of grains, thereby giving an overall depiction of the changes in elemental distribution occurring with increasing TiO(2) content. Comparing EFTEM with spectrum-imaging maps created by high-resolution STEM with EDXS and EELS enabled both corroboration of EFTEM results and quantification of the chemical composition within individual grain boundary areas. The difficulty of interpreting data from EDXS for these extremely thin films is discussed. Increasing the TiO(2) content of the media was found to create more uniformly wide Ti- and O-rich grain boundaries as well as Ti- and O-rich regions within grains. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Seagate Media Res Ctr, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Risner, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrisner@stanfordalumni.org NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1017/S14319276070213 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 156PT UT WOS:000245662200001 PM 17367546 ER PT J AU Perrine, KA Lamarche, BL Hopkins, DF Budge, SE Opresko, LK Wiley, HS Sowa, MB AF Perrine, Kenneth A. Lamarche, Brian L. Hopkins, Derek F. Budge, Scott E. Opresko, Lee K. Wiley, H. Steven Sowa, Marianne B. TI High speed method for in situ multispectral image registration SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE distortion correction; warping; forward differencing; live cell imaging AB High speed data registration is required for the study of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in real time as well as fast dynamic intra- and inter-cellular signaling events. Multispectral confocal spinning disk microscopy provides a high resolution method for performing such real time live cell imaging. However, optical distortions and the physical misalignments introduced by the use of multiple acquisition cameras can obscure spatial information contained in the captured images. In this manuscript, we describe a multispectral method for real time image registration whereby the image from one camera is warped onto the image from a second camera via a polynomial correction. This method provides a real time pixel-for-pixel match between images obtained over physically distinct optical paths. Using an in situ calibration method, the polynomial is characterized by a set of coefficients, using a least squares solver. Error analysis demonstrates optimal performance results from the use of cubic polynomials. High-speed evaluation of the warp is then performed through forward differencing with fixed-point data types. Forward differencing is an iterative approach for evaluating polynomials on the condition that the function variable changes with constant steps. Image reconstruction errors are reduced through bilinear interpolation. The registration techniques described here allow for successful registration of multispectral images in real time (exceeding 15 frame/s) and have a broad applicability to imaging methods requiring pixel matching over multiple data channels. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Perrine, KA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kenneth.perrine@pnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD APR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1002/jemt.20423 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 155RQ UT WOS:000245596000012 PM 17262790 ER PT J AU Barton, NR Wenk, HR AF Barton, Nathan R. Wenk, Hans-Rudolf TI Dauphine twinning in polycrystalline quartz SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BETA PHASE-TRANSITION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; TRANSFORMATION; STRESS; DEFORMATION; CONTINUUM; KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS AB A recently developed crystal based continuum model for twinning and phase transformations is successfully applied to Dauphine twinning and the alpha (trigonal) <-> beta ( hexagonal) phase transformation in quartz. Both finite element and uniform deformation simulations are performed of quartz polycrystals and several experimentally observed phenomena are qualitatively reproduced. Results are given for mechanically induced twinning and texture memory during phase transformation. The results highlight the importance of local stress variations due to grain interactions. Due to the form of the driving force, twinning is particularly sensitive to local stress variations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barton, NR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM barton22@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/15/3/013 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158XL UT WOS:000245828600013 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, CA Hottel, HE AF Whitehouse, Chris A. Hottel, Hannah E. TI Comparison of five commercial DNA extraction kits for the recovery of Francisella tularensis DNA from spiked soil samples SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Francisella tularensis; soil extraction; molecular diagnostics; bioterrorism ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MICROBIAL DNA; BACTERIAL-DNA; RAPID METHOD; SEDIMENTS; TULAREMIA; PCR; PURIFICATION; SUBSTANCES; SEPARATION AB Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia and is thought to be maintained in the environment principally by various terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate animals. The organism is known to persist in water or mud for long periods of time and Francisella-specific DNA has been identified from water and soil. To gain a better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of F tularensis, it will be important to further explore its distribution in the environment. Therefore, methods must be established to efficiently extract Francisella-specific DNA from the soil and be able to eliminate potential PCR inhibitors. Thus, we evaluated five commercial DNA extraction kits for their ability to recover F tularensis-specific DNA from soil samples and eliminate potential PCR inhibitors. The kits evaluated included the Puregene DNA purification kit, QIAamp Stool Mini kit, Epicentre Biotech SoilMaster DNA extraction kit, and the UltraClean (TM) and PowerMax (TM) soil DNA isolation kits from MoBio. Soil samples were spiked with gamma-irradiated F tularensis SHU-4 strain (corresponding to a range from 10 to 10(5) CFU). Spiked samples were extracted with each kit and evaluated using a F tularensis-specific real-time PCR assay and an internal positive control assay that measures the presence of potential PCR inhibitors. DNA extraction using the UltraClean (TM) and PowerMax (TM) kits resulted in the most consistently positive results at the lowest limit of detection (20 and 100 CFU/g soil, respectively) for all soil types tested, suggesting that these kits can provide the most sensitive methods for extracting F tularensis from environmental soil samples. Processing time and cost were also evaluated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, ORISE, Frederick, MD USA. RP Whitehouse, CA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD USA. EM chris.whitehouse@amedd.army.mil NR 32 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.08.003 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 135VX UT WOS:000244183100002 PM 17011748 ER PT J AU Manes, NP Gustin, JK Rue, J Mottaz, HM Purvine, SO Norbeck, AD Monroe, ME Zimmer, JSD Metz, TO Adkins, JN Smith, RD Heffron, F AF Manes, Nathan P. Gustin, Jean K. Rue, Joanne Mottaz, Heather M. Purvine, Samuel O. Norbeck, Angela D. Monroe, Matthew E. Zimmer, Jennifer S. D. Metz, Thomas O. Adkins, Joshua N. Smith, Richard D. Heffron, Fred TI Targeted protein degradation by Salmonella under phagosome-mimicking culture conditions investigated using comparative peptidomics SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEPENDENT LON PROTEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-CELLS; III SECRETION SYSTEM; HISTONE-LIKE PROTEIN; HEAT-SHOCK REGULON; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The pathogen Salmonella enterica is known to cause both food poisoning and typhoid fever. Because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates and the threat of bioterrorism (e.g. contamination of the food supply), there is a growing need to study this bacterium. In this investigation, comparative peptidomics was used to study S. enterica serovar Typhimurium cultured in either a rich medium or in an acidic, low magnesium, and minimal nutrient medium designed to roughly mimic the macrophage phagosomal environment (within which Salmonella are known to survive). Native peptides from cleared cell lysates were enriched by using isopropanol extraction and analyzed by using both LC-MS/MS and LC-FTICRMS. We identified and quantified 5,163 peptides originating from 682 proteins, and the data clearly indicated that compared with Salmonella cultured in the rich medium, cells cultured in the phagosome-mimicking medium had dramatically higher abundances of a wide variety of protein degradation products, especially from ribosomal proteins. Salmonella from the same cultures were also analyzed using traditional, bottom-up proteomic methods, and when the peptidomics and proteomics data were analyzed together, two clusters of proteins targeted for proteolysis were tentatively identified. Possible roles of targeted proteolysis by phagocytosed Salmonella are discussed. C1 OHSU, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heffron, F (reprint author), OHSU, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Mail Drop L220,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM heffronf@ohsu.edu RI Manes, Nathan/E-2817-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Manes, Nathan/0000-0001-6701-3314; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-01] NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1074/mcp.M600282-MCP200 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 158MU UT WOS:000245796400014 PM 17228056 ER PT J AU Oudot-Le Secq, MP Grimwood, J Shapiro, H Armbrust, EV Bowler, C Green, BR AF Oudot-Le Secq, Marie-Pierre Grimwood, Jane Shapiro, Harris Armbrust, E. Virginia Bowler, Chris Green, Beverley R. TI Chloroplast genomes of the diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana: comparison with other plastid genomes of the red lineage SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE chloroplast; plastid; genome; secondary endosymbiosis; diatom ID ALGA CYANIDIOSCHYZON-MEROLAE; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; WEB SERVER; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; REARRANGEMENTS; REVEALS; PROGRAM AB The chloroplast genomes of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana have been completely sequenced and are compared with those of other secondary plastids of the red lineage: the centric diatom Odontella sinensis, the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, and the cryptophyte Guillardia theta. All five chromist genomes are compact, with small intergenic regions and no introns. The three diatom genomes are similar in gene content with 127-1.30 protein-coding genes, and genes for 27 tRNAs, three ribosomal RNAs and two small RNAs (tmRNA and signal recognition particle RNA). All three genomes have open-reading frames corresponding to ORFs148, 355 and 380 of O. sinensis, which have been assigned the names ycf88, ycj89 and ycJ90. Gene order is not strictly conserved, but there are a number of conserved gene clusters showing remnants of red algal origin. The acpP, tsf and psb28 genes appear to be on the way from the plastid to the host nucleus, indicating that endosymbiotic gene transfer is a continuing process. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Stanford Univ, Ctr Human Genome, Stanford JGI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stn Zool, Cell Signalling Lab, I-80121 Naples, Italy. Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, FRE2910, Dept Biol, F-75230 Paris, France. RP Green, BR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 3529-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM brgreen@interchange.ubc.ca NR 49 TC 82 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD APR PY 2007 VL 277 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00438-006-0199-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 163JV UT WOS:000246156800008 PM 17252281 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Boeck, W Jeffery, C AF Jacobson, Abram R. Boeck, William Jeffery, Christopher TI Comparison of narrow bipolar events with ordinary lightning as proxies for the microwave-radiometry ice-scattering signature SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSIONOSPHERIC PULSE PAIRS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE INFORMATION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; FORTE SATELLITE; BRIGHTNESS-TEMPERATURE; ESTIMATING RAINFALL; TROPICAL RAINFALL; ART.; TRMM AB The narrow bipolar event (NBE) is a unique lightning discharge that has a short (similar to 10 As) overall duration, lacks a prior leader phase, and produces too little light output to be visible by optical lightning detectors on satellites. NBEs thus have basic differences from ordinary lightning discharges, which occur in flashes lasting up to a fraction of a second, carry significant current in a "stroke" only after a leader stage that prepares the conductive channel, and produce copious light that is recordable from space. Thus, the authors are motivated to determine whether the meteorological setting of NBEs differs from, or is similar to, that of ordinary lightning. A previous paper started this project of comparing NBEs with ordinary lightning by comparing the placement of either type of lightning within spatial structures of cloud depth, as revealed by infrared cloud-top temperature. That previous study employed lightning data from the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) in Florida. The present paper extends this approach to comparing LASA NBEs with ordinary lightning events' spatial relationships to radiometric cloud imagery from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) 85-GHz channels. This form of radiometric imagery reveals the location of deep, active convective cores with more acute spatial selectivity than does the infrared cloud-top temperature. It was found that the behaviors of NBEs and ordinary lighting are, once again, indistinguishable, but with regard this time to proximity to deep convective cores as revealed by TMI. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Niagara Univ, Lewiston, ME USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Bpx 353130,4000 Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM abramj@u.washington.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1354 EP 1363 DI 10.1175/MWR3342.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160ER UT WOS:000245924200011 ER PT J AU Yuhas, BD Fakra, S Marcus, MA Yang, PD AF Yuhas, Benjamin D. Fakra, Sirine Marcus, Matthew A. Yang, Peidong TI Probing the local coordination environment for transition metal dopants in zinc oxide nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CO-DOPED ZNO; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; ORIGIN; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTRA AB It is hypothesized that a highly ordered, relatively defect-free dilute magnetic semiconductor system should act as a weak ferromagnet. Transition-metal-doped ZnO nanowires, being single crystalline, single domain, and single phase, are used here as a model system for probing the local dopant coordination environments using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction. Our X-ray spectroscopic data clearly show that the dopant resides in a uniform environment, and that the doping does not induce a large degree of disorder in the nanowires. This homogeneous nature of the doping inside the oxide matrix correlates well with observed weakly ferromagnetic behavior of the nanowires. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.1021/nl0626939 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 155TG UT WOS:000245600500010 PM 17335268 ER PT J AU Lei, CH Shin, Y Liu, J Ackerman, EJ AF Lei, Chenghong Shin, Yongsoon Liu, Jun Ackerman, Eric J. TI Synergetic effects of nanoporous support and urea on enzyme activity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SOL-GEL PROCESS; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-ISOMERASE; SILICA; ENCAPSULATION; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS AB We report synergetic effects of functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) and urea to promote favorable protein conformational changes. The specific activity of glucose isomerase (GI) entrapped in FMS in the presence of urea was approximately double that of GI in solution in the absence of urea. Rather than losing all activity in a denaturing solution of 8.0 M urea, the specific activity of GI entrapped in FMS remained higher than the highest specific activity of GI free in solution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ackerman, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.ackerman@pnl.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1053 DI 10.1021/nl070255b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 155TG UT WOS:000245600500037 PM 17341123 ER PT J AU Radisky, DC Bissell, MJ AF Radisky, Derek C. Bissell, Mina J. TI NF-kappa B links oestrogen receptor signalling and EMT SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; PROGRESSION; APOPTOSIS; DEATH; CELLS AB The detrimental effects of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signalling in cancer cells lacking the oestrogen receptor have now become clear, with the demonstration that increased NF-kappa B levels induce expression of Bcl-2 to both suppress apoptosis and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). C1 Mayo Clin, Ctr Canc, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radisky, DC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Ctr Canc, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. EM radisky.derek@mayo.edu NR 14 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1465-7392 J9 NAT CELL BIOL JI Nat. Cell Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1038/ncb0407-361 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 152JX UT WOS:000245359400005 PM 17401385 ER PT J AU Perlstein, EO Ruderfer, DM Roberts, DC Schreiber, SL Kruglyak, L AF Perlstein, Ethan O. Ruderfer, Douglas M. Roberts, David C. Schreiber, Stuart L. Kruglyak, Leonid TI Genetic basis of individual differences in the response to small-molecule drugs in yeast SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-LINES; PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER; CANCER; POLYMORPHISMS; CYTOTOXICITY; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; DISCOVERY AB Individual response to small-molecule drugs is variable; a drug that provides a cure for some may confer no therapeutic benefit or trigger an adverse reaction in others. To begin to understand such differences systematically, we treated 104 genotyped segregants from a cross between two yeast strains with a collection of 100 diverse small molecules. We used linkage analysis to identify 124 distinct linkages between genetic markers and response to 83 compounds. The linked markers clustered at eight genomic locations, or quantitative-trait locus 'hotspots', that contain one or more polymorphisms that affect response to multiple small molecules. We also experimentally verified that a deficiency in leucine biosynthesis caused by a deletion of LEU2 underlies sensitivity to niguldipine, which is structurally related to therapeutic calcium channel blockers, and that a natural coding-region polymorphism in the inorganic phosphate transporter PHO84 underlies sensitivity to two polychlorinated phenols that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Our results provide a step toward a systematic understanding of small-molecule drug action in genetically distinct individuals. C1 Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Genom, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schreiber, SL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 7 Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM stuart_schreiber@harvard.edu; leonid@genomics.princeton.edu RI Ruderfer, Douglas/M-5795-2016; OI Ruderfer, Douglas/0000-0002-2365-386X; Perlstein, Ethan/0000-0002-4734-4391 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50GM071508] NR 45 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 496 EP 502 DI 10.1038/ng1991 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 151EE UT WOS:000245271200019 PM 17334364 ER PT J AU Romeo, S Pennacchio, LA Fu, YX Boerwinkle, E Tybjaerg-Hansen, A Hobbs, HH Cohen, JC AF Romeo, Stefano Pennacchio, Len A. Fu, Yunxin Boerwinkle, Eric Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Hobbs, Helen H. Cohen, Jonathan C. TI Population-based resequencing of ANGPTL4 uncovers variations that reduce triglycerides and increase HDL SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ANGIOPOIETIN-LIKE PROTEIN-4; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; OVEREXPRESSION; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MUTATIONS; GENETICS; HEART; MICE AB Resequencing genes provides the opportunity to assess the full spectrum of variants that influence complex traits. Here we report the first application of resequencing to a large population (n = 3,551) to examine the role of the adipokine ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism. Nonsynonymous variants in ANGPTL4 were more prevalent in individuals with triglyceride levels in the lowest quartile than in individuals with levels in the highest quartile (P = 0.016). One variant (E40K), present in similar to 3% of European Americans, was associated with significantly lower plasma levels of triglyceride and higher levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in European Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and in Danes from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous variants was higher in European Americans than in African Americans (4:1 versus 1.3:1), suggesting population- specific relaxation of purifying selection. Thus, resequencing of ANGPTL4 in a multiethnic population allowed analysis of the phenotypic effects of both rare and common variants while taking advantage of genetic variation arising from ethnic differences in population history. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75216 USA. RP Hobbs, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM helen.hobbs@utsouthwestern.edu; jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu RI Romeo, Stefano/L-6861-2015 OI Romeo, Stefano/0000-0001-9168-4898 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL066681, RL1 HL092550-02, U01 HL066681, RL1 HL092550] NR 21 TC 319 Z9 325 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1038/ng1984 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 151EE UT WOS:000245271200021 PM 17322881 ER PT J AU Brygoo, S Henry, E Loubeyre, P Eggert, J Koenig, M Loupias, B Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Le Gloahec, MR AF Brygoo, Stephanie Henry, Emeric Loubeyre, Paul Eggert, Jon Koenig, Michel Loupias, Berenice Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Le Gloahec, Marc Rabec TI Laser-shock compression of diamond and evidence of a negative-slope melting curve SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURES; LIQUID CARBON; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TEMPERATURES; LINE AB Diamond is the only known high-pressure structure of carbon. In spite of its fundamental and planetary importance, the stability domain of this strong covalent material is largely unknown. After decades of experimental efforts, evidence was obtained that the diamond-liquid melting line has a positive slope above the graphite-diamond-liquid triple point(1). At higher pressure, theoretical studies have suggested that the melting curve of diamond should have a maximum(2-5), owing to a loss of stability of the sp(3) hybridization in the fluid phase. Accurate Hugoniot data of diamond exist up to 590 GPa (ref. 6). Higher-pressure measurements along the diamond Hugoniot have recently been achieved by laser shocks(7,8), showing that diamond probably melts to a conducting fluid. We report here laser-shock Hugoniot data across the melting transition. The shocked diamond crystal begins to melt around 750 GPa. Furthermore, a negative volume discontinuity at melting is observed. This requires a negative melting slope and thus supports the existence of a maximum on the diamond melting curve. These melting data allow us to test various calculations of the phase diagram of carbon at very high pressure. Finally, the stability domain of the diamond crystal is now constrained in a relevant region for Uranus-like planetary interiors(9). C1 CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Loubeyre, P (reprint author), CEA, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM paul.loubeyre@cea.fr RI Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1038/nmat1863 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 152KD UT WOS:000245360000016 PM 17384637 ER PT J AU Yao, YG Li, QW Zhang, J Liu, R Jiao, LY Zhu, YT Liu, ZF AF Yao, Yagang Li, Qingwen Zhang, Jin Liu, Ran Jiao, Liying Zhu, Yuntian T. Liu, Zhongfan TI Temperature-mediated growth of single-walled carbon-nanotube intramolecular junctions SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) possess superior electronic and physical properties that make them ideal candidates for making next-generation electronic circuits that break the size limitation of current silicon-based technology(1-4). The first critical step in making a full SWNT electronic circuit is to make SWNT intramolecular junctions in a controlled manner. Although SWNT intramolecular junctions have been grown by several methods(2,5-8), they only grew inadvertently in most cases. Here, we report well-controlled temperature-mediated growth of intramolecular junctions in SWNTs. Specifically, by changing the temperature during growth, we found that SWNTs systematically form intramolecular junctions. This was achieved by a consistent variation in the SWNT diameter and chirality with changing growth temperature even though the catalyst particles remained the same. These findings provide a potential approach for growing SWNT intramolecular junctions at desired locations, sizes and orientations, which are important for making SWNT electronic circuits. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, CNST,BNLMS,Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, State Key Lab Struct Chem Unstable & Stable Speci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, CNST,BNLMS,Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, State Key Lab Struct Chem Unstable & Stable Speci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jinzhang@pku.edu.cn; zfliu@pku.edu.cn RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Jiao, Liying/C-6307-2011; Li, Minjie/B-2438-2013; Liu, Zhong/P-2974-2014 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liu, Zhong/0000-0001-5554-1902 NR 20 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 11 U2 116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1038/nmat1865 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 152KD UT WOS:000245360000020 PM 17369833 ER PT J AU Ulbrich, MH Isacoff, EY AF Ulbrich, Maximilian H. Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI Subunit counting in membrane-bound proteins SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; NMDA RECEPTORS; STOICHIOMETRY; SINGLE; ARRANGEMENT AB The subunit number and stoichiometry of membrane-bound proteins are difficult to determine without disrupting their membrane environment. Here we describe a single-molecule technique for counting subunits of proteins in live cell membranes by observing bleaching steps of GFP fused to a protein of interest. After testing the method with proteins of known stoichiometry expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we resolved the composition of NMDA receptors composed of NR1 and NR3 subunits. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS035549, R01 NS035549-12, R01 NS035549-11] NR 16 TC 313 Z9 316 U1 6 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1038/NMETH1024 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 155NU UT WOS:000245584900011 PM 17369835 ER PT J AU Lee, GY Kenny, PA Lee, EH Bissell, MJ AF Lee, Genee Y. Kenny, Paraic A. Lee, Eva H. Bissell, Mina J. TI Three-dimensional culture models of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; ARCHITECTURE; PROGRESSION; REVERSION; RECEPTOR; MATRIX AB Extracellular matrix is a key regulator of normal homeostasis and tissue phenotype(1). Important signals are lost when cells are cultured ex vivo on two-dimensional plastic substrata. Many of these crucial microenvironmental cues may be restored using three-dimensional (3D) cultures of laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM)(2). These 3D culture assays allow phenotypic discrimination between nonmalignant and malignant mammary cells, as the former grown in a 3D context form polarized, growth-arrested acinus-like colonies whereas the latter form disorganized, proliferative and nonpolar colonies(3). Signaling pathways that function in parallel in cells cultured on plastic become reciprocally integrated when the cells are exposed to basement membrane-like gels(4-7). Appropriate 3D culture thus provides a more physiologically relevant approach to the analysis of gene function and cell phenotype ex vivo. We describe here a robust and generalized method for the culturing of various human breast cell lines in three dimensions and describe the preparation of cellular extracts from these cultures for molecular analyses. The procedure below describes the 3D 'embedded' assay, in which cells are cultured embedded in an lrECM gel(8) ( Fig. 1). By lrECM, we refer to the solubilized extract derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells(9). For a discussion of user options regarding 3D matrices, see Box 1. Alternatively, the 3D 'on-top' assay, in which cells are cultured on top of a thin lrECM gel overlaid with a dilute solution of lrECM, may be used as described in Box 2 ( Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, CA64786, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, R37 CA064786] NR 22 TC 525 Z9 532 U1 9 U2 99 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1038/NMETH1015 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 155NU UT WOS:000245584900018 PM 17396127 ER PT J AU Budker, D Romalis, M AF Budker, Dmitry Romalis, Michael TI Optical magnetometry SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; ALKALI-METAL VAPOR; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; CASSINI MAGNETOMETER; SPIN RELAXATION; FIELDS; RUBIDIUM; OPERATION AB Some of the most sensitive methods of measuring magnetic fields use interactions of resonant light with atomic vapour. Recent developments in this vibrant field have led to improvements in sensitivity and other characteristics of atomic magnetometers, benefiting their traditional applications for measurements of geomagnetic anomalies and magnetic fields in space, and opening many new areas previously accessible only to magnetometers based on superconducting quantum interference devices. We review basic principles of modern optical magnetometers, discuss fundamental limitations on their performance, and describe recently explored applications for dynamical measurements of biomagnetic fields, detecting signals in NMR and MRI, inertial rotation sensing, magnetic microscopy with cold atoms, and tests of fundamental symmetries of nature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Budker, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM budker@berkeley.edu; romalis@princeton.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 102 TC 505 Z9 517 U1 20 U2 154 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1038/nphys566 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 160WE UT WOS:000245972300015 ER PT J AU Chen, B Halperin, WP Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG Mitrovic, VF Reyes, AP Kuhns, PL AF Chen, Bo Halperin, W. P. Guptasarma, Prasenjit Hinks, D. G. Mitrovic, V. F. Reyes, A. P. Kuhns, P. L. TI Two-dimensional vortices in superconductors SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MUON SPIN ROTATION; VORTEX-LATTICE; O-17 NMR; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FLUX LINES; BI2SR2CACU2O8; BI2.15SR1.85CACU2O8+DELTA; FLUCTUATIONS AB Superconductors have two key characteristics: they expel magnetic field and they conduct electrical current with zero resistance. However, both properties are compromised in high magnetic fields, which can penetrate the material and create a mixed state of quantized vortices. The vortices move in response to an electrical current, dissipating energy and destroying the zero-resistance state(1). One of the central problems for applications of high-temperature superconductivity is the stabilization of vortices to ensure zero electrical resistance. We find that vortices in the anisotropic superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) have a phase transition from a liquid state, which is inherently unstable, to a two-dimensional vortex solid. We show that at high field the transition temperature is independent of magnetic field, as was predicted theoretically for the melting of an ideal two-dimensional vortex lattice(2,3). Our results indicate that the stable solid phase can be reached at any field, as may be necessary for applications involving superconducting magnets(4-6). The vortex solid is disordered, as suggested by previous studies at lower fields(7,8). But its evolution with increasing magnetic field exhibits unexpected threshold behaviour that needs further investigation. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Halperin, WP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-halperin@northwestern.edu RI Chen, Bo/F-3573-2015 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1038/nphys540 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 160WE UT WOS:000245972300017 ER PT J AU Sun, Z Douglas, JF Fedorov, AV Chuang, YD Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Dessau, DS AF Sun, Z. Douglas, J. F. Fedorov, A. V. Chuang, Y. -D. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Dessau, D. S. TI A local metallic state in globally insulating La1.24Sr1.76Mn2O7 well above the metal-insulator transition SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITES; FERMI-SURFACE; T-C; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; SUPERCONDUCTORS; OXIDES; SPIN; PSEUDOGAP; CHARGE AB The distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators depends on the behaviour of the electrons nearest the Fermi level E-F, which separates the occupied from the unoccupied electron energy levels. For a metal, E-F lies in the middle of a band of electronic states, whereas E-F in insulators and semiconductors lies in the gap between states. The temperature-induced transition from a metallic to an insulating state in a solid is generally connected to a vanishing of the low-energy electronic excitations(1). Here we show the first direct evidence of a counter-example, in which a significant electronic density of states at the Fermi energy exists in the insulating regime. In particular, angle-resolved photoemission data from the colossal magnetoresistive oxide La1.24Sr1.76Mn2O7 show clear Fermi-edge steps, both below the metal - insulator transition temperature T-C, when the sample is globally metallic, and above T-C, when it is globally insulating. Further, small amounts of metallic spectral weight survive up to temperatures more than twice T-C. Such behaviour may also have close ties to a variety of exotic phenomena in correlated electron systems, including the pseudogap temperature in underdoped cuprates(2). C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Zhe.Sun@Colorado.edu; Dessau@colorado.edu NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1038/nphys517 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 160WE UT WOS:000245972300019 ER PT J AU Nollmann, M Stone, MD Bryant, Z Gore, J Crisona, NJ Hong, SC Mitelheiser, S Maxwell, A Bustamante, C Cozzarelli, NR AF Nollmann, Marcelo Stone, Michael D. Bryant, Zev Gore, Jeff Crisona, Nancy J. Hong, Seok-Cheol Mitelheiser, Sylvain Maxwell, Anthony Bustamante, Carlos Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. TI Multiple modes of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase activity revealed by force and torque SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; TOPOISOMERASE-IV; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SUPERCOILED DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; II TOPOISOMERASES; A SUBUNIT; MECHANISM; SITE; PROTEIN AB coli DNA gyrase uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to introduce essential negative supercoils into the genome, thereby working against the mechanical stresses that accumulate in supercoiled DNA. Using a magnetic-tweezers assay, we demonstrate that small changes in force and torque can switch gyrase among three distinct modes of activity. Under low mechanical stress, gyrase introduces negative supercoils by a mechanism that depends on DNA wrapping. Elevated tension or positive torque suppresses DNA wrapping, revealing a second mode of activity that resembles the activity of topoisomerase IV. This 'distal T-segment capture' mode results in active relaxation of left-handed braids and positive supercoils. A third mode is responsible for the ATP-independent relaxation of negative supercoils. We present a branched kinetic model that quantitatively accounts for all of our single-molecule results and agrees with existing biochemical data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. John Innes Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carlos@alice.berkeley.edu OI Maxwell, Anthony/0000-0002-5756-6430 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31655, GM32543] NR 47 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1038/nsmb1213 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 153WX UT WOS:000245469600011 PM 17334374 ER PT J AU Jain, AK Singh, S Kumar, S Tuli, JK AF Jain, Ashok Kumar Singh, Sukhjeet Kumar, Suresh Tuli, Jagdish K. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=221 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID REFLECTION-ASYMMETRIC SHAPES; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; ALPHA-DECAY; OCTUPOLE DEFORMATION; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; CLUSTER-RADIOACTIVITY; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS AB The 1990 Nuclear Data Sheets for A=221 mass chain (1990Ak05) have been updated on the basis of the experimental results from various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides in the A=221 (Z=85 to 92) since July 1990 (cutoff date of the last evaluation). The results obtained from various theoretical studies are given as comments. The updated level schemes and decay schemes, and experimental decay and reaction data on which they are based, are summarized and presented for all nuclides with mass number A=221. The adopted values of level energies, level spins and parities are given, and gamma-ray energies, gamma-ray intensities, as well as other nuclear properties are presented. The references, J pi arguments, and necessary comments are given in the text. New measurements have been reported in Rn,Fr,Ra, and Ac and one new nuclide (U-221) has been given. All Q values have been adopted from 2003Au03. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jain, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2007 VL 108 IS 4 BP 883 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.03.002 PG 38 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 162UG UT WOS:000246114400002 ER PT J AU Koo, GH Sienicki, JJ Moisseytsev, A AF Koo, Gyeong-Hoi Sienicki, James J. Moisseytsev, Anton TI Preliminary structural evaluations of the STAR-LM reactor vessel and the support design SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB In this paper, preliminary structural evaluations of the reactor vessel and support design of the STAR-LM (The Secure, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor - Liquid Metal variant), which is a lead-cooled reactor, are carried out with respect to an elevated temperature design and seismic design. For an elevated temperature design, the structural integrity of a direct coolant contact to the reactor vessel is investigated by using a detail structural analysis and the ASME-NH code rules. From the results of the structural analyses and the integrity evaluations, it was found that the design concept of a direct coolant contact to the reactor vessel cannot satisfy the ASME-NH rules for a given design condition. Therefore, a design modification with regards to the thermal barrier is introduced in the STAR-LM design. For a seismic design, detailed seismic time history response analyses for a reactor vessel with a consideration of a fluid-structure interaction are carried out for both a top support type and a bottom support type. And from the results of the hydrodynamic pressure responses, an investigation of the minimum thickness design of the reactor vessel is tentatively carried out by using the ASME design rules. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ghkoo@kaeri.re.kr NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2007 VL 237 IS 8 BP 802 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.11.004 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 161EJ UT WOS:000245996900002 ER PT J AU Salvatores, M Khalil, H Bignan, G Hill, R Jacqmin, R Tommasi, J AF Salvatores, M. Khalil, H. Bignan, G. Hill, R. Jacqmin, R. Tommasi, J. TI Advanced fast reactor development requirements: Is there any need for HEU? SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The present paper reviews R&D needs foreseen for advanced fast reactor development. The focus is on physics, safety and fuel validation needs using experimental facilities, i.e. critical zero power facilities or irradiation reactors. This review underlines the crucial need for a continuous availability of such facilities in the next decades. As for the fuel to be used in the experiments the need is for plutonium fuelled experiments and no specific need for HEU seems to be foreseen. However, the already existing stocks of HEU at some critical facilities like MASURCA in France will be certainly needed and should be kept in order to allow the required flexibility to perform critical experiments of large size, representative of most future advanced systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance 15, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salvatores, M (reprint author), CEA Cadarache, Batiment 101 DEN, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance 15, France. EM massimo.salvatores@cea.fr NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2007 VL 237 IS 8 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.09.029 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 161EJ UT WOS:000245996900003 ER PT J AU Rosenbloom, S Forsberg, C Loest, G AF Rosenbloom, Samuel Forsberg, Charles Loest, Gregory TI Fuel steam ahead SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ICM Inc, Technol Integrat, Colwich, KS 67030 USA. RP Rosenbloom, S (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILMINGTON PUBLISHING PI SIDCUP PA WILMINGTON HOUSE, MAIDSTONE RD, FOOTS CRAY, SIDCUP DA14 SHZ, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 633 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 161UU UT WOS:000246042700009 ER PT J AU Tardini, G Hobirk, J Igochine, VG Maggi, CF Martin, P McCune, D Peeters, AG Sips, ACC Stabler, A Stober, J AF Tardini, G. Hobirk, J. Igochine, V. G. Maggi, C. F. Martin, P. McCune, D. Peeters, A. G. Sips, A. C. C. Staebler, A. Stober, J. CA ASDEX Upgrade Team TI Thermal ions dilution and ITG suppression in ASDEX upgrade ion ITBs SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Internal transport barriers (ITBs) in the ion channel in the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade allow for high energy confinement but collapse after only several energy confinement times. In this paper we show that in most cases the ITB phase is terminated clearly before the first ELM burst, thereby ruling out the ELMs as the main trigger of the ITB collapse. For the first time, the ITB formation and sustainment are found to be associated with a mechanism of transport suppression based on thermal ions dilution by the injected fast ions. Interestingly, such ITBs do not require reversed magnetic shear. The linear growth rate of the ion temperature gradient driven mode is computed as a function of the fast ion fraction with gyrokinetic stability analysis. Monte Carlo simulations predict the fast ion population to be above the gyrokinetic critical fraction in a region consistent with the experimental ITB width. The density threshold documented for the onset of ASDEX Upgrade ion ITBs is explained. The role of T-i/T-e and of the plasma sheared rotation for ITB sustainment are analysed. The stabilization mechanism presented here is consistent with the observed ITB lifetime of the order of the beam slowing down time. A possible runaway mechanism leading to ITB collapse is described. Finally, the relevance of this particular ITB scheme for ITER is discussed. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tardini, G (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; OI Igochine, Valentin/0000-0003-2045-2998 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/5/006 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 166XX UT WOS:000246415400006 ER PT J AU Connor, JW Angioni, C Diamond, PH Hammett, GW Hidalgo, C Loarte, A Mantica, P AF Connor, J. W. Angioni, C. Diamond, P. H. Hammett, G. W. Hidalgo, C. Loarte, A. Mantica, P. TI 11th EU-US Transport Task Force workshop on transport in fusion plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPPRESSION; FLOW AB This report summarizes the contributions presented at the 11th EU-US Transport Task Force workshop on transport in fusion plasmas, held in Marseilles, France, 4-7 September, 2006(8). There were sessions on momentum transport, multi-scale physics, electron transport, particle transport and transport in the scrape-off layer. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, Spain. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CNR, EURATOM Assoc, ENEA, ISt Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. RP Connor, JW (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012; Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/4/014 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 166XX UT WOS:000246415400014 ER PT J AU Nakazawa, K Takeda, S Tanaka, T Takahashi, T Watanabe, S Fukazawa, Y Sawamoto, N Tajima, H Itoh, T Kokubun, M AF Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Takeda, Shin'ichiro Tanaka, Takaaki Takahashi, Tadayuki Watanabe, Shin Fukazawa, Yasushi Sawamoto, Naoyuki Tajima, Hiroyasu Itoh, Takeshi Kokubun, Motohide TI A high-energy resolution 4 cm-wide double-sided silicon strip detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Position-Senstive Detectors CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, Coucil Cent Lab Res Council, Inst Phys High Energy Phys Grp, Inst Phys Nucl Phys Grp HO Univ Liverpool DE DSSD; hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; COMPTON CAMERA; MISSION; CDTE AB Double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD) with an energy resolution of 1-2 keV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) are attractive devices for future hard X-ray and soft y-ray applications. For example, they are well suited as scatterer detectors for semiconductor Compton telescopes working in the sub-MeV to MeV band, as well as imaging spectrometers in the hard X-ray band. In this paper, the performance of newly developed 4-cm-wide DSSDs is presented. This DSSD has an active area of 38.4 mm times 38.4 mm, with a thickness of 300 mu m. The stip pitch is 400 mu m. The detector shows an average energy resolution of 1.5 keV (FWHM) for 59.5 keV gamma-rays, operated at -20 degrees C with a bias of 100V. A 22 keV hard X-ray image is also obtained with 400 mu m resolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1330033, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nakazawa, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM nakazawa@astro.isas.jaxa.jp NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 573 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.265 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 156BZ UT WOS:000245624200014 ER PT J AU Oonuki, K Tanaka, T Watanabe, S Takeda, S Nakazawa, K Ushio, M Mitani, T Takahashi, T Tajima, H AF Oonuki, Kousuke Tanaka, Takaaki Watanabe, Shin Takeda, Shin'ichiro Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Ushio, Masayoshi Mitani, Takefumi Takahashi, Tadayuki Tajima, Hiroyasu TI A stacked CdTe pixel detector for a Compton camera SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Position-Senstive Detectors CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, Coucil Cent Lab Res Council, Inst Phys High Energy Phys Grp, Inst Phys Nucl Phys Grp HO Univ Liverpool DE pixel detector; Compton camera ID DIODE DETECTOR AB We are developing a semiconductor Compton telescope to explore the universe in the energy band from several tens of keV to a few MeV. A detector material of combined Si strip and CdTe pixel is used to cover the energy range around 60 keV. For energies above several hundred keV, in contrast, the higher detection efficiency of CdTe semiconductor in comparison with Si is expected to play an important role as both an absorber and a scatterer. In order to demonstrate the spectral and imaging capability of a CdTe-based Compton camera, we developed a Compton telescope consisting of a stack of CdTe pixel detectors as a small scale prototype. With this prototype, we succeeded in reconstructing images and spectra by solving the Compton kinematics within the energy band from 122 to 662 keV. The energy resolution (FWHM) of reconstructed spectra is 7.3 keV at 511 keV. The angular resolution obtained at 511 keV is measured to be 12.2 (FWHM). (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ISAS, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Oonuki, K (reprint author), ISAS, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM oonuki@astro.isas.jaxa.jp NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 573 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.251 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 156BZ UT WOS:000245624200017 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Harriman, TA Lucca, DA Jung, HS Ryan, DB Nastasi, M AF Lee, J.-K. Harriman, T. A. Lucca, D. A. Jung, H. S. Ryan, D. B. Nastasi, M. TI Dynamic recovery and optical properties changes in He-implanted ZnO nanoparticles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE ion implantation; defects; ZnO; photoluminescence; dynamic recovery ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION AB A study of the effects of ion-implanted He+ on the photoluminescence (PL) of ZnO nanoparticles is presented. This investigation is motivated by the need to further understand the effects of damage resulting from the implantation process on the luminescence response of the nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting zinc acetate with lithium hydroxide. The nanoparticle suspension was then dip coated on SiO2 substrates producing thin films of ZnO nanoparticles, which were then implanted with He+ ions at either room temperature or 400 degrees C. Following implantation, the PL spectrum of the ZnO nanoparticles was investigated and compared to that obtained from He-implanted bulk ZnO. Change in the overall luminescence efficiency was found to depend on both the size of the nanoparticles and the implantation temperature, and is attributed to the dynamic recovery of collision cascades in the ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, a comparison of He+-implanted ZnO nanoparticles with He+-implanted ZnO single crystals indicates that the origin of the green luminescence occurring from the ZnO nanoparticles is near-surface complex defects. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 218 Engn N, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lucca@ceat.okstate.edu RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.12.170 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500018 ER PT J AU Sangyuenyongpipat, S Yu, LD Brown, IG Seprom, C Vilaithong, T AF Sangyuenyongpipat, S. Yu, L. D. Brown, I. G. Seprom, C. Vilaithong, T. TI In-Situ atomic force microscopic observation of ion beam bombarded plant cell envelopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE ion bombardment; microcrater; AFM; plant cell envelope; onion skin cells ID WALL; SURFACE AB A program in ion beam bioengineering has been established at Chiang Mai University (CMU), Thailand, and ion beam induced transfer of plasmid DNA molecules into bacterial cells (Escherichia coli) has been demonstrated. However, a good understanding of the fundamental physical processes involved is lacking. In parallel work, onion skin cells have been bombarded with Ar+ ions at energy 25 keV and fluencel-2 x 10(15) ions/cm(2), revealing the formation of microcrater-like structures on the cell wall that could serve as channels for the transfer of large macromolecules into the cell interior. An in-situ atomic force microscope (AFM) system has been designed and installed in the CMU bio-implantation facility as a tool for the observation of these microcraters during ion beam bombardment. Here we describe some of the features of the in-situ AFM and outline some of the related work. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sangyuenyongpipat, S (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35,YFL, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM sosangyu@phys.jyu.fi NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.12.124 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500032 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Thompson, JD Dickerson, RM Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, L. G. Thompson, J. D. Dickerson, R. M. Nastasi, M. TI Magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles obtained by ion implantation into amorphous silica SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE cobalt; implantation; nanoparticle; magnetic properties ID SIZE AB Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanoparticles obtained by 35 keV Co+ ion implantation into amorphous SiO2 was carried out. Implantation fluences from 1.5 to 10 x 10(16) atoms/cm(2) were used to control the average size of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed sizes ranging from ca. 2.5 to 10 nm, depending on the implantation fluence. The magnetic properties were determined using a superconducting quantum interference device, with measurements carried out as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. The results show that magnetic properties are dependent on the dimensions of the nanoparticles, with an increase of the blocking temperature, anisotropy constant, and relative remanent magnetization, and a decrease of the saturation magnetization field decreasing for larger particles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS E-546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.026 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500102 ER PT J AU Lucca, DA Ghisleni, R Nastasi, M Shao, L Wang, YQ Dong, J Mehner, A AF Lucca, D. A. Ghisleni, R. Nastasi, M. Shao, L. Wang, Y. Q. Dong, J. Mehner, A. TI Effects of ion implantation on the surface mechanical properties of sol-gel derived TEOS/MTES thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE ion implantation; sol-gel; hybrid organic/inorganic; nanoindentation; hardness ID SI-BASED POLYMERS; IRRADIATION; COATINGS; CERAMICS AB A study of the effects of ion implantation of hybrid organic/inorganic modified silicate thin films on their surface mechanical properties is presented. The thin films were synthesized by sol-gel processing from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) precursors and spin-coated onto Si substrates. After heat treatment at 300 degrees C for 10 min, the films were implanted with 100 keV Si+, O+ and N+ with fluences ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 3 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Both hardness and reduced elastic modulus were seen to exhibit a monotonic increase with fluence for 100 keV Si+ implanted films. When implanted with different ions having the same fluence and similar electronic stopping, no observable differences in the hardness and reduced elastic modulus depth profiles could be seen. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Stiftung Inst Werkstofftech, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 218 Engn N, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lucca@ceat.okstate.edu RI Ghisleni, Rudy/E-7884-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.062 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500132 ER PT J AU Ghisleni, R Lucca, DA Nastasi, M Shao, L Wang, YQ Dong, J Mehner, A AF Ghisleni, R. Lucca, D. A. Nastasi, M. Shao, L. Wang, Y. Q. Dong, J. Mehner, A. TI Effect of electronic stopping on the irradiation-induced changes in hybrid modified silicate thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE ion irradiation; sol-gel; hybrid organic/inorganic; hydrogen loss; hardness ID INDUCED HYDROGEN LOSS; ION-IRRADIATION; COATINGS; HARDNESS AB Ion beam processing of organic/inorganic thin films can provide an alterative means to heat treatment in converting the films to their final desired mechanical properties. In this study, hybrid sol-gel derived thin films based on TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate Si(OC2H5)(4)) and MTES (methyltriethoxysilane CH3Si(OC2H5)(3)) were prepared and deposited on Si substrates by spin coating. After the films were allowed to air dry they were heat treated at 300 degrees C for 10 min. Ion irradiation was carried out at room temperature using 2 MeV Cu2+, 115 keV He+ and 115 keV H+ ions. Ion fluence was varied such that the electronic energy deposited to the film surface region was kept constant for the three different ions. Hardness and H loss in the films were measured after irradiation and were found to depend on the incident ion species. Both hardness and H loss were found to have a linear dependence with ion electronic stopping power. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Stiftung Inst Werkstofftech, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 218 Engn N, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lucca@ceat.okstate.edu RI Ghisleni, Rudy/E-7884-2010 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.061 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500133 ER PT J AU Yu, LD Sangyuenyongpipat, S Sriprom, C Thongleurm, C Suwanksum, R Tondee, N Prakrajang, K Vilaithong, T Brown, IG Wiedemann, H AF Yu, L. D. Sangyuenyongpipat, S. Sriprom, C. Thongleurm, C. Suwanksum, R. Tondee, N. Prakrajang, K. Vilaithong, T. Brown, I. G. Wiedemann, H. TI A specialized bioengineering ion beam line SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY SP ST Microelect, IMM-CNR, MATIS CNR-INFM, Appl Mat, High Voltage Engn Europe, Axcelis, LPE-ETC, Hitec, Laser Source, 2M Strumenti, Varian, Univ Catania, Fac Sci DE ion beam; bioengineering; ion beam bioengineering (or biotechnology); ion beam line; atomic force microscope (AFM) ID CELLS AB A specialized bioengineering ion beam line has recently been completed at Chiang Mai University to meet rapidly growing needs of research and application development in low-energy ion beam biotechnology. This beam line possesses special features: vertical main beam line, low-energy (30 keV) ion beams, double swerve of the beam, a fast pumped target chamber, and an in-situ atomic force microscope (AFM) system chamber. The whole beam line is situated in a bioclean environment, occupying two stories. The quality of the ion beam has been studied. It has proved that this beam line has significantly contributed to our research work on low-energy ion beam biotechnology. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Appl Phys & SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Yu, LD (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM yuld@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2007 VL 257 BP 790 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.125 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 163NB UT WOS:000246165500178 ER PT J AU Stetcu, I Quaglioni, S Bacca, S Barrett, BR Johnson, CW Navratil, P Barnea, N Leidemann, W Orlandini, G AF Stetcu, Ionel Quaglioni, Sofia Bacca, Sonia Barrett, Bruce R. Johnson, Calvin W. Navratil, Petr Barnea, Nir Leidemann, Winfried Orlandini, Giuseppina TI Benchmark calculation of inclusive electromagnetic responses in the four-body nuclear system SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PERMUTATIONAL SYMMETRY; LORENTZ INTEGRAL TRANSFORM; SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; HYPERSPHERICAL FUNCTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; CONSTRUCTION; SCATTERING; ELECTRON AB Both the no-core shell model and the effective interaction hyperspherical harmonic approaches are applied to the calculation of different response functions to external electromagnetic probes, using the Lorentz integral transform method. The test is performed on the four-body nuclear system, within a simple potential model. The quality of the agreement in the various cases is discussed, together with the perspectives for rigorous ab initio calculations of cross sections of heavier nuclei. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Gesellsch Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. San Diego State Univ, Phys Dept, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. INFN, Grp Collegato Trento, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Stetcu, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM istet@email.arizona.edu; quaglioni1@llnl.gov; s.bacca@gsi.de RI Barnea, Nir/F-8960-2011 OI Barnea, Nir/0000-0001-8036-3052 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.047 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156FA UT WOS:000245632300002 ER PT J AU Jones, WV Turner, K AF Jones, W. Vernon Turner, Kathy TI Fundamental physics and particle astrophysics in space in the USA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Particle and Fundamental Physics in Space CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Minist Sci & Technol, Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Italian Embassy Beijing, Japanese Soc Promot Space Sci, Beihang Univ ID MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER AMS AB This paper presents a high level view of some key fundamental physics and particle astrophysics investigations underway or planned by the U.S. This scope precludes some of the highest priorities of the Agencies, and some projects within scope are not discussed because of space limitations or the fact that they were presented independently. C1 NASA, Sci Miss Directorate, Div Astrophys, Washington, DC 20546 USA. US DOE, Off High Energy Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Jones, WV (reprint author), NASA, Sci Miss Directorate, Div Astrophys, DH-1000, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 166 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.12.065 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156FT UT WOS:000245634200002 ER PT J AU Mousseau, VA AF Mousseau, Vincent A. TI Accurate solution of the nonlinear partial differential equations from thermal hydraulics SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting on Update in Best Estimate Methods in Nuclear Installation s Safety Analysis CY NOV 14-18, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Nucl Soc DE two phase; non-linear; implicit ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHODS; TIME INTEGRATION; SYSTEMS AB Both analytical and numerical results are employed to compare the accuracy of numerical methods for the solution of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations that represent the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in thermal-hydraulic codes. The analysis points out the types of errors that need to be addressed to make the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in thermal-hydraulic codes more accurate. Simulation results depict trends that are expected from the analytical results. Conclusions based on both the analytical and numerical results show that modern numerical methods can provide significant improvements in accuracy over the approaches employed in the current thermal-hydraulic codes. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mousseau, VA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Vincent.Mousseau@inl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 156GF UT WOS:000245635400004 ER PT J AU Schowalter, DG Basu, N Walavalkar, A Schultz, RR AF Schowalter, David G. Basu, Nilanjana Walavalkar, Ajey Schultz, Richard R. TI On the choice between segregated and coupled solver approaches when using computational fluid dynamics for gas-cooled reactor analysis SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting on Update in Best Estimate Methods in Nuclear Installation s Safety Analysis CY NOV 14-18, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Nucl Soc DE simulation; thermal hydraulics; computational fluid dynamics AB In this study, computational fluid dynamics solutions are obtained for a General Atomics GT-MHR reactor core under a depressurization scenario involving highly compressible flow. It is found that while the FLUENT segregated solver is generally preferred for nuclear engineering applications, the coupled solver provides better performance at very high pressure ratios in this application. C1 ANSYS Fluent, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environ Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schowalter, DG (reprint author), ANSYS Fluent, 10 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM dave.schowalter@ansys.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 156GF UT WOS:000245635400008 ER PT J AU Qian, SN Takacs, P AF Qian, Shinan Takacs, Peter TI Design of multiple-function long trace profiler SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUC Optics CY AUG, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE long trace profiler; multiple-function long trace profiler; multiple function; accuracy; large measurement range ID PENCIL BEAM INTERFEROMETER; MIRRORS; ACCURACY; LTP AB The long trace profiler (LTP) is a useful optical metrology instrument for measuring the figure and slope error of cylindrical aspheres commonly used as synchrotron radiation (SR) optics. A multiple-function LTP (LTP-MF) is developed at the optical metrology laboratories of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) with a goal of increasing the accuracy of the measurement and extending the range of applications to other areas. Characteristics of the LTP-MF are a very compact and lightweight optical head, a large angular test range (+/- 16 mrad), and high accuracy. The LTP-MF can be used in various configurations: as a laboratory-based LTP, as an in situ LTP or penta-prism LTP, as an angle monitor, as a portable LTP, and as a small-radius-of-curvature test instrument. The system configuration, designs of the compact optical head and slide, and analysis of different measurements modes and systematic error correction methods are introduced. Preliminary comparison measurements between the LTP-MF and the LTP-II are presented. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535 B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qian@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 AR 043602 DI 10.1117/1.2724851 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 166BI UT WOS:000246351600021 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Hurst, KE Radojevic, AM Dillon, AC Osgood, RM AF Lehman, John H. Hurst, Katherine E. Radojevic, Antonije M. Dillon, Anne C. Osgood, Richard M., Jr. TI Multiwall carbon nanotube absorber on a thin-film lithium niobate pyroelectric detector SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; LINBO3 AB Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were applied in a bulk layer to a pyroelectric film to increase the detector sensitivity nearly fourfold without a substantial penalty to the low-frequency response (4 - 100 Hz). In addition, the spectral sensitivity over the wavelength range from 600 to 1800 run was uniformly enhanced, with variations less than 1%. The results demonstrate the suitability of MWNTs as an efficient thermal absorber having low thermal mass. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 772 EP 774 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000772 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148XE UT WOS:000245109900015 PM 17339932 ER PT J AU Reddy, A Hovis, DB Heuer, AH Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Reddy, A. Hovis, D. B. Heuer, A. H. Paulikas, A. P. Veal, B. W. TI In situ study of oxidation-induced growth strains in a model NiCrAlY bond-coat alloy SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE thermal-barrier systems; residual stress; spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation; Debye-Scherrer diffraction rings ID THERMAL-BARRIER COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS; ALUMINA SCALES; X-RAY; SAPPHIRE ALPHA-AL2O3; STRESS MEASUREMENTS; CYCLIC OXIDATION; RESIDUAL-STRESS; OXIDE SCALES; O-18 TRACER AB Synchrotron radiation has been used to study in situ the evolution of growth strains in an Al2O3 scale (the so-called TGO or thermally grown oxide) on a model bond-coat alloy (Ni-19.7 Cr-19.2 Al-0.1 Y at.%) as oxide growth proceeds in air at 950-1100 degrees C, and the changes in these strains due to thermal-expansion mismatch as the samples are cooled. Tensile growth stresses develop in the oxide scales during the initial stages of oxidation, a result of initially formed transition aluminas converting to the stable alpha-Al2O3 form, but large residual compressive stresses are present at room temperature due to thermal-expansion mismatch between the scale and the bond-coat. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heuer, AH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM heuer@case.edu NR 64 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s11085-006-9044-8 PG 25 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 145UE UT WOS:000244890000002 ER PT J AU Tufteland, M Pesavento, JB Bermingham, RL Hoeprich, PD Ryan, RO AF Tufteland, Megan Pesavento, Joseph B. Bermingham, Rachelle L. Hoeprich, Paul D., Jr. Ryan, Robert O. TI Peptide stabilized amphotericin B nanodisks SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE nanodisk; amphotericin B; dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; apolipoprotein A-I; peptide; electron microscopy ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; AMPHIPATHIC ALPHA-HELIX; MIMETIC PEPTIDES; ASSOCIATION AB Nanometer scale apolipoprotein A-I stabilized phospholipid disk complexes (nanodisks; ND) have been formulated with the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB). The present studies were designed to evaluate if a peptide can substitute for the function of the apolipoprotein component of ND with respect to particle formation and stability. An 18-residue synthetic amphipathic a-helical peptide, termed 4F (Ac-D-W-F-K-A-F-Y-D-K-V-A-EK-F-K-E-A-F-NH2), solubilized vesicles comprised of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), dipentadecanoyl PC or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at rates greater than or equal to solubilization rates observed with human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I; 243 amino acids). Characterization studies revealed that interaction with DMPC induced a near doubling of 4F tryptophan fluorescence emission quantum yield (excitation 280 nm) and a similar to 7 nm blue shift in emission wavelength maximum. inclusion of AMB in the vesicle substrate resulted in formation of 4F AMB-ND. Spectra of AMB containing particles revealed the antibiotic is a highly effective quencher of 4F tryptophan fluorescence emission, giving rise to a Ksv = 7.7 x 10(4). Negative stain electron microscopy revealed that AMB-ND prepared with 4F possessed a disk shaped morphology similar to ND prepared without AMB or prepared with apoA-I. In yeast and pathogenic fungi growth inhibition assays, 4F AMBND was as effective as apoA-I AMB-ND. The data indicate that AMB-ND generated using an amphipathic peptide in lieu of apoA-I form a discrete population of particles that possess potent biological activity. Given their intrinsic versatility, peptides may be preferred for scale up and clinical application of AMB-ND. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Lipid Biol Hlth & Dis Res Grp, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryan, RO (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Lipid Biol Hlth & Dis Res Grp, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM rryan@chori.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI062541, AI061354, R01 AI061354, AI062541] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.01.007 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156CP UT WOS:000245625900003 PM 17293004 ER PT J AU Harimkar, S Dahotre, NB AF Harimkar, S. Dahotre, N. B. TI Laser assisted densification of surface porosity in structural alumina ceramic SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Brazo;oam/German Workshop on Applied Surface Science CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Mangaratiba, BRAZIL ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; GRINDING WHEEL MATERIAL; FRACTAL DIMENSION AB Alumina ceramics are extensively used in structural components due to excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The effective utilization of alumina ceramic in these applications necessitates the minimization of inherent processing defects such as porosity. Laser processing can be effectively used for densification of the surface porosity of these ceramics especially desirable for the applications where ceramics are exposed to high temperatures and aggressive environments. The present study discusses the influence of laser processing fluence on the surface porosity of the alumina ceramic irradiated with a continuous wave Nd: YAG laser beam. A detailed scanning electron microscopy characterization was carried out to indicate the mechanism of densification of porosity during laser irradiation based on development of solidification microstructures. Finally, a fractal geometry based approach was introduced to characterize the surface microstructures such that useful correlation can be developed for the prediction of surface porosity directly from the fractal dimensions. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD APR PY 2007 VL 204 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1002/pssa.200622379 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 163WV UT WOS:000246194800030 ER PT J AU Soukoulis, CM Koschny, T Zhou, JF Kafesaki, M Economou, EN AF Soukoulis, Costas M. Koschny, Thomas Zhou, Jiangfeng Kafesaki, Maria Economou, Eleftherios N. TI Magnetic response of split ring resonators at terahertz frequencies SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Metamaterials - Optical Elements for the 21st Century CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL German Phys Soc, Pysikzentrum, Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP German Phys Soc, Wihelm, Else Heraeus Stiftung HO German Phys Soc, Pysikzentrum ID NEGATIVE-INDEX; METAMATERIAL; REFRACTION; TRANSMISSION AB We investigate numerically the electric and the magnetic response of the split-ring resonators (SRRs) for different electromagnetic (EM) field polarization and propagation directions. We have studied the current density J of circular and rectangular SRRs at THz frequencies. At low frequencies, J is confined to the edges of the SRRs, while at high frequencies J is all over the width of the wire. The diamagnetic response of the SRRs is also examined. Finally, the role of losses and the magnetic resonance frequency are studied as the size of the SRRs becomes less than 100 nm. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Crete, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, FORTH, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukoulis@ameslab.gov RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD APR PY 2007 VL 244 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1187 DI 10.1002/pssb.200674503 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 157HK UT WOS:000245709200005 ER PT J AU Bellm, S Lower, J Bartschat, K Guan, X Weflen, D Foster, M Harris, AL Madison, DH AF Bellm, S. Lower, J. Bartschat, K. Guan, X. Weflen, D. Foster, M. Harris, A. L. Madison, D. H. TI Ionization and ionization-excitation of helium to the n=1-4 states of He+ by electron impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; E,2E; ATOMS; SPECTROMETER; MOMENTUM; HYDROGEN; ENERGY; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB We present experimental and theoretical results for the electron-impact-induced ionization of ground-state helium atoms. Using a high-sensitivity toroidal electron spectrometer, we measured cross-section ratios for transitions leading to the first three excited states of the residual helium ion relative to the transition leaving the ion in the ground state. Measurements were performed for both symmetric- and asymmetric-energy-sharing kinematics. By presenting results as a ratio, a direct comparison can be made between theoretical and experimental predictions without recourse to normalization. The experimental data are compared to theoretical predictions employing various first-order models and a second-order hybrid distorted-wave + convergent R matrix with pseudostates (close-coupling) approach. All the first-order models fail in predicting even the approximate size of the cross-section ratios. The second-order calculations are found to describe the experimental data for asymmetric-energy-sharing with reasonable fidelity, although significant disparities are evident for the symmetric-energy-sharing cases. These comparisons demonstrate the need for further theoretical developments, in which all four charged particles are treated on an equal footing. C1 Australian Natl Univ, AMPL, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4 B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Bellm, S (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, AMPL, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012; Guan, Xiaoxu/A-1299-2013 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 042704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.042704 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600075 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Tuchin, K AF Kharzeev, Dmitri Tuchin, Kirill TI Vacuum self-focusing of very intense laser beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-PHOTON AB We argue that long-range photon-photon attraction induced by the dipole interaction of two electron-positron loops can lead to '' vacuum self-focusing '' of very intense laser beams. The focusing angle theta(F) is found to increase with the beam intensity I as theta(F)similar to I-4/3; for the laser beams available at present or in the near future, theta(F)similar or equal to 10(-10)-10(-7). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 043807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.043807 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600129 ER PT J AU Krause, HF Vane, CR Meyer, FW AF Krause, H. F. Vane, C. R. Meyer, F. W. TI Ions transmitted through an anodic nanocapillary array SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POROUS ALUMINA MEMBRANES; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; HOLLOW ATOMS IONS; PET; NANOTUBES AB The transmission of incident 10-20 keV/q Ar+, Ar3+, Ne3+, and Ne7+ ions in an Al2O3 nanocapillary array was studied. The array consists of a dense distribution of pores typically 100 nm in diameter and 60 mu m in length. Emergent charge-state-selected angular distributions were studied at low energy using a two-dimensional (2D) position sensitive detector. The principal transmitted q state is the incident q state in all cases. The transmitted fraction of incident beam, approximate to 2x10(-8), is many orders of magnitude smaller than the array's surface porosity (approximate to 40%). No evidence of significant energy loss is observed for the transmitted ions. Yields in lower q states and neutrals formed by electron capture are typically below 3% of the entrance q-state yield. Observed angular distributions consist of well resolved, 2D structures sitting on a continuum distribution. The angular distribution and sharp angular structures can be steered in the direction of the pores within about +/- 0.5 degrees without a significant loss of transmitted intensity by rotating the sample with respect to the incident beam. All data suggest that the structure in the scattered ion angular distributions arises when ions bounce at ultralow grazing angles in very large impact parameter Coulomb collisions with electrically charged nanopore walls. Analysis of the observed structure has allowed the identification of single, double, and triple collisions inside the nanopores. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krause, HF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 042901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.042901 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600087 ER PT J AU Stalnaker, JE Le Coq, Y Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Oates, CW Hollberg, L AF Stalnaker, J. E. Le Coq, Y. Fortier, T. M. Diddams, S. A. Oates, C. W. Hollberg, L. TI Measurement of excited-state transitions in cold calcium atoms by direct femtosecond frequency-comb spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER AB We apply direct frequency-comb spectroscopy, in combination with precision cw spectroscopy, to measure the 4s4p P-3(1)-> 4s5s S-3(1) transition frequency in cold calcium atoms. A 657 nm ultrastable cw laser was used to excite atoms on the narrow (gamma similar to 400 Hz) 4s(2) S-1(0)-> 4s4p P-3(1) clock transition, and the direct output of the frequency comb was used to excite those atoms from the 4s4p P-3(1) state to the 4s5s S-3(1) state. The resonance of this second stage was detected by observing a decrease in population of the ground state as a result of atoms being optically pumped to the metastable 4s4p P-3(0,2) states. The 4s4p P-3(1)-> 4s5s S-3(1) transition frequency is measured to be nu=489 544 285 713(56) kHz; an improvement by almost four orders of magnitude over the previously measured value. In addition, we demonstrate spectroscopy on magnetically trapped atoms in the 4s4p P-3(2) state. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stalnaker, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 040502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.040502 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600006 ER PT J AU Yip, FL Horner, DA McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN AF Yip, F. L. Horner, D. A. McCurdy, C. W. Rescigno, T. N. TI Single and triple differential cross sections for double photoionization of H- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; 2-ELECTRON PHOTOEJECTION; HELIUM; IONIZATION; HYDROGEN; THRESHOLD; FRAGMENTATION; MOLECULE; BREAKUP AB The hydride anion H- would not be bound in the absence of electron correlation. Since the double-photoionization process is exquisitely sensitive to electron correlation, one expects electron correlation effects to leave a strong signature on the double-ionization cross sections for H-. We present fully differential cross sections for the three-body breakup of H- by single-photon absorption. The absolute triply and singly differential cross sections were obtained from ab initio calculations making use of exterior complex scaling within a discrete-variable-representation partial-wave basis. Results calculated at photon energies of 18 and 30 eV are compared with reported cross sections for helium calculated at 20 eV above the double-ionization threshold. These comparisons show a clear signature of initial-state correlations that differentiate the He and H- cases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yip, FL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 042715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.042715 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600086 ER PT J AU Zhang, WX Mustecaphoglu, OE You, L AF Zhang, Wenxian Mustecaphoglu, O. E. You, L. TI Solitons in a trapped spin-1 atomic condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; CONFINEMENT; GASES AB We numerically investigate a particular type of spin soliton inside a trapped atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with ferromagnetic interactions. Within the mean-field theory approximation, our study of the solitonic dynamics shows that the solitonic wave function, its center-of-mass motion, and the local spin evolutions are stable and are intimately related to the domain structures studied recently in spin-1 Rb-87 condensates. We discuss a rotating reference frame wherein the dynamics of the solitonic local spatial spin distribution becomes time independent. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Koc Univ, Dept Phys, TR-34450 Istanbul, Turkey. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Zhang, WX (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Zhang, Wenxian/A-4274-2010; Mustecaplioglu, Ozgur/F-4001-2012 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 043601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.043601 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 162GJ UT WOS:000246074600101 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN Shpak, AP AF Antonov, V. N. Harmon, B. N. Yaresko, A. N. Shpak, A. P. TI Electronic structure, noncollinear magnetism, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in the Mn3ZnC perovskite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES; COMPOUND MN3GAC; MANGANESE; MN3SNC; XMCD AB Mn3ZnC possesses a magnetic phase transition at T-t=233 K from a ferromagnetic phase to a ferrimagnetic one with a noncollinear magnetic structure. The transition is accompanied by a structural change from cubic to tetragonal. The experimentally measured x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Mn K edge shows a drastic change at the magnetic phase transition, which is associated with the appearance of the noncollinear magnetic structure. The electronic structure and XMCD spectra of the Mn3ZnC were investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band-structure method for both the high-temperature cubic and low-temperature tetragonal noncollinear phases. Densities of valence states, spin, and orbital magnetic moments are analyzed and discussed. The origin of the XMCD spectra in the Mn3ZnC compound is examined. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 16 AR 165114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.165114 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GW UT WOS:000246075900024 ER PT J AU Dinner, RB Moler, KA Feldmann, DM Beasley, MR AF Dinner, Rafael B. Moler, Kathryn A. Feldmann, D. Matthew Beasley, M. R. TI Imaging ac losses in superconducting films via scanning Hall probe microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; SQUID MICROSCOPE; CURRENT-DENSITY; CONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; VORTICES; LINES AB Various local probes have been applied to understanding current flow through superconducting films, which are often surprisingly inhomogeneous. Here, we show that magnetic imaging allows quantitative reconstruction of both current density J and electric field E resolved in time and space in a film carrying subcritical ac current. Current reconstruction entails inversion of the Biot-Savart law, while electric fields are reconstructed using Faraday's law. We describe the corresponding numerical procedures, largely adapting existing work to the case of a strip carrying ac current, but including other methods of obtaining the complete electric field from the inductive portion determined by Faraday's law. We also delineate the physical requirements behind the mathematical transformations. We then apply the procedures to images of a strip of YBa2Cu3O7-delta carrying an ac current at 400 Hz. Our scanning Hall probe microscope produces a time series of magnetic images of the strip with 1 mu m spatial resolution and 25 mu s time resolution. Combining the reconstructed J and E, we obtain a complete characterization including local critical current density, E-J curves, and power losses. This analysis has a range of applications from fundamental studies of vortex dynamics to practical coated conductor development. C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dinner, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kmoler@stanford.edu RI Moler, Kathryn/F-2541-2011 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 14 AR 144503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.144503 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GO UT WOS:000246075100081 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Konik, RM AF Essler, F. H. L. Konik, R. M. TI Dynamical spin response of doped two-leg Hubbard-like ladders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; INTEGRABLE MODELS; THIRRING MODEL; FIELD-THEORIES; S-MATRIX; CHAIN; SR14CU24O41; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We study the dynamical spin response of doped two-leg Hubbard-like ladders in the framework of a low-energy effective field theory description given by the SO(6) Gross-Neveu model. Using the integrability of the SO(6) Gross-Neveu model, we derive the low energy dynamical magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility is characterized by an incommensurate coherent mode near (pi,pi) and by broad two excitation scattering continua at other k-points. In our computation we are able to estimate the relative weights of these contributions. All calculations are performed using form factor expansions which yield exact low energy results in the context of the SO(6) Gross-Neveu model. To employ this expansion, a number of hitherto undetermined form factors were computed. To do so, we developed a general approach for the computation of matrix elements of semilocal SO(6) Gross-Neveu operators. While our computation takes place in the context of SO(6) Gross-Neveu, we also consider the effects of perturbations away from an SO(6) symmetric model, showing that small perturbations at best quantitatively change the physics. C1 Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, 1 Kreble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890 NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 14 AR 144403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.144403 PG 28 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GO UT WOS:000246075100051 ER PT J AU Fransson, J Balatsky, AV AF Fransson, J. Balatsky, A. V. TI Exchange interaction and Fano resonances in diatomic molecular systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-DOT; CHARGE; SILICON; STM AB We propose a mechanism to use scanning tunneling microscopy for direct measurements of the two-electron singlet-triplet exchange splitting J in diatomic molecular systems, using the coupling between the molecule and the substrate electrons. The different pathways for electrons lead to interference effects and generate kinks in the differential conductance at the energies for the singlet and triplet states. These features are related to the Fano resonance due to the branched electron wave functions. The ratio between the tunneling amplitudes through the two atoms can be modulated by spatial movements of the tip along the surface. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fransson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jonasf@lanl.gov; avb@lanl.gov RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 15 AR 153309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.153309 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GQ UT WOS:000246075300019 ER PT J AU Gillespie, BA Zhou, XW Murdick, DA Wadley, HNG Drautz, R Pettifor, DG AF Gillespie, B. A. Zhou, X. W. Murdick, D. A. Wadley, H. N. G. Drautz, R. Pettifor, D. G. TI Bond-order potential for silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTERS; SURFACES; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The tight-binding description of covalent bonding is used to propose a four-level, bond-order potential for elemental silicon. The potential addresses both the sigma and pi bonding and the valence of this sp-valent element. The interatomic potential is parametrized using ab initio and experimental data for the diamond cubic, simple cubic, face-centered-cubic, and body-centered-cubic phases of silicon. The bond-order potential for silicon is assessed by comparing the predicted values with other estimates of the cohesive energy, atomic volume, and bulk modulus for the beta-Sn, bc8, st12, and 46 clathrate structures. The potential predicts a melting temperature of 1650 +/- 50 K in good agreement with the experimental value of 1687 K. The energetics of various high-symmetry point defect structures and the structure and energetics of small silicon clusters are investigated. The potential also provides a robust description of surface reconstructions; it notably predicts with high fidelity the surface formation energy of the (111) 7x7 dimer adatom stacking fault configuration. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mech Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Gillespie, BA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Murdick, Dewey/A-5849-2008; Drautz, Ralf/A-2938-2017 OI Drautz, Ralf/0000-0001-7101-8804 NR 80 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 15 AR 155207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155207 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GQ UT WOS:000246075300058 ER EF