FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Achermann, M Petruska, MA Koleske, DD Crawford, MH Klimov, VI AF Achermann, Marc Petruska, Melissa A. Koleske, Daniel D. Crawford, Mary H. Klimov, Victor I. TI Nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes utilizing high-efficiency nonradiative energy transfer for color conversion SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELL; ORGANIC MATERIAL; POLYMER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; OVERLAYER; EMISSION AB We report a practical implementation of high-efficiency color conversion in an electrically pumped light-emitting diode ( LED) using nonradiative energy transfer. On the basis of a new LED design that offers both strong energy-transfer coupling and efficient carrier injection, we show that a hybrid structure comprising a single monolayer of CdSe nanocrystals assembled on top of an InGaN/GaN quantum well provides nearly 10% color conversion efficiency. This value is significantly higher than that for a traditional absorption-re-emission color-conversion scheme in a similar device structure. Furthermore, these hybrid devices can also provide improved efficiencies, compared not only to phosphor-based structures but also to stand-alone LEDs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov RI Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011; OI Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 17 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 5 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1396 EP 1400 DI 10.1021/nl060392t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100018 PM 16834418 ER PT J AU Zheng, H Zhan, Q Zavaliche, F Sherburne, M Straub, F Cruz, MP Chen, LQ Dahmen, U Ramesh, R AF Zheng, Haimei Zhan, Qian Zavaliche, Florin Sherburne, Matt Straub, Florian Cruz, Maria P. Chen, Long-Qing Dahmen, Uli Ramesh, R. TI Controlling self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; ORGANIZED GROWTH; SRTIO3 SURFACES; TRANSITIONS; CRYSTALS; BATIO3; ENERGY; FILMS; SHAPE AB We report a discovery that self-assembled perovskite-spinel nanostructures can be controlled simply by selecting single-crystal substrates with different orientations. In a model BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 system, a ( 001) substrate results in rectangular-shaped CoFe2O4 nanopillars in a BiFeO3 matrix; in contrast, a (111) substrate leads to triangular-shaped BiFeO3 nanopillars in a CoFe2O4 matrix, irrespective of the volume fraction of the two phases. This dramatic reversal is attributed to the surface energy anisotropy as an intrinsic property of a crystal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zheng, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM haimei@berkeley.edu RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 31 TC 163 Z9 169 U1 23 U2 126 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1401 EP 1407 DI 10.1021/nl060401y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100019 PM 16834419 ER PT J AU Li, Y Xiang, J Qian, F Gradecak, S Wu, Y Yan, H Yan, H Blom, DA Lieber, CM AF Li, Yat Xiang, Jie Qian, Fang Gradecak, Silvija Wu, Yue Yan, Hao Yan, Hao Blom, Douglas A. Lieber, Charles M. TI Dopant-free GaN/AlN/AlGaN radial nanowire heterostructures as high electron mobility transistors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BUILDING-BLOCKS; GAN NANOWIRE; FABRICATION; CHEMISTRY; PHYSICS; LASERS AB We report the rational synthesis of dopant-free GaN/AlN/AlGaN radial nanowire heterostructures and their implementation as high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The radial nanowire heterostructures were prepared by sequential shell growth immediately following nanowire elongation using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal that the GaN/AlN/AlGaN radial nanowire heterostructures are dislocation-free single crystals. In addition, the thicknesses and compositions of the individual AlN and AlGaN shells were unambiguously identified using cross-sectional high-angle annular darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Transport measurements carried out on GaN/AlN/AlGaN and GaN nanowires prepared using similar conditions demonstrate the existence of electron gas in the undoped GaN/AlN/AlGaN nanowire heterostructures and also yield an intrinsic electron mobility of 3100 cm(2)/Vs and 21 000 cm(2)/Vs at room temperature and 5 K, respectively, for the heterostructure. Field-effect transistors fabricated with ZrO2 dielectrics and metal top gates showed excellent gate coupling with near ideal subthreshold slopes of 68 mV/dec, an on/off current ratio of 107, and scaled on-current and transconductance values of 500 mA/mm and 420 mS/mm. The ability to control synthetically the electronic properties of nanowires using band structure design in III-nitride radial nanowire heterostructures opens up new opportunities for nanoelectronics and provides a new platform to study the physics of low-dimensional electron gases. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lieber, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cml@cmliris.harvard.edu RI Zong, Xu/B-7149-2013; OI Li, Yat/0000-0002-8058-2084 NR 38 TC 247 Z9 248 U1 16 U2 122 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1468 EP 1473 DI 10.1021/nl060849z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100031 PM 16834431 ER PT J AU Ryan, KM Mastroianni, A Stancil, KA Liu, HT Alivisatos, AP AF Ryan, Kevin M. Mastroianni, Alex Stancil, Kimani A. Liu, Haitao Alivisatos, A. P. TI Electric-field-assisted assembly of perpendicularly oriented nanorod superlattices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NANOWIRES; GROWTH; SOLIDS; CDSE AB We observe the assembly of CdS nanorod superlattices by the combination of a DC electric field and solvent evaporation. In each electric-field (1 V/mu m) assisted assembly, CdS nanorods (5 nm x 30 nm) suspended initially in toluene were observed to align perpendicular to the substrate. Azimuthal alignment along the nanorod crystal faces and the presence of stacking faults indicate that both 2D and 3D assemblies were formed by a process of controlled super crystal growth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Ryan, kevin/D-8047-2011; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Ryan, kevin/0000-0003-3670-8505; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 21 TC 235 Z9 235 U1 9 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1479 EP 1482 DI 10.1021/nl060866o PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100033 PM 16834433 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, NK Redondo, A Bishop, AR Rasmussen, KO AF Voulgarakis, N. K. Redondo, A. Bishop, A. R. Rasmussen, K. O. TI Sequencing DNA by dynamic force spectroscopy: Limitations and prospects SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENATURATION; MECHANICS AB Using a well established model, we systematically analyze fundamental limitations on the viability of using mechanical unzipping of DNA as a fast and inexpensive sequencing method. Standard unzipping techniques, where double-stranded DNA is unzipped through the application of a force at one end of the molecule, are shown to be inadequate. Emerging techniques that unzip DNA by local force application are more promising, and we establish the necessary experimental requirements that must be met for these techniques to succeed as single molecule sequencing tools. