FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kitano, R Ooguri, H Ookouchi, Y AF Kitano, Ryuichiro Ooguri, Hirosi Ookouchi, Yutaka TI Direct mediation of metastable supersymmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIRECT GAUGE MEDIATION; N=1 DUALITY; MODEL; BRANES; VACUA; SUPERSTRINGS; UNIFICATION; INSTANTONS; DYNAMICS AB The supersymmetric SU(N-C) Yang-Mills theory coupled to N-F matter fields in the fundamental representation has metastable vacua with broken supersymmetry when N-C < N-F < 3/2N(C). By gauging the flavor symmetry, this model can be coupled directly to the standard model. We show that it is possible to make a slight deformation to the model so that gaugino masses are generated and the Landau pole problem can be avoided. The deformed model has simple realizations on intersecting branes in string theory, where various features of the metastable vacua are encoded geometrically as brane configurations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kitano, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Ooguri, Hirosi/A-4407-2011 NR 58 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 045022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.045022 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200088 ER PT J AU Loktik, O Izubuchi, T AF Loktik, Oleg Izubuchi, Taku TI Perturbative renormalization for static and domain-wall bilinears and four-fermion operators with improved gauge actions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY QUARKS; LATTICE RENORMALIZATION; LEADING LOGARITHMS; CHIRAL FERMIONS; LIGHT; HQET; CURRENTS; MESONS; LIMIT; QCD AB We calculate one-loop renormalization factors for heavy-light bilinears as well as four-fermion operators relevant for B-0-B-0 mixing calculations on the lattice. We use the static approximation for heavy quarks and the domain-wall formulation for light quarks. We present results for different choices of improved gauge action. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Loktik, O (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 034504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.034504 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800043 ER PT J AU McGreevy, J Silverstein, E Starr, D AF McGreevy, John Silverstein, Eva Starr, David TI New dimensions for wound strings: The modular transformation of geometry to topology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RICCI FLOW; MANIFOLDS AB We show, using a theorem of Milnor and Margulis, that string theory on compact negatively curved spaces grows new effective dimensions as the space shrinks, generalizing and contextualizing the results in E. Silverstein, Phys. Rev. D 73, 086004 (2006).. Milnor's theorem relates negative sectional curvature on a compact Riemannian manifold to exponential growth of its fundamental group, which translates in string theory to a higher effective central charge arising from winding strings. This exponential density of winding modes is related by modular invariance to the infrared small perturbation spectrum. Using self-consistent approximations valid at large radius, we analyze this correspondence explicitly in a broad set of time-dependent solutions, finding precise agreement between the effective central charge and the corresponding infrared small perturbation spectrum. This indicates a basic relation between geometry, topology, and dimensionality in string theory. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP McGreevy, J (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 044025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.044025 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200063 ER PT J AU Mena, O Nunokawa, H Parke, S AF Mena, Olga Nunokawa, Hiroshi Parke, Stephen TI NO nu A plus T2K: The race for the neutrino mass hierarchy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID LEPTONIC CP VIOLATION; SUPER-BEAM FACILITY; BETA-BEAM; OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; MATTER; PHYSICS; GOLDEN; DEGENERACIES; APPEARANCE; PARAMETERS AB The determination of the ordering of the neutrino masses (the hierarchy) is probably a crucial prerequisite to understand the origin of lepton masses and mixings and to establish their relationship to the analogous properties in the quark sector. Here, we follow an alternative strategy to the usual neutrino-antineutrino comparison in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: we exploit the combination of the neutrino-only data from the NO v A and the T2K experiments by performing these two off- axis experiments at different distances but at the same < E >/L, where < E > is the mean neutrino energy and L is the baseline. This would require a minor adjustment to the proposed off-axis angle for one or both of the proposed experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22452979 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Mena, O (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 101 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 033002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.033002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800014 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, R Frieman, JA AF Rosenfeld, Rogerio Frieman, Joshua A. TI Cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure constraints on a simple quintessential inflation model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AB We derive constraints on a simple quintessential inflation model, based on a spontaneously broken Phi(4) theory, imposed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe three-year data (WMAP3) and by galaxy clustering results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We find that the scale of symmetry breaking must be larger than about 3 Planck masses in order for inflation to generate acceptable values of the scalar spectral index and of the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We also show that the resulting quintessence equation of state can evolve rapidly at recent times and hence can potentially be distinguished from a simple cosmological constant in this parameter regime. C1 UNESP, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rosenfeld, R (reprint author), UNESP, Inst Fis Teor, Rua Pamplona 145, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM rosenfel@ift.unesp.br; frieman@fnal.gov RI Rosenfeld, Rogerio/L-5845-2016 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 043513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.043513 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200029 ER PT J AU Schwanda, C Abe, K Adachi, I Aihara, H Anipko, D Aulchenko, V Barberio, E Bay, A Bedny, I Belous, K Bitenc, U Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Browder, TE Chang, P Chen, A Chen, WT Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, Y Choi, YK Cole, S Dalseno, J Dash, M Eidelman, S Fratina, S Gabyshev, N Gershon, T Go, A Gokhroo, G Golob, B Ha, H Haba, J Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Hoshi, Y Hou, S Hou, WS Iijima, T Ikado, K Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, M Iwasaki, Y Kang, JH Kataoka, SU Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Khan, HR Kichimi, H Kim, YJ Kinoshita, K Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kumar, R Kuo, CC Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Lee, MJ Lee, SE Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, SW Liventsev, D MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsumoto, T Matyja, A McOnie, S Mitaroff, W Miyake, H Miyata, H Miyazaki, Y Mizuk, R Moloney, GR Mori, T Nagamine, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nozaki, T Ohshima, T Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Pakhlova, G Park, CW Park, H Peak, LS Pestotnik, R Piilonen, LE Sakai, Y Satoyama, N Schietinger, T Schneider, O Seidl, R Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shapkin, M Shibuya, H Singh, JB Somov, A Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Stoeck, H Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, SY Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tian, XC Tikhomirov, I Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Uglov, T Uno, S Urquijo, P Usov, Y Varner, G Varvell, KE Villa, S Wang, CH Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Won, E Xie, QL Yabsley, BD Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Zhang, LM Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zupanc, A AF Schwanda, C. Abe, K. Adachi, I. Aihara, H. Anipko, D. Aulchenko, V. Barberio, E. Bay, A. Bedny, I. Belous, K. Bitenc, U. Bizjak, I. Bondar, A. Bozek, A. Bracko, M. Browder, T. E. Chang, P. Chen, A. Chen, W. T. Cheon, B. G. Chistov, R. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Cole, S. Dalseno, J. Dash, M. Eidelman, S. Fratina, S. Gabyshev, N. Gershon, T. Go, A. Gokhroo, G. Golob, B. Ha, H. Haba, J. Hazumi, M. Heffernan, D. Hoshi, Y. Hou, S. Hou, W. -S. Iijima, T. Ikado, K. Inami, K. Ishikawa, A. Itoh, R. Iwasaki, M. Iwasaki, Y. Kang, J. H. Kataoka, S. U. Katayama, N. Kawai, H. Kawasaki, T. Khan, H. R. Kichimi, H. Kim, Y. J. Kinoshita, K. Krizan, P. Krokovny, P. Kumar, R. Kuo, C. C. Kwon, Y. -J. Lange, J. S. Lee, M. J. Lee, S. E. Lesiak, T. Limosani, A. Lin, S. -W. Liventsev, D. MacNaughton, J. Majumder, G. Mandl, F. Matsumoto, T. Matyja, A. McOnie, S. Mitaroff, W. Miyake, H. Miyata, H. Miyazaki, Y. Mizuk, R. Moloney, G. R. Mori, T. Nagamine, T. Nakano, E. Nakao, M. Natkaniec, Z. Nishida, S. Nozaki, T. Ohshima, T. Okuno, S. Onuki, Y. Ozaki, H. Pakhlov, P. Pakhlova, G. Park, C. W. Park, H. Peak, L. S. Pestotnik, R. Piilonen, L. E. Sakai, Y. Satoyama, N. Schietinger, T. Schneider, O. Seidl, R. Senyo, K. Sevior, M. E. Shapkin, M. Shibuya, H. Singh, J. B. Somov, A. Soni, N. Stanic, S. Staric, M. Stoeck, H. Sumiyoshi, T. Suzuki, S. Y. Takasaki, F. Tamai, K. Tanaka, M. Taylor, G. N. Teramoto, Y. Tian, X. C. Tikhomirov, I. Trabelsi, K. Tsuboyama, T. Tsukamoto, T. Uehara, S. Uglov, T. Uno, S. Urquijo, P. Usov, Y. Varner, G. Varvell, K. E. Villa, S. Wang, C. H. Wang, M. -Z. Watanabe, Y. Won, E. Xie, Q. L. Yabsley, B. D. Yamaguchi, A. Yamashita, Y. Yamauchi, M. Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Z. P. Zhilich, V. Zupanc, A. CA Belle Collaboration TI Moments of the hadronic invariant mass spectrum in B -> X(c)l nu decays at Belle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SEMILEPTONIC B-DECAYS; MESON DECAYS; IDENTIFICATION; KEKB AB We present a measurement of the hadronic invariant mass squared (M-X(2)) spectrum in charmed semileptonic B meson decays B -> X(c)lv based on 140 fb(-1) of Belle data collected near the Y(4S) resonance. We determine the first, the second central, and the second noncentral moments of this spectrum for lepton energy thresholds ranging between 0.7 and 1.9 GeV. Full correlations between these measurements are evaluated. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nippon Dent Univ, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi 985, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Schwanda, C (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. RI Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Pakhlova, Galina/C-5378-2014; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Tian, Xinchun/L-2060-2013; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Uglov, Timofey/B-2406-2014; Mizuk, Roman/B-3751-2014 OI Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Pakhlova, Galina/0000-0001-7518-3022; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Tian, Xinchun/0000-0002-6246-0470; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Uglov, Timofey/0000-0002-4944-1830; NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 032005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.032005 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800012 ER PT J AU Shintani, E Aoki, S Ishizuka, N Kanaya, K Kikukawa, Y Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Ukawa, A Yoshie, T AF Shintani, E. Aoki, S. Ishizuka, N. Kanaya, K. Kikukawa, Y. Kuramashi, Y. Okawa, M. Ukawa, A. Yoshie, T. TI Neutron electric dipole moment with external electric field method in lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRONG CP-VIOLATION; YANG-MILLS THEORY; SUM-RULES; LIMIT; PHYSICS AB We discuss a possibility that the neutron electric dipole moment (NEDM) can be calculated in lattice QCD simulations in the presence of the CP-violating theta term. In this paper we measure the energy difference between spin-up and spin-down states of the neutron in the presence of a uniform and static external electric field. We first test this method in quenched QCD with the renormalization group improved gauge action on a 16(3)x32 lattice at a(-1)similar or equal to 2 GeV, employing two different lattice fermion formulations, the domain-wall fermion and the clover fermion for quarks, at relatively heavy quark mass (m(PS)/m(V)similar or equal to 0.85). We obtain nonzero values of the NEDM from calculations with both fermion formulations. We next consider some systematic uncertainties of our method for the NEDM, using 24(3)x32 lattice at the same lattice spacing only with the clover fermion. We finally investigate the quark mass dependence of the NEDM and observe a nonvanishing behavior of the NEDM toward the chiral limit. We interpret this behavior as a manifestation of the pathology in the quenched approximation. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Shintani, E (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016; Shintani, Eigo/C-8623-2016 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 034507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.034507 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800046 ER PT J AU Wilson, JR Mathews, GJ Fuller, GM AF Wilson, James R. Mathews, Grant J. Fuller, George M. TI Bulk viscosity, decaying dark matter, and the cosmic acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STERILE NEUTRINOS; UNIVERSE; CONSTRAINTS; SCALE AB We discuss a cosmology in which cold dark matter particles decay into relativistic particles. We argue that such decays could lead naturally to a bulk viscosity in the cosmic fluid. For decay lifetimes comparable to the present Hubble age, this bulk viscosity enters the cosmic energy equation as an effective negative pressure. We investigate whether this negative pressure is of sufficient magnitude to account for the observed cosmic acceleration. We show that a single decaying species in a Lambda=0, flat, dark-matter dominated cosmology can not reproduce the observed magnitude-redshift relation from Type Ia supernovae. However, a delayed bulk viscosity, possibly due to a cascade of decaying particles may be able to account for a significant fraction of the apparent cosmic acceleration. Possible candidate nonrelativistic particles for this scenario include sterile neutrinos or gauge-mediated decaying supersymmetric particles. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Ctr Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 043521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.043521 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200037 ER PT J AU Wong, CY Crater, HW AF Wong, Cheuk-Yin Crater, Horace W. TI Potential models and lattice gauge current-current correlators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; LEVEL DENSITY; HEAVY QUARKONIA; CROSS-SECTIONS; POLYAKOV LOOP; DISSOCIATION; ENERGY; QCD AB We compare current-current correlators in lattice gauge calculations with correlators in different potential models, for a pseudoscalar charmonium in the quark-gluon plasma. An important ingredient in the evaluation of the current-current correlator in the potential model is the basic principle that, out of the set of continuum states, only resonance states and Gamow states with lifetimes of sufficient magnitudes can propagate as composite objects and can contribute to the current-current correlator. When the contributions from the bound states and continuum states are properly treated, the potential model current-current correlators obtained with the potential proposed by Wong [Phys. Rev. C 72, 034906 (2005)] are consistent with the lattice gauge correlators. The proposed potential model thus gains support to be a useful tool to complement lattice gauge calculations for the study of QQ states at high temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wongc@ornl.gov; hcrater@utsi.edu OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 034505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.034505 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800044 ER PT J AU Bettencourt, LMA Stephens, GJ Ham, MI Gross, GW AF Bettencourt, Luis M. A. Stephens, Greg J. Ham, Michael I. Gross, Guenter W. TI Functional structure of cortical neuronal networks grown in vitro SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SPIKE TRAINS; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATION; AVALANCHES; DYNAMICS AB We apply an information-theoretic treatment of action potential time series measured with microelectrode arrays to estimate the connectivity of mammalian neuronal cell assemblies grown in vitro. We infer connectivity between two neurons via the measurement of the mutual information between their spike trains. In addition we measure higher-point multi-information between any two spike trains, conditional on the activity of a third cell, as a means to identify and distinguish classes of functional connectivity among three neurons. The use of a conditional three-cell measure removes some interpretational shortcomings of the pairwise mutual information and sheds light on the functional connectivity arrangements of any three cells. We analyze the resultant connectivity graphs in light of other complex networks and demonstrate that, despite their ex vivo development, the connectivity maps derived from cultured neural assemblies are similar to other biological networks and display nontrivial structure in clustering coefficient, network diameter, and assortative mixing. Specifically we show that these networks are weakly disassortative small-world graphs, which differ significantly in their structure from randomized graphs with the same degree. We expect our analysis to be useful in identifying the computational motifs of a wide variety of complex networks, derived from time series data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Genom, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Study Brain Mind & Behav, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Dept Sci Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Bettencourt, LMA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, T-7,MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lmbett@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021915 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.021915 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UJ UT WOS:000244531900076 PM 17358375 ER PT J AU Bowick, M Shin, H Travesset, A AF Bowick, Mark Shin, Homin Travesset, Alex TI Dynamics and instabilities of defects in two-dimensional crystals on curved backgrounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SCARS; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; VACANCY AB Point defects are ubiquitous in two-dimensional crystals and play a fundamental role in determining their mechanical and thermodynamical properties. When crystals are formed on a curved background, finite-length grain boundaries (scars) are generally needed to stabilize the crystal. We provide a continuum elasticity analysis of defect dynamics in curved crystals. By exploiting the fact that any point defect can be obtained as an appropriate combination of disclinations, we provide an analytical determination of the elastic spring constants of dislocations within scars and compare them with existing experimental measurements from optical microscopy. We further show that vacancies and interstitials, which are stable defects in flat crystals, are generally unstable in curved geometries. This observation explains why vacancies or interstitials are never found in equilibrium spherical crystals. We finish with some further implications for experiments and future theoretical work. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bowick, M (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.021404 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UJ UT WOS:000244531900040 PM 17358339 ER PT J AU Conrad, BR Cullen, WG Dougherty, DB Lyubinetsky, I Williams, ED AF Conrad, B. R. Cullen, W. G. Dougherty, D. B. Lyubinetsky, I. Williams, E. D. TI Spatial first-passage statistics of Al/Si(111)-(root 3X root 3) step fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID VICINAL SURFACES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Spatial step edge fluctuations on a multicomponent surface of Al/Si(111)-(root 3x root 3) were measured via scanning tunneling microscopy over a temperature range of 720-1070 K, for step lengths of L=65-160 nm. Even though the time scale of fluctuations of steps on this surface varies by orders of magnitude over the indicated temperature range, measured first-passage spatial persistence and survival probabilities are temperature independent. The power law functional form for spatial persistence probabilities is confirmed and the symmetric spatial persistence exponent is measured to be theta=0.498 +/- 0.062 in agreement with the theoretical prediction theta=1/2. The survival probability is found to scale directly with y/L, where y is the distance along the step edge. The form of the survival probabilities agrees quantitatively with the theoretical prediction, which yields exponential decay in the limit of small y/L. The decay constant is found experimentally to be y(s)/L=0.076 +/- 0.033 for y/L <= 0.2. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, MRSEC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Conrad, BR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Conrad, Brad/C-2563-2008 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.021603 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UJ UT WOS:000244531900050 PM 17358349 ER PT J AU Crooks, GE Jarzynski, C AF Crooks, Gavin E. Jarzynski, Christopher TI Work distribution for the adiabatic compression of a dilute and interacting classical gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; NONEQUILIBRIUM MEASUREMENTS; ERGODIC HYPOTHESIS; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUALITY; ENTROPY; PROOF AB We consider a simple, physically motivated model of a dilute classical gas of interacting particles, initially equilibrated with a heat bath, undergoing adiabatic and quasistatic compression or expansion. This provides an example of a thermodynamic process for which non-Gaussian work fluctuations can be computed exactly from microscopic principles. We find that the work performed during this process is described statistically by a gamma distribution, and we use this result to show that the model satisfies the nonequilibrium work and fluctuation theorems, but not a prediction based on linear response theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Crooks, GE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gecrooks@lbl.gov; cjarzyns@umd.edu RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009; Crooks, Gavin/H-7111-2012 OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920; NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 021116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.021116 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UJ UT WOS:000244531900023 PM 17358322 ER PT J AU Daligault, J Mozyrsky, D AF Daligault, Jerome Mozyrsky, Dmitry TI Ion dynamics and energy relaxation rate in nonequilibrium electron-ion systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; MOTION AB We rigorously derive an analytical expression for the energy equilibration rate in nonequilibrium electron-ion systems that is valid for a large class of systems including solid and liquid metals, warm dense matter, and hot, weakly coupled plasmas. To this end we first derive a generalized Langevin equation that describes the motion of the classical ions in the quantum mechanical environment of the electrons. A general expression for the energy relaxation rate is then obtained assuming that each subsystem is in thermal equilibrium with itself. Direct approximations naturally reproduce the popular results of Landau and Spitzer for hot plasmas and the "Fermi golden rule" result for dense matter. We propose a method to evaluate numerically the energy relaxation rate with finite-temperature density functional theory calculations in difficult regimes such as the warm dense matter regime where neither quantum nor strong coupling effects can be ignored. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daligault, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T15, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daligault@lanl.gov; mozyrsky@lanl.gov OI Mozyrsky, Dima/0000-0001-5305-4617 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 026402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.026402 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UK UT WOS:000244532000043 PM 17358427 ER PT J AU Malkin, VM Fisch, NJ Wurtele, JS AF Malkin, V. M. Fisch, N. J. Wurtele, J. S. TI Compression of powerful x-ray pulses to attosecond durations by stimulated Raman backscattering in plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER AB Backward Raman amplification (BRA) in plasmas holds the potential for longitudinal compression and focusing of powerful x-ray pulses. In principle, this method is capable of producing pulse intensities close to the vacuum breakdown threshold by manipulating the output of planned x-ray sources. The minimum wavelength limit of BRA applicability to compression of laser pulses in plasmas is found. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Malkin, VM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 28 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 026404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.026404 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UK UT WOS:000244532000045 PM 17358429 ER PT J AU Guo, W Yang, B Wang, CX Harkay, K Borland, M AF Guo, W. Yang, B. Wang, C. -x. Harkay, K. Borland, M. TI Generating picosecond x-ray pulses in synchrotron light sources using dipole kickers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; INJECTION AB The duration of the x-ray pulse generated at a synchrotron light source is typically tens of picoseconds. Shorter pulses are highly desired by the users. In electron storage rings, the vertical beam size is usually orders of magnitude less than the bunch length due to radiation damping; therefore, a shorter pulse can be obtained by slitting the vertically tilted bunch. Zholents proposed tilting the bunch using rf deflection. We found that tilted bunches can also be generated by a dipole magnet kick. A vertical tilt is developed after the kick in the presence of nonzero chromaticity. The tilt was successfully observed and a 4.2-ps pulse was obtained from a 27-ps electron bunch at the Advanced Photon Source. Based on this principle, we propose a short-pulse generation scheme that produces picosecond x-ray pulses at a repetition rate of 1 - 2 kHz, which can be used for pump-probe experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11764 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guo, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11764 USA. EM wguo@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 020701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.020701 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900003 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Berg, WJ Sereno, NS Rule, DW Yao, CY AF Lumpkin, A. H. Berg, W. J. Sereno, N. S. Rule, D. W. Yao, C. -Y. TI Near-field imaging of optical diffraction radiation generated by a 7-GeV electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS; SIZE AB We report the first unambiguous demonstration of near-field imaging of optical diffraction radiation (ODR). The source of the ODR was an aluminum metal reflective surface with a 7-GeV electron beam passing nearby its single edge. Because of the high Lorentz factor gamma involved, appreciable ODR is emitted at visible wavelengths even for impact parameters of 1 to 2 mm, so standard imaging techniques were employed. The experimental results are compared to a simple near-field model. We show that the ODR signals are sensitive to both beam size and position. Applications to multi-GeV beams in transport lines in the major synchrotron radiation facilities, x-ray free-electron lasers, energy recovering linacs, and the International Linear Collider are possible. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 022802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.022802 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900007 ER PT J AU Rivetta, C Mastorides, T Fox, JD Teytelman, D Van Winkle, D AF Rivetta, C. Mastorides, T. Fox, J. D. Teytelman, D. Van Winkle, D. TI Modeling and simulation of longitudinal dynamics for Low Energy Ring-High Energy Ring at the Positron-Electron Project SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB A time domain dynamic modeling and simulation tool for beam-cavity interactions in the Low Energy Ring (LER) and High Energy Ring (HER) at the Positron-Electron Project (PEP-II) is presented. Dynamic simulation results for PEP-II are compared to measurements of the actual machine. The motivation for this tool is to explore the stability margins and performance limits of PEP-II radio-frequency (RF) systems at future higher currents and upgraded RF configurations. It also serves as a test bed for new control algorithms and can define the ultimate limits of the low-level RF (LLRF) architecture. The time domain program captures the dynamic behavior of the beam-cavity-LLRF interaction based on a reduced model. The ring current is represented by macrobunches. Multiple RF stations in the ring are represented via one or two macrocavities. Each macrocavity captures the overall behavior of all the 2 or 4 cavity RF stations. Station models include nonlinear elements in the klystron and signal processing. This enables modeling the principal longitudinal impedance control loops interacting via the longitudinal beam model. The dynamics of the simulation model are validated by comparing the measured growth rates for the LER with simulation results. The simulated behavior of the LER at increased operation currents is presented via low-mode instability growth rates. Different control strategies are compared and the effects of both the imperfections in the LLRF signal processing and the nonlinear drivers and klystrons are explored. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rivetta, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 022801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.022801 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900006 ER PT J AU Sinclair, CK Adderley, PA Dunham, BM Hansknecht, JC Hartmann, P Poelker, M Price, JS Rutt, PM Schneider, WJ Steigerwald, M AF Sinclair, C. K. Adderley, P. A. Dunham, B. M. Hansknecht, J. C. Hartmann, P. Poelker, M. Price, J. S. Rutt, P. M. Schneider, W. J. Steigerwald, M. TI Development of a high average current polarized electron source with long cathode operational lifetime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; GAAS; SURFACE; VACUUM; LASER; PHOTOCATHODES; PHOTOEMISSION; DEUTERIUM; CEBAF AB Substantially more than half of the electromagnetic nuclear physics experiments conducted at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility ( Jefferson Laboratory) require highly polarized electron beams, often at high average current. Spin-polarized electrons are produced by photoemission from various GaAs-based semiconductor photocathodes, using circularly polarized laser light with photon energy slightly larger than the semiconductor band gap. The photocathodes are prepared by activation of the clean semiconductor surface to negative electron affinity using cesium and oxidation. Historically, in many laboratories worldwide, these photocathodes have had short operational lifetimes at high average current, and have often deteriorated fairly quickly in ultrahigh vacuum even without electron beam delivery. At Jefferson Lab, we have developed a polarized electron source in which the photocathodes degrade exceptionally slowly without electron emission, and in which ion back bombardment is the predominant mechanism limiting the operational lifetime of the cathodes during electron emission. We have reproducibly obtained cathode 1/e dark lifetimes over two years, and 1/e charge density and charge lifetimes during electron beam delivery of over 2 x 10(5) C/cm(2) and 200 C, respectively. This source is able to support uninterrupted high average current polarized beam delivery to three experimental halls simultaneously for many months at a time. Many of the techniques we report here are directly applicable to the development of GaAs photoemission electron guns to deliver high average current, high brightness unpolarized beams. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Sinclair, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cks26@cornell.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 63 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 023501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.023501 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900008 ER PT J AU Tsoupas, N Ahrens, L Bellavia, S Bonati, R Brown, KA Chiang, IH Gardner, CJ Gassner, D Jao, S Mackay, WW Marneris, I Meng, W Phillips, D Pile, P Prigl, R Rusek, A Snydstrup, L Zeno, K AF Tsoupas, N. Ahrens, L. Bellavia, S. Bonati, R. Brown, K. A. Chiang, I-Hung Gardner, C. J. Gassner, D. Jao, S. Mackay, W. W. Marneris, I. Meng, W. Phillips, D. Pile, P. Prigl, R. Rusek, A. Snydstrup, L. Zeno, K. TI Uniform beam distributions at the target of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory's beam line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Errors in delivering a uniformly distributed radiation dose to biological and material samples exposed to charged particle beams are a significant problem for experimenters. In this paper, we discuss data collected on the uniform beam distributions produced for NASA's Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), using a method that was conceived theoretically and tested experimentally at BNL. This method [N. Tsoupas et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng. 126, 71 ( 1997)] of generating uniform beam distributions on a plane normal to the beam's direction relies only on magnetically focusing the transported beam; no collimation of the beam is required or any other type of interaction of the beam with materials other than the target material. The method compares favorably with alternative methods of producing such distributions, and it can be applied to the entire energy spectrum of charged particle beams that are delivered to the NSRL's experiments by the Booster for the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at BNL. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tsoupas, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 024701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.024701 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900011 ER PT J AU Wolski, A Sessler, AM AF Wolski, Andrzej Sessler, Andrew M. TI Linear and nonlinear decoupling using time-dependent transformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Linear coupling in a storage ring is conveniently analyzed in terms of transformations that put the single-turn map into block-diagonal form. Such a transformation allows us to define new variables, in which the dynamics are uncoupled. In this paper it is shown how a similar approach may be taken to nonlinear coupling, but that to decouple the map completely one needs to use a time-dependent canonical transformation. In Sec. III, we present a numerical example, based upon the analysis presented in previous sections, of a nonlinear transformation. In part for pedagogical reasons, and in part to make our use of notation clear, in Appendix A we reproduce the theory, along with a numerical example, of the well-known result for a linear transformation. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Cockcroft Inst, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wolski, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM a.wolski@dl.ac.uk OI Wolski, Andrzej/0000-0002-5057-5588 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 AR 024002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.024002 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 142QX UT WOS:000244665900010 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Kerr, RM AF Holm, D. D. Kerr, R. M. TI Helicity in the formation of turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INCOMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL TURBULENCE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; VORTEX RECONNECTION; SHELL MODELS; DYNAMICS; FLOWS; VELOCITY; SPECTRA; SCALAR AB Helicity in vortex structures and spectra is studied in the developmental stages of a numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations using three-dimensional visualizations and spectra. First, time scales are set using the growth and decay of energy dissipation, the peak value of vorticity, and the helicity. Then, two stages between the early time, nearly inviscid Euler dynamics with vortex sheets and a final state of fully developed turbulence with vortex tubes, are described. In the first stage, helicity fluctuations develop in Fourier space during a period still dominated by vortex sheets and rapidly growing peak vorticity. At the end of this period the strongest structure consists of transverse vortex sheets with mixed signs of helicity. During the second stage, a dissipative interaction propagates along one of these vortices as the sheets roll each other into vortex tubes. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 AR 025101 DI 10.1063/1.2375077 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 140UC UT WOS:000244531200014 ER PT J AU Latini, M Schilling, O Don, WS AF Latini, Marco Schilling, Oleg Don, Wai Sun TI High-resolution simulations and modeling of reshocked single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability: Comparison to experimental data and to amplitude growth model predictions SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMPONENT FLOW CALCULATIONS; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LATE-INTERMEDIATE TIME; HIGH-ORDER-ACCURATE; THIN FLUID LAYER; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; ACCELERATED INTERFACE; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; SHOCK-WAVE AB The reshocked single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is simulated in two spatial dimensions using the fifth- and ninth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory shock-capturing method with uniform spatial resolution of 256 points per initial perturbation wavelength. The initial conditions and computational domain are modeled after the single-mode, Mach 1.21 air(acetone)/SF6 shock tube experiment of Collins and Jacobs [J. Fluid Mech. 464, 113 (2002)]. The simulation densities are shown to be in very good agreement with the corrected experimental planar laser-induced fluorescence images at selected times before reshock of the evolving interface. Analytical, semianalytical, and phenomenological linear and nonlinear, impulsive, perturbation, and potential flow models for single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov unstable perturbation growth are summarized. The simulation amplitudes are shown to be in very good agreement with the experimental data and with the predictions of linear amplitude growth models for small times, and with those of nonlinear amplitude growth models at later times up to the time at which the driver-based expansion in the experiment (but not present in the simulations or models) expands the layer before reshock. The qualitative and quantitative differences between the fifth- and ninth-order simulation results are discussed. Using a local and global quantitative metric, the prediction of the Zhang and Sohn [Phys. Fluids 9, 1106 (1997)] nonlinear Pade model is shown to be in best overall agreement with the simulation amplitudes before reshock. The sensitivity of the amplitude growth model predictions to the initial growth rate from linear instability theory, the post-shock Atwood number and amplitude, and the velocity jump due to the passage of the shock through the interface is also investigated numerically. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Schilling, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mlatini@acm.caltech.edu; schilling1@llnl.gov; wsdon@cfm.brown.edu RI Don, Wai Sun/B-7194-2009; HKBU, Mathematics/B-5086-2009; OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 NR 70 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 AR 024104 DI 10.1063/1.2472508 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 140UC UT WOS:000244531200012 ER PT J AU Akli, KU Key, MH Chung, HK Hansen, SB Freeman, RR Chen, MH Gregori, G Hatchett, S Hey, D Izumi, N King, J Kuba, J Norreys, P Mackinnon, AJ Murphy, CD Snavely, R Stephens, RB Stoeckel, C Theobald, W Zhang, B AF Akli, K. U. Key, M. H. Chung, H. K. Hansen, S. B. Freeman, R. R. Chen, M. H. Gregori, G. Hatchett, S. Hey, D. Izumi, N. King, J. Kuba, J. Norreys, P. Mackinnon, A. J. Murphy, C. D. Snavely, R. Stephens, R. B. Stoeckel, C. Theobald, W. Zhang, B. TI Temperature sensitivity of Cu K-alpha imaging efficiency using a spherical Bragg reflecting crystal SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER TARGET; ELECTRONS; PLASMAS AB The interaction of a 75 J 10 ps, high intensity laser beam with low-mass, solid Cu targets is investigated. Two instruments were fielded as diagnostics of Cu K-shell emission from the targets: a single photon counting spectrometer provided the absolute K-alpha yield [C. Stoeckl , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3705 (2004)] and a spherically bent Bragg crystal recorded 2D monochromatic images with a spatial resolution of 10 mu m [J. A. Koch , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 2130 (2003)]. Due to the shifting and broadening of the K-alpha spectral lines with increasing temperature, there is a temperature dependence of the crystal collection efficiency. This affects measurements of the spatial pattern of electron transport, and it provides a temperature diagnostic when cross calibrated against the single photon counting spectrometer. The experimental data showing changing collection efficiency are presented. The results are discussed in light of modeling of the temperature-dependent spectrum of Cu K-shell emission. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Akli, KU (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 33 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 023102 DI 10.1063/1.2431632 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300035 ER PT J AU Catto, PJ Simakov, AN AF Catto, Peter J. Simakov, Andrei N. TI Magnetic topology effects on Alcator C-Mod flows (vol 13, art num 052507, 2006) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Catto, PJ (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 029901 DI 10.1063/1.2435305 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300053 ER PT J AU Choueiri, EY Randolph, TM AF Choueiri, Edgar Y. Randolph, Thomas M. TI Ionization front in a high-current gas discharge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MPD THRUSTERS; MAGNETOPLASMADYNAMIC THRUSTER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA; ACCELERATION; ARGON; MODEL AB Spectroscopic measurements of ion/neutral density ratio profiles are made inside the high-current, low-pressure discharge of a coaxial magnetoplasmadynamic thruster and show the existence of a thin ionization front, upstream in the discharge, that effectively ionizes the incoming gas to ionization levels above 50%. The measurements allow an estimate of the width of this ionization front to be on the order of a few millimeters. Due to the known existence of microturbulence in the plasma, which can produce suprathermal electrons, an explanation of the measurements based on the existence of a suprathermal tail in the electron energy distribution function is sought. A theoretical model for the width of the ionization front is combined with a multilevel excitation model for argon and shows that a Maxwellian electron distribution function cannot account for the small length scale of the ionization front, and that the latter is more consistent with an electron distribution function having a suprathermal population, the magnitude of which is estimated by comparing the model to the experiments. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Choueiri, EY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 023506 DI 10.1063/1.2646365 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300044 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Chong, YK Davis, J Chittenden, J Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Nelson, AJ Franklin, J LePell, PD Apruzese, JP Levine, J Banister, J Qi, N AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. Velikovich, A. L. Clark, R. W. Chong, Y. K. Davis, J. Chittenden, J. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. LePell, P. D. Apruzese, J. P. Levine, J. Banister, J. Qi, N. TI Neutron production and implosion characteristics of a deuterium gas-puff Z pinch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-VELOCITY; WIRE; ACCELERATOR; RADIATION; TITANIUM; FUSION; DRIVE; ARGON; POWER AB Experiments on the Z accelerator with deuterium gas puff implosions have produced up to 3.9x10(13) (+/- 20%) neutrons at 2.34 MeV (+/- 0.10 MeV). Experimentally, the mechanism for generating these neutrons has not been definitively identified through isotropy measurements, but activation diagnostics suggest multiple mechanisms may be responsible. One-, two-, and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations have indicated that thermonuclear outputs from Z could be expected to be in the (0.3-1.0)x10(14) range. X-ray diagnostics of plasma conditions, fielded to look at dopant materials in the deuterium, have shown that the stagnated deuterium plasma achieved electron temperatures of 2.2 keV and ion densities of 2x10(20) cm(-3), in agreement with the MHD calculations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. L3 Commun, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 35 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022706 DI 10.1063/1.2446177 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300031 ER PT J AU Furno, I Intrator, TP Lapenta, G Dorf, L Abbate, S Ryutov, DD AF Furno, I. Intrator, T. P. Lapenta, G. Dorf, L. Abbate, S. Ryutov, D. D. TI Effects of boundary conditions and flow on the kink instability in a cylindrical plasma column SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; SOLAR CORONA; FIELD; JETS AB An experimental investigation of the kink instability is presented in a linear plasma column where one end is line-tied to the plasma source, and the other end is not line-tied and therefore free to slide over the surface of the end-plate. This latter boundary condition is a result of plasma sheath resistance that insulates, at least partially, the plasma from the end-plate. The helical m=1 kink mode is observed to grow when the plasma current exceeds a threshold and, close to the criticality, is characterized by an axial mode structure with maximum displacement at the free axial boundary. Azimuthal rotation of the mode is observed such that the helically kinked column always screws into the free axial boundary. The kink mode structure, rotation frequency and instability threshold are accurately reproduced by a recent kink theory [D. D. Ryutov , Phys. Plasmas 13, 032105 (2006)], which includes axial plasma flow and one end of the plasma column that is free to move due to a perfect non line-tying boundary condition which is experimentally verified. A brief review of the kink theory and its predictions for the boundary conditions relevant in the present experiments are presented.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Furno, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022103 DI 10.1063/1.2435306 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300006 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, D. D. TI A model of plasma rotation in the Livermore spheromak for the regimes of large connection lengths SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CONFINEMENT; SUSTAINMENT; TRANSPORT AB A model is suggested that predicts the velocity and geometrical characteristics of the plasma rotation in the Livermore spheromak. The model addresses the "good confinement" regimes in this device, where the typical length of the magnetic field lines before their intersection with the wall (this length is called "connection length" below) becomes large enough to make the parallel heat loss insignificant. In such regimes, the heat flux is determined by the transport across toroidally averaged flux surfaces. The model is based on the assumption that, entering the good confinement regime, does not automatically mean that the connection length becomes infinite, and perfect flux surfaces are established. It is hypothesized that connection length remains finite, albeit large in regard to the parallel heat loss. The field lines are threading the whole plasma volume, although it takes a long distance for them to get from one toroidally averaged flux surface to another. The parallel electron momentum balance then uniquely determines the distribution of the electrostatic potential between these surfaces. An analysis of viscous stresses shows that the toroidal flow is much faster than the poloidal flow. It is shown that the rotation shear is usually exceeded by a factor of a few of the characteristic growth rates of drift waves, meaning that suppression of the transport caused by the drift turbulence may occur, and a transport barrier with respect to this transport mechanism may be formed. The model may be useful for assessing the plasma rotation in other spheromaks and, possibly, reversed-field pinches and field-reversed configurations, provided a certain set of applicability conditions (Sec. II) is fulfilled.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022506 DI 10.1063/1.2435705 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300024 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Sabbagh, SA Peng, M AF Shaing, K. C. Sabbagh, S. A. Peng, M. TI Neoclassical toroidal viscosity for an axisymmetric toroidal equilibrium with multiple trapping of particles SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MOMENTUM DISSIPATION; PLASMA VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS AB A method is illustrated on how to apply existing formulas to the neoclassical toroidal plasma viscosity for an axisymmetric toroidal equilibrium with an arbitrary aspect ratio that has multiple trapping states. The effect of the energy scattering on the viscosity in the nu regime is presented using an approximate collision operator. Here, nu is the collision frequency. The explicit expressions for the steady state toroidal flow speed resulting from the neoclassical toroidal flow damping in both the 1/nu and the nu regime are also presented. The physics origin of the toroidal viscous force is the broken toroidal symmetry induced by the error fields and the amplification of these fields by stable or unstable resistive wall modes, or other asymmetric magnetic field perturbations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1063/1.2437119 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300045 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Davis, J Chong, YK Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Nelson, AJ Franklin, J Rudakov, LI AF Velikovich, A. L. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Chong, Y. K. Deeney, C. Coverdale, C. A. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. Rudakov, L. I. TI Z-pinch plasma neutron sources SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LINEAR DEUTERIUM PINCHES; K-SHELL RADIATION; X-RAY-EMISSION; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; TRANSPORT; DENSITY; TARGETS; MODEL AB A deuterium gas-puff load imploded by a multi-MA current driver from a large initial diameter could be a powerful source of fusion neutrons, a plasma neutron source (PNS). Unlike the beam-target neutrons produced in Z-pinch plasmas in the 1950s and deuterium-fiber experiments in the 1980s, the neutrons generated in deuterium gas-puffs with current levels achieved in recent experiments on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories could contain a substantial fraction of thermonuclear origin. For recent deuterium gas-puff shots on Z, our analytic estimates and one- and two-dimensional simulations predict thermal neutron yields similar to 3x10(13), in fair agreement with the yields recently measured on Z [C. A. Coverdale , Phys. Plasmas (to be published)]. It is demonstrated that the hypothesis of a beam-target origin of the observed fusion neutrons implies a very high Z-pinch-driver-to-fast-ions energy transfer efficiency, 5 to 10%, which would make a multi-MA deuterium Z-pinch the most efficient light-ion accelerator. No matter what mechanism is eventually determined to be responsible for generating fusion neutrons in deuterium gas-puff shots on Z, the deuterium neutron yield is shown to scale as Y-n similar to I-m(4), where I-m is the peak current of the pinch. Theoretical estimates and numerical modeling of deuterium gas-puff implosions demonstrate that the yields of thermonuclear fusion neutrons that can be produced on ZR and the next-generation machines are sufficiently high to make PNS the most powerful, cost- and energy-efficient laboratory sources of 2.5-14 MeV fusion neutrons, just like plasma radiation sources are the most powerful sources of soft and keV x rays. In particular, the predicted deuterium-tritium thermal neutron-producing capability of PNS driven by the next-generation ZR and ZX accelerators is similar to 5x10(16) and similar to 10(18), respectively. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 71 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1063/1.2435322 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300026 ER PT J AU Yu, EP Oliver, BV Sinars, DB Mehlhorn, TA Cuneo, ME Sasorov, PV Haines, MG Lebedev, SV AF Yu, Edmund P. Oliver, B. V. Sinars, D. B. Mehlhorn, T. A. Cuneo, M. E. Sasorov, P. V. Haines, M. G. Lebedev, S. V. TI Steady-state radiation ablation in the wire-array Z pinch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FUSION CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS; X-RAY POWER; DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA; FLOW; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; CORONA AB The mass ablation phase of a wire-array Z pinch is investigated using steady-state (r,theta) simulations. By identifying the dominant physical mechanisms governing the ablation process, a simple scaling relation is derived for the mass ablation rate m with drive current I, in the case where radiation is the primary energy transport mechanism to the wire core. In order to investigate the dependence of m on wire core size, a simplified analytical model is developed involving a wire core placed in a heat bath and ablating due to radiation. Results of the model, simulation, and experiment are compared. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Yu, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM epyu@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 AR 022705 DI 10.1063/1.2435332 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 140UD UT WOS:000244531300030 ER PT J AU Sashin, IL Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R AF Sashin, I. L. Goremychkin, E. A. Osborn, R. TI Crystal Field in the CeAl(3) Heavy-Fermion Compound SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article AB An analysis of inelastic neutron scattering in the CeAl(3) heavy fermion compound is presented. Using single-crystal magnetic-susceptibility and inelastic neutron scattering data, an unambiguous solution for the set of parameters of the electric crystal field Hamiltonian is obtained: B(2)(0) = (5.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2) meV and B(4)(0) = (2.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(-2) meV. The energy level scheme for the ground-state multiplet of the Ce(3+) ion in CeAl(3) consists of the ground level Gamma(9)vertical bar +/- 3/2 > and two doublets Gamma(8)vertical bar +/- 5/2 > and Gamma(7)vertical bar +/- 1/2 > having close energies of similar to 6.3 meV at a temperature of 20 K. As follows from comparing the crystal-field parameters in the RAl(3) series (R = Ce, Pr, Nd), the fact that the parameters A(2)(0) < r(2)> and A(4)(0) < r(4)> in CeAl (3) differ significantly in value from the respective parameters in PrAl(3) and NdAl(3) cannot be explained in terms of the lattice constants of these isostructural compounds being different but rather is due to the enhanced hybridization of the localized 4f electrons of cerium with conduction electrons. C1 [Sashin, I. L.; Goremychkin, E. A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Goremychkin, E. A.; Osborn, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sashin, IL (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM sashin@nf.jinr.ru RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 FU US Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1134/S1063783407020230 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V10KU UT WOS:000207463700013 ER PT J AU Matsuyama, A Sato, T Lee, TSH AF Matsuyama, A. Sato, T. Lee, T. -S. H. TI Dynamical coupled-channel model of meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID PI-N SCATTERING; BETHE-SALPETER EQUATION; CLOUDY BAG MODEL; CORRELATED 2-PION EXCHANGE; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; ISOBAR-MODEL; SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; 3-BODY UNITARITY; ENERGY REGION; PHOTOPRODUCTION AB A dynamical coupled-channel model is presented for investigating the nucleon resonances (N*) in the meson production reactions induced by pions and photons. Our objective is to extract the N* parameters and to investigate the meson production reaction mechanisms for mapping out the quark-gluon substructure of N* from the data. The model is based on an energy-independent Hamiltonian which is derived from a set of Lagrangians by using a unitary transformation method. The constructed model Hamiltonian consists of (a) Gamma(V) for describing the vertex interactions N* <-> MB, pi pi N with MB = gamma N, pi N, eta N, pi Delta, rho N, sigma N, and rho <-> pi pi and sigma <-> pi pi, (b) v(22) for the non-resonant MB -> M'B' and pi pi -> pi pi interactions, (c) v(MB,pi pi N) for the non-resonant MB -> pi pi N transitions, and (d) v(pi pi N,pi pi N) for the non-resonant pi pi N -> pi pi N interactions. By applying the projection operator techniques, we derive a set of coupled-channel equations which satisfy the unitarity conditions within the channel space spanned by the considered two-particle MB states and the three-particle pi pi N state. The resulting amplitudes are written as a sum of non-resonant and resonant amplitudes such that the meson cloud effects on the N* decay can be explicitly calculated for interpreting the extracted N* parameters in terms of hadron structure calculations. We present and explain in detail a numerical method based on a spline-function expansion for solving the resulting coupled-channel equations which contain logarithmically divergentone-particleexchange driving terms Z(MB,M'B')((E)) resulted from the pi pi N unitarity cut. This method is convenient, and perhaps more. practical and accurate than the commonly employed methods of contour rotation/deformation, for calculating the two-pion production observables. For completeness in explaining our numerical procedures, we also present explicitly the formula for efficient calculations of a very large number of partial-wave matrix elements which are the input to the coupled-channel equations. Results for two pion photo-production are presented to illustrate the dynamical consequence of the one-particle-exchange driving term Z(MB,M'B')((E)), of the coupled-channel equations. We show that this mechanism, which contains the effects due to pi pi N unitarity cut, can generate rapidly varying structure in the reaction amplitudes associated with the unstable particle channels pi Delta, rho N, and sigma N, in agreement with the analysis ofAaron and Amado [Phys. Rev. D13 (1976) 258 1]. It also has large effects in determining the two-pion production cross sections. Our results indicate that cautions must be taken to interpret the N* parameters extracted from using models which do not include pi pi N cut effects. Strategies for performing a complete dynamical coupled-channel analysis of all of available data of meson photo-production and electro-production are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Newport News, VA 22901 USA. Shizuoka Univ, Dept Phys, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Newport News, VA 22901 USA. EM lee@phy.anl.gov NR 97 TC 151 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 439 IS 5-6 BP 193 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2006.12.003 PG 61 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 152SV UT WOS:000245383000001 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical point physics legends II SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 136AN UT WOS:000244195100017 ER PT J AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Zhivun, VM Kudryashov, V Lipatov, KA Ignatyuk, AV Mashnik, SG AF Titarenko, Yu E. Batyaev, V. F. Zhivun, V. M. Kudryashov, V. Lipatov, K. A. Ignatyuk, A. V. Mashnik, S. G. TI Excitation functions of residual nuclei production from 40-2600 MeV proton-irradiated Pb-206,Pb-207,Pb-208,Pb-nat and Bi-209 SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics of Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical Systems fo Energy and Transmutation CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur, INDIA HO Univ Rajasthan DE nuclear reaction; spallation; fission; fragmentation; yields; residual nuclides; cross-sections; simulation; Monte-Carlo codes; comparison ID RADIONUCLIDES; ENERGIES AB The work is aimed at experimental determination of the independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual nuclei produced in intermediate-energy proton-irradiated thin targets made of highly isotopic enriched and natural lead ((206,207,208,nat) Pb) and Bi-209. 5972 radioactive product nuclide yields have been measured in 55 thin targets induced by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 2.6 GeV protons extracted from the ITEP U-10 proton synchrotron. The measured data have been compared with data obtained at other laboratories as well as with theoretical simulations by seven codes. We found that the predictive power of the tested codes is different but is satisfactory for most of the nuclides in the spallation region, though none of the codes agree well with the data in the whole mass region of product nuclides and all should be improved further. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. EM Yuri.Titarenko@itep.ru NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s12043-007-0033-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 140KX UT WOS:000244505100016 ER PT J AU Olfert, JS Checkel, MD AF Olfert, J. S. Checkel, M. D. TI An ultrasonic sound speed sensor for measuring exhaust gas recirculation levels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE exhaust gas recirculation; exhaust gas recirculation measurement; speed of sound AB Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been used for years to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. This paper shows that acoustic methods can be used to measure EGR. Theory is presented which shows that measurements of the speed of sound can be used to measure the amount of EGR in the intake manifold. In particular, a new method called the discrete acoustic wave and phase detection (DAWPD) method can be used to measure EGR levels with a fast-response time. Experimental results show that a DAWPD sensor can be used to measure EGR levels with adequate accuracy (+/-1.3 per cent EGR) at steady state. Transient measurements were not possible owing to engine limitations. The sensor's performance was limited by the ultrasonic transducers used. It is postulated that sensor performance could be improved with smaller and temperature-independent non-resonant transducers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Olfert, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jolfert@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 EI 2041-2991 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 221 IS D2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1243/09544070JAUTO194 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 147FK UT WOS:000244988600005 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Mason, DR Sutton, AP AF Rudd, Robert E. Mason, D. R. Sutton, A. P. TI Lanczos and recursion techniques for multiscale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-COPPER ALLOYS; GUINIER-PRESTON ZONES; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; AL-CU ALLOYS; ATOM-PROBE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC STRAIN; BOND-ORDER; PRECIPITATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB We review an approach to the simulation of the class of microstructural and morphological evolution involving both relatively short-ranged chemical and interfacial interactions and long-ranged elastic interactions. The calculation of the anharmonic elastic energy is facilitated with Lanczos recursion. The elastic energy changes affect the rate of vacancy hopping, and hence the rate of microstructural evolution due to vacancy-mediated diffusion. The elastically informed hopping rates are used to construct the event catalog for kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation is accelerated using a second-order residence time algorithm. The effect of elasticity on the microstructural development has been assessed. This article is related to a talk given in honor of David Pettifor at the DGP60 Workshop in Oxford. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. LLNL Summer Inst Computat Mat Sci & Chem, Livermore, CA USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-045, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robert.rudd@llnl.gov; d.mason@imperial.ac.uk; a.sutton@imperial.ac.uk RI Mason, Daniel/B-5236-2011 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.10.005 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 134XS UT WOS:000244118400008 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Fu, CL Chisholm, MF Thompson, JR Krcmar, M Wang, XL AF Liu, C. T. Fu, C. L. Chisholm, M. F. Thompson, J. R. Krcmar, Maja Wang, X. -L. TI Magnetism and solid solution effects in NiAl (40% Al) alloys SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; WHITE-LINE RATIOS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FORMATION ENERGIES; ATOMIC DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; FE; ADDITIONS; CR; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The solid solution effects of ternary additions of transition elements in intermetallic Ni-40% Al were investigated by both experimental studies and theoretical calculations. Co solute atoms when sitting at Ni sublattice sites do not affect the lattice parameter and hardening behavior of Ni-40Al. On the other hand, Fe, Mn, and Cr solutes, which are mainly on Al sublattice sites, substantially expand the lattice parameter and produce an unusual solid solution softening effect. First-principles calculations predict that these solute atoms with large unfilled d-band electrons develop large magnetic moments and effectively expand the lattice parameter when occupying Al sublattice sites. The theoretical predictions were verified by both electron loss-energy spectroscopy (EELS) analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The observed softening behavior can be explained quantitatively by the replacement of Ni anti-site defects (potent hardeners) by Fe, Mn, and Cr anti-site defects with smaller atom size mismatch between solute and Al atoms. This study has led to the identification of magnetic interaction as an important physical parameter affecting the solid solution hardening in intermetallic alloys containing transition elements. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM liuct@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 352 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.10.014 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 134XS UT WOS:000244118400010 ER PT J AU Stocks, GM Eisenbach, M Ujfalussy, B Lazarovits, B Szunyogh, L Weinberger, P AF Stocks, G. Malcolm Eisenbach, M. Ujfalussy, B. Lazarovits, B. Szunyogh, L. Weinberger, P. TI On calculating the magnetic state of nanostructures SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; PRINCIPLES SPIN DYNAMICS; NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETISM; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EQUATION; ANISOTROPY; SURFACE; METALS; CHAINS AB We review some of our recent work on first principles calculations of the magnetic structure of surface and bulk nanostructures. The calculations are based on implementation of relativistic density functional theory within state of the art surface embedding and order-N multiple scattering Green's function methods. First principles spin-dynamics and the constrained local moment approximation are reviewed as they relate to optimization of moment configurations in highly inhomogeneous materials such as surface and bulk nanostructures. Results are present for three prototypical nanostructures - short Co-chains adjacent to a Pt{111}-surface step-edge, a Cr-trimer on the An {111}-surface, and Fe-chains and impurities in Cu - that illustrate the need to treat the underlying electronic interactions on a fully self-consistent basis in which the very different energy scales appropriate to exchange Coupling and magneto-crystalline anisotropy are treated on an equal footing. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Solid State Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Vienna Univ Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Theoret Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Ctr Appl Math & Computat Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Stocks, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008-6114, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stocksgm@ornl.gov; eisenbachm@ornl.gov; bu@szfki.hu; bl@szfki.hu; szunyogh@phy.bme.hu; pw@crus.tuwien.ac.at RI Szunyogh, Laszlo/A-7956-2010; Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Eisenbach, Markus/0000-0001-8805-8327 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 371 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.10.015 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 134XS UT WOS:000244118400011 ER PT J AU Dai, MH Fisher, HE Temirov, J Kiss, C Phipps, ME Pavlik, P Werner, JH Bradbury, ARM AF Dai, Mingha Fisher, Hugh E. Temirov, Jamshid Kiss, Csaba Phipps, Mary E. Pavlik, Peter Werner, James H. Bradbury, Andrew R. M. TI The creation of a novel fluorescent protein by guided consensus engineering SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE fluorescent proteins; consensus engineering; Azami green; protein stability ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; INTRABODY CONSTRUCTION; GROEL MINICHAPERONES; STABILITY; DOMAIN; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; THERMOSTABILITY; DESIGN; CORAL AB Consensus engineering has been used to increase the stability of a number of different proteins, either by creating consensus proteins from scratch or by modifying existing proteins so that their sequences more closely match a consensus sequence. In this paper we describe the first application of consensus engineering to the ab initio creation of a novel fluorescent protein. This was based on the alignment of 31 fluorescent proteins with > 62% homology to monomeric Azami green (mAG) protein, and used the sequence of mAG to guide amino acid selection at positions of ambiguity. This consensus green protein is extremely well expressed, monomeric and fluorescent with red shifted absorption and emission characteristics compared to mAG. Although slightly less stable than mAG, it is better expressed and brighter under the excitation conditions typically used in single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy or confocal microscopy. This study illustrates the power of consensus engineering to create stable proteins using the subtle information embedded in the alignment of similar proteins and shows that the benefits of this approach may extend beyond stability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov OI Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1093/protein/gzl056 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 145BN UT WOS:000244840400003 PM 17277006 ER PT J AU Ramelot, TA Yee, A Cort, JR Semesi, A Arrowsmith, CH Kennedy, MA AF Ramelot, Theresa A. Yee, Adelinda Cort, John R. Semesi, Anthony Arrowsmith, Cheryl H. Kennedy, Michael A. TI NMR structure and binding studies confirm that PA4608 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a PilZ domain and a c-di-GMP binding protein SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE NMR; PilZ; PA4608; c-di-GMP; second messenger; northeast structural genomics consortium; structural genomics; quorum sensing; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; biofilm formation ID PHYLOGENETIC INFORMATION; FUNCTIONAL REGIONS; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE; SYSTEM; RELAXATION; VALIDATION; ALIGNMENT; MOTILITY; CONSURF AB PA4608 is a 125 residue protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a recent identification as a PilZ domain and putative bis-(3'-5')cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) adaptor protein that plays a role in bacterial second-messenger regulated processes. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of PA4608 has been determined and c-di-GMP binding has been confirmed by NMR titration studies. The monomeric core structure of PA4608 contains a six-stranded anti-parallel beta barrel flanked by three helices. Conserved surface residues among PA4608 homologs suggest the c-di-GMP binding site is at one end of the barrel and includes residues in the helices as well as in the unstructured N-terminus. Chemical shift changes in PA4608 resonances upon titration with c-di-GMP confirm binding. This evidence supports the hypothesis that proteins containing PiIZ domains are the long-sought c-di-GMP adaptor proteins. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Ontario Canc Inst, Div Canc Genom & Proteom, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM michael.kennedy@muohio.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50-GM62413] NR 32 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1002/prot.21199 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 124HD UT WOS:000243358000002 PM 17096419 ER PT J AU Bug, ALR Cronin, TW Sterne, PA Wolfson, ZS AF Bug, Amy L. R. Cronin, Timothy W. Sterne, P. A. Wolfson, Zachary S. TI Simulation of positronium: Toward more realistic models of void spaces in materials SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (PPC-8) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Coimbra, PORTUGAL DE positron; positronium; void; simulation ID THIN-FILMS; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; MONTE-CARLO; PORE-SIZE; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUIDS AB An exact treatment of a positron and electron in a two-chain, Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulation is used to calculate both self-annihilation and pick-off rates of Ps at finite temperature. We find the effect of the linear dielectric response of a homogeneous material on the annihilation rate of positrons and Ps in spherical voids. In addition, we find lifetimes and structural information for Ps in cylindrical channels, both with and without adsorbed fluid atoms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bug, ALR (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM abug1@swarthmore.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.03.043 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 118CI UT WOS:000242919200037 ER PT J AU Bettencourt, LMA Lobo, J Strumsky, D AF Bettencourt, Luis M. A. Lobo, Jose Strumsky, Deborah TI Invention in the city: Increasing returns to patenting as a scaling function of metropolitan size SO RESEARCH POLICY LA English DT Article DE patenting; urban scale; agglomeration; network effects; scaling ID TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION; KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS; UNITED-STATES; INNOVATION; NETWORKS; GROWTH; BIOTECHNOLOGY; EMBEDDEDNESS; EXPLORATION AB We investigate the relationship between patenting activity and the population size of metropolitan areas in the United States over the last two decades (1980-2001). We find a clear superlinear effect, whereby new patents are granted disproportionately in larger urban centers, thus showing increasing returns in inventing activity with respect to population size. We characterize this relation quantitatively as a power law with an exponent larger than unity. This phenomenon is commensurate with the presence of larger numbers of inventors in larger metropolitan areas, which we find follows a quantitatively similar superlinear relationship to population, while the productivity of individual inventors stays essentially constant across metropolitan areas. We also find that structural measures of the patent co-authorship network although weakly correlated to increasing rates of patenting, are not enough to explain them. Finally, we show that R&D establishments and employment in other creative professions also follow superlinear scaling relations to metropolitan population size, albeit possibly with different exponents. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Business Sch, Boston, MA 02163 USA. Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Comp & Compuatat Sci 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Strumsky, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Business Sch, E1-2A Gallatin Hall,Soldiers Field Rd, Boston, MA 02163 USA. EM lmbett@lanl.gov; jose.lobo@asu.edu; dstrumsky@hbs.edu RI Strumsky, Deborah /F-5795-2013 NR 90 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-7333 EI 1873-7625 J9 RES POLICY JI Res. Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.026 PG 14 WC Management; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 140HJ UT WOS:000244495100007 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Hu, SM Bailey, K Davis, AM Dunford, RW Lu, ZT O'Connor, TP Young, L AF Ding, Y. Hu, S. -M. Bailey, K. Davis, A. M. Dunford, R. W. Lu, Z. -T. O'Connor, T. P. Young, L. TI Thermal beam of metastable krypton atoms produced by optical excitation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-ATOMS; DISCHARGE; TRAP AB A room-temperature beam of krypton atoms in the metastable 5s[3/2](2) level is demonstrated via an optical excitation method. A Kr-discharge lamp is used to produce vacuum ultraviolet photons at 124 nm for the first-step excitation from the ground level 4p(6) S-1(0) to the 5s[3/2](1) level. An 819 nm Ti:sapphire laser is used for the second-step excitation from 5s[3/2](1) to 5s[3/2](2) followed by a spontaneous decay to the 5s[3/2](2) metastable level. A metastable atomic beam with an angular flux density of 3x10(14) s(-1) sr(-1) is achieved at the total gas flow rate of 0.01 cm(3)/s at STP (or 3x10(17) at./s). The dependences of the flux on the gas flow rate, laser power, and lamp parameters are investigated.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ding, Y (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ding@anl.gov RI Hu, Shuiming/C-4287-2008; OI Hu, Shuiming/0000-0002-1565-8468; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 AR 023103 DI 10.1063/1.2437193 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140UG UT WOS:000244531600004 PM 17578099 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, A Do, DH Evans, PG Adams, B Landahl, E Dufresne, EM AF Grigoriev, Alexei Do, Dal-Hyun Evans, Paul G. Adams, Bernhard Landahl, Eric Dufresne, Eric M. TI Synchronizing fast electrically driven phenomena with synchrotron x-ray probes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FAST MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; ADVANCED-PHOTON-SOURCE; PUMP AB Time scales of long-range physical processes in solids are typically in the range of picoseconds to nanoseconds. These times are commensurate with the time resolution of structural probes based on modern synchrotron x-ray sources. Several processes of technological and scientific interest can be driven by applied electric fields, but synchronizing electrically driven phenomena with an x-ray probe poses a technical challenge. We describe the synchronization of a well-defined number of fast electrical pulses with the time structure of synchrotron x rays to probe the dynamics of thin films and nanostructures. This synchronization technique yields x-ray transient signals with 600 ps transitions in ferroelectric thin films, with a contribution of approximately 320 ps due to timing jitter in the synchronization.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grigoriev, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alexey@cae.wisc.edu RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010; Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 AR 023105 DI 10.1063/1.2668989 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140UG UT WOS:000244531600006 PM 17578101 ER PT J AU Lynch, PA Stevenson, AW Liang, D Parry, D Wilkins, S Tamura, N AF Lynch, P. A. Stevenson, A. W. Liang, D. Parry, D. Wilkins, S. Tamura, N. TI A laboratory based system for Laue micro x-ray diffraction SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY OPTICS; GLASS-CAPILLARY; BEAM; WHITE; RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETER; MICRODIFFRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE; ORIENTATION AB A laboratory diffraction system capable of illuminating individual grains in a polycrystalline matrix is described. Using a microfocus x-ray source equipped with a tungsten anode and prefigured monocapillary optic, a micro-x-ray diffraction system with a 10 mu m beam was developed. The beam profile generated by the ellipsoidal capillary was determined using the "knife edge" approach. Measurement of the capillary performance, indicated a beam divergence of 14 mrad and a useable energy bandpass from 5.5 to 19 keV. Utilizing the polychromatic nature of the incident x-ray beam and application of the Laue indexing software package X-Ray Micro-Diffraction Analysis Software, the orientation and deviatoric strain of single grains in a polycrystalline material can be studied. To highlight the system potential the grain orientation and strain distribution of individual grains in a polycrystalline magnesium alloy (Mg 0.2 wt % Nd) was mapped before and after tensile loading. A basal (0002) orientation was identified in the as-rolled annealed alloy; after tensile loading some grains were observed to undergo an orientation change of 30 degrees with respect to (0002). The applied uniaxial load was measured as an increase in the deviatoric tensile strain parallel to the load axis.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lynch, PA (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Private Bag 33, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM Peter.Lynch@csiro.au NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 AR 023904 DI 10.1063/1.2437777 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140UG UT WOS:000244531600025 PM 17578120 ER PT J AU Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Urtiew, PA AF Tarver, C. M. Forbes, J. W. Urtiew, P. A. TI Nonequilibrium Zeldovich-Von Neumann-Doring theory and reactive flow modeling of detonation SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL ENERGY-RELEASE; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY; WAVES; EXPLOSIVES; RELAXATION; MOLECULES AB This paper discusses the Nonequilibrium Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (NEZND) theory of self-sustaining detonation waves and the Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation wave propagation in solid explosives. The NEZND theory identified the nonequilibrium excitation processes that precede and follow the exothermic decomposition of a large high explosive molecule into several small reaction product molecules. The thermal energy deposited by the leading shock wave must be distributed to the vibrational modes of the explosive molecule before chemical reactions can occur. The induction time for the onset of the initial endothermic reactions can be calculated using high pressure-high temperature transition state theory. Since the chemical energy is released well behind the leading shock front of a detonation wave, a physical mechanism is required for this chemical energy to reinforce the leading shock front and maintain its overall constant velocity. This mechanism is the amplification of pressure wavelets in the reaction zone by the process of de-excitation of the initially highly vibrationally excited reaction product molecules. This process leads to the development of the three-dimensional structure of detonation waves observed for all explosives. For practical predictions of shock initiation and detonation in hydrodynamic codes, phenomenological reactive flow models have been developed. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation in solid explosives has been very successful in describing the overall flow measured by embedded gauges and laser interferometry. This reactive flow model uses pressure and compression dependent reaction rates, because time-resolved experimental temperature data is not yet available. Since all chemical reaction rates are ultimately controlled by temperature, the next generation of reactive flow models will use temperature dependent reaction rates. Progress on a statistical hot spot ignition and growth reactive flow model with multistep Arrhenius chemical reaction pathways is discussed. C1 [Tarver, C. M.; Forbes, J. W.; Urtiew, P. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1990-7931 J9 RUSS J PHYS CHEM B+ JI Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1134/S1990793107010058 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 269UL UT WOS:000253675700005 ER PT J AU Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F Greenwood, DW Vandersall, KS AF Urtiew, P. A. Forbes, J. W. Tarver, C. M. Garcia, F. Greenwood, D. W. Vandersall, K. S. TI Thermal cook-off of an HMX based explosive: Pressure gauge experiments and modeling SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MANGANIN GAUGES; ENVIRONMENTS AB Safety issues related to thermal cook-off are important for handling and storing explosive devices. Violence of an event as a function of confinement is important for prediction of collateral events. There are major issues which require an understanding of the following events: (1) transit to detonation of a pressure wave from a cook-off event, (2) sensitivity of changes in HMX-based explosives with thermally induced phase transitions, and (3) the potential danger of neighboring explosive devices being affected by a cook-off reaction. Results of cook-off events of known size, confinement, and thermal history allow for development and/or calibration of computer models for calculating events that are difficult to measure experimentally. C1 [Urtiew, P. A.; Forbes, J. W.; Tarver, C. M.; Garcia, F.; Greenwood, D. W.; Vandersall, K. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1990-7931 J9 RUSS J PHYS CHEM B+ JI Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1134/S199079310701006X PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 269UL UT WOS:000253675700006 ER PT J AU Hedstrom, P Lienert, U Almer, J Oden, M AF Hedstrom, Peter Lienert, Ulrich Almer, Jon Oden, Magnus TI Stepwise transformation behavior of the strain-induced martensitic transformation in a metastable stainless steel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE stainless steels; strain-induced martensitic transformation; phase transformation kinetics; X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation ID DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; AUSTENITE; EVOLUTION; KINETICS AB In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction during tensile loading has been used to investigate the evolution of lattice strains and the accompanying strain-induced martensitic transformation in cold-rolled sheets of a metastable stainless steel. At high applied strains the transformation to alpha-martensite occurs in stepwise bursts. These stepwise transformation events are correlated with stepwise increased lattice strains and peak broadening in the austenite phase. The stepwise transformation arises from growth of alpha-martensite embryos by autocatalytic transformation. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lulea Univ Technol, Div Engn Mat, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hedstrom, P (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Engn Mat, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. EM peter.hedstrom@ltu.se RI Oden, Magnus/E-9662-2010; Hedstrom, Peter/F-8920-2010 OI Oden, Magnus/0000-0002-2286-5588; Hedstrom, Peter/0000-0003-1102-4342 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.009 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 115HX UT WOS:000242726500009 ER PT J AU Flanagan, TB Wang, D Shanahan, KL AF Flanagan, Ted B. Wang, D. Shanahan, K. L. TI The role of non-ideality in H permeation through membranes SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE diffusion; interstitial ID DIFFUSION; HYDROGEN; ALLOYS AB Non-ideality may be important for H diffusion through metallic membranes at large concentrations. This is easily allowed for if the H concentration in the membrane is nearly constant, but if there is a large gradient, the degree of non-ideality will vary across the membrane. A procedure is given in this paper for the conversion of the measured concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients to the concentration-independent one when there is a significant gradient. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Flanagan, TB (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM ted.flanagan@uvm.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.029 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120ZB UT WOS:000243124400003 ER PT J AU Motin, MAA Munroe, PR Brady, MP Young, DJ AF Motin, M. A. A. Munroe, P. R. Brady, M. P. Young, D. J. TI Metal dusting of ferritic Fe-Ge in the absence of cementite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron alloy; carbides; corrosion; carbon nanotube; electron diffraction ID NI-CR ALLOYS; BASE ALLOYS; MECHANISM AB Iron and Fe-10 wt.% Ge alloy were exposed at 680 degrees C to reducing, carbon-supersaturated CO-H-2-H2O gas (a(c) = 2.9). Iron grew into a cementite scale which disintegrated into nanoparticles as graphite deposited from the gas and grew into the Fe3C. The Fe-Ge alloy formed no Fe3C, and carbon deposited directly on the metal surface. As the graphite grew into the metal, ferrite nanoparticles were dislodged from the surface into the carbon. Metal consumption and carbon nanotube growth were more rapid in the latter case. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Young, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.young@unsw.edu.au RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Young, David/G-5515-2011; Munroe, Paul/I-9313-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Munroe, Paul/0000-0002-5091-2513 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.024 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120ZB UT WOS:000243124400008 ER PT J AU Visel, A Bristow, J Pennacchio, LA AF Visel, Axel Bristow, James Pennacchio, Len A. TI Enhancer identification through comparative genomics SO SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cis-regulatory; comparative genomics; enhancer; review; transgenic ID HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; DIRECT TRANSCRIPTIONAL TARGET; ANTERIOR HEART FIELD; HOXC8 EARLY ENHANCER; TRANSGENIC MICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; FUGU-RUBRIPES; SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; OTX2 EXPRESSION AB With the availability of genomic sequence from numerous vertebrates, a paradigm shift has occurred in the identification of distant-acting gene regulatory elements. In contrast to traditional gene-centric studies in which investigators randomly scanned genomic fragments that flank genes of interest in functional assays, the modem approach begins electronically with publicly available comparative sequence datasets that provide investigators with prioritized lists of putative functional sequences based on their evolutionary conservation. However, although a large number of tools and resources are now available, application of comparative genomic approaches remains far from trivial. In particular, it requires users to dynamically consider the species and methods for comparison depending on the specific biological question under investigation. While there is currently no single general rule to this end, it is clear that when applied appropriately, comparative genomic approaches exponentially increase our power in generating biological hypotheses for subsequent experimental testing. It is anticipated that cardiac-related genes and the identification of their distant-acting transcriptional enhancers are particularly poised to benefit from these modern capabilities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Genom, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov RI Visel, Axel/A-9398-2009 OI Visel, Axel/0000-0002-4130-7784 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG003988, R01 HG003988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL066681, U01 HL066681] NR 85 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1084-9521 J9 SEMIN CELL DEV BIOL JI Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 140 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.12.014 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 158FO UT WOS:000245777300016 PM 17276707 ER PT J AU Chen, G Liu, Y Max, N AF Chen, George Liu, Yang Max, Nelson TI Real-time view synthesis from a sparse set of views SO SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE image-based rendering; light field; lumigraph; plenoptic sampling; fragment shading; multi view stereo AB It is known that the pure light field approach for view synthesis relies on a large number of image samples to produce anti-aliased renderings. Otherwise, the insufficiency of image sampling needs to be compensated for by geometry sampling. Currently, geometry estimation is done either offline or using dedicated hardware. Our solution to this dilemma is based on three key ideas: a formal analysis of the equivalency between light field rendering and plane-based warping, multi focus imaging in a multi camera system by plane sweeping, and the fusion of the multi focus image using multi view stereo. The essence of our method is to perform necessary depth estimation up to the level required by the minimal joint image-geometry sampling rate using off-the-shelf graphics hardware. As a result, real-time anti-aliased light field rendering is achieved even if the image samples are insufficient. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SoarSpace Inc, Irving, TX 75063 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), SoarSpace Inc, 1103 Cowboys Pkwy, Irving, TX 75063 USA. EM gchen@soarspace.com NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-5965 EI 1879-2677 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS-IMAGE JI Signal Process.-Image Commun. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 188 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.image.2006.12.003 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 158DJ UT WOS:000245771100008 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Li, QW Tu, Y Li, YA Coulter, JY Zheng, LX Zhao, YH Jia, QX Peterson, DE Zhu, YT AF Zhang, Xiefei Li, Qingwen Tu, Yi Li, Yuan Coulter, James Y. Zheng, Lianxi Zhao, Yonghao Jia, Qianxi Peterson, Dean E. Zhu, Yuntian TI Strong carbon-nanotube fibers spun from long carbon-nanotube arrays SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE arrays; carbon nanotubes; mechanical properties; nanofibers ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; YARNS; STRENGTH; COMPOSITES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. First Nano, Ronkonkoma, NY 11779 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Zheng, Lianxi/A-3855-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Zheng, Lianxi/0000-0003-4974-365X; NR 27 TC 216 Z9 223 U1 23 U2 131 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD FEB PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1002/smll.200600368 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136FL UT WOS:000244207900010 PM 17262764 ER PT J AU Sims, B AF Sims, Benjamin TI Things fall apart - Disaster, infrastructure, and risk SO SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE disasters; infrastructure; order; risk C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Syst Ethnog & Qualitat Modeling Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sims, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Syst Ethnog & Qualitat Modeling Team, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bsims@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0306-3127 J9 SOC STUD SCI JI Soc. Stud. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 93 EP 95 DI 10.1177/0306312706069429 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 140UT UT WOS:000244532900006 ER PT J AU Sims, B AF Sims, Benjamin TI 'The day after the hurricane' - Infrastructure, order, and the New Orleans police department's response to Hurricane Katrina SO SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE disasters; emergency response; organizations; risk; security ID SCIENCE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Syst Ethnog & Qualitat Modeling Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sims, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Syst Ethnog & Qualitat Modeling Team, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bsims@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0306-3127 J9 SOC STUD SCI JI Soc. Stud. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1177/0306312706069432 PG 8 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 140UT UT WOS:000244532900009 ER PT J AU Allison, VJ Yermakov, Z Miller, RM Jastrow, JD Matamala, R AF Allison, V. J. Yermakov, Z. Miller, R. M. Jastrow, J. D. Matamala, R. TI Using landscape and depth gradients to decouple the impact of correlated environmental variables on soil microbial community composition SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium; carbon; chronosequence; direct; indirect; phosphorus; prairie; PLFA; SEM; water ID FATTY-ACID PATTERNS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS CARBON; LAND-USE; GRASSLAND; MANAGEMENT; SUBSURFACE; PROFILES; ROOT AB Simultaneously assessing shifts in microbial community composition along landscape and depth gradients allows us to decouple correlations among environmental variables, thus revealing underlying controls on microbial community composition. We examined how soil microbial community composition changed with depth and along a successional gradient of native prairie restoration. We predicted that carbon would be the primary control on both microbial biomass and community composition, and that deeper, low-carbon soils would be more similar to low-carbon agricultural soils than to high carbon remnant prairie soils. Soil microbial community composition was characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and explicitly linked to environmental data using structural equations modeling (SEM). We found that total microbial biomass declined strongly with depth, and increased with restoration age, and that changes in microbial biomass were largely attributable to changes in soil C and/or N concentrations, together with both direct and indirect impacts of root biomass and magnesium. Community composition also shifted with depth and age: the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria increased with both depth and restoration age, while gram-negative bacteria declined with depth and age. In contrast to prediction, deeper, low-C soils were more similar to high-C remnant prairie soils than to low-C agricultural soils, suggesting that carbon is not the primary control on soil microbial community composition. Instead, the effects of depth and restoration age on microbial community composition were mediated via changes in available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and soil water, together with a large undetermined effect of depth. Only by examining soil microbial community composition shifts across sites and down the soil column simultaneously were we able to tease apart the impact of these correlates environmental variables. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allison, VJ (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM allisonv@landcareresearch.co.nz NR 64 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.021 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 122ES UT WOS:000243209100013 ER PT J AU Xing, QF Sasaki, G AF Xing, Qingfeng Sasaki, Gen TI Nanostructured gamma-alumina formed during anodic bonding of Al/glass SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE aluminum; glass; anodic bonding; TEM; oxidation ID OXIDATION; GLASS; FILMS AB Tree-like nanostructured gamma-Al2O3 tends to form at the interface of Al/glass during anodic bonding. The gamma-Al2O3 trees possess a distorted lattice and contain crystallographic defects including grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults, dislocation loops, and edge dislocations. They grow into the glass to a much greater degree than into the aluminum. Between the trees are aluminum-enriched amorphous regions. The Al/gamma-Al2O3 interface is sharp and is free of an amorphous layer. The diffusion of aluminum into the glass does not lead to gamma-Al2O3 trees if low voltages or short bonding durations are employed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Higashihiroshima 7398572, Japan. RP Xing, QF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Electron Microscopy, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM qfxingtem@gmail.com RI Sasaki, Gen/D-7886-2011 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 178 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 155YZ UT WOS:000245616100003 ER PT J AU Kurokawa, H Jacobson, CP DeJonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Kurokawa, Hideto Jacobson, Craig P. DeJonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. TI Chromium vaporization of bare and of coated iron-chromium alloys at 1073 K SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cells; Fe-Cr steel; chromium vaporization; ceramic coating; alloy interconnect ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-VAPOR; SOFC; INTERCONNECTS; CATHODE; AIR; COEFFICIENT; BEHAVIOR; SPINEL AB Suppression of chromium vaporization from oxidation scales formed on ferritic stainless steel, when used on the cathode side of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), is a most important issue, since gaseous chromium species cause deposition of chromium oxide on electrolyte or electrode materials. This phenomenon leads to deterioration of the cell performance. The chromium vaporization rates of bare and of coated iron-chromium alloys were measured at 1073 K. The effect of ceramic coating layers, deposited by low-cost aerosol spraying or by dip coating, was evaluated and the morphology of the coating layer was observed. Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (LSM: La0.65Sr0.3MnO3), lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide (LSCF: La0.6Sr0.4CoFe0.2O3) and manganese cobalt oxide (MCO: MnCo2O4) coatings, formed from submicron powders, decreased chromium vaporization by a factor of as much as 21-40 at 1073 K. Manganese cobalt oxide and lanthanum strontium chromium oxide (La0.7Sr0.3CrO3) coating, formed from powders prepared by a glycine nitrate combustion synthesis, reduced chromium vaporization by factors of only 2-3 because the coating layers were porous. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kurokawa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hkurokawa@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 178 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.010 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 155YZ UT WOS:000245616100018 ER PT J AU Bader, SD Buchanan, KS Chung, SH Guslienko, KY Hoffmann, A Ji, Y Novosad, V AF Bader, S. D. Buchanan, K. S. Chung, S.-H. Guslienko, K. Y. Hoffmann, A. Ji, Yi Novosad, V. TI Issues in nanomagnetism SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Low Dimensions - Structure Meets Magnetism CY APR 05-07, 2006 CL Ruhr Uhniv Bochum, Bochum, GERMANY HO Ruhr Uhniv Bochum DE spin transport; spin dynamics; viral templates ID MESOSCOPIC SPIN-VALVE; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE BIAS; VORTEX STATE; DYNAMICS; INJECTION; ACCUMULATION; METAL; FILMS AB An overview is provided of recent work at Argonne that covers three aspects of nanomagnetism. The first is in the area of spin transport, where all-metallic lateral spin valves are explored. The second is in the area of spin dynamics, where a variety of magnetic vortex geometries are summarized. And the third is in the area of self-assembly, where capsid templates derived from viruses are used to contain the growth of magnetic nanoparticles. In each case issues are highlighted associated with the relation between magnetism and structure. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bader@anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2006.08.009 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179UO UT WOS:000247315800002 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Roy, S Kirby, BJ Park, S Roshchin, IV Li, ZP Kortright, JB Sinha, SK Schuller, IK AF Fitzsimmons, M. R. Roy, S. Kirby, B. J. Park, S. Roshchin, Igor V. Li, Zhi-Pan Kortright, J. B. Sinha, S. K. Schuller, Ivan K. TI Combined magnetic X-ray and polarized neutron reflectivity study of the origins of exchange bias in the Co/FeF2 system SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Low Dimensions - Structure Meets Magnetism CY APR 05-07, 2006 CL Ruhr Uhniv Bochum, Bochum, GERMANY HO Ruhr Uhniv Bochum DE exchange bias; uncompensated spins; antiferromagnetism; X-ray reflectivity; neutron reflectivity ID SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY AB We discuss studies of the magnetic specular reflectivity of neutrons and X-rays from the exchange bias system consisting of a single crystal film of antiferromagnetic FeF2 capped with a ferromagnetic Co film cooled in an applied magnetic field below the T-N of the FeF2. This system exhibits a shift of the magnetic hysteresis loop along the direction of the cooling field H, (positive exchange bias) or in the opposite direction (negative exchange bias) depending on the magnitude of the cooling field. The use of neutrons with polarization analysis enables the spatial distribution of different vector components of the magnetization to be determined, and the use of resonant magnetic X-ray scattering enables magnetization in a compound system to be determined element-selectively. Our results show that the coupling across the interface between the relatively few uncompensated Fe spins and the more numerous Co spins is antiferromagnetic. In a large cooling field which overrides this coupling, the Fe spins are oriented along H, and some get pinned in this direction, in turn pinning the Co spins above the interface oppositely and thus creating positive exchange bias. For sall values of H-c the Fe spins get locked in the opposite direction producing negative exchange bias. In addition a significant fraction of the Fe spins at the interface are unpinned and always align opposite to the Co magnetization. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sinha, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ssinha@physics.ucsd.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Roshchin, Igor/I-5162-2012 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2007.02.004 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179UO UT WOS:000247315800007 ER PT J AU Jeffrey, CA Feng, R Conrad, EH Miceli, PF Kim, C Hupalo, M Tringides, MC Ryan, PJ AF Jeffrey, C. A. Feng, R. Conrad, E. H. Miceli, P. F. Kim, C. Hupalo, M. Tringides, M. C. Ryan, P. J. TI The growth of Pb nanocrystals on Si(111)7 x 7: Quantum size effects SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics in Low Dimensions - Structure Meets Magnetism CY APR 05-07, 2006 CL Ruhr Uhniv Bochum, Bochum, GERMANY HO Ruhr Uhniv Bochum DE Pb; Si; nanocrystals; X-ray scattering ID FILMS; PB/SI(111)-(7X7); SURFACES; ISLANDS; UNIFORM AB Surface X-ray scattering and scanning-tunneling microscopy experiments, performed in situ, are used to investigate the influence of quantum size effects on the growth of Pb on the Si (111)7 x 7 surface. It is demonstrated that the structure of Pb islands and the associated wetting layer are consistent with the effects of quantum confinement. Moreover, these effects lead to novel behavior for the coarsening evolution of the Pb islands. For example, Ostwald ripening is not observed due to a breakdown of the classical Gibbs-Thomson effect. An unanticipated strong dependence on the deposition flux rate is found and we measure island decay times that are orders of magnitude faster than predicted. These results have important implications for understanding and controlling the growth of nanostructures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. Kyung Hee Univ, Res Inst Basic Sci, Seoul 130701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames Lab USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, MUCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miceli, PF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM micelip@missouri.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2006.10.007 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179UO UT WOS:000247315800016 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Russell, KF AF Miller, M. K. Russell, K. F. TI Performance of a local electrode atom probe SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 12, 2004 CL Graz, AUSTRIA DE local electrode atom probe; preferential evaporation AB The performance of a local electrode atom probe with a crossed delay line detector has been characterized. The local electrode atom probe with its short flight path and high speed (up to 250 kHz) pulse generator has made dramatic, orders of magnitude improvements in the data acquisition rate and the size of the analyzed volume compared to previous types of three-dimensional atom probes. Sustained detection rates of up to 17% ions per field evaporation pulse have been achieved with data collection rates of up to 2 million atoms per minute. Preferential evaporation is substantially reduced due to the smaller proportion of time spent at the standing voltage enabling lower pulse fractions to be routinely used. A procedure for aligning the specimen with the aperture in the local electrode is described. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Bldgt 4500S,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1002/sia.2488 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 137MB UT WOS:000244295600035 ER PT J AU Cattani, M Vaz, AR Wiederkehr, RS Teixeira, FS Salvadori, MC Brown, IG AF Cattani, M. Vaz, A. R. Wiederkehr, R. S. Teixeira, F. S. Salvadori, M. C. Brown, I. G. TI Influence of electron scattering from morphological granularity and surface roughness on thin film electrical resistivity SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electrical resistivity; metallic thin films; grain size ID POLYCRYSTALLINE FILMS; EXTERNAL SURFACES; GRAIN SIZES; PLATINUM; REFLECTION; MODEL AB We report electrical resistivity measurements of platinum and gold thin films over a range of film thickness d (1.3 <= d <= 11.7 nm), together with associated measurements of the film morphological and crystallographic grain size. The resistivity results are compared to predictions of the Fuchs-Sondheimer and the Mayadas-Shatzkes models, based on the electron mean free path and crystallographic grain size, and the agreement is not satisfactory. We describe an alternative model based on elastic electron scattering with morphological granularity (grain structure as measured on the film surface) and film surface roughness, and good agreement is obtained with the experimental results. This suggests that electron scattering by morphological granularity and surface roughness plays an important role in determining the electrical resistivity of thin metal films. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cattani, M (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mcattani@if.usp.br RI Teixeira, Fernanda/A-9395-2013; Wiederkehr, Rodrigo Sergio/L-3739-2013; Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013; Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; Vaz, Alfredo/K-8655-2015 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1142/S0218625X07009116 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 230HA UT WOS:000250865800011 ER PT J AU Johnson, DF Jiang, DE Carter, EA AF Johnson, Donald F. Jiang, D. E. Carter, Emily A. TI Structure, magnetism, and adhesion at Cr/Fe interfaces from density functional theory SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metal-metal magnetic thin film structures; metal-metal interfaces; density functional calculations; adhesion; iron; chromium; coatings ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; BASIS-SET; CR; FE; SUPERLATTICES; CHROMIUM AB Properties of the Cr(100)/Fe(100) and Cr(110)/Fe(110) interfaces are investigated with spin-polarized density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (DFT-GGA) for electron exchange and correlation. Contrary to earlier predictions for a monolayer of Cr on bulk Fe, we find intermixing of Cr and Fe at the interface of thick films to be endothermic; hence here we focus on characterizing abrupt, unalloyed interfaces. The ideal work of adhesion for both the (100) and (110) abrupt interfaces is predicted to be similar to 5.4 J/m(2). We propose that this anomalously strong adhesion between heterogeneous interfaces is derived from significant spin correlations and d-d bonding at the interface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carter, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM eac@princeton.edu RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Carter, Emily/P-4075-2014 OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 3 BP 699 EP 705 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.10.034 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 138OU UT WOS:000244372900016 ER PT J AU Rose, V Podgursky, V David, R Franchy, R AF Rose, V. Podgursky, V. David, R. Franchy, R. TI Growth of Co nanoparticles on a nanostructured theta-Al2O3 film on CoAl(100) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy (AES); electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); low energy electron diffraction (LEED); scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); cobalt; aluminum oxide; cobalt oxide; clusters ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; STABILITY; CLUSTERS; AL2O3; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; OXIDATION AB We have investigated the growth of Co nanoparticles on theta-Al2O3/CoAl(100) by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), highresolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Due to Volmer-Weber growth, Co forms particles with a mean diameter of approximately 2.5 nm and height of 0.8 nm. Even on the entirely covered oxide, there is no Ostwald ripening and Co particles stay structurally isolated. The nanoparticles exhibit a small size distribution and tend to form chains, as predetermined by the streak structure of the oxide template. For sufficient high coverages Co-core-CoO-shell nanoparticles may be evidenced, which is explained as a result of surfactant oxygen. The nanostructured particles may open the door to numerous applications, such as in catalysis and magnetoelectronic applications, where large areas of ordered nanodots are desired. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Mat Technol, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Surfaces & Interfaces ISG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Rose, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vrose@anl.gov RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008; Podgursky, Vitali/J-4434-2014; OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Podgursky, Vitali/0000-0002-1887-8976 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 3 BP 786 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.11.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 138OU UT WOS:000244372900028 ER PT J AU LePoire, DJ Glenn, JC AF LePoire, David J. Glenn, Jerome C. TI Technology and the Hydra of terrorism? SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE terrorism; technology; education; energy ID COMPLEXITY AB In the application of new technologies that address the terrorism problem, an objective is to ensure that the technology does not cause more problems than it solves. Potential new technologies, including convergences of genomics, robotics, information technology, and nanotechnology, might rapidly develop. As with any technological advance, each of these offers a mixture of benefits and risks. At first, a direct approach is reviewed by looking at how these technologies might deter the motive, means, and opportunity for terrorist activities. While there are many potential deterrence applications, other issues are identified that might cause unintended problems in the system. Some of these problems include the possible contribution to terrorist motives by increasing stresses toward divisiveness in society, terrorist means through the development of dual-use technologies, or terrorist opportunities by further developing technological vulnerabilities. Next, a more systemic approach is taken by reviewing a wider range of issues, such as resource availability, management of science and technology, and general societal trends. The balance between technological change and social response is important in realizing benefits while mitigating unintended consequences such as harmful uses through terrorist actions. To explore issues concerning this balance, possible technological development scenarios are reviewed, including the possibility of accelerating or slowing technological development. Some recent recommendations are considered within this context. The need for a balance between technological and social response in this asymmetric situation suggests that the benefits of a rapid technological response against terrorism might not be as large as those observed during World War II. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UN Univ, Amer Council, Millennium Project, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP LePoire, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dlepoire@anl.gov; jglenn@ige.org NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2006.01.002 PG 9 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 142IP UT WOS:000244643200003 ER PT J AU Blasing, TJ Hand, K AF Blasing, T. J. Hand, Kimberly TI Monthly carbon emissions from natural-gas flaring and cement manufacture in the United States SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Annual data on carbon emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement manufacture have been used in studies of the carbon cycle for the last few decades. However, annual data do not specify carbon emissions on the seasonal timescales relevant to biospheric uptake and other processes affecting the carbon cycle. Estimates of monthly emissions from fossil-fuel consumption in the United States (US) have shown that an increasing percentage of the annual emissions are occurring during the growing season; however, carbon emitted from flaring natural gas at well sites was not accounted for in those emissions estimates, nor was carbon emitted during cement manufacture. Here we show that emissions from flaring, which amount to around 0.1 % of all fossil-fuel carbon emissions in the US, have no clear and persistent annual pattern that can be detected in the data. In contrast, carbon emissions from cement manufacture, which add about 0.7% to carbon emissions from fossil fuels in the US, have a clear and persistent annual pattern including low values in late winter and early spring. In this paper, we provide a few remarks on carbon emissions from natural-gas flaring before presenting monthly emissions estimates. We then focus on the methodology for calculating carbon emissions from cement manufacture before presenting and discussing the monthly emissions estimates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Blasing, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM blasingtj@ornl.gov RI Blasing, T/B-9498-2012 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00195.x PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128TH UT WOS:000243681100002 ER PT J AU Williams, SD Johnson, TJ Gibbons, TP Kitchens, CL AF Williams, Stephen D. Johnson, Timothy J. Gibbons, Thomas P. Kitchens, Christopher L. TI Relative Raman intensities in C6H6, C6D6, and C6F6: A comparison of different computational methods SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Electronic Computational Chemistry Conference CY APR, 2005 CL West Long Branch, NJ DE relative Raman intensity; ab initio; Hartree-Fock; MP2; DFT; CCSD; CAS-SCF; Fourier Transform Raman; FT-Raman ID MOLECULAR ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLARIZED BASIS-SETS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; GAS-PHASE; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; RESONANCE RAMAN; MOLLER-PLESSET; 2ND-ROW ATOMS AB The accuracy of various computational methods (Hartree-Fock, MP2, CCSD, CAS-SCF, and several types of DFT) for predicting relative intensities in Raman spectra for C6H6, C6D6, and C6F6 was compared. The predicted relative intensities for nu(1) and nu(2) were compared with relative intensities measured by an FT-Raman spectrometer. While none of these methods excelled at this prediction, Hartree-Fock with a large basis set was most successful for C6H6 and C6D6, while PW91PW91 was the most successful for C6F6. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Appalachian State Univ, AR Smith Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28609 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 Mailstop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Timothy.Johnson@pnl.gov NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 117 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s00214-006-0135-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 130TU UT WOS:000243822700014 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Gutowski, M AF Haranczyk, Maciej Gutowski, Maciej TI Differences in electrostatic potential around DNA fragments containing guanine and 8-oxo-guanine SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Electronic Computational Chemistry Conference CY APR, 2005 CL West Long Branch, NJ DE DNA damage; 8-oxo-guanine; electrostatic potential ID DENSITY; CARCINOGENESIS; SIMILARITY; EXCHANGE; CHARGES; CANCER; DAMAGE AB Changes of electrostatic potential (EP) around the DNA molecule resulting from chemical modifications of nucleotides may play a role in enzymatic recognition of damaged sites. Effects of chemical modifications of nucleotides on the structure of DNA have been characterized through large-scale density functional theory computations. Quantum mechanical structural optimizations of DNA fragments with three pairs of nucleotides and accompanying counteractions were performed with a B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and 6-31G** basis sets. The "intact" DNA fragment contained guanine in the middle layer, while the "damaged" fragment had the guanine replaced with 8-oxo-guanine. The electrostatic potential around these DNA fragments was projected on a surface around the double helix. The 2D maps of EP of intact and damaged DNA fragments were analyzed to identify these modifications of EP that result from the occurrence of 8-oxo-guanine. It was found that distortions of the phosphate groups and displacements of the accompanying countercations are clearly reflected in the EP maps. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Heriot Watt Univ, Chem Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Haranczyk, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maharan@chem.univ.gda.pl; m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 117 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s00214-006-0133-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 130TU UT WOS:000243822700015 ER PT J AU Nuno, M Chowell, G Wang, X Castillo-Chavez, C AF Nuno, M. Chowell, G. Wang, X. Castillo-Chavez, C. TI On the role of cross-immunity and vaccines on the survival of less fit flu-strains SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; cross-immunity; isolation; invasion reproduction number; coexistence; sub-threshold coexistence; uncertainty and sensitivity analysis ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; VIRUS; INFECTION; MODEL; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB A pathogen's route to survival involves various mechanisms including its ability to invade (host's susceptibility) and its reproductive success within an invaded host ("infectiousness"). The immunological history of an individual often plays an important role in reducing host susceptibility or it helps the host mount a faster immunological response de facto reducing infectiousness. The cross-immunity generated by prior infections to influenza A strains from the same subtype provide a significant example. The results of this paper are based on the analytical study of a two-strain epidemic model that incorporates host isolation (during primary infection) and cross-immunity to study the role of invasion mediated cross-immunity in a population where a precursor related strain (within the same subtype, i.e. H3N2, H1N1) has already become established. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is carried out on the ability of the invading strain to survive for given cross-immunity levels. Our findings indicate that it is possible to support coexistence even in the case when invading strains are "unfit", that is, when the basic reproduction number of the invading strain is less than one. However, such scenarios are possible only in the presence of isolation. That is, appropriate increments in isolation rates and weak cross-immunity can facilitate the survival of less fit strains. The development of "flu" vaccines that minimally enhance herd cross-immunity levels may, by increasing genotype diversity, help facilitate the generation and survival of novel strains. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Nuno, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mnuno@hsph.harvard.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/E-1412-2014; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/0000-0002-1046-3901; Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI07358] NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.tbp.2006.07.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 133OH UT WOS:000244021700003 PM 16930653 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Hinderliter, PM Orr, G Thrall, BD Pounds, JG AF Teeguarden, Justin G. Hinderliter, Paul M. Orr, Galya Thrall, Brian D. Pounds, Joel G. TI Particokinetics in vitro: Dosimetry considerations for in vitro nanoparticle toxicity assessments SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE nanomaterial; kinetics; dosimetry; in vitro; risk assessment; settling; agglomeration; diffusion ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PARTICLE-SIZE; LUNG; MODEL; RETENTION; VIVO; SEDIMENTATION; CYTOTOXICITY; FIBROBLASTS; SUSPENSIONS AB The rapid growth in the use of in vitro methods for nanoparticle toxicity assessment has proceeded with limited consideration of the unique kinetics of these materials in solution. Particles in general and nanoparticles specifically, diffuse, settle, and agglomerate in cell culture media as a function of systemic and particle properties: media density and viscosity and particle size, shape, charge and density, for example. Cellular dose then is also a function of these factors as they determine the rate of transport of nanoparticles to cells in culture. Here we develop and apply the principles of dosimetry in vitro and outline an approach for simulation of nanoparticle particokinetics in cell culture systems. We illustrate that where equal mass concentrations (mu g/ml) imply equal doses for dissimilar materials, the corresponding particle number or surface area concentration doses differ by orders of magnitude. More importantly, when rates of diffusional and gravitational particle delivery are accounted for, trends and magnitude of the cellular dose as a function of particle size and density differ significantly from those implied by "concentration" doses. For example, 15-nm silver nanoparticles appear similar to 4000 times more potent than micron-sized cadmium oxide particles on a cm(2)/ml media basis, but are only similar to 50 times more potent when differences in delivery to adherent cells are considered. We conclude that simple surrogates of dose can cause significant misinterpretation of response and uptake data for nanoparticles in vitro. Incorporating particokinetics and principles of dosimetry would significantly improve the basis for nanoparticle toxicity C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391; Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES016212] NR 54 TC 402 Z9 410 U1 14 U2 102 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl165 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 130GL UT WOS:000243787800002 PM 17098817 ER PT J AU Typke, D Gilpin, CJ Downing, KH Glaeser, RM AF Typke, Dieter Gilpin, Christopher J. Downing, Kenneth H. Glaeser, Robert M. TI Stroboscopic image capture: Reducing the dose per frame by a factor of 30 does not prevent beam-induced specimen movement in paraffin SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE stroboscopic image capture; beam-induced specimen movement; high dynamic range CCD camera; paraffin; electron microscopy ID ONE CONDUCTING LAYER; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SENSITIVE SPECIMENS; IONIZING-RADIATION; THIN-FILMS; MICROGRAPHS; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; POLYETHYLENE; DETECTOR AB Beam-induced specimen movement may be the major factor that limits the quality of high-resolution images of organic specimens. One of the possible measures to improve the situation that was proposed by Henderson and Glaeser [Ultramicroscopy 16 (1985) 139-150], which we refer to here as "stroboscopic image capture", is to divide the normal exposure into many successive frames, thus reducing the amount of electron exposure-and possibly the amount of beam-induced movement-per frame. The frames would then be aligned and summed. We have performed preliminary experiments on stroboscopic imaging using a 200-kV electron microscope that was equipped with a high dynamic range Charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for image recording and a liquid N-2-cooled cryoholder. Single-layer paraffin crystals on carbon film were used as a test specimen. The ratio F(g)/F(0) of paraffin reflections, calculated from the images, serves as our criterion for the image quality. In the series that were evaluated, no significant improvement of the F-image(g)/F-image(0) ratio was found, even though the electron exposure per frame was reduced by a factor of 30. A frame-to-frame analysis of image distortions showed that considerable beam-induced movement had still occurred during each frame. In addition, the paraffin crystal lattice was observed to move relative to the supporting carbon film, a fact that cannot be explained as being an electron-optical effect caused by specimen charging. We conclude that a significant further reduction of the dose per frame (than was possible with this CCD detector) will be needed in order to test whether the frame-to-frame changes ultimately become small enough for stroboscopic image capture to show its potential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmglaeser@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 107 IS 2-3 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.06.005 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 129EI UT WOS:000243710800004 PM 16905258 ER PT J AU Erni, R Browning, ND AF Erni, Rolf Browning, Nigel D. TI Quantification of the size-dependent energy gap of individual CdSe quantum dots by valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE VEELS; STEM; quantum dots; CdSe; energy gap ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITIONS; OXIDE AB Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) performed in a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope was used to measure the energy gaps of individual quantum dots (QDs). The gap energies of a series of CdSe QDs measured by VEELS reveal the expected quantum confinement effect; the gap energy increases with decreasing particle size. However, the values derived from these first VEELS measurements of single QDs are larger than the values commonly measured by optical spectroscopy. As standard optical methods lack the spatial resolution to probe individual nanoparticles, the particle-size distribution influences the optical response. It is suggested that the impact of the particle-size distribution accounts for the discrepancy between the energy-gap values derived from VEELS of single QDs and from optical methods of ensembles of QDs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erni, R (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM rolf.erni@ua.ac.be RI Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 107 IS 2-3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.08.002 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 129EI UT WOS:000243710800022 PM 16996213 ER PT J AU Faybishenko, B AF Faybishenko, Boris TI Climatic forecasting of net infiltration at Yucca Mountain using analogue meteorological data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-BALANCE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; RECHARGE; NEVADA; PRECIPITATION AB At Yucca Mountain, NV, future changes in climatic conditions will probably alter net infiltration, drainage below the bottom of the evapotranspiration zone within the soil profile, or flow across the interface between soil and the densely welded part of the Tiva Canyon Tuff. The objectives of this study were to: ( i) develop a semiempirical model and forecast average net infiltration rates, using the limited meteorological data from analog meteorological stations, for interglacial ( present day), and future monsoon, glacial transition, and glacial climates over the Yucca Mountain region; and ( ii) corroborate the computed net infiltration rates by comparing them with the empirically and numerically determined groundwater recharge and percolation rates through the unsaturated zone from published data. This study approached calculations of net infiltration, aridity, and precipitation-effectiveness indices using a modified Budyko's water-balance model, with reference-surface potential evapotranspiration determined from the radiation-based Penman formula. Results of calculations show that net infiltration rates are expected to generally increase from the present-day climate to monsoon climate, to glacial transition climate, and then to the glacial climate, following a power law relationship between net infiltration and precipitation. The forecasting results indicate the overlap between the ranges of net infiltration for different climates. Forecasting of net infiltration for different climate states is subject to numerous uncertainties associated with selecting climate analog sites, using relatively short analog meteorological records, neglecting the effects of vegetation and surface runoff and run-on on a local scale, as well as possible anthropogenically induced climate changes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faybishenko, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bfayb@lbl.gov RI Faybishenko, Boris/G-3363-2015 OI Faybishenko, Boris/0000-0003-0085-8499 NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0001 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 158RM UT WOS:000245811500005 ER PT J AU Zhong, LR Thornton, EC Deng, BL AF Zhong, Lirong Thornton, Edward C. Deng, Baolin TI Uranium immobilization by hydrogen sulfide gaseous treatment under vadose zone conditions SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; REDUCING CONDITIONS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; IRON; REMEDIATION; DISSOLUTION; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION AB Mobility of hexavalent uranium [ U( VI)] in H2S-treated soils was investigated using laboratory column experiments to assess the potential of applying in situ gaseous reduction for U immobilization in the vadose zone. Soil from the Hanford Formation in the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford Site, Washington, was used in this study. The impact of water chemistry and soil treatment on U( VI) immobilization and the role of gas humidity on soil treatment were investigated. The study revealed that soil uptake of U( VI) from deionized water was much higher than that from the simulated Hanford groundwater. Nevertheless, gas-treated soil was still shown to have the potential for immobilizing U( VI) from the simulated groundwater. In addition, changes in H2S column breakthrough indicated that humidity enhanced the reduction of soil Fe. In the first 20 pore volumes, the soil treated with moisturized H2S gas can effectively immobilize >80% of the mobile U( VI). Primary mechanisms for U immobilization included U( VI) sorption to the sediments, reduction of U( VI) to insoluble U( IV), and enhanced adsorption of U( VI) to newly formed Fe oxides. Remobilization of U following reoxidation of the sediment was relatively insignificant under the experimental conditions applied, apparently owing to the enhanced adsorption of U to poorly crystallized hydrous ferric oxide products. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhong, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM lirong.zhong@pnl.gov OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0114 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 158RM UT WOS:000245811500011 ER PT J AU Perry, B George, JS AF Perry, B. George, J. S. TI Dopaminergic modulation and rod contribution in the generation of oscillatory potentials in the tiger salamander retina SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adaptation; dopamine; oscillatory potentials; rod-cone pathway; tiger salamander ID STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS; HUMAN ELECTRORETINOGRAM; COINCIDENCE DETECTOR; CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; STIMULUS-INTENSITY; CALCIUM CURRENTS; LIGHT ADAPTATION; BACKGROUND LIGHT; HORIZONTAL CELLS; DARK-ADAPTATION AB The roles of rod and cone input and of dopamine in the generation of oscillatory potentials were studied in tiger salamander retina. Under scotopic conditions, oscillations were elicited with a green, but not a red stimulus. With mesopic background illumination, both stimuli caused oscillations. Addition of quinpirole to a mesopic retina eliminated oscillations while SKF-38393 had no effect. Similarly, addition of sulpiride to a light-adapted retina elicited oscillatory activity, but SCH 22390 had no effect. These results suggest that oscillatory potentials are elicited through activation of the rod pathway and are modulated by dopamine through D2-receptors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Perry, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM bperry@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2006.11.004 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 133MC UT WOS:000244016000003 PM 17184809 ER PT J AU Hua, B Deng, BL Thornton, EC Yang, J Amonette, JE AF Hua, Bin Deng, Baolin Thornton, Edward C. Yang, John Amonette, James E. TI Incorporation of chromate into calcium carbonate structure during coprecipitation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE chromate; calcium carbonate; coprecipitation; solution extraction; X-ray diffraction ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXTRACTION; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SOILS; REDUCTION; VATERITE; TRANSFORMATION; GROUNDWATER; COPPER(II); BEHAVIOR AB To rigorously assess treatment technologies and establish regulatory framework for chromate-contaminated site remediation, it is useful to know the exact chromium speciation in soil matrices. In an earlier study, Thornton, E. C., & Amonette, J. E. (1999). Hydrogen sulfide gas treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated sediment samples from a plating-waste disposal site - implications for in-situ remediation. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 4096-4101, reported that some chromate in the bulk particles was not accessible to gaseous reductants or solution-phase extractants, based on XANES studies. We hypothesized that part of this non-extractable chromate may reside in the structure of minerals such as calcium carbonate. To test this hypothesis, a number of calcium carbonate precipitates were prepared in the presence of various concentrations of chromate during the precipitation, which could coprecipitate chromate, or by adding chromate after the precipitation was completed. Hydrochloric acid was used to dissolve calcium carbonate and therefore extract the coprecipitated and surface attached chromate. The results showed that the coprecipitated chromate was non-extractable by hot alkaline solution or phosphate buffer, but could be solubilized by HCl in proportional to the amount of calcium carbonate dissolved. The X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the coprecipitation of chromate with calcium carbonate had an influence on its crystal structure: The higher the chromate concentration, the greater the ratio of vaterite to calcite. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Field Hydrol & Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lincoln Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, Jefferson City, MO 65201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Deng, BL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dengb@missouri.edu OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9242-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 133RG UT WOS:000244029800031 ER PT J AU Cowee, MM Winske, D Russell, CT Strangeway, RJ AF Cowee, M. M. Winske, D. Russell, C. T. Strangeway, R. J. TI 1D hybrid simulations of planetary ion-pickup: Energy partition SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; WAVES; MAGNETOSHEATH; DISPERSION; TORUS AB Ion pickup in planetary environments results in unstable newborn ion populations with sufficient free energy to generate electromagnetic plasma waves. Estimates of the SO(2)(+) pickup rates near the Jovian moon, Io, based on ion cyclotron wave observations assumed that the newborn pickup ions lose 50% of their energy to wave growth. Using one-dimensional initial-value hybrid simulation, we test this assumption and predict that at most similar to 25% of the energy of the newborn ion population is lost to wave growth for conditions at Io. This energy is lost over > 1400 SO(2)(+) gyroperiods ( similar to 1 hour), with the majority lost after saturation of the instability. Thus the saturation wave energy is low, at < 3% of the newborn ion population's energy. In contrast, newborn ions in cometary environments saturate at substantially higher wave energies ( similar to 30% of the newborn ion population's energy), but do not continue to lose energy afterwards. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cowee, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mcowee@igpp.ucla.edu NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 AR L02113 DI 10.1029/2006GL028285 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133VB UT WOS:000244040900003 ER PT J AU Anstey, MR Yung, CM Du, JA Bergman, RG AF Anstey, Mitchell R. Yung, Cathleen M. Du, Juana Bergman, Robert G. TI Unexpected C-C bond cleavage and C-C bond formation observed in the reaction of a cationic iridium complex with heteroatom-substituted cyclopropanes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-HYDROGEN; H-BONDS; ACTIVATION; OLEFINS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; HYDROVINYLATION; HYDROCARBONS; ALKYL AB Iridium complex Cp*(PMe3)Ir(CH3)OTf (1) and alkylaminocyclopropanes react via a well-understood initial C-H bond activation with a subsequent C-C bond-breaking step to yield a variety of -allyl complexes [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(eta(3)-(C3H4NRR2)-R-1)][OTf] (R-1 = R-2 = Bn; R-1 = Bn, R-2 = Ph) and methane. However, diphenylamino, alkoxy, or siloxycyclopropanes, when treated with complex 1, yield a new pi-allyl complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(eta(3)-C3H4CH3)][OTf] (8) and the corresponding amine or alcohol. The methyl group initially bound to iridium is no longer extruded as methane, but instead is incorporated into the allyl moiety to give a new carbon-carbon bond. A detailed mechanistic study provides evidence in support of an initial C-C bond activation mechanism as opposed to the initial C-H bond activation observed with other known substrates. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rbergman@berkeley.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 776 EP 777 DI 10.1021/ja068312a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 128UH UT WOS:000243683800026 PM 17243810 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Liu, JM Lu, FX AF Zhang, H. Liu, J. M. Lu, F. X. TI Effect of nanostructured AlN coatings on the oxidation-resistant properties of optical diamond films SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diamond film; AlN coatings; oxidation properties; optical properties AB Diamond film is an ultra-durable optical material with high thermal conductivity and good transmission in near-infrared and far-IR (8-14 mu m) wavebands. CVD diamond is subjected to oxidation at temperature higher than 780 degrees C bared in air for 3 min, while it can be protected from oxidation for extended exposure in air at temperature up to 900 degrees C by a coating of aluminum nitride. Highly oriented AlN coatings were prepared for infrared windows on diamond films by reactive sputtering method and the average surface roughness (R-a) of the coatings was about 10 nm. The deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscope (AFM). XRD confirmed the preferential orientation nature and AFM showed nanostructures. Optical properties of diamond films coated AlN thin film was investigated using infrared spectrum (IR) compared with that for as-grown diamond films. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangh@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 7 BP 3571 EP 3573 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.079 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 138SD UT WOS:000244381700035 ER PT J AU Wang, Y King, DL AF Wang, Yong King, David L. TI The novel compact catalytic reactor - Preface SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.010 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 110KX UT WOS:000242378900001 ER PT J AU Tonkovich, ALY Yang, B Perry, ST Fitzgerald, SP Wang, Y AF Tonkovich, Anna Lee Y. Yang, Bin Perry, Steven T. Fitzgerald, Sean P. Wang, Yong TI From seconds to milliseconds to microseconds through tailored microchannel reactor design of a steam methane reformer SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Meeting of the North-American-Catalysis-Society (NAM) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Catalysis Soc DE microchannel reactor design; steam methane reformer; hydrogen; millisecond reaction; microsecond reaction ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; SYNTHESIS GAS; CONTACT TIMES; DEHYDROGENATION; SYNGAS; ETHANE; TECHNOLOGY; HYDROGEN; MONOLITHS AB Conventional steam methane reformers operate with contact times exceeding I s. Recent literature has suggested that microchannel reactors may reduce the contact time to a few or tens of milliseconds. This report shows both experimentally and theoretically that the I ms barrier for steam methane reforming (SMR) has been broken with the aid of a tailored microchannel reactor design, where the catalyst is coated on a relatively thick porous engineered structure. While I ms contact time reactions have been approached by the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas, steam reforming has historically been considered a slow reaction. Methane steam reforming experiments at contact times of 90-900 mu s were conducted. Greater than 98% approach to equilibrium methane conversion was demonstrated at 900 mu s, and 19.7% approach to equilibrium was measured at 90 mu s. Both cases were supported with good model agreement. Further, the model explores microchannel reactor structures that minimize heat and mass transfer and results suggest that at a contact time of 500 mu s a high approach to equilibrium is possible. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Velocys Inc, Plain City, OH USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tonkovich, ALY (reprint author), Velocys Inc, Plain City, OH USA. EM tonkovich@velocys.com RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 34 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 110KX UT WOS:000242378900003 ER PT J AU Holladay, JD Brooks, KP Wegeng, R Hu, J Sanders, J Baird, S AF Holladay, J. D. Brooks, K. P. Wegeng, R. Hu, J. Sanders, J. Baird, S. TI Microreactor development for Martian in situ propellant production SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Meeting of the North-American-Catalysis-Society (NAM) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Catalysis Soc DE in situ resource utilization; Sabatier reactor; reverse water-gas-shift reactor; microchannel reactors AB A process is presented for in situ resource utilization of indigenous resources on Mars to produce hydrocarbon propellants using microchannel reactors. The proposed system utilizes CO2 from the atmosphere on Mars and hydrogen brought from Earth. The CO2 is reacted in a Sabatier reactor (SR) to produce methane (propellant) and water. The water generated is electrolyzed to produce oxygen (oxidant). The hydrogen is recycled. The microchannel SR used in this study consisted of integrated cooling and reaction channels, was < 100 cm(3) in volume and 175 g in mass, and used a proprietary catalyst. When operated at 400 degrees C, 70-80% CO2 conversion was achieved, which enabled similar to 0.0125 kg CH4/h production or one-eighth the target mission-required throughput. The modular design of microchannel reactors would enable simple scale-up to full-scale production for the proposed mission. To produce the desired oxygen-to-methane ratio (3.8 by mass), a reverse water-gas-shift reactor (RWGS) converts CO2 and hydrogen to water and CO. Again, the water is electrolyzed and the hydrogen recycled; the CO is discarded. The RWGS system contained 30 microchannels in a four-reactor monolith (70 cm(3)). When operated at 700 degrees C and at a contact time of 36 ms, 0.09 kg/h O-2 generation (half-scale production for a sample Direct Robotic Earth Return Mission) was achieved, and 0.18 kg/h (full-scale production) was accomplished when operated at 18 ms. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Holladay, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM JD.Holladay@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.019 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 110KX UT WOS:000242378900005 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Canfield, NL Tran, DN Dagle, RA Li, XS Holladay, JD Wang, Y AF Johnson, Bradley R. Canfield, Nathan L. Tran, Diana N. Dagle, Robert A. Li, X. Shari Holladay, Jarnelyn D. Wang, Yong TI Engineered SMR catalysts based on hydrothermally stable, porous, ceramic supports for microchannel reactors SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Meeting of the North-American-Catalysis-Society (NAM) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Catalysis Soc DE methane steam reforming; microchannel reactors; engineered catalyst; hydrothermally stable catalyst ID FUEL REFORMATION AB A novel engineered, porous, ceramic, catalyst support for stable, high temperature (> 800 degrees C) steam methane reforming operation was demonstrated with a rhodium catalyst. The support was designed for operation in microchannel reactors. Typically high temperature alloys such as FeCrAlY or 600 series nickel-based alloys are used as structural supports that are wash-coated with catalyst-impregnated, high surface area, ceramic powders. The hydrothermal conditions used for methane steam reforming create several material challenges that interfere with the performance of metallic supports: corrosive degradation of the metal, delamination of the wash-coated catalyst from the metal support, and accelerated sintering of the high-surface area ceramic powder used to disperse the metal catalysts. Additionally, undesirable side reactions such as coke formation promoted by the support metal typically necessitate operating SMR reactions at higher than equilibrium steam to carbon ratios. The engineered, porous, ceramic support with Rh catalyst was tested at a steam to carbon ratio of 1: 1, a contact time of 27 ms, and temperatures up to 900 degrees C. Near equilibrium conversion and selectivity were achieved. It was found that there was no degradation or sintering observed in the engineered, porous, ceramic support, the catalyst did not delaminate from the support, nor was any coke formation detected after 100 h time-on-stream (TOS) under these reaction conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Bradley.johnson@pnl.gov; yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.056 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 110KX UT WOS:000242378900007 ER PT J AU Hu, JL Wang, Y Cao, CS Elliott, DC Stevens, DJ White, JF AF Hu, Jianli Wang, Yong Cao, Chunshe Elliott, Douglas C. Stevens, Don J. White, James F. TI Conversion of biomass-derived syngas to alcohols and C-2 oxygenates using supported Rh catalysts in a microchannel reactor SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Meeting of the North-American-Catalysis-Society (NAM) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Catalysis Soc DE ethanol; methanol; C-2(+) oxygenates; microchannel reactor; syngas; biomass; rhodium catalyst ID RHODIUM; ETHANOL; DISPERSION; METAL AB The capability of a microchannel reactor for synthesis of alcohols and C-2(+) oxygenates from biomass-derived syngas was explored. Supported Rh catalysts were selected to integrate with a microchannel reactor for this study. The focus of the present research was to investigate the impact of reaction variables, including temperature, pressure, H-2/CO ratio, and activation procedures, on the activity and product selectivity of supported Rh catalysts. It was observed that the formation of undesired product, methane, can be suppressed under conditions of low temperature, high pressure, and low H-2/CO ratio. Interestingly, different catalysts responded differently to reduction-oxidation cycle (RedOx) treatment. A hybrid catalyst system containing CuZnAl and Rh-Mn/SiO2 exhibited continued increase in activity after RedOx treatment. When Rh-Mn/SiO2 catalyst was coated on a FeCrAlY metallic felt substrate and subsequently integrated into a microchannel reactor, a significant enhancement in specific activity was obtained, which highlights strong process intensification potential for commercial application. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jianli.Hu@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Zhang, Baoquan/E-2287-2014 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.07.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 110KX UT WOS:000242378900011 ER PT J AU Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD Wright, SV AF Krassnigg, A. Roberts, C. D. Wright, S. V. TI Meson spectroscopy and properties using dyson-schwinger equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Internation CY JUN 09-13, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Inst Nucl Phys Polish Acad, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl DE Dyson-Schwinger equations; Bethe-Salpeter equation; meson radial excitations ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; DIQUARK-QUARK MODEL; FORM-FACTORS; LADDER APPROXIMATION; HADRON PHYSICS; BOUND-STATES; PSEUDOSCALAR; CONFINEMENT; COVARIANT; NUCLEON AB We study pseudoscalar and scalar mesons using a practical and symmetry preserving truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations. We investigate and compare properties of ground and radially excited meson states. In addition to exact results for radial meson excitations we also present results for meson masses and decay constants from the chiral limit up to the charm-quark mass, e. g., the mass of the chi(c0)(2P) meson. C1 Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krassnigg, A (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Phys, Univ Pl 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM andreas.krassnigg@uni-graz.at; cdroberts@anl.gov; svwright@anl.gov OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1142/S0217751X07035616 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 231DN UT WOS:000250926800028 ER PT J AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, Ted TI Meson2006 summary: Theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Internation CY JUN 09-13, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Inst Nucl Phys Polish Acad, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl DE Meson and baryon spectroscopy; strong interactions; quantum chromodynamics ID NUCLEON AB This is a summary of theoretical plenary contributions to the biennial hadron physics conference Meson2006, which was the ninth in this series. The topics covered in the meeting include low energy pion-pion and pion-nucleon interactions, photoproduction and hadronic production of light mesons and baryons, in-medium effects, recent developments in charmed mesons, charmonia and B mesons, the status of exotica, and some related topics such as final state interactions. In this contribution we review and summarize the plenary talks presented by theorists at the meeting, and emphasize some of the main points of their presentations. Where appropriate we will add brief comments on some aspects of QCD spectroscopy. Finally, following tradition, we conclude with a new Feynman story. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tbarnes@utk.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1142/S0217751X07035690 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 231DN UT WOS:000250926800036 ER PT J AU Biju, V Pan, D Gorby, YA Fredrickson, J McLean, J Saffarini, D Lu, HP AF Biju, Vasudevanpillai Pan, Duohai Gorby, Yuri A. Fredrickson, Jim McLean, Jeff Saffarini, Daad Lu, H. Peter TI Combined spectroscopic and topographic characterization of nanoscale domains and their distributions of a redox protein on bacterial cell surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; FLAVOCYTOCHROME C(3); ANAEROBIC REDUCTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION AB Redox protein nanoscale domains on the cell surface of a bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR1, grown in the absence and presence of electron acceptors, is topographically characterized using combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The protruding nanoscale domains on the outer membrane of S. oneidensis were observed, as was their disappearance upon exposure to electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, and iron nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA). Using SERS spectroscopy, a redox heme protein was identified as a major component of the cell surface domains. This conclusion was further confirmed by the disappearance of Raman vibrational frequencies, characteristic of heme proteins, upon exposure of the cells to electron acceptors. Our experimental results from our AFM imaging and SERS spectroscopy, consistent with the literature, suggest the protruding nanoscale surface domains as heme-containing secretions. Our results on the distributions of redox proteins on microbial cell surfaces will be helpful for a mechanistic understanding of the behaviors of surface proteins and their interactions with redox environments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hplu@bgsu.edu RI Vasudevan, Biju/K-6879-2015 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1333 EP 1338 DI 10.1021/la061343z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 128UK UT WOS:000243684100061 PM 17241055 ER PT J AU Chen, B Miller, EM Miller, L Maikner, JJ Gross, RA AF Chen, Bo Miller, Elizabeth M. Miller, Lisa Maikner, John J. Gross, Richard A. TI Effects of macroporous resin size on Candida antarctica lipase B adsorption, fraction of active molecules, and catalytic activity for polyester synthesis SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; ENZYME; IMMOBILIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; SILICA; KINETICS; PROTEIN; BIOCATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM AB Methyl methacrylate resins with identical average pore diameter (250 A) and surface area (500 m(2)/g) but with varied particle size (35 to 560-710 mu m) were employed to study how immobilization resin particle size influences Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) loading, fraction of active sites, and catalytic properties for polyester synthesis. CALB adsorbed more rapidly on smaller beads. Saturation occurred in less than 30 s and 48 h for beads with diameters 35 and 560-710 mu m, respectively. Linearization of adsorption isotherm data by the Scatchard analysis showed for the 35 mu m resin that: (i) CALB loading at saturation was well below that required to form a monolayer and fully cover the support surface and (ii) CALB has a high affinity for this resin surface. Infrared microspectroscopy showed that CALB forms protein loading fronts for resins with particle sizes 560-710 and 120 mu m. In contrast, CALB appears evenly distributed throughout 35 mu m resins. By titration with p-nitrophenyl n-hexyl phosphate (MNPHP), the fraction of active CALB molecules adsorbed onto resins was < 50% which was not influenced by particle size. The fraction of active CALB molecules on the 35 mu m support increased from 30 to 43% as enzyme loading was increased from 0.9 to 5.7% (w/w) leading to increased activity for epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) ring-opening polymerization. At about 5% w/w CALB loading, by decreasing the immobilization support diameter from 560-710 to 120, 75, and 35 mu m, conversion of epsilon-CL % to polyester increased (20 to 36, 42, and 61%, respectively, at 80 min). Similar trends were observed for condensation polymerizations between 1,8-octanediol and adipic acid. C1 Polytech Univ, NSF I UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Rohm & Haas Co, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, NSF I UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM rgross@poly.edu NR 37 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1381 EP 1387 DI 10.1021/la062258u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 128UK UT WOS:000243684100068 PM 17241062 ER PT J AU Han, CY Willing, GA Xiao, ZL Wang, HH AF Han, Catherine Y. Willing, Gerold A. Xiao, Zhili Wang, H. Hau TI Control of the anodic aluminum oxide barrier layer opening process by wet chemical etching SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; POROUS ALUMINA; PULSED ELECTRODEPOSITION; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; PARTICLE-SIZE; TEMPLATE; DEPOSITION; MEMBRANES; FILMS; DIAMETER AB In this work, it has been shown that, through a highly controlled process, the chemical etching of the anodic aluminum oxide membrane barrier layer can be performed in such a way as to achieve nanometer-scale control of the pore opening. As the barrier layer is etched away, subtle differences revealed through AFM phase imaging in the alumina composition in the barrier layer give rise to a unique pattern of hexagonal walls surrounding each of the barrier layer domes. These nanostructures observed in both topography and phase images can be understood as differences in the oxalate anion contaminated alumina versus pure alumina. This information bears significant implication for catalysis, template synthesis, and chemical sensing applications. From the pore opening etching studies, the etching rate of the barrier layer (1.3 nm/min) is higher than that of the inner cell wall (0.93 nm/min), both of which are higher than the etching rate of pure alumina layer (0.5-0.17 nm/min). The established etching rates together with the etching temperature allow one to control the pore diameter systematically from 10 to 95 nm. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hau.wang@anl.gov NR 29 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1564 EP 1568 DI 10.1021/la060190c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 128UK UT WOS:000243684100094 PM 17241088 ER PT J AU Ivanov, I Tainer, JA McCammon, JA AF Ivanov, Ivaylo Tainer, John A. McCammon, J. Andrew TI Unraveling the three-metal-ion catalytic mechanism of the DNA repair enzyme endonuclease IV SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ab initio molecular dynamics; base excision repair ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ABASIC SITES; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; FREE-ENERGY; DENSITY; CHEMISTRY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CONSEQUENCES; SIMULATIONS; FLEXIBILITY AB Endonuclease IV belongs to a class of important apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases involved in DNA repair. Although a structure-based mechanistic hypothesis has been put forth for this enzyme, the detailed catalytic mechanism has remained unknown. Using thermodynamic integration in the context of ab initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics, we examined certain aspects of the phosphodiester cleavage step in the mechanism. We found the reaction proceeded through a synchronous bimolecular (A(N)D(N)) mechanism with reaction free energy and barrier of -3.5 and 20.6 kcal/mol, in agreement with experimental estimates. In the course of the reaction the trinuclear active site of endonuclease IV underwent dramatic local conformational changes: shifts in the mode of coordination of both substrate and first-shell ligands. This qualitative finding supports the notion that structural rearrangements in the active sites of multinuclear enzymes are integral to biological function. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ivanov, I (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM iivanov@mccammon.ucsd.edu RI Ivanov, Ivaylo/A-7613-2013 OI Ivanov, Ivaylo/0000-0002-5306-1005 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1470 DI 10.1073/pnas.0603468104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134KD UT WOS:000244081000007 PM 17242363 ER PT J AU Sobrino, JA Jimenez-Munoz, JC Balick, L Gillespie, AR Sabol, DA Gustafson, WT AF Sobrino, Jose A. Jimenez-Munoz, Juan C. Balick, Lee Gillespie, Alan R. Sabol, Donald A. Gustafson, William T. TI Accuracy of ASTER level-2 thermal-infrared standard products of an agricultural area in Spain SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTER; thermal-infrared; remote sensing; field campaigns; accuracy; land surface temperature; emissivity; TES ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EMISSIVITY AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) collects five-channel thermal-infrared images that are calibrated, corrected for atmospheric effects, and then converted to land surface temperature and emissivity products by the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. TES scales low- and high-contrast surfaces differently, and has been validated over water (low contrast) and rock (high contrast). Performance of TES over agricultural areas, however, has not been evaluated specifically. To address this issue, field measurements of "ground truth" were made over bare soil in addition to green grass, alfalfa and corn, at an agricultural research site in Spain during two coincident campaigns (SPectrA Barrax Campaign, or SPARC, and Exploitation of AnGular effects in Land surface, or EAGLE) during an ASTER overflight. Comparison of the ASTER Standard Products for land surface temperature (AST-08) and emissivity (AST-05) with ground measurements for the crops (corn and barley, plus grass) showed that accuracies of +/- 1.5 K and +/- 0.01, respectively, were achieved there. However, bare soil was assessed incorrectly by TES as having high emissivity contrast, leading to inaccurate scaling and low apparent emissivities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, Dept Thermodynam, Fac Phys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, WM Keck Remote Sensing Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sobrino, JA (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, Dept Thermodynam, Fac Phys, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM sobrino@uv.es RI Sobrino, Jose/M-1585-2014; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/K-2903-2015 OI Sobrino, Jose/0000-0003-3787-9373; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-7562-4895 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 129AT UT WOS:000243701500002 ER PT J AU Kelley, RL Mitsuda, K Allen, CA Arsenovic, P Audley, MD Bialas, TG Boyce, KR Boyle, RF Breon, SR Brown, GV Cottam, J DiPirro, MJ Fujmoto, R Furusho, T Gendreau, KC Gochar, GG Gonzalez, O Hirabayashi, M Holt, SS Inoue, H Ishida, M Ishisaki, Y Jones, CS Keski-Kuha, R Kilbourne, CA McCammon, D Morita, U Moseley, SH Mott, B Narasaki, K Ogawara, Y Ohashl, T Ota, N Panek, JS Porter, FS Serlemitsos, A Shirron, PJ Sneiderman, GA Szymkowiak, AE Takei, Y Tveekrem, JL Volz, SM Yamamoto, M Yamasaki, NY AF Kelley, Richard L. Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Allen, Christine A. Arsenovic, Petar Audley, Michael D. Bialas, Thomas G. Boyce, Kevin R. Boyle, Robert F. Breon, Susan R. Brown, Gregory V. Cottam, Jean DiPirro, Michael J. Fujmoto, Ryuichi Furusho, Tae Gendreau, Keith C. Gochar, Gene G. Gonzalez, Oscar Hirabayashi, Masayuki Holt, Stephen S. Inoue, Hajime Ishida, Manabu Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Jones, Carol S. Keski-Kuha, Ritva Kilbourne, Caroline A. McCammon, Dan Morita, Umeyo Moseley, S. Harvey Mott, Brent Narasaki, Katsuhiro Ogawara, Yoshiaki Ohashl, Takaya Ota, Naomi Panek, John S. Porter, F. Scott Serlemitsos, Aristides Shirron, Peter J. Sneiderman, Gary A. Szymkowiak, Andrew E. Takei, Yoh Tveekrem, June L. Volz, Stephen M. Yamamoto, Mikio Yamasaki, Noriko Y. TI The Suzaku high resolution X-ray Spectrometer SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : detectors; X-rays : general ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; ASTRO-E; MICROCALORIMETER ARRAYS; XRS MICROCALORIMETER; THERMAL DETECTORS; ONBOARD SUZAKU; XMM-NEWTON; PERFORMANCE; ASTROPHYSICS; SYSTEM AB The X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) has been designed to provide the Suzaku Observatory with non-dispersive, high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. As designed, the instrument covers the energy range 0.3 to 12 keV, which encompasses the most diagnostically rich part of the X-ray band. The sensor consists of a 32-channel array of X-ray microcalorimeters, each with an energy resolution of about 6 eV. The very low temperature required for operation of the array (60 mK) is provided by a four-stage cooling system containing a single-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, a superfluid-helium cryostat, a solid-neon dewar, and a single-stage, Stirling-cycle cooler. The Suzaku/XRS is the first orbiting X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer and was designed to last more than three years in orbit. The early verification phase of the mission demonstrated that the instrument worked properly and that the cryogen consumption rate was low enough to ensure a mission lifetime exceeding 3 years. However, the liquid-He cryogen was completely vaporized two weeks after opening the dewar guard vacuum vent. The problem has been traced to inadequate venting of the dewar He and Ne gases out of the spacecraft and into space. In this paper we present the design and ground testing of the XRS instrument, and then describe the in-flight performance. An energy resolution of 6 eV was achieved during pre-launch tests and a resolution of 7 eV was obtained in orbit. The slight degradation is due to the effects of cosmic rays. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd, Quantum Equipment Div, Niihama, Ehime 7920001, Japan. Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Miyazaki Univ, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Kelley, RL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.L.Kelley@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa/C-2649-2008; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 65 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S77 EP S112 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S77 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700006 ER PT J AU Kokubun, M Makishima, K Takahashi, T Murakami, T Tashiro, M Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Madejski, GM Nakazawa, K Yamaoka, K Terada, Y Yonetoku, D Watanabe, S Tamagawa, T Mizuno, T Kubota, A Isobe, N Takahashi, I Sato, G Takahashi, H Hong, S Kawaharada, M Kawano, N Mitani, T Murashima, M Suzuki, M Abe, K Miyawaki, R Ohno, M Tanaka, T Yanagida, T Itoh, T Ohnuki, K Tamura, K Endo, Y Hirakuri, S Hiruta, T Kitaguchi, T Kishishita, T Sugita, S Takahashi, T Takeda, S Enoto, T Hirasawa, A Katsuta, J Matsumura, S Onda, K Sato, M Ushio, M Ishikawa, SN Murase, K Odaka, H Suzuki, M Yaji, Y Yamada, S Yamasaki, T Yuasa, T AF Kokubun, Motohide Makishima, Kazuo Takahashi, Tadayuki Murakami, Toshio Tashiro, Makoto Fukazawa, Yasushi Kamae, Tuneyoshi Madejski, Greg M. Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Yamaoka, Kazutaka Terada, Yukikatsu Yonetoku, Daisuke Watanabe, Shin Tamagawa, Toru Mizuno, Tsunefumi Kubota, Aya Isobe, Naoki Takahashi, Isao Sato, Goro Takahashi, Hiromitsu Hong, Soojing Kawaharada, Madoka Kawano, Naomi Mitani, Takefumi Murashima, Mio Suzuki, Masaya Abe, Keiichi Miyawaki, Ryouhei Ohno, Masanori Tanaka, Takaaki Yanagida, Takayuki Itoh, Takeshi Ohnuki, Kousuke Tamura, Ken-ichi Endo, Yasuhiko Hirakuri, Shinya Hiruta, Tatsuro Kitaguchi, Takao Kishishita, Tetsuichi Sugita, Satoshi Takahashi, Takuya Takeda, Shin'ichiro Enoto, Teruaki Hirasawa, Ayumi Katsuta, Jun'ichiro Matsumura, Satoshi Onda, Kaori Sato, Mitsuhiro Ushio, Masayoshi Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke Murase, Koichi Odaka, Hirokazu Suzuki, Masanobu Yaji, Yuichi Yamada, Shinya Yamasaki, Tomonori Yuasa, Takayuki CA HXD team TI In-orbit performance of the hard X-ray Detector on board Suzaku SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : detectors; X-rays : general; X-rays : individual (Crab Nebula) ID TIMING-EXPLORER; CRAB PULSAR; HXD-II; ASTRONOMY; ASTRO-E2 AB The in-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board the X-ray astronomy satellite Suzaku are described. Its basic performances, including a wide energy bandpass of 10-600keV, energy resolutions of similar to 4 keV (FWHM) at 40 keV and similar to 11% at 511 keV, and a high background rejection efficiency, have been confirmed by extensive in-orbit calibrations. The long-term gains of PIN-Si diodes have been stable within 1% for half a year, and those of scintillators have decreased by 5-20%. The residual non-X-ray background of the HXD is the lowest among past non-imaging hard X-ray instruments in energy ranges of 15-70 and 150-500 keV. We provide accurate calibrations of energy responses, angular responses, timing accuracy of the HXD, and relative normalizations to the X-ray CCD cameras using multiple observations of the Crab Nebula. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. JAXA, ISAS, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kokubun, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM kokubun@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Yanagida, Takayuki/F-1814-2014 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Yanagida, Takayuki/0000-0002-4298-5886 NR 22 TC 262 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S53 EP S76 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S53 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700005 ER PT J AU Koyama, K Hyodo, Y Inui, T Nakajima, H Matsumoto, H Tsuru, TG Takahashi, T Maeda, Y Yamazaki, NY Murakami, H Yamauchi, S Tsuboi, Y Senda, A Kataoka, J Takahashi, H Holt, SS Brown, GV AF Koyama, Katsuji Hyodo, Yoshiaki Inui, Tatsuya Nakajima, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Hironori Tsuru, Takeshi Go Takahashi, Tadayuki Maeda, Yoshitomo Yamazaki, Noriko Y. Murakami, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Shigeo Tsuboi, Yohko Senda, Atsushi Kataoka, Jun Takahashi, Hiromitsu Holt, Stephen S. Brown, Gregory V. TI Iron and nickel line diagnostics for the Galactic Center diffuse emission SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : abundances; ISM : dust, extinction; X-ray spectra ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SAGITTARIUS-A-EAST; CENTER REGION; GAMMA-RAYS; B2 CLOUD; FE-XXV; CHANDRA; CATALOG; PLASMA; RIDGE AB We have observed the diffuse X-ray emission from the Galactic Center (GC) using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku. The high-energy resolution and the low-background orbit provided excellent spectra of the GC diffuse X-rays (GCDX). The XIS found many emission lines in the GCDX near the energy of K-shell transitions of iron and nickel. The most pronounced features are Fe I K alpha at 6.4 keV and K-shell absorption edge at 7.1 keV, which are from neutral and/or low ionization states of iron, and the K-shell lines at 6.7 keV and 6.9 keV from He-like (Fe XXV K alpha) and hydrogenic (Fe XXVI Ly alpha) ions of iron. In addition, K alpha lines from neutral or low ionization nickel (Ni I K alpha) and He-like nickel (Ni XXVII K alpha), Fe I K beta, Fe XXV K beta, Fe XXVI Ly beta, Fe XXV K gamma, and Fe XXVI Ly gamma were detected for the first time. The line center energies and widths of Fe XXV K alpha and Fe XXVI Ly alpha favor a collisional excitation plasma for the origin of the GCDX. The electron temperature determined from the line flux ratio of Fe XXV K alpha/Fe XXV K beta is similar to the ionization temperature determined from that of Fe XXV K alpha/Fe XXVI Ly alpha. Thus it would appear that the GCDX plasma is close to ionization equilibrium. The 6.7 keV flux and temperature distribution to the galactic longitude is smooth and monotonic, in contrast to the integrated point source flux distribution. These facts support the hypothesis that the GCDX is truly diffuse emission rather than the integration of the outputs of a large number of unresolved point sources. In addition, our results demonstrate that the chemical composition of Fe in the interstellar gas near the GC is constrained to be about 3.5 times solar abundance. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, PLAIN Ctr, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Iwate Univ, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Sch Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Olin Coll, Needham, MA 02492 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koyama, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM koyama@cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; hyodo@cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 35 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S245 EP S255 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S245 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700021 ER PT J AU Mitsuda, K Bautz, M Inoue, H Kelley, RL Koyama, K Kunieda, H Makshima, K Ogawara, Y Petre, R Takahashi, T Tsunemi, H White, NE Anabuki, N Angelini, L Arnaud, K Awaki, H Bamba, A Boyce, K Brown, GV Chan, KW Cottam, J Dotanli, T Doty, J Ebisawa, K Ezoe, Y Fabian, AC Figueroa, E Fujimoto, R Fukazawa, Y Furusho, T Furuzawa, A Gendreau, K Griffiths, RE Haba, Y Hamaguchi, K Harrus, I Hasinger, G Hatsukade, I Hayashida, K Henry, PJ Hiraga, JS Holt, SS Hornschemeier, A Hughes, JP Hwang, U Ishida, M Ishisaki, Y Isobe, N Itoh, M Iyomoto, N Kahn, SM Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Katayama, H Kawai, N Kilbourne, C Kinugasa, K Kissel, S Kitamoto, S Kohama, M Kohmura, T Kokubun, M Kotani, T Kotoku, J Kubota, A Madejski, GM Maeda, Y Makino, F Markowitz, A Matsumoto, C Matsumoto, H Matsuoka, M Matsushita, K McCammon, D Mihara, T Misaki, K Miyata, E Mizuno, T Mori, K Mori, H Morii, M Moseley, H Mukai, K Murakami, H Murakami, T Mushotzky, R Nagase, F Namiki, M Negoro, H Nakazawa, K Nousek, JA Okajima, T Ogasaka, Y Ohashi, T Oshima, T Ota, N Ozaki, M Ozawa, H Parmar, AN Pence, WD Porter, FS Reeves, JN Ricker, GR Sakurai, I Sanders, WT Senda, A Serlemitsos, P Shibata, R Soong, Y Smith, R Suzuki, M Szymkowiak, AE Takahashi, H Tamagawa, T Tamura, K Tamura, T Tanaka, Y Tashiro, M Tawara, Y Terada, Y Terashima, Y Tomida, H Torii, K Tsuboi, Y Tsujimoto, M Tsuru, TG Turner, MJL Ueda, Y Ueno, S Ueno, M Uno, S Urata, Y Watanabe, S Yamamoto, N Yamaoka, K Yamasaki, NY Yamashita, K Yamauchi, M Yamauchi, S Yaqoob, T Yonetoku, D Yoshida, A AF Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Bautz, Mark Inoue, Hajime Kelley, Richard L. Koyama, Katsuji Kunieda, Hideyo Makshima, Kazuo Ogawara, Yoshiaki Petre, Robert Takahashi, Tadayuki Tsunemi, Hiroshi White, Nicholas E. Anabuki, Naohisa Angelini, Lorella Arnaud, Keith Awaki, Hisamitsu Bamba, Aya Boyce, Kevin Brown, Gregory V. Chan, Kai-Wing Cottam, Jean Dotanli, Tadayasu Doty, John Ebisawa, Ken Ezoe, Yuichiro Fabian, Andrew C. Figueroa, Enectali Fujimoto, Ryuichi Fukazawa, Yasushi Furusho, Tae Furuzawa, Akihiro Gendreau, Keith Griffiths, Richard E. Haba, Yoshito Hamaguchi, Kenji Harrus, Ilana Hasinger, Gunther Hatsukade, Isamu Hayashida, Kiyoshi Henry, Patrick J. Hiraga, Junko S. Holt, Stephen S. Hornschemeier, Ann Hughes, John P. Hwang, Una Ishida, Manabu Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Isobe, Naoki Itoh, Masayuki Iyomoto, Naoko Kahn, Steven M. Kamae, Tuneyoshi Katagiri, Hideaki Kataoka, Jun Katayama, Haruyoshi Kawai, Nobuyuki Kilbourne, Caroline Kinugasa, Kenzo Kissel, Steve Kitamoto, Shunji Kohama, Mitsuhiro Kohmura, Takayoshi Kokubun, Motohide Kotani, Taro Kotoku, Jun'ichi Kubota, Aya Madejski, Greg M. Maeda, Yoshitomo Makino, Fumiyoshi Markowitz, Alex Matsumoto, Chiho Matsumoto, Hironori Matsuoka, Masaru Matsushita, Kyoko McCammon, Dan Mihara, Tatehiko Misaki, Kazutami Miyata, Emi Mizuno, Tsunefumi Mori, Koji Mori, Hideyuki Morii, Mikio Moseley, Harvey Mukai, Koji Murakami, Hiroshi Murakami, Toshio Mushotzky, Richard Nagase, Fumiaki Namiki, Masaaki Negoro, Hitoshi Nakazawa, Kazubiro Nousek, John A. Okajima, Takashi Ogasaka, Yasushi Ohashi, Takaya Oshima, Tai Ota, Naomi Ozaki, Masanobu Ozawa, Hideki Parmar, Arvind N. Pence, William D. Porter, F. Scott Reeves, James N. Ricker, George R. Sakurai, Ikuya Sanders, Wilton T. Senda, Atsushi Serlemitsos, Peter Shibata, Ryo Soong, Yang Smith, Randall Suzuki, Motoko Szymkowiak, Andrew E. Takahashi, Hiromitsu Tamagawa, Torn Tamura, Keisuke Tamura, Takayuki Tanaka, Yasuo Tashiro, Makoto Tawara, Yuzuru Terada, Yukikatsu Terashima, Yuichi Tomida, Hiroshi Torii, Ken'ichi Tsuboi, Yohko Tsujimoto, Masahiro Tsuru, Takeshi Go Turner, Martin J. L. Ueda, Yoshihiro Ueno, Shiro Ueno, Masaru Uno, Shin'ichiro Urata, Yuji Watanabe, Shin Yamamoto, Norimasa Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yamasaki, Noriko Y. Yamashita, Koujun Yamauchi, Makoto Yamauchi, Shigeo Yaqoob, Tahir Yonetoku, Daisuke Yoshida, Atsumasa TI The X-ray observatory Suzaku SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE instrumentation; space vehicles; space vehicles : instruments; X-rays : general ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; XMM-NEWTON AB High-sensitivity wide-band X-ray spectroscopy is the key feature of the Suzaku X-ray observatory, launched on 2005 July 10. This paper summarizes the spacecraft, in-orbit performance, operations, and data processing that are related to observations. The scientific instruments, the high-throughput X-ray telescopes, X-ray CCD cameras, non-imaging hard X-ray detector are also described. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Explorat Universe Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128551, Japan. Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. ESTEC, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Gunma Astron Observ, Gunma 3770702, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, ISS Sci Project Off, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Iwate Med Univ, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Morioka, Iwate 02085509, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Human Dev, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kougakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920015, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Psace Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterrestr, Garching, Germany. Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. NASA Head Quarter, Washington, DC USA. Nihon Fukushi Univ, Fac Social & Informat Sci, Aichi 4750012, Japan. Nihon Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1018308, Japan. Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA. FW Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Mitsuda, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa/C-2649-2008; White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Mihara, Tatehiro/C-5536-2017 OI Parmar, Arvind/0000-0002-3307-6517; White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Mihara, Tatehiro/0000-0002-6337-7943 NR 15 TC 677 Z9 678 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S1 EP S7 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700001 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Abe, K Endo, M Endo, Y Ezoe, Y Fukazawa, Y Hamaya, M Hirakuri, S Hong, S Horii, M Inoue, H Isobe, N Itoh, T Iyomoto, N Kamae, T Kasama, D Kataoka, J Kato, H Kawaharada, M Kawano, N Kawashima, K Kawasoe, S Kishishita, T Kitaguch, T Kobayashi, Y Kokubun, M Kotoku, J Kouda, M Kubota, A Kuroda, Y Madejski, G Makishima, K Masukama, K Matsumoto, Y Mitani, T Miyawaki, R Mizuno, T Mori, K Mori, M Murashima, M Murakami, T Nakazawa, K Niko, H Nomachi, M Okada, Y Ohno, M Oonuki, K Ota, N Ozawa, H Sato, G Shinoda, S Sugiho, M Suzuki, M Taguchi, K Takahashi, H Takahashi, I Takeda, S Tamura, K Tamura, T Tanaka, T Tanihata, C Tashiro, M Terada, Y Tominaga, S Uchiyama, Y Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yanagida, T Yonetoku, D AF Takahashi, Tadayuki Abe, Keiichi Endo, Manabu Endo, Yasuhiko Ezoe, Yuuichiro Fukazawa, Yasushi Hamaya, Masahito Hirakuri, Shinya Hong, Soojing Horii, Michihiro Inoue, Hokuto Isobe, Naoki Itoh, Takeshi Iyomoto, Naoko Kamae, Tuneyoshi Kasama, Daisuke Kataoka, Jun Kato, Hiroshi Kawaharada, Madoka Kawano, Naomi Kawashima, Kengo Kawasoe, Satoshi Kishishita, Tetsuichi Kitaguch, Takao Kobayashi, Yoshihito Kokubun, Motohide Kotoku, Jun'ichi Kouda, Manabu Kubota, Aya Kuroda, Yoshikatsu Madejski, Greg Makishima, Kazuo Masukama, Kazunori Matsumoto, Yukari Mitani, Takefumi Miyawaki, Ryohei Mizuno, Tsunefumi Mori, Kunishiro Mori, Masanori Murashima, Mio Murakami, Toshio Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Niko, Hisako Nomachi, Masaharu Okada, Yuu Ohno, Masanori Oonuki, Kousuke Ota, Naomi Ozawa, Hideki Sato, Goro Shinoda, Shingo Sugiho, Masahiko Suzuki, Masaya Taguchi, Koji Takahashi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Isao Takeda, Shin'ichiro Tamura, Ken-ichi Tamura, Takayuki Tanaka, Takaaki Tanihata, Chiharu Tashiro, Makoto Terada, Yukikatsu Tominaga, Shin'ya Uchiyama, Yasunobu Watanabe, Shin Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yanagida, Takayuki Yonetoku, Daisuke TI Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board Suzaku SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : detectors; X-rays : general ID PERFORMANCE; ASTRO-E2; COUNTERS; THICK; ORBIT AB The Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board Suzaku covers a wide energy range from 10 keV to 600 keV by the combination of silicon PIN diodes and GSO scintillators. The HXD is designed to achieve an extremely low in-orbit background based on a combination of new techniques, including the concept of a well-type active shield counter. With an effective area of 142 cm(2) at 20 keV and 273 cm(2) at 150 keV, the background level at sea level reached similar to 1 X 10(-5) cts s(-1) cm(-2) keV(-1) at 30 keV for the PIN diodes, and similar to 2 X 10(-5) cts s(-1) cm(-2) keV(-1) at 100 keV, and similar to 7 X 10(-6) cts s(-1) cm(-2) keV(-1) at 200 keV for the phoswich counter. Tight active shielding of the HXD results in a large array of guard counters surrounding the main detector parts. These anti-coincidence counters, made of similar to 4 cm thick BGO crystals, have a large effective area for sub-MeV to MeV gamma-rays. They work as an excellent gamma-ray burst monitor with limited angular resolution (similar to 5 degrees). The on-board signal-processing system and the data transmitted to the ground are also described. C1 JAXA, ISAS, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Co Ltd, Nagoya Guidance & Propuls Syst Work, Aichi 485856, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Meisei Elect Co Ltd, Gunma 3728585, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Clear Pulse Co Ltd, Tokyo 1430024, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Suita, Osaka 5600043, Japan. SSD Corp, Toride, Ibaraki 3020034, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), JAXA, ISAS, Dept High Energy Astrophys, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM takahasi@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Yanagida, Takayuki/F-1814-2014 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Yanagida, Takayuki/0000-0002-4298-5886 NR 29 TC 461 Z9 461 U1 4 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S35 EP S51 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S35 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700004 ER PT J AU Takei, Y Ohashi, T Henry, JP Mitsuda, K Fujimoto, R Tamura, T Yamasaki, NY Hayashida, K Tawa, N Matsushita, K Bautz, MW Hughes, JP Madejski, GM Kelley, RL Arnaud, KA AF Takei, Yoh Ohashi, Takaya Henry, J. Patrick Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Fujimoto, Ryuichi Tamura, Takayuki Yamasaki, Noriko Y. Hayashida, Kiyoshi Tawa, Noriaki Matsushita, Kyoko Bautz, Mark W. Hughes, John P. Madejski, Grzegorz M. Kelley, Richard L. Arnaud, Keith A. TI Search for oxygen emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium around a 2218 with Suzaku SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE cosmology : large-scale structure; galaxies : clusters : individual (A 2218); galaxies : intergalactic medium; X-rays : diffuse background ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; X-RAY FOREST; XMM-NEWTON; EXCESS EMISSION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COMA CLUSTER; CHANDRA; MARKARIAN-421; ABUNDANCES; DISCOVERY AB We searched for redshifted O emission lines from a possible warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) surrounding the cluster of galaxies A 2218 at z = 0.1756 using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) instrument on Suzaku. This cluster is thought to have an elongated structure along the line of sight based on previous studies. We studied systematic uncertainties in the spectrum of the Galactic emission and in the soft X-ray response of the detectors due to the contamination building up on the XIS filters. We detected no significant redshifted O lines, and set a tight constraint on the intensity with upper 2 limits for the surface brightness of O VII and O VIII lines of 1.1 x 10(-7) and 3.0 x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) arcmin(-2), respectively. These upper limits are significantly lower than the previously reported fluxes from the WHIM around other clusters of galaxies. We also discuss the prospect for detecting the WHIM lines with the Suzaku XIS in the future. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Osaka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astrophys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Takei, Y (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM takei@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa/C-2649-2008; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 59 SI 1 BP S339 EP S349 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.sp1.S339 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139ON UT WOS:000244441700028 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Hundley, MF Mihaila, B Smith, JL Opeil, CP Finlayson, TR Fisher, RA Hur, N AF Lashley, J. C. Hundley, M. F. Mihaila, B. Smith, J. L. Opeil, C. P. Finlayson, T. R. Fisher, R. A. Hur, N. TI Heat capacity in magnetic and electric fields near the ferroelectric transition in triglycine sulfate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; LOW-TEMPERATURES; TGS; CRYSTALS AB Specific-heat measurements are reported near the Curie temperature (T-C=320 K) on triglycine sulfate. Measurements were made on crystals whose surfaces were either nongrounded or short circuited, and were carried out in magnetic fields up to 9 T and electric fields up to 220 V/cm. In nongrounded crystals the authors find that the shape of the specific-heat anomaly near T-C is thermally broadened. However, the anomaly changes to the characteristic sharp lambda shape expected for a continuous transition with the application of either a magnetic field or an electric field. In crystals whose surfaces were short circuited with gold, the characteristic lambda shape appeared in the absence of an external field. This effect enabled a determination of the critical exponents above and below T-C, and may be understood on the basis that the surface charge originating from the pyroelectric coefficient, dP/dT, behaves as if shorted by external magnetic or electric fields. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM j.lash@lanl.gov RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814; NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052910 DI 10.1063/1.2435333 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300072 ER PT J AU Lorke, M Jahnke, F Chow, WW AF Lorke, M. Jahnke, F. Chow, W. W. TI Excitation dependences of gain and carrier-induced refractive index change in quantum-dot lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The excitation-density dependence of optical gain and refractive index changes in quantum-dot active media is investigated on the basis of a microscopic theory. Carrier-carrier Coulomb interaction and carrier-phonon interaction are treated on the level of a quantum-kinetic description. In the range of small optical gain the authors find small values of the alpha factor, while in the regime of gain saturation vertical bar alpha vertical bar increases drastically. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-28834 Bremen, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lorke, M (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-28834 Bremen, Germany. EM mlorke@itp.uni-bremen.de NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 051112 DI 10.1063/1.2437670 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300012 ER PT J AU Schweizer, S Henke, B Rogulis, U Yen, WM AF Schweizer, Stefan Henke, Bastian Rogulis, Uldis Yen, William M. TI Recombination processes in undoped and rare-earth doped MAl2O4 (M=Ca,Sr) persistent phosphors investigated by optically detected magnetic resonance SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; EU2+; DY3+; IONS AB The authors present magneto-optical measurements on single-crystal MAl2O4 (M=Ca and Sr) persistent phosphors that are nominally pure or doped with Eu and Nd or Dy, respectively. Their recombination luminescence (RL) and microwave-induced changes in the RL in a high magnetic field (RL-EPR) were investigated after ultraviolet excitation at low temperatures. Wavelength dependent RL-EPR measurements indicate that only one intrinsic donor but at least two different intrinsic acceptors are involved in the recombination process. The donor-acceptor recombination energy is either emitted directly (undoped samples) or almost completely transferred to the rare-earth activators (doped samples). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schweizer, S (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM schweizer@physik.upb.de RI Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; Rogulis, Uldis/M-8596-2014 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 051902 DI 10.1063/1.2437099 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300022 ER PT J AU Seamons, JA Tibbetts, DR Reno, JL Lilly, MP AF Seamons, J. A. Tibbetts, D. R. Reno, J. L. Lilly, M. P. TI Undoped electron-hole bilayers in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS/ALXGA1-XAS HETEROSTRUCTURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; FABRICATION; SYSTEMS; GASES; TRANSPORT; DEVICE; LAYERS AB The authors present the fabrication details of completely undoped electron-hole bilayer devices in a GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well heterostructure with a 30 nm barrier. These devices have independently tunable densities of the two-dimensional electron gas and two-dimensional hole gas. The authors report four-terminal transport measurements of the independently contacted electron and hole layers with balanced densities from 1.2x10(11) cm(-2) down to 4x10(10) cm(-2) at T=300 mK. The mobilities can exceed 1x10(6) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for electrons and 4x10(5) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for holes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seamons, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jaseamo@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052103 DI 10.1063/1.2437664 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300042 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Li, YL Schlom, DG Chen, LQ Zavaliche, F Ramesh, R Jia, QX AF Zhang, J. X. Li, Y. L. Schlom, D. G. Chen, L. Q. Zavaliche, F. Ramesh, R. Jia, Q. X. TI Phase-field model for epitaxial ferroelectric and magnetic nanocomposite thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIFERROIC BATIO3-COFE2O4 NANOSTRUCTURES; COUPLING INTERACTION; DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; COMPOSITES; BATIO3 AB A phase-field model was developed for studying the magnetoelectric coupling effect in epitaxial ferroelectric and magnetic nanocomposite thin films. The model can simultaneously take into account the ferroelectric and magnetic domain structures, the electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects, substrate constraint, as well as the long-range interactions such as magnetic, electric, and elastic interactions. As an example, the magnetic-field-induced electric polarization in BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite film was analyzed. The effects of the film thickness, morphology of the nanocomposite, and substrate constraint on the degree of magnetoelectric coupling were discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jzz108@psu.edu RI Zhang, Jingxian/B-2253-2010; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 27 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052909 DI 10.1063/1.2431574 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 132XX UT WOS:000243977300071 ER PT J AU Huang, KW Han, JH Musgrave, CB Fujita, E AF Huang, Kuo-Wei Han, Joseph H. Musgrave, Charles B. Fujita, Etsuko TI Carbon dioxide reduction by pincer rhodium eta(2)-dihydrogen complexes: Hydrogen-binding modes and mechanistic studies by density functional theory calculations SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM-CATALYZED HYDROGENATION; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; ORGANOMETALLIC REACTION-MECHANISMS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; C-H BOND; FORMIC-ACID; RUTHENIUM(II)-CATALYZED HYDROGENATION; HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the KMLYP method on a series of pincer PCP-rhodium dihydrogen complexes have been employed to model and examine the proposed mechanisms for the pincer PCP-rhodium complexes mediated hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative energies of dihydrogen rotamers and dihydride isomers were evaluated together with T-1 values to determine the molecular structures of these complexes. We have investigated possible pathways for the CO2 reduction processes involving the formation of rhodium dihydride species. Although the dihydrogen complexes are more stable than the corresponding dihydride isomers, the reduction of CO2 has to proceed through the dihydride structures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Huang, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hkw@bnl.gov; fujita@bnl.gov RI Huang, Kuo-Wei/H-2303-2011; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013 OI Huang, Kuo-Wei/0000-0003-1900-2658; NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JAN 29 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 508 EP 513 DI 10.1021/om060797o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 127HU UT WOS:000243577000010 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Gee, RH Bastea, S Fried, LE AF Maiti, Amitesh Gee, Richard H. Bastea, Sorin Fried, Laurence E. TI Phase separation in H2O : N-2 mixture: Molecular dynamics simulations using atomistic force fields SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DETONATION PROPERTIES; COMPASS; WATER; TEMPERATURE; EQUILIBRIA; VALIDATION; POTENTIALS; NITROGEN; PARAMETERIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS AB A class II atomistic force field with Lennard-Jones 6-9 nonbond interactions is used to investigate equations of state (EOS) for important high explosive detonation products N-2 and H2O in the temperature range of 700-2500 K and pressure range of 0.1-10 GPa. A standard sixth order parameter-mixing scheme is then employed to study a 2:1 (molar) H2O:N-2 mixture, to investigate, in particular, the possibility of phase separation under detonation conditions. The simulations demonstrate several important results, including (i) the accuracy of computed EOS for both N-2 and H2O over the entire range of temperature and pressure considered, (ii) accurate mixing-demixing phase boundary as compared to experimental data, and (iii) the departure of mixing free energy from that predicted by ideal mixing law. The results provide comparison and guidance to state-of-the-art chemical kinetic models. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maiti2@llnl.gov RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 4 AR 044510 DI 10.1063/1.2431171 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131SV UT WOS:000243891100039 PM 17286490 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Maccarone, AT Nimlos, MR Kato, S Bierbaum, VM Ellison, GB Ruscic, B Simmonett, AC Allen, WD Schaefer, HF AF Zhang, Xu Maccarone, Alan T. Nimlos, Mark R. Kato, Shuji Bierbaum, Veronica M. Ellison, G. Barney Ruscic, Branko Simmonett, Andrew C. Allen, Wesley D. Schaefer, Henry F., III TI Unimolecular thermal fragmentation of ortho-benzyne SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CONNECTED TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; SHELL HARTREE-FOCK AB The ortho-benzyne diradical, o-C6H4 has been produced with a supersonic nozzle and its subsequent thermal decomposition has been studied. As the temperature of the nozzle is increased, the benzyne molecule fragments: o-C6H4+Delta -> products. The thermal dissociation products were identified by three experimental methods: (i) time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry, (ii) matrix-isolation Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, and (iii) chemical ionization mass spectrometry. At the threshold dissociation temperature, o-benzyne cleanly decomposes into acetylene and diacetylene via an apparent retro-Diels-Alder process: o-C6H4+Delta -> HC CH+HC C-C CH. The experimental Delta H-rxn(298)(o-C6H4 -> HC CH+HC C-C CH) is found to be 57 +/- 3 kcal mol(-1). Further experiments with the substituted benzyne, 3,6-(CH3)(2)-o-C6H2, are consistent with a retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. But at higher nozzle temperatures, the cracking pattern becomes more complicated. To interpret these experiments, the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation of o-benzyne has been investigated by rigorous ab initio electronic structure computations. These calculations used basis sets as large as [C(7s6p5d4f3g2h1i)/H(6s5p4d3f2g1h)] (cc-pV6Z) and electron correlation treatments as extensive as full coupled cluster through triple excitations (CCSDT), in cases with a perturbative term for connected quadruples [CCSDT(Q)]. Focal point extrapolations of the computational data yield a 0 K barrier for the concerted, C-2v-symmetric decomposition of o-benzyne, E-b(o-C6H4 -> HC CH+HC C-C CH)=88.0 +/- 0.5 kcal mol(-1). A barrier of this magnitude is consistent with the experimental results. A careful assessment of the thermochemistry for the high temperature fragmentation of benzene is presented: C6H6 -> H+[C6H5]-> H+[o-C6H4]-> HC CH+HC C-C CH. Benzyne may be an important intermediate in the thermal decomposition of many alkylbenzenes (arenes). High engine temperatures above 1500 K may crack these alkylbenzenes to a mixture of alkyl radicals and phenyl radicals. The phenyl radicals will then dissociate first to benzyne and then to acetylene and diacetylene. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM xu.zhang@colorado.edu; alan.maccarone@colorado.edu; mark_nimlos@nrel.gov; shuji.kato@colorado.edu; veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu; barney@jila.colorado.edu; ruscic@anl.gov; andysim@ccc.uga.edu; wdallen@ccqc.uga.edu; hfs@uga.edu RI Allen, Wesley/C-9867-2010; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Allen, Wesley/0000-0002-4288-2297; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 151 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 4 AR 044312 DI 10.1063/1.2409927 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131SV UT WOS:000243891100024 PM 17286475 ER PT J AU Li, L Peters, CA Celia, MA AF Li, L. Peters, C. A. Celia, M. A. TI Effects of mineral spatial distribution on reaction rates in porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; TO-VOLUME RATIO; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; KAOLINITE DISSOLUTION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW AB [1] This study examined the effects of variations in mineral spatial distributions on reaction rates in porous media. Pore-scale network models were constructed to represent sandstones with anorthite and kaolinite present in various amounts and in different spatial patterns. Simulation conditions corresponded to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide. To examine scaling effects arising from pore-scale heterogeneities, reaction rates from network models were compared to rates from continuum models that use uniform concentrations. With small percentages of reactive minerals the scaling effects are large, and the effect of spatial distribution is significant. Scaling effects are largest when reactive minerals are closely clustered and oriented parallel to flow. Conversely, spatial distributions that enhance mass transport to and from reactive minerals, such as small mineral clusters or elongated clusters oriented transverse to flow, result in reaction rates that are well represented by the continuum model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lili@lbl.gov; cap@princeton.edu; celia@princeton.edu RI Peters, Catherine/B-5381-2013; Li, Li/A-6077-2008 OI Peters, Catherine/0000-0003-2418-795X; Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710 NR 79 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 27 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 AR W01419 DI 10.1029/2005WR004848 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 131OM UT WOS:000243879000001 ER PT J AU Jakoncic, J Jouanneau, Y Meyer, C Stojanoff, V AF Jakoncic, Jean Jouanneau, Yves Meyer, Christine Stojanoff, Vivian TI The catalytic pocket of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dioxygenase; catalytic domain; mononuclear iron; bioremediation; high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TERMINAL OXYGENASE COMPONENT; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS; MOLSCRIPT; PROGRAM; STRAIN AB Ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases are multicomponent bacterial enzymes that catalyze the first step in the oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1 is unique in that it can oxidize a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). With a crystal structure similar to that of the seven other known dioxygenases, its catalytic domain features the largest hydrophobic substrate binding cavity characterized so far. Molecular modeling studies indicated that the catalytic cavity is large enough to accommodate a five-ring benzo[a]pyrene molecule. The predicted positions of this and other PAHs in the substrate binding pocket are consistent with the product regio- and stereo-selectivity of the enzyme. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CEA Grenoble, Lab Biochim & Biophys Syst Inegres, CEA DSV DSDC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. CEA Grenoble, CNRS, UMR 5092, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Stojanoff, V (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vivian.stojanoff@gmail.com RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [Y01 GM000080] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 352 IS 4 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.117 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 123SX UT WOS:000243317100006 PM 17157819 ER PT J AU Yaswen, P Campisi, J AF Yaswen, Paul Campisi, Judith TI Oncogene-induced senescence pathways weave an intricate tapestry SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material AB The induction of cellular senescence by activated oncogenes acts as a barrier to cell transformation. Now, Sun et al. (2007) identify a key component of a senescence pathway that prevents tumorigenesis in a mouse model of skin cancer. They show that the p38-regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK) induces senescence downstream of oncogenic Ras by directly phosphorylating and activating the tumor-suppressor protein p53. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yaswen@lbl.gov; jcampisi@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 128 IS 2 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.005 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 139GO UT WOS:000244420500006 PM 17254959 ER PT J AU Koropatkin, NM Koppenaal, DW Pakrasi, HB Smith, TJ AF Koropatkin, Nicole M. Koppenaal, David W. Pakrasi, Himadri B. Smith, Thomas J. TI The structure of a cyanobacterial bicarbonate transport protein, CmpA SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-LIGAND INTERACTIONS; STRAIN PCC 7942; BINDING-PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; SPECIFICITY; SUPERFAMILY; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; RECEPTOR AB Cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, are the most abundant autotrophs in aquatic environments and form the base of the food chain by fixing carbon and nitrogen into cellular biomass. To compensate for the low selectivity of Rubisco for CO2 over O-2, cyanobacteria have developed highly efficient CO2-concentrating machinery of which the ABC transport system CmpABCD from Synechocystis PCC 6803 is one component. Here, we have described the structure of the bicarbonatebinding protein CmpA in the absence and presence of bicarbonate and carbonic acid. CmpA is highly homologous to the nitrate transport protein NrtA. CmpA binds carbonic acid at the entrance to the ligand-binding pocket, whereas bicarbonate binds in nearly an identical location compared with nitrate binding to NrtA. Unexpectedly, bicarbonate binding is accompanied by a metal ion, identified as Ca2+ via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The binding of bicarbonate and metal appears to be highly cooperative and suggests that CmpA may co-transport bicarbonate and calcium or that calcium acts a cofactor in bicarbonate transport. C1 Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Smith, TJ (reprint author), Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM tsmith@danforthcenter.org RI Smith, Thomas/K-9086-2013 OI Smith, Thomas/0000-0003-3528-6793 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM078800] NR 32 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 4 BP 2606 EP 2614 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610222200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 127NM UT WOS:000243593200053 PM 17121816 ER PT J AU Tobias, DE Perlinger, JA Morrow, PS Doskey, PV Perram, DL AF Tobias, David E. Perlinger, Judith A. Morrow, Patrick S. Doskey, Paul V. Perram, David L. TI Direct thermal desorption of semivolatile organic compounds from diffusion denuders and gas chromatographic analysis for trace concentration measurement SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE air analysis; diffusion denuder; thermal desorption; stopped flow analysis; water removal; preconcentration ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TEFLON MEMBRANE FILTERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; COMPOUNDS SOCS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; AIR FILTERS; HIGH-VOLUME; EXCHANGE AB A novel method for collection and analysis of vapor-phase semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in ambient airis presented. The method utilizes thermal desorption of SOCs trapped in diffusion denuders coupled with cryogenic preconcentration on Tenax-TA and analysis by high resolution gas chromatography (GC)-electron-capture detection (ECD). The sampling and analysis methods employ custom-fabricated multicapillary diffusion denuders, a hot gas spike (FIGS) apparatus to load known quantities of thermally stable standards into diffusion denuders prior to sample collection, a custom-fabricated oven to thermally desorb SOCs from the diffusion denuder, and a programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) inlet containing a liner packed with Tenax-TA for effective preconcentration of the analytes and water management. High flow rates into the PTV inlet of 750 mL min(-1) during thermal desorption are ca. a factor of ten greater than typically used. To improve resolution and retention time stability, the thermal desorption and PTV inlet programming procedure includes three steps to prevent water from entering the analytic column while effectively transferring the analytes into the GC system. The instrumentation and procedures provide virtually complete and consistent transfer of analytes collected from ambient air into the GC evidenced by recovery of seven replicates of four internal standards of 90.7 +/- 4.0-120 +/- 23% (mean 95% confidence interval, Cl). Retention time based compound identification is facilitated by low retention time variability with an average 95% Cl of 0.024 min for sixteen replicates of eight standards. Procedure details and performance metrics as well as ambient sampling results are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Perlinger, JA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jperl@mtu.edu NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 1140 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.045 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 132OY UT WOS:000243953300001 PM 17150222 ER PT J AU Geiser, L Eeltink, S Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Geiser, Laurent Eeltink, Sebastiaan Svec, Frantisek Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Stability and repeatability of capillary columns based on porous monoliths of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE nanoHPLC; monolithic columns; column technology; capillary; mass spectrometry; proteins; repeatability; reproducibility; validation ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; SEPARATION MEDIUM; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; POLY(STYRENE-CO-DIVINYLBENZENE); PROTEOMICS; HPLC; ROD AB Monolithic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns have been prepared via either thermally or photochemically initiated polymerization of the corresponding monomers and the repeatability of their preparation has been explored. Three separate batches of 5 columns each were prepared using thermal and photochemical initiation for a total of 30 columns. All 30 capillary columns were tested in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry mode for the separation of a model mixture of three proteins-ribonuclease A, cytochrome c and myoglobin. Excellent repeatability of retention times was observed for the proteins as evidenced by relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 1.5%. Somewhat broader variations with RSD values of up to 10% were observed for the pressure drop in the columns. The stability of retention times was also monitored using a single monolithic column and no significant shifts in either retention times or back pressure was observed in a series of almost 2200 consecutive protein separations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44885, R01 GM044885, R01 GM048364-16] NR 34 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 1140 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.079 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 132OY UT WOS:000243953300019 PM 17182044 ER PT J AU Rybin, AV Vadeiko, IP Bishop, AR AF Rybin, Andrei V. Vadeiko, Ilya P. Bishop, Alan R. TI Slow-light solitons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC MEDIUM; PULSES; SYSTEM; PROPAGATION; STORAGE; VAPOR; GAS AB We investigate propagation of slow-light solitons in atomic media described by the nonlinear Lambda-model. Under a physical assumption, appropriate to the slow light propagation, we reduce the Lambda-scheme to a simplified nonlinear model, which is also relevant to 2D dilatonic gravity. Exact solutions describing various regimes of stopping slow-light solitons can then be readily derived. C1 St Petersburg Informat Technol Mech & Opt, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rybin, AV (reprint author), St Petersburg Informat Technol Mech & Opt, Kronwerksii Ave 49, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. EM andrei.rybin@phys.jyu.fi; vadeiko@gmail.com; arb@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP F135 EP F141 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/4/F04 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 146XA UT WOS:000244966800004 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ de la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M McCarthy, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otec, R Garzon, GJOU Owen, M Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, K Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Agelou, M. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Black, K. M. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Blumenschein, U. Boehnlein, A. Boeriu, O. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Coppage, D. Corcoran, M. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Das, M. Davies, B. Davies, G. Davis, G. A. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. de la Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Demine, P. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Edwards, T. Ellison, J. Elmsheuser, J. Elvira, V. D. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Fatakia, S. N. Feligioni, L. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fleck, I. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gardner, J. Gavrilov, V. Gay, A. Gay, P. Gele, D. Gelhaus, R. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hansson, P. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Kozminski, J. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Le Bihan, A. -C. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, Q. Z. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. 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Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Experimental discrimination between charge 2e/3 top quark and charge 4e/3 exotic quark production scenarios SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; PLUS JETS EVENTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We present the first experimental discrimination between the 2e/3 and 4e/3 top quark electric charge scenarios, using top quark pairs (t (t) over bar) produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s =1.96 TeV by the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We use 370 pb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment and select events with at least one high transverse momentum electron or muon, high transverse energy imbalance, and four or more jets. We discriminate between b- and (b) over bar -quark jets by using the charge and momenta of tracks within the jet cones. The data are consistent with the expected electric charge, |q|=2e/3. We exclude, at the 92% C.L., that the sample is solely due to the production of exotic quark pairs Q (Q) over bar with |q|=4e/3. We place an upper limit on the fraction of Q (Q) over bar pairs rho < 0.80 at the 90% C.L. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. LAFEX, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Part Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Part Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Blaise Pascal, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, Marseille, France. CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF H, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Imperial Coll, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012 OI Melnychuk, Oleksandr/0000-0002-2089-8685; Bassler, Ursula/0000-0002-9041-3057; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Naumann, Axel/0000-0002-4725-0766; Fatakia, Sarosh/0000-0003-0430-3191; Bertram, Iain/0000-0003-4073-4941; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031; Strovink, Mark/0000-0001-7020-7769; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 AR 041801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.041801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 130HD UT WOS:000243789700012 ER PT J AU Cingoz, A Lapierre, A Nguyen, AT Leefer, N Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Torgerson, JR AF Cingoz, A. Lapierre, A. Nguyen, A. -T. Leefer, N. Budker, D. Lamoreaux, S. K. Torgerson, J. R. TI Limit on the temporal variation of the fine-structure constant using atomic dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME VARIATION; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AB Over 8 months, we monitored transition frequencies between nearly degenerate, opposite-parity levels in two isotopes of atomic dysprosium (Dy). These frequencies are sensitive to variation of the fine-structure constant (alpha) due to relativistic corrections of opposite sign for the opposite-parity levels. In this unique system, in contrast to atomic-clock comparisons, the difference of the electronic energies of the opposite-parity levels can be monitored directly utilizing a rf electric-dipole transition between them. Our measurements show that the frequency variation of the 3.1-MHz transition in Dy-163 and the 235-MHz transition in Dy-162 are 9.0 +/- 6.7 Hz/yr and -0.6 +/- 6.5 Hz/yr, respectively. These results provide a rate of fractional variation of alpha of (-2.7 +/- 2.6)x10(-15) yr(-1) (1 sigma) without assumptions on constancy of other fundamental constants, indicating absence of significant variation at the present level of sensitivity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cingoz, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Leefer, Nathan/0000-0002-4940-8432; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 25 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 AR 040801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.040801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 130HD UT WOS:000243789700008 PM 17358752 ER PT J AU Giustino, F Yates, JR Souza, I Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Giustino, Feliciano Yates, Jonathan R. Souza, Ivo Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Electron-phonon interaction via electronic and lattice wannier functions: Superconductivity in boron-doped diamond reexamined SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SYSTEMS AB We present a first-principles technique for investigating the electron-phonon interaction with millions of k points in the Brillouin zone, which exploits the spatial localization of electronic and lattice Wannier functions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by elucidating the phonon mechanism responsible for superconductivity in boron-doped diamond. Our calculated phonon self-energy and Eliashberg spectral function show that superconductivity cannot be explained without taking into account the finite-wave-vector Fourier components of the vibrational modes introduced by boron, as well as the breaking of the diamond crystal periodicity induced by doping. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Giustino, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yates, Jonathan/E-7339-2010; Giustino, Feliciano/F-6343-2013; OI Giustino, Feliciano/0000-0001-9293-1176 NR 25 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 AR 047005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.047005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 130HD UT WOS:000243789700058 PM 17358802 ER PT J AU Lany, S Zunger, A AF Lany, Stephan Zunger, Alex TI Dopability, intrinsic conductivity, and nonstoichiometry of transparent conducting oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; IN2O3; ZNO; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; VACANCIES; HYDROGEN AB Existing defect models for In2O3 and ZnO are inconclusive about the origin of conductivity, nonstoichiometry, and coloration. We apply systematic corrections to first-principles calculated formation energies Delta H, and validate our theoretical defect model against measured defect and carrier densities. We find that (i) intrinsic acceptors ("electron killers") have a high Delta H explaining high n-dopability, (ii) intrinsic donors ("electron producers") have either a high Delta H or deep levels, and do not cause equilibrium-stable conductivity, (iii) the O vacancy V-O has a low Delta H leading to O deficiency, and (iv) V-O has a metastable shallow state, explaining the paradoxical coexistence of coloration and conductivity. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 NR 37 TC 357 Z9 357 U1 18 U2 149 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 AR 045501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.045501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 130HD UT WOS:000243789700040 PM 17358784 ER PT J AU Streit, S Gutt, C Chamard, V Robert, A Sprung, M Sternemann, H Tolan, M AF Streit, S. Gutt, C. Chamard, V. Robert, A. Sprung, M. Sternemann, H. Tolan, M. TI Two-dimensional dynamics of metal nanoparticles on the surface of thin polymer films studied with coherent X rays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; SCATTERING; NANOCLUSTERS; GELS AB X-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy is used to measure the dynamic structure factor f(q,tau) of gold particles moving on the surface of thin polymer films. Above the glass transition of the polymer the peculiar form f(q,tau)similar to exp[-(Gamma tau)(alpha)] is found with 0.7 100 GeV) can impose tight constraints on some GRB emission models. Many GRB afterglow models predict a VHE component similar to that seen in blazars and plerions, in which the GRB spectral energy distribution has a double-peaked shape extending into the VHE regime. VHE emission coincident with delayed X-ray flare emission has also been predicted. GRB follow-up observations have had high priority in the observing program at the Whipple 10 m gamma-ray telescope, and GRBs will continue to be high-priority targets as the next-generation observatory, VERITAS, comes online. Upper limits on the VHE emission at late times (> similar to 4 hr) from seven GRBs observed with the Whipple Telescope are reported here. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Tanta Univ, Dept Phys, Tanta, Egypt. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Horan, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 1 BP 396 EP 405 DI 10.1086/509567 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JN UT WOS:000243725400031 ER PT J AU Vukmirovic, MB Zhang, J Sasaki, K Nilekar, AU Uribe, F Mavrikakis, M Adzic, RR AF Vukmirovic, M. B. Zhang, J. Sasaki, K. Nilekar, A. U. Uribe, F. Mavrikakis, M. Adzic, R. R. TI Platinum monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Gerischer Symposium on Electrocatalysis - Theory and Experiment CY JUL, 2005 CL Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell, Berlin, GERMANY HO Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell DE oxygen reduction reaction; platinum monolayer; fuel cells; electrocatalysis; oxygen cathode ID METAL; SURFACES AB We have synthesized a new class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, consisting of a monolayer of Pt or mixed monolayer of Pt and another late transition metal (Au, Pd, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re or Os) deposited on a Pd(l 1 1) single crystal or on carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles. Several of these electrocatalysts exhibited very high activity, amounting to 20-fold increase in a Pt mass activity, compared with conventional all-Pt electrocatalysts. Their superior activity reflects a low OH coverage on Pt, caused by the lateral repulsion between the OH adsorbed on Pt and the OH or 0 adsorbed on neighboring, other than Pt, late transition metal atoms. The origin of this effect was identified through a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, employing electrochemical techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and periodic, self-consistent density functional theory calculations. This new class of electrocatalysts promises to alleviate some major problems of existing fuel cell technology by simultaneously decreasing materials cost and enhancing performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov RI Nilekar, Anand/B-3325-2008; Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012 OI Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356 NR 12 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 10 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2257 EP 2263 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.062 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 133PB UT WOS:000244023700006 ER PT J AU Blizanac, BB Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Blizanac, B. B. Ross, P. N. Markovic, N. M. TI Oxygen electroreduction on Ag(111): The pH effect SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Gerischer Symposium on Electrocatalysis - Theory and Experiment CY JUL, 2005 CL Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell, Berlin, GERMANY HO Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell DE rotating ring disk method; oxygen reduction reaction; reversible hydrogen electrode; Ag(111); pH effect ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; DOUBLE-LAYER; 111 FACE; SILVER; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; ELECTRODES AB The rotating ring disk method (RRDE) is applied to investigate the pH effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Ag(1 1 1) single crystal surface in 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M HClO4. In 0.1 M KOH, the ORR proceeds through 4e(-) reaction pathway with a very small (0.5-2.5%) peroxide formation in the entire potential range. In 0.1 M HClO4 the onset potential for the ORR is shifted for ca. 400 mV toward the higher overpotentials compared to the 0.1 M KOH solution. At the low overpotentials, in 0.1 M HClO4 the ORR proceeds entirely as a 2e(-) process, i.e, 100% H2O2 formation. At higher overpotentials, the initial mixed a 2e(-) and 4e(-) reduction is followed by the potential region where the ORR proceeds entirely as a 4e(-) process, with H2O formation as a final product. The pH dependent shift in the onset of the ORR as well as the reaction pathway has been explained based on both: a thermodynamic analysis of pH independent rate determining step, and on the pH dependent change in availability of surface active sites and adsorption energies of molecular oxygen and reaction intermediates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Blizanac, BB (reprint author), Cabot Super MicroPowders, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM berislav_blizanac@cabot-corp.com; nmmarkovic@anl.gov NR 18 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 16 U2 126 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2264 EP 2271 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.06.047 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 133PB UT WOS:000244023700007 ER PT J AU Spitler, MT AF Spitler, Mark T. TI Effect of nanometer-sized surface morphology upon electrochemical kinetics SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Gerischer Symposium on Electrocatalysis - Theory and Experiment CY JUL, 2005 CL Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell, Berlin, GERMANY HO Harnack-Haus Max-Planck Gesell DE nanoparticle; image charge; electrocatalysis; dielectric inhomogeneity ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FREE-ENERGY; REORGANIZATION ENERGY; NONEQUILIBRIUM POLARIZATION; LIQUID INTERFACES; ELECTROSTATICS; CHARGE; STATES AB Model calculations for the electrochemical kinetics of outer sphere electron transfer between redox ions and semiconductor and metal solids show that reaction rates can be strongly influenced by surface morphology and the dimension of this surface roughness relative to the size of the reactant. Employing spheres of nanometer dimension to model surface roughness at these surfaces, the rates of electron transfer reactions are calculated using electron transfer theory based on the assumption of a dielectric continuum. It is shown that the magnitude of the image charge induced by the reactant is influenced by the geometry of the environment about it, which can accelerate or decelerate kinetics for electron transfer by orders of magnitude. This simple approach serves to identify specific surface morphologies that merit further study. Its limitations are examined and the extent to which it may be extended to inner sphere electron transfer reactions is discussed. The results of this work imply that evaluation of electrocatalytic effects at surfaces must include an analysis of morphological effects upon electrochemical kinetics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Spitler, MT (reprint author), Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2294 EP 2301 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.065 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 133PB UT WOS:000244023700011 ER PT J AU Chance, MS Turnbull, AD Snyder, PB AF Chance, M. S. Turnbull, A. D. Snyder, P. B. TI Calculation of the vacuum Green's function valid even for high toroidal mode numbers in tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tokamak vacuum Green's function; Legendre function; integral representation; recursion relation ID ERATO AB The present evaluation of the Green's function used for the magnetic scalar potential in vacuum calculations for axisymmetric geometry has been found to be deficient even for moderately high, n, the toroidal mode number. This is relevant to the edge localized peeling-ballooning modes calculated by GATO, PEST and other MHD stability codes. The deficiency was due to the loss of numerical precision arising from the upward recursion relation used for generating the functions from the values at n = 0 from the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds. To ameliorate this, a direct integration of the integral representation of the function is crafted to achieve the necessary high accuracy for moderately high mode numbers, with due consideration to the singular behavior of the integrand involved. At higher mode numbers the loss of numerical precision due to cancellations from the oscillatory behavior of the integrand is further avoided by judiciously deforming the integration contour into the complex plane to obtain a new integral representation for the Green's function. Near machine precision, roughly 12-16 digits, can be achieved by using a combination of these techniques. The relation to the associated Legendre functions, as well as a novel integral representation of these are also described. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Theory Dept, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Chance, MS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Theory Dept, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM chance@pppl.gov; turnbull@fusion.gat.com; snyder@fusion.gat.com NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 221 IS 1 BP 330 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.06.025 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 137VP UT WOS:000244321000017 ER PT J AU Gu, LH Meyers, T Pallardy, SG Hanson, PJ Yang, B Heuer, M Hosman, KP Liu, Q Riggs, JS Sluss, D Wullschleger, SD AF Gu, Lianhong Meyers, Tilden Pallardy, Stephen G. Hanson, Paul J. Yang, Bai Heuer, Mark Hosman, Kevin P. Liu, Qing Riggs, Jeffery S. Sluss, Dan Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Influences of biomass heat and biochemical energy storages on the land surface fluxes and radiative temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; BALANCE; FOREST; MODEL; MECHANISMS; VEGETATION; MISSOURI; FLUXNET; CLIMATE; RANGE AB The interest of this study was to develop an initial assessment on the potential importance of biomass heat and biochemical energy storages for land-atmosphere interactions, an issue that has been largely neglected so far. We conducted flux tower observations and model simulations at a temperate deciduous forest site in central Missouri in the summer of 2004. The model used was the comprehensive terrestrial ecosystem Fluxes and Pools Integrated Simulator (FAPIS). We first examined FAPIS performance by testing its predictions with and without the representation of biomass energy storages against measurements of surface energy and CO2 fluxes. We then evaluated the magnitudes and temporal patterns of the biomass energy storages calculated by FAPIS. Finally, the effects of biomass energy storages on land-atmosphere exchanges of sensible and latent heat fluxes and variations of land surface radiative temperature were investigated by contrasting FAPIS simulations with and without these storage terms. We found that with the representation of the two biomass energy storage terms, FAPIS predictions agreed with flux tower measurements fairly well; without the representation, however, FAPIS performance deteriorated for all predicted surface energy flux terms although the effect on the predicted CO2 flux was minimal. In addition, we found that the biomass heat storage and biochemical energy storage had clear diurnal patterns with typical ranges from -50 to 50 and -3 to 20 W m(-2), respectively; these typical ranges were exceeded substantially when there were sudden changes in atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, FAPIS simulations without the energy storages produced larger sensible and latent heat fluxes during the day but smaller fluxes (more negative values) at night as compared with simulations with the energy storages. Similarly, without-storage simulations had higher surface radiative temperature during the day but lower radiative temperature at night, indicating that the biomass energy storages act to dampen the diurnal temperature range. From these simulation results, we concluded that biomass heat and biochemical energy storages are an integral and substantial part of the surface energy budget and play a role in modulating land surface temperatures and must be considered in studies of land-atmosphere interactions and climate modeling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus D, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA. RP Gu, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM lianhong-gu@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D2 AR D02107 DI 10.1029/2006JD007425 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 131DY UT WOS:000243849600004 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV Jelinsky, P Millaud, JE Weiss, S AF Michalet, X. Siegmund, O. H. W. Vallerga, J. V. Jelinsky, P. Millaud, J. E. Weiss, S. TI Detectors for single-molecule fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Review ID MICROCHANNEL PLATE DETECTORS; PHOTON-COUNTING DETECTOR; INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTOR; ANODE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE; RESISTIVE-ANODE; LIVE CELLS; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; ILLUMINATION MICROSCOPY; DIFFUSING BIOMOLECULES AB Single-molecule observation, characterization and manipulation techniques have recently come to the forefront of several research domains spanning chemistry, biology and physics. Due to the exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and unmasking of ensemble averaging, single-molecule fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy have become, in a short period of time, important tools in cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics. These methods led to new ways of thinking about biological processes such as viral infection, receptor diffusion and oligomerization, cellular signaling, protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions, and molecular machines. Such achievements require a combination of several factors to be met, among which detector sensitivity and bandwidth are crucial. Here, the necessary performance of photodetectors used in these types of experiments, the current state of the art for different categories of detectors, and actual and future developments of single-photon counting detectors for single-molecule imaging and spectroscopy, are investigated. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Michalet, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 607 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM michalet@chem.ucla.edu RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R43 RR017474, R44 RR017474]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000312, R01 EB006353, R01 EB006353-02] NR 160 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JAN 20 PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2-3 BP 239 EP 281 DI 10.1080/09500340600769067 PG 43 WC Optics SC Optics GA 138UD UT WOS:000244387900009 PM 20157633 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Easter, RC AF Ghan, S. J. Easter, R. C. TI Impact of cloud-borne aerosol representation on aerosol direct and indirect effects (vol 6, pg 4163, 2006) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 7 BP 293 EP 294 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129RO UT WOS:000243747500001 ER PT J AU Barwe, SP Kim, S Rajasekaran, SA Bowie, JU Rajasekaran, AK AF Barwe, Sonali P. Kim, Sanguk Rajasekaran, Sigrid A. Bowie, James U. Rajasekaran, Ayyappan K. TI Janus model of the Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit transmembrane domain: Distinct faces mediate alpha/beta assembly and beta-beta homo-oligomerization SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmembrane domain; heptad repeat motif; GxxxG; glycine zipper; Na,K-ATPase ID MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; E-CADHERIN; DIMERIZATION MOTIF; HELIX INTERACTIONS; CELL-MEMBRANES; NA+/K+-ATPASE; GXXXG MOTIF; ASSOCIATION; RESIDUES; PACKING AB Na,K-ATPase is a hetero-oligomer of a and beta-subunits. The Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit (Na,K-beta) is involved in both the regulation of ion transport activity, and in cell-cell adhesion. By structure prediction and evolutionary analysis, we identified two distinct faces on the Na,K-beta transmembrane domain (TMD) that could mediate protein-protein interactions: a glycine zipper motif and a conserved heptad repeat. Here, we show that the heptad repeat face is involved in the hetero-oligomeric interaction of Na,K-beta with Na,K-alpha, and the glycine zipper face is involved in the homo-oligomerization of Na, K-beta. Point mutations in the heptad repeat motif reduced Na,K-beta binding to Na,K-a, and Na,K-ATPase activity. Na,K-beta TMD homo-oligomerized in biological membranes, and mutation of the glycine zipper motif affected oligomerization and cell-cell adhesion. These results provide a structural basis for understanding how Na,K-beta links ion transport and cell-cell adhesion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Mol & Life Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Ctr Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Rajasekaran, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM arajasekaran@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK056216, DK 56216]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063919-05, R01 GM063919, R01 GM063919-06, R01 GM063919-04, R01 GM063919-07, R01 GM063919-08] NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 3 BP 706 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.029 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 127BY UT WOS:000243561500015 PM 17078968 ER PT J AU Bender, CM Holm, DD Hook, DW AF Bender, Carl M. Holm, Darryl D. Hook, Daniel W. TI Complex trajectories of a simple pendulum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID HERMITIAN HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; SYMMETRIC QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES; SPECTRA AB The motion of a classical pendulum in a gravitational field of strength g is explored. The complex trajectories as well as the real ones are determined. If g is taken to be imaginary, the Hamiltonian that describes the pendulum becomes PT-symmetric. The classical motion for this PT-symmetric Hamiltonian is examined in detail. The complex motion of this pendulum in the presence of an external periodic forcing term is also studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2BZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmb@wustl.edu; d.holm@ic.ac.uk; d.hook@imperial.ac.uk RI Hook, Daniel/C-4764-2008; OI Hook, Daniel/0000-0001-9746-1193; Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP F81 EP F89 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/3/F01 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 146WX UT WOS:000244966500001 ER PT J AU Acha, A Aniol, KA Armstrong, DS Arrington, J Averett, T Bailey, SL Barber, J Beck, A Benaoum, H Benesch, J Bertin, PY Bosted, P Butaru, F Burtin, E Cates, GD Chao, YC Chen, JP Chudakov, E Cisbani, E Craver, B Cusanno, F De Leo, R Decowski, P Deur, A Feuerbach, RJ Finn, JM Frullani, S Fuchs, SA Fuoti, K Gilman, R Glesener, LE Grimm, K Grames, JM Hansen, JO Hansknecht, J Higinbotham, DW Holmes, R Holmstrom, T Ibrahim, H de Jager, CW Jiang, X Katich, J Kaufman, LJ Kelleher, A King, PM Kolarkar, A Kowalski, S Kuchina, E Kumar, KS Lagamba, L LaViolette, P LeRose, J Lindgren, RA Lhuillier, D Liyanage, N Margaziotis, DJ Markowitz, P Meekins, DG Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Nanda, S Nelyubin, V Otis, K Paschke, KD Phillips, SK Poelker, M Pomatsalyuk, R Potokar, M Prok, Y Puckett, A Qian, X Qiang, Y Reitz, B Roche, J Saha, A Sawatzky, B Singh, J Slifer, K Sirca, S Snyder, R Solvignon, P Souder, PA Stutzman, ML Subedi, R Suleiman, R Sulkosky, V Tobias, WA Ulmer, PE Urciuoli, GM Wang, K Whitbeck, A Wilson, R Wojtsekhowski, B Yao, H Ye, Y Zhan, X Zheng, X Zhou, S Ziskin, V AF Acha, A. Aniol, K. A. Armstrong, D. S. Arrington, J. Averett, T. Bailey, S. L. Barber, J. Beck, A. Benaoum, H. Benesch, J. Bertin, P. Y. Bosted, P. Butaru, F. Burtin, E. Cates, G. D. Chao, Y. -C. Chen, J. -P. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, E. Craver, B. Cusanno, F. De Leo, R. Decowski, P. Deur, A. Feuerbach, R. J. Finn, J. M. Frullani, S. Fuchs, S. A. Fuoti, K. Gilman, R. Glesener, L. E. Grimm, K. Grames, J. M. Hansen, J. O. Hansknecht, J. Higinbotham, D. W. Holmes, R. Holmstrom, T. Ibrahim, H. de Jager, C. W. Jiang, X. Katich, J. Kaufman, L. J. Kelleher, A. King, P. M. Kolarkar, A. Kowalski, S. Kuchina, E. Kumar, K. S. Lagamba, L. LaViolette, P. LeRose, J. Lindgren, R. A. Lhuillier, D. Liyanage, N. Margaziotis, D. J. Markowitz, P. Meekins, D. G. Meziani, Z. -E. Michaels, R. Moffit, B. Nanda, S. Nelyubin, V. Otis, K. Paschke, K. D. Phillips, S. K. Poelker, M. Pomatsalyuk, R. Potokar, M. Prok, Y. Puckett, A. Qian, X. Qiang, Y. Reitz, B. Roche, J. Saha, A. Sawatzky, B. Singh, J. Slifer, K. Sirca, S. Snyder, R. Solvignon, P. Souder, P. A. Stutzman, M. L. Subedi, R. Suleiman, R. Sulkosky, V. Tobias, W. A. Ulmer, P. E. Urciuoli, G. M. Wang, K. Whitbeck, A. Wilson, R. Wojtsekhowski, B. Yao, H. Ye, Y. Zhan, X. Zheng, X. Zhou, S. Ziskin, V. CA HAPPEX Collaboration TI Precision measurements of the nucleon strange form factors at Q(2)similar to 0.1 GeV2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PROTON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; NEUTRAL-CURRENT; CURRENTS; RADIUS; HE-4 AB We report new measurements of the parity-violating asymmetry A(PV) in elastic scattering of 3 GeV electrons off hydrogen and He-4 targets with approximate to 6.0 degrees. The He-4 result is A(PV) = (+6.40 +/- 0.23(stat) +/- 0.12(syst)) x 10(-6). The hydrogen result is A(PV) = (-1.58 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.04(syst)) x 10(-6). These results significantly improve constraints on the electric and magnetic strange form factors G(E)(s) and G(M)(s). We extract G(E)(s) = 0.002 +/- 0.014 +/- 0.007 at < Q(2)> = 0.077 GeV2, and G(E)(s) + 0.09G(M)(s) = 0.007 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.006 at < Q(2)> = 0.109 GeV2, providing new limits on the role of strange quarks in the nucleon charge and magnetization distributions. C1 Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Duke Univ, TUNL, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Acha, A (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Singh, Jaideep/H-2346-2013; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Singh, Jaideep/0000-0002-4810-4824; Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; King, Paul/0000-0002-3448-2306; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Hachemi, Benaoum/0000-0002-5581-4314; Kumar, Krishna/0000-0001-5318-4622; Qian, Xin/0000-0002-7903-7935 NR 28 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 032301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.032301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200017 PM 17358678 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Lee, CL Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Clarke, CK Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R 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Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. 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Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Observation of CP violation in B ->eta/K-0 decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B DECAYS; ASYMMETRIES; PHYSICS AB We present measurements of the time-dependent CP-violation parameters S and C in B-0 -> eta K-'(0) decays. The data sample corresponds to 384 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs produced by e(+)e(-) annihilation at the Upsilon(4S). The results are S = 0.58 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.03 and C = -0.16 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.03. We observe mixing-induced CP violation with a significance of 5.5 standard deviations in this b -> s penguin dominated mode. C1 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3,Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Politecn Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 031801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.031801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200015 ER PT J AU Bowers, K Li, H AF Bowers, K. Li, H. TI Spectral energy transfer and dissipation of magnetic energy from fluid to kinetic scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FREE PLASMA; RECONNECTION CHALLENGE; SHEET-PINCH; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; HOLES AB We investigate the magnetic energy transfer from the fluid to kinetic scales and dissipation processes using three-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell plasma simulations. The nonlinear evolution of a sheet pinch is studied where we show that it exhibits both fluid scale global relaxation and kinetic scale collisionless reconnection at multiple resonant surfaces. The interactions among collisionless tearing modes destroy the original flux surfaces and produce stochastic fields, along with generating sheets and filaments of intensified currents. In addition, the magnetic energy is transferred from the original shear length scale both to the large scales due to the global relaxation and to the smaller, kinetic scales for dissipation. The dissipation is dominated by the thermal or pressure effect in the generalized Ohm's law, and electrons are preferentially accelerated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bowers, K (reprint author), DE Shaw Res, 120 W 45th St, New York, NY 10036 USA. EM hli@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 035002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.035002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200029 PM 17358690 ER PT J AU Chen, KF Hara, K Hazumi, M Higuchi, T Miyabayashi, K Nakahama, Y Sumisawa, K Tajima, O Ushiroda, Y Yusa, Y Abe, K Abe, K Adachi, I Aihara, H Anipko, D Arinstein, K Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Aziz, T Bakich, AM Balagura, V Banerjee, S Barberio, E Barbero, M Bay, A Belous, K Bitenc, U Bizjak, I Blyth, S Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, A Chen, WT Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Chuvikov, A Cole, S Dalseno, J Danilov, M Dash, M Dragic, J Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Epifanov, D Fratina, S Garmash, A Gershon, T Go, A Gokhroo, G Goldenzweig, P Golob, B Ha, H Haba, J Hara, T Hayasaka, K Hayashii, H Heffernan, D Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, S Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Iijima, T Ikado, K Imoto, A Inami, K Ishikawa, A Ishino, H Itoh, R Iwasaki, M Iwasaki, Y Kakuno, H Kang, JH Kataoka, SU Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Khan, HR Kichimi, H Kim, HJ Kim, SK Kim, YJ Kinoshita, K Korpar, S Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, R Kuo, CC Kusaka, A Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Leder, G Lee, J Lee, MJ Lesiak, T Li, J Limosani, A Lin, SW Liu, Y Liventsev, D Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsumoto, T Matyja, A Mitaroff, W Miyake, H Miyata, H Miyazaki, Y Mizuk, R Mohapatra, D Moloney, GR Murakami, A Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakamura, I Nakano, E Nakao, M Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Noguchi, S Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Pakhlova, G Palka, H Park, H Pestotnik, R Piilonen, LE Sahoo, H Sakai, Y Satoyama, N Schietinger, T Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Seidl, R Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shapkin, M Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Singh, JB Sokolov, A Somov, A Stanic, S Staric, M Stoeck, H Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tian, XC Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Uglov, T Ueno, K Unno, Y Uno, S Urquijo, P Usov, Y Varner, G Varvell, KE Villa, S Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Wedd, R Won, E Xie, QL Yabsley, BD Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zupanc, A AF Chen, K. -F. Hara, K. Hazumi, M. Higuchi, T. Miyabayashi, K. Nakahama, Y. Sumisawa, K. Tajima, O. Ushiroda, Y. Yusa, Y. Abe, K. Abe, K. Adachi, I. Aihara, H. Anipko, D. Arinstein, K. Aulchenko, V. Aushev, T. Aziz, T. Bakich, A. M. Balagura, V. Banerjee, S. Barberio, E. Barbero, M. Bay, A. Belous, K. Bitenc, U. Bizjak, I. Blyth, S. Bondar, A. Bozek, A. Bracko, M. Brodzicka, J. Browder, T. E. Chang, P. Chao, Y. Chen, A. Chen, W. T. Cheon, B. G. Chistov, R. Choi, S. -K. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Chuvikov, A. Cole, S. Dalseno, J. Danilov, M. Dash, M. Dragic, J. Drutskoy, A. Eidelman, S. Epifanov, D. Fratina, S. Garmash, A. Gershon, T. Go, A. Gokhroo, G. Goldenzweig, P. Golob, B. Ha, H. Haba, J. Hara, T. Hayasaka, K. Hayashii, H. Heffernan, D. Hokuue, T. Hoshi, Y. Hou, S. Hou, W. -S. Hsiung, Y. B. Iijima, T. Ikado, K. Imoto, A. Inami, K. Ishikawa, A. Ishino, H. Itoh, R. Iwasaki, M. Iwasaki, Y. Kakuno, H. Kang, J. H. Kataoka, S. U. Katayama, N. Kawai, H. Kawasaki, T. Khan, H. R. Kichimi, H. Kim, H. J. Kim, S. K. Kim, Y. J. Kinoshita, K. Korpar, S. Krizan, P. Krokovny, P. Kulasiri, R. Kumar, R. Kuo, C. C. Kusaka, A. Kuzmin, A. Kwon, Y. -J. Leder, G. Lee, J. Lee, M. J. Lesiak, T. Li, J. Limosani, A. Lin, S. -W. Liu, Y. Liventsev, D. Majumder, G. Mandl, F. Matsumoto, T. Matyja, A. Mitaroff, W. Miyake, H. Miyata, H. Miyazaki, Y. Mizuk, R. Mohapatra, D. Moloney, G. R. Murakami, A. Nagamine, T. Nagasaka, Y. Nakamura, I. Nakano, E. Nakao, M. Natkaniec, Z. Nishida, S. Nitoh, O. Noguchi, S. Nozaki, T. Ogawa, S. Ohshima, T. Okuno, S. Olsen, S. L. Onuki, Y. Ostrowicz, W. Ozaki, H. Pakhlov, P. Pakhlova, G. Palka, H. Park, H. Pestotnik, R. Piilonen, L. E. Sahoo, H. Sakai, Y. Satoyama, N. Schietinger, T. Schneider, O. Schumann, J. Schwartz, A. J. Seidl, R. Senyo, K. Sevior, M. E. Shapkin, M. Shibuya, H. Shwartz, B. Singh, J. B. Sokolov, A. Somov, A. Stanic, S. Staric, M. Stoeck, H. Sumiyoshi, T. Suzuki, S. Takasaki, F. Tamai, K. Tamura, N. Tanaka, M. Taylor, G. N. Teramoto, Y. Tian, X. C. Trabelsi, K. Tsuboyama, T. Tsukamoto, T. Uehara, S. Uglov, T. Ueno, K. Unno, Y. Uno, S. Urquijo, P. Usov, Y. Varner, G. Varvell, K. E. Villa, S. Wang, C. C. Wang, C. H. Wang, M. -Z. Watanabe, Y. Wedd, R. Won, E. Xie, Q. L. Yabsley, B. D. Yamaguchi, A. Yamashita, Y. Yamauchi, M. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, Z. P. Zhilich, V. Zupanc, A. CA Belle Collaboration TI Observation of time-dependent CP violation in B-0 ->eta K-'(0) decays and improved measurements of CP asymmetries in B-0 ->phi K-0, (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 and B-0 -> J/psi K-0 decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; BELLE; PHYSICS AB We present improved measurements of CP-violation parameters in B-0 -> phi K-0, eta K-'(0), (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 decays based on a sample of 535 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. We obtain sin2 phi(eff)(1) = +0.64 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.04(syst) for B-0 -> eta K-'(0), +0.50 +/- 0.21(stat) +/- 0.06(syst) for B-0 ->phi K-0, and +0.30 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.08(syst) for B-0 -> (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 decays. We have observed CP violation in the B-0 -> eta K-'(0) decay with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. We also perform an improved measurement of CP asymmetries in B-0 -> J/psi K-0 decays and obtain sin2 phi(1) = +0.642 +/- 0.031(stat) +/- 0.017(syst). C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nippon Dent Univ, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Saga Univ, Saga 840, Japan. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi 985, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Chen, KF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RI Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013; Tian, Xinchun/L-2060-2013; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Uglov, Timofey/B-2406-2014; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Mizuk, Roman/B-3751-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Pakhlova, Galina/C-5378-2014 OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422; Tian, Xinchun/0000-0002-6246-0470; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Uglov, Timofey/0000-0002-4944-1830; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Pakhlova, Galina/0000-0001-7518-3022 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 031802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.031802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200016 PM 17358677 ER PT J AU Classen, IGJ Westerhof, E Domier, CW Donne, AJH Jaspers, RJE Luhmann, NC Park, HK van de Pol, MJ Spakman, GW Jakubowski, MW AF Classen, I. G. J. Westerhof, E. Domier, C. W. Donne, A. J. H. Jaspers, R. J. E. Luhmann, N. C. Park, H. K. van de Pol, M. J. Spakman, G. W. Jakubowski, M. W. CA TEXTOR team TI Effect of heating on the suppression of tearing modes in tokamaks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; STABILIZATION; FIELD; ITER; M=2 AB The suppression of (neoclassical) tearing modes is of great importance for the success of future fusion reactors like ITER. Electron cyclotron waves can suppress islands, both by driving noninductive current in the island region and by heating the island, causing a perturbation to the Ohmic plasma current. This Letter reports on experiments on the TEXTOR tokamak, investigating the effect of heating, which is usually neglected. The unique set of tools available on TEXTOR, notably the dynamic ergodic divertor to create islands with a fully known driving term, and the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic to provide detailed 2D electron temperature information, enables a detailed study of the suppression process and a comparison with theory. C1 EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM, FZJ,Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Classen, IGJ (reprint author), EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RI Westerhof, Egbert/H-8730-2013 OI Westerhof, Egbert/0000-0002-0749-9399 NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.035001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200028 PM 17358689 ER PT J AU Ediger, M Bester, G Gerardot, BD Badolato, A Petroff, PM Karrai, K Zunger, A Warburton, RJ AF Ediger, M. Bester, G. Gerardot, B. D. Badolato, A. Petroff, P. M. Karrai, K. Zunger, A. Warburton, R. J. TI Fine structure of negatively and positively charged excitons in semiconductor quantum dots: Electron-hole asymmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB We present new understanding of excitonic fine structure in close-to-symmetric InAs/GaAs and InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. We demonstrate excellent agreement between spectroscopy and many-body pseudopotential theory in the energy splittings, selection rules and polarizations of the optical emissions from doubly charged excitons. We discover a marked difference between the fine structure of the doubly negatively and doubly positively charged excitons. The features in the doubly charged emission spectra are shown to arise mainly from the lack of inversion symmetry in the underlying crystal lattice. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Munich, Ctr Nanosci, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Ediger, M (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Gerardot, Brian/D-2418-2009; Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015; OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; Gerardot, Brian/0000-0002-0279-898X NR 17 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 036808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.036808 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200054 PM 17358715 ER PT J AU Rose, V Bruggemann, K David, R Franchy, R AF Rose, V. Brueggemann, K. David, R. Franchy, R. TI Two-dimensional surface magnetism in the bulk paramagnetic intermetallic alloy CoAl(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COAL; COGA; MOMENTS AB Utilizing a combination of the in situ magneto-optical Kerr effect and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements, we show that the (100) surface of the B2 bulk paramagnetic CoAl is an excellent representation of a two-dimensional ferromagnet. The order-parameter critical exponent beta=0.22 +/- 0.02 is determined, which is the universal signature of a finite-size two-dimensional XY behavior. The Curie temperature is found to be T-c=90 K. The magnetism can be explained by the appearance of Co antisite atoms at the surface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ISG3, Res Ctr Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Rose, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vrose@anl.gov RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 037202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.037202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200059 PM 17358720 ER PT J AU Shreve, AP Haroz, EH Bachilo, SM Weisman, RB Tretiak, S Kilina, S Doorn, SK AF Shreve, Andrew P. Haroz, Erik H. Bachilo, Sergei M. Weisman, R. Bruce Tretiak, Sergei Kilina, Svetlana Doorn, Stephen K. TI Determination of exciton-phonon coupling elements in single-walled carbon nanotubes by Raman overtone analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SPECTRA; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; CONDON; MODEL AB Raman excitation profiles are obtained and compared for carbon nanotube radial breathing mode (RBM) fundamental and overtone vibrations for 5 specific chiralities. Fitting of the Raman excitation data is performed using Raman transform theory. The Huang-Rhys factors obtained from the modeling are directly related to the magnitude of the RBM exciton-phonon coupling element, which is shown to be in a weak coupling limit. The values of exciton-phonon coupling strengths and the possible role of revealed non-Condon effects are in agreement with quantum-chemical modeling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Weisman, R. Bruce/0000-0001-8546-9980 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 037405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.037405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200066 PM 17358727 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Wang, XJ Murphy, JB Rose, J Shen, Y Tsang, T Giannessi, L Musumeci, P Reiche, S AF Watanabe, T. Wang, X. J. Murphy, J. B. Rose, J. Shen, Y. Tsang, T. Giannessi, L. Musumeci, P. Reiche, S. TI Experimental characterization of superradiance in a single-pass high-gain laser-seeded free-electron laser amplifier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGIME; FEL; OSCILLATOR; PULSES AB In this Letter we report the first experimental characterization of superradiance in a single-pass high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) seeded by a 150 femtosecond (FWHM) Ti:sapphire laser. The nonlinear energy gain after an exponential gain regime was observed. We also measured the evolution of the longitudinal phase space in both the exponential and superradiant regimes. The output FEL pulse duration was measured to be as short as 81 fs, a roughly 50% reduction compared to the input seed laser. The temporal distribution of the FEL radiation as predicted by a numerical simulation was experimentally verified for the first time. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ENEA, CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM twatanabe@bnl.gov RI Giannessi, Luca/D-3117-2013 OI Giannessi, Luca/0000-0002-7643-9840 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 034802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.034802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200027 PM 17358688 ER PT J AU Young, BL Urbano, RR Curro, NJ Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Vorontsov, AB Graf, MJ AF Young, B. -L. Urbano, R. R. Curro, N. J. Thompson, J. D. Sarrao, J. L. Vorontsov, A. B. Graf, M. J. TI Microscopic evidence for field-induced magnetism in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STATE; CERHIN5 AB We present NMR data in the normal and superconducting states of CeCoIn5 for fields close to H-c2(0)=11.8 T in the ab plane. Recent experiments identified a first-order transition from the normal to superconducting state for H > 10.5 T, and a new thermodynamic phase below 290 mK within the superconducting state. We find that the Knight shifts of the In(1), In(2), and the Co are discontinuous across the first-order transition and the magnetic linewidths increase dramatically. The broadening differs for the three sites, unlike the expectation for an Abrikosov vortex lattice, and suggests the presence of static spin moments in the vortex cores. In the low-temperature and high-field phase, the broad NMR lineshapes suggest ordered local moments, rather than a long-wavelength quasiparticle spin density modulation expected for an FFLO phase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Young, BL (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RI Urbano, Ricardo/F-5017-2012; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 32 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 AR 036402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.036402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LJ UT WOS:000243587200040 PM 17358701 ER PT J AU Chiritescu, C Cahill, DG Nguyen, N Johnson, D Bodapati, A Keblinski, P Zschack, P AF Chiritescu, Catalin Cahill, David G. Nguyen, Ngoc Johnson, David Bodapati, Arun Keblinski, Pawel Zschack, Paul TI Ultralow thermal conductivity in disordered, layered WSe2 crystals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLOW; METAL-FILMS; THERMOREFLECTANCE; INTERFEROMETRY; SOLIDS AB The cross-plane thermal conductivity of thin films of WSe2 grown from alternating W and Se layers is as small as 0.05 watts per meter per degree kelvin at room temperature, 30 times smaller than the c-axis thermal conductivity of single-crystal WSe2 and a factor of 6 smaller than the predicted minimum thermal conductivity for this material. We attribute the ultralow thermal conductivity of these disordered, layered crystals to the localization of lattice vibrations induced by the random stacking of two-dimensional crystalline WSe2 sheets. Disordering of the layered structure by ion bombardment increases the thermal conductivity. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cahill, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-cahill@uiuc.edu RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 NR 20 TC 344 Z9 345 U1 26 U2 315 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5810 BP 351 EP 353 DI 10.1126/science.1136494 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126SI UT WOS:000243535400033 PM 17170252 ER PT J AU Novakov, T Menon, S Kirchstetter, TW Koch, D Hansen, JE AF Novakov, T. Menon, S. Kirchstetter, T. W. Koch, D. Hansen, J. E. TI Reply to comment by R. L. Tanner and D. J. Eatough on "Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: Analysis of published data and implication for climate forcing'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Novakov, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D2 AR D02203 DI 10.1029/2006JD007941 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 131DW UT WOS:000243849400005 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VB Horita, J Cole, DR Chialvo, AA AF Polyakov, V. B. Horita, J. Cole, D. R. Chialvo, A. A. TI Novel corresponding-states principle approach for the equation of state of isotopologues: (H2O)-O-18 as an example SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; LIQUID WATER; FLUIDS; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; OXYGEN AB The corresponding-states principle (CSP) has been considered for the development of the equations of state (EOS) of minor isotopologues that are usually unknown. We demonstrate that, for isotopologues of a given molecular fluid, a general extended multi-parameter corresponding-states EOS can be reduced to the three-parameter EOS, utilizing the critical parameters (temperature and density) and Pitzer's acentric factor as correlation parameters. Appropriate general CSP mathematical formalism and equations for constructing the EOS of minor isotopologues are described in detail. The formalism and equations were applied to isotopologues of water and demonstrated that the isotopic effect on the critical parameters and the acentric factor of (H2O)-O-18 can be successfully calculated from the EOS of H2O and experimental data on the isotope effects (liquid-vapor isotope fractionation factor and molar volume isotope effect). We have also shown that the experimental data on the vapor pressure isotope effect (VPIE) for O-18-substituted water are inconsistent within the framework of thermodynamics with the liquid-vapor oxygen isotope fractionation factor. The novel approach of CSP to isotopologues developed in this study creates a new opportunity for constructing the EOS of minor isotopologues for many other molecular fluids. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Methodol, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Polyakov, VB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Methodol, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RI Polyakov, Veniamin/N-9747-2015; OI Polyakov, Veniamin/0000-0002-6718-580X; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1021/jp064055k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 124RY UT WOS:000243388800013 PM 17214491 ER PT J AU Daub, CD Bratko, D Leung, K Luzar, A AF Daub, Christopher D. Bratko, Dusan Leung, Kevin Luzar, Alenka TI Electrowetting at the nanoscale SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MICROSCOPIC WETTING PHENOMENA; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SURFACE-TENSION; CARBON NANOTUBES; LIQUID WATER; INTERFACE; DROPS; SHAPE AB Using molecular simulations of nanosized aqueous droplets on a model graphite surface, we demonstrate remarkable sensitivity of water contact angles to the applied electric field polarity and direction relative to the liquid/solid interface. The effect is explained by analyzing the influence of the field on interfacial hydrogen bonding in the nanodrop, which in turn affects the interfacial tensions. The observed anisotropy in droplet wetting is a new nanoscale phenomenon that has so far been elusive as, in current experimental setups, surface molecules represent a very low fraction of the total number affected by the field. Our findings may have important implications for the design of electrowetting techniques in fabrication and property tuning of nanomaterials. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Luzar, A (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Box 2006, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM aluzar@vcu.edu RI Daub, Christopher/B-1460-2015 OI Daub, Christopher/0000-0002-4290-9058 NR 47 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1021/jp067395e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300003 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Garcia, M Wang, XQ Belver, C Hanson, JC Rodriguez, JA AF Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos Wang, Xianqin Belver, Carolina Hanson, Jonathan C. Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Anatase-TiO2 nanomaterials: Morphological/size dependence of the crystallization and phase behavior phenomena SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; GRAIN-GROWTH KINETICS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; RUTILE TIO2; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDES AB Nanoparticulated TiO2 materials with anatase structure were synthesized by using a microemulsion method. Three different syntheses with varying surfactant-to-water molar ratio (omega) were used to obtain amorphous solid precipitates at room temperature. The structural characteristics of these solid precursors were studied by using X-ray absorption structure (X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and Raman spectroscopies, which showed that all lack 3D (tridimensional) order but contain a different degree of 2D-confined connectivity. While heating such solid precursors under dry air, marked differences appeared in the phase behavior; the onset temperature for anatase crystallization increases ca. 150 degrees C while the omega parameter decreases and only one of the samples shows the anatase-to-rutile transformation below 900 degrees C. In all cases, the crystallization of the anatase structure does not follow a traditional nucleation and growth mechanism and its analysis using the Avrami formalism gives conclusive evidence of a surface nucleation-dominated process. This appears as a distinctive feature of anatase-TiO2 nanomaterials, far from the corresponding behavior of microsized or bulk materials. After nucleation, the grain growth of anatase nanoparticles was found to follow the kinetic equation D-2 - D-0(2) = k(0) exp(-E-a/RT), where the activation energy is a function of several structural properties of the solid materials mainly related to the hydration characteristics of the surface layer. A combined in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman/infrared study aimed to unveil the physical basis of the phase behavior and to interpret key variables allowing control of the crystallization mechanism and morphological properties, particularly primary particle size, in the nanometer regime. C1 CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernandez-Garcia, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, C Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM m.fernandez@icp.csic.es; rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014 NR 57 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 674 EP 682 DI 10.1021/jp065661i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300028 ER PT J AU Petkov, V Ohta, T Hou, Y Ren, Y AF Petkov, V. Ohta, T. Hou, Y. Ren, Y. TI Atomic-scale structure of nanocrystals by high-energy X-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function analysis: Study of FexPd100-x (x=0, 26, 28, 48) nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; PROGRAM; SCATTERING AB Knowledge of the atomic-scale structure is an important prerequisite to understanding and predicting properties of materials. With bulk crystals it is routinely obtained by X-ray diffraction. With nanocrystals, however, traditional X-ray crystallography fails because of their substantially limited length of structural coherence. Here we illustrate, step by step, how a nontraditional approach involving high-energy X-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function analysis is applied to determine the atomic-scale structure of a typical nanocrystalline material-FexPd100-x (x = 0, 26, 28, 48) nanoparticles exhibiting useful magnetic properties. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu RI Hou, Yanglong/B-8241-2012; Hou, Yanglong/B-8688-2012 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1021/jp066166p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300034 ER PT J AU Tikhonov, AM AF Tikhonov, Aleksey M. TI Compact layer of alkali ions at the surface of colloidal silica SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-REFLECTIVITY; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; LIQUID INTERFACES; WATER DENSITY; ZERO CHARGE; ADSORPTION; SCATTERING; STABILITY; DIFFRACTION; HYDROXIDES AB The forces of electrical imaging strongly polarize the surface of colloidal silica. I used X-ray scattering to study the adsorbed 2-nm-thick compact layer of alkali ions at the surface of concentrated solutions of 5-nm, 7-nm, and 22-nm particles, stabilized by either NaOH or a mixture of NaOH and CsOH, with the total bulk concentration of alkali ions ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 mol/L. The observed structure of the compact layer is almost independent of the size of the particles and the concentration of alkali base in the sol; it can be described by a two-layer model, that is, a similar to 6-8-angstrom-thick layer of directly adsorbed hydrated alkali ions with a surface concentration of similar to 3 x 10(18) m(-2), and a similar to 13-angstrom-thick layer with a surface concentration of sodium ions of similar to 8 x 10(18) m(-2). In cesium-enriched sols, Cs+ ions preferentially adsorb in the first layer replacing Na+; their density in the second layer does not depend on the presence of cesium in the sol. The difference in the adsorption of Cs+ and Na+ ions can be explained by the ion-size-dependent term in the electrostatic Gibbs energy equation derived earlier by others. I also discuss the surface charge density and the value of surface tension at both the air/sol and the hexane/sol interfaces. C1 Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tikhonov, AM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Beamline X19C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tikhonov@bnl.gov RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 930 EP 937 DI 10.1021/jp065538r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300060 ER PT J AU Drummond, ML Sumpter, BG Shelton, WA Larese, JZ AF Drummond, Michael L. Sumpter, Bobby G. Shelton, William A. Larese, John Z. TI Electronic structure investigation of surface-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions in multilayers of CH4 on MgO(100) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SOLID HEAVY METHANE; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MGO SURFACES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB The adsorption of methane on MgO(100) is examined using extensive first-principles DFT methods, including calculated molecular electrostatic potentials and inelastic neutron scattering spectra. The results provide evidence that the structure of the first adsorbed methane layer is dominated by surface-adsorbate interactions, although adsorbate-adsorbate interactions still play a role. More specifically, the former selects for a structure wherein partially positive hydrogen atoms are oriented toward lattice oxygen sites, whereas the latter effect dictates that each methane molecule is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to its neighbor. The structure of a second added layer is consistent with that predicted solely based on interadsorbate repulsion, although, as this structure is also favored by the electrostatic character of the surface, the roles of each effect cannot be entirely evaluated independently. At the third layer, and presumably all higher layers, methane is structured so that the number of close H-H contacts is minimized. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations lend further support to the highly influential role of repulsive interadsorbate interactions in determining structure. Methane rotation at each layer is also studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Drummond, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Drummondml@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 966 EP 976 DI 10.1021/jp065211q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300064 ER PT J AU Faraudo, J Travesset, A AF Faraudo, J. Travesset, A. TI The many origins of charge inversion in electrolyte solutions: Effects of discrete interfacial charges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ION DISTRIBUTIONS; MEMBRANES; COUNTERIONS; MONOVALENT; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB We show that charge inversion, i.e., interfacial charges attracting counterions in excess of their own nominal charge, is a general effect that takes place in most charged systems next to aqueous solutions with multivalent ions and identify three different electrostatic origins for this effect: (1) counterion-counterion correlations, (2) correlations between counterions and interfacial charges, and (3) complexation. We briefly describe the first two regimes and provide a detailed characterization of the complexation regime from united atom molecular dynamics simulation of a phospholipid domain in contact with an aqueous solution. We examine the expected conditions where each regime should apply and describe a representative experimental example to illustrate each case. We point out that our results provide a characterization of ionic distributions irrespectively of whether charge inversion takes place and show that processes such as proton release and transfer are also linked to ionic correlations. We conclude with a discussion of further experimental and theoretical implications. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra, Spain. RP Travesset, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI FARAUDO, JORDI/F-4921-2012 OI FARAUDO, JORDI/0000-0002-6315-4993 NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1021/jp0656983 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300067 ER PT J AU Natesakhawat, S Culp, JT Matranga, C Bockrath, B AF Natesakhawat, Sittichai Culp, Jeffrey T. Matranga, Christopher Bockrath, Bradley TI Adsorption properties of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in Prussian blue analogues M-3[Co(CN)(6)](2), M = Co, Zn SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBE BUNDLES; CALORIMETRIC HEATS; SOLID-STATE; TRAPPED CO2; ISOTHERMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICALITE; ZEOLITES; SORPTION; SPECTRA AB H-2 and CO2 adsorption were studied in dehydrated Prussian blue analogues M-3[Co(CN)(6)](2) (M = Co, Zn) using volumetric isotherm measurements. Both materials adsorbed 1.2-1.3 wt % of H-2 at 77 K and 760 Torr with isosteric heats of adsorption ranging from 5.9 to 6.8 kJ/mol. High-pressure H-2 isotherms at 77 K showed that CO3[Co(CN)(6)](2) started to saturate well above 6 atm with a saturation coverage of similar to 1.9 wt %. These materials adsorbed approximately 17.6-19.7 wt % of CO2 at 253 K and 760 Torr with isosteric heats of adsorption of similar to 25-28 kJ/mol. The CO2 saturation coverages from high-pressure isotherms at 263 K and 15 atm were similar to 27.4-29.0 wt %. The displacement of CO2 by H-2 in these compounds was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR experiments showed that CO2 physisorption at cryogenic temperatures produced an infrared peak at 2335 cm(-1). Co-adsorption experiments revealed that H-2 was able to displace preadsorbed CO2 if the P-H2/P-CO2 ratio was well above 100. The infrared results from the co-adsorption experiments also showed that H-2 and CO2 competed for adsorption in the same pores under these conditions. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Natesakhawat, S (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Sittichai.Natesakhawat@netl.doe.gov RI Culp, Jeffrey/B-1219-2010; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015; OI Culp, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7422-052X; Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938; Natesakhawat, Sittichai/0000-0003-1272-1238 NR 29 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 2 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1021/jp065845x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LU UT WOS:000245005300078 ER PT J AU Li, YZ Pan, J Li, JL Lee, JH Tunkey, C Saraf, K Garbe, JC Whitley, MZ Jelinsky, SA Stampfer, MR Haney, SA AF Li, Yizheng Pan, Jing Li, Jian-Liang Lee, Jee Hyung Tunkey, Chris Saraf, Katie Garbe, James C. Whitley, Maryann Z. Jelinsky, Scott A. Stampfer, Martha R. Haney, Steven A. TI Transcriptional changes associated with breast cancer occur as normal human mammary epithelial cells overcome senescence barriers and become immortalized SO MOLECULAR CANCER LA English DT Article ID CARCINOMA IN-SITU; TELOMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; DUCTAL CARCINOMAS; DNA METHYLATION; C-MYC; GROWTH; BRCA1; HTERT; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) overcome two well-characterized genetic and epigenetic barriers as they progress from primary cells to fully immortalized cell lines in vitro. Finite lifespan HMEC overcome an Rb-mediated stress-associated senescence barrier ( stasis), and a stringent, telomere-length dependent, barrier (agonescence or crisis, depending on p53 status). HMEC that have overcome the second senescence barrier are immortalized. Methods: We have characterized pre-stasis, post-selection (post-stasis, with p16 silenced), and fully immortalized HMEC by transcription profiling and RT-PCR. Four pre-stasis and seven post-selection HMEC samples, along with 10 representatives of fully immortalized breast epithelial cell lines, were profiled using Affymetrix U133A/B chips and compared using both supervised and unsupervised clustering. Datasets were validated by RT-PCR for a select set of genes. Quantitative immunofluorescence was used to assess changes in transcriptional regulators associated with the gene expression changes. Results: The most dramatic and uniform changes we observed were in a set of about 30 genes that are characterized as a "cancer proliferation cluster," which includes genes expressed during mitosis (CDC2, CDC25, MCM2, PLK1) and following DNA damage. The increased expression of these genes was particularly concordant in the fully immortalized lines. Additional changes were observed in IFN-regulated genes in some post-selection and fully immortalized cultures. Nuclear localization was observed for several transcriptional regulators associated with expression of these genes in post-selection and immortalized HMEC, including Rb, Myc, BRCA1, HDAC3 and SP1. Conclusion: Gene expression profiles and cytological changes in related transcriptional regulators indicate that immortalized HMEC resemble non-invasive breast cancers, such as ductal and lobular carcinomas in situ, and are strikingly distinct from finite-lifespan HMEC, particularly with regard to genes involved in proliferation, cell cycle regulation, chromosome structure and the DNA damage response. The comparison of HMEC profiles with lines harboring oncogenic changes (e. g. overexpression of Her-2(neu), loss of p53 expression) identifies genes involved in tissue remodeling as well as proinflamatory cytokines and S100 proteins. Studies on carcinogenesis using immortalized cell lines as starting points or "normal" controls need to account for the significant pre-existing genetic and epigenetic changes inherent in such lines before results can be broadly interpreted. C1 Wyeth Ayerst Res, Dept Biol Technol, Appl Genomics, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Dept Biol Technol, Sect Bioinformat, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Dept Biol Technol, Mol Profiling & Biomarker Discovery, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haney, SA (reprint author), Wyeth Ayerst Res, Dept Biol Technol, Appl Genomics, 87 Cambridge Pk Dr, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM yli@wyeth.com; jpan@wyeth.com; jlli@wyeth.com; jeehyung.lee@novartis.com; ctunkey@crtx.com; ksaraf@wyeth.com; jcgarbe@lbl.gov; mwhitley@wyeth.com; sjelinsky@wyeth.com; mrstampfer@lbl.gov; shaney@wyeth.com OI Li, Jian-Liang/0000-0002-6487-081X NR 75 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1476-4598 J9 MOL CANCER JI Mol. Cancer PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1476-4598-6-7 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 133NJ UT WOS:000244019300001 PM 17233903 ER PT J AU Linder, EV AF Linder, Eric V. TI Cosmology - The universe's skeleton sketched SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7125 BP 274 EP 274 DI 10.1038/nature05522 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 126HT UT WOS:000243504700033 PM 17206153 ER PT J AU Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Roiban, R AF Bern, Z. Dixon, L. J. Roiban, R. TI Is N=8 supergravity ultraviolet finite? SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPER-YANG-MILLS; ONE-LOOP DIVERGENCES; GAUGE-THEORY; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; GRAVITON SCATTERING; COLLINEAR LIMITS; TREE AMPLITUDES; UNITARITY; RENORMALIZABILITY; SUPERSYMMETRY AB Conventional wisdom holds that no four-dimensional gravity field theory can be ultraviolet finite. This understanding is based mainly on power counting. Recent studies confirm that one-loop N = 8 supergravity amplitudes satisfy the so-called "no-triangle hypothesis", which states that triangle and bubble integrals cancel from these amplitudes. A consequence of this hypothesis is that for any number of external legs, at one loop N = 8 supergravity and N = 4 super-Yang-MUls have identical superficial degrees of ultraviolet behavior in D dimensions. We describe how the unitarity method allows us to promote these one-loop cancellations to higher loops, suggesting that previous power counts were too conservative. We discuss higher-loop evidence suggesting that N = 8 supergravity has the same degree of divergence as M = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory and is ultraviolet finite in four dimensions. We comment on calculations needed to reinforce this proposal, which are feasible using the unitarity method. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bern, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bern@physics.ucla.edu NR 61 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 644 IS 4 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.physleth.2006.11.030 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 130LR UT WOS:000243801600009 ER PT J AU Volgraf, M Gorostiza, P Szobota, S Helix, MR Isacoff, EY Trauner, D AF Volgraf, Matthew Gorostiza, Pau Szobota, Stephanie Helix, Max R. Isacoff, Ehud Y. Trauner, Dirk TI Reversibly caged glutamate: A photochromic agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-CONTROL; LIGHT; CHANNELS; PEPTIDE; NEURONS; SWITCH AB The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a photochromic glutamate analogue is described. The molecule functions as a reversibly caged neurotransmitter and can be used to influence neural activity with light. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu; trauner@berkeley.edu RI Gorostiza, Pau/Q-2544-2015 OI Gorostiza, Pau/0000-0002-7268-5577 NR 22 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 260 EP 261 DI 10.1021/ja067269o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 124PJ UT WOS:000243381200009 PM 17212390 ER PT J AU Liu, HT Owen, JS Alivisatos, AP AF Liu, Haitao Owen, Jonathan S. Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Mechanistic study of precursor evolution in colloidal group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOSPHINE-SULFIDES; INORGANIC NANOCRYSTALS; ALTERNATIVE ROUTES; CDTE NANOCRYSTALS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SOLAR-CELLS; CADMIUM(II); NUCLEATION AB The molecular mechanism of precursor evolution in the synthesis of colloidal group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals was studied using H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Tri-n-butylphosphine chalcogenides (TBPE; E = S, Se, Te) react with an oleic acid complex of cadmium or zinc (M-OA; M = Zn, Cd) in a noncoordinating solvent (octadecene (ODE), n-nonane-d(20), or n-decane-d(22)), affording ME nanocrystals, tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (TBPO), and oleic acid anhydride ((OA)(2)O). Likewise, the reaction between trialkylphosphine selenide and cadmium n-octadecylphosphonic acid complex (Cd-ODPA) in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) produces CdSe nanocrystals, trialkylphosphine oxide, and anhydrides of n-octadecylphosphonic acid. The disappearance of tri-n-octylphosphine selenide in the presence of Cd-OA and Cd-ODPA can be fit to a single-exponential decay (k(obs) = (1.30 +/- 0.08) x 10(-3) s(-1), Cd-ODPA, 260 degrees C, and k(obs) = (1.51 +/- 0.04) x 10(-3) s(-1), Cd-OA, 117 degrees C). The reaction approaches completion at 70-80% conversion of TOPSe under anhydrous conditions and 100% conversion in the presence of added water. Activation parameters for the reaction between TBPSe and Cd-OA in n-nonane-d(20) were determined from the temperature dependence of the TBPSe decay over the range of 358-400 K (Delta H = 62.0 +/- 2.8 kJ center dot mol(-1), Delta S = -145 +/- 8 J center dot mol(-1)center dot K-1). A reaction mechanism is proposed where trialkylphsophine chalcogenides deoxygenate the oleic acid or phosphonic acid surfactant to generate trialkylphosphine oxide and oleic or phosphonic acid anhydride products. Results from kinetics experiments suggest that cleavage of the phosphorus chalcogenide double bond (TOPE) proceeds by the nucleophilic attack of phosphonate or oleate on a (TOPE)M complex, generating the initial M-E bond. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Owen, Jonathan/0000-0001-5502-3267 NR 58 TC 250 Z9 252 U1 25 U2 173 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1021/ja0656696 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 124PJ UT WOS:000243381200028 PM 17212409 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Sternberg, M AF Barnard, Amanda S. Sternberg, Michael TI Mapping the location and configuration of nitrogen in diamond nanoparticles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD ELECTRON-EMISSION; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; BUCKY-DIAMOND; NANODIAMOND; FILMS; STABILITY; GROWTH; CARBON; STATE; LUMINESCENCE AB Understanding how impurities such as nitrogen are included in diamond nanoparticles is expected to be important for use in future nanodevices, such as qubits for quantum computing. Most commercial diamond nanoparticles contain approximately 2-3% nitrogen, but it is difficult to determine experimentally whether it is located within the core or at the surface of the nanoparticles. Presented here are density functional tight-binding simulations examining the configuration and potential energy surface of substitutional nitrogen in diamond nanoparticles, directly comparing results of different sizes, shapes and surface chemistry. The results predict that nitrogen is metastable within the core of both hydrogenated and dehydrogenated particles, but that the binding energy, coordination and preferred location is dependent upon the structure of the nanoparticle as a whole. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, AS (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM amanda.barnard@materials.ox.ac.uk; sternberg@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 AR 025702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/2/025702 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 130ZG UT WOS:000243836900021 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Sathyamurthy, S More, KL Li, J Goyal, A AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. Paranthaman, M. Parans Aytug, Tolga Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan More, Karren L. Li, Jing Goyal, Amit TI Electrical properties of epoxy resin based nano-composites SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; FILMS; NANODIELECTRICS; NANOCOMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS; MIXTURES; CHARGE AB We investigate the electrical properties of composite materials prepared as nano- and sub-micron-scale metal-oxide particles embedded in a commercial resin. The filler particles are barium titanate and calcium copper titanate. The physical and structural characteristics of the constituents and the fabricated composites are reported. Electrical characterization of the composite samples is performed using time- and frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy techniques. The electrical breakdown strength of samples with nano- and sub-micron-sized particles have better electrical insulation properties than the unfilled resin. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Supercond Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37832 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Chem Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37832 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Supercond & Energy Efficient mat Grp, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grp Mat Sci & Technol Div, Microscopy Microananl & Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37832 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Supercond Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37832 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 25 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 35 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 AR 025703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/2/025703 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 130ZG UT WOS:000243836900022 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA Robinson, BA AF Vrugt, Jasper A. Robinson, Bruce A. TI Treatment of uncertainty using ensemble methods: Comparison of sequential data assimilation and Bayesian model averaging SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; OPTIMIZATION; SELECTION; OUTPUTS AB [1] Predictive uncertainty analysis in hydrologic modeling has become an active area of research, the goal being to generate meaningful error bounds on model predictions. State-space filtering methods, such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), have shown the most flexibility to integrate all sources of uncertainty. However, predictive uncertainty analyses are typically carried out using a single conceptual mathematical model of the hydrologic system, rejecting a priori valid alternative plausible models and possibly underestimating uncertainty in the model itself. Methods based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA) have also been proposed in the statistical and meteorological literature as a means to account explicitly for conceptual model uncertainty. The present study compares the performance and applicability of the EnKF and BMA for probabilistic ensemble streamflow forecasting, an application for which a robust comparison of the predictive skills of these approaches can be conducted. The results suggest that for the watershed under consideration, BMA cannot achieve a performance matching that of the EnKF method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vrugt, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vrugt@lanl.gov RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 NR 47 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 9 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 AR W01411 DI 10.1029/2005WR004838 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 131EY UT WOS:000243852300002 ER PT J AU Lavraud, B Jordanova, VK AF Lavraud, Benoit Jordanova, Vania K. TI Modeling the effects of cold-dense and hot-tenuous plasma sheet on proton ring current energy and peak location SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; STORM; ACCESS; MAGNETOSPHERE; FIELDS; IONS AB [1] We have run kinetic ring current simulations with different plasma boundary conditions, but preserving a constant plasma pressure, during a "test'' time interval conducive to a storm. Although the energy density of the injected plasma is kept constant, the resulting proton ring current energy is significantly increased as the injected plasma is colder and denser. Investigation of the separate effects of density and temperature shows that (1) ring current strength is primarily controlled by density, and that (2) colder plasma leads to a ring current peak closer to Earth and to midnight, but density has no effect. While cold plasma may convect deeper inside the ring current region, hotter plasma is more subject to magnetic drifts and quickly drifts toward dusk with lower energization. These results support the idea that the presence of cold and dense plasma in the magnetotail may lead to increased ring current during an ensuing storm. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lavraud, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lavraud@lanl.gov OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 AR L02102 DI 10.1029/2006GL027566 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 131DK UT WOS:000243848200001 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Choi, YS Kang, K Yang, SI AF Kim, Seon Ho Choi, Young-Suk Kang, Kyongha Yang, Sung Ik TI Controlled growth of bismuth nanoparticles by electron beam irradiation in TEM SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Bi nanoparticles; TEM irradiation; rhombic structure ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NANOWIRES AB In situ nanometer-sized bismuth particles were synthesized by irradiation of the electron beam in the TEM. The size of the crystalline Bi nanoparticles could be controlled by adjusting the irradiation time of the electron beam. Characterization of TEM reveals that the Bi nanoparticles exist in rhombic structure, same as to bulk Bi. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Environm & Appl Chem, Yongin 449701, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Environm & Appl Chem, Yongin 449701, South Korea. EM kkang@bnl.gov; siyang@khu.ac.kr NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 427 IS 1-2 BP 330 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.03.016 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 129NI UT WOS:000243735800061 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Toth, M Baumann, TF Hamza, AV Ilavsky, J Knowles, WR Saw, CK Thiel, BL Tileli, V van Buuren, T Wang, YM Willey, TM AF Kucheyev, Sergei O. Toth, Milos Baumann, Theodore F. Hamza, Alex V. Ilavsky, Jan Knowles, W. Ralph Saw, Cheng K. Thiel, Bradley L. Tileli, Vasiliki van Buuren, Tony Wang, Y. Morris Willey, Trevor M. TI Structure of low-density nanoporous dielectrics revealed by low-vacuum electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SILICA AEROGEL AB Aerogels (AGs) are ultralow-density nanoporous solids that have numerous potential applications. However, as most AGs are strong insulators with poor mechanical properties, direct studies of the complex nanoporous structure of AGs by methods such as atomic force and conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have not proven feasible. Here, we use low-vacuum SEM to image directly the ligament and pore size and shape distributions of representative AGs over a wide range of length scales (similar to 10(0)-10(5) nm). The structural information obtained is used for unambiguous, real-space interpretation of small-angle X-ray scattering curves for these complex nanoporous systems. Low-vacuum SEM permits imaging of both cross-sections and skin layers of AG monoliths. Images of skin layers reveal the presence of microcracks, which alter the properties of cast monolithic AGs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FEI Co, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; Toth, Milos/B-5917-2013; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010; OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; Toth, Milos/0000-0003-1564-4899; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034; Tileli, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0520-6900 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1021/la0619729 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 124AF UT WOS:000243338500003 PM 17209574 ER PT J AU Polsky, R Harper, JC Dirk, SM Arango, DC Wheeler, DR Brozik, SM AF Polsky, Ronen Harper, Jason C. Dirk, Shawn M. Arango, Dulce C. Wheeler, David R. Brozik, Susan M. TI Diazonium-functionalized horseradish peroxidase immobilized via addressable electrodeposition: Direct electron transfer and electrochemical detection SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LAYER-BY-LAYER; GRAPHITE ELECTRODE; ENZYME ELECTRODES; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; FILMS; GOLD; NANOPARTICLE; SURFACES AB A simple one-step procedure is introduced for the preparation of diazonium-enzyme adducts. The direct electrically addressable deposition of diazonium-modified enzymes is examined for electrochemical sensor applications. The deposition of diazonium-horseradish peroxidase leads to the direct electron transfer between the enzyme and electrode exhibiting a heterogeneous rate constant, k(s), of 10.3 +/- 0.7 s(-1) and a Delta E-p of 8 mV (v = 150 mV/s). The large k(s) and low Delta E-p are attributed to the intimate contact between enzyme and electrode attached by one to three phenyl molecules. Such an electrode shows high nonmediated catalytic activity toward H2O2 reduction. Future generations of arrayed electrochemical sensors and studies of direct electron transfer of enzymes can benefit from protein electrodes prepared by this method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brozik, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smbrozi@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 364 EP 366 DI 10.1021/la062916a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 124AF UT WOS:000243338500006 PM 17209577 ER PT J AU Page, PM McCarty, TA Baker, GA Baker, SN Bright, FV AF Page, Phillip M. McCarty, Taylor A. Baker, Gary A. Baker, Sheila N. Bright, Frank V. TI Comparison of dansylated aminopropyl controlled pore glass solvated by molecular and ionic liquids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED SILICA SURFACES; SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOBILE-PHASE COMPOSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STATIONARY-PHASE; BOUND PYRENE; FLUORESCENCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CATALYSIS; HETEROGENEITY AB We compare how (i) four ionic liquids (ILs) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C(4)mim][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(4)mim][Tf2N]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(4)mpy][Tf2N]), and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([P(C-6)(3)C-14][Tf2N])) and (ii) two conventional molecular liquids (methanol and 1-octanol) solvate/wet luminescent organic moieties that are covalently attached to the surface of silica controlled pore glass (CPG). A series of aminopropyl CPG particles that have been covalently tagged with the solvatochromic fluorescent probe group dansyl were used in this study. The results demonstrate that ILs solvate/wet the silica surface differently in comparison to molecular liquids (MLs). Specifically, when comparing ILs and MLs that appear to solvate the free probe, dansylpropylsulfonamide (DPSA), equally in solution, we find that ILs do not solvate/wet the silica surfaces as well as the corresponding MLs. The cation component in these ILs is the significant factor in how the ILs solvate/wet silica surfaces. Solvation/wetting of surface-bound species at a silica surface depends on the cation size. Chlorosilane end-capping of the surface silanol and amine residues attenuates the cation's affects. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bright, FV (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM chefvb@buffalo.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 NR 82 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 843 EP 849 DI 10.1021/la0621867 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 124AF UT WOS:000243338500071 PM 17209642 ER PT J AU Brandes, JA Ingall, E Paterson, D AF Brandes, Jay A. Ingall, Ellery Paterson, David TI Characterization of minerals and organic phosphorus species in marine sediments using soft X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; X-ray microscopy; spectroscopy; apatite; polyphosphate; phosphonate; marine sediments ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; AUTHIGENIC APATITE FORMATION; EDGE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; P-31 NMR; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE MINERALS; PHOSPHATE AB Phosphorus Near Edge X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (P-NEXFS) data were collected on phosphorus containing phases including organic and inorganic compounds and minerals. Although phases containing P in the plus five oxidation state P(V) in a tetrahedral PO(4) structure have similar primary fluorescence peak positions, the size, shape, and positions of secondary spectral features are diagnostic for different compounds and minerals. In particular, calcium phosphates exhibited a notable post-peak shoulder at 2154.5 eV, while oxidized iron phosphates had a distinctive pre-peak feature at 2148 eV Polyphosphates have a broad secondary peak located approximately 2 eV higher in energy than a similar feature in phosphate esters and diesters. Compounds containing P(V) in structures other than PO(4) tetrahedra such as phosphonates have a primary peak shifted about 1 eV lower than corresponding organo-phosphates. Organo-phosphates with P in the plus three oxidation state P(III) such as phosphines had primary fluorescence peaks shifted still further down in energy (2-3 eV). The substitution of aromatic carbon groups in close proximity to P structures in organic compounds generated both pre- and post-peak features as well as a number of secondary peaks. In addition, X-ray fluorescence mapping of P, Si, Al, Mg, and Na was conducted on a marine sediment sample with sub-micron spatial resolution. Phosphorus was heterogeneously distributed in the sample and not correlated on a broad scale with any other element examined. Much of the P present in the sample was located in small, 0.6-8 win size, P-rich domains. Several P-rich regions were examined with P-NEXFS using a focused beam with 60 nm resolution and were found to consist of either calcium phosphate or polyphosphate phases. The presence of significant polyphosphate-dominated regions in a marine sediment sample supports the recent observations that such phases can play an important role in marine P cycling. The combination of fluorescence mapping and P-NEXFS data collection on fine particles provides a powerful new tool for environmental phosphorus studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brandes, JA (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM jay.brandes@skio.usg.edu RI Ingall, Ellery/A-5447-2008 OI Ingall, Ellery/0000-0003-1954-0317 NR 74 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.09.004 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 138VS UT WOS:000244392000004 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA Robinson, BA AF Vrugt, Jasper A. Robinson, Bruce A. TI Improved evolutionary optimization from genetically adaptive multimethod search SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolutionary search; multiple objectives; optimization problems; Pareto front ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB In the last few decades, evolutionary algorithms have emerged as a revolutionary approach for solving search and optimization problems involving multiple conflicting objectives. Beyond their ability to search intractably large spaces for multiple solutions, these algorithms are able to maintain a diverse population of solutions and exploit similarities of solutions by recombination. However, existing theory and numerical experiments have demonstrated that it is impossible to develop a single algorithm for population evolution that is always efficient for a diverse set of optimization problems. Here we show that significant improvements in the efficiency of evolutionary search can be achieved by running multiple optimization algorithms simultaneously using new concepts of global information sharing and genetically adaptive offspring creation. We call this approach a multialgorithm, genetically adaptive multiobjective, or AMALGAM, method, to evoke the image of a procedure that merges the strengths of different optimization algorithms. Benchmark results using a set of well known multiobjective test problems show that AMALGAM approaches a factor of 10 improvement over current optimization algorithms for the more complex, higher dimensional problems. The AMALGAM method provides new opportunities for solving previously intractable optimization problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vrugt, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6,Mail Stop T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vrugt@lanl.