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voulgarakis, NK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Voulgarakis, Nikolaos/A-8711-2010 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1483 EP 1486 DI 10.1021/nl0608801 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100034 PM 16834434 ER PT J AU McBride, J Treadway, J Feldman, LC Pennycook, SJ Rosenthal, SJ AF McBride, James Treadway, Joe Feldman, L. C. Pennycook, Stephen J. Rosenthal, Sandra J. TI Structural basis for near unity quantum yield core/shell nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; CELLS; DOTS AB Aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy of core/shell nanocrystals shows clear correlations between structure and quantum efficiency. Uniform shell coverage is obtained only for a graded CdS/ZnS shell material and is found to be critical to achieving near 100% quantum yield. The sublattice sensitivity of the images confirms that preferential growth takes place on the anion-terminated surfaces. This explains the three-dimensional "nanobullet" shape observed in the case of core/shell nanorods. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Quantum Dot Corp, Hayward, CA USA. RP Rosenthal, SJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, VU Stn B,Box 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sandra.j.rosenthal@vanderbilt.edu RI McBride, James/D-2934-2012 OI McBride, James/0000-0003-0161-7283 NR 28 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1496 EP 1501 DI 10.1021/nl060993k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100037 PM 16834437 ER PT J AU Stoica, T Meijers, RJ Calarco, R Richter, T Sutter, E Luth, H AF Stoica, Toma Meijers, Ralph J. Calarco, Raffaella Richter, Thomas Sutter, Eli Lueth, Hans TI Photoluminescence and intrinsic properties of MBE-grown InN nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; MORPHOLOGY; NANOTUBES; ROUTE AB The influence of the growth parameters on the photoluminescence (PL) spectra has been investigated for samples with columnar morphology, either with InN columns on original substrates or as free-standing nanowires. Valuable information about band gap and electron concentration was obtained by line shape analysis. Optical band gaps between 730 and 750 meV and electron concentrations of 8 x 10(17) to 6 x 10(18) cm(-3) were derived from the fit of the PL spectra of different samples. The crystalline quality of the wires was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. C1 Res Ctr Julich, Inst Thin Films & Interfaces, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Res Ctr Julich, Ctr Nanoelect Syst Informat Technol, Cni, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stoica, T (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Inst Thin Films & Interfaces, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM t.stoica@fz-juelich.de RI Calarco, Raffaella/B-8218-2011 NR 35 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1021/nl060547x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062VK UT WOS:000238973100046 PM 16834446 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Lin, Y Hill, DE Wang, W Veca, LM Qu, LW Pathak, P Meziani, MJ Diaz, J Connell, JW Watson, KA Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Zhou, Bing Lin, Yi Hill, Darron E. Wang, Wei Veca, L. Monica Qu, Liangwei Pathak, Pankaj Meziani, Mohammed J. Diaz, Julian Connell, John W. Watson, Kent A. Allard, Lawrence F. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Polymeric nanocomposite films from functionalized vs suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; nanocomposites; photoluminescence ID DISPERSION; LUMINESCENCE; COMPOSITES; SPECTROSCOPY; PURIFICATION; POLYIMIDE; CHEMISTRY AB The reported work was to demonstrate that the defect-derived photoluminescence in functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes could be exploited in probing the dispersion of these nanotubes in polymeric nanocomposites because the luminescence emissions are sensitive to the degree of nanotube bundling and surface modification. The polyimide-SWNT nanocomposite thin films obtained from nanotubes with and without functionalization were compared. The spectroscopic results suggest that despite a similar visual appearance in the two kinds of films, the nanotube dispersion must be significantly better in the film with functionalized nanotubes, as reflected by the strong photoluminescence. In fact, the nanotubes embedded in polymer matrix that can be readily characterized by Raman spectroscopy are non-luminescent, while those that are difficult for Raman are strongly luminescent. Therefore, Raman and photoluminescence serve as complementary tools in the investigation of nanocomposites concerning the nanotube dispersion-related properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM syaping@clemson.edu RI Veca, Lucia/A-4622-2012 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 15 BP 5323 EP 5329 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 072AC UT WOS:000239644000014 ER PT J AU Rocha, RC Shreve, AP AF Rocha, Reginaldo C. Shreve, Andrew P. TI Characterization of infrared vibrational activity in specific totally symmetric bridging modes of mixed-valence systems near the localized-to-delocalized transition SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mixed valency; electron transfer; charge transfer; metal complexes; vibrational spectroscopy; infrared spectroelectrochemistry ID CREUTZ-TAUBE ION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; INTERVALENCE TRANSFER; RAMAN SPECTRA; PYRAZINE; RUTHENIUM; CLUSTERS; LIGAND; ANALOGS AB The presence or absence of infrared (IR) activity in totally symmetric bridging vibrations of ligand-bridged mixed-valence molecular systems has often been taken, on the basis of electronic (a)symmetry arguments, as markers for electronic localization (class 11) or delocalization (class 111) on the vibrational time scale. However, because IR absorption intensity in such nominally-forbidden modes may be anomalously enhanced due to vibronic coupling effects, especially for cases in the localized-to-delocalized (class II/III) transition regime, a direct and continuous correlation between the extent of (de)localization and IR activity is challenged. In order to experimentally illustrate such phenomena, here we provide a detailed comparison of relevant IR signatures across a series of structurally related, symmetric dinuclear complexes of the type [(bpy)(2)(Cl)M-pz-M(Cl)(bPY)(2)](n+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, pz = pyrazine, M = Ru-II,Ru-III or Os-II,Os-III; n = 2, 3, or 4), in which the "mixed valency" (11,111; n = 3) has been characterized as largely localized for M = Ru and approaching the near-delocalized behavior for M = Os. To improve analytical accuracy and facilitate standardization in the comparison of results spanning the various isovalent and mixed-valent redox species, the IR spectroscopic features were probed via an in situ spectroelectrochemical (SEC) approach, in identical medium (solution) conditions. The parent monomers, i.e. [(bpy)(2)(Cl)M-pz](n+) (M = Ru-II,Ru-III or Os-II,Os-III; n = I or 2), which represent the extreme examples of structural and electronic symmetry breaking in the series, were also investigated and compared with the dimers. In all cases reported here, the spectroscopic assignments of vibrational modes were supported by isotopic modification (deuteration) of the bridging pyrazine ligand. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rcrocha@lanl.gov; shreve@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 326 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.01.