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 22 TC 227 Z9 231 U1 1 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 708 EP 711 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610471104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129WP UT WOS:000243761100006 PM 17215363 ER PT J AU Savage, VM West, GB AF Savage, Van M. West, Geoffrey B. TI A quantitative, theoretical framework for understanding mammalian sleep SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE allometric scaling; brain; cellular repair; metabolic rate; sleep times ID CELL-SIZE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; BRAIN SIZE; BODY SIZE; DEPRIVATION; HYPOTHESIS; NORMALITY; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; WHALE AB Sleep is one of the most noticeable and widespread phenomena occurring in multicellular animals. Nevertheless, no consensus for a theory of its origins has emerged. In particular, no explicit, quantitative theory exists that elucidates or distinguishes between the myriad hypotheses proposed for sleep. Here, we develop a general, quantitative theory for mammalian sleep that relates many of its fundamental parameters to metabolic rate and body size. Several mechanisms suggested for the function of sleep can be placed in this framework, e.g., cellular repair of damage caused by metabolic processes as well as cortical reorganization to process sensory input. Our theory leads to predictions for sleep time, sleep cycle time, and rapid eye movement time as functions of body and brain mass, and it explains, for example, why mice sleep approximate to 14 hours per day relative to the 3.5 hours per day that elephants sleep. Data for 96 species of mammals, spanning six orders of magnitude in body size, are consistent with these predictions and provide strong evidence that time scales for sleep are set by the brain's, not the whole-body, metabolic rate. C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Bauer Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Savage, VM (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM van_savage@hms.harvard.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM068763, 1P50 GM 68763-02] NR 54 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610080104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129WP UT WOS:000243761100066 PM 17215372 ER PT J AU Bakry, R Bonn, GK Mair, D Svec, F AF Bakry, Rania Bonn, Gunther K. Mair, Dieudonne Svec, Frantisek TI Monolithic porous polymer layer for the separation of peptides and proteins using thin-layer chromatography coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE MEMBRANE CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; STATIONARY PHASES; SMALL MOLECULES; MATRIX; TIME; PLATES AB Plates for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with an attached layer of porous polymer monolith have been prepared and used for the separation of small molecules, peptides, and proteins. The 50-200-mu m. thin poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) layers were prepared in situ using UV-initiated polymerization. Precise control of the reaction conditions enables the preparation of monolithic layers with a well-defined porous structure that determines the chromatographic performance. Compared to conventional TLC and high-performance TLC using precoated layers based on silica, the small layer thickness and absence of any binder is expected to improve both retention characteristics and separation efficiency of the polymer-based monolithic thin-layer chromatographic plates. Spots of the separated compounds were first detected using typical UV imaging. Since the monolithic thin layers can be also prepared directly on the stainless steel MALDI carrier plate, the separation in TLC format can be coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS. Application of a conventional MALDI matrix facilitated desorption and ionization of peptides and proteins for molecular weight determination of the separated compounds. C1 Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Analyt Chem & Radiochem, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bakry, R (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM Rania.Bakry@uibk.ac.at RI Bakry, Rania/J-2977-2012 OI Bakry, Rania/0000-0001-5153-895X NR 45 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1021/ac061527i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 125BF UT WOS:000243415800011 PM 17222011 ER PT J AU Edirisinghe, PD Moore, JF Skinner-Nemec, KA Lindberg, C Giometti, CS Veryovkin, IV Hunt, JE Pellin, MJ Hanley, L AF Edirisinghe, Praneeth D. Moore, Jerry F. Skinner-Nemec, Kelly A. Lindberg, Carl Giometti, Carol S. Veryovkin, Igor V. Hunt, Jerry E. Pellin, Michael J. Hanley, Luke TI Detection of in situ derivatized peptides in microbial biofilms by laser desorption 7.87 eV postionizaton mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-PHOTON IONIZATION; 6-AMINOQUINOLYL-N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDYL CARBAMATE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; AMINO-ACIDS; BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; BACTERIA; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION AB A novel analytical method based on laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) was developed to investigate the competence and sporulation factora pentapeptide of amino acid sequence ERGMTwithin intact Bacillus subtilis biofilms. Derivatization of the neat ERGMT peptide with quinoline- and anthracene-based tags was separately used to lower the peptide ionization potential and permit direct ionization by 7.87-eV vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The techniques of mass shifting and selective ionization of the derivatized peptide were combined here to permit detection of ERGMT peptide within intact biofilms by LDPI-MS, without any prior extraction or chromatographic separation. Finally, imaging MS specific to the derivatized peptide was demonstrated on an intact biofilm using LDPI-MS. The presence of ERGMT in the biofilms was verified by bulk extraction/LC-MS. However, MALDI imaging MS analyses were unable to detect ERGMT within intact biofilms. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MassThink, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. RP Hanley, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lhanley@uic.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1021/ac0615605 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 125BF UT WOS:000243415800014 PM 17222014 ER PT J AU Luo, Q Page, JS Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Luo, Quanzhou Page, Jason S. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI MicroSPE-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS using 10-mu m-i.d. Silica-based monolithic columns for proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITH; CODED AFFINITY TAGS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; ASSISTED ELECTROSPRAY; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; TRYPTIC DIGESTS; ATTOMOLE LEVEL; MS AB Silica-based monolithic capillary columns (25 cm x 10 mu m i.d.) with integrated nanoESI emitters have been developed to provide high-quality and robust microSPE-nanoLC-ESI-MS analyses. The integrated nanoESI emitter adds no dead volume to the LC separation, allowing stable electrospray operation at flow rates of similar to 10 nL/min. In an initial application with a linear ion trap MS, we identified 5510 unique peptides that covered 1443 distinct Shewanella oneidensis proteins from a 300-ng tryptic digest sample in a single 4-h LC-MS/MS analysis. The use of an integrated monolithic ESI emitter provided enhanced resistance to clogging and provided good run-to-run reproducibility. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Luo, Quanzhou/B-4908-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 540 EP 545 DI 10.1021/ac061603h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 125BF UT WOS:000243415800018 PM 17222018 ER PT J AU O'Brien, M O'Kiely, P Forristal, PD Fuller, HT AF O'Brien, Martin O'Kiely, Padraig Forristal, Patrick D. Fuller, Hubert T. TI Quantification and identification of fungal propagules in well-managed baled grass silage and in normal on-farm produced bales SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baled silage; mould; yeast; fungal propagules; Penicillium roqueforti ID PENICILLIUM-ROQUEFORTI; ENUMERATION; ADDITIVES; YEASTS; FOOD AB The viable fungal spora of baled grass silage was quantified and identified. One group of bales (Experiment 1, n = 15) was wrapped in 6 layers of polythene, and was handled and stored for 6 weeks under well-managed conditions. This silage was free of visible fungal contamination after 6 weeks and the film surrounding these bales was visibly undamaged. Moulds were cultured from 9/15 bales, while yeasts were cultured from all bales. A second group of bales (Experiment 2, n = 18) from 9 farms, were wrapped in 4 layers of film, handled and stored for 8 months using normal on-farm procedures. Visible fungal contamination was observed on the surface of most of these bales (15/18) and the film surrounding some bales (8/18) was damaged. In silage sampled from parts of bales that were visually non-mouldy, yeasts were cultured from all bales and moulds from 15/18 bales. Bales in the well-managed group (Experiment 1) had numerically lower numbers of yeasts (mean: 9.7 x 10(3) colony-forming units per grain of silage, cfu/g) and lower numbers of moulds (< 10(1) cfu/g) compared to the normal on-farm produced group (2.3 x 10(5) yeast and 1.5 x 10(5) mould cfu/g; Experiment 2). The most common yeasts in each group of bales were Saccharomyces exiguus (12/15 bales; Experiment 1) and Pichiafermentans (11/18 bales; Experiment 2) and their numbers in all bales ranged from 0 to 10(5) cfu/g (mean: 8.4 x 10(3)) and 0 to 1.5 x 10(6) cfu/g (mean: 1.2 x 10(5)), respectively. Bales contaminated with visible mould growth on their surfaces had higher yeast and mould numbers in visually non-mouldy parts adjacent to the contaminated areas than bales that had no visible mould. Mould numbers were higher (P < 0.05) in bales where the polythene film was visibly damaged compared to bales where the polythene film appeared intact. Penicillium roqueforti was not cultured from the well-managed bales, but it was the most common mould in bales prepared using normal on-farm procedures (13/18 bales); propagule numbers in bales ranged from 0 to 7.1 x 10(5) (mean: 1 x 10(5) cfu/g). Low numbers of mould propagules, the absence of viable P. roqueforti spores and the absence of mould growth in well-managed bales, emphasises the benefit of applying sufficient film and preventing it from becoming damaged during bale handling and storage. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Co Carlow, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Coll Life Sci, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP O'Brien, M (reprint author), TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM martin.obrien@teagasc.ie OI O'Brien, Martin/0000-0003-1096-1991 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.04.013 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 127IN UT WOS:000243579200009 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Analysis of three-dimensional grids: The estimation of two missing data SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE data replacement; response surface; experimental design; operational equations; prismatic array AB Two data that are missing from the eight- or nine-point prismatic array can often be estimated if the measurements can modeled by linear, quadratic, exponential, or trigonometric forms. The estimates are easily obtained and they are potentially useful when laboratory work is routine or expensive. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 184 IS 2 BP 743 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.05.170 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 167DP UT WOS:000246431500058 ER PT J AU Chu, JP Wijaya, H Wu, CW Tsai, TR Wei, CS Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J AF Chu, J. P. Wijaya, H. Wu, C. W. Tsai, T. R. Wei, C. S. Nieh, T. G. Wadsworth, Jeffrey TI Nanoimprint of gratings on a bulk metallic glass SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The authors demonstrate that optical gratings with 600 and 1500 nm periods on a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass (BMG) can be faithfully imprinted in air from Si dies. Results of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and optical diffraction analysis show the fine line feature of similar to 150 nm. The gratings have smooth and uniform surface profiles with comparable optical properties as the original Si dies. The BMG gratings can be further used to imprint the second-generation replicas on polymethylmethacrylate. Thereby, BMG is a suitable material not only for imprinting nanostructured parts such as gratings, but also as a good die material for nanoimprints. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Mech & Mechatron Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Optoelect Sci, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Nano Electro Mech Syst Res Ctr, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chu, JP (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. EM jpchu@mail.ntou.edu.tw RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 9 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 AR 034101 DI 10.1063/1.2431710 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JR UT WOS:000243582400101 ER PT J AU Shulman, J Tsui, S Chen, F Xue, YY Chu, CW AF Shulman, J. Tsui, S. Chen, F. Xue, Y. Y. Chu, C. W. TI Plasmalike negative capacitance in nanocolloids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODES; ORIGIN AB A negative capacitance has been observed in a nanocolloid between 0.1 and 10(-5) Hz. The response is linear over a broad range of conditions. The low-omega dispersions of both the resistance and capacitance are consistent with the free-carrier plasma model, while the transient behavior demonstrates a possible energy storage mechanism. A collective excitation, therefore, is suggested. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Shulman, J (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 202 Houston Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM cwchu@uh.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 AR 032902 DI 10.1063/1.2431782 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JR UT WOS:000243582400061 ER PT J AU Wescott, JT Kung, P Maiti, A AF Wescott, James T. Kung, Paul Maiti, Amitesh TI Conductivity of carbon nanotube polymer composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; PERCOLATION; COPOLYMERS AB Dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to investigate methods of controlling the assembly of percolating networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in thin films of block copolymer melts. For suitably chosen polymers the CNTs were found to spontaneously self-assemble into topologically interesting patterns. The mesoscale morphology was projected onto a finite-element grid and the electrical conductivity of the films computed. The conductivity displayed nonmonotonic behavior as a function of relative polymer fractions in the melt. Results are compared and contrasted with CNT dispersion in small-molecule fluids and mixtures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Accelrys Ltd, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wescott, JT (reprint author), Accelrys Ltd, 334 Cambridge Sci Pk, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. EM jwescott@accelrys.com; maiti2@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 AR 033116 DI 10.1063/1.2432237 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JR UT WOS:000243582400082 ER PT J AU Wu, AT Mammosser, J Phillips, L Delayen, J Reece, C Wilkerson, A Smith, D Ike, R AF Wu, Andy T. Mammosser, John Phillips, Larry Delayen, Jean Reece, Charles Wilkerson, Amy Smith, David Ike, Robert TI Smooth Nb surfaces fabricated by buffered electropolishing SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface property; surface treatment; particle accelerator; niobium; superconducting radio frequency cavity; electropolishing ID NIOBIUM AB It was demonstrated that smooth Nb surfaces could be obtained through buffered electropolishing (BEP) employing an electrolyte consisting of lactic, sulfuric. and hydrofluoric acids. Parameters that control the polishing process were optimized to achieve a smooth surface finish. The polishing rate of BEP was determined to be 0.646 mu m/min which was much higher than 0.381 mu m/min achieved by the conventional electropolishing (EP) process widely used in the superconducting radio frequency (SRF) community. Root mean square measurements using a 3D profilometer revealed that Nb surfaces treated by BEP were an order of magnitude smoother than those treated by the optimized EP process. The chemical composition of the Nb surfaces after BEP was analyzed by static and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) systems. SIMS results implied that the surface oxide structure of Nb might be more complicated than what usually believed and could be inhomogeneous. Preliminary results of BEP on Nb SRF single cell cavities and half-cells were reported. It was shown that smooth and bright surfaces could be obtained in 1800 s when the electric field inside a SRF cavity was uniform during a BEP process. This study showed that BEP is a promising technique for surface treatment on Nb SRF cavities to be used in particle accelerators. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Wu, AT (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM andywu@jlab.org NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 6 BP 3041 EP 3052 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.06.060 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 130WP UT WOS:000243830000008 ER PT J AU Luo, F Yang, YF Chen, CF Chang, R Zhou, JZ Scheuermann, RH AF Luo, Feng Yang, Yunfeng Chen, Chin-Fu Chang, Roger Zhou, Jizhong Scheuermann, Richard H. TI Modular organization of protein interaction networks SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL MODULES; METABOLIC NETWORKS; CELLULAR NETWORKS; YEAST; COMPLEXES; DATABASE; CELLS AB Motivation: Accumulating evidence suggests that biological systems are composed of interacting, separable, functional modules. Identifying these modules is essential to understand the organization of biological systems. Result: In this paper, we present a framework to identify modules within biological networks. In this approach, the concept of degree is extended from the single vertex to the sub-graph, and a formal definition of module in a network is used. A new agglomerative algorithm was developed to identify modules from the network by combining the new module definition with the relative edge order generated by the Girvan-Newman (G-N) algorithm. A JAVA program, MoNet, was developed to implement the algorithm. Applying MoNet to the yeast core protein interaction network from the database of interacting proteins (DIP) identified 86 simple modules with sizes larger than three proteins. The modules obtained are significantly enriched in proteins with related biological process Gene Ontology terms. A comparison between the MoNet modules and modules defined by Radicchi et al. (2004) indicates that MoNet modules show stronger co-clustering of related genes and are more robust to ties in betweenness values. Further, the MoNet output retains the adjacent relationships between modules and allows the construction of an interaction web of modules providing insight regarding the relationships between different functional modules. Thus, MoNet provides an objective approach to understand the organization and interactions of biological processes in cellular systems. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. SW Texas State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Luo, F (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 100 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM luofeng@cs.clemson.edu RI Yang, Yunfeng/H-9853-2013; OI Yang, Yunfeng/0000-0001-8274-6196; Scheuermann, Richard/0000-0003-1355-892X FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI40041, N01-AI40076] NR 27 TC 85 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 EI 1460-2059 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl562 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 133DQ UT WOS:000243992400049 PM 17092991 ER PT J AU Yao, ES Zhang, H Chen, YY Lee, B Chew, K Moore, D Park, C AF Yao, Evelyn S. Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunn-Yi Lee, Brian Chew, Karen Moore, Dan Park, Catherine TI Increased beta(1) integrin is associated with decreased survival in invasive breast cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED DRUG-RESISTANCE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; POOR PROGNOSTIC-FACTOR; CARCINOMA-CELLS; IN-VIVO; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE; MAMMARY EPITHELIUM; LAMININ RECEPTOR; BETA-1 INTEGRINS AB Aberrant microenvironments and loss of balance in cellextracellular matrix signaling are associated with breast cancer invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. We have recently shown that increased beta(1) integrin signaling is involved in malignant progression and that inhibitory antibody to beta(1) integrin leads to selective apoptosis and decreased proliferation in three-dimensional cultures and in xenograft models of breast cancer in vivo. To investigate the clinical importance of these findings, in the present study we examined the expression of, integrin and extracellular beta(1) integrin ligands fibronectin and laminin-1 in a cohort of 249 breast cancer patients who had a median follow-up of 8.4 years. Among the 149 scorable cases, the highest beta(1) integrin intensity score (3+ versus 0-2+) was associated with significantly decreased 10-year overall survival of 48% versus 71% (P < 0.03) and decreased disease-free survival of 50% versus 80% (P < 0.05). Importantly, high fibronectin expression was associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival on univariate analysis (P < 0.04) and beta 1 integrin intensity score was sianificantiv correlated with fibronectin expression (Kendall's tau-b 0.19; P = 0.03). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, beta 1 integrin intensity score remained a sianificant independent predictor of overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (95% Cl), 1.19-2.38; P < 0.003] and disease-free survival (HR, 1.87; 95% Cl. 1.21-2.88; P < 0.005). These findings show that 01 integrin expression has potential prognostic value in invasive breast cancer and that coexpression of fibronectin may help identify, patients with more aggressive tumors who may benefit from targeted therapy. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, Mt Zion Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, Mt Zion Canc Ctr, 1600 Divisadero St H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM Catherine.park@ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA58207-08, R01 CA124891] NR 41 TC 128 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2768 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 128TZ UT WOS:000243683000030 PM 17234776 ER PT J AU Climent, J Dimitrow, P Fridlyand, J Palacios, J Siebert, R Albertson, DG Gray, JW Pinkel, D Lluch, A Martinez-Climent, JA AF Climent, Joan Dimitrow, Peter Fridlyand, Jane Palacios, Jose Siebert, Reiner Albertson, Donna G. Gray, Joe W. Pinkel, Daniel Lluch, Ana Martinez-Climent, Jose A. TI Deletion of chromosome 11q predicts response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy in early breast cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; INTERNATIONAL EXPERT CONSENSUS; DNA-DAMAGE; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; PRIMARY THERAPY; CELL LYMPHOMA; SURVIVAL; MICROARRAYS; RECURRENCE; TUMORS AB Despite the recent consensus on the eligibility of adjuvant systemic therapy in patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer (NNBC) based on clinicopathologic criteria, specific biological markers are needed to predict sensitivity to the different available therapeutic options. We examined the feasibility of developing a genomic predictor of chemotherapy response and recurrence risk in 185 patients with NNBC using assembled arrays containing 2,460 bacterial artificial chromosome clones for scanning the genome for DNA copy number changes. After surgery, 90 patients received anthracycline-based chemotherapy, whereas 95 did not. Tamoxifen was administered to patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors. The association of genomic and clinicopathologic data and outcome was computed using Cox proportional hazard models and multiple testing adjustment procedures. Analysis of NNBC genomes revealed a common genomic signature. Specific DNA copy number aberrations were associated with hormonal receptor status, but not with other clinicopathologic variables. In patients treated with chemotherapy, none of the genomic changes were significantly correlated with recurrence. In patients not receiving chemotherapy, deletion of eight bacterial artificial chromosome clones clustered to chromosome 11q was independently associated with relapse (disease-free survival at 10 years SE, 40% 14% versus 86% 6%; P < 0.0001). The 54 patients with deletion of 11q (29%) did not present more aggressive clinicopathologic features than those without 11q loss. The adverse influence of 11q deletion on clinical outcome was confirmed in an independent validation series of 88 patients with NNBC. Our data suggests that patients with NNBC with the 11q deletion might benefit from anthracycline-based chemotherapy despite other clinical, pathologic, or genetic features. However, these initial findings should be evaluated in randomized clinical trials. C1 Univ Navarra, Div Oncol, Ctr Appl Med Res, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain. Univ Valencia, Hosp & Clin, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Oncol Res, Mol Pathol Program, Madrid, Spain. Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Human Genet, Kiel, Germany. RP Martinez-Climent, JA (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Div Oncol, Ctr Appl Med Res, Avda Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain. EM jamcliment@unav.es RI Siebert, Reiner/A-8049-2010; Martinez-Climent, Jose/I-9199-2012 OI Martinez-Climent, Jose/0000-0002-7938-3950 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA101359, CA90421] NR 38 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 818 EP 826 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3307 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 128TZ UT WOS:000243683000048 PM 17234794 ER PT J AU Meglicki, Z Gray, SK Norris, B AF Meglicki, Zdzislaw Gray, Stephen K. Norris, Boyana TI Multigrid FDTD with Chombo SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite-difference methods; multigrid methods; adaptive mesh refinement; wave optics; nanoscale structures; nanophotonics; multiscale simulations AB We describe a parallel, multiscale, multigrid, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code for simulating electromagnetic wave propagation in two-dimensional systems involving Lorentz and Drude media. We compare multigrid leapfrog time-stepping procedures and analyze the efficacy and scalability of multigrid use in FDTD. We have implemented the code using Chombo, an object-oriented Loolkit for finite-difference methods on block-structured, adaptively refined rectangular grids. We discuss the advantages of this high-level approach. as opposed to the direct Use Of message-passing libraries. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Indiana Univ, Off Vice President Informat Technol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Meglicki, Z (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Off Vice President Informat Technol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM gustav@indiana.edu OI Norris, Boyana/0000-0001-5811-9731 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 2 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.08.008 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 130QY UT WOS:000243815300004 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Buechele, AC Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Pegg, IL AF McKeown, David A. Buechele, Andrew C. Lukens, Wayne W. Shuh, David K. Pegg, Ian L. TI Tc and Re behavior in borosilicate waste glass vapor hydration tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE HYDRATION; TECHNETIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY AB Technetium, found in some nuclear wastes (such as those generated from spent fuel reprocessing), is of particular concern with regard to long-term waste storage because of its long half-life (2.13 x 10(5) years) and high mobility in the environment. One method of stabilization of such waste is through vitrification to produce a durable borosilicate glass matrix. The fate of Tc under hydrothermal conditions in the vapor hydration test (VHT) was studied to assess and possibly predict the long-term rate of release of Tc from borosilicate waste glass. For comparison, the fate of rhenium, the preferred nonradioactive surrogate for Tc, was similarly studied. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were made on each original borosilicate glass and the corresponding sample after the VHT. Tc K-edge XAS indicates that, despite starting with different Tc(IV) and Tc(VII) distributions in each glass, both corresponding VHT samples contain 100% Tc(IV). The Tc reduction within the VHT samples may be driven by the low-oxygen atmosphere compounded by oxygen depletion from corrosion of the surrounding stainless steel vessel. From SEM analyses, both of the Tc-containing VHT samples show complete alteration of the original glass, significant Tc enrichment near the sample surface, and nearly complete depletion of Tc toward the sample center. XAS indicates Tc(IV)O-6 octahedra, possibly within gel-like amorphous silicates in both VHT samples, where Tc-Tc correlations are observed in the higher Tc-content VHT sample. Re L-II-edge XAS and SEM indicate quite different behavior for Re under VHT conditions. The Re oxidation state appears to be invariant with respect to the VHT treatment, where perrhenate (Re(VII)) species are dominant in all Re-containing samples investigated; Re2O7 concentrations are low near the sample surface and increase to approach that of the unreacted glass toward the sample center. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Actinide Chem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKeown, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM davidm@vsl.cua.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1021/es061306u PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200020 PM 17310703 ER PT J AU McKinley, JP Zachara, JM Smith, SC Liu, C AF McKinley, J. P. Zachara, J. M. Smith, S. C. Liu, C. TI Cation exchange reactions controlling desorption of Sr-90(2+) from coarse-grained contaminated sediments at the Hanford site, Washington SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STRONTIUM IONS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CALCITE; SORPTION; CESIUM; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT AB Nuclear waste that bore Sr-90(2+) was accidentally leaked into the vadose zone at the Hanford site, and was immobilized at relatively shallow depths in sediments containing little apparent clay or silt-sized components. Sr2+, Sr-90(2+), Mg2+, and Ca2+ was desorbed and total inorganic carbon concentration was monitored during the equilibration of this sediment with varying concentrations of Na+, Ca-2 divided by. A cation exchange model previously developed for similar sediments was applied to these results as a predictor of final solution compositions. The model included binary exchange reactions for the four operant cations and an equilibrium dissolution/precipitation reaction for calcite. The model successfully predicted the desorption data. The contaminated sediment was also examined using digital autoradiography, a sensitive tool for imaging the distribution of radioactivity. The exchanger phase containing Sr-90 was found to consist of smectite formed from weathering of mesostasis glass in basaltic lithic fragments. These clasts are a significant component of Hanford formation sands. The relatively small but significant cation exchange capacity of these sediments was thus a consequence of reaction with physically sequestered clays in sediment that contained essentially no fine-grained material. The nature of this exchange component explained the relatively slow (scale of days) evolution of desorption solutions. The experimental and model results indicated that there is little risk of migration of Sr-90(2+) to the water table. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McKinley, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.mckinley@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 67 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 305 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.027 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 125XQ UT WOS:000243477200003 ER PT J AU Mendel, JM Wu, HW AF Mendel, Jerry M. Wu, Hongwei TI New results about the centroid of an interval type-2 fuzzy set, including the centroid of a fuzzy granule SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE centroid; centroid properties; interval type-2 fuzzy set; type-2 fuzzy set; fuzzy granule ID LOGIC SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE FILTERS; MOBILE ROBOTS; DESIGN AB The centroid of an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) provides a measure of the uncertainty of such a FS. Its calculation is very widely used in interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems. In this paper, we present properties about the centroid of an IT2 FS. We also illustrate many of the general results for a T2 fuzzy granule (FG) in order to develop some understanding about the uncertainty of the FG in terms of its vertical and horizontal dimensions. At present, the T2 FG is the only IT2 FS for which it is possible to obtain closed-form formulas for the centroid, and those formulas are in this paper. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Signal & Image Proc, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mendel, JM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Signal & Image Proc, 3740 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM mendel@sipi.usc.edu; hongweiw@csbl.bmb.uga.edu NR 23 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 EI 1872-6291 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 2 BP 360 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2006.03.003 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 112EV UT WOS:000242509400003 ER PT J AU Vogler, TJ Lee, MY Grady, DE AF Vogler, T. J. Lee, M. Y. Grady, D. E. TI Static and dynamic compaction of ceramic powders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE compaction; shock waves; granular materials; ceramics; static; dynamic ID DUCTILE POROUS MATERIALS; SHOCK-COMPRESSION; LOCALIZED DENSIFICATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HIGH-PRESSURES; PORE-COLLAPSE; ALUMINUM; EQUATION; CONSOLIDATION; COMPOSITES AB The static and dynamic compaction of ceramic powders was investigated experimentally using a high-pressure friction-compensated press to achieve static stresses of 1.6 GPa and with a novel gas gun setup to stresses of 5.9 GPa for a tungsten carbide powder. Experiments were performed in the partial compaction region to nearly full compaction. The effects of variables including initial density, particle size distribution, particle morphology, and loading path were investigated in the static experiments. Only particle morphology was found to significantly affect the compaction response. Post-test examination of the powder reveals fracture of the grains as well as breaking at particle edges. In dynamic experiments, steady structured compaction waves traveling at very low velocities were observed. The strain rate within the compaction waves was found to scale nearly linearly with the shock stress, in contrast with many fully dense materials where strain rate scales with stress to the fourth power. Similar scaling is found for data from the literature on TiO(2) powder. The dynamic response of WC powder is found to be significantly stiffer than the static response, probably because deformation in the dynamic case is confined to the relatively narrow compaction wave front. Comparison of new static powder compaction results with shock data from the literature for SiO(2) also reveals a stiffer dynamic response. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solid Dynam & Energet Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Vogler, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solid Dynam & Energet Mat Dept, MS 1181,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjvogle@sandia.gov RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 72 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 636 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.05.001 PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 121GE UT WOS:000243145300016 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ AF Agassi, D. Christen, D. K. Pennycook, S. J. TI Thickness-dependent pinning in a superconductor thin film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; COATED CONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; DEPOSITION; CONVERSION; STRIP AB The dependence of critical current density j(c) on film thickness (d) is calculated for the simple configuration of a semi-infinite finite-thickness superconductor film and a single vortex. This film-thickness dependence reflects the impact of vortex broadening in a thin film on its pinning by the film's edge or an internal surface. The calculated film-thickness variation of j(c) in the range d/lambda < 2, where lambda denotes the penetration depth, is found to be proportional to d(-1/2). A parameter-free estimate of the ensuing critical current is within a factor of 3 of observed values in YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors. It is argued that this type of film-thickness scaling applies beyond the simple configuration considered here. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM yehoshua.agassi@navy.mil NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023916 DI 10.1063/1.2399898 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800088 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE AF Barlow, S. E. TI The mass multiplet in Penning trap ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; ENVELOPE EQUATIONS; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; THERMAL EQUILIBRIA; SPACE-CHARGE; SPECTROMETRY; COLUMN; MODE; CELL AB A model for the behavior of closely spaced masses-the "mass multiplet"-in a Penning trap mass spectrometer is developed. The model shows how these species separate from each other (or not) following resonant excitation, and gives quantitative criteria for mass separation. More surprisingly, the model shows the species tend to drift to different mean cyclotron radii. This latter effect undoubtedly plays a role in the problem of abundance determinations in Penning trap mass spectrometers. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024919 DI 10.1063/1.2397382 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800168 ER PT J AU Brown, EN Trujillo, CP Gray, GT Rae, PJ Bourne, NK AF Brown, E. N. Trujillo, C. P. Gray, G. T., III Rae, P. J. Bourne, N. K. TI Soft recovery of polytetrafluoroethylene shocked through the crystalline phase II-III transition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; CU-AL ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LARGE-STRAIN; POLYMERS; STATE; POLYMERIZATION; COMPRESSION; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) AB Polymers are increasingly being utilized as monolithic materials and composite matrices for structural applications historically reserved for metals. High strain-rate applications in aerospace, defense, and the automotive industries have lead to interest in the shock response of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the ensuing changes in polymer structure due to shock prestraining. We present an experimental study of crystalline structure evolution due to pressure-induced phase transitions in a semicrystalline polymer using soft-recovery, shock loading techniques coupled with mechanical and chemical postshock analyses. Gas-launched, plate impact experiments have been performed on pedigreed PTFE 7C, mounted in momentum trapped, shock assemblies, with impact pressures above and below the phase II to phase III crystalline transition. Below the phase transition only subtle changes were observed in the crystallinity, microstructure, and mechanical response of PTFE. Shock loading of PTFE 7C above the phase II-III transition was seen to cause both an increase in crystallinity from 38% to similar to 53% (by differential scanning calorimetry) and a finer crystalline microstructure, and changed the yield and flow stress behavior. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov; cptrujillo@lanl.gov; rusty@lanl.gov; prae@lanl.gov; neil.bourne@mac.com RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008; OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 73 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024916 DI 10.1063/1.2424536 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800165 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Crone, BK AF Campbell, I. H. Crone, B. K. TI Bulk photoconductive gain in poly(phenylene vinylene) based diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); CHARGE-CARRIERS; INJECTION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRON; POLYMER; PPV; MOBILITIES AB We observe large, bulk photoconductive gain (> 100) in organic polymer diodes. Photoconductive gain was measured in diode structures employing the soluble polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) as the active layer. The MEH-PPV layer was either undoped or doped by incorporation of a soluble C-60 derivative or PbSe quantum dots. The gain characteristics of the doped and undoped diodes are similar. We present the spectral response, transient response, and bias dependence of the gain. The photoconductive gain is due to the circulation of hole carriers through the diode in response to electrons trapped in the polymer layer. The bulk photoconductive gain reported here is distinct from the previous observations of gain in organic diodes that has been attributed to charge trapping near electrodes which increases the charge injection from that contact. The observed gain is consistent with estimates using previously established charge transport parameters of MEH-PPV. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM campbell@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024502 DI 10.1063/1.2422909 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800132 ER PT J AU Crocombette, JP Dumazer, G Hoang, NQ Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Crocombette, Jean-Paul Dumazer, Guillaume Hoang, Nguyen Quoc Gao, Fei Weber, William J. TI Molecular dynamics modeling of the thermal conductivity of irradiated SiC as a function of cascade overlap SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SIMULATION; AMORPHIZATION; COMPOSITES; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEMS AB SiC thermal conductivity is known to decrease under irradiation. To understand this effect, we study the variation of the thermal conductivity of cubic SiC with defect accumulation induced by displacement cascades. We use an empirical potential of the Tersoff type in the framework of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The conductivity of SiC is found to decrease with dose, in very good quantitative agreement with low temperature irradiation experiments. The results are analyzed in view of the amorphization states that are created by the cascade accumulation simulations. The calculated conductivity values at lower doses are close to the smallest measured values after high temperature irradiation, indicating that the decrease of the conductivity observed at lower doses is related to the creation of point defects. A subsequent decrease takes place upon further cascade accumulation. It is characteristic of the amorphization of the material and is experimentally observed for low temperature irradiation only. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA Saclay, DEN DMN SRMP, F-91991 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crocombette, JP (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DEN DMN SRMP, F-91991 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM jpcrocombette@cea.fr RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/E-7681-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-9543-3973; NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023527 DI 10.1063/1.2431397 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800053 ER PT J AU Eggeman, AS Dobson, PJ Petford-Long, AK AF Eggeman, Alexander S. Dobson, Peter J. Petford-Long, Amanda K. TI Optical spectroscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy of surface plasmons in core-shell nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; NANOSHELLS; CLUSTERS; SPECTRA AB Silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles were produced using colloidal chemistry methods. Surface plasmon resonances in the silver shells were investigated using optical absorption measurements in ultraviolet-to-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and the effect of shell thickness on the wavelength of the resonance was noted. Further studies of the resonances were performed using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscope (EFTEM) imaging. The plasmon resonance was seen in an EELS spectrum at an energy corresponding to the wavelengths measured in an UV-vis spectrophotometer, and EFTEM images confirmed that the resonance was indeed localized at the surface of the silver shell. Further features were seen in the EELS spectrum and confirmed as bulk-plasmon features of silica and the carbon support film in the TEM specimen. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat Sci, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX5 1PF, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eggeman, AS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM aeggeman@andrew.cmu.edu RI Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014 OI Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024307 DI 10.1063/1.2424404 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800111 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Zhang, Y Engelhard, MH Weber, WJ Exarhos, GJ Lian, J Ewing, RC AF Jiang, W. Zhang, Y. Engelhard, M. H. Weber, W. J. Exarhos, G. J. Lian, J. Ewing, R. C. TI Behavior of Si and C atoms in ion amorphized SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON-CARBIDE; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; RAMAN SPECTRUM; FILMS; CARBON; RECRYSTALLIZATION; IMPLANTATION AB Single crystal 6H-SiC wafers were fully amorphized at room temperature or 200 K using 1.0 or 2.0 MeV Au+ ion irradiation. The thickness of the amorphized layers has been determined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry under ion channeling conditions. Microstructures of the irradiated SiC have been examined using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The depth profiles of both the Si and C atoms have been studied using both x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight energy elastic recoil detection analysis. Neither Si nor C in the amorphized SiC exhibits a significant mass transport by diffusion during the irradiation and subsequent storage at room temperature. There is no observable phase segregation of either Si or C in the amorphized SiC. Ar+ ion sputtering leads to modifications of the composition, structure, and chemical bonding at the 6H-SiC surface. The Si-Si bonds at the sputtered surface (amorphized) do not appear, as suggested by the XPS; however, Raman backscattering data reveal the existence of the Si-Si bonds in the bulk amorphized SiC, in addition to the C-C and Si-C bonds that the XPS also identified. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023524 DI 10.1063/1.2431941 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800050 ER PT J AU Jiles, DC Song, SH AF Jiles, D. C. Song, S. H. TI Magnetic structures in Pr6Ni2Si3 and Pr5Ni2Si3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The temperature dependence of magnetization in Pr6Ni2Si3 and Pr5Ni2Si3 compounds has been studied with the objective of providing a theoretical understanding of the behavior of the magnetic properties of the material. The ternary Pr-Ni-Si system contains the homologous series of compounds R(n+2)(n+1)Nin(n-1)+2Sin(n+1), where R is a rare earth element which provides a range of materials with different but related structures. The crystal structures and unit cells of Pr6Ni2Si3 (n=2) and Pr5Ni2Si3 (n=3) compounds are closely related consisting of an overall hexagonal structure comprising trigonal columns of atoms, in which the only difference is in the size of the triangular base of the column which depends directly on the chemical composition, specifically the index n. The calculations were based on a nearest neighbor exchange interaction approximation under two kinds of conditions: collinear and noncollinear magnetic structures. The results of these calculations show the Curie temperature, but do not yet predict quantitatively the spin reorientation transition at lower temperatures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiles, DC (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM jilesd@cf.ac.uk NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023918 DI 10.1063/1.2388043 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800090 ER PT J AU Kohn, A Lazarov, VK Singh, LJ Barber, ZH Petford-Long, AK AF Kohn, A. Lazarov, V. K. Singh, L. J. Barber, Z. H. Petford-Long, A. K. TI The structure of sputter-deposited Co2MnSi thin films deposited on GaAs(001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEUSLER ALLOY CO2MNSI; SPIN-POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHASE-FORMATION; INTERFACE; GROWTH; KINETICS; GAAS AB The structure of Co2MnSi thin films on GaAs(001) has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy in order to evaluate the feasibility of achieving spin injection into GaAs from such electrodes. The films were dc-magnetron sputtered and varied in thickness between 15 and 260 nm with substrate temperatures during growth of 250, 300, and 374 degrees C. All films exhibited a polycrystalline structure with mainly an L2(1) type crystallographic symmetry, and a high degree of preferred orientation with the GaAs. A reaction with the GaAs substrate, rich in Mn and As, occurs for deposition even of the 15 nm thick film, creating zones that exhibit an epitaxial relation with the substrate. Between this reaction zone and the film, a continuous interlayer forms, which is rich in Ga, and several nanometers thick. Films thicker than 35 nm were found to be stoichiometric in chemical composition, while thinner films were deficient in Mn and richer in Si. Decreasing the substrate temperature resulted in reduction of the extent of the reaction with the substrate, but also reduced the crystallographic ordering of the Co2MnSi layer. Finally, both kinematic and dynamic simulations of selected-area electron diffraction patterns demonstrate that this technique may not be a sensitive methodology to detect Co-Mn antisite defects and off-stoichiometry compositions. These defects may be responsible for the approximately 55% spin polarization measured in these films, rather than the full spin polarization expected from this theoretically predicted half-metal. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kohn, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM amit.kohn@materials.oxford.ac.uk RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Kohn, Amit/F-1559-2012; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014; Lazarov, Vlado/E-6206-2012 OI Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090; NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023915 DI 10.1063/1.2424529 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800087 ER PT J AU Quan, JJ Zhou, XW He, L Hull, R Wadley, HNG AF Quan, J. J. Zhou, X. W. He, L. Hull, R. Wadley, H. N. G. TI Low energy ion assisted deposition of Ta/Cu films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INCIDENT ENERGY; METALLIC-FILMS; MULTILAYERS; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEAM AB A combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments has been used to investigate the use of various low energy ion assisted vapor deposition approaches for controlling the interfacial structures of a model copper/tantalum multilayer system. Films were grown using argon ion beam assistance with either a fixed or modulated ion energy during metal deposition. The effect of sequential ion assistance (after layer's deposition) was also investigated. The argon ion energy was varied between 0 and 50 eV and the effect on the atomic scale structure of Ta/Cu film interfaces and the film electrical resistivity were studied. The use of simultaneous argon ion assistance with an ion energy of similar to 10 eV and an ion/metal atom flux ratio of similar to 6 resulted in atomically sharp interfaces with little intermixing, consistent with simulation predictions. Ion impacts in this range activated surface atom jumping and promoted a step flow film growth mode. Higher energies were also successful at interface flattening, but they caused significant intermixing between the layers and increased film's resistivity. This could be reduced using modulated ion energy and sequential ion beam assistance. This was again consistent with atomic scale simulations, which indicated that metal layers deposited over an interface before ion assistance was initiated impeded atom exchange across interfaces and therefore intermixing. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Engn Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Quan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Engn Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM junjie.quan@gmail.com NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024318 DI 10.1063/1.2430705 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800122 ER PT J AU Trott, WM Baer, MR Castaneda, JN Chhabildas, LC Asay, JR AF Trott, Wayne M. Baer, Melvin R. Castaneda, Jaime N. Chhabildas, Lalit C. Asay, James R. TI Investigation of the mesoscopic scale response of low-density pressings of granular sugar under impact SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETER AB The mesoscopic scale response of low-density pressings of granular sugar (sucrose) to shock loading has been examined in gas-gun impact experiments using both VISAR and a line-imaging, optically recording velocity interferometer system in combination with large-volume-element, high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical simulations of these tests. Time-resolved and spatially resolved measurements of material motion in waves transmitted by these pressings have been made as a function of impact velocity, sample thickness, and sample particle size distribution. Observed wave profiles exhibit a precursor regime arising from elastic stress wave propagation and a dispersive compaction wave with superimposed localized particle velocity fluctuations of varying amplitude. Material motion associated with dynamic stress bridging leads compaction wave arrival by similar to 2 mu s at the lowest impact velocity (0.25 km s(-1)) employed in this study and < 200 ns at the higher values (0.7-0.8 km s(-1)). Over the same range, the compaction wave becomes markedly less dispersive with wave ramp durations declining from similar to 500 to similar to 50 ns. For impact velocities near 0.5 km s(-1) and samples varying in thickness from 2.27 to 8.03 mm, a roughly steady wave behavior is obtained at the thinner end of the range; however, evidence of subtle wave evolution is apparent over this thickness range. Pressings of sieved sugar with different particle size distributions exhibit distinguishable differences in stress bridging and compaction wave behavior. These pressings somewhat limit stochastic behavior and provide favorable conditions for the development of quasiperiodic fluctuations in particle velocity, particularly in impacts generating incomplete compaction. The experimental results are consistent with the exceedingly complex wave field behavior evident in the numerical simulations and provide useful benchmark wave profiles (at the sample boundary) for validation of material models used in these calculations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wmtrott@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024917 DI 10.1063/1.2427093 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800166 ER PT J AU Vavassori, P Donzelli, O Grimsditch, M Metlushko, V Ilic, B AF Vavassori, P. Donzelli, O. Grimsditch, M. Metlushko, V. Ilic, B. TI Chirality and stability of vortex state in permalloy triangular ring micromagnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETS AB We present the results of a study of the magnetization reversal in Permalloy triangular rings using diffracted magneto-optics Kerr effect combined with numerical micromagnetic simulations and in-field magnetic force microscopy. Diffracted loops show a two-step switching process for external fields along or perpendicular to any of the ring edges. The diffracted loops calculated from micromagnetic simulations reproduce the measured ones and show that the switching occurs from one asymmetric onion state to the reversed state, for both directions of the applied field. In both cases a stable intermediate vortex state appears during the switching, accounting for the diffracted loop structures. The stability and the magnetization chirality of the vortex state depend on the direction of the applied field relative to the ring orientation. Magnetization configurations occurring during reversal imaged with magnetic force microscopy operated applying an external field confirm the above reversal process. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Ferrara, CNT INFM Natl Res Ctr S3, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanofabr Facil, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vavassori, P (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, CNT INFM Natl Res Ctr S3, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM vavassori@fe.infn.it RI Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023902 DI 10.1063/1.2422753 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800074 ER PT J AU Wang, YP Zhou, H Zhou, L Headrick, RL Macrander, AT Ozcan, AS AF Wang, Yi-Ping Zhou, Hua Zhou, Lan Headrick, Randall L. Macrander, Albert T. Ozcan, Ahmet S. TI Interface roughness evolution in sputtered WSi2/Si multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; GROWTH; FILMS; SURFACES; MODEL AB We report on the growth of WSi2 and Si amorphous thin films by dc magnetron sputtering. In situ synchrotron x-ray scattering with high temporal resolution has been employed to probe the surface and interface roughness during film deposition. It is found that the WSi2/Si multilayer surface alternately roughens and smoothes during deposition; while the Si layer roughness monotonically, the WSi2 layer is observed to smooth out when deposited on an initially rough surface. Subsequent deposition of the next layer effectively freezes in the surface morphology of the previous layer in each case. Energetic neutrals and ions assisting the growth may play a role in inducing this pronounced alternating pattern in the roughness. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wang, YP (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM rheadrick@uvm.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023503 DI 10.1063/1.2422713 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800029 ER PT J AU Wen, SB Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Wen, Sy-Bor Mao, Xianglei Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard E. TI Expansion of the laser ablation vapor plume into a background gas. I. Analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL-MODEL; PLASMA AB A study of the gas dynamics of the vapor plume generated during laser ablation was conducted including a counterpropagating internal shock wave. The density, pressure, and temperature distributions between the external shock wave front and the sample surface were determined by solving the integrated conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The positions of the shock waves and the contact surface (boundary that separates the compressed ambient gas and the vapor plume) were obtained when the incident laser energy that is transferred to the vapor plume and to the background gas, E, and the vaporized sample mass, M, are specified. The values for E and M were obtained from a comparison of the calculated trajectories of the external shock wave and the contact surface with experimental results for a copper sample under different laser fluences. Thus E and M, which are the two dominant parameters for laser ablation and which cannot be measured directly, can be determined. In addition, the internal shock wave propagation within the vapor plume was determined; the interaction of the internal shock wave with the sample may be one of the mechanisms inducing liquid sample ejection during laser ablation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023114 DI 10.1063/1.2431080 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800014 ER PT J AU Wen, SB Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Wen, Sy-Bor Mao, Xianglei Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard E. TI Laser ablation induced vapor plume expansion into a background gas. II. Experimental analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED DETONATION-WAVES; AMBIENT GAS; PROPAGATION; MODEL; BEAM AB Laser ablation of copper with a 4 ns laser pulse at 1064 nm was studied with a series of synchronized shadowgraph (100 fs laser pulses at 400 nm) and emission images (spectral line at 515 nm). Data were obtained at two laser pulse energies (10 and 30 mJ) and in three background gases (He, Ne, and Ar) at atmospheric pressure. The laser energy conversion ratio and the amount of sample vaporized for ablation in each condition were obtained by the theoretical analysis reported in paper I from trajectories of the external shock wave, internal shock wave, and contact surface between the Cu vapor and the background gas. All three quantities were measured from shadowgraph and emission images. The results showed that E, the amount of energy that is absorbed by the copper vapor, decreases as the atomic mass of the background gas increases; and M, the mass of the sample converted into vapor, is almost independent of the background gas [Horn , Appl. Surf. Sci. 182, 91 (2001)]. A physical interpretation is given based on the phenomena observed in shadowgraph and emission images during the first tens of nanoseconds after the beginning of the laser pulse for ablation in different background gases. In addition, an internal shock wave was observed in the emission images during the first tens of nanoseconds after the laser pulse, which strikes the surface and should be one of the mechanisms inducing the liquid sample ejection. Also, a significant vortex ring near the target was observed in emission images at longer times after the laser pulse (> 100 ns) which distorts the otherwise hemispherical expansion of the vapor plume. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 023115 DI 10.1063/1.2431085 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800015 ER PT J AU Xiong, G Pal, U Serrano, JG AF Xiong, Gang Pal, U. Serrano, J. Garcia TI Correlations among size, defects, and photoluminescence in ZnO nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM DOTS; LUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANORODS; FILMS; CONFINEMENT AB We studied the correlations among size, defects, and photoluminescence emissions in ZnO nanoparticles of sizes ranging from 25 to 73 nm. The impurities and defects were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Particles of larger size revealed fewer surface impurities and enhanced E-2 mode of hexagonal ZnO crystals, while the oxygen vacancy centers did not vary significantly with particle size. A simultaneous increase of excitonic luminescence and defect luminescence intensities with the increase of particle size is shown, indicating both emissions are subjected to nonradiative quenching by near surface defects. The study on the size-dependent green luminescence in our samples suggests that the emission might be a bulk property instead of having a surface origin in nanostructured ZnO. Two different radiative recombination processes are involved in the excitonic emission of ZnO. While the slow decay component (370 ps) did not depend on particle size, the fast component varied from 56 to 96 ps. We attribute the slow component to free exciton recombination, while the fast component is attributed to near surface exciton recombination. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pal, U (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Apdo Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico. EM xiong.g@gmail.com; upal@sirio.ifuap.buap.mx NR 36 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 024317 DI 10.1063/1.2424538 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800121 ER PT J AU Zhao, G Joshi, RP Lakdawala, VK Schamiloglu, E Hjalmarson, H AF Zhao, G. Joshi, R. P. Lakdawala, V. K. Schamiloglu, E. Hjalmarson, H. TI TiO2 breakdown under pulsed conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ZNO VARISTORS; GAAS-MESFETS; SILICON; FIELD AB Model studies of current conduction and breakdown in TiO2 were carried out. Our simulation results indicate that electrical breakdown of TiO2 under multiple-pulsed conditions can occur at lower voltages as compared to quasi-dc biasing. This is in agreement with recent experimental data and is indicative of a cumulative phenomena. We demonstrate that the lower breakdown voltages observed in TiO2 under pulsed conditions is a direct rise-time effect, coupled with successive detrapping at the grain boundaries. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhao, G (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rjoshi@odu.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 AR 026110 DI 10.1063/1.2425001 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131SS UT WOS:000243890800181 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Gao, HZ Yeredla, R Xu, HF Abrecht, M AF Wang, Yifeng Gao, Huizhen Yeredla, Rakesh Xu, Huifang Abrecht, Mike TI Control of pertechnetate sorption on activated carbon by surface functional groups SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; carbonaceous material; technetium; pertechnetate; surface functional group; mesoporous material; adsorption; oxyanion ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION ADSORPTION; PORE STRUCTURE; DOUBLE-LAYER; BROMATE ION; METAL-IONS; REMOVAL; WATER; CHEMISTRY; TECHNETIUM AB The isotope Tc-99 is highly soluble and poorly adsorbed by natural materials under oxidizing conditions, thus being of particular concern for radioactive waste disposal. Activated carbon can potentially be used as an adsorbent for removing Tc from aqueous solutions. We have tested six commercial activated carbon materials for their capabilities for sorption of pertechnetate (TcO4-). The tested materials can be grouped into two distinct types: Type I materials have high sorption capabilities with the distribution coefficients (K-d) varying from 9.5 x 10(5) to 3.2 x 10(3) ml/g as the pH changes from 4.5 to 9.5, whereas type 11 materials have relatively low sorption capabilities with Kd remaining more or less constant (1.1 x 10(3)-1.8 x 10(3) ml/g) over a similar pH range. The difference in sorption behavior between the two types of materials is attributed to the distribution of surface functional groups. The predominant surface groups are identified as carboxylic and phenolic groups. The carboxylic group can be further divided into three subgroups, A, B, and C, in the order of increasing acidity. The high sorption capabilities of type I materials are found to be caused by the presence of a large fraction of carboxylic subgroups A and B, while the low sorption capabilities of type 11 materials are due to the exclusive presence of phenolic and carboxylic subgroup C. Therefore, the performance of activated carbon for removing TcO4- can be improved by enhancing the formation of carboxylic subgroups A and B during materials processing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ywang@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.09.056 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 120YF UT WOS:000243122000001 PM 17067616 ER PT J AU Slipchenko, LV Gordon, MS AF Slipchenko, Lyudmila V. Gordon, Mark S. TI Electrostatic energy in the effective fragment potential method: Theory and application to benzene dimer SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrostatic screening; EFP; dispersion; benzene-benzene ID DISTRIBUTED MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; CHARGE PENETRATION; BINDING-ENERGIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATION; CHEMISTRY; SURFACE; SCHEME AB Evaluation of the electrostatic energy within the effective fragment potential (EFP) method is presented. The performance of two variants of the distributed multipole analysis (DMA) together with two different models for estimating the charge penetration energies was studied using six homonuclear dimers. The importance of damping the higher order multipole terms, i.e. charge dipole, was also investigated. Damping corrections recover more than 70% of the charge penetration energy in all dimers, whereas higher order damping introduces only minor improvement. Electrostatic energies calculated by the numerical DMA are less accurate than those calculated by the analytic DMA. Analysis of bonding in the benzene dimer shows that EFP with inclusion of the electrostatic damping term performs very well compared to the high-level coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples method. The largest error of 0.4 kcal/mol occurs for the sandwich dimer configuration. This error is about half the size of the corresponding error in second order perturbation theory. Thus, EFP in the current implementation is an accurate and computationally inexpensive method for calculating interaction energies in weakly bonded molecular complexes. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov RI Slipchenko, Lyudmila/G-5182-2012 NR 53 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 276 EP 291 DI 10.1002/jcc.20520 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 121QE UT WOS:000243171300024 PM 17143863 ER PT J AU Ruedenberg, K Schmidt, MW AF Ruedenberg, Klaus Schmidt, Michael W. TI Why does electron sharing lead to covalent bonding? A variational analysis SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE covalent bond; electron sharing; variational analysis; kinetic model; hydrogen molecule ion ID MINIMAL BASIS-SETS; CHEMICAL-BOND; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; KINETIC-ENERGY; WAVE-FUNCTION; MOLECULE; VIRIAL; ION AB Ground state energy differences between related systems can be elucidated by a comparative variational analysis of the energy functional, in which the concepts of variational kinetic pressure and variational electrostatic potential pull are found useful. This approach is applied to the formation of the bond in the hydrogen molecule ion. A highly accurate wavefunction is shown to be the superposition of two quasiatomic orbitals, each of which consists to 94% of the respective atomic 1s orbital, the remaining 6% deformation being 73% spherical and 27% nonspherical in character. The spherical deformation can be recovered to 99.9% by scaling the 1s orbital. These results quantify the conceptual metamorphosis of the free-atom wavefunction into the molecular wavefunction by orbital sharing, orbital contraction, and orbital polarization. Starting with the 1s orbital on one atom as the initial trial function, the value of the energy functional of the molecule at the equilibrium distance is stepwise lowered along several sequences of wavefunction modifications, whose energies monotonically decrease to the ground state energy of H-2(+). The contributions of sharing, contraction and polarization to the overall lowering of the energy functional and their kinetic and potential components exhibit a consistent pattern that can be related to the wavefunction changes on the basis of physical reasoning, including the virial theorem. It is found that orbital sharing lowers the variational kinetic energy pressure and that this is the essential cause of covalent bonding in this molecule. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ruedenberg, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ruedenberg@iastate.edu NR 48 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 391 EP 410 DI 10.1002/jcc.20553 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 121QE UT WOS:000243171300034 PM 17143869 ER PT J AU Feyen, L Vrugt, JA Nuallain, BO van der Knijff, J De Roo, A AF Feyen, Luc Vrugt, Jasper A. Nuallain, Breanndan O. van der Knijff, Johan De Roo, Ad TI Parameter optimisation and uncertainty assessment for large-scale streamflow simulation with the LISFLOOD model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE distributed modelling; automatic calibration; parameter uncertainty; Markov chain Monte Carlo methods ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; SHUFFLED COMPLEX EVOLUTION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; CATCHMENT MODELS; CALIBRATION; PREDICTION; INFERENCE; DATABASE AB This work addresses the calibration of the distributed rainfall-runoff model LIS-FLOOD and, in particular, the realistic quantification of parameter uncertainty and its effect on the prediction of river discharges for large European catchments. LIS-FLOOD is driven by meteorological input data and simulates river discharge in large drainage basins as a function of spatial information on topography, soils and land cover. Even though LIS-FLOOD is physically based to a certain extent, some processes are only represented in a lumped conceptual way. As a result, some parameters tack physical basis and cannot be directly inferred from quantities that can be measured. In the current LIS-FLOOD version five parameters need to be determined by calibration. We employ the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM-UA) global optimisation algorithm to automatically calibrate the model. against daily discharge observations. The resulting posterior parameter distribution reflects the uncertainty about the model parameters after taking into account the discharge observations, and forms the basis for making probabitistic flow predictions. To overcome the computational burden the optimisation has been implemented using parallel. computing. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate the methodology for the Meuse catchment upstream of Borgharen, covering approximately 21,000 km(2). Results demonstrate the capabilities of the SCEM-UA algorithm to efficiently evolve to the target posterior distribution and to identify, except for the lower groundwater zone time constant. C1 European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Log Language & Computat, Appl Log Lab, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Feyen, L (reprint author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit, Via E Fermi 1,TP 261, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM luc.feyen@jrc.it RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 NR 31 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 332 IS 3-4 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 133BH UT WOS:000243986100003 ER PT J AU Xomeritakis, G Liu, NG Chen, Z Jiang, YB Kohn, R Johnson, PE Tsai, CY Shah, PB Khalil, S Singh, S Brinker, CJ AF Xomeritakis, G. Liu, N. G. Chen, Z. Jiang, Y. -B. Kohn, R. Johnson, P. E. Tsai, C. -Y. Shah, P. B. Khalil, S. Singh, S. Brinker, C. J. TI Anodic alumina supported dual-layer microporous silica membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silica membrane; sol-gel; anodic alumina; self-assembly; carbon dioxide separation ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CERAMIC MEMBRANES; GAS SEPARATION; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We present a new processing scheme for the deposition of microporous, sol-gel derived silica membranes on inexpensive, commercially available anodic alumina (Anodisk (TM)) supports. In a first step, a surfactant-templated mesoporous silica sublayer (pore size 2-6 nm) is deposited on the Anodisk support by dip-coating, in order to provide a smooth transition from the pore size of the support (20 or 100 nm) to that of the membrane (3-4 angstrom). Subsequently, the microporous gas separation membrane layer is deposited by spin-coating, resulting in a defect-free dual-layer micro/mesoporous silica membrane exhibiting high permeance and high selectivity for size selective gas separations. For example, in the case of CO2:N-2 separation, the CO2 permeance reached 3.0 MPU (1 MpU = 10(-7) Mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1) coupled with a CO2:N-2 separation factor in excess of 80 at 25 degrees C. This processing scheme can be utilized for laboratory-scale development of other types of microporous or dense inorganic membranes, taking advantage of the availability, low cost and low permeation resistance of anodic alumina (or other metal oxide) meso- and macroporous supports. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. T3 Sci LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA. RP Xomeritakis, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM xomerita@unm.edu; cjbrink@sandia.gov RI Chen, Zhu/M-3834-2015 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 287 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.10.039 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 130QW UT WOS:000243815100001 ER PT J AU Cordill, MJ Bahr, DF Moody, NR Gerberich, WW AF Cordill, M. J. Bahr, D. F. Moody, N. R. Gerberich, W. W. TI Adhesion measurements using telephone cord buckles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE thin films; adhesion; interfaces; buckles; blisters ID COMPRESSED THIN-FILMS; CONFIGURATIONAL STABILITY; AFM OBSERVATIONS; DELAMINATION; INDENTATION; INSTABILITY; MECHANICS; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Thin film adhesion energies can be calculated using buckles with the telephone cord geometry. The buckles can be measured through the point of inflection of the buckle or through the center of the buckle and modeled as a straight buckle of uniform width and height. In the tungsten-silica system, a unique delamination morphology involved a transition from the straight to telephone cord buckle. This structure was used to compare various measurement techniques. The stability range between the straight and telephone cord morphology has been shown to be broader than previously described and exhibits a smooth transition from the straight to telephone cord structure. Measurements of the straight-sided buckles produce adhesion energies which are within 15% of the values calculated when approximating the telephone cord as a straight-sided structure at the inflection point of the buckle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cordill, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cordill@cems.umn.edu RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012; OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X; Cordill, Megan/0000-0003-1142-8312 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 443 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.027 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117VK UT WOS:000242901200020 ER PT J AU Litchinitser, NM Gabitov, IR Maimistov, AI Shalaev, VM AF Litchinitser, N. M. Gabitov, I. R. Maimistov, A. I. Shalaev, V. M. TI Effect of an optical negative index thin film on optical bistability SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; METAMATERIALS; PERMEABILITY AB We investigate nonlinear transmission in a layered structure consisting of a slab of positive index material with Kerr-type nonlinearity and a subwavelength layer of linear negative index material (NIM) sandwiched between semi-infinite linear dielectrics. We find that a thin layer of NIM leads to significant changes in the hysteresis width when the nonlinear slab is illuminated at an angle near that of total internal reflection. Unidirectional diodelike transmission with enhanced operational range is demonstrated. These results may be useful for NIMs characterization and for designing novel NIMs-based devices. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Dept Solid State Phys, Moscow 115409, Russia. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Litchinitser, NM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1301 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM natashan@eecs.umich.edu NR 13 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000151 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 123LZ UT WOS:000243298700015 PM 17186047 ER PT J AU Klingler, RJ Chen, MJ Rathke, JW Kramarz, KW AF Klingler, Robert J. Chen, Michael J. Rathke, Jerome W. Kramarz, Kurt W. TI Effect of phosphines on the thermodynamics of the cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation system SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; DICOBALT OCTACARBONYL; METAL-HYDROGEN; LIGAND SUBSTITUTION; BOND-ENERGIES; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; OLEFINS; TETRACARBONYL AB Thermodynamic parameters relevant to the phosphine-modified cobalt hydroformylation reaction are reported. Equilibrium constants for the hydrogenation of Co-2(CO)(6)L-2 to yield HCo(CO)(3)L were determined using in situ H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy between 75 and 175 degrees C for various solvents and phosphine ligands. Special emphasis was placed on n-Bu3P, as this ligand is prototypical of the Shell hydroformylation process. The resultant van't Hoff plots yield the enthalpy and entropy change (Delta H = 7.0 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol and Delta S = 2 +/- 1 cal/mol center dot K) for the case of L = n-Bu3P in benzene solvent. These parameters were found to be relatively insensitive to changes in the solvent, suggesting that the hydride product is not very polar. Even for isobutyl alcohol solvent, the resultant enthalpy and entropy changes (Delta H = 5.8 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol and Delta S = -2 +/- 1 cal/mol center dot K) were found to be similar to those obtained in benzene and dioxane. Analysis of the P-31 NMR line widths allows rigorous lower limits to be established for the catalytically relevant Co-Co and Co-H bond energies in the case of L = n-Bu3P (Co-Co >= 23 kcal/mol and Co-H >= 60 kcal/mol) relative to the previously reported values for the case of L = CO (Co-Co = 19 +/- 2 kcal/mol and Co-H = 59 +/- 1 kcal/mol). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. BASF Corp, Oxo Alcohols & Plasticizers, Pasadena, TX 77501 USA. RP Klingler, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM klingler@cmt.anl.gov NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1021/om060768d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 124AN UT WOS:000243339300015 ER PT J AU Zsigmond, G Mezei, F Telling, MTF AF Zsigmond, G. Mezei, F. Telling, M. T. F. TI High-resolution roton spectra around the superfluid transition temperature in liquid He-4 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE superfluid helium; Bose condensation; quantum liquid; neutron backscattering spectrometer ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; NEUTRON SPECTROMETER; HE-4; DEPENDENCE; IRIS AB We show for the first time high-resolution excitation spectra of bulk superfluid and liquid He-4 obtained in a wide energy range (0-3 meV) in a broad temperature interval 0.6-2.5 K. The experiments were performed at 0.4 bar constant liquid pressure on the time-of-flight crystal analyser neutron spectrometer IRIS at the ISIS Facility.,There is a real gap in resolution between neutron spin echo or exact-backscattering spectroscopy and other conventional time-of-flight or triple-axis-spectrometer measurements, which at the moment can only be covered by IRIS. The unique combination of high resolution and wide dynamic range accessible on this inverted geometry spectrometer allowed for a non-conventionally detailed line-shape analysis of the roton excitations and made possible the separation of the roton and the higher-energy broad components. We provide the high-resolution evidence of a remainder single-phonon response at the extrapolated roton energy above T-lambda. We conclude that the superfluid phase transition manifests itself in the strong slowdown of the variation of the single-phonon line shape with increasing temperature, rather than in the total disappearance of the signal. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Zsigmond, G (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM geza.zsigmond@psi.ch RI Telling, Mark/F-3294-2014 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.04.042 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131RL UT WOS:000243887400007 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Swift, DC AF Luo, Sheng-Nian Swift, Damian C. TI On high-pressure melting of tantalum SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE tantalum; melting curve; superheating; diamond-anvil cell; shock waves ID STATE SHOCK HUGONIOTS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TEMPERATURES; IRON; ALUMINUM; METALS; CURVE; MODEL; MO; AL AB The issues related to high-pressure melting of Ta are discussed within the context of diamond-anvil cell (DAC) and shock wave experiments, theoretical calculations and common melting models. The discrepancies between the extrapolations of the DAC melting curve and the melting point inferred from shock wave experiments, cannot be reconciled either by superheating or solid-solid phase transition. The failure to reproduce low-pressure DAC melting curve by melting models such as dislocation-mediated melting and the Lindemann law, and molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics-based calculations, undermines their predictions at moderate and high pressures. Despite claims to the contrary, the melting curve of Ta (as well as Mo and W) remains inconclusive at high pressures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.425 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131RL UT WOS:000243887400022 ER PT J AU Jin, R Zhou, ZX Mandrus, D Ivanov, IN Eres, G Howe, JY Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB AF Jin, R. Zhou, Z. X. Mandrus, D. Ivanov, I. N. Eres, G. Howe, J. Y. Puretzky, A. A. Geohegan, D. B. TI The effect of annealing on the electrical and thermal transport properties of macroscopic bundles of long multi-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; electrical resistivity; thermal conductivity; thermoelectric power; annealing effect; sign change ID THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; CONDUCTIVITY; FILMS AB Electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power were measured on macroscopic bundles of long multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the temperature range between 2 and 300 K. While the electrical resistivity shows relatively small variation, the thermal conductivity is significantly enhanced and thermoelectric power changes sign from positive to negative after the samples are annealed in Ar at 2800 degrees C. Although the latter can be attributed to the adsorbed oxygen on the CNTs that is reduced through the annealing process, our results suggest the studied properties, especially thermal conductivity, are sensitive to the sample crystallinity that can be significantly improved by high-temperature annealing as well. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jin, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jinr@ornl.gov RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 388 IS 1-2 BP 326 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.06.135 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131RL UT WOS:000243887400053 ER PT J AU Anders, A Pasaja, N Lim, SHN Petersen, TC Keast, VJ AF Anders, Andre Pasaja, Nitisak Lim, Sunnie H. N. Petersen, Tim C. Keast, Vicki J. TI Plasma biasing to control the growth conditions of diamond-like carbon SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon films; substrate bias; plasma bias; electron energy loss spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID CATHODIC ARC PLASMAS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; FILMS; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; SCATTERING AB It is well known that the structure and properties of diamond-like carbon, and in particular the sp(3)/sp(2) ratio, can be controlled by the energy of the condensing carbon ions or atoms. In many practical cases, the energy of ions arriving at the surface of the growing film is determined by the bias applied to the substrate. The bias causes a sheath to form between substrate and plasma in which the potential difference between plasma potential and surface potential drops. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the same results can be obtained with grounded substrates by shifting the plasma potential. This "plasma biasing" (as opposed to "substrate biasing") is shown to work well with pulsed cathodic carbon arcs, resulting in tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films that are comparable to the films obtained with the conventional substrate bias. To verify the plasma bias approach, ta-C films were deposited by both conventional and plasma bias and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). Detailed data for comparison of these films are provided. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanalysis, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Lim, Sunnie/A-2827-2012; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 8 BP 4628 EP 4632 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.09.313 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 128KF UT WOS:000243655900019 ER PT J AU Renteria, AF Saruhan, B Ilavsky, J Allen, AJ AF Renteria, A. Flores Saruhan, B. Ilavsky, J. Allen, A. J. TI Application of USAXS analysis and non-interacting approximation to determine the influence of process parameters and ageing on the thermal conductivity of electron-beam physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron-beam physical vapor deposition; thermal barrier coatings; ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering; thermal conductivity modeling ID MICROSTRUCTURE; ZIRCONIA AB Electron-beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) display a lower thermal conductivity compared with the deposited bulk material. This effect is achieved due to the presence of pores within these films. The spatial and geometrical characteristics of the porosity influence directly the magnitude of the achieved reduction of the thermal conductivity. In this work, three EB-PVD coating containing different microstructures were manufactured by varying the manufacturing process parameters during the deposition process. Their corresponding thermal conductivities were measured via the laser flash analysis method (LFA) in both the as-coated state and after ageing (1100 degrees C/100 h). Analysis of the pore formation during processing was carried out by ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). This technique is supported with a computer based modeling developed by researchers at Advanced Photon Source (APS) in ANL, USA, and in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. The model enables the characterization of the size, shape, volume and orientation of each of the pore populations in EB-PVD TBCs. The effect of these spatial and geometrical characteristics of the porosity on the thermal conductivity of the EB-PVD coatings were studied via a non-interacting approximation based on Maxwell's model. Results of LFA measurements and the applied approximation indicate an interrelation between the microstructure and the thermal properties of the analyzed EB-PVD coatings. Microstructures containing a higher volume fraction of fine anisotropic intra-columnar pores, and larger voids between feather-arms oriented at lower angles toward the substrate plane correspond to lower thermal conductivity values. Inter-columnar gaps do no significantly contribute to lowering the thermal conductivity due to their orientation parallel to the heat flux and their lower volume fraction compared with the volume occupied by the primary columns. On heat treatment, the deepest section of the gaps between feather-arms break-up into arrays of nano-sized low aspect ratio voids. The anisotropic, elongated intra-columnar pores evolve toward low aspect ratio shapes that are less effective in reducing the thermal conductivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Met Res, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Renteria, AF (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Met Res, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. EM arturo.flores@dlr.de RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 8 BP 4781 EP 4788 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 128KF UT WOS:000243655900037 ER PT J AU Qin, F Jiang, C Anderegg, JW Jenks, CJ Gleeson, B Sordelet, DJ Thiel, PA AF Qin, F. Jiang, C. Anderegg, J. W. Jenks, C. J. Gleeson, B. Sordelet, D. J. Thiel, P. A. TI Segregation of Pt at clean surfaces of (Pt, Ni)(3)Al SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface segregation; density functional calculations; Auger electron spectroscopy; nickel aluminde; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; low energy ion scattering (LEIS); low energy electron diffraction (LEED); platinum ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AL-PD-MN; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; SANDWICH SEGREGATION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SITE PREFERENCE; ALLOY SURFACES AB Experimental evidence for surface segregation of Pt at (111) surfaces of ternary (Pt, Ni)(3)Al alloys is presented, based upon Auger electron spectroscopy, low energy ion scattering, and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Density functional calculations in the dilute limit confirm that Pt segregation is energetically favored. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Qin, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, 220 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM flqin@iastate.edu RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 2 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.10.002 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133II UT WOS:000244006200011 ER PT J AU Tanwar, KS Lo, CS Eng, PJ Catalano, JG Walko, DA Brown, GE Waychunas, GA Chaka, AM Trainor, TP AF Tanwar, Kunaljeet S. Lo, Cynthia S. Eng, Peter J. Catalano, Jeffrey G. Walko, Donald A. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Waychunas, Glenn A. Chaka, Anne M. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Surface diffraction study of the hydrated hematite (1(1)over-bar-02) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hematite (1102); alpha-Fe2O3,03; surface X-ray diffraction; crystal truncation rod; CTR; density functional theory; DFT; surface structure; surface hydroxylation ID ALPHA-AL2O3 0001 SURFACE; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; WATER-ADSORPTION; TERMINATION; PB(II); ALPHA-FE2O3; REACTIVITY; INTERFACES; IRON AB The structure of the hydroxylated alpha-Fe2O3(1 (1) over bar 02) surface prepared via a wet chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) procedure was determined using X-ray crystal truncation rod diffraction. The experimentally determined surface model was compared with theoretical structures developed from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify the most likely protonation states of the surface (hydr)oxo moieties. The results show that the hydroxylated CMP-prepared surface differs from an ideal stoichiometric termination due to vacancies of the near surface bulk Fe sites. This result differs from previous ultra high vacuum studies where two stable terminations were observed: a stoichiometric (I x 1) termination and a partially reduced (2 x 1) reconstructed surface. The complementary DFT studies suggest that hydroxylated surfaces are thermodynamically more stable than dehydroxylated surfaces in the presence of water. The results illustrate that the best fit surface model has predominantly three types of (hydr)oxo functional groups exposed at the surface at circumneutral pH: Fe-OH2, Fe-2-OH, and Fe-3-O and provide a structural basis for interpreting the reactivity of model iron-(hydr) oxide surfaces under aqueous conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fftpt@uaf.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Lo, Cynthia/B-5441-2008 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Lo, Cynthia/0000-0003-2873-4869 NR 59 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 2 BP 460 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.10.021 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133II UT WOS:000244006200021 ER PT J AU Hirata, S Yanai, T Harrison, RJ Kamiya, M Fan, PD AF Hirata, So Yanai, Takeshi Harrison, Robert J. Kamiya, Muneaki Fan, Peng-Dong TI High-order electron-correlation methods with scalar relativistic and spin-orbit corrections SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MULTIRESOLUTION QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; THRESHOLD PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ADJUSTED ABINITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; VALENCE CORRELATION ENERGIES; BODY PERTURBATION THEORIES AB An assortment of computer-generated, parallel-executable programs of ab initio electron-correlation methods has been fitted with the ability to use relativistic reference wave functions. This has been done on the basis of scalar relativistic and spin-orbit effective potentials and by allowing the computer-generated programs to handle complex-valued, spinless orbitals determined by these potentials. The electron-correlation methods that benefit from this extension are high-order coupled-cluster methods (up to quadruple excitation operators) for closed- and open-shell species, coupled-cluster methods for excited and ionized states (up to quadruples), second-order perturbation corrections to coupled-cluster methods (up to triples), high-order perturbation corrections to configuration-interaction singles, and active-space (multireference) coupled-cluster methods for the ground, excited, and ionized states (up to active-space quadruples). A subset of these methods is used jointly such that the dynamical correlation energies and scalar relativistic effects are computed by a lower-order electron-correlation method with more extensive basis sets and all-electron relativistic treatment, whereas the nondynamical correlation energies and spin-orbit effects are treated by a higher-order electron-correlation method with smaller basis sets and relativistic effective potentials. The authors demonstrate the utility and efficiency of this composite scheme in chemical simulation wherein the consideration of spin-orbit effects is essential: ionization energies of rare gases, spectroscopic constants of protonated rare gases, and photoelectron spectra of hydrogen halides. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hirata, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hirata@qtp.ufl.edu NR 169 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 AR 024104 DI 10.1063/1.2423005 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 127KY UT WOS:000243586000012 PM 17228940 ER PT J AU Leung, K Medforth, CJ AF Leung, Kevin Medforth, Craig J. TI Ab initio molecular dynamics study of manganese porphine hydration and interaction with nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NMR PARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; METAL-IONS; WATER; PORPHYRINS; ENERGY; COMPLEX AB The authors use ab initio molecular dynamics and the density functional theory+U (DFT+U) method to compute the hydration environment of the manganese ion in manganese (II) and manganese (III) porphines (MnP) dispersed in liquid water. These are intended as simple models for more complex water soluble porphyrins, which have important physiological and electrochemical applications. The manganese ion in Mn(II)P exhibits significant out-of-porphine plane displacement and binds strongly to a single H2O molecule in liquid water. The Mn in Mn(III)P is on average coplanar with the porphine plane and forms a stable complex with two H2O molecules. The residence times of these water molecules exceed 15 ps. The DFT+U method correctly predicts that water displaces NO from Mn(III)P-NO, but yields an ambiguous spin state for the MnP(II)-NO complex. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leung, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1415 & 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kleung@sandia.gov RI Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1063/1.2409702 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 127KY UT WOS:000243586000029 PM 17228957 ER PT J AU Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV AF Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. TI Calculation of energy levels and transition amplitudes for barium and radium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BODY-PERTURBATION-THEORY; ODD ELECTROMAGNETIC MOMENTS; TRAPPED RADIOACTIVE ATOMS; TRI-MU-P; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; B-SPLINES; ISOTOPES; SPECTRUM; NUCLEI AB The radium atom is a promising system for studying parity and time invariance violating weak interactions. However, available experimental spectroscopic data for radium are insufficient for designing an optimal experimental setup. We calculate the energy levels and transition amplitudes for radium states of significant interest. Forty states corresponding to all possible configurations consisting of the 7s, 7p and 6d single-electron states as well as the states of the 7s8s, 7s8p and 7s7d configurations have been calculated. The energies of ten of these states corresponding to the 6d(2), 7s8s, 7p(2) and 6d7p configurations are not known from experiment. Calculations for barium are used to control the accuracy. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dzuba, VA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM V.Dzuba@unsw.edu.au NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/1/021 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 121BH UT WOS:000243132200022 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K Cao, ZJ AF Balasubramanian, K. Cao, Zhiji TI Fluxional motions and internal rotational barriers of water molecules bound to UO22+NpO2+, and PuO22+ SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; MULTINUCLEAR NMR; URANYL DICATION; DENSITY; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE AB We have computed the torsional tunneling barriers for water molecules bound to actinyl ions, UO22+, NpO2+, and PuO22+ using high-level relativistic computations in aqueous solution. We show that the barriers drop substantially as a function of number of water molecules, which could assist facile exchange of water molecules from the solvent to the complex. Our findings are consistent with the O-17 dynamical NMR studies of Farkas et al. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808 L-268, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@csueastbay.edu RI Cao, Zhiji/A-5957-2010 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 4-6 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.024 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131WC UT WOS:000243900700002 ER PT J AU Hurst, KE Dillon, AC Keenan, DA Lehman, JH AF Hurst, K. E. Dillon, A. C. Keenan, D. A. Lehman, J. H. TI Cleaning of carbon nanotubes near the pi-plasmon resonance SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION AB The cleaning of bulk carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) by use of a 248 nm excimer laser is verified with imaging, and quantitative evaluation of morphology and composition. A 5% change in responsivity of a pyroelectric detector coated with SWNTs is presented as a novel assessment of the change in SWNT coating topology. Changes in purity are shown by reduced full-width-at-half-maximum of the Raman D-band for 248 nm exposure up to 755 mW/cm(2). The 248 nm (5 eV) photon-plasmon resonance is considered as a mechanism for the reduction of impurities and an intermediate stage of purification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 4-6 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.027 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131WC UT WOS:000243900700010 ER PT J AU Wu, C Tretiak, S Chernyak, VY AF Wu, Chao Tretiak, Sergei Chernyak, Vladimir Y. TI Excited states and optical response of a donor-acceptor substituted polyene: A TD-DFT study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INTEGRAL-EQUATION FORMALISM; PUSH-PULL CHROMOPHORES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ORGANIC DENDRIMERS; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; PREDICTION; MOLECULES AB Optical properties of polar push-pull chromophore (diphenylpolyene with donor/acceptor terminal substituents) are studied using hybrid time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The optical transitions are thoroughly examined. This includes one- and two-photon absorption, and fluorescence, as a function of the underlying density functional, the basis set choice, and the solvent. Calculated excited state properties are found to be strongly dependent on the density functional model used. Hybrid approximations with small fractions of the orbital exchange (e.g. B3LYP) strongly favor zwitterionic-type states with pronounced charge-transfer character. Models with large percentage of orbital exchange (e.g. BHandHLYP) result in neutral-base electronic excitations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@cnls.lanl.gov; chernyak@chem.wayne.edu RI wu, chao/A-1303-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI wu, chao/0000-0002-8573-7196; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 433 IS 4-6 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.069 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131WC UT WOS:000243900700011 ER PT J AU Winger, JA Derbyshire, ER Marletta, MA AF Winger, Jonathan A. Derbyshire, Emily R. Marletta, Michael A. TI Dissociation of nitric oxide from soluble guanylate cyclase and heme-nitric oxide/oxygen binding domain constructs SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; LIGAND-BINDING; ACTIVATION; NO; YC-1; SITE; DEACTIVATION; INHIBITION; HEMOGLOBIN AB Regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the primary NO receptor, is linked to NO binding to the prosthetic heme group. Recent studies have demonstrated that the degree and duration of sGC activation depend on the presence and ratio of purine nucleotides and on the presence of excess NO. We measured NO dissociation from full-length alpha 1 beta 1 sGC, and the constructs beta 1(1-194), beta 1(1-385), and beta 2(1-217), at 37 and 10 degrees C with and without the substrate analogue guanosine-5'-[(alpha, beta-methylene] triphosphate (GMPCPP) or the activator 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-3'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1). NO dissociation from each construct was complex, requiring two exponentials to fit the data. Decreasing the temperature decreased the contribution of the faster exponential for all constructs. Inclusion of YC-1 moderately accelerated NO dissociation from sGC and beta 2(1-217) at 37 degrees C and dramatically accelerated NO dissociation from sGC at 10 degrees C. The presence of GMPCPP also dramatically accelerated NO dissociation from sGC at 10 degrees C. This acceleration is due to increases in the observed rate for each exponential and in the contribution of the faster exponential. Increases in the contribution of the faster exponential correlated with higher activation of sGC by NO. These data indicate that the sGC ferrous-nitrosyl complex adopts two 5-coordinate conformations, a lower activity "closed" form, which releases NO slowly, and a higher activity "open" form, which releases NO rapidly. The ratio of these two species affects the overall rate of NO dissociation. These results have implications for the function of sGC in vivo, where there is evidence for two NO-regulated activity states. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Phys Biosci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 211 Lewis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu RI Winger, Jonathan/B-3885-2010 OI Winger, Jonathan/0000-0003-1413-3384 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM07767] NR 46 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 2 BP 897 EP 907 DI 10.1074/jbc.M606327200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 123KQ UT WOS:000243295200012 PM 17098738 ER PT J AU Goulding, CW Bowers, PM Segelke, B Lekin, T Kim, CY Terwilliger, TC Eisenberg, D AF Goulding, Celia W. Bowers, Peter M. Segelke, Brent Lekin, Tim Kim, Chang-Yub Terwilliger, Thomas C. Eisenberg, David TI The structure and computational analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein CitE suggest a novel enzymatic function SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrate lyase; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; X-ray crystallography; fatty acid biosynthesis; acetyl coenzyme A ID COENZYME-A LYASE; CITRATE LYASE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; PROSTHETIC GROUP; GENOME SEQUENCE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; BIOSYNTHESIS; REQUIREMENTS; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL AB Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an essential precursor in this pathway. We have determined the 3-1) crystal structure of M. tuberculosis citrate lyase beta-subunit (CitE), which as annotated should cleave protein bound citryl-CoA to oxaloacetate and a protein-bound CoA derivative. The CitE structure has the ( beta/alpha)(8) TIM barrel fold with an additional a-helix, and is trimeric. We have determined the ternary complex bound with oxaloacetate and magnesium, revealing some of the conserved residues involved in catalysis. While the bacterial citrate lyase is a complex with three subunits, the M. tuberculosis genome does not contain the alpha and gamma subunits of this complex, implying that M. tuberculosis CitE acts differently from other bacterial CitE proteins. The analysis of gene clusters containing the CitE protein from 168 fully sequenced organisms has led us to identify a grouping of functionally related genes preserved in M. tuberculosis, Rattus norvegicus, Homo sapiens, and Mus musculus. We propose a novel enzymatic function for M. tuberculosis CitE in fatty acid biosynthesis that is analogous to bacterial citrate lyase but producing acetyl-CoA rather than a protein-bound CoA derivative. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Kim, Chang-Yub/0000-0001-9353-5909 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI-75320] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.086 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122RD UT WOS:000243243200001 PM 17064730 ER PT J AU Becher, T Neubert, M AF Becher, Thomas Neubert, Matthias TI Analysis of B((B)over-bar -> X-s gamma) at next-to-next-to-leading order with a cut on photon energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-MESON DECAYS; NNLO CALCULATION; 2-LOOP RESULT; QCD; SPECTRUM; FACTORIZATION; B->X(S)GAMMA AB By combining a recent estimate of the total (B) over bar -> X-s gamma branching fraction at O(alpha(2)(s)) with a detailed analysis of the effects of a cut E-gamma >= 1.6 GeV on photon energy, a prediction for the partial (B) over bar -> X-s gamma branching fraction at next-to-next-to-leading order in renormalization-group improved perturbation theory is obtained, in which contributions from all relevant scales are factorized. The result B((B) over bar -> X-s gamma)=(2.98 +/- 0.26) x 10(-4) is about 1.4 sigma lower than the experimental world average. This opens a window for significant new physics contributions in rare radiative B decays. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 26 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 022003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.022003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700014 PM 17358598 ER PT J AU Chittenden, JP Ciardi, A Jennings, CA Lebedev, SV Hammer, DA Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA AF Chittenden, J. P. Ciardi, A. Jennings, C. A. Lebedev, S. V. Hammer, D. A. Pikuz, S. A. Shelkovenko, T. A. TI Structural evolution and formation of high-pressure plasmas in X pinches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; JET FORMATION; BRIGHT-SPOTS; INSTABILITIES; DENSE AB Two- and three-dimensional MHD simulations are used to provide a theoretical description of 2 wire molybdenum X-pinch experiments. The initial evolution from solid wires to the formation of supersonic jets and a central micro-Z pinch is found to result from the slow rate of wire ablation and from the distribution of the Lorentz force. The growth of m = 0 instabilities triggers the formation of micron sized regions of intense x-ray emission with plasma pressures in the Gbar range. A simple analytical model is used to predict how the maximum density and temperature scale with material and current. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Chittenden, JP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015; Shelkovenko, Tatiana/M-8254-2015 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 025003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.025003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700031 PM 17358615 ER PT J AU Hess, C ElHaes, H Waske, A Buchner, B Sekar, C Krabbes, G Heidrich-Meisner, F Brenig, W AF Hess, C. ElHaes, H. Waske, A. Buechner, B. Sekar, C. Krabbes, G. Heidrich-Meisner, F. Brenig, W. TI Linear temperature dependence of the magnetic heat conductivity in CaCu2O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; CHAIN; COMPOUND; EXAMPLE AB We present experimental results for the thermal conductivity kappa of the pseudo-two-leg ladder material CaCu2O3. The strong buckling of the ladder rungs renders this material a good approximation to a S = 1/2 Heisenberg chain. Despite a strong suppression of the thermal conductivity of this material in all crystal directions due to inherent disorder, we find a dominant magnetic contribution kappa(mag) along the chain direction. kappa(mag) is linear in temperature, resembling the low-temperature limit of the thermal Drude weight D-th of the S = 1/2 Heisenberg chain. The comparison of kappa(mag) and D-th yields a magnetic mean-free path of l(mag) approximate to 22 +/- 5 angstrom, in good agreement with magnetic measurements. C1 IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Ain Shams Univ, Fac Women, Dept Phys, Cairo, Egypt. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Hess, C (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. EM c.hess@ifw-dresden.de RI Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009; Waske, Anja/A-1320-2010; Hess, Christian/F-3170-2014; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Waske, Anja/0000-0002-8740-2226; Hess, Christian/0000-0002-8977-6811; Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 027201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.027201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700057 PM 17358641 ER PT J AU Katsura, H Balatsky, AV Nagaosa, N AF Katsura, Hosho Balatsky, Alexander V. Nagaosa, Naoto TI Dynamical magnetoelectric coupling in helical magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM AB We develop a theory of collective mode dynamics in the helical magnets coupled to electric polarization via spin-orbit interaction. The low-lying modes associated with the ferroelectricity are not the transverse optical phonons, but are the spin waves hybridized with the electric polarization. This hybridization leads to the Drude-like dielectric function epsilon(omega) in the limit of zero magnetic anisotropy. There are two additional low-lying modes: phason of the spiral and rotation of helical plane along the polarization axis. Role of these low-lying modes in the neutron scattering and antiferromagnetic resonance is revealed, and a novel experiment to detect the dynamical magnetoelectric coupling is discussed. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Katsura, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012 NR 23 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 027203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.027203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700059 PM 17358643 ER PT J AU Misiak, M Asatrian, HM Bieri, K Czakon, M Czarnecki, A Ewerth, T Ferroglia, A Gambino, P Gorbahn, M Greub, C Haisch, U Hovhannisyan, A Hurth, T Mitov, A Poghosyan, V Slusarczyk, M Steinhauser, M AF Misiak, M. Asatrian, H. M. Bieri, K. Czakon, M. Czarnecki, A. Ewerth, T. Ferroglia, A. Gambino, P. Gorbahn, M. Greub, C. Haisch, U. Hovhannisyan, A. Hurth, T. Mitov, A. Poghosyan, V. Slusarczyk, M. Steinhauser, M. TI Estimate of B((B)over-bar -> X-s gamma) at O(alpha(2)(s)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RARE B-DECAYS; PHOTON ENERGY; NNLO CALCULATION; 2-LOOP RESULT; QUARK MASS; QCD; B->X(S)GAMMA; GAMMA; CUT AB Combining our results for various O(alpha(2)(s)) corrections to the weak radiative B-meson decay, we are able to present the first estimate of the branching ratio at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. We find B((B) over bar -> X-s gamma) = (3.15 +/- 0.23) x 10(-4) for E-gamma > 1.6 GeV in the (B) over bar -meson rest frame. The four types of uncertainties: nonperturbative (5%), parametric (3%), higher-order (3%), and m(c)-interpolation ambiguity (3%) have been added in quadrature to obtain the total error. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CERN, Div Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. DESY, Deutsches Elekt Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Misiak, M (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 34 TC 536 Z9 537 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 022002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.022002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700013 PM 17358597 ER PT J AU Navasardyan, T Adams, GS Ahmidouch, A Angelescu, T Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Benmouna, N Bertoncini, C Blok, HP Boeglin, WU Bosted, PE Breuer, H Christy, ME Connell, SH Cui, Y Dalton, MM Danagoulian, S Day, D Dodario, T Dunne, JA Dutta, D El Khayari, N Ent, R Fenker, HC Frolov, VV Gan, L Gaskell, D Hafidi, K Hinton, W Holt, RJ Horn, T Huber, GM Hungerford, E Jiang, X Jones, M Joo, K Kalantarians, N Kelly, JJ Keppel, CE Kubarovski, V Li, Y Liang, Y Malace, S Markowitz, P McGrath, E McKee, P Meekins, DG Mkrtchyan, H Moziak, B Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Opper, AK Ostapenko, T Reimer, P Reinhold, J Roche, J Rock, SE Schulte, E Segbefia, E Smith, C Smith, GR Stoler, P Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Ungaro, M Uzzle, A Vidakovic, S Villano, A Vulcan, WF Wang, M Warren, G Wesselmann, F Wojtsekhowski, B Wood, SA Xu, C Yuan, L Zheng, X Zhu, H AF Navasardyan, T. Adams, G. S. Ahmidouch, A. Angelescu, T. Arrington, J. Asaturyan, R. Baker, O. K. Benmouna, N. Bertoncini, C. Blok, H. P. Boeglin, W. U. Bosted, P. E. Breuer, H. Christy, M. E. Connell, S. H. Cui, Y. Dalton, M. M. Danagoulian, S. Day, D. Dodario, T. Dunne, J. A. Dutta, D. El Khayari, N. Ent, R. Fenker, H. C. Frolov, V. V. Gan, L. Gaskell, D. Hafidi, K. Hinton, W. Holt, R. J. Horn, T. Huber, G. M. Hungerford, E. Jiang, X. Jones, M. Joo, K. Kalantarians, N. Kelly, J. J. Keppel, C. E. Kubarovski, V. Li, Y. Liang, Y. Malace, S. Markowitz, P. McGrath, E. McKee, P. Meekins, D. G. Mkrtchyan, H. Moziak, B. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Opper, A. K. Ostapenko, T. Reimer, P. Reinhold, J. Roche, J. Rock, S. E. Schulte, E. Segbefia, E. Smith, C. Smith, G. R. Stoler, P. Tadevosyan, V. Tang, L. Ungaro, M. Uzzle, A. Vidakovic, S. Villano, A. Vulcan, W. F. Wang, M. Warren, G. Wesselmann, F. Wojtsekhowski, B. Wood, S. A. Xu, C. Yuan, L. Zheng, X. Zhu, H. TI Onset of quark-hadron duality in pion electroproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; AZIMUTHAL DEPENDENCE; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; MODEL; PROTON; LEPTOPRODUCTION; RESONANCES; BEHAVIOR; NUCLEON AB A large data set of charged-pion (pi(+/-)) electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark -> pion production mechanisms. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45071 USA. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Gettysburg Coll, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. RP Navasardyan, T (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015; Dalton, Mark/B-5380-2016 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245; Dalton, Mark/0000-0001-9204-7559 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 022001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.022001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700012 PM 17358596 ER PT J AU Paul, I Pepin, C Norman, MR AF Paul, I. Pepin, C. Norman, M. R. TI Kondo breakdown and hybridization fluctuations in the Kondo-Heisenberg lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; ANDERSON MODEL; GAUGE-THEORY; ELECTRON; EXPANSION; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SYSTEMS; HEAVY AB We study the deconfined quantum critical point of the Kondo-Heisenberg lattice in three dimensions using a fermionic representation for the localized spins. The mean-field phase diagram exhibits a zero temperature quantum critical point separating a spin liquid phase where the hybridization vanishes and a Kondo phase where it does not. Two solutions can be stabilized in the Kondo phase: namely, a uniform hybridization when the band masses of the conduction electrons and the spinons have the same sign, and a modulated one when they have opposite sign. For the uniform case, we show that above a very small temperature scale, the critical fluctuations associated with the vanishing hybridization have dynamical exponent z = 3, giving rise to a resistivity that has a T logT behavior. We also find that the specific heat coefficient diverges logarithmically in temperature, as observed in a number of heavy fermion metals. C1 CEA Saclay, SphT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paul, I (reprint author), CEA Saclay, SphT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 25 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 026402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.026402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700042 PM 17358626 ER PT J AU Rosenau, P Hyman, JM Staley, M AF Rosenau, Philip Hyman, James M. Staley, Martin TI Multidimensional compactons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS; SCATTERING; PLANE AB We study the two and three dimensional, N = 2, 3, nonlinear dispersive equation C-N(m,a + b): u(t) + (u(m))(x) + [u(a)del(2)u(b)](x) = 0 where the degeneration of the dispersion at the ground state induces cylindrically and spherically symmetric compactons convected in the x direction. An initial pulse of bounded extent decomposes into a sequence of robust compactons. Colliding compactons seem to emerge from the interaction intact, or almost so. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosenau, P (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM rosenau@post.tau.ac.il; hyman@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 024101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.024101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700024 PM 17358608 ER PT J AU Stekolnikov, AA Seino, K Bechstedt, F Wippermann, S Schmidt, WG Calzolari, A Nardelli, MB AF Stekolnikov, A. A. Seino, K. Bechstedt, F. Wippermann, S. Schmidt, W. G. Calzolari, A. Buongiorno Nardelli, M. TI Hexagon versus trimer formation in in nanowires on Si(111): Energetics and quantum conductance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTRON-GAS; INDIUM; SURFACE; CHAINS; INSTABILITY; SILICON; STATE; WAVE AB The structural and electronic properties of the quasi-one-dimensional In/Si (111) surface system are calculated from first principles. It is found that the symmetry lowering of the In chains is energetically favorable, provided neighboring nanowires are correlated, giving rise to a doubling of the surface unit cell both along and perpendicular to the chain direction. The recently suggested formation of hexagons within the In nanowires [C. Gonzalez, F. Flores, and J. Ortega, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 136101 (2006)]-in clear contrast to the trimer formation proposed earlier-drastically modifies the electron transport along the In chains, in agreement with experiment. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Festkorpertheorie & Opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Theoret Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. CNR, INFM, Natl Res Ctr, I-41100 Modena, Italy. N Carolina State Univ, CHiPS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stekolnikov, AA (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Festkorpertheorie & Opt, Max Wien Pl 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009; Wippermann, Stefan/H-8481-2014; Seino, Kaori /A-7909-2015; Calzolari, Arrigo/B-8448-2015 OI Wippermann, Stefan/0000-0001-9680-2128; Calzolari, Arrigo/0000-0002-0244-7717 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 026105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.026105 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700040 PM 17358624 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Dhar, S Wang, SR Ahyi, AC Franceschetti, A Williams, JR Feldman, LC Pantelides, ST AF Wang, Sanwu Dhar, S. Wang, Shu-rui Ahyi, A. C. Franceschetti, A. Williams, J. R. Feldman, L. C. Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Bonding at the SiC-SiO2 interface and the effects of nitrogen and hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; OXIDATION; SIO2; MECHANISMS; DENSITY; STATES; 4H AB Unlike the Si-SiO2 interface, the SiC-SiO2 interface has large defect densities. Though nitridation has been shown to reduce the defect density, the effect of H remains an open issue. Here we combine experimental data and the results of first-principles calculations to demonstrate that a Si-C-O bonded interlayer with correlated threefold-coordinated C atoms accounts for the observed defect states, for passivation by N and atomic H, and for the nature of residual defects. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, SW (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. NR 29 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 AR 026101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.026101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127LF UT WOS:000243586700036 PM 17358620 ER PT J AU Rae, PJ Brown, EN Orler, EB AF Rae, P. J. Brown, E. N. Orler, E. B. TI The mechanical properties of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) with emphasis on the large compressive strain response SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK); tension and compression; large-strain discolouration ID ETHER ETHER KETONE); RAPID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE MODULATED DSC; UNIT-CELL PARAMETERS; J-R CURVE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLY(ARYL-ETHER-ETHER-KETONE) PEEK; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ESSENTIAL WORK; LOADING RATE AB The mechanical properties of PEEK 450G have been extensively investigated. The compressive properties were measured at strain rates between 1 X 10(-4) and 3000 s(-1) and temperatures between -85 and 200 degrees C. The tensile properties were measured between the strain rates of 2.7 x 10(-5) and 1.9 X 10(-2) s(-1) and at temperatures between -50 and 150 degrees C. The Taylor impact properties were investigated as a function of velocity and various large-strain compression tests were undertaken to explain the results. The fracture toughness was investigated as a function of temperature and compared with previous literature. Additionally, the fracture surfaces were studied by microscopy. As with all semicrystalline polymers the mechanical response is a strong function of the strain rate and testing temperature. A previously reported phenomenon of darkening observed in Taylor impacted samples is shown to be due to reduced crystallinity brought about by large compressive strain. For samples deformed to large compressive strains using a variety of techniques and strain-rates the measured Vickers hardness was found to decrease in accordance with reduced crystallinity measured by other techniques. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Lab, Struct Property Relat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Lab, Polylmers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rae, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Lab, Struct Property Relat, MST-8,MS-G755,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prae@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 60 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 598 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.032 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 130MQ UT WOS:000243804100021 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Baade, D Patat, F AF Wang, Lifan Baade, Dietrich Patat, Ferdinando TI Spectropolarimetric diagnostics of thermonuclear supernova explosions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-DETONATION MODEL; IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; SN 1999BY; ASPHERICITY; POLARIMETRY; 2001EL AB Even at extragalactic distances, the shape of supernova ejecta can be effectively diagnosed by spectropolarimetry. We present results for 17 type Ia supernovae that allow a statistical study of the correlation among the geometric structures and other observable parameters of type Ia supernovae. These observations suggest that type Ia supernova ejecta typically consist of a smooth, central, iron-rich core and an outer layer with chemical asymmetries. The degree of this peripheral asphericity is correlated with the light-curve decline rate of type Ia supernovae. These results lend strong support to delayed-detonation models of type Ia supernovae. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European So Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wang@physics.tamu.edu OI Patat, Ferdinando/0000-0002-0537-3573 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5809 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1126/science.1121656 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124XZ UT WOS:000243407400038 PM 17138869 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Sasaki, K Sutter, E Adzic, RR AF Zhang, J. Sasaki, K. Sutter, E. Adzic, R. R. TI Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-CLUSTERS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; FUEL-CELLS; ADSORPTION; CO; SURFACES; OXIDATION; TIO2; O-2 AB We demonstrated that platinum (Pt) oxygen-reduction fuel-cell electrocatalysts can be stabilized against dissolution under potential cycling regimes ( a continuing problem in vehicle applications) by modifying Pt nanoparticles with gold (Au) clusters. This behavior was observed under the oxidizing conditions of the O-2 reduction reaction and potential cycling between 0.6 and 1.1 volts in over 30,000 cycles. There were insignificant changes in the activity and surface area of Au-modified Pt over the course of cycling, in contrast to sizable losses observed with the pure Pt catalyst under the same conditions. In situ x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and voltammetry data suggest that the Au clusters confer stability by raising the Pt oxidation potential. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 1058 Z9 1085 U1 84 U2 647 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5809 BP 220 EP 222 DI 10.1126/science.1134569 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124XZ UT WOS:000243407400041 PM 17218522 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TP Fennell, JF Roeder, JL Reeves, GD AF O'Brien, T. P. Fennell, J. F. Roeder, J. L. Reeves, G. D. TI Extreme electron fluxes in the outer zone SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RADIATION BELT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; STORMS; ORBIT AB Following the work of Koons ( 2001), we examine the statistical properties of extremely high fluxes of MeV electrons in the outer zone. We extend the analysis to include a variety of timescales and energies using observations from Los Alamos monitors at geosynchronous orbit and to include outer zone fluxes observed from L similar to 2-8 by spacecraft in highly elliptical Molniya orbits. We use the statistical formalism of the generalized extreme value distribution, which represents the probability distribution of the maximum value taken out of a sample of fixed size. By taking the maximum flux observed in many nonoverlapping intervals of several hours to several days, we can determine whether the maximum flux is likely to have a finite upper limit or an exponential or power law tail. Our analysis indicates that MeV electron fluxes over a broad range of energies, L shells, and timescales have a finite upper limit, a true worst case. However, the statistical estimate of this upper limit is inherently uncertain. We compare our upper limits to the internal charging specifications provided by Fennell et al. ( 2000). We discuss several possible physical explanations for the flux limits. C1 [O'Brien, T. P.; Fennell, J. F.; Roeder, J. L.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP O'Brien, TP (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM paul.obrien@aero.org RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 AR S01001 DI 10.1029/2006SW000240 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261IP UT WOS:000253072600002 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, TI Partamies, N McPherron, RL Henderson, M Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF Singer, HJ AF Pulkkinen, T. I. Partamies, N. McPherron, R. L. Henderson, M. Reeves, G. D. Thomsen, M. F. Singer, H. J. TI Comparative statistical analysis of storm time activations and sawtooth events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT DEVELOPMENT; SOLAR-WIND; PLASMA SHEET; TAIL CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PHASE; MODEL; MAGNETOTAIL; CONVECTION AB [1] Statistical properties of storm time magnetospheric activity are examined using superposed epoch analysis. We show that about half of storm time auroral electrojet activations have signatures that are typical of nonstorm substorms, including geostationary orbit injections and magnetic field dipolarizations. Analysis of a separate data set of sawtooth events shows that they have auroral and inner magnetosphere characteristics that are quite similar to those found generally during storm time activity. Hence it is concluded that the sawtooth events do not represent a specific class of magnetospheric activity. Examination of the solar wind and IMF properties showed that about 30% of storm time substorm-like activations and about 20% of the sawtooth oscillations have associated solar wind or IMF triggers and that triggering is more likely during high solar wind pressure and fluctuating IMF. The solar wind-magnetosphere coupling efficiency is shown to be independent of the solar wind Mach number or level of IMF fluctuations but dependent on the level of driving; when E-Y is small, the ionospheric dissipation, ring current intensification, and geostationary field stretching are relatively larger than when the driving E-Y is large. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calgary, Inst Space Res, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pulkkinen, TI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM noora@phys.ucalgary.ca; rmcpherron@igpp.ucla.edu; mhenderson@lanl.gov; reeves@lanl.gov; mthomsen@lanl.gov; howard.singer@noaa.gov RI Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Partamies, Noora/G-3408-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Partamies, Noora/0000-0003-2536-9341; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A1 AR A01205 DI 10.1029/2006JA012024 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126RG UT WOS:000243531900002 ER PT J AU Averkiev, BB Boldyrev, AI Li, X Wang, LS AF Averkiev, Boris B. Boldyrev, Alexander I. Li, Xi Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Probing the structure and bonding in Al6N- and Al6N by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; ELECTRON PROPAGATOR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; IONIZATION ENERGIES; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; ALUMINUM CLUSTERS; 2ND-ROW ELEMENTS; 1ST-ROW ELEMENTS; GREEN-FUNCTION AB The electronic and geometrical structure of a nitrogen-doped Al-6(-) cluster (Al6N-) is investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Photoelectron spectra of Al6N- have been obtained at three photon energies with seven resolved spectral features. The electron affinity of Al6N has been determined to be 2.58 +/- 0.04 eV. Global minimum structure searches for A(6)N(-) and its corresponding neutral form are performed using several theoretical methods. Vertical electron detachment energies, calculated using three different methods for the lowest energy structure and a low-lying isomer, are compared with the experimental data. The ground-state structure of Al6N- is established from the joint experimental and theoretical study to consist of an Al-2 dimer bonded to the top of a quasi-planar tetracoordinated N unit, Al4N-, or it can be viewed as a distorted trigonal prism structure with the N atom bonded in one of the prism faces. For neutral Al6N, three low-lying isomers are found to compete for the global minimum, two of which are built from the tetracoordinated Al4N unit. The chemical bonding in Al6N- is discussed on the basis of molecular orbital and natural bond analyses. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boldyrev, AI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM boldyrev@cc.usu.edu; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1021/jp066747e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122LR UT WOS:000243229000007 PM 17201385 ER PT J AU Janik, I Bartels, DM Marin, TW Jonah, CD AF Janik, Ireneusz Bartels, David M. Marin, Timothy W. Jonah, Charles D. TI Reaction of O-2 with the hydrogen atom in water up to 350 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REACTIONS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; HYDRATED ELECTRON; REACTION-RATES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA AB The reaction of the H-center dot atom with O-2, giving the hydroperoxyl HO2 center dot radical, has been investigated in pressurized water up to 350 degrees C using pulse radiolysis and deep-UV transient absorption spectroscopy. The reaction rate behavior is highly non-Arrhenius, with near diffusion-limited behavior at room temperature, increasing to a near constant limiting value of similar to 5 x 10(10) M-1 s(-1) above 250 degrees C. The high-temperature rate constant is in near-perfect agreement with experimental extrapolations and ab initio calculations of the gas-phase high-pressure limiting rate. As part of the study, reaction of the OH center dot radical with H-2 has been reevaluated at 350 degrees C, giving a rate constant of (6.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(8) M-1 s(-1). The mechanism of the H-center dot atom reaction with the HO2 center dot radical is also investigated and discussed. C1 Notre Dame Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Benedictine Univ, Dept Chem, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bartels, DM (reprint author), Notre Dame Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM bartels@hertz.rad.nd.edu RI Marin, Timothy/E-3446-2010 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1021/jp065140v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 122LR UT WOS:000243229000013 PM 17201391 ER PT J AU Howell, RC Conradson, SD Garcia-Adeva, AJ AF Howell, Rafael C. Conradson, Steven D. Garcia-Adeva, Angel J. TI Coherent versus uncorrelated nanoscale heterogeneities in L1(0) solid solutions and their signatures from local and extended probes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-COUPLED LAYERS; PARTIALLY ORDERED NIMN; X-RAY SCATTERING; THERMAL-STABILITY; PHASE-SEPARATION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SPIN VALVES; ALLOYS; HEADS; STATE AB The structural properties of the phase coexistence of chemically ordered L1(0) and chemically disordered structures within binary alloys are investigated, using the NiMn system as an example. Theoretical and numerical predictions of the signatures that one might expect in data from local and extended probes are presented in an attempt to explain the presence of antiferromagnetism in NiMn when no L1(0) signatures appear in diffraction data. Two scenarios are considered. In the first scenario, the tetragonal L1(0) structure and fcc chemically disordered structure are distributed evenly into uncorrelated domains of specified average diameter. The diffraction limit, below which the two structures can only be distinguished using a local probe, is quantified with respect to the domain diameter by applying straightforward diffraction analysis. In the second scenario, domains with chemical ordering oriented in different directions are required to maintain their atomic coherence with each other. A numerical treatment is used to illustrate the long-range strain that results from elastic energy considerations, and the effects on the structure factor (extended probe) and pair distribution function (local probe) are investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UPV, EHU, Dept Fis Aplicada, IETS Ingn Bilbao, Bilbao 48013, Spain. RP Howell, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rhowell@lanl.gov; conradson@lanl.gov; wuzgaada@lg.ehu.es RI Garcia Adeva, Angel/L-5157-2014 OI Garcia Adeva, Angel/0000-0003-2776-2390 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1021/jp062366p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 122LV UT WOS:000243229400020 PM 17201440 ER PT J AU Xu, CS Cang, H Montiel, D Yang, H AF Xu, C. Shan Cang, Hu Montiel, Daniel Yang, Haw TI Rapid and quantitative sizing of nanoparticles using three-dimensional single-particle tracking SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES; DYNAMICS AB We report the first application of three-dimensional (3D) single-particle tracking (SPT) to hydrodynamic size characterization of gold nanoparticles in water. Nanoparticles undergoing Brownian motion were dynamically locked at the focal point of a microscope objective, one at a time, by rapid counteractive movements of the sample container. The hydrodynamic radius was derived from the recorded trajectory of each individual nanoparticle. The directly measured size and size distribution using 3D-SPT were in agreement with those obtained using the conventional dynamic light scattering (DLS) and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hawyang@berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1021/jp0671796 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800009 ER PT J AU Aruguete, DM Marcus, MA Li, LS Williamson, A Fakra, S Gygi, F Galli, GA Alivisatos, AP AF Aruguete, Deborah M. Marcus, Matthew A. Li, Liang-Shi Williamson, Andrew Fakra, Sirine Gygi, Francois Galli, Giulia A. Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Surface structure of CdSe nanorods revealed by combined X-ray absorption fine structure measurements and ab initio calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH AB We report orientation-specific, surface-sensitive structural characterization of colloidal CdSe nanorods with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and ab initio density functional theory calculations. Our measurements of crystallographically aligned CdSe nanorods show that they have reconstructed Cd-rich surfaces. They exhibit orientation-dependent changes in interatomic distances which are qualitatively reproduced by our calculations. These calculations reveal that the measured interatomic distance anisotropy originates from the nanorod surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Quantum Simulat Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1021/jp065986z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800015 ER PT J AU Phillips, DC York, RL Mermut, O McCrea, KR Ward, RS Somorjai, GA AF Phillips, Diana C. York, Roger L. Mermut, Ozzy McCrea, Keith R. Ward, Robert S. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Side chain, chain length, and sequence effects on amphiphilic peptide adsorption at hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces studied by sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID WATER INTERFACES; AMINO-ACIDS; FIBRINOGEN; PROTEIN; CONFORMATION; ORIENTATION; MOLECULES; POLYSTYRENE; MICROSCOPY; LYSOZYME AB The surface molecular structure and adsorbed mass of a series of model amphiphilic peptides have been studied in situ with surface-specific sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at the hydrophobic polystyrene and hydrophilic silica solid-water interface. The peptides are designed to form alpha-helical (XY14) and beta-strand (XY7) secondary structures at an apolar interface and contain hydrophobic (X) and charged (Y) amino acids with sequence Ac-XYYXXYXX-YYXXYX-NH2 or Ac-XYXYXYX-NH2, respectively. The X and Y combinations are leucine (L) and lysine (K), alanine (A) and lysine (K), alanine (A) and arginine (R), and phenylalanine (F) and arginine (R). One additional peptide with sequence Ac-LKKLLKL-NH2 (LK7 R) was synthesized. These peptides allow for the study of how chain length (LK14 vs LK7 alpha and LK7 beta), amino acid side chain character (LK vs AK vs AR vs FR), and sequence (LK7 alpha-helix vs LK7 beta-strand sequences) affect adsorption. The SFG spectra of adsorbed peptides on polystyrene typically show CH resonances characteristic of the hydrophobic side chains oriented at the interface. On polystyrene, the molecular orientation the side chain of alanine is more sensitive to changes in peptide chain length and sequence than that of leucine or phenylalanine. The SFG spectra of adsorbed peptides on silica show no distinct peptide modes, with the exception of the LK14 peptide, where an amide A NH mode is observed. The results demonstrate that SFG vibrational spectra can fingerprint specific amino acid ordering occurring at the polystyrene interface and secondary structure ordering at the silica interface. QCM data indicates that all peptides except LK7 beta adsorb onto both hydrophobic polystyrene and hydrophilic silica surfaces, even when SFG active modes are not observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polymer Technol Grp, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI York, Roger/C-6547-2008 OI York, Roger/0000-0002-5105-6800 NR 41 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1021/jp0645263 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800040 ER PT J AU Lima, FHB Zhang, J Shao, MH Sasaki, K Vukmirovic, MB Ticianelli, EA Adzic, RR AF Lima, F. H. B. Zhang, J. Shao, M. H. Sasaki, K. Vukmirovic, M. B. Ticianelli, E. A. Adzic, R. R. TI Catalytic activity-d-band center correlation for the O-2 reduction reaction on platinum in alkaline solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RING-DISK ELECTRODE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; TRANSITION-METALS; ALLOY CATALYSTS; PT-CO; SURFACES; ADSORPTION AB We determined, by the rotating disk electrode technique, the kinetics of the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) on the surfaces of single crystals of Au( 111), Ag( 111), Pd( 111), Rh( 111), Ir( 111), and Ru( 0001), on Pt monolayers deposited on their surfaces, and also on nanoparticles of these metals dispersed on high-surface-area carbon. Plotting the correlation between the experimentally determined activities of these three types of electrocatalysts with the calculated metal d-band center energies, epsilon(d), revealed a volcano-type dependence. In all cases, the electronic properties of the metal electrocatalysts, represented by the epsilon(d) value, were used for elucidating the metal-dependent catalytic activities, and establishing their electronic propertiessthe ORR kinetics relationship. Pt( 111), Pt/C, and Pt/Pd( 111) were found to top their corresponding volcano plots. Pd in alkaline solutions showed particularly high activity, suggesting it may offer potential replacement for Pt in fuel cells. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov RI Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012; Lima, Fabio/E-7109-2012; OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799; Shao, Minhua/0000-0003-4496-0057 NR 35 TC 241 Z9 244 U1 31 U2 236 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1021/jp065181r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800059 ER PT J AU Bronkema, JL Bell, AT AF Bronkema, Jason L. Bell, Alexis T. TI Mechanistic studies of methanol oxidation to formaldehyde on isolated vanadate sites supported on MCM-48 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM-OXIDE CATALYSTS; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; BUTANE OXIDATION; FT-IR; SILICA; REACTIVITY; SURFACE; PHASE; RAMAN AB The mechanism of methanol oxidation to formaldehyde catalyzed by isolated vanadate species supported on silica has been investigated by in situ Raman and TPD/TPO experiments. Raman, XANES, and EXAFS were used to characterize the V-MCM-48 sample, prepared with a loading of 0.3 V/nm(2), and it is concluded that the oxidized form of the vanadium is isolated VO4 units. The VO4 species consist of one V=O bond and three V-O-Si bonds in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Methanol reacts reversibly, at a ratio of approximately 1 methanol per V, with one V-O-Si to produce both V-OCH3/Si-OH and V-OH/Si-OCH3 group pairs in roughly equivalent concentrations. Formaldehyde is formed from the methyl group of V-OCH3, most likely by the transfer of one H atom to the V=O bond of the vanadium containing the methoxide group. Formaldehyde is formed in nearly equal concentrations both in the presence and in the absence of gas-phase oxygen. CO and H-2 are produced by the decomposition of CH2O at higher temperature. In the absence of O-2, Si-OCH3 groups undergo hydrogenation to form CH4, and in the presence of O2, these groups are oxidized to COx ( x = 1, 2) and H2O above 650 K. Under steady-state reaction conditions, CH2O is produced as the dominant product of methanol oxidation at temperatures below 650 K with an apparent activation energy of 23 kcal/mol. Schemes for the product flows during both TPD and TPO experiments, along with proposed surface intermediates, are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alexbell@berkeley.edu OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 420 EP 430 DI 10.1021/jp0653149 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800061 ER PT J AU Yim, WL Nowitzki, T Necke, M Schnars, H Nickut, P Biener, J Biener, MM Zielasek, V Al-Shamery, K Kluner, T Baumer, M AF Yim, Wai-Leung Nowitzki, Tobias Necke, Mandus Schnars, Hanno Nickut, Patricia Biener, Jurgen Biener, Monika M. Zielasek, Volkmar Al-Shamery, Katharina Kluner, Thorsten Baumer, Marcus TI Universal phenomena of CO adsorption on gold surfaces with low-coordinated sites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; VAPOR-PHASE EPOXIDATION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; BASIS-SET; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; AU AB Since Au turned out to be an active catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperatures, CO adsorption on various Au surfaces has been in the scope of numerous surface science studies. Interestingly, supported particles as well as stepped and rough single-crystal surfaces exhibit very similar adsorption behavior. To elucidate the origin of these similarities, we have performed temperature-programmed desorption and infrared absorption spectroscopy for a whole range of Au surfaces from nanoparticles grown on HOPG to Au( 111) surfaces roughened by argon ion bombardment. In line with previous results, we have observed two desorption states at similar to 130-145 and similar to 170-185 K, respectively, and one infrared peak at around 2120 cm(-1) in all cases. In addition to the experiments, we have carried out theoretical studies of CO adsorption on Au( 332). The calculations show that CO desorption states above 100 K may be located at step-edges but not on terrace sites. Reducing the coordination of Au atoms further leads to successively higher binding energies with an unchanged anharmonic frequency. Therefore, we conclude that both desorption peaks belong to CO on low-coordinated Au atoms at steps and kinks. For the sputtered Au( 111) surface, scanning tunneling microscopy reveals a rough pit-and-mound morphology with a large number of such sites. In annealing experiments we observe that the loss of these sites coincides with the loss of CO adsorption capacity, corroborating our conclusions. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Angew & Phys Chem, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Oldenburg, Inst Reine & Angew Chem, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zielasek, V (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Angew & Phys Chem, Postfach 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. EM zielasek@uni-bremen.de RI Yim, Wai-Leung/B-6629-2013; Baumer, Marcus/S-5441-2016 OI Baumer, Marcus/0000-0002-8620-1764 NR 38 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1021/jp0665729 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147HK UT WOS:000244993800065 ER PT J AU Furlanetto, SR Furlanetto, MR AF Furlanetto, Steven R. Furlanetto, Michael R. TI Spin-exchange rates in electron-hydrogen collisions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; scattering; diffuse radiation ID DIRECT NUMERICAL APPROACH; 1ST BLACK-HOLES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; 21-CM LINE; PRE-REIONIZATION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; TEMPERATURE; ATOMS AB The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen, which determines the 21-cm optical depth and brightness temperature, is set by the competition between radiative and collisional processes. In the high-redshift intergalactic medium, the dominant collisions are typically those between hydrogen atoms. However, collisions with electrons couple much more efficiently to the spin state of hydrogen than do collisions with other hydrogen atoms and thus become important once the ionized fraction exceeds similar to 1 per cent. Here, we compute the rate at which electron-hydrogen collisions change the hydrogen spin. Previous calculations included only S-wave scattering and ignored resonances near the n = 2 threshold. We provide accurate results, including all partial wave terms through the F-wave, for the de-excitation rate at temperatures T-K less than or similar to 1.5 x 10(4) K; beyond that point, excitation to n >= 2 hydrogen levels becomes significant. Accurate electron-hydrogen collision rates at higher temperatures are not necessary, because collisional excitation in this regime inevitably produces Ly alpha photons, which in turn dominate spin exchange when T-K greater than or similar to 6200 K even in the absence of radiative sources. Our rates differ from previous calculations by several per cent over the temperature range of interest. We also consider some simple astrophysical examples where our spin de-excitation rates are useful. C1 Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Furlanetto, SR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, POB 208121, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM steven.furlanetto@yale.edu; mfurlanetto@lanl.gov NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11169.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 130IA UT WOS:000243792100016 ER PT J AU Tzanavaris, P Murphy, MT Webb, JK Flambaum, VV Curran, SJ AF Tzanavaris, P. Murphy, M. T. Webb, J. K. Flambaum, V. V. Curran, S. J. TI Probing variations in fundamental constants with radio and optical quasar absorption-line observations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; 21 CENTIMETER ABSORPTION; HI 21-CM ABSORPTION; LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; TIME-VARIATION; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; MASS-RATIO; VARY; UNIFICATION AB Nine quasar absorption spectra at 21-cm and ultraviolet (UV) rest-frame wavelengths are used to estimate possible variations in x equivalent to alpha(2)g(p)mu, where alpha is the fine structure constant, g(p) the proton g-factor and mu equivalent to m(e)/m(p) is the electron-to-proton mass ratio. We find (weighted)(total) = (0.63 +/- 0.99) x 10(-5) over a redshift range 0.23 less than or similar to z(abs) less than or similar to 2.35 which corresponds to look-back times of 2.7-10.5 billion years. A linear fit against look-back time, tied to Delta x/x = 0 at z = 0, gives a best-fitting rate of change of (x)over dot/x = (-.06 +/- 1.2) x 10(-15) yr(-2). We find no evidence for strong angular variations in x across the sky. Our sample is much larger than most previous samples and demonstrates that intrinsic line-of-sight velocity differences between the 21-cm and UV absorption redshifts, which have a random sign and magnitude in each absorption system, limit our precision. The data directly imply that the average magnitude of this difference is Delta v(los) similar to 6 km s(-1). Combining our Delta x/x measurement with absorption-line constraints on alpha-variation yields strong limits on the variation of mu. Our most conservative estimate, obtained by assuming no variations in alpha or g(p) is simply Delta mu/mu = (weighted)(total). If we use only the four high-redshift absorbers in our sample, we obtain Delta mu/mu = (0.58 +/- 1.95) x 10(-5), which agrees (2 sigma) with recent, more direct estimates from two absorption systems containing molecular hydrogen, also at high redshift, and which have hinted at a possible mu-variation, Delta mu/mu = (-2.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-5). Our method of constraining Delta mu/mu is completely independent from the molecular hydrogen observations. If we include the low-redshift systems, our Delta mu/mu result differs significantly from the high-redshift molecular hydrogen results. We detect a dipole variation in mu across the sky, but given the sparse angular distribution of quasar sight lines we find that this model is required by the data at only the 88 per cent confidence level. Clearly, much larger samples of 21-cm and molecular hydrogen absorbers are required to adequately resolve the issue of the variation of mu and x. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzanavaris, P (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, I Metaxa & V Pavlou, Penteli 15236, Greece. EM pana@astro.noa.gr RI Murphy, Michael/B-8832-2008 OI Murphy, Michael/0000-0002-7040-5498 NR 59 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11178.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 130IA UT WOS:000243792100023 ER PT J AU Motoyama, EM Yu, G Vishik, IM Vajk, OP Mang, PK Greven, M AF Motoyama, E. M. Yu, G. Vishik, I. M. Vajk, O. P. Mang, P. K. Greven, M. TI Spin correlations in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Nd2-xCexCuO4 +/-delta SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ORDER AB High-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductivity develops near antiferromagnetic phases, and it is possible that magnetic excitations contribute to the superconducting pairing mechanism. To assess the role of antiferromagnetism, it is essential to understand the doping and temperature dependence of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin correlations. The phase diagram is asymmetric with respect to electron and hole doping, and for the comparatively less-studied electron-doped materials, the antiferromagnetic phase extends much further with doping(1,2) and appears to overlap with the superconducting phase. The archetypal electron-doped compound Nd2-xCexCuO4+/-delta (NCCO) shows bulk superconductivity above x approximate to 0.13 ( refs 3, 4), while evidence for antiferromagnetic order has been found up to x approximate to 0.17 ( refs 2, 5, 6). Here we report inelastic magnetic neutron-scattering measurements that point to the distinct possibility that genuine long-range antiferromagnetism and superconductivity do not coexist. The data reveal a magnetic quantum critical point where superconductivity first appears, consistent with an exotic quantum phase transition between the two phases(7). We also demonstrate that the pseudogap phenomenon in the electron-doped materials, which is associated with pronounced charge anomalies(8-11), arises from a build-up of spin correlations, in agreement with recent theoretical proposals(12,13). C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Greven, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM greven@stanford.edu RI Yu, Guichuan/K-4025-2014 NR 24 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7124 BP 186 EP 189 DI 10.1038/nature05437 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124QF UT WOS:000243384300046 PM 17215839 ER PT J AU Farnan, I Cho, H Weber, WJ AF Farnan, Ian Cho, Herman Weber, William J. TI Quantification of actinide alpha-radiation damage in minerals and ceramics SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRYSTALLINE CERAMICS; WASTE FORMS; ZIRCON; SI-29; PLUTONIUM; IMMOBILIZATION; METAMICTIZATION; AMORPHIZATION; ZRSIO4 AB There are large amounts of heavy alpha-emitters in nuclear waste and nuclear materials inventories stored in various sites around the world(1). These include plutonium and minor actinides such as americium and curium. In preparation for geological disposal there is consensus(2) that actinides that have been separated from spent nuclear fuel should be immobilized within mineral-based ceramics rather than glass(2-4) because of their superior aqueous durability and lower risk of accidental criticality. However, in the long term, the alpha-decay taking place in these ceramics will severely disrupt their crystalline structure(2-4) and reduce their durability(5,6). A fundamental property in predicting cumulative radiation damage is the number of atoms permanently displaced per alpha-decay. At present, this number is estimated to be 1,000 - 2,000 atoms/alpha in zircon(4). Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance, spin-counting experiments that measure close to 5,000 atoms/alpha in radiation-damaged natural zircons. New radiological nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on highly radioactive, Pu-239 zircon show damage similar to that caused by U-238 and Th-232 in mineral zircons at the same dose, indicating no significant effect of half-life or loading levels ( dose rate). On the basis of these measurements, the initially crystalline structure of a 10 weight per cent Pu-239 zircon would be amorphous after only 1,400 years in a geological repository ( desired immobilization timescales are of the order of 250,000 years). These measurements establish a basis for assessing the long-term structural durability of actinide-containing ceramics in terms of an atomistic understanding of the fundamental damage event. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Farnan, I (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM ifarnan@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Farnan, Ian/M-3881-2014 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Farnan, Ian/0000-0001-7844-5112 NR 30 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7124 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1038/nature05425 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 124QF UT WOS:000243384300047 PM 17215840 ER PT J AU Rouby, X Eremin, V Grohmann, S Harkonen, J Li, Z Luukka, P Militaru, O Niinikoski, T Nussle, G Solano, BP Piotrzkowski, K Tuovinen, E Verbitskaya, E AF Rouby, X. Eremin, V. Grohmann, S. Harkonen, J. Li, Z. Luukka, P. Militaru, O. Niinikoski, T. Nuessle, G. Solano, B. Perea Piotrzkowski, K. Tuovinen, E. Verbitskaya, E. TI Cryogenic detector modules and edgeless silicon sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductors Detectors CY OCT 05-07, 2005 CL Firenze, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis Univ Firenze, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE cryogenic detectors; edgeless detectors; silicon detectors; radiation hardness; RD39 ID TEMPERATURES AB We are studying the operation of silicon microstrip detector with readout electronics in the temperature range from 90 to 130 K. The sensor can be operated in the current-injection mode which significantly improves its radiation hardness. A first module prototype has been built, with APV25 readout chips and an embedded microtube, providing efficient low-mass cooling of the whole module with a twophase flow of N-2 or Ar. First pedestal and pulse shape temperature dependencies are presented for this module. We have also built an edgeless test module with two pairs of laser cut sensors, with both angular and parallel cuts with respect to the strips (at 120 mu m pitch). We are studying the efficiency of the microstrip sensors very close (< 200 mu m) to the physical border of the cut silicon crystal and present here some electrical characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. ILK Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Rouby, X (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM rouby@fynu.ucl.ac.be RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Grohmann, Steffen/M-8671-2016; OI Grohmann, Steffen/0000-0003-1298-5110; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 570 IS 2 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.09.083 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136AF UT WOS:000244194300019 ER PT J AU Puskas, I Fleisch, TH Kaduk, JA Marshall, CL Meyers, BL Castagnola, MJ Indacochea, JE AF Puskas, I. Fleisch, T. H. Kaduk, J. A. Marshall, C. L. Meyers, B. L. Castagnola, M. J. Indacochea, J. E. TI Novel aspects of the physical chemistry of CO/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst preparations - Cobalt oxide-induced silica migration during calcination of cobalt nitrate-impregnated high surface area silica SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE cobalt; silica; Fischer-Tropsch; migration ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ANALYTICAL ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUPPORTED MAGNETITE CATALYSTS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION PROPERTIES; PRODUCTS; HYDROGEN; FLOW; TPR AB CO/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by aqueous cobalt nitrate impregnations of silicas with different surface areas to study the effect of the support surface area on the reactions occurring during impregnation and calcination and to define the stage and mode of metal-support interactions. TPR analyses of samples calcined in dry air showed the presence of various quantities of cobalt silicate species, while cobalt silicate formation was not discernible by other analytical techniques. Our conclusion, confirmed in our later studies, is that cobalt silicate does not form during impregnation or calcination, but is created during the reduction in the TPR instrument. Because of these and other ambiguities of the TPR analyses, in our continuing studies we preferred alternative analytical approaches. These studies on the calcination stage resulted in the following unusual findings: (1) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed drastic decreases in the surface cobalt concentration after calcination of high surface silicas impregnated with cobalt nitrate solutions. (2) Infrared spectroscopy indicated much less than expected Co3O4 formation upon calcination if high surface area silica was the support. (3) A method was devised to calculate the surface areas of individual components in mixtures. The calculations indicated about 20% surface area losses for the silica in calcined catalysts. (4) Scanning electron micrographs of a calcined catalyst on high surface area silica support showed smaller-sized decorations around the larger silica particles. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of the decorations showed Si as major, and Co as a minor component. Pure Co3O4 phases were not found by EDX analyses of these decorations. These four seemingly unrelated findings are attributed to a common cause: silica migration and weak bond formation between CoO and SiO2. The extent of surface area losses (i.e. the extent of silica migration) is about an order of magnitude greater in CoOx-SiO2 catalysts than in analogously treated SiO2. The migration of silica must have occurred in a relatively short time period during the thermal decomposition of cobalt nitrate, while simultaneous migration and oxidation of CoO to Co3O4 aggregates also occurred. The CoO species intercepted by SiO2 were unable to oxidize, resulting in reduced quantity of Co3O4 formation. The extensive migration of silica is attributed to strong attraction between SiO2 and CoO species, inducing the removal of silicic acid or silica molecules from the silica surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BP Chem, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaduk, JA (reprint author), BP Chem, POB 3011, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. EM James.Kaduk@innovene.com RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.09.029 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128NP UT WOS:000243664900010 ER PT J AU Shim, H Phillips, J Fonseca, IM Carabineiro, S AF Shim, Hyunsup Phillips, Jonathan Fonseca, I. M. Carabineiro, S. TI Plasma generation of supported metal catalysts (vol 237, pg 41, 2002) SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, P-2825 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Carabineiro, Sonia/K-3018-2014; Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 OI Carabineiro, Sonia/0000-0001-9913-4671; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 2 BP 259 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.008 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 128NP UT WOS:000243664900017 ER PT J AU Romaine, S Bruni, R Gorenstein, P Zhong, Z AF Romaine, S. Bruni, R. Gorenstein, P. Zhong, Z. TI Measurements of the hard-x-ray reflectivity of iridium SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS AB In connection with the design of a hard-x-ray telescope for the Constellation X-Ray Observatory we measured the reflectivity of an iridium-coated zerodur substrate as a function of angle at 55, 60, 70, and 80 keV at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The optical constants were derived from the reflectivity data. The real component of the index of refraction is in excellent agreement with theoretical values at all four energies. However, the imaginary component, which is related to the mass attenuation coefficient, is 50% to 70% larger at 55, 60, and 70 keV than theoretical values. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Romaine, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS83, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sromaine@cfa.harvard.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1364/AO.46.000185 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 123GD UT WOS:000243283500008 PM 17268563 ER PT J AU Zhao, HS Hooper, D Angus, GW Taylor, JE Silk, J AF Zhao, HongSheng Hooper, Dan Angus, Garry W. Taylor, James E. Silk, Joseph TI Tidal disruption of the first dark microhalos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter ID MILKY-WAY; MATTER; ANNIHILATION; SUBSTRUCTURE; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; SYSTEMS AB We point out that the usual self-similarity in cold dark matter models is broken by encounters with individual normal galactic stars on a subparsec scale. Tidal heating and stripping must have redefined the density and velocity structures of the population of the Earth-mass dark matter halos, which are likely to have been the first bound structures to form in the universe. The disruption rate depends strongly on galaxy types and the orbital distribution of the microhalos; in the Milky Way, stochastic radial orbits are destroyed first by stars in the triaxial bulge, and microhalos on nonplanar retrograde orbits with large pericenters and/or apocenters survive the longest. The final microhalo distribution in the solar neighborhood is better described as a superposition of filamentary microstreams rather than as a set of discrete spherical clumps in an otherwise homogeneous medium. This has important consequences to our detections of microhalos by direct recoil signal and indirect annihilation signal. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Zhao, HS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing, Peoples R China. OI silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 2 BP 697 EP 701 DI 10.1086/509649 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124PU UT WOS:000243382900001 ER PT J AU Belokurov, V Zucker, DB Evans, NW Kleyna, JT Koposov, S Hodgkin, ST Irwin, MJ Gilmore, G Wilkinson, MI Fellhauer, M Bramich, DM Hewett, PC Vidrih, S De Jong, JTA Smith, JA Rix, HW Bell, EF Wyse, RFG Newberg, HJ Mayeur, PA Yanny, B Rockosi, CM Gnedin, OY Schneider, DP Beers, TC Barentine, JC Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Belokurov, V. Zucker, D. B. Evans, N. W. Kleyna, J. T. Koposov, S. Hodgkin, S. T. Irwin, M. J. Gilmore, G. Wilkinson, M. I. Fellhauer, M. Bramich, D. M. Hewett, P. C. Vidrih, S. De Jong, J. T. A. Smith, J. A. Rix, H. -W. Bell, E. F. Wyse, R. F. G. Newberg, H. J. Mayeur, P. A. Yanny, B. Rockosi, C. M. Gnedin, O. Y. Schneider, D. P. Beers, T. C. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, H. Brinkmann, J. Harvanek, M. Kleinman, S. J. Krzesinski, J. Long, D. Nitta, A. Snedden, S. A. TI Cats and dogs, hair and a hero: A quintet of new Milky Way companions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; GALACTIC SATELLITES; FORNAX CLUSTER; DARK-MATTER; URSA-MAJOR; ANISOTROPIC DISTRIBUTION; ABUNDANCE RATIOS AB We present five new satellites of the Milky Way discovered in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data, four of which were followed up with either the Subaru or the Isaac Newton Telescopes. They include four probable new dwarf galaxies - one each in the constellations of Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Leo, and Hercules - together with one unusually extended globular cluster, Segue 1. We provide distances, absolute magnitudes, half-light radii, and color-magnitude diagrams for all five satellites. The morphological features of the color-magnitude diagrams are generally well described by the ridge line of the old, metal-poor globular cluster M92. In the past two years, a total of 10 new Milky Way satellites with effective surface brightness mu(v) greater than or similar to 28 mag arcsec(-2) have been discovered in SDSS data. They are less luminous, more irregular, and apparently more metal-poor than the previously known nine Milky Way dwarf spheroidals. The relationship between these objects and other populations is discussed. We note that there is a paucity of objects with half-light radii between similar to 40 and similar to 100 pc. We conjecture that this may represent the division between star clusters and dwarf galaxies. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Study Cosm Evolut, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, Krakow, Poland. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Belokurov, V (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk; zucker@ast.cam.ac.uk; nwe@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Koposov, Sergey/F-2754-2012; OI Koposov, Sergey/0000-0003-2644-135X; Gnedin, Oleg/0000-0001-9852-9954; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 74 TC 467 Z9 468 U1 3 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 2 BP 897 EP 906 DI 10.1086/509718 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124PU UT WOS:000243382900016 ER PT J AU Peng, F Brown, EF Truran, JW AF Peng, Fang Brown, Edward F. Truran, James W. TI Sedimentation and type I X-ray bursts at low accretion rates SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffusion; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID NEUTRON-STAR ENVELOPES; TEMPERATURE STELLAR PLASMA; WHITE-DWARF INTERIORS; ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SHELL FLASHES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PERSISTENT EMISSION; COMPTON-SCATTERING; THERMAL EMISSION AB Neutron stars, with their strong surface gravity, have interestingly short timescales for the sedimentation of heavy elements. Motivated by observations of Type I X-ray bursts from sources with extremely low persistent accretion luminosities, L-X < 10(36) ergs s(-1) (similar or equal to 0.01 L-Edd), we study how sedimentation affects the distribution of isotopes and the ignition of H and He in the envelope of an accreting neutron star. For local mass accretion rates (m) over dot less than or similar to 10(-2)(m) over dot (Edd) (for which the ignition of H is unstable), where. (m) over dot (Edd) = 8.8 x 10(4) g cm(-2) s(-1), the helium and CNO elements sediment out of the accreted fuel before reaching a temperature at which H would ignite. Using one-zone calculations of the thermonuclear burning, we find a range of accretion rates for which the unstable H ignition does not trigger unstable He burning. This range depends on the emergent flux from reactions in the deep neutron star crust; for F = (0.1 MeV)((m) over dot / m(u)), the range is 3 x 10(-3) (m) over dot (Edd). We speculate that sources accreting in this range would build up a massive He layer that would later produce an energetic and long X-ray burst. At mass accretion rates lower than this range, we find that the H flash leads to a strong mixed H/He flash. Surprisingly, even at accretion rates (m) over dot 0.1 (m) over dot (Edd), although the H and He do not completely segregate, the H abundance at the base of the accumulated layer is still reduced. While following the evolution of the X-ray burst is beyond the scope of this introductory paper, we note that the reduced proton-to-seed ratio favors the production of C-12 - an important ingredient for subsequent superbursts. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peng, F (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Brown, Edward/F-1721-2011; OI Brown, Edward/0000-0003-3806-5339 NR 99 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 2 BP 1022 EP 1035 DI 10.1086/509628 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124PU UT WOS:000243382900028 ER PT J AU Marois, C Macintosh, B Barman, T AF Marois, Christian Macintosh, Bruce Barman, Travis TI GQ Lup B visible and near-infrared photometric analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : imaging; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence; techniques : photometric ID H-ALPHA EMISSION; T-TAURI STARS; BROWN DWARFS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GIANT PLANETS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; COMPANION; OBJECTS; 2MASS AB We have reanalyzed archival HST and Subaru data of the recently discovered planetary mass companion (PMC) GQ Lup B. With these we produce the first R- and I-band photometry of the companion and fit a radius and effective temperature using detailed model atmospheres. We find an effective temperature of 2335 +/- 100 K, a radius of 0.38 +/- 0.05 R-circle dot, and a luminosity of log (L/L-circle dot) = -2.42 +/- 0.07(at 140 pc). Since we fit wavelengths that span , most of the emitted radiation from GQ Lup, this luminosity estimate is robust, with uncertainty dominated by the distance uncertainty (+/- 50 pc). The radius obtained for 140 pc (0.38 R,) is significantly larger than the one originally derived and larger than model predictions. The mass of the object is much more model-dependent than the radiative properties, but for the Gaia dusty models we find a mass between 10M(Jup) and 20M(Jup), in the range of the brown dwarf and PMC deuterium-burning boundary. Assuming a distance of 140 pc, observations fit to 1 sigma the Baraffe evolution model for an similar to 15M(Jup) brown dwarf. Additionally, the F606W photometric band is significantly overluminous compared to model predictions and other brown dwarfs. Such overluminosity could be explained by a bright H alpha emission from chromospheric activity, interaction with another undetected companion, or accretion. Assuming that GQ Lup B has a bright H alpha emission line, its H alpha emission strength is 10(-1.71 +/- 0.10) L-bol, significantly larger than field late-type dwarfs. GQ Lup B might be strongly accreting and might still be in its formation phase. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Marois, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/511071 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124PV UT WOS:000243383000012 ER PT J AU Wu, S Ke, AL Doudna, JA AF Wu, Si Ke, Ailong Doudna, Jennifer A. TI A fast and efficient procedure to produce scFvs specific for large macromolecular complexes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE antibody phage display; scFv; macromolecular complexes; ribonucleoprotein ID SIGNAL-RECOGNITION PARTICLE; PHAGE DISPLAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODIES; BINDING; FTSY; GENERATION; RECEPTOR; SUBUNIT; LIBRARY AB We have expanded the application of antibody phage display to a new type of antigen: ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We describe a simple and efficient method for screening antibodies specific for large intact RNPs and individual components. We also describe a fast and easy method to overcome the abundance of amber stop codons in the positive phage clones. The resulting antibodies have been used in ELISA and Western blot analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 301BE Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM022778, P01 GM073732] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2006.10.005 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 131HE UT WOS:000243858800011 PM 17126854 ER PT J AU Hensel, JP Gemmen, RS Thornton, JD Vipperman, JS Clark, WW Bucci, BA AF Hensel, J. Peter Gemmen, Randall S. Thornton, Jimmy D. Vipperman, Jeffrey S. Clark, William W. Bucci, Brian A. TI Effects of cell-to-cell fuel mal-distribution on fuel cell performance and a means to reduce mal-distribution using MEMS micro-valves SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PEMFC; MEMS; micro-valve; fuel cell energy management; flow imbalance ID MANAGEMENT; WATER AB Achieving uniform flow among the cells of a fuel cell stack plays a significant role in being able to operate at maximum capability and efficiency. This paper presents experimental data showing the importance of cell-to-cell fuel flow balancing on fuel cell performance, and a fuel cell energy management (FCEM) technique that has demonstrated the ability to improve stack performance. In a specially instrumented four-cell polymer electrolyte fuel cell that allows external control of the air, fuel, and water-cooling flows to each cell, fuel to a single cell was reduced. V-I curves collected under these unbalanced conditions are compared to curves collected when the fuel flow to each cell was balanced. Reducing the fuel flow to a single cell by 11% decreased the V-I curve cutoff load by 10%-demonstrating the degree of negative effect that unbalanced fuel flows can have on stack performance. Typical fuel cell stacks have no dynamic means to keep flows in the stack balanced between the cells, but through the use of custom-built, piezoelectric micro-valves, a simple flow control strategy, and this custom four-cell laboratory stack, the positive effects of FCEM flow balancing at three different fuel flow rates was demonstrated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Hensel, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM j.hensel@netl.doe.gov; jsv@pitt.edu NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 164 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.049 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 128RF UT WOS:000243675300018 ER PT J AU Berryman, OB Bryantsev, VS Stay, DP Johnson, DW Hay, BP AF Berryman, Orion B. Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S. Stay, David P. Johnson, Darren W. Hay, Benjamin P. TI Structural criteria for the design of anion receptors: The interaction of halides with electron-deficient arenes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID N-CONFUSED PORPHYRINS; PI INTERACTIONS; AB-INITIO; SYNTHETIC RECEPTORS; CATION-PI; SIGMA-COMPLEXES; HOST MOLECULES; BASIS-SETS; BINDING; RECOGNITION AB This paper refines the nature of the interactions between electron-deficient arenes and halide anions. Conclusions are based on (i) new crystal structures containing alkali halide salts with 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCB) and 18-crown-6, (ii) evaluation of crystal structures found in the Cambridge Structural Database, and (iii) MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations of F-, Cl-, and Br- complexes with TCB, 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene, triazine, and hexafluorobenzene. When the halide lies above the plane of the pi system, the results establish that three distinctly different types of complexes are possible: strongly covalent sigma complexes, weakly covalent donor-pi-acceptor complexes, and noncovalent anion-pi complexes. When aryl C-H groups are present, a fourth type of interaction leads to C-H center dot center dot center dot X- hydrogen bonding. Characterization of the different geometries encountered with the four possible binding motifs provides criteria needed to design host architectures containing electron-deficient arenes. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Oregon Nanosci & Microtechnol Inst, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM dwj@uoregon.edu; ben.hay@pnl.gov RI Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/M-5111-2016 OI Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-6501-6594 NR 68 TC 214 Z9 216 U1 8 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.1021/ja063460m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 121ZI UT WOS:000243195100024 PM 17199282 ER PT J AU Hocking, RK Wasinger, EC Yan, YL deGroot, FMF Walker, FA Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Hocking, Rosalie K. Wasinger, Erik C. Yan, Yi-Long deGroot, Frank M. F. Walker, F. Ann Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI Fe L-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy of low-spin heme relative to non-heme Fe complexes: Delocalization of Fe d-electrons into the porphyrin ligand SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID REVERSIBLE DIOXYGEN BINDING; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; GROUND-STATE; AXIAL LIGAND; OCTAHEDRAL SYMMETRY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PLANE ORIENTATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PARAMAGNETIC-RES AB Hemes (iron porphyrins) are involved in a range of functions in biology, including electron transfer, small-molecule binding and transport, and O-2 activation. The delocalization of the Fe d-electrons into the porphyrin ring and its effect on the redox chemistry and reactivity of these systems has been difficult to study by optical spectroscopies due to the dominant porphyrin pi ->pi* d transitions, which obscure the metal center. Recently, we have developed a methodology that allows for the interpretation of the multiplet structure of Fe L-edges in terms of differential orbital covalency (i.e., differences in mixing of the d-orbitals with ligand orbitals) using a valence bond configuration interaction (VBCI) model. Applied to low-spin heme systems, this methodology allows experimental determination of the delocalization of the Fe d-electrons into the porphyrin (P) ring in terms of both P -> Fe sigma and pi-donation and Fe -> P pi back-bonding. We find that d- donation to Fe(III) is much larger than pi back-bonding from Fe(II), indicating that a hole superexchange pathway dominates electron transfer. The implications of the results are also discussed in terms of the differences between heme and non-heme oxygen activation chemistry. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hocking, RK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Hocking, Rosalie/F-5763-2013; Walker, Frances/O-4395-2016 OI Hocking, Rosalie/0000-0002-2213-8786; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-180282, RR-01209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-31038, R01 DK031038, R56 DK031038]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-40392, GM-69568, L30 GM069568, R01 GM040392, R01 GM040392-08, R01 GM040392-21] NR 108 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1021/ja065627h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 121ZI UT WOS:000243195100032 PM 17199290 ER PT J AU Savery, LC Grlickova-Duzevik, E Wise, SS Thompson, WD Hinz, JA Thompson, LH Wise, JP AF Savery, Laura C. Grlickova-Duzevik, Eliza Wise, Sandra S. Thompson, W. Douglas Hinz, John A. Thompson, Larry H. Wise, John Pierce, Sr. TI Role of the Fancg gene in protecting cells from particulate chromate-induced chromosome instability SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)); lead chromate; FANCG; Fanconi anemia pathway; chromosome instability (CIN) ID HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; HUMAN BRONCHIAL CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; DNA CROSS-LINKS; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; ANEMIA PROTEINS; LEAD IONS; REPAIR; GENOTOXICITY AB Particulate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a known human lung carcinogen. Cr(VI)-induced tumors exhibit chromosome instability (CIN), but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We investigated a possible role for the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway in particulate Cr(VI)-induced chromosomal damage by focusing on the Fancg gene, which plays an important role in cellular resistance to DNA interstrand crosslinks. We used the isogenic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) KO40fancg mutant compared with parental and gene-complemented cells. We found that fancg cells treated with lead chromate had lower intracellular Cr ion levels than control cell lines. Accounting for differences of Cr ion levels between cell lines, we discovered that fancg cells treated with lead chromate had increased cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberrations, which was not observed after restoring the Fancg gene. Chromosomal damage was manifest as increased total chromosome damage and percent metaphases with damage, specifically an increase in chromatid and isochromatid breaks. We conclude that Fancg protects cells from particulate Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and chromosome damage, which is consistent with the known sensitivity of fancg cells to crosslinking damage and the ability of Cr(VI) to produce crosslinks. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Maine, Wise Lab Environm & Genet Toxicol, Portland, ME 04104 USA. Univ So Maine, Maine Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Portland, ME 04104 USA. Univ So Maine, Dept Appl Med Sci, Portland, ME 04104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wise, JP (reprint author), 178 Sci Bldg,96 Falmouth St, Portland, ME 04103 USA. EM John.Wise@usm.maine.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA11256, CA89405]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10838] NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 626 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.09.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 128FR UT WOS:000243644100015 PM 17097336 ER PT J AU Liu, LQ Ma, E Li, RF Liu, GK Chen, XY AF Liu, Liqin Ma, En Li, Renfu Liu, Guokui Chen, Xueyuan TI Effects of phonon confinement on the luminescence dynamics of Eu3+ in Gd2O3 nanotubes SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LANTHANIDE IONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FILMS; EU2O3 AB The effects of phonon confinement on the excited state dynamics of Eu3+ in Gd2O3 nanotubes are investigated. Anomalous thermalization appears due to elimination of low-energy phonon modes in this highly efficient nanophosphor of many potential applications. It is observed that in the low-temperature excitation spectrum hot bands with fine structures originate from the lowest sublevel of F-7(1) at 217 cm(-1) above the ground state. The intensity of the hot bands hardly changes below 50 K, but it increases and exhibits normal Boltzmann thermalization above 50 K. The fluorescence lifetime of D-5(0) (2.19 ms at 10 K) is found to be unusually longer than that of the bulk counterparts, indicating a small filling factor of 0.55 for the nanotubes. These luminescent properties are attributed to the morphology and to the lack of low-energy phonon modes in the nanotubes. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Natl Engn Res Ctr Optoelect Crystalline Mat, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Natl Engn Res Ctr Optoelect Crystalline Mat, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. EM xchen@fjirsm.ac.cn RI Chen, Xueyuan/C-5613-2012 OI Chen, Xueyuan/0000-0003-0493-839X NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 AR 015403 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/1/015403 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 130ZE UT WOS:000243836700014 ER PT J AU RaviPrakash, J McDaniel, AH Horn, M Pilione, L Sunal, P Messier, R McGrath, RT Schweighardt, FK AF RaviPrakash, J. McDaniel, A. H. Horn, M. Pilione, L. Sunal, P. Messier, R. McGrath, R. T. Schweighardt, F. K. TI Hydrogen sensors: Role of palladium thin film morphology SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; palladium; sensor; thin film; morphology; carbon monoxide ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PD(111) AB The effect of thin film morphology, carbon monoxide (CO) and resistor geometry on the response of hydrogen sensitive thin film palladium resistors has been investigated. Films with two different morphologies were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering under different gas pressures. Palladium thin film morphology was found to strongly influence sensor response in terms, of hydrogen sensitivity and rate of response. In dense columnar Pd films, CO dramatically increases the time-lag in sensor response to H-2 in H-2/CO mixtures. However, the steady state value of the response remains unchanged. Films with a void filled columnar morphology exhibited shorter time-lag in response to H-2 in presence of CO. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP RaviPrakash, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jraviprakash@gmail.com NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.02.050 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 134HH UT WOS:000244073600013 ER PT J AU Carrington, NA Thomas, GH Rodman, DL Beach, DB Xue, ZL AF Carrington, Nathan A. Thomas, George H. Rodman, D. Lynn Beach, David B. Xue, Zi-Ling TI Optical determination of Cr(VI) using regenerable, functionalized sol-gel monoliths SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE sol-gel; chromium(VI); monolith; diphenylcarbazide; pyridine ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; DUAL-TRANSDUCER APPROACH; CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; MICROCANTILEVER SENSOR; CONCENTRATED HYDROXIDE; ACIDITY DETERMINATION; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; WATER AB Transparent, pyridine-functionalized sol-gel monoliths have been formed and their use in Cr(VI) sensing applications is demonstrated. The monoliths were immersed in acidic Cr(VI)-containing solutions, and the Cr(VI) uptake was monitored using UV-vis and atomic absorption spectroscopies. At concentrations at the ppm level, the monoliths exhibit a yellow color change characteristic of Cr(VI) uptake, and this can be measured by monitoring the absorption change at about 350 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. Concentrations at the ppb level are below the limit of detection using this wavelength of 350 nm for measurement. However, by adding a diphenylcarbazide solution to monoliths that have been previously immersed in ppb-level Cr(VI) solutions, a distinct color change takes place within the gels that can be measured at about 540 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. Concentrations as low as 10ppb Cr(VI) can be measured using this method. The monoliths can then be regenerated for subsequent sensing cycles by thorough washing with 6.0 M HCl. The factors affecting monolith uptake of Cr(VI) have been explored. In addition, the gels have been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xue, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xue@utk.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1 R21 DK068107-01, R21 DK068107] NR 60 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 128NS UT WOS:000243665200006 PM 17386449 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Kim, JR Ahn, YR Jo, SM Cairns, EJ AF Choi, Sung Won Kim, Jeong Rae Ahn, Young Rack Jo, Seong Mu Cairns, Elton J. TI Characterization of electrospun PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CARBONATE; NANOFIBERS; MORPHOLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE; MEMBRANES AB Porous PVdF fiber-based membranes with a three-dimensional network structure, high porosity, large electrolyte solution uptake, and adequate mechanical properties were prepared by an electrospinning technique using various mixed-solvent compositions with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF). Their physical properties, including surface morphology, average fiber diameter, pore size, and electrolyte solution uptake, strongly depended on the composition of the polymer solution used for electrospinning. From X-ray diffraction and FT-Raman data, we found the PVdF membranes to have mixed-crystal structure sof Form II (alpha-type) and Form III (gamma-type). Electrospun PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes were prepared by immersing porous PVdF membranes into 1 M LiPF(6) electrolyte solutions. On the basis of FT-Raman data of the PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes, it was shown that ethylene carbonate molecules mainly participated in the solvation of the lithium salt. Moreover, with the exception of diethyl carbonate, these aliphatic carbonate molecules strongly interacted with the PVdF chain. The polymer electrolytes exhibited high ionic conductivities up to 1.0 x 10(-3) S/cm at room temperature, and wide electrochemical stability windows of 0.0 to 4.5 V vs Li/Li(+). The ionic conductivity of the PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes depended on the physicochemical properties of the 1 M LiPF(6) electrolyte solution inside the pores, whereas their electrochemical properties were enhanced by the interaction between the PVdF chain and the aliphatic carbonate molecules. Thus, prototype cells with PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes showed a range of different charge/discharge properties according to the solvent composition of the 1 M LiPF(6) electrolyte solutions and the C-rate. In addition, the cycling performances depended on the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of the electrospun PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes. C1 Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Optoelect Mat Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. Univ Texas, Mat Sci & Engn Problem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. SKC Co Ltd, Cheonan 330836, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Energy Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jo, SM (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Optoelect Mat Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM smjo@kist.re.kr RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 30 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 8 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1021/cm060223+ PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 121KT UT WOS:000243157200015 ER PT J AU Rottach, DR Curro, JG Budzien, J Grest, GS Svaneborg, C Everaers, R AF Rottach, Dana R. Curro, John G. Budzien, Joanne Grest, Gary S. Svaneborg, Carsten Everaers, Ralf TI Molecular dynamics simulations of polymer networks undergoing sequential cross-linking and scission reactions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL STRESS RELAXATION; RUBBER ELASTICITY; PERMANENT SET; STRAIN; ELASTOMERS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; MODEL AB The effects of sequential cross-linking and scission of polymer networks formed in two states of strain are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Two-stage networks are studied in which a network formed in the unstrained state (stage 1) undergoes additional cross-linking in a uniaxially strained state (stage 2). The equilibrium stress is measured before and after removing some or all of the original (stage 1) cross-links. The results are interpreted in terms of a generalized independent network hypothesis. In networks where the first-stage cross-links are subsequently removed, a fraction (quantified by the stress transfer function Phi) of the second-stage cross-links contribute to the effective first-stage cross-link density. The stress transfer functions extracted from the MD simulations of the reacting networks are found to be in very good agreement with the predictions of Flory and Fricker. It was found that the fractional stress reduction upon removal of the first-stage cross-links could be accurately calculated from the slip tube model of Rubinstein and Panyukov modified to use the theoretical transfer functions of Fricker. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Phys Lab, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Rottach, DR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011; Everaers, Ralf/K-2228-2013; Rottach, Dana/E-8350-2010 OI Everaers, Ralf/0000-0002-6843-2753; Rottach, Dana/0000-0003-0459-5980 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1021/ma0621391 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 121KO UT WOS:000243156700019 ER PT J AU Ajami, NK Duan, QY Sorooshian, S AF Ajami, Newsha K. Duan, Qingyun Sorooshian, Soroosh TI An integrated hydrologic Bayesian multimodel combination framework: Confronting input, parameter, and model structural uncertainty in hydrologic prediction SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIABLE SELECTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CALIBRATION; ENSEMBLES; FILTER AB The conventional treatment of uncertainty in rainfall-runoff modeling primarily attributes uncertainty in the input-output representation of the model to uncertainty in the model parameters without explicitly addressing the input, output, and model structural uncertainties. This paper presents a new framework, the Integrated Bayesian Uncertainty Estimator (IBUNE), to account for the major uncertainties of hydrologic rainfall-runoff predictions explicitly. IBUNE distinguishes between the various sources of uncertainty including parameter, input, and model structural uncertainty. An input error model in the form of a Gaussian multiplier has been introduced within IBUNE. These multipliers are assumed to be drawn from an identical distribution with an unknown mean and variance which were estimated along with other hydrological model parameters by a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) scheme. IBUNE also includes the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) scheme which is employed to further improve the prediction skill and address model structural uncertainty using multiple model outputs. A series of case studies using three rainfall-runoff models to predict the streamflow in the Leaf River basin, Mississippi, are used to examine the necessity and usefulness of this technique. The results suggest that ignoring either input forcings error or model structural uncertainty will lead to unrealistic model simulations and incorrect uncertainty bounds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley Water Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92679 USA. RP Ajami, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley Water Ctr, 626 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM newshaajami@berkeley.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Ajami, newsha/C-9151-2017 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; Ajami, newsha/0000-0003-4421-3764 NR 49 TC 229 Z9 238 U1 7 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 AR W01403 DI 10.1029/2005WR004745 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 126RL UT WOS:000243532500001 ER PT J AU Sirbuly, DJ Tao, A Law, M Fan, R Yang, PD AF Sirbuly, Donald J. Tao, Andrea Law, Matt Fan, Rong Yang, Peidong TI Multifunctional nanowire evanescent wave optical sensors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH PHOTONICS INTEGRATION; FIBER AB A photonic sensing platform that utilizes the evanescent field of a subwavelength nanowire waveguide to perform optical spectroscopy on femtoliter probe volumes is demonstrated. Each evanescent sensor is capable of carrying out absorbance, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements on the same analyte while operating within a microfluidic flow cell (see figure). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p-yang@berkeley.edu RI Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 60 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200601995 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 127XL UT WOS:000243619500004 ER PT J AU Bae, IT Zhang, YW Weber, WJ Higuchi, M Giannuzzi, LA AF Bae, In-Tae Zhang, Yanwen Weber, William J. Higuchi, Mikio Giannuzzi, Lucille A. TI Electron-beam induced recrystallization in amorphous apatite SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED CRYSTALLINE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RADIATION; CA2ND8(SIO4)6O2; TRANSITION; GROWTH; ZIRCON; SI AB Electron beam induced recrystallization of irradiation-induced amorphous Sr2Nd8(SiO4)(6)O-2 is investigated in situ using transmission electron microscopy with 200 keV electrons at room temperature. Epitaxial recrystallization is observed from both the amorphous/crystalline interface and the surface, and the recrystallization is more pronounced with increasing electron-beam flux. Since the temperature increase induced by electron-beam irradiation is estimated to be less than 7 K and maximum energies transferred to target atoms are below the displacement energies, ionization-induced processes are considered to be the primary mechanisms for the solid-phase epitaxial recrystallization observed in the present study. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Bae, IT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM intae.bae@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 AR 021912 DI 10.1063/1.2430779 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JO UT WOS:000243582000024 ER PT J AU Tian, W Haeni, JH Schlom, DG Hutchinson, E Sheu, BL Rosario, MM Schiffer, P Liu, Y Zurbuchen, MA Pan, XQ AF Tian, W. Haeni, J. H. Schlom, D. G. Hutchinson, E. Sheu, B. L. Rosario, M. M. Schiffer, P. Liu, Y. Zurbuchen, M. A. Pan, X. Q. TI Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of the first five members of the layered Srn+1RunO3n+1 oxide series SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SRRUO3/SRTIO3 SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; RUTHENATE SR3RU2O7; SR2RUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Epitaxial thin films of the n=1-5 members of the layered Srn+1RunO3n+1 oxide series were produced by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm that these films are epitaxially oriented and nearly phase pure (>98%). The Sr2RuO4 (n=1) and Sr3Ru2O7 (n=2) samples show no ferromagnetic transition in the range from 5 to 300 K, while the Sr4Ru3O10 (n=3), Sr5Ru4O13 (n=4), and Sr6Ru5O16 (n=5) samples show ferromagnetic transitions at 85, 95, and 130 K, respectively. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schlom@ems.psu.edu RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 AR 022507 DI 10.1063/1.2430941 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JO UT WOS:000243582000049 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Bolton, PR Murphy, JB Zhong, XM AF Wu, Juhao Bolton, Paul R. Murphy, James B. Zhong, Xinming TI Free electron laser seeded by ir laser driven high-order harmonic generation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; AMPLIFICATION; RADIATION AB Coherent x-ray production by a seeded free electron laser (FEL) is important for next generation synchrotron light sources. The authors examine the feasibility and features of FEL emission seeded by a high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of an infrared laser. In addition to the intrinsic FEL chirp, the longitudinal profile and spectral bandwidth of the HHG seed are modified significantly by the FEL interaction well before saturation. This smears out the original attosecond pulselet structure. The authors introduce criteria for this smearing effect on the pulselet and the stretching effect on the entire pulse. They discuss the noise issue in such a seeded FEL. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Wu, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jhwu@slac.stanford.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 AR 021109 DI 10.1063/1.2431455 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 127JO UT WOS:000243582000009 ER PT J AU Dorogov, KY Yousufuddin, M Ho, NN Churakov, AV Kuzmina, LG Schultz, AJ Mason, SA Howard, JAK Lemenovskii, DA Bau, R Nikonov, GI AF Dorogov, Konstantin Yu. Yousufuddin, Muhammed Ho, Nam-Nhat Churakov, Andrei V. Kuzmina, Lyudmila G. Schultz, Arthur J. Mason, Sax A. Howard, Judith A. K. Lemenovskii, Dmitry A. Bau, Robert Nikonov, Georgii I. TI Syntheses and structures of asymmetric bis(silyl) niobocene hydrides SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SILYL; REACTIVITY; IRON; RUTHENIUM; CHEMISTRY; TANTALUM; TUNGSTEN AB This paper deals with the preparation and structural investigation of asymmetric bis(silyl) niobocene hydrides, Cp2Nb(SiHMe2)(H)(SiXMe2) (2; X = F (a), Cl (b), Br (c), I (d)) and Cp2Nb(SiXMe2)(H)(SiYMe2) (X,Y= F-I; X not equal Y). Complexes 2a-d were prepared by selective electrophilic activation of the Si-H bond in Cp2Nb(SiHMe2)(2)(H). The Cp2Nb(SiXMe2)(H)(SiYMe2) complexes were prepared by electrophilic activation of the Si-H bond in 2a-d and, in some cases, by electrophilic exchange of the X halides in Cp2Nb(SiXMe2)(2)(H) (1) for other halides, Y. The structures of complexes 2b and 2c have been studied by X-ray and neutron diffraction (ND). The ND results unequivocally established that the hydride ligand in 2c is shifted toward the SiBrMe2 ligand and that in 2b is positioned symmetrically between two nonequivalent silyl groups, with the H center dot center dot center dot SiClMe2 distance being shorter because of the shorter Nb-SiClMe2 bond length. Analysis of the X-ray structures of complexes 2a-d and complexes Cp2Nb(SiXMe2)(H)(SiYMe2) shows that the largest structural distortions are observed for the silyl groups substituted by heavy halogen atoms. These trends are rationalized in terms of stronger interligand hypervalent interactions (IHI) Nb-H center dot center dot center dot Si-X for heavy atoms X from Group 7. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RAS, Inst Gen & Inorgan Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Intens Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Brock Univ, Dept Chem, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. RP Bau, R (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM bau@almaak.usc.edu; gnikonov@brocku.ca RI mason, sax /E-6738-2011; Howard, Judith /H-7113-2012; Churakov, Andrei/N-9225-2015 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1021/ic061314b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 121KS UT WOS:000243157100020 PM 17198423 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Lancaster, T Schlueter, JA Blundell, SJ Brooks, ML Pratt, FL Nygren, CL Koo, HJ Dai, D Whangbo, MH AF Manson, J. L. Lancaster, T. Schlueter, J. A. Blundell, S. J. Brooks, M. L. Pratt, F. L. Nygren, C. L. Koo, H. -J. Dai, D. Whangbo, M. -H. TI Characterization of the crystal and magnetic structures of the mixed-anion coordination polymer Cu(HCO2)(NO3)(pyz) {pyz = pyrazine} by X-ray diffraction, ac magnetic susceptibility, dc magnetization, muon-spin relaxation, and spin dimer analysis SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSTRUCTURAL CORRELATIONS; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; MALONATE; COPPER(II); COMPLEXES; NETWORKS; LIGANDS; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS; CU(II) AB The mixed-anion coordination polymer Cu(HCO2)(NO3)(pyz) was synthesized, its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, and its magnetic structure was characterized by ac susceptibility, dc magnetization, muon-spin relaxation, and spin dimer analysis. The crystal structure consists of five-coordinate Cu2+ ions that are connected through syn-anti bridging mu-HCO2- and mu-pyz ligands to form a highly corrugated two-dimensional layered network. Bulk magnetic measurements show a broad maximum in chi(T) at 6.6 K. The HCO2- and pyz ligands mediate ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin exchange interactions between adjacent Cu2+ ions with the spin exchange parameters J/k(B) = 8.17 and -5.4 K, respectively (H = -J Sigma S-i center dot S-j). The muon-spin relaxation data show a transition to a long-range magnetic ordering below T-N = 3.66(3) K. For T < T-N, the M(H) and chi'(ac) measurements provide evidence for a field-induced spin-flop transition at 15.2 kOe. That Cu(HCO2)(NO3)(pyz) undergoes a long-range magnetic ordering is an unexpected result because the one-dimensional Cu(NO3)(2)(pyz) and three-dimensional Cu(HCO2)(2)(pyz) compounds display linear chain antiferromagnetism with no long-range magnetic ordering down to 2 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Muon Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 130701, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1021/ic061590q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 121KS UT WOS:000243157100027 PM 17198430 ER PT J AU Gourdon, O Gout, D Williams, DJ Proffen, T Hobbs, S Miller, GJ AF Gourdon, Olivier Gout, Delphine Williams, Darrick J. Proffen, Thomas Hobbs, Sara Miller, Gordon J. TI Atomic distributions in the gamma-brass structure of the Cu-Zn system: A structural and theoretical study SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE APPROXIMANTS; HUME-ROTHERY RULE; DECAGONAL APPROXIMANT; INTERGROWTH COMPOUNDS; ELECTRON COMPOUNDS; BAND CALCULATIONS; MG-ZN; PHASE; CU5ZN8; ALLOYS AB The crystal structures, atomic distributions, and theoretical electronic structures of five different Cu5-xZn8+x gamma-brass compounds (x = -0.59(3), -0.31(3), 0.00(3), 0.44(3), and 0.79(3)) are reported with the goal of identifying chemical influences on the observed phase width. These structures have been refined by both neutron and X-ray powder diffraction to obtain accurate crystal chemical parameters. All compounds crystallize in the space group I(4) over bar 3m (No. 217) (Z = 4), and the unit cell parameters are a = 8.8565(4), 8.8612(5), 8.8664(3) , 8.8745(4), and 8.8829(7) A, respectively, for Cu5.59Zn7.41, Cu5.31Zn7.69, Cu5.00Zn8.00, Cu4.56Zn8.44, and Cu4.21Zn8.79. The results indicate specific site substitutions on both sides of the ideal composition "Cu5Zn8". In all cases, the 26-atom cluster building up the gamma-brass structure shows a constant inner [Cu4Zn4] tetrahedral star with compositional variation occurring at the outer octahedron and cuboctahedron. First principles and semiempirical electronic structure calculations using both a COHP and Mulliken population analysis were performed to understand the observed compositional range and to address the "coloring problem" for the site preferences of Cu and Zn atoms for this series of compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gourdon, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gourdon@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1021/ic0616380 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 121KS UT WOS:000243157100031 PM 17198434 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Maya, L Van Berkel, GJ Moyer, BA AF Levitskaia, Tatiana G. Maya, Leon Van Berkel, Gary J. Moyer, Bruce A. TI Anion partitioning and ion-pairing behavior of anions in the extraction of cesium salts by 4,5 ''-bis(tert-octylbenzo)dibenzo-24-crown-8 in 1,2-dichloroethane SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL IONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHER; COMPLEX-FORMATION; POLY(OXYETHYLENE) DERIVATIVES; FUNDAMENTAL EQUILIBRIA; SOLVATION PROPERTIES; DISTRIBUTION RATIO; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; HOFMEISTER BIAS AB A systematic study of anion partitioning and ion pairing was performed for an extraction of individual cesium salts into 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) using 4,5 ''-bis(tert-octylbenzo)dibenzo-24-crown-8 as the cesium receptor. Equilibrium constants corresponding to the extraction of ion pairs and dissociated ions, formation of the 1:1 cesium/crown complex (confirmed by electrospray mass spectrometry), and dissociation of the ion pairs in water-saturated 1,2-DCE at 25 degrees C were obtained from equilibrium modeling using the SXLSQI program. The standard Gibbs energy of partitioning between water and water-saturated 1,2-DCE was determined for picrate, permanganate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, and acetate anions. The dissociation of the organic-phase complex ion pair [Cs(4,4 ''-bis(tert-octylbenzo)dibenzo-24-crown-8)](+)NO(3)(-) observed in the extraction experiments was shown to be consistent with the dissociation constant determined independently by conductance measurements. As attributed to the large effective radius of the complex cation, the evident anion discrimination due to ion pairing in the 1,2-DCE phase was relatively small, by comparison only a tenth of the discrimination exhibited by the anion partitioning. Only chloride and picrate exhibit evidence for significantly greater-than-expected ion-pairing tendency. These results provide insight into the inclusion properties of the clefts formed by opposing arene rings of the crown ether upon encapsulation of the Cs(+) ion, whose weak anion recognition likely reflects the preferential inclusion of 1,2-DCE molecules in the clefts. Observed anion extraction selectivity in this system, which may be ascribed predominantly to solvent-induced Hofmeister bias selectivity toward large charge-diffuse anions, was nearly the same whether cesium salts were extracted as dissociated ions or ion pairs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 85 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1021/ic061605k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 121KS UT WOS:000243157100032 PM 17198435 ER PT J AU Kassaee, MH Keffer, DJ Steele, WV AF Kassaee, Mohamad H. Keffer, David J. Steele, William V. TI A comparison between entropies of aromatic compounds from quantum mechanical calculations and experiment SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE ab initio; quantum mechanical computation; DFT; entropy; vibrational frequencies; benzene; toluene; xylene ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; XYLENE ISOMERIZATION; INTERNAL ROTATIONS; EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULES; BENZENE; DFT AB In this work, we perform a set of quantum mechanical and statistical mechanical calculations to generate the entropy of five simple, aromatic compounds-benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene-in the ideal gas state. We systematically examine how the choice of quantum mechanical level of theory and size of basis set impact the agreement between theory and experiment. Regardless of level of theory and basis set, all calculations require an empirical scaling factor to correct the vibrational contribution to the entropy. Once this scaling factor is applied, there is at most nominal advantage in more sophisticated levels of theory or increased basis set size, while a heavy computational penalty is paid for the more advanced theory. We find that the variation in scaling factor across these aromatic compounds is on average 0.3%. Across a range from 250 to 540 K, the difference in the entropies obtained from all quantum mechanical calculations and from experiment is less than half a percent. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keffer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dkeffer@utk.edu RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 802 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.09.007 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 128ZT UT WOS:000243698900005 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Williams, BS Qin, Q Lee, AWM Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Kumar, Sushil Williams, Benjamin S. Qin, Qi Lee, Alan W. M. Hu, Qing Reno, John L. TI Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HETERODYNE RECEIVER; MODE AB Single-mode surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantumcascade lasers operating around 2.9 THz are developed in metal-metal waveguides. A combination of techniques including precise control of phase of reflection at the facets, and use of metal on the sidewalls to eliminate higher-order lateral modes allow robust single-mode operation over a range of approximately 0.35 THz. Single-lobed far-field radiation pattern is obtained using a p phase-shift in center of the second-order Bragg grating. A grating device operating at 2.93 THz lased up to 149 K in pulsed mode and a temperature tuning of 19.7 GHz was observed from 5 K to 147 K. The same device lased up to 78 K in continuous-wave (cw) mode emitting more than 6 mW of cw power at 5 K. In general, maximum temperature of pulsed operation for grating devices was within a few Kelvin of that of multi-mode Fabry-Perot ridge lasers. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM qhu@mit.edu RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013; Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336; NR 24 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 6 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1364/OE.15.000113 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WC UT WOS:000244680400013 PM 19532227 ER PT J AU Fu, LF Browning, ND Ramadan, W Ogale, SB Kundaliya, DC Venkatesan, T AF Fu, L. F. Browning, N. D. Ramadan, W. Ogale, S. B. Kundaliya, D. C. Venkatesan, T. TI Interface and defect structures in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) and Nb : SrTiO(3) heterojunction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DISPERSIONS; DENSITY; LAYER AB YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) thin films grown on a Nb-doped SrTiO(3) substrate by a pulsed laser deposition method have been fully characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy Z- contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques. The Nb distribution was found to be uniform and unchanged across the interface, ensuring a high quality p - n junction heterointerface. We first observed the coexistence of 124 and 125 YBCO defect structure phases, appearing as planar defects in a YBCO thin film. Dispersive Y(2)O(3) nanoparticles have also been observed in the thin film. The interaction of these defect structures and Y(2)O(3) nanoparticles is thought to be beneficial for pinning flux through the entire film thickness. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fu, LF (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Pune, Maharashtra, India. EM lffu@lbl.gov RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/1/013 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121IC UT WOS:000243150300031 ER PT J AU Head-Gordon, T Rick, SW AF Head-Gordon, Teresa Rick, Steven W. TI Consequences of chain networks on thermodynamic, dielectric and structural properties for liquid water SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; BIOMOLECULAR SYSTEMS; MONTE-CARLO; FREE-ENERGY; AB-INITIO; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; MODELS AB A vast array of experimental data on water provides a global view of the liquid that implicates its tetrahedral hydrogen-bonding network as the unifying molecular connection to its observed structural, thermodynamic, and dielectric property trends with temperature. Recently the classification of water as a tetrahedral liquid has been challenged based on X-ray absorption (XAS) experiments on liquid water (Ph. Wernet et al., Science, 2004, 304, 995), which have been interpreted to show a hydrogen-bonding network that replaces tetrahedral structure with chains or large rings of water molecules. We examine the consequences of tetrahedral vs. chain networks using three different modified water models that exhibit a local hydrogen bonding environment of two hydrogen bonds (2HB) and therefore networks of chains. Using these very differently parameterized models we evaluate their bulk densities, enthalpies of vaporization, heat capacities, isothermal compressibilities, thermal expansion coefficients, and dielectric constants, over the temperature range of 235-323 K. We also evaluate the entropy of the 2HB models at room temperature and whether such models support an ice I(h) structure. All show poor agreement with experimentally measured thermodynamic and dielectric properties over the same temperature range, and behave similarly in most respects to normal liquids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1039/b614742a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 126GZ UT WOS:000243502100006 PM 17164889 ER PT J AU Onsager, TG Green, JC Reeves, GD Singer, HJ AF Onsager, T. G. Green, J. C. Reeves, G. D. Singer, H. J. TI Solar wind and magnetospheric conditions leading to the abrupt loss of outer radiation belt electrons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; 1997 MAGNETIC STORM; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ZONE ELECTRONS; LOCAL TIME; OCTOBER 9 AB The trapped radiation belt electron population is maintained through a competition between multiple source and loss processes occurring within the magnetosphere and driven by the solar wind. In this research we have concentrated on the solar wind and the magnetospheric conditions that lead to the loss of electrons through abrupt energetic electron flux dropouts. We have focused on times when there is only a moderate level of geomagnetic activity, since the magnetospheric response during these conditions is expected to be far less complex than during large geomagnetic storms. We have found that under certain circumstances the radiation belt electrons are remarkably sensitive to the onset of southward IMF and to solar wind dynamic pressure increases. The onset of southward IMF is found to be sufficient to cause the flux dropouts, while increases in solar wind pressure are not necessary but are likely to enhance the loss when they occur in conjunction with southward IMF, as is often the case. It is not clear if an increase in solar wind pressure in the absence of southward IMF is sufficient to cause a flux dropout. The radiation belt fluxes can decrease by more than an order of magnitude with the onset of only minor geomagnetic activity. The level of solar wind forcing (as estimated by the epsilon parameter) and of geomagnetic activity (as estimated by AE, Dst, and the local magnetic field inclination at geosynchronous orbit) responsible for the flux loss is intermediate between lower levels of activity that create localized, adiabatic variations in the flux and large geomagnetic storms that result in both loss and acceleration. The dropout events examined here occurred after one or more days of quiet geomagnetic conditions, which we suggest preconditioned the magnetosphere to be highly sensitive to the onset of new activity. Although it is not known which specific conditions within the magnetosphere lead to this extreme sensitivity of the relativistic electrons, the time periods identified here are ones where the electron loss processes appear to operate in relative isolation of the acceleration processes. C1 NOAA Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Onsager, TG (reprint author), NOAA Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM terry.onsager@noaa.gov RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A1 AR A01202 DI 10.1029/2006JA011708 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124FJ UT WOS:000243352700002 ER PT J AU Cai, MD Langford, SC Wu, MJ Huang, WM Xiong, G Droubay, TC Joly, AG Beck, KM Hess, WP Dickinson, JT AF Cai, Mingdong Langford, Stephen C. Wu, Mingjie Huang, Weimin Xiong, Gang Droubay, Timothy C. Joly, Alan G. Beck, Kenneth M. Hess, Wayne P. Dickinson, J. Thomas TI Study of martensitic phase transformation in a NiTiCu thin-film shape-memory alloy using photoelectron emission microscopy SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WORK FUNCTION; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; XPS CHARACTERIZATION; MEMS APPLICATIONS; METAL SURFACES; MORPHOLOGY; SUBSTRATE; ENERGY AB Thermally induced martensitic phase transformation in a polycrystalline NiTiCu thin-film shape-memory alloy is probed using photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). In situ PEEM images reveal distinct changes in microstructure and photoemission intensity at the phase-transition temperatures. In particular, images of the low-temperature, martensite phase are brighter than that of the high-temperature, austenite phase, because of the lower work function of the martensite. UV photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the effective work-function changes by about 0.16 eV during thermal cycling. In situ PEEM images also show that the network of trenches observed on the room-temperature film disappears suddenly during heating and reappears suddenly during subsequent cooling. These trenches are also characterized using atomic force microscopy at selected temperatures. The implications of these observations with respect to the spatial distribution of phases during thermal cycling in this thin-film shape-memory alloy are discussed. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cai, MD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jtd@wsu.edu RI NTU, S'gapore/F-4683-2012; Huang , Wei Min/A-3851-2011; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Huang , Wei Min/0000-0003-0338-4858; Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1002/adfm.200600611 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 127SG UT WOS:000243606000020 ER PT J AU Scholten, JC Culley, DE Brockman, FJ Wu, G Zhang, WW AF Scholten, Johannes C. Culley, David E. Brockman, Fred J. Wu, Gang Zhang, Weiwen TI Evolution of the syntrophic interaction between Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Methanosarcina barkeri: Involvement of an ancient horizontal gene transfer SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE syntrophy; gene transfer; Desulfovibrio vulgaris ID TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; BACTERIUM; SEQUENCE; OPERONS; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; ENERGETICS AB The sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris and the methanogenic archaea Methanosarcina barkeri can grow syntrophically on lactate. In this study, a set of three closely located genes, DVU2103, DVU2104, and DVU2108 of D. vulgaris, was found to be up-regulated 2- to 4-fold following the lifestyle shift from syntroph to sulfate reducer, moreover, none of the genes in this gene set were differentially regulated when comparing gene expression from various D. vulgaris pure culture experiments. Although exact function of this gene set is unknown, the results suggest that it may play roles related to the lifestyle change of D. vulgaris from syntroph to sulfate reducer. This hypothesis is further supported by phylogenomic analyses showing that homologies of this gene set were only narrowly present in several groups of bacteria, most of which are restricted to a syntrophic lifestyle, such as Pelobacter carbinolicus, Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, Syntrophomonas wolfei, and Syntrophus aciditrophicus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all three individual genes in the gene set tended to be clustered with their homologies from archaeal genera, and they were rooted on archaeal species in the phylogenetic trees, suggesting that they were horizontally transferred from archaeal methanogens. In addition, no significant bias in codon and amino acid usages was detected between these genes and the rest of the D. vulgaris genome, suggesting the gene transfer may have occurred early in the evolutionary history so that sufficient time has elapsed to allow an adaptation to the codon and amino acid usages of D. vulgaris. This report provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of bacterial genes linked to the lifestyle change of D. vulgaris from a syntrophic to a sulfate-reducing lifestyle. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Johannes.Scholten@pnl.gov; Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 352 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.164 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 120AV UT WOS:000243056700009 PM 17107661 ER PT J AU Gruverman, A Wu, D Rodriguez, BJ Kalinin, SV Habelitz, S AF Gruverman, A. Wu, D. Rodriguez, B. J. Kalinin, S. V. Habelitz, S. TI High-resolution imaging of proteins in human teeth by scanning probe microscopy SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE scanning probe microscopy; piezoelectricity; collagen; teeth; dentin; biological imaging ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; BONE; DENTIN; PIEZOELECTRICITY; NANOINDENTATION; ORGANIZATION; MATRIX; AFM AB High-resolution studies of dental tissues are of considerable interest for biomedical engineering and clinical applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to nanoscale imaging of internal structure of human teeth by monitoring the local mechanical response to an electrical bias applied via a conductive tip. It is shown that PFM is capable of detecting dissimilar components of dental tissues, namely, proteins and calcified matrix, which have resembling morphology but different piezoelectric properties. It is demonstrated that collagen fibrils revealed in chemically treated intertubular dentin exhibit high piezoelectric activity and can be visualized in PFM with spatial resolution of 10 nm. Evidence of the presence of protein inclusions of 100-200 nm wide and several micrometers long in tooth enamel has been obtained. Furthermore, it is found that the peritubular dentin and intertubular dentin exhibit different piezoelectric behavior suggesting different concentration of collagen fibrils. The obtained results demonstrate a high potential of PFM in providing an additional insight into the structure of dental tissues. It is suggested that the PFM approach can be used to study the structure of a wide range of biological materials by monitoring their electromechanical behavior at the nanoscale. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Gruverman, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alexei_gruverman@ncsu.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Wu, Dong/H-4987-2014; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 352 IS 1 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.182 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 120AV UT WOS:000243056700023 PM 17112467 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Measurement of the axial and radial temperature profiles of a chromatographic column - Influence of thermal insulation on column efficiency SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chromatographic column; temperature profiles; longitudinal and radial temperature gradients; mobile phase heat conductivity; C-18-bonded silica; mobile phase; methanol; water ID PRESSURE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VISCOUS HEAT DISSIPATION; PERFORMANCE; GRADIENTS; LIMITS AB The temperatures of the metal wall along a chromatographic column (longitudinal temperature gradients) and of the liquid phase across the outlet section of the column (radial temperature gradients) were measured at different flow rates with the same chromatographic column (250 mm x 4.6 mm). The column was packed with 5 mu m C-18-bonded silica particles. The measurements were carried out with surface and immersion thermocouples (all junction Type T, +/- 0.1 K) that measure the local temperature. The column was either left in a still-air bath (ambient temperature, T-ext = 295-296 K) or insulated in a packing foam to avoid air convection around its surface. The temperature profiles were measured at several values of the inlet pressure (similar or equal to 100 200, 300 and 350 bar) and with two mobile phases, pure methanol and a 2.5:97.5 (v/v, %) methanol:water solution. The experimental results show that the longitudinal temperature gradients never exceeded 8 K for a pressure drop of 350 bars. In the presence of the insulating foam, the longitudinal temperature gradients become quasi-linear and the column temperature increases by +1 and +3 K with a water-rich (heat conductivity similar or equal to 0.6 W/m/K) and pure methanol (heat conductivity similar or equal to 0.2 W/m/K), respectively. The radial temperature,gradients are maximum with methanol (+ 1.5 K at 290 bar inlet pressure) and minimum with water (+0.8 K at 290 bar), as predicted by the solution of the heat transfer balance in a chromatographic column. The profile remains parabolic all along the column. Combining the results of these measurements (determination of the boundary conditions on the wall, at column inlet and at column outlet) with calculations using a realistic model of heat dispersion in a porous medium, the temperature inside the column could be assessed for any radial and axial position. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 12 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 1138 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.095 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 126DQ UT WOS:000243492800017 PM 17141792 ER PT J AU Asnin, L Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G AF Asnin, Leonid Kaczmarski, Krzysztof Guiochon, Georges TI Empirical development of a binary adsorption isotherm based on the single-component isotherms in the framework of a two-site model SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE binary adsorption isotherm; enantiomer separation; chiral stationary phase; quinidine carbamate; 2,2,2-(trifluoro)-1-(9-anthryl)-ethanol ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL STATIONARY-PHASE; QUINIDINE-CARBAMATE; BAND PROFILES; ENANTIOMERS; COLUMN; 2,2,2-TRIFLUORO-1-(9-ANTHRYL)ETHANOL; BEHAVIOR; SOLUTE AB The adsorption behavior of mixtures of the enantiomers of 2,2,2-(trifluoro)-1-(9-anthryl)-ethanol (TEAE) on a quinidine carbamate bonded stationary phase was studied as an example of competitive binary adsorption on a Pirkle-type chiral adsorbent. A model of the adsorption isotherms is proposed and discussed. Binary adsorption isotherms derived by combination of the single-component isotherms of the two enantiomers in the framework of the classical bi-Langmuir model allow the correct prediction of the retention times of the elution bands of the components of binary mixtures but fail properly to predict the separation of the two enantiomers. Use of a quadratic model was needed to improve the agreement between calculated and experimental chromatograms of binary mixtures. The existence of a third type of adsorption sites besides the high-energy enantioselective and the low-energy nonselective sites was assumed. These sites have a low interaction energy, exhibit some affinity toward (S)-TFAE, but none toward (R)-TFAE. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Tech Chem, Perm 614990, Russia. Rzeszow Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu OI Asnin, Leonid/0000-0001-6309-6140 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 1138 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.090 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 126DQ UT WOS:000243492800018 PM 17126352 ER PT J AU Poutsma, ML AF Poutsma, Marvin L. TI Evaluation of the kinetic data for intramolecular 1,x-hydrogen shifts in alkyl radicals and structure/reactivity predictions from the carbocyclic model for the transition state SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOM-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; REACTIONS INVOLVING HYDROCARBONS; PRODUCT-FORMING PATHWAYS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; PENTYL RADICALS; RATE-CONSTANT; GAS-PHASE; MECHANISTIC CONSIDERATIONS AB [GRAPHICS] Experimental and computational kinetic data for the intramolecular 1,x-hydrogen shift in alkyl radicals are compiled in Arrhenius format for x = 2-5. Significant experimental disparity remains, especially for x = 2 and 3. Experimental data for radicals with tert centers or bearing spectator substituents are lacking for all x, and none exist for x = 6. The common use of the strain energy of the unsubstituted (x+1)-carbocycle to coarsely model the activation energy for the 1,x-shift is extended to explore more subtle differences in progressively methyl-substituted systems by use of molecular mechanics estimates of differences in strain between radicals and carbocycles. For x = 5 and 6, a sterically driven increase in E is predicted for shifts in the tert -> tert class that apparently runs counter to the behavior of bimolecular hydrogen transfers. In contrast, a sterically driven decrease in E is predicted to result from spectator methyl groups for the prim -> prim reaction class for all x. There is no experimental basis to test these predictions; fragmentary computational evidence lends some support to the second but is ambiguous concerning the first. Possible deficiencies in the use of carbocycles as transition state models are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Poutsma, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM poutsmaml@ornl.gov NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1021/jo061815e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 121KQ UT WOS:000243156900020 PM 17194094 ER PT J AU Bender, CM Ben-Naim, E AF Bender, Carl M. Ben-Naim, E. TI Nonlinear integral-equation formulation of orthogonal polynomials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article AB The nonlinear integral equation P(x) = integral(beta)(alpha) dy w(y) P(y) P(x + y) is investigated. It is shown that for a given function w(x) the equation admits an infinite set of polynomial solutions P(x). For polynomial solutions, this nonlinear integral equation reduces to a finite set of coupled linear algebraic equations for the coefficients of the polynomials. Interestingly, the set of polynomial solutions is orthogonal with respect to the measure xw(x). The nonlinear integral equation can be used to specify all orthogonal polynomials in a simple and compact way. This integral equation provides a natural vehicle for extending the theory of orthogonal polynomials into the complex domain. Generalizations of the integral equation are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP F9 EP F15 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/1/F02 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 146WQ UT WOS:000244965800002 ER PT J AU Cabanlit, M Maitland, D Wilson, T Simon, S Wun, T Gershwin, ME Van de Water, J AF Cabanlit, Maricel Maitland, Duncan Wilson, Thomas Simon, Scott Wun, Theodore Gershwin, M. Eric Van de Water, Judy TI Polyurethane shape-memory polymers demonstrate functional biocompatibility in vitro SO MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; NANOPHASE SEPARATION; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BLOOD; THERMOMECHANICS; NEUTROPHIL; PLATELETS; BEHAVIOR AB Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of polymeric materials used in various medical interventions such as vascular stents. In this work, two SMPs, thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS), have been measured in vitro for the degree of cellular and protein adhesion, their ability to stimulate inflammatory cytokine production, as well as the effects of the SMPs on the haemostatic system. The stimulatory properties of SMPs on neutrophils have also been directly addressed. Based on the studies of SMP biocompatibility as defined by inflammation, thrombogenesis, and the activation of both platelets and neutrophils, the TS and TP SMP materials are unlikely to stimulate an inflammatory response in vivo. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Hematol Oncol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van de Water, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM javandewater@ucdavis.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB000462] NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-5187 J9 MACROMOL BIOSCI JI Macromol. Biosci. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1002/mabi.200600177 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 133WN UT WOS:000244044700005 PM 17238230 ER PT J AU Liu, QY Navrotsky, A Jove-Colon, CF Bonhomme, F AF Liu, Qlngyuan Navrotsky, Alexandra Jove-Colon, Carlos F. Bonhomme, Francois TI Energetics of cancrinite: Effect of salt inclusion SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cancrinite; zeolite; enthalpy of formation; thermodynamics ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; NITRATE-CANCRINITE; SOIL MINERALS; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; DIRECTIONS; CHEMISTRY; SODALITE; PROGRESS AB With its large 12-membered ring channel structure and the periodic arrangement of its epsilon-cage, cancrinite can host molecular water and a variety of guest anions such as nitrate, carbonate, chloride, and hydroxide. A series of cancrinite samples containing varying amounts of nitrate, carbonate, and water were investigated using high temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry. The enthalpies of formation from constituent oxides and from elements at room temperature were obtained. The enthalpy of formation from oxides becomes less exothermic and the water content decreases with increasing salt inclusion (NaNO3 and Na2CO3). This indicates a destabilizing effect of salt hosting on the cancrinite structure. The negative correlation between the amounts of salt and water inclusion suggests competition between water molecules, guest anions and possibly Na cations for the occupancy of the cancrinite channel and cage sites. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.09.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 128YG UT WOS:000243695000030 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Newby, J Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X vanHecke, HW AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Jamel, A. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chi, C. Y. Chiba, J. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. d'Enterria, D. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fukao, Y. Fung, S. -Y. Gadrat, S. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gustafsson, H. -A . Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Hartouni, E. P. Harvey, M. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. He, X. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Katou, K. Kawabata, T. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lajoie, J. G. Le Bornec, Y. Lebedev, A. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Li, X. H. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Nakamura, T. Newby, J. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Penev, V. Peng, J. -C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qualls, J. M. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Sullivan, J. P. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Veszpremi, V. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. White, S. N. Willis, N. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Xie, W. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. vanHecke, H. W. TI Measurement of direct photon production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEADING ORDER; PHENIX; FRAGMENTATION; PREDICTIONS; QCD AB Cross sections for midrapidity production of direct photons in p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are reported for transverse momenta of 3 < p(T)< 16 GeV/c. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD (pQCD) describes the data well for p(T)> 5 GeV/c, where the uncertainties of the measurement and theory are comparable. We also report on the effect of requiring the photons to be isolated from parton jet energy. The observed fraction of isolated photons is well described by pQCD for p(T)> 7 GeV/c. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA, RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russell Res Ctr, IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, CNRS, Ecole Mines Nantes,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Afanasiev, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 26 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 012002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.012002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700013 PM 17358469 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Schafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE 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CA BaBar Collaboration TI Observation of a charmed baryon decaying to D(0)p at a mass near 2.94 GeV/c(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL AB A search for charmed baryons decaying to D(0)p reveals two states: the Lambda(c)(2880)(+) baryon and a previously unobserved state at a mass of [2939.8 +/- 1.3(stat)+/- 1.0(syst)] MeV/c(2) and with an intrinsic width of [17.5 +/- 5.2(stat)+/- 5.9(syst)] MeV. Consistent and significant signals are observed for the K-pi(+) and K-pi(+)pi(-)pi(+) decay modes of the D-0 in 287 fb(-1) annihilation data recorded by the BABAR detector at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. There is no evidence in the D(+)p spectrum of doubly charged partners. The mass and intrinsic width of the Lambda(c)(2880)(+) baryon and relative yield of the two baryons are also measured. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 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Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012 OI Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Cristinziani, Markus/0000-0003-3893-9171; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756 NR 10 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 012001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.012001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700012 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Gong, XG Wei, SH AF Chen, Shiyou Gong, X. G. Wei, Su-Huai TI Superhard pseudocubic BC2N superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HETERODIAMOND BC2N; CUBIC BC2N; DIAMOND; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; STRENGTH; SEARCH; PHASES AB It is currently under debate whether diamondlike BC2N may be harder than cubic BN (c-BN). Using the bond counting rule, we have performed an unconstrained search and identified a series of short period (111) superlattices that have much lower total energy than previously proposed structures. By examining the ideal strength of these pseudocubic boron-carbonitrides, we show that they are harder than c-BN. Our results are consistent with experimental findings, but in contrast with a recent theoretical study, which claimed that the BC2N is less hard than c-BN. C1 Fudan Univ, Surface Sci Lab Natl Key, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, SY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Surface Sci Lab Natl Key, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 015502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.015502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700029 PM 17358485 ER PT J AU Harel, E Hilty, C Koen, K McDonnell, EE Pines, A AF Harel, Elad Hilty, Christian Koen, Katherine McDonnell, Erin E. Pines, Alex TI Time-of-flight flow imaging of two-component flow inside a microfluidic chip SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-DETECTION NMR; GAS-FLOW; DEVICES; MICROCHANNELS AB Here we report on using NMR imaging and spectroscopy in conjunction with time-of-flight tracking to noninvasively tag and monitor nuclear spins as they flow through the channels of a microfluidic chip. Any species with resolvable chemical-shift signatures can be separately monitored in a single experiment, irrespective of the optical properties of the fluids, thereby eliminating the need for foreign tracers. This is demonstrated on a chip with a mixing geometry in which two fluids converge from separate channels, and is generally applicable to any microfluidic device through which fluid flows within the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pines@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Hilty, Christian/C-1892-2015 OI Hilty, Christian/0000-0003-2539-2568 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 017601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.017601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700050 PM 17358506 ER PT J AU Kancharla, SS Dagotto, E AF Kancharla, S. S. Dagotto, E. TI Correlated insulated phase suggests bond order between band and mott insulators in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We investigate the ground state phase diagram of the half-filled repulsive Hubbard model in two dimensions in the presence of a staggered potential Delta, the so-called ionic Hubbard model, using cluster dynamical mean-field theory. We find that for large Coulomb repulsion, U >Delta, the system is a Mott insulator (MI). For weak to intermediate values of Delta, on decreasing U, the Mott gap closes at a critical value U-c1(Delta) beyond which a correlated insulating phase with possible bond order is found. Further, this phase undergoes a first-order transition to a band insulator (BI) at U-c2(Delta) with a finite charge gap at the transition. For large Delta, there is a direct first-order transition from a MI to a BI with a single metallic point at the phase boundary. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kancharla, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 016402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.016402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700038 PM 17358494 ER PT J AU Lilach, Y Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP AF Lilach, Yigal Iedema, Martin J. Cowin, James P. TI Dissociation of water buried under ice on Pt(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; RU(0001); COADSORPTION; ADSORPTION; HYDRONIUM; FILMS; LAYER AB Water on Pt(111) is generally thought to be nondissociative. However, by adsorbing a thick ice film [> 150 monolayers (ML)], substantial (similar to 0.16 to 1 ML) dissociation of the "buried water" occurs for T > 151 K. New temperature-programmed desorption peaks signal the dissociation (after careful isothermal predesorption of the overlying ice films). The buried water likely dissociates via the elevated temperatures and/or solvation changes experienced under the ice. Dissociation charges the growing ice film (up to +9 V) due to trapping of similar to 0.007 ML H3O+ at the vacuum-ice interface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Lilach, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K8-88, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yigalli@yahoo.com; jp.cowin@pnl.gov RI Lilach, Yigal/D-4816-2009 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 016105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.016105 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700036 PM 17358492 ER PT J AU Oh, YS Kim, KH Sharma, PA Harrison, N Amitsuka, H Mydosh, JA AF Oh, Y. S. Kim, Kee Hoon Sharma, P. A. Harrison, N. Amitsuka, H. Mydosh, J. A. TI Interplay between fermi surface topology and ordering in URu2Si2 revealed through abrupt hall coefficient changes in strong magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICALITY; SYSTEM URU2SI2; HEAVY; TRANSPORT; STATES; METAL AB Temperature- and field-dependent measurements of the Hall effect of pure and 4% Rh-doped URu2Si2 reveal low density (0.03 hole/U) high mobility carriers to be unique to the "hidden order" phase and consistent with an itinerant density-wave order parameter. The Fermi surface undergoes a series of abrupt changes as the magnetic field is increased. When combined with existing de Haas-van Alphen data, the Hall data expose a strong interplay between the stability of the "hidden order," the degree of polarization of the Fermi liquid, and the Fermi surface topology. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, FPRD, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM khkim@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Oh, Yoon Seok/A-1071-2011; Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011; Amitsuka, Hiroshi/K-8539-2012; OI Oh, Yoon Seok/0000-0001-8233-1898; Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 016401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.016401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700037 PM 17358493 ER PT J AU Paul, ES Twin, PJ Evans, AO Pipidis, A Riley, MA Simpson, J Appelbe, DE Campbell, DB Choy, PTW Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Gorgen, A Joss, DT Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Nolan, PJ Ward, D Ragnarsson, I AF Paul, E. S. Twin, P. J. Evans, A. O. Pipidis, A. Riley, M. A. Simpson, J. Appelbe, D. E. Campbell, D. B. Choy, P. T. W. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. Fallon, P. Gorgen, A. Joss, D. T. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Nolan, P. J. Ward, D. Ragnarsson, I. TI Return of collective rotation in Er-157 and Er-158 at ultrahigh spin SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND TERMINATIONS; YRAST LEVELS; NUCLEI; EXCITATIONS; DISCONTINUITY; REGION; STATES AB A new frontier of discrete-line gamma-ray spectroscopy at ultrahigh spin has been opened in the rare-earth nuclei Er-157,Er-158. Four rotational structures, displaying high moments of inertia, have been identified, which extend up to spin similar to 65h and bypass the band-terminating states in these nuclei which occur at similar to 45h. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations suggest that these structures arise from well-deformed triaxial configurations that lie in a valley of favored shell energy which also includes the triaxial strongly deformed bands in Lu161-167. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Paul, ES (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.012501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700014 PM 17358470 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, D Harrington, JW Rice, PR Hiskett, PA Peterson, CG Hughes, RJ Lita, AE Nam, SW Nordholt, JE AF Rosenberg, Danna Harrington, Jim W. Rice, Patrick R. Hiskett, Philip A. Peterson, Charles G. Hughes, Richard J. Lita, Adriana E. Nam, Sae Woo Nordholt, Jane E. TI Long-distance decoy-state quantum key distribution in optical fiber SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGRAPHY AB The theoretical existence of photon-number-splitting attacks creates a security loophole for most quantum key distribution (QKD) demonstrations that use a highly attenuated laser source. Using ultralow-noise, high-efficiency transition-edge sensor photodetectors, we have implemented the first version of a decoy-state protocol that incorporates finite statistics without the use of Gaussian approximations in a one-way QKD system, enabling the creation of secure keys immune to photon-number-splitting attacks and highly resistant to Trojan horse attacks over 107 km of optical fiber. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 150 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 010503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700006 PM 17358462 ER PT J AU Ruegg, C McMorrow, DF Normand, B Ronnow, HM Sebastian, SE Fisher, IR Batista, CD Gvasaliya, SN Niedermayer, C Stahn, J AF Ruegg, Ch. McMorrow, D. F. Normand, B. Ronnow, H. M. Sebastian, S. E. Fisher, I. R. Batista, C. D. Gvasaliya, S. N. Niedermayer, Ch. Stahn, J. TI Multiple magnon modes and consequences for the Bose-Einstein condensed phase in BaCuSi(2)O(6) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION PLATEAUS; GROUND-STATE; SPIN; SRCU2(BO3)(2); TEMPERATURE; TLCUCL3; FIELD; GAP AB The compound BaCuSi(2)O(6) is a quantum magnet with antiferromagnetic dimers of S=1/2 moments on a quasi-2D square lattice. We have investigated its spin dynamics by inelastic neutron scattering experiments on single crystals with an energy resolution considerably higher than in an earlier study. We observe multiple magnon modes, indicating clearly the presence of magnetically inequivalent dimer sites. The more complex spin Hamiltonian revealed in our study leads to a distinct form of magnon Bose-Einstein condensate phase with a spatially modulated condensate amplitude. C1 UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ruegg, C (reprint author), UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, Dept Phys & Astron, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Normand, Bruce/L-5245-2013; Ruegg, Christian/A-3476-2012; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Ronnow, Henrik/A-4953-2009; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Ruegg, Christian/0000-0003-0139-7786; Ronnow, Henrik/0000-0002-8832-8865; NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 017202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.017202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700045 PM 17358501 ER PT J AU Huang, C Yu, QS Hsieh, FH Duan, YX AF Huang, Chun Yu, Qingsong Hsieh, Fu-hung Duan, Yixiang TI Bacterial deactivation using a low temperature argon atmospheric plasma brush with oxygen addition SO PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE argon; atmospheric pressure plasma; bacterial deactivation; oxygen; sterilization ID GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; OPTICAL-EMISSION; PRESSURE PLASMA; STERILIZATION; DECONTAMINATION; GAS AB This study investigated the bacterial deactivation effects of a low temperature atmospheric argon plasma brush with oxygen addition. Two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) seeded in various media were exposed to the oxygen enriched gas plasma and their survivability were thoroughly examined under various plasma conditions. It was found that the bacterial deactivation capability of the plasmas was highly dependent on the amount of oxygen addition and the type of supporting medium. With filter paper as the supporting medium, the addition of oxygen into the argon plasma system led to significant improvement in the bacterial killing efficacy, compared with an argon only plasma discharge. With oxygen addition, the plasma treatment time for a complete kill of the bacteria was 2 min for E. coli and 1 min for M. luteus. These are much shorter than the times required with argon only plasmas. When a nutrient broth or standard methods agar were used as the supporting medium, however, a longer plasma treatment time was necessary when using plasmas with the oxygen addition. The changes in bacterial cell structure after plasma exposure were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The change in plasma characteristics with oxygen addition was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. The possible mechanism for bacterial inactivation of the plasmas is also discussed here. C1 Univ Missouri, Ctr Surface Sci & Plasma Technol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yu, QS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Surface Sci & Plasma Technol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM yuq@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1612-8850 J9 PLASMA PROCESS POLYM JI Plasma Process. Polym. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1002/ppap.200600077 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Physics; Polymer Science GA 133YF UT WOS:000244049100010 ER PT J AU Soukoulis, CM Linden, S Wegener, M AF Soukoulis, Costas M. Linden, Stefan Wegener, Martin TI Negative refractive index at optical wavelengths SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAGNETIC RESPONSE; METAMATERIALS; PERMEABILITY; LIGHT AB Metamaterials are designed to have structures that provide optical properties not found in nature. If their capacity can be extended, new kinds of devices for imaging and control of light will be possible. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. Univ Crete, Iraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Univ Karlsruhe, Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukoulis@ameslab.gov RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 NR 24 TC 605 Z9 616 U1 11 U2 130 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5808 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1126/science.1136481 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 122WU UT WOS:000243259100023 PM 17204630 ER PT J AU Saito, S Gary, SP AF Saito, Shinji Gary, S. Peter TI All whistlers are not created equally: Scattering of strahl electrons in the solar wind via particle-in-cell simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; PITCH-ANGLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; WAVES; HALO; GENERATION AB Solar wind observations show that suprathermal electrons ( 70 eV less than or similar to Energy less than or similar to 1 keV) of the magnetic-field-aligned "strahl'' component have broader pitch-angle distributions than are predicted by adiabatic theories of solar wind expansion. Magnetosonic-whistler fluctuations propagating toward the Sun at k x B-o = 0 ( where B-o is the background magnetic field) have a strong cyclotron resonance with suprathermal electrons propagating in the anti-Solar direction along B-o. This resonance enables strong pitch-angle scattering; thus whistlers are a likely source of the observed strahl broadening. Particle-in-cell simulations in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma of electrons and protons are used to study the response of a strahl-like electron component to whistler fluctuation spectra. If the whistler anisotropy instability is excited via the initial application of T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to k > 1 to the electron core component, the resulting electron scattering leads to strahl pitch-angle distributions which decrease in width as electron energy increases. In contrast, if a power spectrum of whistler fluctuations proportional to k(-3) is initially applied to the simulations, the resulting electron scattering leads to strahl pitch-angle distributions which increase in width as electron energy increases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saito, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ssaito@lanl.gov; pgary@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01102 DI 10.1029/2006GL028173 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124ET UT WOS:000243351000005 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, S Terwilliger, TC Kuramitsu, S Moras, D Sussman, JL AF Yokoyama, Shigeyuki Terwilliger, Thomas C. Kuramitsu, Seiki Moras, Dino Sussman, Joel L. CA ISGO Executive Comm TI RIKEN aids international structural genomics efforts SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 RIKEN Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yokoyama, S (reprint author), RIKEN Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Yokoyama, Shigeyuki/0000-0003-3133-7338 NR 1 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7123 BP 21 EP 21 DI 10.1038/445021a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 122KG UT WOS:000243225100012 PM 17203040 ER PT J AU Blondin, JM Mezzacappa, A AF Blondin, John M. Mezzacappa, Anthony TI Pulsar spins from an instability in the accretion shock of supernovae SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BIRTH; EVOLUTION; STARS; STATE AB Rotation-powered radio pulsars are born with inferred initial rotation periods(1) of order 300 ms ( some as short as 20 ms) in core-collapse supernovae. In the traditional picture, this fast rotation is the result of conservation of angular momentum during the collapse of a rotating stellar core. This leads to the inevitable conclusion that pulsar spin is directly correlated with the rotation of the progenitor star(2). So far, however, stellar theory has not been able to explain the distribution of pulsar spins, suggesting that the birth rotation is either too slow(3) or too fast(2,4). Here we report a robust instability of the stalled accretion shock in core-collapse supernovae that is able to generate a strong rotational flow in the vicinity of the accreting proto-neutron star. Sufficient angular momentum is deposited on the proto-neutron star to generate a final spin period consistent with observations, even beginning with spherically symmetrical initial conditions. This provides a new mechanism for the generation of neutron star spin and weakens, if not breaks, the assumed correlation between the rotational periods of supernova progenitor cores and pulsar spin. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blondin, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM john_blondin@ncsu.edu RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 13 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7123 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1038/nature05428 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 122KG UT WOS:000243225100034 PM 17203055 ER PT J AU Shirokov, AM Vary, JP Mazur, AI Weber, TA AF Shirokov, A. M. Vary, J. P. Mazur, A. I. Weber, T. A. TI Realistic nuclear Hamiltonian: Ab exitu approach SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE inverse scattering NN interaction; no-core shell model; light nuclei ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI AB Fully-microscopic no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations of all stable s and p shell nuclei are used to determine a realistic NN interaction, JISP16, describing not only the two-nucleon data but the binding energies and spectra of nuclei with A <= 16 as well. The JISP16 interaction, providing rapid convergence of the NCSM calculations, is obtained in an ab exitu approach by phase-equivalent transformations of the JISP6 NN interaction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pacific Natl Univ, Khabarovsk 680035, Russia. RP Shirokov, AM (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM shirokov@nucl-th.sinp.msu.ru RI Shirokov, Andrey/D-7054-2012 NR 17 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 644 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.10.066 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 126XZ UT WOS:000243550200006 ER PT J AU Mayer, KM Shanklin, J AF Mayer, Kimberly M. Shanklin, John TI Identification of amino acid residues involved in substrate specificity of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases using a bioinformatics-guided approach SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER PROTEIN THIOESTERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUNCTIONALITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; ENZYMES; LIPIDS; MODEL AB Background: The large amount of available sequence information for the plant acyl-ACP thioesterases (TEs) made it possible to use a bioinformatics-guided approach to identify amino acid residues involved in substrate specificity. The Conserved Property Difference Locator (CPDL) program allowed the identification of putative specificity-determining residues that differ between the FatA and FatB TE classes. Six of the FatA residue differences identified by CPDL were incorporated into the FatB-like parent via site-directed mutagenesis and the effect of each on TE activity was determined. Variants were expressed in E. coli strain K27 that allows determination of enzyme activity by GCMS analysis of fatty acids released into the medium. Results: Substitutions at four of the positions (74, 86, 141, and 174) changed substrate specificity to varying degrees while changes at the remaining two positions, 110 and 221, essentially inactivated the thioesterase. The effects of substitutions at positions 74, 141, and 174 (3-MUT) or 74, 86, 141, 174 (4-MUT) were not additive with respect to specificity. Conclusion: Four of six putative specificity determining positions in plant TEs, identified with the use of CPDL, were validated experimentally; a novel colorimetric screen that discriminates between active and inactive TEs is also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mayerk@uncw.edu; shanklin@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 3 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150YD UT WOS:000245254600001 PM 17201914 ER PT J AU Didier, G Debomy, L Pupin, M Zhang, M Grossmann, A Devauchelle, C Laprevotte, I AF Didier, Gilles Debomy, Laurent Pupin, Maude Zhang, Ming Grossmann, Alexander Devauchelle, Claudine Laprevotte, Ivan TI Comparing sequences without using alignments: application to HIV/SIV subtyping SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MULTIPLE; HIV-1 AB Background: In general, the construction of trees is based on sequence alignments. This procedure, however, leads to loss of informationwhen parts of sequence alignments ( for instance ambiguous regions) are deleted before tree building. To overcome this difficulty, one of us previously introduced a new and rapid algorithm that calculates dissimilarity matrices between sequences without preliminary alignment. Results: In this paper, HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and SIV ( Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) sequence data are used to evaluate this method. The program produces tree topologies that are identical to those obtained by a combination of standard methods detailed in the HIV Sequence Compendium. Manual alignment editing is not necessary at any stage. Furthermore, only one user-specified parameter is needed for constructing trees. Conclusion: The extensive tests on HIV/SIV subtyping showed that the virus classifications produced by our method are in good agreement with our best taxonomic knowledge, even in non-coding LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) regions that are not tractable by regular alignment methods due to frequent duplications/insertions/deletions. Our method, however, is not limited to the HIV/SIV subtyping. It provides an alternative tree construction without a time-consuming aligning procedure. C1 Lab State Genom, UMR 8071, F-91034 Evry, France. Inst Math Luminy, UMR 6206, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. USTL, LIFL, Equipe Bioinfo, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Gottingen, Dept Bioinformat, Inst Microbiol & Genet, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Laprevotte, I (reprint author), Lab State Genom, UMR 8071, Tour Evry 2,523 Pl Terrasses, F-91034 Evry, France. EM didier@iml.univ-mrs.fr; debomy@freesurf.fr; Maude.Pupin@lifl.fr; mingzh@lanl.gov; grossman@genopole.cnrs.fr; devauchelle@genopole.cnrs.fr; laprevot@genopole.cnrs.fr RI Pupin, Maude/I-7437-2015 OI Pupin, Maude/0000-0003-3197-0715 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-8-1 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 125IC UT WOS:000243434600001 PM 17199892 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Kwak, JH Wang, Y Franz, JA White, JM Holladay, JE AF Zhao, Haibo Kwak, Ja Hun Wang, Yong Franz, James A. White, John M. Holladay, Johnathan E. TI Interactions between cellulose and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cellulose; N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; NMMO; hydrolysis; phase change; crystallization; XRD; NMR ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SPECTRA; WATER; IR AB Cellulose II structure was obtained when cellulose precipitated from NMMO/H2O/cellulose solution by adding excess water. The regenerated cellulose was three times more reactive than that of untreated cellulose in hydrolysis reactions. X-ray diffraction (XRD), C-13 Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy were used to investigate interactions between N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and cellulose. Cellulose NMMO solid mixtures were heated to various temperatures and cooled to room temperature. The presence of cellulose in cellulose NMMO solid mixture decreased the NMMO melting point by 80-110 degrees C and hampered NMMO recrystallizing during cooling process. NMMO crystal structure collapsed between 70 and 100 degrees C in cellulose NMMO mixture and became very mobile (liquid like form). Mobile NMMO molecules transformed crystalline cellulose into amorphous cellulose. When the cellulose NMMO mixture was heated to 150 degrees C, cellulose started to replace H2O molecules that hydrogen-bonded to NMMO. Our FTIR spectra results suggest that released H2O molecules exist as both adsorbed H2O molecules on cellulose and unbound H2O molecules that are physically confined in cellulose matrix. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.holladay@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.019 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 118SD UT WOS:000242961100012 ER PT J AU Nikanjam, M Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Shu, X Budinger, TF Forte, TM AF Nikanjam, Mina Blakely, Eleanor A. Bjornstad, Kathleen A. Shu, Xiao Budinger, Thomas F. Forte, Trudy M. TI Synthetic nano-low density lipoprotein as targeted drug delivery vehicle for glioblastoma multiforme SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE low density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein receptor; glioblastoma multiforme; lipid emulsion; peptide; nano-low density lipoprotein ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; CANCER-CELLS; LEUKEMIC-CELLS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ANTITUMOR COMPOUNDS; ALKYLATING AGENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR; LDL PATHWAY; FIBROBLASTS AB The low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor has been shown to be upregulated in GBM tumor cells and is therefore a potential molecular target for the delivery of therapeutic agents. A synthetic nano-LDL (nLDL) particle was developed and tested to determine its utility as a drug delivery vehicle targeted to GBM tumors. nLDL particles were constructed by combining a synthetic peptide containing a lipid binding motif and the LDL receptor (LDLR) binding domain of apolipoprotein B-100 with a lipid emulsion consisting of phosphatidyl choline, triolein, and cholesteryl oleate. Composition analysis, fast protein liquid chromatography, and electron microscopy revealed that nLDL was highly reproducible and intermediate in size between high density lipoprotein and LDL particles (10.5 +/- 2.8 nm diameter). The binding and Uptake of fluorescently labeled nLDL particles was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Uptake of nLDL was time dependent, exhibiting saturation at approximately 3 h, and concentration dependent, exhibiting saturation at concentrations greater than 5 mu M peptide. Using Lysotracker as a cellular marker, nLDL co-localized with lysosomes. nLDL binding was eliminated by blocking LDLRs with suramin and nLDL inhibited binding of plasma LDL to LDLRs. Collectively these data strongly suggest that the synthetic nano-LDLs described here are taken up by LDLR and can serve as a drug delivery vehicle for targeting GBM tumors via the LDLR. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Forte, TM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM tforte@chori.org NR 45 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 328 IS 1 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.046 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126CZ UT WOS:000243491100011 PM 16959446 ER PT J AU Peleshanko, S Anderson, KD Goodman, M Determan, MD Mallapragada, SK Tsukruk, VV AF Peleshanko, Sergiy Anderson, Kyle D. Goodman, Matthew Determan, Michael D. Mallapragada, Surya K. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Thermoresponsive reversible behavior of multistimuli pluronic-based pentablock copolymer at the air-water interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; AMPHIPHILIC MONODENDRONS; ASSOCIATION BEHAVIOR; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; TERMINAL GROUPS; MONOLAYERS; LANGMUIR; SURFACE; REORGANIZATION AB Surface behavior of the pH- and thermoresponsive amphiphilic ABCBA pentablock copolymer has been studied with respect to the environmental conditions. We demonstrate that the pentablock copolymer poly((diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-(ethylene oxide)-b-(propylene oxide)-b-(ethylene oxide)-b-(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)) possesses reversible temperature changes at the air-water interface in a narrow pH range of the water subphase. Significant diversity in the surface morphology of pentablock copolymer monolayers at different pH and temperatures observed were related to the corresponding reorganization of central and terminal blocks. Remarkable reversible variations of the surface pressure observed for the Langmuir monolayers at pH 7.4 in the course of heating and cooling between 27 and 50 degrees C is associated with conformational transformations of terminal blocks crossing the phase line in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperature point. The observed thermoresponsive surface behavior can be exploited for modeling of the corresponding behavior of pentablock copolymers adsorbed onto various biointerfaces for intracellular delivery for deeper understanding of stimuli-responsive transformations relevant to controlled drug and biomolecules release and retention. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mallapragada, SK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM suryakm@iastate.edu; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Mallapragada, Surya/F-9375-2012 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1021/la061547f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 120LQ UT WOS:000243086600006 PM 17190480 ER PT J AU Bunker, BC Huber, DL Kushmerick, JG Dunbar, T Kelly, M Matzke, C Cao, JG Jeppesen, JO Perkins, J Flood, AH Stoddart, JF AF Bunker, Bruce C. Huber, Dale L. Kushmerick, James G. Dunbar, Timothy Kelly, Michael Matzke, Carolyn Cao, Jianguo Jeppesen, Jan O. Perkins, Julie Flood, Amar H. Stoddart, J. Fraser TI Switching surface chemistry with supramolecular machines SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MACHINES; PSEUDOROTAXANES; LIQUIDS; DEVICES AB Tethered supramolecular machines represent a new class of active self-assembled monolayers in which molecular configurations can be reversibly programmed using electrochemical stimuli. We are using these machines to address the chemistry of substrate surfaces for integrated microfluidic systems. Interactions between the tethered tetracationic cyclophane host cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and dissolved pi-electron-rich guest molecules, such as tetrathiafulvalene, have been reversibly switched by oxidative electrochemistry. The results demonstrate that surface-bound supramolecular machines can be programmed to adsorb or release appropriately designed solution species for manipulating surface chemistry. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bunker, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bcbunke@sandia.gov; stoddart@chem.ucla.edu RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Stoddart, James /H-1518-2011; Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008; Flood, Amar/B-3863-2016 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469; NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1021/la0615793 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 120LQ UT WOS:000243086600007 PM 17190481 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Schuff, N Jahng, GH Bayne, W Mori, S Schad, L Mueller, S Du, AT Kramer, JH Yaffe, K Chui, H Jagust, WJ Miller, BL Weiner, MW AF Zhang, Y. Schuff, N. Jahng, G.-H. Bayne, W. Mori, S. Schad, L. Mueller, S. Du, A.-T. Kramer, J. H. Yaffe, K. Chui, H. Jagust, W. J. Miller, B. L. Weiner, M. W. TI Diffusion tensor imaging of cingulum fibers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-MATTER; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; MRI; DEMENTIA; HIPPOCAMPUS; PREDICT; AD; DEGENERATION; REDUCTION AB Background: Neuroimaging in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) generally shows medial temporal lobe atrophy and diminished glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate gyrus. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities also impact the cingulum fibers, which connect the medial temporal lobe and the posterior cingulate regions. Objective: To use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA), to test 1) if MCI and AD are associated with DTI abnormalities in the parahippocampal and posterior cingulate regions of the cingulum fibers; 2) if white matter abnormalities extend to the neocortical fiber connections in the corpus callosum (CC); 3) if DTI improves accuracy to separate AD and MCI from healthy aging vs structural MRI. Methods: DTI and structural MRI were preformed on 17 patients with AD, 17 with MCI, and 18 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Results: FA of the cingulum fibers was significantly reduced in MCI, and even more in AD. FA was also significantly reduced in the splenium of the CC in AD, but not in MCI. Adding DTI to hippocampal volume significantly improved the accuracy to separate MCI and AD from CN. Conclusion: Assessment of the cingulum fibers using diffusion tensor imaging may aid early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. C1 VA Med Ctr, MR Unit 114M, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. German Canc Res Inst, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, MR Unit 114M, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. EM Yu.Zhang@ucsf.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P50 AG23501, P01 AG012435, P50 AG023501, R01 AG010897, R01 AG10897] NR 39 TC 308 Z9 327 U1 9 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000250326.77323.01 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 122KA UT WOS:000243224000005 PM 17200485 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Kane, A Nettels, D Hertzog, DE Baumgartel, P Lengefeld, J Reichardt, G Horsley, DA Seckler, R Bakajin, O Schuler, B AF Hoffmann, Armin Kane, Avinash Nettels, Daniel Hertzog, David E. Baumgaertel, Peter Lengefeld, Jan Reichardt, Gerd Horsley, David A. Seckler, Robert Bakajin, Olgica Schuler, Benjamin TI Mapping protein collapse with single-molecule fluorescence and kinetic synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Gaussian chain; microfluidic mixing; protein folding; random coil; secondary structure ID COLD-SHOCK PROTEIN; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; HYDROGEN-BOND FORMATION; DENATURED PROTEINS; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DISTANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; STATE; NMR; DYNAMICS AB We have used the combination of single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer and kinetic synchrotron radiation circular dichroism experiments to probe the conformational ensemble of the collapsed unfolded state of the small cold shock protein CspTm under near-native conditions. This regime is physiologically most relevant but difficult to access experimentally, because the equilibrium signal in ensemble experiments is dominated by folded molecules. Here, we avoid this problem in two ways. One is the use of single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, which allows the separation of folded and unfolded subpopulations at equilibrium and provides information on long-range intramolecular distance distributions. From experiments with donor and acceptor chromophores placed at different positions within the chain, we find that the distance distributions in unfolded CspTm agree surprisingly well with a Gaussian chain not only at high concentrations of denaturant, where the polypeptide chain is expanded, but also at low denaturant concentrations, where the chain is collapsed. The second, complementary approach is synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy of collapsed unfolded molecules transiently populated with a microfluidic device that enables rapid mixing. The results indicate a beta-structure content of the collapsed unfolded state of approximate to 20% compared with the folded protein. This suggests that collapse can induce secondary structure in an unfolded state without interfering with long-range distance distributions characteristic of a random coil, which were previously found only for highly expanded unfolded proteins. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BioSecur & Nanosci Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Biochem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gessell Synchrotr, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Bakajin, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BioSecur & Nanosci Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bakajin1@llnl.gov; schuler@bioc.unizh.ch RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011 OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251 NR 65 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604353104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125QF UT WOS:000243456300021 PM 17185422 ER PT J AU Brodie, EL DeSantis, TZ Parker, JPM Zubietta, IX Piceno, YM Andersen, GL AF Brodie, Eoin L. DeSantis, Todd Z. Parker, Jordan P. Moberg Zubietta, Ingrid X. Piceno, Yvette M. Andersen, Gary L. TI Urban aerosols harbor diverse and dynamic bacterial populations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 165 rRNA; biosurveillance; aerobiology; microarray; climate change ID MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION TREES; SP NOV.; AERIAL DISPERSAL; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AFRICAN DUST; DNA; CAMPYLOBACTER; SPHINGOMONAS; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITIES AB Considering the importance of its potential implications for human health, agricultural productivity, and ecosystem stability, surprisingly little is known regarding the composition or dynamics of the atmosphere's microbial inhabitants. Using a custom high-density DNA microarray, we detected and monitored bacterial populations in two U.S. cities over 17 weeks. These urban aerosols contained at least 1,800 diverse bacterial types, a richness approaching that of some soil bacterial communities. We also reveal the consistent presence of bacterial families with pathogenic members including environmental relatives of select agents of bioterrorism significance. Finally, using multivariate regression techniques, we demonstrate that temporal and meteorological influences can be stronger factors than location in shaping the biological composition of the air we breathe. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM glandersen@lbl.gov RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 NR 45 TC 328 Z9 342 U1 11 U2 94 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1073/pnas.0608255104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125QF UT WOS:000243456300055 PM 17182744 ER PT S AU Jacobsen, JS Joyner, DC Borglin, SE Hazen, TC Arkin, AP Bethel, EW AF Jacobsen, Janet S. Joyner, Dominique C. Borglin, Sharon E. Hazen, Terry C. Arkin, Adam P. Bethel, E. Wes BE Banissi, E Burkhard, RA Grinstein, G Cvek, U Trutschl, M Stuart, L Wyeld, TG Andrienko, G Dykes, J Jern, M Groth, D Ursyn, A TI Visualization of growth curve data from phenotype microarray experiments SO 11th International Conference Information Visualization SE IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Information Visualization (IV 2007) CY JUL 04-06, 2007 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE desulfovibrio vulgaris; growth curve; phenotype microarray; space efficient color display; information visualization ID MICROBIAL-GROWTH; MODELS AB Phenotype microarrays provide a technology to simultaneously survey the response of an organism to nearly 2,000 substrates, including carbon, nitrogen and potassium sources; varying pH; varying salt concentrations; and antibiotics. In order to more quickly and easily view and compare the large number of growth curves produced by phenotype microarray experiments, we have developed software to produce and display color images, each of which corresponds to a set of 96 growth curves. Using color images to represent growth curves data has proven to be a valuable way to assess experiment quality, compare replicates, facilitate comparison of the responses of different organisms, and identify significant phenotypes. The color images are linked to traditional plots of growth versus time, as well as to information about the experiment, organism, and substrate. In order to share and view information and data project-wide, all information, plots, and data are accessible using only a Web browser. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jacobsen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-6037 BN 978-0-7695-2900-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF INF VI PY 2007 BP 535 EP 544 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGM52 UT WOS:000248485200079 ER PT S AU Gopalsami, N Osorio, I Kulikov, S Buyko, S Martynov, A Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N. Osorio, I. Kulikov, S. Buyko, S. Martynov, A. Raptis, A. C. BE Jarm, T Kramar, P Zupanic, A TI Development of Implantable SAW Probe for Epilepsy Prediction SO 11TH MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing (MEDICON 2007) CY JUN 26-30, 2007 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Int Federat Med & Biomed Engn DE Implantable; SAW; epilepsy; temperature sensor ID TEMPERATURE; SENSORS AB An implantable surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor has been developed for early detection and monitoring of seizures based on local temperature changes in the brain's epileptogenic zones that occur prior to and during an epileptic event. Three SAW sensors were designed and fabricated: a 172 MHz filter, a 434 MHz filter, and a 434 MHz delay line. Their temperature sensitivities were tested by measuring the phase change between the input and output waveforms as a function of temperature. We achieved a phase sensitivity of 144 phase degrees per degrees C and a minimum detectable temperature of 5 mK for the 434-MHz, 10.2-ps delay line. Based on the sensitivity tests, a prototype 434 MHz SAW sensor was fabricated to a size of 11 x 1 x 1.1 mm, which is commensurate with existing brain implantable probes. Because of possible damping of the surface waves by the surrounding tissue or fluid, a glass housing with dry air was built on the top of the SAW substrate. Test and reference sensors were used in the prototype system to minimize the effect of source instabilities and to amplify the temperature effect. The phase change between the output waveforms of the sensors was measured with phase detector electronics after they were converted to lower (10.7 MHz) frequencies by standard mixers. The complete prototype sensor was tested in a saline water bath and found to detect as low as 3 mK changes of temperature caused by the addition of hot water. Operation ability of the system in its wireless variant was demonstrated. C1 [Gopalsami, N.; Raptis, A. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Osorio, I.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Flint Hills Sci, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Kulikov, S.; Buyko, S.; Martynov, A.] Biofil Ltd, Sarov, Russia. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kulikovs@rol.ru FU Department of Energy (DOE) FX The authors wish to thank the Office of the Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) of the Department of Energy (DOE) for financial support. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-540-73043-9 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIN53 UT WOS:000261088900088 ER PT S AU Belkov, SA Kochemasov, GG Maslov, NV Bondarenko, SV Shakhova, NM Pavlycheva, IY Rubenchik, A Kasthuri, U Da Silva, LB AF Belkov, S. A. Kochemasov, G. G. Maslov, N. V. Bondarenko, S. V. Shakhova, N. M. Pavlycheva, I. Yu. Rubenchik, A. Kasthuri, U. Da Silva, L. B. BE Jarm, T Kramar, P Zupanic, A TI Scattered radiation spectrum analysis for the breast cancer diagnostics SO 11TH MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing (MEDICON 2007) CY JUN 26-30, 2007 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Int Federat Med & Biomed Engn DE breast cancer; spectrometry of scattered radiation AB Data analysis of the optical scattering spectra obtained in the clinical trials of the optical biopsy system is presented. The major types of spectra were revealed characterizing malignant and benign tumors. C1 [Belkov, S. A.; Kochemasov, G. G.; Maslov, N. V.; Bondarenko, S. V.] BioFil Ltd, Prospect Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhegorodsky R, Russia. [Shakhova, N. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Pavlycheva, I. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Reg Oncol Ctr, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Rubenchik, A.] LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. [Kasthuri, U.; Da Silva, L. B.] BioTelligent Inc, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kochemasov, GG (reprint author), BioFil Ltd, Prospect Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhegorodsky R, Russia. EM kochemasov@vniief.ru FU IPP (Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention); U.S. Department of Energy [LLNL-T2-0242-RU]; International Science and Technology Center [3075p] FX This work was partly supported by funding from IPP (Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention) Program of U.S. Department of Energy under the contract LLNL-T2-0242-RU and the Project #3075p of International Science and Technology Center NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-540-73043-9 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 856 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIN53 UT WOS:000261088900222 ER PT S AU Osorio, I Kochemasov, G Baranov, V Eroshenko, V Lyubynskaya, T Gopalsami, N AF Osorio, I. Kochemasov, G. Baranov, V. Eroshenko, V. Lyubynskaya, T. Gopalsami, N. BE Jarm, T Kramar, P Zupanic, A TI Implantable brain microcooler for the closed-loop system of epileptic seizure prevention SO 11TH MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing (MEDICON 2007) CY JUN 26-30, 2007 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Int Federat Med & Biomed Engn DE epilepsy; seizure blockage; closed-loop system; implant; brain microcooler AB A method of thermal suppression of abnormal brain activity observed in epileptic patients during preictal stage was considered for seizure blockage. The development of an implantable brain microcooler as a part of a closed-loop epileptic seizure prevention system is reported. An array of 7 needle-like probes of the diameter similar to 1 mm and length similar to 2 cm provides cooling of I cubic inch of brain tissue from similar to 37 degrees C to similar to 16 degrees C in similar to 30 sec. Convective method of heat exchange with tube in a tube design was adopted. Two coaxial steel tubes formed channels for the direct and reverse flows of precooled water. Theoretical studies and numerical modeling based on Pennes' equation were performed to investigate the process of brain tissue cooling. Experimental tests demonstrated good agreement with calculations. A closed cycle cooling system with a peristaltic pump and thermoelectric cooling device is being prepared for animal tests. As an additional option a single-probe microcooler of the probe length similar to 5 cm was developed, fabricated, and tested for cooling of deep brain areas such as hippocampus. C1 [Kochemasov, G.; Baranov, V.; Eroshenko, V.; Lyubynskaya, T.] BioFil, Phys Biol Lab, 37 Prospekt Mira, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. [Kochemasov, G.; Baranov, V.; Eroshenko, V.; Lyubynskaya, T.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr NIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. [Osorio, I.] Flint Hills Sci, Lawrence, KS USA. [Osorio, I.] Univ Kansas Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS USA. [Gopalsami, N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Lyubynskaya, T (reprint author), BioFil, Phys Biol Lab, 37 Prospekt Mira, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.; Lyubynskaya, T (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr NIIEF, Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. EM lyubyn@mail.ru FU IPP (Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention) Program of U.S. Department of Energy [ANL-T2-214A] FX This work was supported by funding from IPP (Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention) Program of U.S. Department of Energy under the contract ANL-T2-214A. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-540-73043-9 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 911 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIN53 UT WOS:000261088900236 ER PT B AU Panas, T Epperly, T Quinlan, D Saebjornsen, A Vuduc, R AF Panas, Thomas Epperly, Thomas Quinlan, Daniel Saebjornsen, Andreas Vuduc, Richard GP IEEE TI Communicating software architecture using a unified single-view visualization SO 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems-ICECCS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems CY JUL 11-14, 2007 CL Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP IEEE TC CCX, Univ Auckland, Royal Soc New Zealand Int Conf Fund, AOARD AB Software is among the most complex human artifacts, and visualization is widely acknowledged as important to understanding software. In this paper we consider the problem of understanding a software system's architecture through visualization. Whereas traditional visualizations use multiple stakeholder-specific views to present different kinds of task-specific information, we propose an additional visualization technique that unifies the presentation of various kinds of architecture-level information, thereby allowing a variety of stakeholders to quickly see and communicate current development, quality, and costs of a software system. For future empirical evaluation of multi-aspect, single-view architectural visualizations, we have implemented our idea in an existing visualization tool, Vizz3D. Our implementation includes techniques, such as the use of a city metaphor, that reduce visual complexity in order to support single-view visualizations of large-scale programs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Panas, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM panas@llnl.gov; epperly2@llnl.gov; dquinlan@llnl.gov; saebjornsen1@llnl.gov; richie@llnl.gov OI Vuduc, Richard/0000-0003-2178-138X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2895-3 J9 IEEE INT C ENG COMP PY 2007 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1109/ICECCS.2007.20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN26 UT WOS:000248574000022 ER PT S AU Anghel, DV Kuhn, T Galperin, YM Manninen, M AF Anghel, D. V. Kuehn, T. Galperin, Y. M. Manninen, M. BE Perrin, B Bonello, B Devos, A Duquesne, JY Rossignol, C TI The tensor of interaction of a two-level system with an arbitrary strain field SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHONON SCATTERING IN CONDENSED MATTER (PHONONS 2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 2004) CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Recherche Sci, Ctr Competence NanoSci, CEA, DGA, European Phys Soc, UFR, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Univ Bordeaux, GigaOptics, Coherent, Spectra Phys ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; GLASSES AB The interaction between two-level systems (TLS) and strain fields in a solid is contained in the diagonal matrix element of the interaction hamiltonian, delta, which, in general, has the expression delta = 2[gamma] : [S], with the tensor [gamma] describing the TLS "deformability" and [S] being the symmetric strain tensor. We construct [gamma] on very general grounds, by associating to the TLS two objects: a direction, (t) over cap, and a forth rank tensor of coupling constants, [[R]]. Based on the method of construction and on the invariance of the expression of delta with respect to the symmetry transformation of the solid, we conclude that [[R]] has the same structure as the tensor of stiffness constants, [[c]], from elasticity theory. In particular, if the solid is isotropic, [[R]] has only two independent parameters, which are the equivalent of the Lame constants. Employing this model we calculate the absorption and emission rates of phonons on TLSs and show that in isotropic solids, on average, the longitudinal phonons interact stronger with the TLSs than the transversal ones, as it is observed in experiments. We also show that in isotropic solids, a transversal wave leaves unperturbed all the TLSs with the direction contained in one of the two planes that are perpendicular either to the wave propagation direction or to the polarization direction and that a longitudinal strain applied to the solid polarises the TLS ensemble. C1 [Anghel, D. V.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, Dept Theoret Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Anghel, D. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Kuehn, T.; Manninen, M.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Nanosci Ctr, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Galperin, Y. M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Galperin, Y. M.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Oslo, Norway. [Galperin, Y. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Galperin, Y. M.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Anghel, DV (reprint author), Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, Dept Theoret Phys, Bucharest, Romania. OI Anghel, Dragos-Victor/0000-0003-4809-0482 FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NATO [EAP.RIG 982080] FX This work was partly supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science under the Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the NATO grant EAP.RIG 982080. DVA acknowledges the hospitality of the University of JyvAaskylAa, where part of this work has been done, and the techanical support from the Academy of Finland. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 92 AR 012133 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/92/1/012133 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BJG70 UT WOS:000265677100133 ER PT S AU Spagnolo, V Vitiello, MS Scamarcio, G Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Spagnolo, V. Vitiello, M. S. Scamarcio, G. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Hu, Q. Reno, J. L. BE Perrin, B Bonello, B Devos, A Duquesne, JY Rossignol, C TI Hot-phonon generation in THz quantum cascade lasers SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHONON SCATTERING IN CONDENSED MATTER (PHONONS 2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 2004) CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Recherche Sci, Ctr Competence NanoSci, CEA, DGA, European Phys Soc, UFR, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Univ Bordeaux, GigaOptics, Coherent, Spectra Phys ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES AB Observation of non-equilibrium optical phonons population associated with electron transport in THz quantum cascade lasers is reported. The phonon occupation number was measured by using a combination of micro-probe photoluminescence and Stokes/Anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Energy balance analysis allows us to estimate the phonon relaxation rate, that superlinearly increases with the electrical power in the range 1.5 W - 1.95 W, above laser threshold. This observation suggests the occurrence of stimulated emission of optical phonons. C1 [Spagnolo, V.; Vitiello, M. S.; Scamarcio, G.] Politecn Bari, INFM, Reg Lab LIT 3, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Res Lab Elect, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spagnolo, V (reprint author), Politecn Bari, INFM, Reg Lab LIT 3, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM spagnolo@fisica.uniba.it OI Spagnolo, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4867-8166 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 92 AR 012018 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/92/1/012018 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BJG70 UT WOS:000265677100018 ER PT S AU Carter, M Zhu, F Sarkar, SR Kaysen, GA Ramirez, L Heymsfield, S Handelman, G Levin, NW AF Carter, M. Zhu, F. Sarkar, S. R. Kaysen, G. A. Ramirez, L. Heymsfield, Sb. Handelman, G. Levin, N. W. BE Scharfetter, H Merwa, R TI Estimation of arm muscle mass in hemodialysis patients by segmental bioimpedance (SBIS) MRI and K-40 techniques SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE AND THE 8TH CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY 2007 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance/8th Conference on Electrical Impedance Tomography CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2007 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP Graz Univ Technol, IFMBE, XIRC, ISEBI DE segmental bioimpedance; potassium; MRI; skeletal muscle dialysis AB The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (SBIS) measurements of arm volume and muscle to 40K and MRI measurements. 31 hemodialysis (HD) patients (17 male and 14 female, weight, 55.7 +/- 4.5 kg, BNH 27.6 +/- 5.5 m3/kg) were studied pre HD. MW and partial body 40K of the arm (PBKArm) were measured. Arm bioimpedance was measured with the Hydra bioimpedance spectroscopic device (Xitron 4200). The length of the arm from wrist to ipsilateral shoulder was measured with soft tape. Arm extracellular (Re) and intracellular resistance (Ri) were obtained from a program based on Cole-Cole model provided by Xitron. Extracellular (ECVa) and Intracellular volumes (ICVa) in the arm were calculated. Arm fluid volume using SBIS was defined as VArm =ECVa+ ICVa. The correlation of the VArin and arm skeletal muscle (MSMRI) was R2=0.65 (MSMRI =0.89*Varm+0.15), that between PBKArm to VArm (R2 =0.53, VArm =2.34*PBKArm + 2.1) and to MSMRI (R2=0.36, MSNM=2.4* PBKArm + 7.6), respectively. This study shows that arm SBIS measurement provides an easy, portable, low-cost technique for estimation of muscle mass in the arm, which can be performed frequently. The technique of arm bioimpedance measurement used to estimate arm muscle also could be useful to estimate whole body muscle after appropriate calibration. This could be of value in nutritional studies in HD patients. C1 [Carter, M.; Zhu, F.; Sarkar, S. R.; Kaysen, G. A.; Handelman, G.; Levin, N. W.] Renal Res Inst, New York, NY 10085 USA. [Ramirez, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11973 USA. [Heymsfield, Sb.; Handelman, G.] St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Carter, M (reprint author), Renal Res Inst, New York, NY 10085 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-540-73840-4 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2007 VL 17 BP 787 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BHM14 UT WOS:000254221700200 ER PT B AU Narayanaswamy, G Balaji, P Feng, W AF Narayanaswamy, G. Balaji, P. Feng, W. TI An analysis of 10-Gigabit ethernet protocol stacks in multicore environments SO 15TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTERCONNECTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects CY AUG 22-24, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCMM ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB This paper analyzes the interactions between the protocol stack (TCP/IP or iWARP over 10-Gigabit. Ethernet) and its multicore environment. Specifically, for host-based protocols such as TCP/IP, we notice that a significant amount of processing is statically assigned to a single core, resulting in an imbalance of load on the different cores of the system and adversely impacting the performance of many applications. For host-offloaded protocols such as iWARP, on the other hand, the portions of the communication stack that are performed on the host, such as buffering of messages and memory copies, are closely tied with the associated process, and hence do not create such load imbalances. Thus, in this paper, we demonstrate that by intelligently mapping different processes of an application to specific cores, the imbalance created by the TCP/IP protocol stack can be largely countered and application performance significantly improved. At the same time, since the load is a better balanced in host-offloaded protocols such as iWARP, such mapping does not adversely affect their performance, thus keeping the mapping generic enough to be used with multiple protocol stacks. C1 [Narayanaswamy, G.; Feng, W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Balaji, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanaswamy, G (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cnganesh@cs.vt.edu; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; feng@cs.vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [0702182]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357]; Department of Computer Science at Virginia Tech FX This authors work is supported by the National Science Foundation Grant #0702182 and the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DEAC02-06CH11357. This authors work is supported by the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Tech. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2979-0 PY 2007 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1109/HOTI.2007.14 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BGP83 UT WOS:000249603400012 ER PT B AU Heroux, MA Willenbring, JM Phenow, MN AF Heroux, Michael A. Willenbring, James. M. Phenow, Michael N. BE DAmbra, P Guarracino, MR TI Improving the development process for CSE software SO 15TH EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing CY FEB 07-09, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY SP ICAR, Facolta Sci Mat Fis Nat, AMD, STMicroelectronics AB Scientific and engineering programming has been around since the beginning of computing, often being the driving force for new system development and innovation. At the same time a continual focus on new modeling capabilities, and some apparent cultural issues, find software processes for many computational science and engineering (CSE) software projects lacking. Certainly there are notable exceptions, but our experience has been that CSE software exceptions, but our experience has been that CSE software projects, although committed to writing high-quality software, have few if any formal software processes and tools in place, and are often unaware of formal software quality assurance (SQA) concepts. Presently, increasing complexity of applications and a broad push to certify computations are dictating, a higher standard for CSE software quality; it is no longer sufficient to claim to write high quality software. However, traditional software development models can be impractical for CSE projects to implement. Despite this, CSE software teams can benefit by implementing valuable SQA processes and tools. In this paper we outline some the processes and tools that are successfully used by the Trilinos Project. These tools and processes have been useful not only in increasing verifiable software quality, but also have improved overall software quality, and the development experience in general. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heroux, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM maherou@sandia.gov; jmwille@sandia.gov; mnpheno@sandia.gov FU ASC; LDRD FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the ASC and LDRD programs that funded development of Trilinos and recognize all of ourfellow Trilinos contributors. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2784-0 PY 2007 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/PDP.2007.51 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGB76 UT WOS:000245942700002 ER PT B AU Saumon, D Kowalski, PM Mazevet, S AF Saumon, D. Kowalski, P. M. Mazevet, S. BE Napiwotzki, R Burleigh, MR TI Extreme Lyman alpha broadening in cool DA and DC white dwarfs SO 15TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ Leicester, Leicester, ENGLAND HO Univ Leicester ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION MOMENTS; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; ATMOSPHERES; OPACITY; COLLISIONS; HYDROGEN AB We model the far red wing of the Lyman alpha line of hydrogen in the atmospheres of cool white dwarfs of pure hydrogen composition. We find that this absorption process dominates all other sources of opacity in the blue part of the optical spectrum. Our successful fit of the entire spectral energy distribution of the cool DA BPM 4729 shows that the far red wing of the Ly alpha line is the source of opacity that had been missing in the models. The observed sequence of cool white dwarfs in color-color diagrams is very well reproduced by our new pure hydrogen atmosphere models, suggesting that the atmospheric composition of the coolest DC white dwarfs must be revisited. C1 [Saumon, D.; Kowalski, P. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kowalski, Piotr/L-7411-2013 OI Kowalski, Piotr/0000-0001-6604-3458 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-239-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 372 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGV80 UT WOS:000250828100059 ER PT S AU Peng, W Ding, C Li, T Sun, T AF Peng, Wei Ding, Chris Li, Tao Sun, Tong TI Finding hotspots in document collection SO 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Patras, GREECE SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, Univ Patras, Wright State Univ, ATRC AB Given a document collection, it is often desirable to find the core subset of documents focusing on a specific topic. We propose a new algorithm for this task. Document clustering aims at partitioning the document-term datasets into different groups by optimizing certain objective functions. However, they are not suitable for finding hotspots that are described by a small set of documents with few tightly coupled terms. In this paper we propose a novel hotspot finding algorithm, DCC (Dense Concept Clustering) in document collections. DCC can extract distinct small topics with most representative documents and words simultaneously. The hotspots are dense bicliques in binary document-word matrices and they can be discovered sequentially one at a time using the generalized Motzkin-Straus formalism. The representative documents and words are tightly correlated for concept descriptions. Experiments on real document datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Peng, Wei; Li, Tao] Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Ding, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sun, Tong] Xerox Corp, Xerox Innovat Grp, Webster, NY 14580 USA. RP Peng, W (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM wpeng002@cs.fiu.edu; chqding@lbl.gov; taoli@cs.fiu.edu; Tong.Sun@xerox.com FU NSF CAREER Award [IIS-0546280]; Xerox UAC (University Affairs Committee); US Dept of Energy, Office of Science FX W. Peng and T. Li is partially supported by NSF CAREER Award IIS-0546280 and a Xerox UAC (University Affairs Committee) award. C. Ding is supported by the US Dept of Energy, Office of Science. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-3015-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2007 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2007.173 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHH41 UT WOS:000253292600047 ER PT S AU Tin, S Zhang, L Ofori, AP Miller, MK AF Tin, S. Zhang, L. Ofori, A. P. Miller, M. K. BE Long, S Pan, FH Kainer, KU Han, YF Ke, W Liu, B Zhang, XM Peng, CQ Zhao, XQ Feng, Q Lu, YF Zhang, PX Jiang, CB TI Atomic partitioning of platinum and ruthenium in advanced single crystal Ni-based superalloys SO 2006 BIMW: 2006 BEIJING INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS WEEK, PTS 1-4: MAGNESIUM SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Beijing International Materials Week CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Gen Res Inst Nonferrous Metals, Pulead Technol Ind Co Ltd, Shanshan Technol Grp, Chongqing Univ, China Magnesium Ctr, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Dev & Reform Commiss China, Minist Educ China, Minist Informat Ind China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Int Union Mat Res Soc DE single crystal; superalloy; partitioning; platinum; Ruthenium and atom probe ID PROBE; RHENIUM AB The elemental partitioning characteristics of advanced single crystal Ni-base superalloys containing additions of both Pt and Ru have been investigated using atom probe tomography. Detailed microanalysis revealed Ru additions partitioned preferentially to the disordered matrix, whereas Pt additions tended to partition to the ordered intermetallic gamma' precipitates. The partitioning characteristics of three nominally similar alloys with systematic variations in the levels of Cr, Ru and Pt were investigated. For this particular set of experimental alloys, minor changes in the partitioning characteristics of the constituent elements could be attributed to additions of Cr and Ru. The preferential site occupancy of Pt within the L1(2) lattice was also statistically quantified with ALCHEMI (atomic site location by channelling enhanced microanalysis). In contrast to the atomic partitioning characteristics of Ru, Pt exhibited a tendency to occupy the Ni sublattice sites in the gamma' structure. C1 [Tin, S.] IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Zhang, L.; Ofori, A. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tin, S (reprint author), IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Tin, Sammy/G-2869-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Center was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-432-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 546-549 BP 1187 EP + PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGD24 UT WOS:000246145502004 ER PT S AU Cai, C Zhang, J Lu, Y Hanisch Huhne, R Holzapfel, B AF Cai, C. Zhang, J. Lu, Y. Hanisch Huehne, R. Holzapfel, B. BE Long, S Pan, FH Kainer, KU Han, YF Ke, W Liu, B Zhang, XM Peng, CQ Zhao, XQ Feng, Q Lu, YF Zhang, PX Jiang, CB TI Artificial nano-scale precipitates for flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films and coated conductors SO 2006 BIMW: 2006 BEIJING INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS WEEK, PTS 1-4: MAGNESIUM SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Beijing International Materials Week CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Gen Res Inst Nonferrous Metals, Pulead Technol Ind Co Ltd, Shanshan Technol Grp, Chongqing Univ, China Magnesium Ctr, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Dev & Reform Commiss China, Minist Educ China, Minist Informat Ind China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Int Union Mat Res Soc DE thin film; precipitate; quasi-multilayer; flux pinning ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; CENTERS; ENHANCEMENT; GROWTH AB By controlling pulse number of laser ablation, we prepared a series of quasi-multi layers of YBa2Cu3O7-delta/M (M=incomplete oxide layer) namely 70x(40/n) (n = 2, 5, 10 and 20, pulse number of M) which were characterised with nano-scale precipitates. While the texture properties of Y123 inside qusi-multilayer hardly change, its T, appeared much different depending on the doping level of M. X-ray theta-2 theta scanning and pole figures indicated that the different growth-controlled precipitates occured inside Y123 films. In the case of M=YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia), nanosized perovskite precipitates of BaZrO3 formed as a result of solid state reaction of YSZ with Y123, leading to T-c obviously decreasing with increasing of n. In the case of M=Y2O3, however, T-c did not decrease so much at the studied range of n due to no solid state reaction mentioned above. Magneto-transport and field angular dependence showed that the critical current density in films with lower doping content (such as n = 2) was improved in large ranges of field and temperature, suggesting tailorable enhancement and anisotropy of flux pinning force. C1 [Cai, C.; Zhang, J.; Lu, Y.] Shanghai Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. [Hanisch] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huehne, R.; Holzapfel, B.] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Cai, C (reprint author), Shanghai Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. EM cbcai@staff.shu.edu.cn; bjczhang@staff.shu.edu.cn; ymlu@staff.shu.edu.cn; haenisch@lanl.gov; r.huehne@ifw-dresden.de; b.holzapfel@ifw-dresden.de RI Huhne, Ruben/E-5017-2011 FU Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [T0104]; Shanghai Pujian Program [5PJ14048] FX This work is partly sponsored by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. T0104) and Shanghai Pujian Program (No. 5PJ14048). NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-432-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 546-549 BP 1865 EP + PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGD24 UT WOS:000246145503005 ER PT S AU Zhao, Y Wu, YS Dou, SX Tajima, T Romanenko, OS AF Zhao, Y. Wu, Yisun Dou, S. X. Tajima, T. Romanenko, O. S. BE Long, S Pan, FH Kainer, KU Han, YF Ke, W Liu, B Zhang, XM Peng, CQ Zhao, XQ Feng, Q Lu, YF Zhang, PX Jiang, CB TI Deposition of MgB2 thin films on nb substrates using an in situ annealing PLD method SO 2006 BIMW: 2006 BEIJING INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS WEEK, PTS 1-4: MAGNESIUM SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Beijing International Materials Week CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Gen Res Inst Nonferrous Metals, Pulead Technol Ind Co Ltd, Shanshan Technol Grp, Chongqing Univ, China Magnesium Ctr, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Dev & Reform Commiss China, Minist Educ China, Minist Informat Ind China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Int Union Mat Res Soc DE MgB2 thin films; surface impedance; RF cavities ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; FIELD AB MgB2 thin films have been coated on Nb substrates without any buffer layers. An in situ pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method was used to prepare the coating. The interface between films and substrates has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface impedance has been measured for the MgB2 films on Nb substrates. The results were discussed with regard to the potential large scale applications in superconducting RF cavities. C1 [Zhao, Y.; Wu, Yisun; Dou, S. X.] Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconduct & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Tajima, T.] Los Almos Natl Lab, Los Almos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Romanenko, O. S.] Cornell Univ, LEPP, RF Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconduct & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM yue@uow.edu.au; tajima@lanl.gov; osr2@cornell.edu RI Dou, Shi Xue/D-5179-2012; Zhao, Yue/C-1739-2014 OI Dou, Shi Xue/0000-0003-3824-7693; Zhao, Yue/0000-0001-8925-9462 FU Australian Research Council [ARC DP0666853]; Department of Energy, USA FX The work is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC DP0666853) and the Department of Energy, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-432-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 546-549 BP 2027 EP + PN 1-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGD24 UT WOS:000246145503039 ER PT S AU Vianco, P Uribe, F Zender, G AF Vianco, P. Uribe, F. Zender, G. GP IEEE TI Pull strength evaluation of Sn-Pb solder joints made to Au-Pt-Pd conductor on low-temperature Co-fired ceramic SO 2007 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS: PROCESSES, PROPERTIES, AND INTERFACES SE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials-Processes, Properties, and Interfaces LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2007 CL San Jose, CA AB Cracking was observed in the side walls of gold (Au) filled vias in low-temperature, co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates. Further analysis indicated the likely source as the constituents of the glassy phase component of the gold-platinum-palladium (Au-Pt-Pd) thick film used for the conductor traces and pads. The successful approach toward mitigating the cracking phenomenon was to place a Au thick film layer between the Au-Pt-Pd layer and the LTCC substrate, which significantly curtailed the diffusion of glassy phase components into the latter. However, it was necessary to determine the effects of the additional thick film layer on the microstructure and overall mechanical strength of tin-lead (Sn-Pb) solder joints made to device pads. Acceptable pull strengths were measured in the range of 3.5 - 4.0 lbs. The solder joint pull strength was sensitive to the number of firing steps as defined by the thick film layer construction. Both the solder/thick film and thick fihn/LTCC interface strengths had roles in this trend, thereby affirming the synergism between material, interfaces, and the firing processes The pull strength was optimized when the pad length ratio, 4596:5742, was 1.0:0.5, which was characterized by a reduced occurrence of the thick film/LTCC failure mode. C1 [Vianco, P.; Uribe, F.; Zender, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5723 BN 978-1-4244-1337-9 J9 INT SYM ADV PKG MAT PY 2007 BP 104 EP 114 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHP85 UT WOS:000255196900019 ER PT B AU Gottschalk, E AF Gottschalk, Erik CA LHC FNAL Integration Task Force GP IEEE TI Remote operations for LHC and CMS SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE remote operations AB Commissioning the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its experiments will be a vital part of the worldwide high energy physics program beginning in 2007. A remote operations center has been built at Fermilab to contribute to commissioning and operations of the LHC and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, and to develop new capabilities for real-time data analysis and monitoring for LHC, CMS, and grid computing. Remote operations win also be essential to a future International Linear Collider with its multiple, internationally distributed control rooms. In this paper we present an overview of Fermilab's LHC@FNAL remote operations center for LHC and CMS, describe what led up to the development of the center, and describe noteworthy features of the center. C1 [Gottschalk, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gottschalk, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900008 ER PT B AU Maesbim, K AF Maesbim, Kaori CA CDF Collaboration GP IEEE TI CDF event monitoring system and operation SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE CDF; online monitoring; data quality monitoring; remote operations; run II AB The foundation of the CDF Run II online event monitoring framework was implemented well before the start of the physics runs, allowing development of a coherent monitoring software across all the subsystems, consequently making maintenance and operation simple and efficient. Only one shift person is needed to monitor the entire CDF detector, including the trigger system. High data quality is assured in real time and well defined monitoring results are propagated coherently to offline data sets used for physics analysis. We describe the CDF Run II online event monitoring system and operation, including the remote monitoring shift operation started in November 2006. C1 [Maesbim, Kaori] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Maesbim, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900010 ER PT B AU Dong, P Eusebi, R Schrupp, C Sfyrla, A Tesarekt, R Wauny, R AF Dong, Peter Eusebi, Ricardo Schrupp, Charlie Sfyrla, Anna Tesarekt, Rick Wauny, Rainer GP IEEE TI Beam condition monitoring with diamonds at CDF SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB Particle physics collider experiments at the high energy frontier are being performed today and in the next decade in increasingly harsh radiation environments. While designing detector systems adequate for these conditions represents a challenge in itself, their safe operation relies heavily on fast, radiation-hard beam condition monitoring (BCM) systems to protect these expensive devices from beam accidents. The talk win present such a BCM system based on polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (pCVD) diamond sensors designed for the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment operating at Fermilab's Tevatron proton-antiproton synchrotron. We report our operational experience with this system, which was commissioned in the spring of last year. The system currently represents the largest of its kind to be operated at a hadron collider. It is similar to designs being pursued by the next generation of hadron collider experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). C1 [Dong, Peter; Schrupp, Charlie; Wauny, Rainer] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Eusebi, Ricardo; Tesarekt, Rick] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sfyrla, Anna] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Dong, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. FU CDF-PPD department via the U.S. Department of Energy; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Toronto, Canada; University of Geneva, Switzerland FX This work was supported by the CDF-PPD department via the U.S. Department of Energy; the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of Toronto, Canada; and the University of Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900012 ER PT B AU Foulkes, S Rechenmacher, R AF Foulkes, Stephen Rechenmacher, Ron GP IEEE TI TRACE - A system wide diagnostic tool SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB TRACE is a system-wide diagnostic tool that allows one to gather timing information with a minimal impact on application(s) performance. TRACE supports a variety of architectures under Linux and VxWorks. This utility instruments code easily and is controllable through the /proc Me system. It has hooks to be built into a larger monitoring/alarming/debugging framework as well as supporting architecture-dependent features such as performance measurement counters or registers. C1 [Foulkes, Stephen; Rechenmacher, Ron] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Foulkes, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900015 ER PT B AU Bauer, G Boyer, V Branson, J Brett, A Cano, E Carboni, A Ciganek, M Cittolin, S Erhan, S Gigi, D Glege, F Gomez-Reino, R Gulmini, M Mlot, EG Gutleber, J Jacobs, C Kim, JC Klute, M Lipeles, E Pere, JAL Maron, G Meijers, F Meschi, E Moser, R Murray, S Oh, A Orsini, L Paus, C Petrucci, A Pieri, M Pollet, L Racz, A Sakulin, H Sani, M Schieferdecker, P Schwick, C Sumorok, K Suzukis, I Tsirigkas, D Varela, J AF Bauer, G. Boyer, V. Branson, J. Brett, A. Cano, E. Carboni, A. Ciganek, M. Cittolin, S. Erhan, S. Gigi, D. Glege, F. Gomez-Reino, R. Gulmini, M. Mlot, E. Gutierrez Gutleber, J. Jacobs, C. Kim, J. C. Klute, M. Lipeles, E. Perez, J. A. Lopez Maron, G. Meijers, F. Meschi, E. Moser, R. Murray, S. Oh, A. Orsini, L. Paus, C. Petrucci, A. Pieri, M. Pollet, L. Racz, A. Sakulin, H. Sani, M. Schieferdecker, P. Schwick, C. Sumorok, K. Suzukis, I. Tsirigkas, D. Varela, J. GP IEEE TI The terabit/s super-fragment builder and trigger throttling system for the compact Muon solenoid experiment at CERN SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; triggering; feedback systems AB The Data Acquisition System of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reads out event fragments of an average size of 2 kilobytes from around 650 detector front-ends at a rate of up to 100 kHz. The first stage of event-building is performed by the Super-Fragment Builder employing custom-built electronics and a Myrinet optical network It reduces the number of fragments by one order of magnitude, thereby greatly decreasing the requirements for the subsequent event-assembly stage. By providing fast feedback from any of the front-ends to the trigger, the Trigger Throttling System prevents buffer overflows in the front-end electronics due to variations in the size and rate of events or due to back-pressure from the down-stream event-building and processing. This paper reports on the recent successful integration of a scaled-down setup of the described system with the trigger and with front-ends of all major sub-detectors and discusses the ongoing commissioning of the fall-scale system. C1 [Bauer, G.; Klute, M.; Paus, C.; Sumorok, K.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Boyer, V.; Brett, A.; Cano, E.; Carboni, A.; Ciganek, M.; Cittolin, S.; Erhan, S.; Gigi, D.; Glege, F.; Gomez-Reino, R.; Gulmini, M.; Mlot, E. Gutierrez; Gutleber, J.; Jacobs, C.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Meijers, F.; Meschi, E.; Orsini, L.; Pollet, L.; Racz, A.; Sakulin, H.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schwick, C.; Tsirigkas, D.; Varela, J.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Branson, J.; Lipeles, E.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Erhan, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gulmini, M.; Maron, G.; Petrucci, A.] INFN, Lab Nazionali Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Kim, J. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, Kyungpook, South Korea. [Moser, R.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Murray, S.; Suzukis, I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Varela, J.] LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Bauer, G (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900019 ER PT B AU Beck, HP Abolins, M Battaglia, A Blair, R Bogaerts, A Bosman, M Ciobotaru, M Cranfield, R Crone, G Dawson, J Dobinson, R Dobson, M Dos Anjos, A Drake, G Ermoline, Y Ferrari, R Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Gorini, B Green, B Haberichter, W Haberli, C Hauser, R Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Joos, M Kieft, G Klous, S Korcyl, K Kordas, K Kugel, A Leahu, L Lehmann, G Martin, B Mapelli, L Meessen, C Meirosu, C Misiejuk, A Mornacchi, G Muller, M Nagasaka, Y Negri, A Pasqualucci, E Pauly, T Petersen, J Pope, B Schlereth, J Spiwoks, R Stancu, S Strong, J Sushkov, S Szymocha, T Tremblet, L Unel, G Vandelli, W Vermeulen, J Werner, P Wheeler-Ellis, S Wickens, F Wiedenmann, W Yu, MY Yasu, YS Zhang, JL Zobernig, H AF Beck, Hans Peter Abolins, Maris Battaglia, Andreas Blair, Robert Bogaerts, Andre Bosman, Martine Ciobotaru, Matei Cranfield, Robert Crone, Gordon Dawson, John Dobinson, Robert Dobson, Marc Dos Anjos, Andre Drake, Gary Ermoline, Yuri Ferrari, Roberto Ferrer, Maria Lorenza Francis, David Gadomski, Szymon Gameiro, Sonia Gorini, Benedetto Green, Barry Haberichter, William Haeberli, Christian Hauser, Reiner Hinkelbein, Christian Hughes-Jones, Richard Joos, Markus Kieft, Gerard Klous, Sander Korcyl, Krzystof Kordas, Konstantinos Kugel, Andreas Leahu, Lucian Lehmann, Giovanna Martin, Brian Mapelli, Livio Meessen, Christophe Meirosu, Catalin Misiejuk, Andrzej Mornacchi, Giuseppe Mueller, Matthias Nagasaka, Yasushi Negri, Andrea Pasqualucci, Enrico Pauly, Tbilo Petersen, Jorgen Pope, Bernard Schlereth, James Spiwoks, Ralf Stancu, Stefan Strong, John Sushkov, Sergey Szymocha, Tadeusz Tremblet, Louis Unel, Gokhan Vandelli, Wainer Vermeulen, Joseph Werner, Per Wheeler-Ellis, Sarah Wickens, Fred Wiedenmann, Werner Yu, Maoyuan Yasu, Yasushi Zhang, Jinlong Zobernig, Haimo GP IEEE TI Performance of the final event builder for the ATLAS experiment SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE high energy physics; LHC; ATLAS; TDAQ; event building AB Event data from proton-proton collisions at the LHC will be selected by the ATLAS experiment in a three level trigger system, which reduces the initial bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz at its first two trigger levels (LVL1+LVL2) to similar to 3 kHz. At this rate the Event-Builder collects the data from all Read-Out system PCs (ROSs) and provides fully assembled events to the the Event-Filter (EF), which is the third level trigger, to achieve a further rate reduction to similar to 200 Hz for permanent storage. The Event-Builder is based on a farm of O(100) PCs, interconnected via Gigabit Ethernet to O(150) ROSs. These PCs run Linux and multi-threaded software applications implemented in C++. All the ROSs and one third of the Event-Builder PCs are already installed and commissioned. We report on performance tests on this initial system, which show promising results to reach the final data throughput required for the ATLAS experiment. C1 [Beck, Hans Peter; Battaglia, Andreas; Gadomski, Szymon; Haeberli, Christian; Kordas, Konstantinos] Univ Bern, Lab High Energy Phys Dept, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Abolins, Maris; Ermoline, Yuri; Hauser, Reiner; Pope, Bernard] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Blair, Robert; Dawson, John; Drake, Gary; Haberichter, William; Schlereth, James; Zhang, Jinlong] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bogaerts, Andre; Dobinson, Robert; Dobson, Marc; Francis, David; Gameiro, Sonia; Gorini, Benedetto; Joos, Markus; Lehmann, Giovanna; Martin, Brian; Mapelli, Livio; Mornacchi, Giuseppe; Pauly, Tbilo; Petersen, Jorgen; Spiwoks, Ralf; Tremblet, Louis; Unel, Gokhan; Vandelli, Wainer; Werner, Per] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Bosman, Martine; Sushkov, Sergey] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Ciobotaru, Matei; Negri, Andrea; Stancu, Stefan; Wheeler-Ellis, Sarah] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Cranfield, Robert; Crone, Gordon] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dos Anjos, Andre; Wiedenmann, Werner; Zobernig, Haimo] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ferrari, Roberto] INFN, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Ferrer, Maria Lorenza] INFN Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Green, Barry; Misiejuk, Andrzej; Strong, John] Univ London, Dept Phys, Royal Holloway Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Hinkelbein, Christian; Kugel, Andreas; Mueller, Matthias; Yu, Maoyuan] Univ Mannheim, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany. [Hughes-Jones, Richard] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Kieft, Gerard; Klous, Sander; Vermeulen, Joseph] NIKHEF H, NL-1009 Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Korcyl, Krzystof; Szymocha, Tadeusz] PAS, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Leahu, Lucian; Meirosu, Catalin] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest 077125, Romania. [Meessen, Christophe] CPPM Marseille, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Nagasaka, Yasushi] Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7315193, Japan. [Pasqualucci, Enrico] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Pasqualucci, Enrico] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Wickens, Fred] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Yasu, Yasushi] High Energy Accelerator Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Beck, HP (reprint author), Univ Bern, Lab High Energy Phys Dept, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM Hans.Peter.Beck@cern.ch RI Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014 OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 106 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900020 ER PT B AU Bauer, G Boyer, V Branson, J Brett, A Can, E Carboni, A Ciganek, M Cittolin, S Erhan, S Gigi, D Glege, F Gomez-Reino, R Gulmini, M Mlot, EG Gutleber, J Jacobs, C Kim, JC Klute, M Lipeles, E Perez, JAL Maron, G Meijers, F Meschi, E Moser, R Murray, S Oh, A Orsini, L Paus, C Petrucci, A Pieri, M Pollet, L Racz, A Sakulin, H Sani, M Schieferdecker, P Schwick, C Sumorok, K Suzuki, L Tsirigkas, D Varela, J AF Bauer, G. Boyer, V. Branson, J. Brett, A. Cano, E. Carboni, A. Ciganek, M. Cittolin, S. Erhan, S. Gigi, D. Glege, F. Gomez-Reino, R. Gulmini, M. Mlot, E. Gutierrez Gutleber, J. Jacobs, C. Kim, J. C. Klute, M. Lipeles, E. Perez, J. A. Lopez Maron, G. Meijers, F. Meschi, E. Moser, R. Murray, S. Oh, A. Orsini, L. Paus, C. Petrucci, A. Pieri, M. Pollet, L. Racz, A. Sakulin, H. Sani, M. Schieferdecker, P. Schwick, C. Sumorok, K. Suzuki, L. Tsirigkas, D. Varela, J. GP IEEE TI Effects of adaptive wormhole routing in event builder networks SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS ID MYRINET AB The data acquisition system of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider features a two-stage event builder, which combines data from about 500 sources into full events at an aggregate throughput of 100 GByte/s. To meet the requirements, several architectures and interconnect technologies have been quantitatively evaluated. Both Gigabit Ethernet and Myrinet networks will be employed during the first run. Nearly full bi-section throughput can be obtained using a custom software driver for Myrinet based on barrel shifter traffic shaping. This paper discusses the use of Myrinet dual-port network interface cards supporting channel bonding to achieve virtual 5GBit/s links with adaptive routing to alleviate the throughput limitations associated with wormhole routing. Adaptive routing is not expected to be suitable for high-throughput event builder applications in high-energy physics. To corroborate this claim, results from the CMS event builder preseries installation at CERN are presented and the problems of wormhole routing networks are discussed. C1 [Bauer, G.; Klute, M.; Paus, C.; Sumorok, K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Boyer, V.; Brett, A.; Cano, E.; Carboni, A.; Ciganek, M.; Cittolin, S.; Erhan, S.; Gigi, D.; Glege, F.; Gomez-Reino, R.; Gulmini, M.; Mlot, E. Gutierrez; Gutleber, J.; Jacobs, C.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Meijers, F.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Orsini, L.; Pollet, L.; Racz, A.; Sakulin, H.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schwick, C.; Tsirigkas, D.; Varela, J.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Branson, J.; Lipeles, E.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Erhan, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Gulmini, M.; Maron, G.; Petrucci, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Kim, J. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, Kyungpook, South Korea. [Moser, R.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Murray, S.; Suzuki, L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Varela, J.] LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Bauer, G (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU DOE; NSF (USA); KRF (Korea); Marie Curie Program and Eva KUhn (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) FX We acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA), KRF (Korea), Marie Curie Program and Eva KUhn (Vienna University of Technology, Austria). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 120 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900022 ER PT B AU Bauer, G Boyer, V Branson, J Brett, A Cano, E Carboni, A Ciganek, M Cittolin, S Erhan, S Gigi, D Glege, F Gomez-Reino, R Gulmini, M Mlot, EG Gutleber, J Jacobs, C Kim, JC Klute, M Lipeles, E Perez, JAL Maron, G Meijers, F Meschi, E Moser, R Murray, S Oh, A Orsini, L Paus, C Petrucci, A Pieri, A Pollet, L Racz, A Sakulin, H Sani, M Schieferdecker, P Schwick, C Sumorok, K Suzuki, I Tsirigkas, D Varela, J AF Bauer, G. Boyer, V. Branson, J. Brett, A. Cano, E. Carboni, A. Ciganek, M. Cittolin, S. Erhan, S. Gigi, D. Glege, F. Gomez-Reino, R. Gulmini, M. Mlot, E. Gutierrez Gutleber, J. Jacobs, C. Kim, J. C. Klute, M. Lipeles, E. Perez, J. A. Lopez Maron, G. Meijers, F. Meschi, E. Moser, R. Murray, S. Oh, A. Orsini, L. Paus, C. Petrucci, A. Pieri, A. Pollet, L. Racz, A. Sakulin, H. Sani, M. Schieferdecker, P. Schwick, C. Sumorok, K. Suzuki, I. Tsirigkas, D. Varela, J. GP IEEE TI CMS DAQ event builder based on gigabit ethernet SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The CMS Data Acquisition System is designed to build and filter events originating from 476 detector data sources at a maximum trigger rate of 100 KHz. Different architectures and switch technologies have been evaluated to accomplish this purpose. Events will be built in two stages: the first stage will be a set of event builders called FED Builders. These will be based on Myrinet technology and will pre-assemble groups of about 8 data sources. The second stage will be a set of event builders called Readout Builders. These will perform the building of full events. A single Readout Builder will build events from 72 sources of 16 KB fragments at a rate of 12.5 KHz. In this paper we present the design of a Readout Builder based on TCP/IP over Gigabit Ethernet and the optimization that was required to achieve the design throughput. This optimization includes architecture of the Readout Builder, the setup of TCP/IP, and hardware selection. C1 [Bauer, G.; Klute, M.; Paus, C.; Sumorok, K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Boyer, V.; Brett, A.; Cano, E.; Carboni, A.; Ciganek, M.; Cittolin, S.; Erhan, S.; Gigi, D.; Glege, F.; Gomez-Reino, R.; Gulmini, M.; Mlot, E. Gutierrez; Gutleber, J.; Jacobs, C.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Meijers, F.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Orsini, L.; Pollet, L.; Racz, A.; Sakulin, H.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schwick, C.; Tsirigkas, D.; Varela, J.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Branson, J.; Lipeles, E.; Pieri, A.; Sani, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Erhan, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Gulmini, M.; Maron, G.; Petrucci, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Kim, J. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, Kyungpook, South Korea. [Moser, R.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Murray, S.; Suzuki, I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Varela, J.] LIP, P-1000109 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Bauer, G (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU DOE; NSF (USA); KRF (Korea); Marie Curie Program FX We acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA), KRF (Korea) and the Marie Curie Program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900023 ER PT B AU Poirot, PE Nogiec, J Ren, SP AF Poirot, Pierre-Etienne Nogiec, Jerzy Ren, Shangping GP IEEE TI A framework for constructing adaptive and reconfigurable systems SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB This paper presents a software approach to augmenting existing real-time systems with self-adaptation capabilities. In this approach, based on the control loop paradigm commonly used in industrial control, self-adaptation is decomposed into observing system events, inferring necessary changes based on a functional model, and activating appropriate adaptation procedures. The solution adopts an architectural decomposition that emphasizes independence and separation of concerns. It encapsulates observation, analysis and correction into separate modules to allow for easier customization of the adaptive behaviors and flexibility in selecting implementation technologies. C1 [Nogiec, Jerzy] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Poirot, Pierre-Etienne; Ren, Shangping] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Poirot, PE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900024 ER PT B AU Wu, JY AF Wu, Jinyuan GP IEEE TI Resource awareness FPGA design practices for reconfigurable computing: Principles and examples SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE FPGA firraware; FPGA computation; reconfigurable computing ID PIXEL TRIGGER AB Computation ability of an FPGA device is determined by three factors: clock frequency, number of logic elements available and efficiency of resource usage, i.e., amount of useful computing works done by unit number of logic elements per clock cycle. The increase of resource is primarily the result of technology progress while the efficient use of the resources is the responsibility of the users. In this document, a variety of examples of the FPGA application in the high-energy physics and accelerator instrumentation will be discussed with emphasis on resource awareness issues. For the FPGA/reconfigurable computing, rich experiences can be transplanted from microprocessor counterpart. While on the other hand FPGA specific issues should be dealt with differently. Several principles in both aspects will be summarized. Topics of this document include: (1) Recognizing FPGA and microcomputer resources, similarities and differences. (2) Flatten designs vs. sequential designs. (3) Principle of loop reduction. (4) Inexplicit computing and hidden resources. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900025 ER PT B AU Wu, JY Baumbaugh, A Drennan, C Thurman-Keup, R Lewis, J Shi, ZH AF Wu, Jinyuan Baumbaugh, Alan Drennan, Craig Thurman-Keup, Randy Lewis, Jonathan Shi, Zonghan GP IEEE TI Readout process & noise elimination firmware for the fermilab beam loss monitor system SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE digital data processing; embedded system; micro-processor; micro-sequencer; FPGA; reconfigurable; computing AB In the Fermilab Beam Loss Monitor System, inputs from ion chambers are integrated for a short period of time, digitized and processed to create the accelerator abort request signals. The accelerator power supplies employing 3-phase 60Hz AC cause noise at various harmonics on our inputs which must he eliminated for monitoring purposes. During accelerator ramping, both the sampling frequency and the amplitudes of the noise components change. As such, traditional digital filtering can partially reduce certain noise components but not all. A non-traditional algorithm was developed in our work to eliminate remaining ripples. The sequencing in the FPGA firmware is conducted by a micro-sequencer core we developed: the Enclosed Loop Micro-Sequencer (ELMS). The unique feature of the ELMS is that it supports the "FOR" loops with pre-defined iterations at the machine code level, which provides programming convenience and avoids many micro-complexities from the beginning. C1 [Wu, Jinyuan; Baumbaugh, Alan; Drennan, Craig; Thurman-Keup, Randy; Lewis, Jonathan; Shi, Zonghan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900029 ER PT B AU Prosser, A Cardoso, G Chranlowicz, J Marriner, J Rivera, R Turqueti, M AF Prosser, Alan Cardoso, Guilherme Chranlowicz, John Marriner, John Rivera, Ryan Turqueti, Marcos GP IEEE TI Data acquisition, storage and control architecture for the SuperNova acceleration probe SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; data compression; distributed memories; space vehicle electronics AB The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) instrument is being designed to collect image and spectroscopic data for the study of dark energy in the universe. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for the data acquisition system which interfaces to visible light and infrared imaging detectors. The architecture includes the use of NAND flash memory for the storage of exposures in a file system. Also described is an FPGA-based lossless data compression algorithm with a configurable pre-scaler based on a novel square root data compression method to improve compression performance. The required interactions of the distributed elements with an instrument control unit will be described as well. C1 [Prosser, Alan; Cardoso, Guilherme; Chranlowicz, John; Marriner, John; Rivera, Ryan; Turqueti, Marcos] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cardoso, Guilherme] Aguila Technol, San Marcos, TX 92069 USA. RP Prosser, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM aprosser@fnal.gov; bcardoso@aguilatech.com; chramowicz@fnal.gov; marriner@fnal.gov; rrivera@fnal.gov; turqueti@fnal.gov FU Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory operated by Fermi Research Alliance; LLC with the United State Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH1 1359] FX This work was supported by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH1 1359 with the United State Department of Energy. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 175 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900032 ER PT B AU Dobbs, M Bissonnette, E Spieler, H AF Dobbs, Matt Bissonnette, Eric Spieler, Hellnuth GP IEEE TI Digital frequency domain multiplexer for mm-wavelength telescopes SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE digital signal processing; field programmable gate arrays; frequency division multiplexing; millimeter wave astronomy; real time systems; SQUIDs ID ARRAYS AB An FPGA based digital signal processing (DSP) system for biasing and reading out multiplexed bolometric detectors for mm-wavelength telescopes is presented. This readout system is being deployed for balloon-borne and ground based cosmology experiments with the primary goal of measuring the signature of inflation with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. The system consists of analog superconducting electronics running at 250mK and 4K, coupled to digital room temperature backend electronics described here. The digital electronics perform the real time functionality with DSP algorithms implemented in firmware. A soft embedded processor provides all of the slow housekeeping control and communications. Each board in the system synthesizes multi-frequency combs of 8 to 32 carriers in the MHz band to bias the detectors. After the carriers have been modulated with the sky-signal by the detectors, the same boards digitize the comb directly. The carriers are mixed down to base-band and low pass filtered. The signal bandwidth of 0.050 Hz-100 Hz places extreme requirements on stability and requires powerful filtering techniques to recover the sky-signal from the MHz carriers. C1 [Dobbs, Matt; Bissonnette, Eric] McGill Univ, Rutherford Phys Bldg,3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Spieler, Hellnuth] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dobbs, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Rutherford Phys Bldg,3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM Matt.Dobbs@McGill.ca; Bissonnette@Astro.UMontreal.ca; HGSpieler@LBL.gov FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported in part by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Xilinx University Programs Canada for in-kind hardware contributions. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 181 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900033 ER PT B AU Thayer, JG AF Thayer, John Gregg GP IEEE TI High reliability system design experience with the gamma ray large area space telescope SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) is the primary instrument on the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), a space based observatory which is scheduled to launch late this year. The LAT traces its heritage from the particle physics community and represents a large departure in design and capability from previous space based experiments. Similarly, power, communication, and physical access limitations of a space based platform place strict requirements on the design and reliability of both the LAT and its Trigger and Datallow (T&DF) system. The resulting T&DF system consists of a hierarchical trigger with both Level 0 and Level 3 components, distributed event processing, and slow control. We describe our experiences developing and testing the T&DF system in the context of a space mission, and we report the performance and status of the system as GLAST approaches launch. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thayer, JG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 201 EP 202 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900037 ER PT B AU Junnarkar, SS Fried, J Southekal, S Pratte, JF O'Connor, P Radeka, V Vaska, P Purschke, M Tomasi, D Woody, C Fontaine, R AF Junnarkar, Sachin S. Fried, Jack Southekal, Sudeepti Pratte, Jean-Francois O'Connor, Paul Radeka, Veljko Vaska, Paul Purschke, Martin Tomasi, Dardo Woody, Craig Fontaine, Rejean GP IEEE TI Next generation of real time data acquisition, calibration and control system for the RatCAP scanner SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS ID PET AB The RatCAP (Rat Conscious Animal PET) is a miniature positron emission tomography scanner intended for neurological and behavioral study of small awake animal. The RatCAP system comprises of three distinct modules: a rigid-flex technology based Printed Circuit Board (PCB) which houses the detector components and front end Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Time to Digital Converter and Signal Processing module (TSPM) which receives and processes ASIC signals and transmits processed data over two Giga bit fiber optic links to, finally, a PCI based data acquisition and control PCB (PACRAT). TSPM-3 is redesigned from previous versions to accommodate second generation front end ASIC and possible future two scanner expansions. ASIC's programmable features are exploited using new additional TSPM electronics for scanner calibration and test. Designs of these three modules and corresponding firmware and software upgrades are complete. Results from a fully integrated next generation RatCAP on the bench are presented. C1 [Junnarkar, Sachin S.; Fried, Jack; Southekal, Sudeepti; Pratte, Jean-Francois; O'Connor, Paul; Radeka, Veljko; Vaska, Paul; Purschke, Martin; Tomasi, Dardo; Woody, Craig] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fontaine, Rejean] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Junnarkar, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sachin@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported under a Grant from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 214 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900040 ER PT B AU Garcia-Bellido, A Bose, T Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Cutts, D Fuess, S Gadfort, T Haas, A Lee, W Rechenmacher, R Snyder, S Watts, G Xie, YH AF Garcia-Bellido, Aran Bose, Tulika Brooijmans, Gustaaf Chapin, Doug Cutts, David Fuess, Stuart Gadfort, Thomas Haas, Andrew Lee, William Rechenmacher, Ron Snyder, Scott Watts, Gordon Xie, Yunhe GP IEEE TI The DZERO level 3 DAQ system: Operation and upgrades SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The DO Level 3 data acquisition system for Run H of the Tevatron has been reliably operating since May 2002. Designed to handle average event sizes of 250 kilobytes at a rate of 1 kHz, the system has been upgraded to be able to process more events, doubling its typical output rate from 50 Rz to 100 Hz, while coping with higher event sizes at the beginning of high luminosity collider stores. The system routes and transfers event fragments from 63 VME crates to any of approximately 320 processing nodes. The addition of more farm nodes, the performance of the components, and the running experience are described here. C1 [Garcia-Bellido, Aran; Gadfort, Thomas; Watts, Gordon] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bose, Tulika; Chapin, Doug; Cutts, David; Xie, Yunhe] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brooijmans, Gustaaf; Haas, Andrew] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fuess, Stuart; Lee, William; Rechenmacher, Ron] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Snyder, Scott] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Garcia-Bellido, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU The L3 farm of computers is maintained by the D0 Online Group; Fermilab Computing Division FX The L3 farm of computers is maintained by the D0 Online Group and the Fermilab Computing Division: they do an extraordinary job from installation to repairs. The authors wish to acknowledge their dedication and support, and thank them for their contribution to the high efficiency of data taking at D0. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 256 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900048 ER PT B AU Stone, AL AF Stone, Alan L. CA CMS FNAL ROC Grp GP IEEE TI CMS remote monitoring at Fermilab SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE CMS; remote operations; web-based monitoring; tracker; trigger; event display AB The recent activities for remote monitoring operations at Fermilab are described. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is in the commissioning stages of the data acquisition, trigger, sub-detector and data transfer systems, and it is vital that a coherent and effective monitoring system be developed for the experts as well as local and remote shift crews. The experiences and contributions of the Fermilab participation in the first CMS global data taking with vertical slices of several sub-detectors using cosmic rays during the Magnet Test and Cosmic Challenge are presented. The involvement from Fermilab in the Hadronic Calorimeter Test Beam and the Tracker Slice Test operations and monitoring are detailed. Also discussed are some general monitoring tools being developed at Fermilab such as Web-Based Monitoring and the Screen Snapshot Service. C1 [Stone, Alan L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Stone, AL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 292 EP 296 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900055 ER PT B AU Turqueti, M Rivera, R Uplegger, L Prosser, A AF Turqueti, M. Rivera, R. Uplegger, L. Prosser, A. GP IEEE TI An architecture proposal for the ILC test beam silicon telescope at Fermilab SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The requirements for an ILC Test Beam silicon telescope system are foreseen to be very stringent. Resolution, noise, and throughput must be carefully managed in order to provide a useful instrument for the high energy physics community to develop detector technologies for the MC. Since the ILC Test Beam is meant to test a wide variety of different detectors, it must employ universally accepted software techniques, hardware standards and protocols as well as easy integration of hardware and software with the various clients using the system. In this paper, we describe an open modular architecture to achieve these goals, including an analysis of the entire chain of software and hardware needed to meet the requirements. C1 [Turqueti, M.; Rivera, R.; Uplegger, L.; Prosser, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turqueti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900058 ER PT B AU Biery, K Cooper, G Foulkes, S Guglielmo, G Piccoli, L Votava, M AF Biery, Kurt Cooper, Glenn Foulkes, Stephen Guglielmo, Gerald Piccoli, Luciano Votava, Margaret GP IEEE TI A system for exchanging control and status messages in the NOvA data acquisition SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB In preparation for NOvA, a future neutrino experiment at Fermilab, we are developing a system for passing control and status messages in the data acquisition system. The DAQ system will consist of applications running on approximately 450 nodes. The message passing system will use a publish-subscribe model and will provide support for sending messages and receiving the associated replies. Additional features of the system include a layered architecture with custom APIs tailored to the needs of a DAQ system, the use of an open source messaging system for handling the reliable delivery of messages, the ability to send broadcasts to groups of applications, and APIs in Java, C++, and Python. Our choice for the open source system to deliver messages is EPICS. We will discuss the architecture of the system, our experience with EPICS, and preliminary test results. C1 [Biery, Kurt; Cooper, Glenn; Foulkes, Stephen; Guglielmo, Gerald; Piccoli, Luciano; Votava, Margaret] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Biery, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 378 EP 384 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900072 ER PT B AU Angstadt, R Estrada, J Diehl, HT Flaugher, B Johnson, M AF Angstadt, R. Estrada, J. Diehl, H. T. Flaugher, B. Johnson, M. GP IEEE TI Microsecond delays on non-real time operating systems SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB We have developed microsecond timing and profiling software that runs on standard Windows[1] and Linux based operating systems. This software is orders of magnitudes better than most of the standard native functions in wide use. Our software libraries calibrate RDTSC in microseconds or seconds to provide two different types of delays: a "Guaranteed Minimum' and a precision "Long Delay", which releases to the kernel. Both return profiling information of the actual delay. C1 [Angstadt, R.; Estrada, J.; Diehl, H. T.; Flaugher, B.; Johnson, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Angstadt, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900076 ER PT B AU Rivera, RA Turqueti, MA AF Rivera, Ryan A. Turqueti, Marcos A. GP IEEE TI The test stand system for the PHENIX iFVTX silicon detector SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; FPix2.1; iFVTX; PHENIX; test stand AB PHENIX is the largest of the four experiments currently taking data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and the iFVTX is a new pixel tracker which will be installed in the forward tracker region of PHENIX Fermilab has developed a complete test stand system for the examination of FPix2.1 modules, hybrids, and pixel chips that will be installed in the iFVTX The system is currently in use for chip, module, and wafer testing at Fermilab. The test stand architecture is flexible and can be adapted to new requirements. In this paper, the software and hardware integration win be discussed followed by an analysis of the advantages of choosing a modular approach for the system. Finally, a selection of tests supported by the system, along with sample results, will be presented and explained. C1 [Rivera, Ryan A.; Turqueti, Marcos A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rivera, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 422 EP 426 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900081 ER PT B AU Abulencia, A Azzurri, P Brian, W Cochran, E Dittmann, JR Donati, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Fedorko, I Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, M Gartner, J Gerberich, H Hewamanage, S Holm, S Hughes, R Ivanov, A Johnson, M Jones, M Junk, T Kasten, M Kilminster, B Klein, R Krumnack, N Lannon, K Levine, S Lister, A Mckim, J Mokos, R Olivito, D Parks, B Pitts, K Rogers, E Schmidt, EE Scott, L Shaw, T Slaunwhite, J Soha, A Staveris, A Veramendi, G Wilson, JS Wilson, PJ Winer, B AF Abulencia, A. Azzurri, P. Brian, W. Cochran, E. Dittmann, J. R. Donati, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Fedorko, I. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Frank, M. Gartner, J. Gerberich, H. Hewamanage, S. Holm, S. Hughes, R. Ivanov, A. Johnson, M. Jones, M. Junk, T. Kasten, M. Kilminster, B. Klein, R. Krumnack, N. Lannon, K. Levine, S. Lister, A. McKim, J. Mokos, R. Olivito, D. Parks, B. Pitts, K. Rogers, E. Schmidt, E. E. Scott, L. Shaw, T. Slaunwhite, J. Soha, A. Staveris, A. Veramendi, G. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. J. Winer, B. GP IEEE TI The CDF II 3D-track level 2 trigger upgrade SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The CDF H Level I track trigger system reconstructs charged tracks in the plane transverse to the beam direction. The track trigger electronics uses the hit data from the 4 axial layers of the CDF H central outer tracking chamber, and has been recently upgraded to include the complementary information from the 3 stereo layers. Together with the existing system it provides improved fake track rejection at Level 1. In addition, the high resolution segment information is delivered to the Level 2 processors, where software algorithms perform three-dimensional stereo track reconstruction. The 3D-tracks are further extrapolated to the electromagnetic calorimeter towers and muon chambers to generate trigger electron and union candidates. The invariant mass of track pairs and track isolations are also calculated and used in the Level 2 trigger decision. We describe the hardware and software for the Level 2 part of the track trigger upgrade as well as the performance of the new track trigger algorithms. C1 [Abulencia, A.; Errede, D.; Gerberich, H.; Junk, T.; Kasten, M.; Mokos, R.; Pitts, K.; Rogers, E.; Veramendi, G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Brian, W.; Dittmann, J. R.; Frank, M.; Hewamanage, S.; Krumnack, N.; Wilson, J. S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Erbacher, R.; Forrest, R.; Holm, S.; Ivanov, A.; Klein, R.; Lister, A.; Soha, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmidt, E. E.; Scott, L.; Shaw, T.; Wilson, P. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cochran, E.; Efron, J.; Gartner, J.; Hughes, R.; Johnson, M.; Kilminster, B.; Lannon, K.; McKim, J.; Olivito, D.; Parks, B.; Slaunwhite, J.; Winer, B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Azzurri, P.; Donati, S.; Fedorko, I.; Staveris, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Flanagan, G.; Jones, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 471 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900092 ER PT B AU Amerio, S Casarsa, M Cortiana, G Lucchesi, D Griso, SP Ristorit, L Torre, S AF Amerio, S. Casarsa, M. Cortiana, G. Lucchesi, D. Griso, S. Pagan Ristorit, L. Torre, S. GP IEEE TI Online b-jets tagging at CDF SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB We propose a method to identify b-quark jets at trigger level which exploits recently increased CDF trigger system capabilities. b-quark jets identification is of central interest for the CDF high-P-T physics program, and the possibility to select online b-jets enriched samples can extend the physics reaches especially for light Higgs boson searches where the H -> b (b) over bar decay mode is dominant. Exploiting new trigger primitives provided by two recent trigger upgrades, the Level2 XFT stereo tracking [1] and the improved Level2 cluster-finder [2], in conjunction with the existing Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) [3] [4], we design an online trigger algorithm aimed at selecting good purity b-jets samples useful for many physics measurements, the most important being inclusive H -> b (b) over bar searches. We discuss the performances of the proposed b-tagging algorithm which must guarantee reasonable trigger rates at luminosity greater than 2 x 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1) and provide high efficiency on H -> b (b) over bar events. C1 [Amerio, S.; Cortiana, G.; Lucchesi, D.; Griso, S. Pagan] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Casarsa, M.] Fermi Lab, Chicago, IL 60510 USA. [Ristorit, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Torre, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNF, Frascati, Italy. RP Amerio, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Sci- ence Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bun- desministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and the Royal Society, UK; nstitut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; European Communitys Human Potential Programme; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Sci- ence Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bun- desministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut Na- tional de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; the European Community's Human Potential Programme; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 482 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900094 ER PT B AU Annovi, A Bellinger, J Casarsa, M Catastini, P Cerre, A Dell'Orso, M Giannetti, P Ginsburg, C Liu, T Piendibene, M Rogondin, L Sartori, L Torre, S AF Annovi, A. Bellinger, J. Casarsa, M. Catastini, P. Cerre, A. Dell'Orso, M. Giannetti, P. Ginsburg, C. Liu, T. Piendibene, M. Rogondin, L. Sartori, L. Torre, S. GP IEEE TI The SVT bypass for a forward lepton wide coverage in the CDF trigger SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The Silicon-Vertex-Trigger (SVT) [1,2] at CDF is made of two pipelined processors: the Associative-Memory, AM [3,4], finding low precision tracks (roads) and the Track-Fitter, TF, refining the track quality with high-precision fits. We propose to extend the SVT use, now mostly focused on B-physics, to high-P-T physics as a tracker in the forward/backward region. The upgraded SW structure is easily improved working on firmware, or connecting the existing general purpose FPGA-based SVT boards, named Pulsars, with other Pulsars in a legostructure. In particular, SVT can easily extend the prompt-lepton acceptance providing silicon-only tracks where the drift-chamber coverage is poor or missing (pseudorapidity larger than 1). Since prompt-leptons from high-PT events do not require precise impact parameter measurement, we don't need to measure these tracks with the maximum silicon detector resolution. We enlarge the use of the AM, to detect tracks above a defined PT threshold. We propose a bypass that brings the new thin roads found by AM, directly to the level-2 CPUs. While the slower fun-resolution path (TV) will have to digest the normal AM road production, four new Pulsars will deliver new roads from AM to L2-CPU. All the hardware exists, needs only to be assembled. We present the bypass architecture, the forward-track quality and their possible use in Higgs triggers. The system timing is estimated from simulation on real data and measurements on test stand. C1 [Annovi, A.; Torre, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Rome, Italy. [Bellinger, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casarsa, M.; Ginsburg, C.; Liu, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cerre, A.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Dell'Orso, M.; Giannetti, P.; Piendibene, M.; Rogondin, L.; Sartori, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, Pisa, Italy. RP Annovi, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Rome, Italy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 487 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900095 ER PT B AU Bizjak, I Chlebana, F Guglielmo, GM Masubuchi, T McFarland, K Sakumoto, W Sarkis, RE Shimojima, M Snider, FD Yu, G Zhang, D AF Bizjak, I. Chlebana, F. Guglielmo, G. M. Masubuchi, T. McFarland, K. Sakumoto, W. Sarkis, R. E. Shimojima, M. Snider, F. D. Yu, G. Zhang, D. GP IEEE TI Upgrade of the CDF run II data logger SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS ID SYSTEM AB The Consumer-Server/Logger (CSL) is the final component in the CDF Data Acquisition chain before data is archived to tape. The CSL buffers data in separate data streams, records file meta information into a database and sends a fraction of events to online processors for real time monitoring of data quality. Recently, the CSL was upgraded in order to increase the logging capacity to 80 MB/s. The upgrade consists of commodity servers running Linux. A "Receiver node" distributes data via Gigabit Ethernet to eight parallel "Logger nodes' connected to external disk arrays via a Fibre Channel network. A redundant design and the availability of inexpensive large capacity disk arrays provides a highly available system that is scalable and easy to maintain. We present a description of the CSL upgrade and discuss the experience gained through commissioning to operations. C1 [Bizjak, I.] UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Chlebana, F.; Guglielmo, G. M.; Snider, F. D.; Zhang, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Masubuchi, T.; Shimojima, M.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [McFarland, K.; Sakumoto, W.; Sarkis, R. E.; Yu, G.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Bizjak, I (reprint author), UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 493 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900096 ER PT B AU Kwarciany, R Biery, K Cooper, G Foulkes, S Guglielmo, G Haynes, B Pavlicek, V Piccoli, L Votava, M AF Kwarciany, R. Biery, K. Cooper, G. Foulkes, S. Guglielmo, G. Haynes, B. Pavlicek, V. Piccoli, L. Votava, M. GP IEEE TI NOvA DAQ, system architecture, data combiner and timing system SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB NOvA (E929) is a long baseline experiment that will search for neutrino oscillations. There will be one detector near the beam source at Fermilab, and one detector in northern Minnesota. The DAQ system for the far detector collects over-threshold hits from over 450,000 channels of scintillator readouts, sorts the time-stamped data packets and archives selected time periods of data for transmission and processing. While a simple point-to-point protocol is used for the first level of data collection, Ethernet was chosen as the fabric for the rest of the DAQ. The packet time-stamp and overall system synchronization is based on two common-view GPS trained clock oscillators, one at each site. The present design cost-effectively satisfies the experiment's moderate speed and data volume requirements. C1 [Kwarciany, R.; Biery, K.; Cooper, G.; Foulkes, S.; Guglielmo, G.; Haynes, B.; Pavlicek, V.; Piccoli, L.; Votava, M.] US DOE, Comp Div, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kwarciany, R (reprint author), US DOE, Comp Div, Fermilab, Kirk & Wilson St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 525 EP 529 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900103 ER PT B AU Purwar, AK AF Purwar, Anuj K. CA PHENIX Collaboration GP IEEE TI DAQ for forward silicon tracker upgrade for PHENIX SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS ID DETECTOR AB The Forward Silicon Vertex Tracker (FVTX) is a silicon detector being planned as an upgrade to the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. Four layers of silicon strip layers at forward and backward rapidity will add to the vertex capability of the PHENIX Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) enabling measurement of secondary vertices in front of the PHENIX muon arms. This allows the identification of heavy-quark decays (charm and beauty) into muons, while also allowing rejection of pion and kaon decays into muons. We describe the FPGA based Data Acquisition System that is being developed for this detector. C1 [Purwar, Anuj K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subatom Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Purwar, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subatom Phys Grp, P-25,MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 591 EP 595 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900114 ER PT B AU Riu, I Abolins, M Adragna, P Avlio, G Backlund, S Badescu, E Batreanu, S Battaglia, A Beck, HP Bee, C Bell, P Blair, RR Bogaerts, A Bold, T Bosman, M Boyd, J Burckhart-Chromek, D Caprini, M Cimino, D Ciobotaru, M Corso-Radu, A Costa, MJ Torres, RC Cranfield, K Crone, G Dawson, J Simoes, JDA DellaPietra, M Demers, S Di Mattia, A Dobson, M Dos Anjos, A Dotti, A Drake, G Ellis, N Ermoline, Y Eschrich, I Ferland, J Ferrari, K Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Garitaonandia, H Gaudio, G Gorini, B Gowdy, S Green, B Haberichter, W Hadavand, H Haeberli, C Hauschild, N Hauser, K Hillier, S Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Idarraga, J Joos, M Kazarov, A Kekoe, K Kieft, G Kirk, J Kolos, S Kordas, K Korcyl, K Kugel, A Leahu, L Leahu, M Miotto, GL Lellouch, D Mapelli, L Martin, B Masik, J Mcpherson, R Meessen, C Meirosu, C Mineev, M Misiejuk, A Mornacchi, G Mueller, M Garcia, RM Nagasaka, Y Negri, A Padilla, C Parodi, F Pasqualucci, E Pauly, T Petersen, J Pope, B Renkel, P Roda, C Salvatore, D Scannicchio, D Schiavi, C Schlereth, J Scholtes, I Sivoklokov, S Sloper, JE Soloviev, I Spiwoks, R Stancu, S Stelzer, J Strong, J Sushkov, S Tremblet, L Unel, G Vandelli, W Vermeulen, J Von der Schmitt, J Wemer, P Wheeler-Ellis, S Wickens, F Wiedenmann, W Wilkens, H Winklmeier, F Wu, X Yasu, Y Zema, F Zhang, J Zobernig, H AF Riu, I. Abolins, M. Adragna, P. Avlio, G. Backlund, S. Badescu, E. Batreanu, S. Battaglia, A. Beck, H. P. Bee, C. Bell, P. Blair, R. R. Bogaerts, A. Bold, T. Bosman, M. Boyd, J. Burckhart-Chromek, D. Caprini, M. Cimino, D. Ciobotaru, M. Corso-Radu, A. Costa, M. J. Torres, R. Coura Cranfield, K. Crone, G. Dawson, J. Simoes, J. De Almeida DellaPietra, M. Demers, S. Di Mattia, A. Dobson, M. Dos Anjos, A. Dotti, A. Drake, G. Ellis, N. Ermoline, Y. Eschrich, I. Ferland, J. Ferrari, K. Ferrer, M. L. Francis, D. Gadomski, S. Gameiro, S. Garitaonandia, H. Gaudio, G. Gorini, B. Gowdy, S. Green, B. Haberichter, W. Hadavand, H. Haeberli, C. Hauschild, Nt Hauser, K. Hillier, S. Hinkelbein, C. Hughes-Jones, R. Idarraga, J. Joos, M. Kazarov, A. Kekoe, K. Kieft, G. Kirk, J. Kolos, S. Kordas, K. Korcyl, K. Kugel, A. Leahu, L. Leahu, M. Miotto, G. Lehmann Lellouch, D. Mapelli, L. Martin, B. Masik, J. Mcpherson, R. Meessen, C. Meirosu, C. Mineev, M. Misiejuk, A. Mornacchi, G. Mueller, M. Garcia, R. Murillo Nagasaka, Y. Negri, A. Padilla, C. Parodi, F. Pasqualucci, E. Pauly, T. Petersen, J. Pope, B. Renkel, P. Roda, C. Salvatore, D. Scannicchio, D. Schiavi, C. Schlereth, J. Scholtes, I. Sivoklokov, S. Sloper, J. E. Soloviev, I. Spiwoks, R. Stancu, S. Stelzer, J. Strong, J. Sushkov, S. Tremblet, L. Unel, G. Vandelli, W. Vermeulen, J. Von der Schmitt, J. Wemer, P. Wheeler-Ellis, S. Wickens, F. Wiedenmann, W. Wilkens, H. Winklmeier, F. Wu, X. Yasu, Y. Zema, F. Zhang, J. Zobernig, H. GP IEEE TI Integration of the trigger and data acquisition systems in ATLAS SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB During 2006 and spring 2007, integration and commissioning of trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) equipment in the ATLAS experimental area has progressed. Much of the work has focused on a final prototype setup consisting of around eighty computers representing a subset of the full TDAQ system. There have been a series of technical runs using this setup. Various tests have been run including ones where around 6k Level-1 pre-selected simulated proton-proton events have been processed in a loop mode through the trigger and dataflow chains. The system included the readout buffers containing the events, event building, second level and third level trigger algorithms. Quantities critical for the final system, such as event processing times, have been studied using different trigger algorithms as well as different dataflow components. C1 [Riu, I.; Bosman, M.; Garitaonandia, H.; Sushkov, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Bellaterra, Spain. [Abolins, M.; Di Mattia, A.; Ermoline, Y.; Hauser, K.; Pope, B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Adragna, P.] Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Phys, London, England. [Avlio, G.; Backlund, S.; Batreanu, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Boyd, J.; Burckhart-Chromek, D.; Ciobotaru, M.; Dobson, M.; Ellis, N.; Francis, D.; Gorini, B.; Hauschild, Nt; Joos, M.; Leahu, L.; Miotto, G. Lehmann; Mapelli, L.; Martin, B.; Mornacchi, G.; Garcia, R. Murillo; Padilla, C.; Pauly, T.; Petersen, J.; Scholtes, I.; Sloper, J. E.; Soloviev, I.; Spiwoks, R.; Stancu, S.; Stelzer, J.; Tremblet, L.; Vandelli, W.; Wemer, P.; Wilkens, H.; Winklmeier, F.; Zema, F.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Badescu, E.; Batreanu, S.; Caprini, M.; Ciobotaru, M.; Leahu, L.; Leahu, M.; Meirosu, C.; Stancu, S.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Inst Atom Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Kirk, J.; Wickens, F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. [Batreanu, S.; Beck, H. P.; Gadomski, S.; Haeberli, C.; Kordas, K.] Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. [Bee, C.; Meessen, C.] CPPM, IN2P3 CNRS, Marseille, France. [Bell, P.; Hughes-Jones, R.; Masik, J.] Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Blair, R. R.; Dawson, J.; Drake, G.; Haberichter, W.; Schlereth, J.; Zhang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Abolins, M.; Ciobotaru, M.; Corso-Radu, A.; Eschrich, I.; Kolos, S.; Negri, A.; Stancu, S.; Wheeler-Ellis, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cimino, D.; Dotti, A.; Parodi, F.; Petersen, J.; Roda, C.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Fis, Pisa, Italy. [Costa, M. J.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. [Torres, R. Coura] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE IF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cranfield, K.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Simoes, J. De Almeida; Gameiro, S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Univ Catolica Figueira Foz, Lisbon, Portugal. [Demers, S.; Gowdy, S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. [Dos Anjos, A.; Wiedenmann, W.; Zobernig, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ferland, J.; Idarraga, J.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ferland, J.; Ferrari, K.; Gaudio, G.; Scannicchio, D.] Univ Pavia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, Pavia, Italy. [Ferrari, K.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, Frascati, Italy. [Green, B.; Misiejuk, A.; Strong, J.] Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham, Surrey, England. [Hadavand, H.; Kekoe, K.; Renkel, P.] Southern Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75205 USA. [Hillier, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Hinkelbein, C.; Kugel, A.; Mueller, M.] Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, Mannheim, Germany. [Kazarov, A.] PNPI, St Petersburg, Russia. [Kieft, G.; Vermeulen, J.] Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF H, FOM, Inst SAF NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Korcyl, K.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. [Lellouch, D.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. [Mcpherson, R.] Victoria Univ, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Cimino, D.; Mineev, M.] Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Nagasaka, Y.] Hiroshima Inst Tech, Hiroshima, Japan. [Parodi, F.; Schiavi, C.] Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. [Pasqualucci, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Salvatore, D.] Univ Calabar, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. [Sivoklokov, S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Unel, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Von der Schmitt, J.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Wu, X.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. [Yasu, Y.] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [DellaPietra, M.] Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Naples, Italy. RP Riu, I (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Bellaterra, Spain. RI Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Scholtes, Ingo/A-8251-2012 OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Scholtes, Ingo/0000-0003-2253-0216 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 610 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900117 ER PT B AU Perazzo, A Herbst, R Huffer, M O'Grady, C Sapozhnikov, L Siskind, E Tarkington, D Weaver, M AF Perazzo, A. Herbst, R. Huffer, M. O'Grady, C. Sapozhnikov, L. Siskind, E. Tarkington, D. Weaver, M. GP IEEE TI Camera data acquisition for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a proposed ground-based 8.4-meter telescope operating in the visible band. The LSST Camera Control System (CCS) will manage the activities of the various camera subsystems and coordinate those activities with the LSST Observatory Control System (OCS). The most demanding component of the CCS is the Science Array Data Acquisition Subsystem (SDS). its principal responsibilities are to receive science data from the camera, perform cross-talk correction, reorganize, buffer and, finally, distribute these data to down stream clients. SDS will use System on Chip (SoC) technologies and high speed protocols like 10 Gb Ethernet. This paper will describe the SDS requirements, its conceptual design and the current development status. C1 [Perazzo, A.; Herbst, R.; Huffer, M.; O'Grady, C.; Sapozhnikov, L.; Siskind, E.; Tarkington, D.; Weaver, M.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perazzo, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 640 EP 641 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900122 ER PT B AU Torretta, D AF Torretta, Donatella CA CDF Collaboration GP IEEE TI Using feedback to control deadtime in the CDF trigger system SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference 2007 CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The CDF experiment uses a three-level trigger system to select events produced during pp collisions. As the luminosity of the Tevatron accelerator falls by a factor of four over a 24 hour period, trigger selections are adjusted automatically in order to make full use of the data processing bandwidth. The selections are made to maximize high purity triggers and keep the deadtime as low as possible at any given luminosity thoughout the entire course of a run. We describe the algoritms used to obtain these goals and how the changing conditions are accounted for in the analysis of the data. C1 [Torretta, Donatella] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Torretta, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 650 EP 652 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900125 ER PT B AU Abulencia, A Azzurri, P Brian, W Cochran, E Dittmann, JR Donati, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Fedorko, I Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, M Gartner, J Gerberich, H Hewamanage, S Holm, S Hughes, R Ivanov, A Johnson, A Jones, M Junk, T Kasten, M Kilminster, B Klein, R Krunmack, N Lannon, K Levine, S Lister, A Mckim, J Mokos, R Olivito, D Parks, B Pitts, K Rogers, E Schmidt, EE Scoutt, L Shaw, T Slaunwhite, J Soha, A Staveris, A Veramendi, G Wilson, JS Wilson, PJ Winer, B AF Abulencia, A. Azzurri, P. Brian, W. Cochran, E. Dittmann, J. R. Donati, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Fedorko, I. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Frank, M. Gartner, J. Gerberich, H. Hewamanage, S. Holm, S. Hughes, R. Ivanov, A. Johnson, A. Jones, M. Junk, T. Kasten, M. Kilminster, B. Klein, R. Krunmack, N. Lannon, K. Levine, S. Lister, A. McKim, J. Mokos, R. Olivito, D. Parks, B. Pitts, K. Rogers, E. Schmidt, E. E. Scoutt, L. Shaw, T. Slaunwhite, J. Soha, A. Staveris, A. Veramendi, G. Wilson, J. S. Wilson, P. J. Winer, B. GP IEEE TI The CDF II level 1 track trigger upgrade SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The CDF II detector uses dedicated hardware to identify charged tracks that are used in an important class of level 1 trigger decisions. Until now, this hardware identified track segments based on patterns of hits on only the axial sense wires in the tracking chamber and determined the transverse momentum of track candidates from patterns of track segments. This identification is efficient but produces trigger rates that grow rapidly with increasing instantaneous luminosity. High trigger rates are a consequence of the large numbers of low momentum tracks produced in inelastic p (p) over bar collisions which generate overlapping patterns of hits that match those expected for high-momentum tracks. A recently completed upgrade to the level I track trigger system makes use of information from stereo wires in the tracking chamber to reduce the rate of false triggers while maintaining high efficiency for real high momentum particles. We describe the new electronics used to instrument the additional sense wires, identify track segments and correlate these with the track candidates found by the original track trigger system. The performance of this system is characterized in terms of the efficiency for identifying charged particles and the improved rejection of axial track candidates that do not correspond to real particles. C1 [Abulencia, A.; Errede, D.; Gerberich, H.; Junk, T.; Kasten, M.; Levine, S.; Mokos, R.; Pitts, K.; Rogers, E.; Veramendi, G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Flanagan, G.; Jones, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Azzurri, P.; Donati, S.; Fedorko, I.; Staveris, A.] Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56000 Pisa, Italy. [Brian, W.; Dittmann, J. R.; Frank, M.; Hewamanage, S.; Krunmack, N.; Wilson, J. S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lannon, K.; McKim, J.; Olivito, D.; Parks, B.; Slaunwhite, J.; Winer, B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Erbacher, R.; Forrest, R.; Ivanov, A.; Lister, A.; Soha, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holm, S.; Klein, R.; Schmidt, E. E.; Scoutt, L.; Shaw, T.; Wilson, P. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 668 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900129 ER PT B AU Bhatti, A Canepa, A Casarsa, M Convery, M Cortiana, G Dell'Orso, A Donati, S Flanagan, G Frisch, H Fukun, T Giannetti, P Greco, V Jones, M Kroi, D Liu, T Lucchesi, D Pantano, D Piendibene, M Ristori, L Rogondino, L Rusu, V Sartori, L Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Zhou, L AF Bhatti, A. Canepa, A. Casarsa, M. Convery, M. Cortiana, G. Dell'Orso, A. Donati, S. Flanagan, G. Frisch, H. Fukun, T. Giannetti, P. Greco, V. Jones, M. Kroi, D. Liu, T. Lucchesi, D. Pantano, D. Piendibene, M. Ristori, L. Rogondino, L. Rusu, V. Sartori, L. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, M. Zhou, L. GP IEEE TI Level-2 calorimeter trigger upgrade at CDF SO 2007 15TH IEEE-NPSS REAL-TIME CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2007 CL Batavia, IL SP IEEE, NPSS AB The CDF Run II Level-2 calorimeter trigger is implemented in hardware and is based on a simple algorithm used in Run L This system has worked well for Run H at low luminosity. However, as the Tevatron instantaneous luminosity increases, the limitation due to the simple algorithm starts to become dear. In this paper, we will present an upgrade path to the Level-2 calorimeter trigger system at CDF. This upgrade approach is based on the Pulsar board, a general purpose VME board developed at CDF and used for upgrading both the Level-2 tracking and the Level-2 global decision crate. This paper win describe the design, hardware and software implementation, as well as the advantages of this approach over the existing system. C1 [Bhatti, A.; Convery, M.] Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Canepa, A.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Casarsa, M.; Frisch, H.; Liu, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cortiana, G.] INFN, Dept Phys, Padua, Italy. [Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Greco, V.; Piendibene, M.; Ristori, L.; Rogondino, L.; Sartori, L.] INFN, Dept Phys, Pisa, Italy. [Flanagan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Frisch, H.; Fukun, T.; Kroi, D.; Rusu, V.; Zhou, L.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [Vidal, M.] CIEMAT, Madrid 2228040, Spain. RP Bhatti, A (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0866-5 PY 2007 BP 714 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BHI50 UT WOS:000253415900137 ER PT B AU Phillips, LR AF Phillips, Laurence R. GP IEEE TI Algorithmic approaches to reducing risk in power system operation SO 2007 1st Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual IEEE Systems Conference CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Syst Council, IEEE Reg 6 ID PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION; GENERATION; STRATEGIES; DISPATCH AB This paper identifies and describes algorithms of interest for reducing risk in power system operation. Risk is the probability of an event multiplied by the cost of the event's consequences. For a power system, the primary consequence is failure of the system to meet demand. Risk reduction is examined from three perspectives: protection, reduced consequences, and improved operation. In particular we examine distributed algorithms from a risk perspective. This work provides direction for algorithm R&D in the area of risk reduction and indicates underlying principles of algorithm utilization for distributed system operation. Our prior work [1] identified a framework for distributed operation and described the framework tasks, but did not identify suitable algorithms, properties, and metrics. This paper addresses this need by pointing out algorithms of particular interest for power system operation and relating these to risk. Unifying principles for distributed power system operation are indicated. Future work will demonstrate functioning instantiations of the most relevant algorithms in a power system context. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phillips, LR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0671, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1040-8 PY 2007 BP 314 EP 320 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGR16 UT WOS:000250038800049 ER PT B AU Beresh, SJ Smith, JA Henfling, JF Grasser, TW Spillers, RW AF Beresh, Steven J. Smith, Justin A. Henfling, John F. Grasser, Thomas W. Spillers, Russell W. GP IEEE TI A combined PIV/force balance study of a fin-wake aerodynamic interaction SO 2007 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Aerosp, Elec Syst Soc, AIAA ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MISSILE AB A sub-scale experiment has been constructed using fins mounted on one wall of a transonic wind tunnel to investigate the influence of fin tip vortices upon downstream control surfaces. Data are collected using a fin balance mounted on the downstream fin to measure the aerodynamic forces of the interaction, combined with stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry to measure vortex properties. The fin balance data show that the response of the downstream fin essentially is shifted from the baseline single-fin data dependent upon the angle of attack of the upstream fin. Freestrearn Mach number and the spacing between fins have secondary effects. The velocimetry shows that the vortex strength increases markedly with upstream fin angle of attack, though even an uncanted fin generates a noticeable wake. No Mach number effect can be discerned in the normalized data, but measurements taken progressively further from the fin trailing edge show the decay in vortex strength with downstream distance. Correlations between the force data and the velocimetry suggest that the interaction is fundamentally a result of an angle of attack induced upon the downstream fin by the vortex shed from the upstream fin tip. C1 [Beresh, Steven J.; Smith, Justin A.; Henfling, John F.; Grasser, Thomas W.; Spillers, Russell W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Beresh, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mailstop 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1599-1 PY 2007 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD70 UT WOS:000252358500009 ER PT B AU Lim, SH Jaworski, J Satyanarayana, S Wang, F Raorane, D Lee, SW Majumdar, A AF Lim, Si-Hyung Jaworski, Justyn Satyanarayana, Srinath Wang, Frank Raorane, Digvijay Lee, Seung-Wuk Majumdar, Arunava GP IEEE TI Nanomechanical chemical sensor platform SO 2007 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO/MICRO ENGINEERED AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference of Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems CY JAN 16-19, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND SP IEEE DE chemical sensing; selectivity; sensitivity; bio receptors; micromembrane AB For gas phase chemical sensing, we have developed a selective, sensitive and portable sensing platform, which integrates bio receptors, chemo-mechanical sensor array, and electrical readout circuits. The biggest challenge in chemical sensors is selectivity of a receptor to its respective target molecule against a background of various interfering agents. For target specific receptors, sequence-specific recognition motifs have been identified through directed evolution methods, called phage display. We have demonstrated and updated a parylene micromembrane surface stress sensor array which uses capacitive signal readout. C1 [Lim, Si-Hyung; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Raorane, Digvijay; Majumdar, Arunava] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jaworski, Justyn; Lee, Seung-Wuk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arunava] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence, KS 94720 USA. [Lee, Seung-Wuk] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence, KS USA. [Wang, Frank] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shlim@me.berkeley.edu FU Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, Berkeley Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Institute, UC Berkeley FX This work was supported in part by Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, Berkeley Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Institute, UC Berkeley NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0609-8 PY 2007 BP 642 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGN46 UT WOS:000248619100140 ER PT B AU Candy, JV Sale, K Guidry, BL Breitfeller, E Manatt, D Chambers, D Meyer, A AF Candy, James V. Sale, Kenneth Guidry, Brian L. Breitfeller, Eric Manatt, Douglas Chambers, David Meyer, Alan GP IEEE TI Bayesian processing for the detection of radioactive contraband from uncertain measurements SO 2007 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE AB With the increase in terrorist activities throughout the world, the need to develop techniques capable of detecting radioactive contraband in a timely manner is a critical requirement. The development of Bayesian processors for the detection of contraband stems from the fact that the posterior distribution is clearly multimodal eliminating the usual Gaussian-based processors. The development of a sequential bootstrap processor for this problem is discussed and shown how it is capable of providing an enhanced signal for eventual detection. C1 [Candy, James V.; Sale, Kenneth; Guidry, Brian L.; Breitfeller, Eric; Manatt, Douglas; Chambers, David; Meyer, Alan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-156, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM candy1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1713-1 PY 2007 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BHX36 UT WOS:000257193400015 ER PT S AU Kirby, B Kueck, J Leake, H Muhlheim, M AF Kirby, Brendan Kueck, John Leake, Harvey Muhlheim, Michael GP IEEE TI Nuclear generating stations and transmission grid reliability SO 2007 39TH NORTH AMERICAN POWER SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th North American Power Symposium CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2007 CL Las Cruces, NM DE nuclear power plant; voltage; fault; SCRAM; trip; transmission; risk AB Nuclear generating stations have historically been susceptible to transmission system voltage excursions. When nuclear generating stations trip because of voltage excursions, the resulting loss in real and reactive power support can exacerbate transmission events. New standards are being developed which should help improve nuclear plant and transmission system reliability. This paper provides a brief historical perspective. Nuclear plants do not provide automatic generation control in response to frequency decay and are also limited in providing voltage support. As 28 new nuclear plants are being considered for connection to an already highly stressed transmission grid, consideration must be given to nuclear plant design features that will enhance transmission system reliability. C1 [Kirby, Brendan; Kueck, John; Muhlheim, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Leake, Harvey] Arizona Publ Serv Co, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. RP Kirby, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kirbybj@ornl.gov; kueckjd@ornl.gov; mulheinimd@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee [37831-6283]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6283, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-4244-1725-4 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2007 BP 279 EP + DI 10.1109/NAPS.2007.4402323 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BHH30 UT WOS:000253272900047 ER PT B AU Katramatos, D Yu, DT Gibbard, B Mckee, S AF Katramatos, Dimitrios Yu, Dantong Gibbard, Bruce Mckee, Shawn GP IEEE TI The TeraPaths testbed: Exploring end-to-end network QoS SO 2007 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TESTBEDS AND RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORKS AND COMMUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructure for the Development of Networks and Communities CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE DE network; end-to-end; QoS; DiffServ; MPLS AB The TeraPaths project at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) investigates the combination of DiffServ-based LAN QoS with WAN MPLS tunnels in creating end-to-end (host-to-host) virtual paths with bandwidth guarantees. These virtual paths prioritize, protect, and throttle network flows in accordance with site agreements and user requests, and prevent the disruptive effects that conventional network flows can cause in one another. This paper focuses on the TeraPaths testbed, a collection of end-site subnets connected through high-performance WANs, serving the research and software development needs of the TeraPaths project. The testbed is rapidly evolving towards a multiple end-site infrastructure, dedicated to QoS networking research, and it offers unique opportunities for experimentation with minimal or no impact on regular, production networking operations. C1 [Katramatos, Dimitrios; Yu, Dantong; Gibbard, Bruce] Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, RHIC ATLAS Computing Facil, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Mckee, Shawn] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Katramatos, D (reprint author), Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, RHIC ATLAS Computing Facil, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM dkat@bnl.gov; dtyu@bnl.gov; gibbard@bnl.gov; smckee@umich.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0738-5 PY 2007 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHR39 UT WOS:000255661600036 ER PT B AU Buerger, SP Olsson, RH Wojciechowski, KE Yepez, E Novick, D Peterson, KA Turner, T Wheeler, JW Rohrer, BR Kholwadwala, DK AF Buerger, Stephen P. Olsson, Roy H., III Wojciechowski, Kenneth E. Yepez, Esteban, III Novick, David Peterson, Kenneth A. Turner, Timothy Wheeler, Jason W. Rohrer, Brandon R. Kholwadwala, Deepesh K. GP IEEE TI Portable, chronic neural interface system design for sensory augmentation SO 2007 3RD INTERNATIONAL IEEE/EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering CY MAY 02-05, 2007 CL Kohala Coast, HI SP IEEE, EMBS ID CAT SCIATIC-NERVE; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; STIMULATION; ELECTRODE; DEVICES AB While existing work in neural interfaces is largely geared toward the restoration of lost function in amputees or victims of neurological injuries, similar technology may also facilitate augmentation of healthy subjects. One example is the potential to learn a new, unnatural sense through a neural interface. The use of neural interfaces in healthy subjects would require an even greater level of safety and convenience than in disabled subjects, including reliable, robust bidirectional implants with highly-portable components outside the skin. We present our progress to date in the development of a bidirectional neural interface system intended for completely untethered use. The system consists of a wireless stimulating and recording peripheral nerve implant powered by a rechargeable battery, and a wearable package that communicates wirelessly both with the implant and with a computer or a network of independent sensor nodes. Once validated, such a system could permit the exploration of increasingly realistic use of neural interfaces both for restoration and for augmentation. C1 [Buerger, Stephen P.; Olsson, Roy H., III; Wojciechowski, Kenneth E.; Yepez, Esteban, III; Novick, David; Peterson, Kenneth A.; Turner, Timothy; Wheeler, Jason W.; Rohrer, Brandon R.; Kholwadwala, Deepesh K.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buerger, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbuerge@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; Sandia Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Grant FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. This work is supported by a Sandia Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Grant. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0791-0 PY 2007 BP 23 EP + DI 10.1109/CNE.2007.369602 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGM68 UT WOS:000248513500007 ER PT B AU Rohrer, B AF Rohrer, Brandon GP IEEE TI S-learning: A biomimetic algorithm for learning, memory, and control in robots SO 2007 3RD INTERNATIONAL IEEE/EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering CY MAY 02-05, 2007 CL Kohala Coast, HI SP IEEE, EMBS ID FINGER MOVEMENTS; MOTOR OUTPUT; HUMANS AB S-Learning is a sequence-based learning algorithm patterned on human motor behavior. Discrete-time and quantized sensory information is amassed in real-time to form a dynamic model of the system being controlled and its environment. No explicit model is provided a priori, nor any hint about what the structure of the model might be. As the core of a Brain-Emulating Cognition and Control Architecture (BECCA), S-Learning provides a mechanism for human-inspired learning, memory, and control in machines. In a simulation of a point-topoint reaching task, S-Learning demonstrates several attributes of human motor behavior, including learning through exploration and task transfer. C1 [Rohrer, Brandon] Sandia Natl Labs, Robot & Cybernet Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohrer, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Robot & Cybernet Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM brrohre@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The generous technical and programmatic support of Kristopher Klingler, Fred Rothganger, Larry Shipers, and Patrick Xavier are gratefully acknowledged. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0791-0 PY 2007 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1109/CNE.2007.369634 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGM68 UT WOS:000248513500039 ER PT B AU Jun, J Sichitiu, ML Flores, HD Eidenbenz, SJ AF Jun, Jangeun Sichitiu, Mihail L. Flores, Hector D. Eidenbenz, Stephan J. GP IEEE TI The Optimum Number of OSPF Areas for MANETs SO 2007 4TH ANNUAL IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON SENSOR, MESH AND AD-HOC COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE-Communications-Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and AD HOC Communications and Networks CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID NETWORKS AB Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a critical technology in filling the gap where the network infrastructure is insufficient or does not exist at all. The dynamic topology of MANET requires relatively large control overhead which impedes the scalability of the network. Recently, adapting a widely-used Internet protocol such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for MANETs has been actively investigated to benefit from its maturity, interoperability, and scalability. To enhance the scalability of OSPF, several extensions have been proposed including flooding backbone, differential hellos, smart peering, and distance effect. However, most of the existing work is based on the assumption of single OSPF area. In this paper, we present promising results from employing multiple OSPF areas as an efficient mean to enhance the scalability of MANETs. A novel analytical model is developed to capture the relationship between the number of areas and the flooding overhead. We perform theoretical analysis to show that there exists an optimum number of areas that minimizes the overhead. By using areas, the overhead can be significantly reduced (in some cases by 95%). The analytical results are verified with detailed simulation experiments. Finally, several candidate dynamic area formation schemes are investigated with different mobility models. The results show that the optimum number of areas has an even greater impact on the scalability of the scenarios with higher degree of realism. C1 [Jun, Jangeun; Sichitiu, Mihail L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Flores, Hector D.; Eidenbenz, Stephan J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jun, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jjun@ncsu.edu; mlsichit@ncsu.edu; hflores@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov FU Center for Advanced Computing and Communication at NCSU FX 'This work was supported by the Center for Advanced Computing and Communication at NCSU. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1267-9 PY 2007 BP 451 EP + DI 10.1109/SAHCN.2007.4292857 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHZ22 UT WOS:000257621500046 ER PT S AU Chang, H Park, C Parvin, B AF Chang, Hang Park, Catherine Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Quantitative representation of three-dimensional cell culture models SO 2007 4TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING : MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 12-15, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID ACTIVE CONTOURS AB Three-dimensional mammary cell culture models offer new opportunities for the development of computational techniques for segmentation, localization, and multicellular organization. Under normal conditions, these assays form a symmetrical, hollow structure, which is necessary for their functional operation. Often, the nuclear compartments are labeled, which provides context for quantitative protein localization or colony structure through fluorescent microscopy. These colonies are first delineated from the background using the level set method. Within each colony, nuclear regions are then bounded by their center of mass through iterative radial voting, and a local neighborhood for each nucleus is established through Voronoi tessellation. Finally, the level set method is applied again within each Voronoi region to delineate the nuclear compartment. The paper concludes with the application of the proposed method to a set of experimental data demonstrating a stable solution when iterative radial voting and level set methods are used synergistically. Furthermore, segmented colonies are characterized for architectural changes as as a result of ionizing radiation. C1 [Chang, Hang; Park, Catherine; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-0671-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2007 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2007.356795 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG38 UT WOS:000252957300023 ER PT S AU Han, J Chang, H Yang, Q Barcellos-Hoff, MH Parvin, B AF Han, Ju Chang, Hang Yang, Qing Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Segmentation of mammosphere structures from volumetric data SO 2007 4TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING : MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 12-15, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB 3D cell culture assays have emerged as the basis of an improved model system for evaluating therapeutic agents, molecular probes, and exogenous stimuli. However, there is a gap in robust computational techniques for segmentation of image data that are collected through confocal or deconvolution microscopy. The main issue is the volume of data, overlapping subcellular compartments, and variation in scale and size of subcompartments of interest. A geometric technique has been developed to bound the solution of the problem by first localizing centers of mass for each cell and then partitioning clumps of cells along minimal intersecting surfaces. An approximate solution to the center of mass is realized through iterative spatial voting, which is tolerant to variation in shape morphologies and overlapping compartments and is shown to have an excellent noise immunity. These approximate estimates to centers of mass are then used to partition a clump of cells along minimal intersecting surfaces that are estimated by Radon transform. Examples on real data and performance of the system over a large population of data are evaluated. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed methodology is extensible in terms of its application to protein localization studies. C1 [Han, Ju; Chang, Hang; Yang, Qing; Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-0671-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2007 BP 524 EP 527 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG38 UT WOS:000252957300132 ER PT S AU Chang, H Andarawewa, KL Han, J Barcellos-Hop, MH Parvin, B AF Chang, H. Andarawewa, K. L. Han, J. Barcellos-Hop, M. H. Parvin, B. GP IEEE TI Perceptual grouping of membrane signals in cell-based assays SO 2007 4TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING : MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 12-15, 2007 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB Membrane proteins organize themselves in a linear fashion where adjacent cells are attached together along the basal-lateral region. Their intensity distributions are often heterogeneous and may lack specificity. Grouping of these linear structures can aid in segmentation and quantitative representation of protein localization. However, quantitative analysis of these signals is often hindered by noise, variation in scale, and perceptual features. This paper introduces an iterative voting method for inferring the membrane signal as it relates to continuity. A unique aspect of this technique is in the topography of the voting kernel, which is refined and reoriented iteratively. The technique can cluster and group membrane signals along the tangential direction. It has an excellent noise immunity and is tolerant to perturbations in scale. Application of this technique to quantitative analysis of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integral cell membrane proteins is demonstrated. C1 [Chang, H.; Andarawewa, K. L.; Han, J.; Barcellos-Hop, M. H.; Parvin, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-0671-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2007 BP 532 EP 535 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2007.356906 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG38 UT WOS:000252957300134 ER PT B AU Gunter, D Tierney, BL Brown, A Swany, M Bresnahan, J Schopf, JM AF Gunter, Dan Tierney, Brian L. Brown, Aaron Swany, Martin Bresnahan, John Schopf, Jennifer M. GP IEEE TI Log summarization and anomaly detection for troubleshooting distributed systems SO 2007 8TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM AB Today's system monitoring tools are capable of detecting system failures such as host failures, OS errors, and network partitions in near-real time. Unfortunately, the same cannot yet be said of the end-to-end distributed software stack. Any given action, for example, reliably transferring a directory of files, can involve a wide range of complex and interrelated actions across multiple pieces of software: checking user certificates and permissions, getting details for all files, performing third-party transfers, understanding re-try policy decisions, etc. We present an infrastructure for troubleshooting complex middleware, a general purpose technique for configurable log summarization, and an anomaly detection technique that works in near-real time on running Grid middleware. We present results gathered using this infrastructure from instrumented Grid middleware and applications running on the Emulab testbed. From these results, we analyze the effectiveness of several algorithms at accurately detecting a variety of performance anomalies. C1 [Gunter, Dan; Tierney, Brian L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Aaron; Swany, Martin] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Bresnahan, John; Schopf, Jennifer M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Gunter, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dkgunter@lbl.gov; bltierney@lbl.gov; brown@cis.udel.edu; swany@cis.udel.edu; bresnaha@mcs.ani.gov; jms@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF NMI [SCI-0438372] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. Additional support was provided by NSF NMI Award SCI-0438372. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1559-5 PY 2007 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI23 UT WOS:000253412400006 ER PT B AU Bhat, V Parashar, M Klasky, S AF Bhat, Virai Parashar, Manish Klasky, Scott GP IEEE TI Experiments with in-transit processing for data intensive Grid workflows SO 2007 8TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM AB Efficient and robust data streaming and in-transit data manipulations are critical requirements of emerging scientific and engineering application workflows, which are based on seamless interactions and coupling between geographically distributed application components. The overall goal of this research is to address these requirements and develop a data streaming and in-transit data manipulation service. In this paper, we experimentally investigate reactive management strategies for in-transit data manipulation, as well as cooperative end-to-end management for wide-area data-streaming and in-transit data manipulation for data-intensive scientific and engineering workflows. C1 [Bhat, Virai; Parashar, Manish] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Klasky, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhat, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM virajb@caip.rutgers.edu; parashar@caip.rutgers.edu; klasky@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354, IIS 0430826, ANI 0335244]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER54857] FX The research presented in this paper is supported in part by National Science Foundation via grants numbers CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354, IIS 0430826 and ANI 0335244, and by Department of Energy via the grant number DE-FG02-06ER54857 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1559-5 PY 2007 BP 130 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI23 UT WOS:000253412400017 ER PT S AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. GP IEEE TI Collective plume tracing: A minimal information approach to collective control SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; VEHICLES AB A team of simple robots are used to trace a chemical plume to its source in order to find buried landmines. The goal of this paper is to analyze and design "emergent" behaviors to enable the team of simple robots to perform plume tracing with the assistance of information theory. The first step in the design process is to define a fundamental trade-off for collective systems between processing, memory, and communications for each robot in order to execute the desired collective behaviors. The baseline problem is to determine the minimum values for processing, memory, and communications simultaneously. This will enable the designer to determine the required information flow and how effectively the information resources are being utilized in collective systems. The solution to this baseline problem is an 8-bit processor, no memory, and three words to communicate. The details of this solution are described in this paper. The second step is to extend the previous kinematic solution to a more general Hamiltonian based solution to develop a Fisher Information Equivalency. The Fisher Information Equivalency leads directly to necessary and sufficient conditions for stability and control of nonlinear collective systems via physical and information exergy flows. In particular, the creation of a "virtual/information potential" by the team of robots via the decentralized distributed networked sensors produces a direct relationship between proportional feedback control, stored exergy in the system, and Fisher Information. This nonlinear stability formulation through Fisher Information directly provides an optimization problem to "tune" the performance of the team of robots as a function of required information resources. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Infrastruct Future Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Energy Syst Anal Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Infrastruct Future Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rdrobin@sandia.gov; dwilso@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 2578 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258801194 ER PT S AU Killingsworth, NJ Aceves, SM Flowers, DL Krstic, M AF Killingsworth, Nick J. Aceves, Salvador M. Flowers, Daniel L. Krstic, Miroslav GP IEEE TI Extremum seeking tuning of an experimental HCCI engine combustion timing controller SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID IGNITION AB Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have the benefit of high efficiency with low emissions, at the price of not having a direct means to control the combustion timing. This fact makes combustion timing control of an HCCI engine more difficult than in spark ignition and diesel engines. While PID controllers have proved effective at isolated operating points, gain scheduling is needed to cover the entire range of operation. We use extremum seeking to tune the combustion timing controller of an experimental HCCI engine. Extremum seeking is found to be a useful tool for quick determination of optimal controller parameters. Such a tool allows for HCCI combustion timing controllers to be tuned over the range of operating points. C1 [Killingsworth, Nick J.; Krstic, Miroslav] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Aceves, Salvador M.; Flowers, Daniel L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Killingsworth, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors would like to thank Tim Ross and Francisco Espinosa-Loza for helping operate the experimental engine.This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 3773 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802153 ER PT S AU Peng, QY Budinger, TF AF Peng, Qiyu Budinger, Thomas F. GP IEEE TI ZigBee-based wireless intra-oral control system for quadriplegic patients SO 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16 SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES; DEVICE; MOTOR AB A human-to-computer system that includes a wireless intra-oral module, a wireless coordinator and distributed wireless controllers, is presented. The state-of-the-art ZigBee protocol is employed to achieve reliable, low-power and cost-efficient wireless communication between the tongue, computer and controllers. By manipulating five buttons on the wireless intra-oral module using the tongue, the subject can control cursors, computer menus, wheelchair, lights, TV, phone and robotic devices. The system is designed to improve the life quality of patients with stroke and patients with spinal cord injury. C1 [Peng, Qiyu; Budinger, Thomas F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peng, QY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qiyupeng@gmail.com; TFBudinger@lbl.gov RI peng, qiyu/G-1586-2013 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 978-1-4244-0787-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2007 BP 1647 EP 1650 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352623 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHI92 UT WOS:000253467001097 ER PT S AU Huang, B Brennan, KM Budinger, TF Maltz, JS AF Huang, Bin Brennan, Kathleen M. Budinger, Thomas F. Maltz, Jonathan S. GP IEEE TI Assessment of endothelial function in the radial artery using inhaled albuterol SO 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16 SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; DYSFUNCTION; VASODILATION AB Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of developing atherosclerosis and is a strong predictor of future heart attack and stroke. At present, evaluation of endothelial function (EF) (specifically, EF mediated by nitric oxide, NO) is too technically difficult to form part of a routine clinical examination. Non-invasive methods that measure NO-dependent EF in arteries make use of a 4-5 minute blood pressure cuff occlusion of the arm in order to induce reactive hyperemia (RH) upon cuff release. The increased blood flow that results from the RH stimulates the endothelial cells to release NO and relax the surrounding vascular smooth muscle. The magnitude of the change in arterial caliber or stiffness provides a measure of EF. The cuff occlusion is uncomfortable and inflation and release inevitably move the arm, increasing the technical difficulty of obtaining reliable measurements. In addition, the measured endothelial response is dependent on the degree of RH, which is influenced by many confounding physiological mechanisms. Studies have shown that the beta(2)- adrengergic agonist albuterol induces NO-mediated vasorelaxation in resistance vessels of humans. We examine, for the first time, the effect of albuterol on conduit vessels (radial artery) by measuring changes in the transit times of artificial pulses observed after inhalation of albuterol. We conclude that albuterol is able to relax the radial artery and that this correlates with the effects of RH (r=0.62, p=0.04). However, the response to a dose of 360 mu g is smaller and more variable when compared to the response to RH-based stimulus. C1 [Huang, Bin; Brennan, Kathleen M.; Budinger, Thomas F.; Maltz, Jonathan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BHuang@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 978-1-4244-0787-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2007 BP 3629 EP 3631 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353116 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHI92 UT WOS:000253467002273 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Abdelrahman, M Chaum, E Govindasamy, VP Kamowski, TP AF Tobin, Kenneth W. Abdelrahman, Mohamed Chaum, Edward Govindasamy, V. Priya Kamowski, Thomas P. GP IEEE TI A Probabilistic framework for content-based diagnosis of retinal disease SO 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16 SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; RETRIEVAL-SYSTEMS; IMAGE AB Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population in the industrialized world. Computer assisted analysis has the potential to assist in the early detection of diabetes by regular screening of large populations. The widespread availability of digital fundus cameras today is leading to the accumulation of large image archives of diagnosed patient data that captures historical knowledge of retinal pathology. Through this research we are developing a content-based image retrieval method to verify our hypothesis that retinal pathology can be identified and quantified from visually similar retinal images in an image archive. We will present diagnostic results for specificity and sensitivity on a population of 395 fundus images representing the normal fundus and 14 stratified disease states. C1 [Tobin, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Abdelrahman, Mohamed] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Cookeville, TN 38163 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tobinkwir@ornl.gov; mabdetrahman@tntech.edu; echaum@utmem.edu; muthusamygov@ornl.gov; kamowskitp@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Eye Institute [EY01765]; United States Army Medical and Material Command; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center [W81XWH-05-1-0409]; unrestricted UTHSC Departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY; The Plough Foundation, Memphis, TN FX These studies were supported in part by grants from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the National Eye Institute, (EY01765), the United States Army Medical and Material Command, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (W81XWH-05-1-0409), by an unrestricted UTHSC Departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY, and by The Plough Foundation, Memphis, TN. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 978-1-4244-0787-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2007 BP 6744 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHI92 UT WOS:000253467005216 ER PT B AU Tuncer, E Duckworth, RC Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR AF Tuncer, Enis Duckworth, Robert C. Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. GP IEEE TI Dielectric properties of polyvinyl alcohol filled with nanometer size barium titanate particles SO 2007 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID NANODIELECTRICS AB Recently extensive research efforts have been given to better understand and control properties of polymeric composite systems with nano-size metal-oxide inclusions. Improvements in the dielectric breakdown strength and significant change in dielectric dispersion of matrix polymers have been reported when nanometer size have been embedded. In the current study we will focus on dielectric properties (as a function of frequency and temperature) of a polymeric composite system (nanodielectric) composed of polyvinyl alcohol and barium titanate nano powder. In the investigations, the temperature range is between 50-295K, and the frequency range is between 20 Hz - 1 MHz. Polarization and conduction processes are investigated in the linear regime. Dielectric breakdown strengths of samples are also reported. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Duckworth, Robert C.; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1481-9 PY 2007 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2007.4451457 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHM48 UT WOS:000254276700053 ER PT B AU Shen, ZW Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Ito, N Mase, A Donne, AJH Park, HK AF Shen, Zuowei Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Ito, N. Mase, A. Donne, A. J. H. Park, H. K. GP IEEE TI 2-D Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging System for Plasma Diagnostics SO 2007 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Microwave Conference CY DEC 11-14, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE passive millimeter wave imaging; electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI); frequency selective surface (FSS); notch filter; dual dipole antenna array; IF electronics ID TEXTOR AB Technology advances have made possible the visualization of electron temperature profiles and fluctuations inside the core of high temperature plasmas via a two-dimensional passive millimeter wave imaging system. The electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system concept and configuration are briefly described. Advanced technologies such as frequency selective surfaces band-stop filter, planar Schottky diode mixer arrays, wide bandwidth IF electronics, and imaging optics are presented. C1 [Shen, Zuowei; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ito, N.; Mase, A.] Kyushu Univ, Art Scu & Technol Ctr Cooperat Res, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Donne, A. J. H.] Ass EURATOM FOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Park, H. K.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Shen, ZW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU US DOE [DE-FG03-95ER-54295] FX This work is supported by US DOE contract No. DE-FG03-95ER-54295. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0748-4 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2007 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIO52 UT WOS:000261353300030 ER PT B AU Feve, JP Schrader, PE Farrow, RL Kliner, DAV Landru, N AF Feve, Jean-Philippe Schrader, Paul E. Farrow, Roger L. Kliner, Dahv A. V. Landru, Nicolas GP IEEE TI Pulsed, Fiber-Based Laser with Widely Tunable Repetition Rate, Fixed Pulse Duration, and Minimal Nonlinear Effects SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID AMPLIFIER AB We report a pulsed, fiber-amplified microlaser providing high peak and average powers, widely tunable repetition rate (7.1-27 kHz), constant pulse duration (1.0 ns), linear output polarization, diffraction-limited beam quality, and minimal distortion by nonlinear effects. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Feve, Jean-Philippe; Landru, Nicolas] Teem Photon, 61 Chemin Vieux Chene, F-38246 Meylan, France. [Schrader, Paul E.; Farrow, Roger L.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Feve, JP (reprint author), Teem Photon, 61 Chemin Vieux Chene, F-38246 Meylan, France. EM farrow@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000066 ER PT B AU Greenberg, MR Smolyakov, GA Boyle, TJ Osinski, M AF Greenberg, Melisa R. Smolyakov, Gennady A. Boyle, Timothy J. Osinski, Marek GP IEEE TI Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Colloidal Nanocrystals SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Colloidal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) from zinc alkoxy alkyl precursors in the 1-methyl imidazole/H2O coordinating solvent is reported. The results of NC structural and optical characterization are presented. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Greenberg, Melisa R.; Smolyakov, Gennady A.; Osinski, Marek] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Boyle, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Greenberg, MR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM osinski@chtm.unm.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 173 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000087 ER PT B AU Nielson, GN Olsson, RH Resnick, PR Spahn, OB AF Nielson, Gregory N. Olsson, Roy H., III Resnick, Paul R. Spahn, Olga Blum GP IEEE TI High-Speed MEMS Micromirror Switching SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report a high-speed MEMS micromirror that switches in 225 ns using 22 V. Switch repetition rates of up to 100 kHz have been demonstrated. These performance characteristics significantly extend the application space of micromirrors. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Nielson, Gregory N.; Olsson, Roy H., III; Resnick, Paul R.; Spahn, Olga Blum] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1080, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnniels@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000093 ER PT B AU He, F Price, JHV Malinowski Piper Ibsen, M Richardson, DJ Dawson, JW Siders, CW Britten, J Barty, CPJ AF He, F. Price, J. H. V. Malinowski Piper Ibsen, M. Richardson, D. J. Dawson, J. W. Siders, C. W. Britten, J. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI High Average Power, High Energy, Femto-second Fiber Chirped Pulse Amplification System SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER SYSTEMS AB We have demonstrated an Yb-fiber laser system incorporating a CFBG stretcher, bandwidth optimised amplifiers and dielectric grating compressor. The system produced 135 W average power with pulse energy of 13.5 mu J. The recompressed pulse duration was 360 fs. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [He, F.; Price, J. H. V.; Malinowski; Piper; Ibsen, M.; Richardson, D. J.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dawson, J. W.; Siders, C. W.; Britten, J.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP He, F (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM feh@orc.soton.ac.uk RI Richardson, David/N-5129-2014 OI Richardson, David/0000-0002-4092-6970 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000182 ER PT B AU Fischer, AJ Mont, F Kim, JK Schubert, EF Koleske, DD Crawford, MH AF Fischer, Arthur J. Mont, Frank Kim, Jong Kyu Schubert, E. Fred Koleske, Daniel D. Crawford, Mary H. GP IEEE TI Enhanced light-extraction from InGaN quantum wells using refractive-index-matched TiO2 SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID COATINGS AB Enhancement of the overall luminescence efficiency in InGaN quantum wells by increasing the light-extraction efficiency is demonstrated by lateral patterning of refractive-index-matched TiO2 films on InGaN quantum well samples. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Fischer, Arthur J.; Koleske, Daniel D.; Crawford, Mary H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mont, Frank; Kim, Jong Kyu; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Fischer, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ajfisch@sandia.gov RI Mont, Frank/G-7344-2011 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 538 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000271 ER PT B AU Watts, MR Shaw, MJ Nielson, GN Wright, JB Westlake, K Brener, I Rienstra, JL McCormick, FB AF Watts, Michael R. Shaw, Michael J. Nielson, Gregory N. Wright, Jeremy B. Westlake, Karl Brener, Igal Rienstra, Jeffery L. McCormick, Frederick B. GP IEEE TI Thermal Microphotonic Focal Plane Array (TM-FPA) for Uncooled High Sensitivity Thermal Imaging SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report on a new microphotonic technique for high-sensitivity, uncooled, thermal imaging. The technique, based on the massive thermo-optic effect in thermally isolated microresonators offers potential for significantly higher sensitivity than bolometric techniques. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Watts, Michael R.; Shaw, Michael J.; Nielson, Gregory N.; Wright, Jeremy B.; Westlake, Karl; Brener, Igal; Rienstra, Jeffery L.; McCormick, Frederick B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Watts, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwatts@sandia.gov RI Wright, Jeremy/G-7149-2011 OI Wright, Jeremy/0000-0001-6861-930X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 747 EP 748 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000376 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Padilla, WJ Zide, JMO Gossard, AC Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Chen, Hou-Tong Padilla, Willie J. Zide, Joshua M. O. Gossard, Arthur C. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Switch/Modulator Based on Metamaterials SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Real-time control of terahertz metamaterial has been experimentally demonstrated through an electrical approach. The THz switching and modulation capabilities are realized by the external voltage bias to a planar hybrid metamaterial-semiconductor structure. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Averitt, Richard D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Zide, Joshua M. O.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 773 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000389 ER PT B AU O'Hara, JF Smirnova, E Chen, HT Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Highstrete, C Lee, M Padilla, WJ AF O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya Chen, Hou-Tong Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Highstrete, Clark Lee, Mark Padilla, Willie J. GP IEEE TI Properties of Novel Terahertz Electric Metamaterials SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Planar electric metamaterials are studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission and reflection. Energy absorption of 5-20% due to Ohmic losses within the metal patterning is observed at resonant frequencies. Finite-element simulations verify experimental results. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [O'Hara, John F.; Smirnova, Evgenya; Chen, Hou-Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Averitt, Richard D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Highstrete, Clark; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM johara@lanl.gov RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 775 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000390 ER PT B AU Rivier, S Mateos, X Petrov, V Griebner, U Romanyuk, YE Borca, CN Gardillou, F Pollnau, M AF Rivier, Simon Mateos, Xavier Petrov, Valentin Griebner, Uwe Romanyuk, Yaroslav E. Borca, Camelia N. Gardillou, Florent Pollnau, Markus GP IEEE TI KY(WO4)(2):Tm3+ planar waveguide laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID EFFICIENT; 2-MU-M; YB AB Waveguide lasing of monoclinic KY(WO4)(2):Tm3+ grown by liquid-phase epitaxy is demonstrated in the 2 mu m spectral range. The maximum continuous-wave output power achieved was 32 mW in the fundamental mode. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Rivier, Simon; Mateos, Xavier; Petrov, Valentin; Griebner, Uwe] Max Born Inst Nonlinear Optic & Ultrafast Spect, 2A Max Born Str, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Romanyuk, Yaroslav E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borca, Camelia N.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gardillou, Florent] Teem Photon SA, F-38240 Meylan, France. [Pollnau, Markus] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Rivier, S (reprint author), Max Born Inst Nonlinear Optic & Ultrafast Spect, 2A Max Born Str, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM griebner@mbi-berlin.de NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 855 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000430 ER PT B AU Lee, AWM Qin, Q Kumar, S Williams, BS Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Lee, Alan Wei Min Qin, Qi Kumar, Sushil Williams, Benjamin S. Hu, Qing Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI High-Power Metal-Metal Waveguide Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Laser with a Hyperhemispherical Lens SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate an similar to 85 mW (pulsed, 5 K), metal-metal waveguide, terahertz quantum-cascade laser using an optically coupled lens. The device has a FWHM of similar to 6 Deg. and a maximum pulsed operating temperature of 155 K. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, Alan Wei Min; Qin, Qi; Kumar, Sushil; Williams, Benjamin S.; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, AWM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM awmlee@mit.edu RI Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 953 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000479 ER PT B AU Prasankumar, RP Attaluri, RS Averitt, PD Stintz, A Krishna, S Taylor, AJ AF Prasankumar, R. P. Attaluri, R. S. Averitt, P. D. Stintz, A. Krishna, S. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs Quantum-Dots-in-a-Well Photodetector SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID DETECTOR AB Differential transmission spectroscopy is used to measure carrier dynamics in a quantum-dots-in-a-well heterostructure. This provides fundamental insight into carrier relaxation from three to two to zero dimensions and has significant implications for dots-in-a-well-based mid-infrared photodetectors. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Prasankumar, R. P.; Averitt, P. D.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Attaluri, R. S.; Stintz, A.; Krishna, S.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, EECE Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 979 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000492 ER PT B AU Waldmueller, I Chow, WW Wanke, MC AF Waldmueller, I. Chow, W. W. Wanke, M. C. GP IEEE TI Optically-assisted electrically-driven THz generation - a new approach for efficient THz Quantum Cascade Lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB The proposed optically-assisted electrically-driven laser keeps the advantages of optical conversion while overcoming its constraints by recycling the pump photons yielding conversion ef ciencies exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit and a path to room temperature THz generation. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Waldmueller, I.; Chow, W. W.; Wanke, M. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waldmueller, I (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM iwaldmu@sandia.gov RI Montano, Ines/I-7497-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1045 EP 1046 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000525 ER PT B AU Kim, KY Yellampalle, B Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, G AF Kim, K. Y. Yellampalle, B. Glownia, J. H. Taylor, A. J. Rodriguez, G. GP IEEE TI Intense Coherent THz Pulse Generation by Two-Color Photoionization in Air SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Intense coherent terahertz radiation via two-color photoionization in air is examined experimentally and interpreted as a photocurrent effect by the symmetry-broken laser field. THz power scalability is also tested experimentally. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, K. Y.; Yellampalle, B.; Glownia, J. H.; Taylor, A. J.; Rodriguez, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kykim@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1155 EP 1156 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001017 ER PT B AU Shen, YZ Watanabe, T Arena, D Carr, GL Kao, CC Murphy, JB Tsang, TY Wang, XJ AF Shen, Yuzhen Watanabe, Takahiro Arena, Dario Carr, G. L. Kao, Chi-chang Murphy, James B. Tsang, Thomas Y. Wang, Xijie GP IEEE TI Strong THz-Field-Induced Nonlinear Optical Effects in Electro-Optical Crystals SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate that time-dependent electric field associated with intense single-cycle THz pulses can induce nonlinear phase modulation in electro-optical crystals, leading to spectral shift, broadening and modulation of co-propagating laser pulses. C1 [Shen, Yuzhen; Watanabe, Takahiro; Arena, Dario; Carr, G. L.; Kao, Chi-chang; Murphy, James B.; Tsang, Thomas Y.; Wang, Xijie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shen, YZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1157 EP 1158 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001018 ER PT B AU Lee, AWM Qin, Q Kumar, S Williams, BS Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Lee, Alan Wei Min Qin, Qi Kumar, Sushil Williams, Benjamin S. Hu, Qing Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI Real-Time, Transmission-Mode, Terahertz Imaging Over a 25-meter Distance SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate transmission-mode imaging over a 25 meter distance using a similar to 4.9-THz quantum-cascade laser, frequency-optimized for a low-loss (similar to 0.5 dB/m) atmospheric window. The similar to 17-mW peak power allows real-time imaging with a 320x240 element microbolometer camera. (C)2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, Alan Wei Min; Qin, Qi; Kumar, Sushil; Williams, Benjamin S.; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, AWM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM awmlee@mit.edu RI Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1310 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001095 ER PT B AU Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Gerginov, V Le Coq, Y Mbele, V Oates, CW Ortega, D Tanner, CE Hollberg, L AF Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. Gerginov, V. Le Coq, Y. Mbele, V. Oates, C. W. Ortega, D. Tanner, C. E. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI High-Resolution Spectroscopy with Femtosecond Optical Combs SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER AB A stabilized femtosecond frequency comb has similar to 10(6) stable optical modes spanning hundreds of terahertz, making it an ideal tool for high-resolution spectroscopy. We demonstrate some features of frequency-comb spectroscopy using experiments involving calcium and cesium. C1 [Stalnaker, J. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Gerginov, V.; Le Coq, Y.; Mbele, V.; Oates, C. W.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fortier, T. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, P 23 Phys Div MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mbele, V.] CSIR, NML, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [Ortega, D.] State Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, BR-13080973 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Tanner, C. E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Stalnaker, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1343 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001112 ER PT B AU Toliver, P Runser, RJ Chapuran, TE Goodman, MS Jackel, J McNown, S Hughes, RJ Peterson, CG McCabe, K Nordholt, JE Tyagi, K Hiskett, P Dallman, N AF Toliver, P. Runser, R. J. Chapuran, T. E. Goodman, M. S. Jackel, J. McNown, S. Hughes, R. J. Peterson, C. G. McCabe, K. Nordholt, J. E. Tyagi, K. Hiskett, P. Dallman, N. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of 1550 nm QKD with ROADM-based DWDM Networking and the Impact of Fiber FWM SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate compatibility of 1550 nm QKD with a MEMS-based ROADM and also show that four-wave mixing resulting from copropagating DWDM signals can become the dominant source of background noise within the QKD channel passband. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Toliver, P.; Runser, R. J.; Chapuran, T. E.; Goodman, M. S.; Jackel, J.] Telcordia Technol, 331 Newman Springs Rd, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. [Runser, R. J.; McNown, S.] Lab TelCommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hughes, R. J.; Peterson, C. G.; McCabe, K.; Nordholt, J. E.; Tyagi, K.; Hiskett, P.; Dallman, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Toliver, P (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, 331 Newman Springs Rd, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. EM ptoliver@research.telcordia.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1387 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001134 ER PT B AU Hernandez, VJ Mendez, AJ Gagliardi, RM Bennett, CV AF Hernandez, V. J. Mendez, A. J. Gagliardi, R. M. Bennett, C. V. GP IEEE TI Design of a Virtual Quadrant Receiver for 4-ary Pulse Position Modulation/Optical Code Division Multiple Access (4-ary PPM/O-CDMA) SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTICAL-CDMA AB We propose a virtual quadrant receiver for 4-ary PPM/O-CDMA. Numerical simulations determine the impact of multi-access interference and optical beat interference oil correct symbol detection versus the number of concurrent, asynchronous users. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Hernandez, V. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mendez, A. J.] Mendez R&D Associate, El Segundo, CA USA. [Hernandez, V. J.; Bennett, C. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gagliardi, R. M.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hernandez, VJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vjhernandez@ucdavis.edu RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 FU DARPA under SBIR Phase II Adoption [W31P4Q-05-C-R161]; joint collaboration between Mendez R&D Associates and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under CRADA [TC-2051-02]; U.S. Dept. of Energy by the University of California; LLNL [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was supported in part by DARPA under SBIR Phase II Adoption Contract W31P4Q-05-C-R161. The joint collaboration between Mendez R&D Associates and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was carried out under CRADA TC-2051-02. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy by the University of California, LLNL, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1395 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001138 ER PT B AU Wilcox, RB Staples, JW AF Wilcox, R. B. Staples, J. W. GP IEEE TI Synchronizing Lasers Over Fiber by Transmitting Continuous Waves SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We have developed an interferometric method of delivering optical phase information over kilometers of fiber with sub-10fs long term stability. This enables temporal synchronization of pulsed lasers by transmission of CW signals. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Wilcox, R. B.; Staples, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilcox, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rbwilcox@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1459 EP 1460 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001170 ER PT B AU Kliner, DAV AF Kliner, Dahv A. V. GP IEEE TI Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers for Spectroscopic Trace-Gas Detection SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Advantages and limitations of fiber-based laser systems for trace-gas detection will be reviewed. I will present example applications and instruments for in situ and remote detection at wavelengths from the mid-IR through the deep-UV. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dakline@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1536 EP 1536 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001209 ER PT B AU Bennett, CV Moran, BD Langrock, C Fejer, MM Ibsen, M AF Bennett, Corey V. Moran, Bryan D. Langrock, Carsten Fejer, M. M. Ibsen, Morten GP IEEE TI Guided-Wave Temporal Imaging Based Ultrafast Recorders SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID PRINCIPLES AB Guided-wave parametric temporal imaging is demonstrated with 1.8 ps resolution and 1000: 1 dynamic range. Waveforms are -30.1 x time magnified before recording single-shot on a streak camera, and on a real-time oscilloscope repeating at MHz rates. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Bennett, Corey V.; Moran, Bryan D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Langrock, Carsten; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bennett, CV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM CVBennett@LLNL.gov RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1583 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001233 ER PT B AU Yellampalle, B Chia, EEM Kim, KY Veritt, RD Taylor, J AF Yellampalle, B. Chia, E. E. M. Kim, K. Y. Veritt, R. D. Taylor, J. GP IEEE TI Complex-pulse characterization using a one dimensional scheme SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID CHIRP MEASUREMENT; SPECTRUM AB We show that complex pulses can be measured using intensity autocorrelation, fundamental and second harmonic spectra (or with the first and second order interferometric autocorrelations). Our approach also differentiates pulses with indistinguishable autocorrelation and fundamental spectrum. C1 [Yellampalle, B.; Chia, E. E. M.; Kim, K. Y.; Veritt, R. D.; Taylor, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM kishore@lanl.gov RI Chia, Elbert/B-6996-2011 OI Chia, Elbert/0000-0003-2066-0834 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1593 EP 1594 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001238 ER PT B AU Lehman, J Hurst, KE Radojevic, AM Dillon, AC Osgood, RM AF Lehman, John Hurst, Katherine E. Radojevic, Antonije M. Dillon, Anne C. Osgood, Richard M., Jr. GP IEEE TI Thin Film Pyrolectric Detector Coated With Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Absorptivity and Frequency Response SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; FABRICATION; LINBO3 AB The spectral responsivity (600 nm to 1800 nm) of a pyroelectric detector fabricated from crystal ion slicing (CIS) is enhanced by a MWNT coating without substantial penalty to the low-frequency response (4 to 100 Hz). Contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to Copyright. C1 [Lehman, John; Hurst, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Radojevic, Antonije M.] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Osgood, Richard M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1690 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001287 ER PT B AU Yellampalle, B Kim, KY Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, B. Kim, K. Y. Rodriguez, G. Glownia, J. H. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Revisiting chirped probe pulse electro-optic terahertz detection SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB The correct equation for terahertz pulse detection schemes employing a chirped optical probe pulse is derived and experimentally verified. The derived equation differs from the conventional expression through a phase factor. C1 [Yellampalle, B.; Kim, K. Y.; Rodriguez, G.; Glownia, J. H.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM kishore@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2290 EP 2291 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001590 ER PT B AU Kim, KY Yellampalle, B Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH AF Kim, K. Y. Yellampalle, B. Taylor, A. J. Rodriguez, G. Glownia, J. H. GP IEEE TI Single-shot THz Pulse Characterization with Dual Echelons SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Dual echelon optics is implemented to enable single-shot terahertz pulse characterization. This reported embodiment produces sequentially delayed multi-beamlets allowing two-dimensional electro-optic imaging with a time window of >10 ps and <25 fs temporal step size. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, K. Y.; Yellampalle, B.; Taylor, A. J.; Rodriguez, G.; Glownia, J. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kykim@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2300 EP 2301 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001595 ER PT B AU Kumar, S Williams, BS Qin, Q Lee, IWM Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Kumar, Sushil Williams, Benjamin S. Qin, Qi Lee, Ian W. M. Hu, Qing Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI Single-Mode Surface-Emitting Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers Operating up to similar to 150 K SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report robust single-mode operation of surface-emitting distributed-feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides. Grating devices span a range of 0.35THz around 2.9THz, with 149K maximum pulsed operating temperature, and >6mW continuous-wave power at 5K. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Kumar, Sushil; Williams, Benjamin S.; Qin, Qi; Lee, Ian W. M.; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kumar, Sushil; Williams, Benjamin S.; Qin, Qi; Lee, Ian W. M.; Hu, Qing] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sushil@mit.edu RI Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 FU AFOSR; NASA; NSF.Sandia; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by AFOSR, NASA, and NSF.Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company , for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2358 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001624 ER PT B AU Moses, EI AF Moses, Edward I. GP IEEE TI MegaJoule NIF SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Commissioning of the first 48 of 192 laser beams at the National Ignition Facility has resulted in the first-ever operational MegaJoule laser. A review of the laser performance and experimental campaign plans will be presented. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Mail Code L-466,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2371 EP 2372 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001632 ER PT B AU Liu, X Trebino, R Smith, AV AF Liu, Xuan Trebino, Rick Smith, Arlee V. GP IEEE TI Numerical Simulations of the Ultrasimple Ultrashort-Laser-Pulse Measurement Technique, GRENOUILLE SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Our simulations show that accurate GRENOUILLE measurements are easily obtained. The FROG algorithm further improves performance because it "sees through" distortions. We also obtain GRENOUILLE's spectral response, allowing spectral deconvolution for even better performance. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Xuan; Trebino, Rick] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, Arlee V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM xuan.liu@mail.gatech.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2432 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001665 ER PT B AU Bender, DA Hasselbeck, MP Sheik-Bahae, M Yellampalle, B Taylor, AJ AF Bender, D. A. Hasselbeck, M. P. Sheik-Bahae, M. Yellampalle, B. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Ultrashort pulse electric-field reconstruction using only one autocorrelator SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID CHIRP MEASUREMENT; SPECTRUM AB Full-field reconstruction of ultrashort laser pulses can be obtained using Modified-spectrum auto-interferometric correlation (MOSAIC) traces and the pulse spectrum. This technique is implemented using only a single interferometric autocorrelator. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Bender, D. A.; Hasselbeck, M. P.; Sheik-Bahae, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Yellampalle, B.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bender, DA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dnbender@unm.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2434 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001666 ER PT B AU Thorsmolle, VK Averitt, RD Shibauchi, T Hundley, MF Taylor, AJ AF Thorsmolle, V. K. Averitt, R. D. Shibauchi, T. Hundley, M. F. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Coupling-decoupling Crossover in the Current-driven Vortex State in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 Probed by the Josephson Plasma Resonance SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LATTICE; PHASE AB Employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we have measured the Josephson plasma resonance in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 high-T-c thin films; and studied the current-driven coupling-decoupling crossover in the driven vortex lattice. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Thorsmolle, V. K.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Averitt, R. D.; Hundley, M. F.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shibauchi, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Thorsmolle, VK (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM verner.thorsmolle@epfl.ch RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2464 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001681 ER PT B AU Coffee, RN Bucksbaum, PH Fang, L Gibson, GN AF Coffee, Ryan N. Bucksbaum, Phil H. Fang, Li Gibson, George N. GP IEEE TI Direct Dissociation and Laser Modulated Predissociation of N-2(+) SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We compare the dissociation energy of N-2(+) in 800 nm and 400 nm ultrafast laser fields. This comparison not only exposes multiphoton resonance but also reveals ionization into a Floquet manifold. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Coffee, Ryan N.; Bucksbaum, Phil H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Mail Stop 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fang, Li; Gibson, George N.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Coffee, RN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,Mail Stop 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM coffee@slac.stanford.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2468 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001683 ER PT B AU Krishnaswami, K Bernacki, B Cannon, B Phillips, M Ho, N Allen, P Anheier, N AF Krishnaswami, Kannan Bernacki, Bruce Cannon, Bret Phillips, Mark Ho, Nicolas Allen, Paul Anheier, Norman GP IEEE TI Beam Characteristics of Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report divergence, astigmatism and M(2) measurements for 8.77 mu m quantum cascade lasers. Measurements showed divergence of 62 degrees by 32 degrees FWHM +/- 2 degrees and M(2) values of 1.81 and 1.22 for the fast and slow axes respectively. Astigmatism at source was similar to 4 mu m, less than half a wave. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Krishnaswami, Kannan; Bernacki, Bruce; Cannon, Bret; Phillips, Mark; Ho, Nicolas; Allen, Paul; Anheier, Norman] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krishnaswami, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kannan.krishnaswami@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2512 EP 2513 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001705 ER PT B AU Zinovev, AV Moore, JF Pellin, MJ Veryovkin, IV AF Zinovev, A. V. Moore, J. F. Pellin, M. J. Veryovkin, I. V. GP IEEE TI The Application of Laser-Driven Acoustic Waves in Modern Mass Spectrometry SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB The generation of the acoustic vibration of laser back-irradiated thin metal foils and their influence on desorption of organic molecules from the foil's front surface were studied. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Zinovev, A. V.; Pellin, M. J.; Veryovkin, I. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moore, J. F.] MassThink, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. RP Zinovev, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU U.S. Department of Energy; BES-Materials Sciences [DEAC02- 06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences, under Contract DEAC02- 06CH11357. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2608 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001753 ER PT B AU Jovanovic, I Brown, C Haefner, C Shverdin, M Taranowski, M Barty, CPJ AF Jovanovic, I. Brown, C. Haefner, C. Shverdin, M. Taranowski, M. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI High-dynamic-range, 200-ps window, single-shot cross-correlator for ultrahigh intensity laser characterization SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A novel high-dynamic-range cross-correlator is presented that enables single-shot characterization of pulse contrast for ultrahigh intensity lasers in the temporal region up to 200 ps. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Jovanovic, I.; Brown, C.; Haefner, C.; Shverdin, M.; Taranowski, M.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Programs Directorate, Photon Sci & Applicat Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Programs Directorate, Photon Sci & Applicat Program, Mail Code L-470,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jovanovic1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2688 EP 2689 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001793 ER PT B AU Dyer, G Cho, B Bernstein, A Ditmire, T Shepherd, R Chen, H Ping, Y Patel, PK Elberson, L AF Dyer, G. Cho, B. Bernstein, A. Ditmire, T. Shepherd, Ronnie Chen, Hui Ping, Yuan Patel, Pravesh K. Elberson, Lee GP IEEE TI Single-shot time resolved expansion and emission measurements of proton-heated warm dense matter SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report the simultaneous, single shot, time-resolved measurements of self-emission and free expansion of aluminum isochorically heated by laser generated MeV protons. In this way we measure the equation of state along an isochore. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Dyer, G.; Cho, B.; Bernstein, A.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shepherd, Ronnie; Chen, Hui; Ping, Yuan; Patel, Pravesh K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Elberson, Lee] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dyer, G (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gilliss@physics.utexas.edu RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2713 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001807 ER PT B AU Ditmire, T Symes, D Edens, A Osterhoff, J Faustlin, R Maurer, M Moore, AS Bernstein, AC AF Ditmire, T. Symes, D. Edens, A. Osterhoff, J. Faeustlin, R. Maurer, M. Moore, A. S. Bernstein, A. C. GP IEEE TI Laboratory Simulations of Astrophysical Blastwaves Using Intense Laser Interactions SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Using high energy nanosecond and femtosecond lasers, we have studied the hydrodynamics of high Mach number, laser-driven radiative blast waves. These waves can be used to study various astrophysically relevant hydrodynamic phenomena and instabilities. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Ditmire, T.; Symes, D.; Osterhoff, J.; Faeustlin, R.; Maurer, M.; Bernstein, A. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Edens, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Program, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ditmire, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2717 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001809 ER PT B AU Kim, KY Glownia, JH Yellampalle, B Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, G AF Kim, K. Y. Glownia, J. H. Yellampalle, B. Taylor, A. J. Rodriguez, G. GP IEEE TI Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Warm Dense Matter with Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID SIMPLE METAL; RESISTIVITY; ALUMINUM AB The quasi-DC electrical conductivity of warm dense matter is directly measured with terahertz-probe reflection spectroscopy. The measurements show a noticeable deviation from the Drude model in warm dense aluminum. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, K. Y.; Glownia, J. H.; Yellampalle, B.; Taylor, A. J.; Rodriguez, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kykim@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2737 EP 2738 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001819 ER PT B AU Kelley, MJ Zhu, ZM AF Kelley, Michael J. Zhu, Zhengmao GP IEEE TI Practical Anti-Microbial Surfaces on Nylon and Polyester by UV Photochemistry SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Surface radicals generated by 193 nm (nylon) or 172 nm (PET) UV light afford strongly antimicrobial amine functionality by grafting or by transformation. They are broadly effective in the lab and significantly viable in the field. C1 [Kelley, Michael J.; Zhu, Zhengmao] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Kelley, MJ (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. EM mkelley@jlab.org FU U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2775 EP 2775 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001844 ER PT B AU Neplocha, J Chavarria-Miranda, D Tipparaju, V Zuang, H Marquez, A AF Neplocha, J. Chavarria-Miranda, D. Tipparaju, V. Zuang, H. Marquez, A. GP IEEE TI A parallel WLS state estimator on shared memory computers SO 2007 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS IPEC, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IPEC 2007 Meeting CY DEC 03-06, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE DE weighted least square state estimation; sparse linear equation solvers; conjugate gradient methods; parallel processing; shared memory architectures AB This paper describes our experience with developing a parallel weighted- least-square (WLS) state estimation (SE) program for shared-memory parallel computers. Since the key computational kernel of the WLS algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson approach is a solver of sparse linear equations, a significant part of our effort was focused on selecting, implementing and evaluating this algorithm. An optimized shared memory version of the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm was found to be competitive to state-of-the-art implementation of LU solvers for the SE problem on the SGI Altix, a shared memory architecture. We also ported the full SE algorithm including CG to the Cray MTA-2 shared memory multithreaded architecture and investigated its performance. C1 [Neplocha, J.; Chavarria-Miranda, D.; Tipparaju, V.; Zuang, H.; Marquez, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Neplocha, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-05-9423-7 PY 2007 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHW65 UT WOS:000257065300072 ER PT B AU Bennett, CV AF Bennett, Corey V. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast time scale transformation and recording utilizing parametric temporal imaging SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID MAGNIFICATION; PRINCIPLES; MICROSCOPE; LENS AB Parametric temporal imaging enables real time transformation of ultrafast waveforms to a time scale accessible by convention recording instruments. Principles and the development of this technology will be reviewed along with recent experimental results. C1 [Bennett, Corey V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bennett, CV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 180 EP 181 DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288392 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000092 ER PT B AU Jimison, LH Rivnay, J Toney, MF Salleo, A AF Jimison, L. H. Rivnay, J. Toney, M. F. Salleo, A. GP IEEE TI Microstructure, charge transport and trapping in anisotropic polymeric thin film transistors SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID SOLIDIFICATION C1 [Jimison, L. H.; Rivnay, J.; Salleo, A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toney, M. F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Jimison, LH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Department of Defense through a NDSEG Graduate Fellowship; NSF [DMR- 0645488] FX LHJ was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. JR was supported by the Department of Defense through a NDSEG Graduate Fellowship. This work was partially supported by NSF under grant number DMR- 0645488. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 206 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288405 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000105 ER PT B AU Gorinsky, S Jechlitschek, C Rao, NSV AF Gorinsky, Sergey Jechlitschek, Christoph Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI A network architecture for large-scale science SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm ID INTERNET; TIME AB Within the framework of the Diversified Internet where architecturally different metanetworks coexist on a shared communication substrate, we present a Large-scale Scientific Metanetwork (LSM) designated for special communication needs of large-scale science. LSM emphasizes performance and security over horizontal scalability and offers two services to users: prompt-delivery service for quick transfers of bulk data and assured-capacity service for applications that require delay or rate guarantees. The prompt-delivery service relies on message-grained scheduling to provide near-minimal average message delay while treating each individual message fairly. In support of the assured-capacity service, LSM maintains differential tree data structures to store and update advance reservations of communication capacities. Explicit accounting for real-world entities involved in communications forms a basis for secure capacity allocation in LSM. C1 [Gorinsky, Sergey; Jechlitschek, Christoph] Washington Univ, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1045, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gorinsky, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1045, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM gorinsky@arl.wustl.edu; chrisj@arl.wustl.edu; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290535 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300001 ER PT B AU LaMarche, BL Hopkins, DF Hughes, CO McKenna, T Fulp, EW AF LaMarche, B. L. Hopkins, D. F. Hughes, C. O. McKenna, T. Fulp, E. W. GP IEEE TI A network layer for teleoperations in high speed environments SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm AB Teleoperation systems allow an operator to control a device at a remote location via a network. System stability is highly dependent on data loss and delay since command messages and the associated device feedback must remain synchronized. Several network protocols are available for teleoperation; however, none is exactly suitable for transmitting the variety of information (e.g. commands, video, and force feedback) needed by advance teleoperation systems. Furthermore, maintaining synchronization is more problematic in a high speed environment since end systems are the primary source of loss and delay. This paper introduces a new network layer designed to control remote devices in a high speed environment. Unlike previous teleoperation approaches, the proposed layer separates control and feedback into separate channels. As a result, multiple feedback channels are possible (e.g. video and force) where each channel can use the transport protocol best suited for its data (e.g. RTP for video). These channels are managed by the new layer ensuring flow control is provided between the operator and the remote device; therefore, different remote control approaches (event and predicted based) are supported. Furthermore, the proposed layer is lightweight and requires no changes to the networking infrastructure since it is only implemented at the end systems (operator and remote device). Experimental results showing the control of a microscope over an 10 Gbps network will demonstrate the teleoperation layer can easily manage communications in a high speed environment. C1 [LaMarche, B. L.; Hopkins, D. F.; Hughes, C. O.; McKenna, T.; Fulp, E. W.] Compound & Informat Sci, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fulp, E. W.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP LaMarche, BL (reprint author), Compound & Informat Sci, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290537 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300003 ER PT B AU Liu, Q Ghani, N Rao, NSV Lehman, T AF Liu, Q. Ghani, N. Rao, N. S. V. Lehman, T. GP IEEE TI Multi-domain multi-granularity service provisioning in hybrid DWDM/SONET networks SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm DE multi-domain networks; optical networks; GMPLS; inter-domain DWDM routing; topology abstraction; full wavelength conversion AB This paper investigates the important area of service provisioning in multi-domain hybrid DWDM/SONET networks. Although inter-domain provisioning has been well-studied for packet/cell-switching networks, the wavelength and timeslot dimensions pose many challenges. To address these concerns, a detailed GMPLS-based hierarchical OSPF-TE routing is proposed to facilitate inter-domain service provisioning. Namely inter-domain OSPF-TE routing is used to adapt topology abstraction to hide internal domain state so as to resolve routing scalability and security issues. To test this concept, a novel full-mesh topology abstraction scheme is developed for full wavelength conversion DWDM networks. Related inter-domain lightpath RWA and signaling schemes are also tabled. Performance analysis results are then presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms and discussions presented for mixed SONET-DWDM grooming networks. C1 [Liu, Q.; Ghani, N.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Rao, N. S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Mathmat Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lehman, T.] Univ Southern Calif, Inst Sci Informat, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 26 EP + DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290540 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300006 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Wing, WR Wu, QS Ghani, N Liu, Q Lehman, T Guok, CP Dart, E AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Wing, William. R. Wu, Qishi Ghani, Nasir Liu, Qing Lehman, Tom Guok, Chin P. Dart, Eli GP IEEE TI Measurements on hybrid dedicated bandwidth connections SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm AB To meet the data transport demands of large-scale applications, several research and production networks now offer dedicated connections between client subnets or hosts. Such dedicated connections can be provisioned using two fundamentally different technologies: (i) SONET or Ethernet connections over switched networks; and (ii) MPLS tunnels over routed networks. Since these two options represent significantly different cost-benefit trade-offs, performance comparison between the connections provisioned using them is essential to making deployment decisions. We compare 1Gbps dedicated connections with lengths up to several thousand miles over UltraScience Net and ESnet, wherein the dedicated connections are implemented as SONET connections and MPLS tunnels, respectively. In terms of bandwidth measurements, throughput profiles, file transfer rates and message delays, both types of connections offer comparable performances. Furthermore, these performance parameters are preserved when hybrid connections are composed by concatenating SONET connections and MPLS tunnels using VLANs implemented on them. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Wing, William. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Ghani, Nasir; Liu, Qing] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Lehman, Tom] Univ Southern Calif, Informat Sci Inst East, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Guok, Chin P.; Dart, Eli] ESnet, Network Engn Serv Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.edu; wrw@ornl.edu; qishiwu@memphis.edu; nghani@tntech.edu; qliu@tntech.edu; tlehman@isi.edu; chin@es.net; dart@es.net OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC; National Science Foundation [ANI-0335185] FX This research is sponsored by the High Performance Networking Program of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and by National Science Foundation Under Grant No. ANI-0335185. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 41 EP + DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290543 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300009 ER PT B AU Bresnahan, J Kettimuthu, R Link, M Foster, I AF Bresnahan, John Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Link, Mike Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Harnessing multicore processors for high-speed secure transfer SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm DE secure data transfer; GridFTP; encryption; parallel streams AB A growing need for ultra-high-speed data transfers has motivated continued improvements in the transmission speeds of the physical network layer. As researchers develop protocols and software to operate over such networks, they often fail to account for security. The processing power required to encrypt or sign packets of data can significantly decrease transfer rates, and thus security is often sacrificed for throughput. Emerging multicore processors provide a higher ratio of CPUs to network interfaces and can, in principle, be used to accelerate encrypted transfers by applying multiple processing and network resources to a single transfer. We discuss the attributes that network protocols and software must have to exploit such systems. In particular, we study how these attributes may be applied in the GridFTP code distributed with the Globus Toolkit. GridFTP is a well-accepted and robust protocol for high-speed data transfer. It has been shown to scale to near-network speeds. While GridFTP can provide encrypted and protected data transfers, it historically suffers transfer performance penalties when these features are enabled. We present configurations to the Globus GridFTP server that can achieve fully encrypted high-speed data transfers. C1 [Bresnahan, John; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Link, Mike; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bresnahan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI 张, 红/F-9916-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290546 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300012 ER PT B AU Lehman, T Yang, X Guok, CP Rao, NSV Lake, A Vollbrecht, J Ghani, N AF Lehman, Tom Yang, Xi Guok, Chin P. Rao, Nageswara S. V. Lake, Andy Vollbrecht, John Ghani, Nasir GP IEEE TI Control plane architecture and design considerations for multi-service, multi-layer, multi-domain hybrid networks SO 2007 HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High-Speed Networks Workshop CY MAY 11, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP US DOE, IEEE TCHSN, IEEE Opt Networking Tech Comm C1 [Lehman, Tom; Yang, Xi] Univ Southern Calif, Informat Sci Inst E, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Guok, Chin P.] ESnet, Network Engn Serv Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lake, Andy; Vollbrecht, John] Univ Corp Adv Internet Dev, Internet 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Ghani, Nasir] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Lehman, T (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Informat Sci Inst E, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM tlehman@isi.edu; xyang@isi.edu; chin@es.net; raons@ornl.gov; alake@intemet2.edu; jrv@intemet2.edu; nghani@tntech.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU High Performance Networking Program of the Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research is sponsored by the High Performance Networking Program of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1580-9 PY 2007 BP 67 EP + DI 10.1109/HSNW.2007.4290549 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ36 UT WOS:000257654300015 ER PT B AU Solano, I Reichenbach, B Holland, CE Chichester, DL Hertz, KL Brainard, JA Schwoebel, PR AF Solano, I. Reichenbach, B. Holland, C. E. Chichester, D. L. Hertz, K. L. Brainard, J. A. Schwoebel, P. R. GP IEEE TI Field desorption arrays for neutron generator ion sources SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Solano, I.; Holland, C. E.; Schwoebel, P. R.] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Solano, I.; Reichenbach, B.; Schwoebel, P. R.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chichester, D. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hertz, K. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brainard, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Solano, I (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500016 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Cahay, M Montgomery, EJ AF Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. Moody, N. A. Cahay, M. Montgomery, E. J. GP IEEE TI Development of a general thermal-field-photoemission model and its relation to current density, emittance, and beam brightness SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Jensen, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; O'Shea, P. G.; Montgomery, E. J.] Univ Maryland, Res Inst, Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500019 ER PT B AU Guan, YF Melechko, AV Pedraza, AJ Baylor, LR Rack, PD AF Guan, Y. F. Melechko, A. V. Pedraza, A. J. Baylor, L. R. Rack, P. D. GP IEEE TI Maskless synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) field emission arrays on a laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) template SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Guan, Y. F.; Pedraza, A. J.; Rack, P. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Melechko, A. V.; Baylor, L. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guan, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yguan@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMINER-0403444]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX YG and AJP acknowledge funding by the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMINER-0403444. PDR and AVM acknowledge that a portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 129 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500066 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Petillo, JJ Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG Moody, NA Shaw, JL Yater, JE AF Jensen, K. L. Petillo, J. J. Feldman, D. W. Montgomery, E. J. O'Shea, P. G. Moody, N. A. Shaw, J. L. Yater, J. E. GP IEEE TI Application of a general electron emission equation to surface non-uniformity and current density variation SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Jensen, K. L.; Shaw, J. L.; Yater, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, J. J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Feldman, D. W.; Montgomery, E. J.; O'Shea, P. G.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD USA. [Moody, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kljensen@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500077 ER PT B AU Baylor, LR Gardner, WL Randolph, SJ Guan, YF Rack, PD Moore, JA Ericson, MN AF Baylor, L. R. Gardner, W. L. Randolph, S. J. Guan, Y. F. Rack, P. D. Moore, J. A. Ericson, M. N. GP IEEE TI Operation of the Digital Electrostatic e-beam Array Lithography (DEAL) prototype with dose control SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Baylor, L. R.; Gardner, W. L.; Moore, J. A.; Ericson, M. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Randolph, S. J.; Guan, Y. F.; Rack, P. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM BaylorLR@ornl.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [DARPA- MIPR-97-1357]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract No. DARPA- MIPR-97-1357 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The rese arch was carried out at ORNL , managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 175 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500089 ER PT S AU Ruppel, ME Meng, Y Qin, Y Burr, DB Allen, MR Song, YF Miller, LM AF Ruppel, M. E. Meng, Y. Qin, Y. Burr, D. B. Allen, M. R. Song, Y. F. Miller, L. M. GP IEEE TI Nanometer resolution hard x-ray microscopy of bone and mineralized tissue SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID NANOINDENTATION AB Full field hard x-ray microscopy has recently been developed utilizing synchrotron light, enabling absorption and phase contrast imaging with a spatial resolution of 50 - 100 nm. This technique has allowed us to image bone tissue at the nanoscale level, viewing the substructure of mineralized collagen fibers. Thin sections of tissue (5 and 50 mu m thick) from the L3 vertebrae of Beagles and mineralizing MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts were imaged at beamline 01B1 at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). Collagen fiber orientation was observed in the lamellar structure of an osteon. Mineralizing osteoblasts were found to produce disordered mineralized nodules with varying density and structure. C1 [Ruppel, M. E.; Meng, Y.; Qin, Y.; Miller, L. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Allen, M. R.; Song, Y. F.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruppel, ME (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Allen, Matthew/A-8799-2015 OI Allen, Matthew/0000-0002-1174-9004 FU BNL Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [05-048]; NIH/NIAMS [R01 AR49286, R01 AR52379]; NIH [5R01 AR047838, 5T32AR007581]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We would like to thank Keith Condon for help with the istological preparation of the L3 vertebrae samples This study was funded by a BNL Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant (05-048), NIH/NIAMS grants R01 AR49286 and R01 AR52379, and NIH grants 5R01 AR047838 and 5T32AR007581. The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413266 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600017 ER PT S AU Boronikolas, V Michaelides, M Wang, GJ Blackband, S Grant, SC Metaxas, D Volkow, ND Thanos, PK AF Boronikolas, Vasilios Michaelides, Michael Wang, Gene-Jack Blackband, Steve Grant, Samuel C. Metaxas, Dimitris Volkow, Nora D. Thanos, Panayotis K. GP IEEE TI Brain region morphological and volumetric quantitative assessment using the 17.6T MRI in rats chronically exposed to methylphenidate SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AB Methylphenidate (MPH) is presently the primary pharmacotherapy for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It has not been determined though what impact long-term treatment with this psychostimulant would have on behavior, neurochemistry or neuroanatomy. Previous studies have shown that the striatum is a major target of MPH treatment, consistent with human MRI studies. Also previous results have shown that long term-exposure to MP in adolescent rats has produced changes in dopamine D2 receptor levels and significantly enhanced cocaine self-administration in adulthood (Thanos et al. 2004). Different animal studies imply that the effects of MPH may depend on the neural responder system whereas structural and functional parameters are improved by MPH in animals with psychomotor impairments, they remain unaltered or get worse in healthy controls. Here we measured the effects of chronic treatment (8 months) with oral MP (I or 2 mg/kg) or water, which was initiated in adolescent rats (4 weeks old). Following this treatment, rats in adulthood (9 month old) were perfused intracardially and their brains removed and imaged with a 17.6 T MRI for neuroanatomical volume assessment. C1 [Boronikolas, Vasilios; Michaelides, Michael; Wang, Gene-Jack; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blackband, Steve; Grant, Samuel C.] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Metaxas, Dimitris] Rutgers State Univ, Div Comp & Informat Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.; Thanos, Panayotis K.] NIAAA, NIH, Lab Neuroimaging, Dept Hlth & Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Boronikolas, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA; NIAAA (Intramural Research Program, LNI); U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX Support Contributed By: NIDA, NIAAA (Intramural Research Program, LNI), by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 43 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413271 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600022 ER PT S AU Hamilton, CS Ma, Y Smith, SD Benveniste, H AF Hamilton, C. S. Ma, Y. Smith, S. D. Benveniste, H. GP IEEE TI High resolution 3D in vivo mouse brain imaging at 9.4 T Bruker MRI system SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID MICROSCOPY AB This paper presents a novel approach for 3D imaging of the mouse brain in vivo at high magnetic field. High resolution 3D in vivo mouse brain images provide important information for understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in transgenic mice models, which are widely used in translational research of human diseases. Compared to ex vivo, in vivo imaging is more accurate and essential for longitudinal studies. High resolution MRI of a mouse brain in vivo is very challenging because the quality of the image is impacted by animal motion, physiological noise, MRI susceptibility and scan time limitation. Through our efforts to optimize the hardware, anesthesia technique, animal monitoring and MRI sequence design, we have achieved high quality 3D in vivo images at 100 mu m resolution, which allows for future accurate morphological studies. C1 [Hamilton, C. S.; Benveniste, H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ma, Y.; Smith, S. D.; Benveniste, H.] Dept Med, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Benveniste, H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Hamilton, CS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU NIH [R01 EB 00233-04, P41 RR16105]; National High Magnetic Field Laborator FX I would like to thank Helene Benveniste, Yu Ma and David Smith for their aid to my research. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the NIH through grants R01 EB 00233-04 and P41 RR16105 and the National High Magnetic Field Laborator. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413272 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600023 ER PT S AU Kriplani, A Schlyer, DJ Vaska, P Southekal, S Park, SJ Woody, CL Stoll, SP Junnarkar, S Pratte, JF AF Kriplani, A. Schlyer, D. J. Vaska, P. Southekal, S. Park, S. J. Woody, C. L. Stoll, S. P. Junnarkar, S. Pratte, J. F. GP IEEE TI Feasibility studies for extracting an input function for quantitative positron emission tomography using a wrist scanner SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE AB Tracer kinetic modeling techniques for quantitative Positron emission tomography (PET) require an accurately measured radiotracer concentration in arterial blood as a function of time as an input to the model (arterial input function). Since the input function (IF) is derived from blood samples from the wrist arteries, a scanner is begin devised to detect radioactivity in the wrist as a function of time and extract an IF. A prototype using two detector pairs has been evaluated. The spatial resolution, sensitivity and the masking of the arterial signal by the surrounding wrist tissue radioactivity are determined. The results show that the detector was able to discriminate the arterial and venous flows from each other using planar coincidence images. MicroPET images of the wrist show that the radioactivity from the tissue does not interfere with the arterial signal. Minimization of venous and tissue interference, optimal number and placement of the detectors are being evaluated. The two detector pair prototype was used in a routine PET study. C1 [Kriplani, A.; Southekal, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Schlyer, D. J.; Vaska, P.; Woody, C. L.; Stoll, S. P.; Junnarkar, S.; Pratte, J. F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kriplani, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy; BNL; the State University of New York at Stony Brook FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy as a collaboration between BNL and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 51 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413275 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600026 ER PT S AU Leskovjan, AC Kretlow, A Lanzirotti, A Miller, LM AF Leskovjan, A. C. Kretlow, A. Lanzirotti, A. Miller, L. M. GP IEEE TI Synchrotron-based imaging detects metal and plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID AMYLOID-BETA; ZINC AB Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves the misfolding of a normal protein, called amyloid beta, which has recently been associated with the binding of metal ions, such as iron, copper, and zinc. It is thought that metal imbalance is involved in protein misfolding and leads to oxidative damage and neuron degeneration. Yet, the functions of these metal ions and the misfolded proteins in the disease process are not well understood. In this pilot study, we used synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIRM) to image the in situ secondary structure of amyloid plaques in brain tissue from a mouse model of AD. We also examined metal ion content within these plaques using X-ray fluorescence microprobe (XRFM). We found that all plaques examined contained zinc, with higher concentrations in the center of the plaque. The iron distribution was more dispersed and the copper concentration was below the detection limit. In addition, we found increasing misfolded protein, indicated by elevated P-sheet content, from the outer rim to the core of the plaque. This suggests that zinc concentration correlates with the amount of protein misfolding. However, its exact role, as well as the role of iron and copper, remains unclear. C1 [Leskovjan, A. C.; Miller, L. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kretlow, A.] Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Kretlow, A.; Miller, L. M.] Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lanzirotti, A.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Leskovjan, AC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU National Institutes of Health [GM66873]; United States D.O.E [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM66873). The NSLS is supported by the United States D.O.E. under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors gratefully thank Bill Rao at X26A for his support with beamline operation and data collection and Stephen Cain for help with image processing. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 54 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413276 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600027 ER PT S AU Maramraju, S Stoll, S Woody, C Schlyer, D Schiffer, W Lee, D Dewey, S Vaska, P AF Maramraju, S. Stoll, S. Woody, C. Schlyer, D. Schiffer, W. Lee, D. Dewey, S. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI A LSO beta microprobe for measuring input functions for quantitative small animal PET SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID VIVO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS; INTRACEREBRAL RADIOSENSITIVE PROBE; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS AB A miniature scintillation microprobe has been developed to measure the input function in live rodents for use in longitudinal, quantitative PET studies. The probe consists of a small lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal measuring typically 0.3-0.5 mm diameter x 0.5-2 mm in length that is used to directly detect positrons in the blood or tissue. The probe has a sensitivity of 10-40 Hz/mu Ci/cc and is primarily sensitive to short range positrons emitted by labeled radiotracers in the blood. The sensitivity to gamma-ray background can be minimized using a variable threshold in the readout to discriminate between positrons and gammas. The probe was implanted in one of the tail veins of a Sprague-Dawley rat and the input function was measured for the injection of 0.8 mCi of FDG in the other tail vein. The probe exhibits a fast time response that is able to quickly and accurately measure the concentration of 18 F circulating in the bloodstream. This probe is shorter in length which makes the placement easier. C1 [Maramraju, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stoll, S.; Woody, C.; Schlyer, D.; Schiffer, W.; Lee, D.; Dewey, S.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maramraju, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU U.S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Health. FX This study was supported by U.S Department of Energy (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) under DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 and National Institute of Health. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 56 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413277 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600028 ER PT S AU Parvaz, MA Maloney, T Woicik, PA Alia-Klein, N Telang, F Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ AF Parvaz, M. A. Maloney, T. Woicik, P. A. Alia-Klein, N. Telang, F. Wang, G-J Volkow, N. D. Goldstein, R. Z. GP IEEE TI Compromised sensitivity to relative monetary reward in current cocaine addiction: evidence from the P300 SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE AB Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we previously reported compromised neural sensitivity to monetary reward in cocaine-addicted individuals as compared to control subjects. In the current study, we sought to replicate this result using the event-related potential (ERP) recordings. Given the demonstration that the P3 waveform, previously implicated in valence processing, coded for monetary value in young healthy individuals, we currently examined this effect in 18 individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) and 18 age-matched control subjects. Monetary reward (00, 10 and 450) varied across blocks of trials. Results revealed that the P3 amplitude was significantly larger for 450 than the 00 condition in the control subjects, while this gradation was absent in the CUD individuals; the behavioral results paralleled these ERP results: only the control subjects adjusted speed of response to the high as compared to the no reward condition. In addition, the CUD subjects manifested significantly faster P3 waveforms than their control counterparts; this was associated with higher self-reported excitement for the task. These current ERP results confirm. our previous fMRI results and suggest a compromised neuronal sensitivity to the relative value of a secondary reward in cur-rent CUD individuals; this impairment may be translated into impulsivity or an inability to use subjective motivation to guide behavior. C1 [Parvaz, M. A.; Maloney, T.; Woicik, P. A.; Alia-Klein, N.; Telang, F.; Wang, G-J; Goldstein, R. Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Parvaz, M. A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Telang, F.; Volkow, N. D.] NIAAA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Wang, G-J] Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Volkow, N. D.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Parvaz, MA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Parvaz, Muhammad/0000-0002-2671-2327 FU NIDA [1K23 DA15517-01]; NARSAD; LDRD; GCRC [5-MO1-RR-10710] FX Supported by grants from the NIDA (1K23 DA15517-01); NARSAD Young Investigator Award; LDRD from U.S. Department of Energy (OBER); and GCRC (5-MO1-RR-10710). We are grateful to the subjects who volunteered in this study. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 60 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413279 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600030 ER PT S AU Southekal, SS Vaska, P AF Southekal, S. S. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI Analytic reconstruction for improved spatial resolution with the RatCAP PET tomograph SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE AB The RatCAP is a miniaturized, high resolution PET scanner worn by the subject on its head for conscious rat brain imaging. Image reconstruction by Filtered Back Projection (FBP) is complicated by a number of factors including, but not limited to gaps between detectors, the size of the field of view relative to the size of the scanner and the depth of the interaction in the detector crystal. Spatial resolution in PET is also degraded by random coincidences, photon scatter and intrinsic detector inefficiencies. Novel techniques to optimize spatial resolution that take advantage of our highly accurate Monte Carlo scanner model have been described in this paper. Initial results show an FWHM resolution of < 1.6mm at the center. Transaxial and radial resolution FWHM values will be reported for a point source placed at different radial distances from the center of the field of view (FOV). C1 [Southekal, S. S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Southekal, S. S.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Southekal, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC02- 98CH10886] FX This work is a collaborative effort between Brookhaven National Lab, and Stony Brook University and the University of Sherbrooke Research is supported by DOE (OBER) under Prim e Contract No. DE-AC02- 98CH10886. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 64 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413281 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600032 ER PT S AU Luo, ZC Benveniste, H Yu, M Pan, YT Du, CW AF Luo, Zhongchi Benveniste, Helene Yu, Mei Pan, Yingtian Du, Congwu GP IEEE TI Doppler speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE DE laser Doppler Speckle Contrast Imaging (LDSI); local cerebral blood flow (LCBF); somatosensory cortex; activation flow coupling AB A Laser Doppler speckle contrast imaging (LDSCI) system has been developed for detecting the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) changes in a living brain with a high temporal (subsecond) and spatial (micrometer) resolution. Near-infrared laser was used to allow the light to penetrate into the cortex beneath the brain surface and the changes in microscopic blood flow were detected due to the laser Doppler effects of moving particles (i.e., Red blood cells) on the speckle change of the imaging. To examine the sensitivity of our LDSCI system, in vivo animal study was performed to investigate activation-flow coupling in somatosensory cortex in response to electrical stimulation of hindpaw in the living rat. The functional hyperemia obtained in this study was in agreement with results from traditional point measurement using Laser Doppler flowmetry. However, the tempo-spatial feature of the LDSCI system would facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of blood flow-neuronal activity coupling. C1 [Luo, Zhongchi; Benveniste, Helene; Yu, Mei; Du, Congwu] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Luo, Zhongchi; Pan, Yingtian] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Luo, ZC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [04-066]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [DOE-OBER FWP MO 0065]; NYSTAR FX This work was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) (Grants No: 04-066 (C. D.)), Brookhaven National Laboratory, DOE-OBER FWP MO 0065 (Benveniste & Du) and NYSTAR (Benveniste). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 69 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600034 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, S Stoll, S Purschke, M Pratte, JF Woody, CL Schlyer, D O'Connor, P Vaska, P AF Krishnamoorthy, S. Stoll, S. Purschke, M. Pratte, J. -F. Woody, C. L. Schlyer, D. O'Connor, P. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI A simulation study on a PET detector using continuous LSO and large-area APDs SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE AB Improving the resolution and sensitivity of PET detectors has always been an area of major focus, and most recent attempts towards improving resolution tend to make use of smaller crystals that sacrifice sensitivity. Previously, a novel detector comprising of a single continuous slab of scintillator coupled with arrays of large area APDs onto both sides had been conceived, and a first prototype built. The first characterization of the prototype detector provided a spatial resolution of similar to 2.5mm, somewhat worse than what was predicted by a previously developed analytical model. The limited electronic noise achievable was one of the main factors limiting detector performance. Hence, inorder to reduce the total electronic noise an evaluation of the various noise sources at the front-end was performed. Additionally, to better predict the performance of the detector a detailed Monte Carlo accounting for the light output and intrinsic resolution of the scintillator, the optical-photon transport mechanism, the quantum efficiency and gain of the APD, excess noise, and electronic noise contributions was developed. For interactions occurring at a fixed depth in the scintillator, the simulation predicts a FWHM spatial resolution of similar to 1mm. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stoll, S.; Purschke, M.; Pratte, J. -F.; Woody, C. L.; Schlyer, D.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU National Institutes of Health (NIBIB) [R21 EB001810]; U.S. Department of Energy under Prime [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIBIB) under grant number R21 EB001810 and the U.S. Department of Energy under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 84 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413290 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600041 ER PT S AU Rashid, S Wagshul, ME Yu, M Benveniste, H Li, J McAllister, JP AF Rashid, S. Wagshul, M. E. Yu, M. Benveniste, H. Li, J. McAllister, J. P., II GP IEEE TI Development of ventricular expansion and increased pulsatile CSF flow in a rat model SO 2007 IEEE 33RD ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY MAR 10-11, 2007 CL Long Isl, NY SP IEEE, EMB, AIChE ID HYDROCEPHALUS AB Adult rats were injected with kaolin in the basal cistern to impede cerebrospinal fluid flow and induce communicating hydrocephalus. Development and progress of CH was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a period of over 30 days. TrueFISP images were used to measure volume of the cerebral aqueduct and the lateral, third and fourth ventricles as well as hydrodynamic resistance of the aqueduct. Retrospectively gated phase contrast gradient echo images were used to measure stroke volume of CSF in the aqueduct. Based on ventricular volumes, animals could be divided into 3 groups where Groups 2 & 3 developed mild and severe hydrocephalus respectively, while Group I did not. Ventricular volumes and stroke volumes of Group 3 increased over time, as expected, while in Group 2, ventricular volume increased but stroke volume increased and then decreased, a phenomenon that has not been reported before. Hydrodynamic resistance of aqueductal flow was found to correlate negatively with stroke volume for Groups 2 and 3, although at different levels. C1 [Rashid, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yu, M.; Benveniste, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton 11793, NY USA. [Wagshul, M. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Li, J.; McAllister, J. P., II] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Rashid, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU Brain Child Foundation FX This study was supported by the Brain Child Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Department of Energy. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4244-1032-3 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2007 BP 96 EP + DI 10.1109/NEBC.2007.4413296 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Materials Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHP13 UT WOS:000255100600047 ER EF