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 063CA UT WOS:000238992400004 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, DM Kober, EM Papanikolas, JM Meyer, TJ AF Dattelbaum, Dana M. Kober, Edward M. Papanikolas, John M. Meyer, Thomas J. TI Application of time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRNIR) to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state(s) of Os(phen)(3)(2+) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mixed-valence; ligand-ligand charge transfer; electronic structure; metal-to-ligand charge transfer; transient near infrared ID INTERLIGAND ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENERGY-GAP LAW; MIXED-VALENCE; NONRADIATIVE DECAY; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; TRANSFER DYNAMICS; RESONANCE RAMAN; ABSORPTION; TRANSITION; RUTHENIUM AB Application of time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRNIR) to Os(phen)(3)(2+) in CD3CN, following visible (450 nm) laser flash excitation, reveals an absorption feature at (nu) over bar (max) = 5460 cm(-1) (epsilon(max) >= 5000 M-1 cm(-1), Delta(nu) over bar (1/2) = 1840 cm(-1)) for the MLCT excited state Os(phen)(3)(2+*). Based on an electronic structure model, including spin-orbit coupling, the absorption is tentatively assigned to three over lapping ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) bands two of which have d pi -> d pi interconfigurational character. This assignment is consistent with the results of a solvent dependence study and an analysis of predicted band energies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Dattelbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM danadat@lanl.gov; tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 326 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.02.033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 063CA UT WOS:000238992400008 ER PT J AU Mujica, V Ratner, MA AF Mujica, Vladimiro Ratner, Mark A. TI Semiconductor/molecule transport junctions: An analytic form for the self-energies SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular electronics; spectral density; semiconductor electrode ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; WIRE JUNCTIONS; MODEL; CONDUCTION; FORMALISM; SURFACE; ATOM; FILM AB We have derived an approximate analytic expression for the spectral density of a simple model of a semiconductor/molecule junction. The semiconductor is considered as a tight-binding one-dimensional chain with periodic boundary conditions, and either bond or site-energy alternation, to mimic a two-band system. Using the simplest representation for an atomic or molecular site we obtain a spectral density whose main physical and mathematical features are independent of the alternation pattern. Our model can be applied to the description of transport properties in many complex junctions. Here, we have explored its simplest consequences in the calculation of the transmission coefficient for a junction consisting of a semiconductor electrode, a molecular site and a metal electrode. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mujica, V (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM vmujica@chem.northwestern.edu NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 326 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.02.034 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 063CA UT WOS:000238992400019 ER PT J AU McKnight, TE Peeraphatdit, C Jones, SW Fowlkes, JD Fletcher, BL Klein, KL Melechko, AV Doktycz, MJ Simpson, ML AF McKnight, TE Peeraphatdit, C Jones, SW Fowlkes, JD Fletcher, BL Klein, KL Melechko, AV Doktycz, MJ Simpson, ML TI Site-specific biochemical functionalization along the height of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMER; FABRICATION; ELECTRODES; NANOTUBE; CELLS; RATS AB Flexible strategies for the biochemical functionalization of synthetic nanoscale materials can enhance their impact upon a broader range of devices and applications. Here we report approaches for the heterogeneous functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers, a nanostructured material increasingly used to provide nanoscale components in microfabricated devices. Photoresist blocking strategies are developed for site-specific physical, chemical, and electrochemical functionalization of nanofiber arrays both spatially across regions of the device as well as along the length of the vertical nanofibers. These approaches are explored for the functionalization of nanofiber surfaces with gold, conductive polymers, and DNA and for the biotinylation and subsequent capture of active enzyme- and quantum-dot-conjugated ( strept) avidins. Functionalizations are visualized with both fluorescent and electron microscopy and characterized using dye and enzyme assays. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Dev Grp, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Univ, Appleton, WI 54912 USA. Earlham Coll, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McKnight, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Dev Grp, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcknightte@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 14 BP 3203 EP 3211 DI 10.1021/cm052680g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 059IR UT WOS:000238727000006 ER PT J AU Bhutani, N AF Bhutani, N TI Dynamic response of thermal data capture unit SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The dynamic response of a thermal data capture unit is calculated for a given missile flight test environment. Power spectral densities calculated from the analytical model were compared with the experimental results. Maximum peak displacements were used to calculate clearances required during the installation phase of system assembly. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bhutani, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nbhutan@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 294 IS 3 BP 580 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.10.019 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 051FH UT WOS:000238146500011 ER PT J AU Si, M Araki, T Ade, H Kilcoyne, ALD Fisher, R Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH AF Si, M Araki, T Ade, H Kilcoyne, ALD Fisher, R Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH TI Compatibilizing bulk polymer blends by using organoclays SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; X-RAY; METHACRYLATE) BLENDS; MELT INTERCALATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; PC/SAN BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY; MICROSCOPY AB We have studied the morphology of blends of PS/PMMA, PC/SAN24, and PMMA/EVA and compared the morphologies with and without modified organoclay Cloisite 20A or Cloisite 6A clays. In each case we found a large reduction in domains size and the localization of the clay platelets along the interfaces of the components. The increased miscibility was accompanied in some cases, with the reduction of the system from multiple values of the glass transition temperatures to one. In addition, the modulus of all the systems increased significantly. A model was proposed where it was proposed that in-situ grafts were forming on the clay surfaces during blending and the grafts then had to be localized at the interfaces. This blending mechanism reflects the composition of the blend and is fairly nonspecific. As a result, this may be a promising technology for use in processing recycled blends where the composition is often uncertain and price is of general concern. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Acad Nassau Cty High Sch, Uniondale, NY 11553 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 33 TC 226 Z9 235 U1 8 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 14 BP 4793 EP 4801 DI 10.1021/ma060125+ PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 059IU UT WOS:000238727300021 ER PT J AU Gomez, ED Das, J Chakraborty, AK Pople, JA Balsara, NP AF Gomez, ED Das, J Chakraborty, AK Pople, JA Balsara, NP TI Effect of cross-linking on the structure and thermodynamics of lamellar block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; RUBBER ELASTICITY; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SPIN-GLASSES; NETWORKS; MELTS; BIREFRINGENCE; ARCHITECTURE; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY AB Small-angle X-ray scattering, depolarized light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the dependence of structure and thermodynamics on cross-linking of a symmetric poly(styrene-block-isoprene) copolymer. The polyisoprene block was cross-linked well above the order-disorder transition (ODT) temperature of the un-cross-linked block copolymer. A mean-field theory based on a coarse grained free energy and an RPA-like formulation was developed to predict the dependence of the ODT temperature on cross-linking density. Our theory is limited to cross-linking densities below the gel point. In both experiments and theory the ODT temperature increases as the number of junctions is increased for cross-linking densities below the gelation point. We show that reversible order-disorder transitions are obtained in these materials even when the cross-linking density is larger than that required to obtain a gel. At cross-linking densities near the gel point, the depolarized light scattering signal from the ordered state suddenly increases by orders of magnitude due to the presence of extremely long and thin grains. At sufficiently high cross-linking densities, the disordered state is trapped, and order-disorder transitions are no longer obtained. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Das, Jayajit/E-2951-2011; Gomez, Enrique/E-5887-2013 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 14 BP 4848 EP 4859 DI 10.1021/ma052323r PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 059IU UT WOS:000238727300028 ER PT J AU Blackman, EG Ji, HT AF Blackman, EG Ji, HT TI Laboratory plasma dynamos, astrophysical dynamos and magnetic helicity evolution SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; magnetic fields; MHD; methods : laboratory; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); stars : coronae ID REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; ACCRETION DISKS; HYDROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE; TAU-APPROXIMATION; SOLAR-CYCLE; SIMULATIONS; RELAXATION; SPECTRA; ALPHA; CONSTRAINTS AB The term 'dynamo' means different things to the laboratory fusion plasma and astrophysical plasma communities. To alleviate the resulting confusion and to facilitate interdisciplinary progress, we pinpoint conceptual differences and similarities between laboratory plasma dynamos and astrophysical dynamos. We can divide dynamos into three types: 1. magnetically dominated helical dynamos which sustain a large-scale magnetic field against resistive decay and drive the magnetic geometry towards the lowest energy state, 2. flow-driven helical dynamos which amplify or sustain large-scale magnetic fields in an otherwise turbulent flow and 3. flow-driven non-helical dynamos which amplify fields on scales at or below the driving turbulence. We discuss how all three types occur in astrophysics whereas plasma confinement device dynamos are of the first type. Type 3 dynamos require no magnetic or kinetic helicity of any kind. Focusing on Types 1 and 2 dynamos, we show how different limits of a unified set of equations for magnetic helicity evolution reveal both types. We explicitly describe a steady-state example of a Type 1 dynamo, and three examples of Type 2 dynamos: (i) closed volume and time dependent; (ii) steady state with open boundaries; (iii) time dependent with open boundaries. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Blackman, EG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM blackman@pas.rochester.edu NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 4 BP 1837 EP 1848 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10431.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 057VZ UT WOS:000238624600031 ER PT J AU Mauche, CW AF Mauche, CW TI The white dwarf in AE Aqr brakes harder SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : individual : AE Aqr; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : rotation; white dwarfs ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; AQUARII; PULSATIONS; CAMPAIGN; EMISSION; FLARES AB Taking advantage of the very precise de Jager et al. optical white dwarf orbit and spin ephemerides; ASCA, XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray observations spread over 10 yr; and a cumulative 27-yr baseline, we have found that in recent years the white dwarf in AE Aqr is spinning down at a rate that is slightly faster than predicted by the de Jager et al. spin ephemeris. At the present time, the observed period evolution is consistent with either a cubic term in the spin ephemeris with P = 3.46( 56) x 10(-19) d(-1), which is inconsistent in sign and magnitude with magnetic dipole radiation losses, or an additional quadratic term with. P = 2.0(1.0) x 10(-15) dd(-1), which is consistent with a modest increase in the accretion torques spinning down the white dwarf. Regular monitoring, in the optical, ultraviolet and/or X-rays, is required to track the evolution of the spin period of the white dwarf in AE Aqr. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mauche@cygnus.llnl.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 4 BP 1983 EP 1987 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10447.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 057VZ UT WOS:000238624600045 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A Meszaros, P Burrows, D Nousek, J Gehrels, N O'Brien, P Willingale, R AF Panaitescu, A Meszaros, P Burrows, D Nousek, J Gehrels, N O'Brien, P Willingale, R TI Evidence for chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks in Swift gamma-ray burst afterglows and their theoretical implications SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; shock waves; ISM : jets and outflows; gamma-rays : bursts ID GRB-050401; GRB-030329; ENERGY; DECAY; JETS AB The power-law decay of the X-ray emission of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows 050319, 050401, 050607, 050713A, 050802 and 050922C exhibits a steepening at about 1-4 h after the burst which, surprisingly, is not accompanied by a break in the optical emission. If it is assumed that both the optical and X-ray afterglows arise from the same outflow then, in the framework of the standard forward shock model, the chromaticity of the X-ray light-curve breaks indicates that they do not arise solely from a mechanism related to the outflow dynamics (e.g. energy injection) or the angular distribution of the blast-wave kinetic energy (structured outflows or jets). The lack of a spectral evolution accompanying the X-ray light-curve break shows that these breaks do not arise from the passage of a spectral break (e.g. the cooling frequency) either. Under these circumstances, the decoupling of the X-ray and optical decays requires that the microphysical parameters for the electron and magnetic energies in the forward shock evolve in time, whether the X-ray afterglow is synchrotron or inverse-Compton emission. For a steady evolution of these parameters with the Lorentz factor of the forward shock and an X-ray light curve arising cessation of energy injection into the blast wave, the optical and X-ray properties of the above six Swift afterglows require a circumburst medium with a r(-2) radial stratification, as expected for a massive star origin for long GRBs. Alternatively, the chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks may indicate that the optical and X-ray emissions arise from different outflows. Neither feature (evolution of microphysical parameters or the different origin of the optical and X-ray emissions) was clearly required by pre-Swift afterglows. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alin@lanl.gov RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 30 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 4 BP 2059 EP 2064 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10453.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 057VZ UT WOS:000238624600054 ER PT J AU Li, S De Andrade, MC Freeman, EJ Sirvent, C Dickey, RP Amann, A Frederick, NA Rathnayaka, KDD Naugle, DG Bud'kos, SL Canfield, PC Beyermann, WP Maple, MB AF Li, S De Andrade, MC Freeman, EJ Sirvent, C Dickey, RP Amann, A Frederick, NA Rathnayaka, KDD Naugle, DG Bud'kos, SL Canfield, PC Beyermann, WP Maple, MB TI Physical properties of Lu1-xYbxNi2B2C SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; 16 K SUPERCONDUCTOR; HEAVY-FERMION; MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LUNI2B2C; TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES; YBNI2B2C; TRANSITION AB The Lu1-xYbxNi2B2C system exhibits superconductivity at low Yb concentrations (0 <= x <= 0: 1), Kondo behaviour at low and moderate Yb concentrations (0 <= x <= 0: 34), and heavy fermion behaviour with a non-magnetic ground state at high Yb concentrations. In order to characterize the evolution of these phenomena with x, we have performed dc magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, and specific heat measurements on single crystals of Lu1-xYbxNi2B2C with various values of x between 0 and 1. The enhanced suppression of T-c by Yb substitution, compared to other rare earth substitutions, is consistent with the behaviour of superconducting Kondo systems with T-K >> T-c when T-K decreases with increasing x. The electronic specific heat coefficient gamma increases from similar to 11 mJ/mol K-2 for x = 0 to similar to 530 mJ/mol K-2 for x = 1. The curve of the reduced specific heat jump Delta C/Delta C-0 versus T-c/T-c0, where Delta C-0 and T-c0 refer to the LuNi2B2C matrix, does not conform to the BCS theory, but is consistent with the magnetic pair breaking theory of Abrikosov and Gor'kov or the theory of Muller-Hartmann and Zittartz for superconductivity in the presence of the Kondo effect for T-K/T-c0 similar to 10(3). This is in agreement with the evolution of the upper critical field H-c2 with x, where the slope dH(c2)/dT vertical bar(T = Tc) decreases with increasing x. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Maple, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mbmaple@physics.ucsd.edu RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 20 BP 3021 EP 3041 DI 10.1080/14786430600651962 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 045GK UT WOS:000237730400005 ER PT J AU Chau, R Freeman, EJ Maple, MB AF Chau, R. Freeman, E. J. Maple, M. B. TI Electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties of UCu5-xPtx SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; URANIUM-COMPOUNDS; KONDO DISORDER AB We report measurements of the structural and electronic properties of UCu5-xPtx, a Pt-based analogue of the nFL system UCu5-xPdx, in the concentration range 0 <= x <= 5. For x <= 2.5 and x >= 4.5, the UCu5-xPtx system crystallizes in the AuBe5 structure, but is mixed phase in the range 2.5 < x < 4.5. We observe a rapid suppression of long range antiferromagnetic order for small concentrations of Pt. The electrical resistivity, DC magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat of UCu5-xPtx in the concentration range 0.75 <= x <= 1 have temperature dependencies at low temperature (T <= 10 K) consistent with the non-Fermi liquid behaviour found in UCu5-xPdx. Above x = 1, there is a transition from non-Fermi liquid behaviour to Fermi liquid behaviour with no observation of any spin glass behaviour. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Schlumberger Princeton Technol Ctr, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maple, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mbmaple@physics.ucsd.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 20 BP 3061 EP 3076 DI 10.1080/14786430600669816 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 045GK UT WOS:000237730400007 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Contreras, AM Montano, M Rioux, RM AF Somorjai, Gabor A. Contreras, Anthony M. Montano, Max Rioux, Robert M. TI Clusters, surfaces, and catalysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE catalytic bond activation; high selectivity catalyst design; molecular ingredients of catalysis ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DEUTERIUM-EXCHANGE REACTIONS; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS AB The surface science of heterogeneous metal catalysis uses model systems ranging from single crystals to monodispersed nanoparticles in the 1-10 nm range. Molecular studies reveal that bond activation (C-H, H-H, C-C, C=O) occurs at 300 K or below as the active metal sites simultaneously restructure. The strongly adsorbed molecules must be mobile to free up these sites for continued turnover of reaction. Oxide-metal interfaces are also active for catalytic turnover. Examples using C-H and C=O activation are described to demonstrate these properties. Future directions include synthesis, characterization, and reaction studies with 2D and 3D monodispersed metal nanoclusters to obtain 100% selectivity in multipath reactions. Investigations of the unique structural, dynamic, and electronic properties of nanoparticles are likely to have major impact in surface technologies. The fields of heterogeneous, enzyme, and homogeneous catalysis are likely to merge for the benefit of all three. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu NR 58 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 16 U2 85 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 28 BP 10577 EP 10583 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507691103 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 063VG UT WOS:000239047400009 PM 16740668 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S AF Finsterle, Stefan TI Comment on "Seepage into drifts and tunnels in unsaturated fractured rock'' by Dani Or, Markus Tuller, and Randall Fedors SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CAVITIES; FLOW C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM safinsterle@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07603 DI 10.1029/2005WR004777 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 066HW UT WOS:000239221300001 ER PT J AU Huang, H Meakin, P AF Huang, Hai Meakin, Paul TI Reply to comment by Dani Or and Teamrat Ghezzehei on "Computer simulation of two-phase immiscible fluid motion in unsaturated complex fractures using a volume of fluid method'' by Hai Huang, Paul Meakin, and Moubin Liu SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM hai.huang@inl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07602 DI 10.1029/2006WR005120 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 066HW UT WOS:000239221300004 ER PT J AU Or, D Ghezzehei, TA AF Or, Dani Ghezzehei, Teamrat A. TI Comment on "Computer simulation of two-phase immiscible fluid motion in unsaturated complex fractures using a volume of fluid method'' by Hai Huang, Paul Meakin, and Moubin Liu SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Soil & Environm Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Or, D (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Soil & Environm Phys, GR C1 517,Batiment GR,Stn 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM dani.or@epfl.ch RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011; Or, Dani/D-8768-2012 OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212; Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7 AR W07601 DI 10.1029/2006WR004994 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 066HW UT WOS:000239221300002 ER PT J AU Yashchuk, VV Gullikson, EM Howells, MR Irick, SC MacDowell, AA McKinney, WR Salmassi, F Warwick, T Metz, JP Tonnessen, TW AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Gullikson, Eric M. Howells, Malcolm R. Irick, Steve C. MacDowell, Alastair A. McKinney, Wayne R. Salmassi, Farhad Warwick, Tony Metz, James P. Tonnessen, Thomas W. TI Surface roughness of stainless-steel mirrors for focusing soft x rays SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BENDABLE MIRRORS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LEVEL ACCURACY; OPTICS; BEAMLINE; ESRF; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have used polished stainless steel as a mirror substrate to provide focusing of soft x rays in grazing-incidence reflection. The critical issue of the quality of the steel surface, polished and coated with gold, is discussed in detail. A comparison is made to a polished, gold-coated, electroless nickel surface, which provides a smoother finish. We used the surface height distributions, measured with an interferometric microscope and complemented by atomic-force microscope measurements, to compute power spectral densities and then to evaluate the surface roughness. The effects of roughness in reducing the specular reflectivity were verified by soft-x-ray measurements. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. InSync Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 20 BP 4833 EP 4842 DI 10.1364/AO.45.004833 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 063KV UT WOS:000239018000006 PM 16807589 ER PT J AU Billot, L de la Chapelle, ML Barchiesi, D Chang, SH Gray, SK Rogers, JA Bouhelier, A Adam, PM Bijeon, JL Wiederrecht, GP Bachelot, R Royer, P AF Billot, L. Lamy de la Chapelle, M. Barchiesi, D. Chang, S. -H. Gray, S. K. Rogers, J. A. Bouhelier, A. Adam, P. -M. Bijeon, J. -L. Wiederrecht, G. P. Bachelot, R. Royer, P. TI Error signal artifact in apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; NANOPARTICLES; PROBE AB Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy is a method for obtaining subwavelength optical images of nanostructures. However, great care must be taken to avoid artifactual images. We report on one artifact related to the error signal in cantilever vibration amplitude when operating in tapping mode atomic force microscopy. The artifact is described experimentally and modeled by electromagnetic calculations based on the finite element method. We report specific steps to identify and avoid this artifact with experimental results on gold nanostructures. It is suggested that future apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy studies verify that optical image does not correlate with error signal. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, Inst Charles Delaunay, CNRS,FRE 2848, Troyes 10010, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Billot, L (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, Inst Charles Delaunay, CNRS,FRE 2848, 12 Rue Marie Curie,BP 2060, Troyes 10010, France. EM marc.lamy_de_la_chapelle@utt.fr RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010; Chang, Gilbert/B-5437-2012; Bijeon, Jean-Louis/C-3972-2012; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Chang, Gilbert/0000-0002-2729-4905; NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023105 DI 10.1063/1.2219134 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100086 ER PT J AU Bringa, EM Caro, A Leveugle, E AF Bringa, E. M. Caro, A. Leveugle, E. TI Pressure effects on grain boundary plasticity in nanophase metals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; AB-INITIO; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; ALLOYS; COPPER; MODEL AB Grain boundary sliding is often the picture that explains computer simulation results and experiments on plasticity of nanophase materials. Using atomistic computer simulations we perform a detailed study of the effects, of high hydrostatic pressure on nanophase Cu plasticity and find that it can be understood in terms of pressure dependent grain boundary sliding controlled by a Mohr-Coulomb law. This result explains recent findings on pressure-induced ultrahigh strength observed in computer simulations of shocks in nanophase Cu reported by Bringa et al. [Science 309, 1838 (2005)]. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bringa, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caro2@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1063/1.2217188 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100082 ER PT J AU Ciovati, G AF Ciovati, Gianluigi TI Improved oxygen diffusion model to explain the effect of low-temperature baking on high field losses in niobium superconducting cavities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTITIAL OXYGEN AB Radio-frequency (rf) superconducting cavities made of high purity niobium are widely used to accelerate charged particle beams in particle accelerators. The major limitation to achieve rf field values approaching the theoretical limit for niobium is represented by "anomalous" losses which degrade the quality factor of the cavities starting at peak surface magnetic fields of about 100 mT, in the absence of field emission. These high field losses are often referred to as Q drop. It has been observed that the Q drop is drastically reduced by baking the cavities at 120 degrees C for about 48 h under ultrahigh vacuum. An improved oxygen diffusion model for the niobium-oxide system is proposed to explain the benefit of the low-temperature baking on the Q drop in niobium superconducting rf cavities. The model shows that baking at 120 degrees C for 48 h allows oxygen to diffuse away from the surface, and therefore increasing the lower critical field towards the value for pure niobium. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Ciovati, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gciovati@jlab.org NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022507 DI 10.1063/1.2220059 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100067 ER PT J AU Gee, RH Wu, C Maiti, A AF Gee, Richard H. Wu, Christine Maiti, Amitesh TI Coarse-grained model for a molecular crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; DYNAMICS; PETN AB Using the energetic material pentaerythritol tetranitrate as a specific example of molecular crystal, we describe the development of a simple coarse-graining procedure by grouping several atoms or whole functional groups into single charge-neutral beads. As compared to fully atomistic calculations the coarse-grained model speeds up simulations by more than two orders of magnitude. Yet, by adjusting only two parameters in the coarse-grained interaction, the model accurately predicts the lattice constants, sublimation energy, pressure-volume curve up to P=10 GPa, and energetically the most stable facets. Computed surface and desorption energies, bulk modulus, and equilibrium morphology are reported as well. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maiti2@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021919 DI 10.1063/1.2221878 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100037 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, A Do, DH Kim, DM Eom, CB Evans, PG Adams, B Dufresne, EM AF Grigoriev, Alexei Do, Dal-Hyun Kim, Dong Min Eom, Chang-Beom Evans, Paul G. Adams, Bernhard Dufresne, Eric M. TI Subnanosecond piezoelectric x-ray switch SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BEAM CHOPPER; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS AB We report an ultrafast piezoelectric switch for synchrotron x rays. A thin epitaxial film of piezoelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3 works as a diffractive optical switch at frequencies from dc to > 1 GHz. The broad frequency range allows single bunches of synchrotron x rays to be selected in an arbitrary sequence. The piezoelectric effect introduces mechanical strains of a fraction of 1% in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 film, which can be used for blocking or passing diffracted x rays. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grigoriev, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alexey@cae.wisc.edu RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021109 DI 10.1063/1.2219342 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100009 ER PT J AU Guslienko, KY AF Guslienko, K. Yu. TI Low-frequency vortex dynamic susceptibility and relaxation in mesoscopic ferromagnetic dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC VORTEX; STATE; STABILITY AB Vortex dynamics in a restricted geometry is considered for a magnetic system consisting of ferromagnetic cylindrical dots. To describe the vortex dynamic susceptibility and relaxation the equation of motion for the vortex center position is applied. The dependencies of the vortex dynamic susceptibility and resonance linewidth on geometrical parameters are calculated. A method of extracting damping parameter from the vortex low-frequency resonance peaks is proposed and applied for interpretation of resonance data on FeNi circular dots. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guslienko, KY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gusliyenko@anl.gov NR 23 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022510 DI 10.1063/1.2221904 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100070 ER PT J AU Jesse, S Mirman, B Kalinin, SV AF Jesse, Stephen Mirman, Boris Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Resonance enhancement in piezoresponse force microscopy: Mapping electromechanical activity, contact stiffness, and Q factor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY AB Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy of domain structure and switching dynamics at small excitation voltages require resonance enhancement of the surface displacements. The contact stiffness depends strongly on local elastic properties and topography resulting in significant variations of the resonant frequency. Moreover, the resonant response is determined both by the Q factor and the electromechanical activity. Here we develop a resonance-enhanced PFM that allows mapping of the local electromechanical activity, contact stiffness, and loss factor, thus avoiding limitations inherent to conventional frequency tracking. We anticipate that this method will be instrumental in imaging weakly piezoelectric materials and probing inelastic phenomena in ferroelectrics. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Suffolk Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 18 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022906 DI 10.1063/1.2221496 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100077 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Lian, J Ewing, RC AF Jiang, W. Zhang, Y. Weber, W. J. Lian, J. Ewing, R. C. TI Direct evidence of N aggregation and diffusion in Au+ irradiated GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED GAN; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ION-BEAM; DISORDER; DEFECTS; TEMPERATURE; DEVICES AB A surface amorphized layer and a buried disordered structure were created in gallium nitride (GaN) irradiated using 1.0 MeV Au+ ions to fluences of 25 and 70 Au+/nm(2) at room temperature. Bubbles of N-2 gas within both the amorphized and disordered GaN are formed. A gradient profile with a lower N concentration in the amorphized region is observed, which provides direct evidence of N loss by diffusion in the Au+ irradiated GaN. These results are important to understanding the amorphization processes in GaN and may have significant implications for the design and fabrication of GaN-based devices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilinjiang@pnl.gov RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021903 DI 10.1063/1.2219418 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100021 ER PT J AU Jun, SI Rack, PD McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Simpson, ML AF Jun, Seung-Ik Rack, Philip D. McKnight, Timothy E. Melechko, Anatoli V. Simpson, Michael L. TI Low-temperature solid-phase crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering with substrate bias SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATERAL CRYSTALLIZATION; EPITAXIAL REGROWTH; TRANSISTOR; NITRIDE; GROWTH; SI AB The crystallization properties of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film deposited by rf magnetron sputter deposition with substrate bias have been thoroughly characterized. The crystallization kinetics for films deposited with substrate bias is enhanced relative to unbiased a-Si by films. The enhanced crystallization for substrate biased a-Si films are attributed to ion enhanced nucleation of crystallites during sputter deposition which subsequently grow during the postdeposition anneal. Conversely films sputter deposited without substrate bias have more intrinsic defects and residual oxygen which enhance nucleation and retard growth, respectively, and lead to a large number of small crystallites. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jun, SI (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM prack@utk.edu RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022104 DI 10.1063/1.2219136 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100044 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Sordelet, DJ AF Lee, Min Ha Sordelet, Daniel J. TI Synthesis of bulk metallic glass foam by powder extrusion with a fugitive second phase SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WARM EXTRUSION; MATRIX COMPOSITES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; PLASTICITY AB Bulk metallic glass foams with 12 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length having a density of 4.62 g/cm(3) (approximately 58.3% of theoretical) were fabricated by extruding a powder mixture comprised of 60 vol % Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 metallic glass blended with 40 vol % brass followed by dissolution of the fugitive brass in an aqueous HNO3 solution. The final structure consists of continuously connected, high aspect ratio metallic glass struts surrounded by similar to 40 vol % of homogeneously distributed ellipsoid-shaped pores having nominal diameters between 10 and 50 mu m. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, MH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhlee@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021921 DI 10.1063/1.2221882 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100039 ER PT J AU Li, YL Guo, WM Harkay, K Liu, WM AF Li, Yuelin Guo, Weiming Harkay, Katherine Liu, Wanming TI Storage-ring-based, ultrashort positron beam source SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We propose a scheme to generate high-flux, short-burst gamma-ray radiation and its application for generating ultrashort positron beams. The intense gamma-ray bursts are generated from short laser pulses scattering off high-energy electron beams in a storage ring. The gamma-ray bursts are then used, to irradiate thin metal targets to generate the positron beams via pair production. Using the example of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring, more than 10(7) positrons/s in 1 ps pulses at energies of a few MeV can be generated. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ylli@aps.anl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021113 DI 10.1063/1.2221503 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100013 ER PT J AU Miao, GX LeClair, P Gupta, A Xiao, G Varela, M Pennycook, S AF Miao, G. X. LeClair, P. Gupta, A. Xiao, G. Varela, M. Pennycook, S. TI Magnetic tunnel junctions based on CrO2/SnO2 epitaxial bilayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETS; FILMS AB Magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated using thin films of the half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2, employing SnO2 tunnel barriers. Heteroepitaxial CrO2/SnO2 bilayers were grown on (100)-TiO2 substrates via chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed heteroepitaxy. A polycrystalline cobalt film forms the top magnetic electrode, yielding CrO2(001)/SnO2(001)/Co structures after patterning. Tunneling magnetoresistances (TMR) up to +14% at 10 K were observed. The, sign of the TMR reverses for barrier thicknesses < 1 nm, attributed to tunneling being dominated by Co-3d states at low thicknesses and Co-4s states at larger thicknesses. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miao, GX (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM pleclair@alum.mit.edu RI Miao, Guo-Xing/A-2411-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; LeClair, Patrick/A-1875-2010; Xiao, Gang/G-5691-2011; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Miao, Guo-Xing/0000-0002-8735-8077; LeClair, Patrick/0000-0003-4134-2608; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022511 DI 10.1063/1.2216109 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074DO UT WOS:000239793100071 ER PT J AU Shen, JJ Abel, T Mo, HJ Sheth, RK AF Shen, Jiajian Abel, Tom Mo, H. J. Sheth, Ravi K. TI An excursion set model of the cosmic web: The abundance of sheets, filaments, and halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE large-scale structure of universe ID CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DARK-MATTER HALOES; ELLIPSOIDAL COLLAPSE; MOVING BARRIER; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; PERTURBATIONS; SUPERCLUSTER AB We discuss an analytic approach for modeling structure formation in sheets, filaments, and knots. This is accomplished by combining models of triaxial collapse with the excursion set approach: sheets are defined as objects that have collapsed along only one axis, filaments have collapsed along two axes, and halos are objects in which triaxial collapse is complete. In the simplest version of this approach, which we develop here, large-scale structure shows a clear hierarchy of morphologies: the mass in large-scale sheets is partitioned up among lower mass filaments, which themselves are made up of still lower mass halos. Our approach provides analytic estimates of the mass fraction in sheets, filaments, and halos and its evolution, for any background cosmological model and any initial fluctuation spectrum. In the currently popular boolean AND CDM model, our analysis suggests that more than 99% of the cosmic mass is in sheets, and 72% in filaments, with mass larger than 10(10) M-circle dot at the present time. For halos, this number is only 46%. Our approach also provides analytic estimates of how halo abundances at any given time correlate with the morphology of the surrounding large-scale structure and how halo evolution correlates with the morphology of large-scale structure. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shen, JJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1086/504513 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900001 ER PT J AU Nugent, P Sullivan, M Ellis, R Gal-Yam, A Leonard, DC Howell, DA Astier, P Carlberg, RG Conley, A Fabbro, S Fouchez, D Neill, JD Pain, R Perrett, K Pritchet, CJ Regnault, N AF Nugent, Peter Sullivan, Mark Ellis, Richard Gal-Yam, Avishay Leonard, Douglas C. Howell, D. Andrew Astier, Pierre Carlberg, Raymond G. Conley, Alex Fabbro, Sebastien Fouchez, Dominique Neill, James D. Pain, Reynald Perrett, Kathy Pritchet, Chris J. Regnault, Nicolas TI Toward a cosmological Hubble diagram for Type II-P supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; supernovae : general ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LEGACY SURVEY; DISTANCE; GALAXY; OMEGA(LAMBDA); PROGENITOR; SN-1999EM; OMEGA(M); STARS AB We present the first high-redshift Hubble diagram for Type II-P supernovae ( SNe II-P) based on five events at redshift up to z similar to 0.3. This diagram was constructed using photometry from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey and absorption-line spectroscopy from the Keck Observatory. The method used to measure distances to these supernovae is based on recent work by Hamuy & Pinto and exploits a correlation between the absolute brightness of SNe II-P and the expansion velocities derived from the minimum of the Fe (II) lambda 5169 P Cygni feature observed during the plateau phases. We present three refinements to this method that significantly improve the practicality of measuring the distances of SNe II-P at cosmologically interesting redshifts. These are an extinction correction measurement based on the V-I colors at day 50, a cross-correlation measurement for the expansion velocity, and the ability to extrapolate such velocities accurately over almost the entire plateau phase. We apply this revised method to our data set of high-redshift SNe II-P and find that the resulting Hubble diagram has a scatter of only 0.26 mag, thus demonstrating the feasibility of measuring the expansion history, with present facilities, using a method independent of that based on supernovae of Type Ia. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75005 Paris, France. Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, Ctr Multidisciplinar Astrofis, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Nugent, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 NR 39 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 841 EP 850 DI 10.1086/504413 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900007 ER PT J AU Barkhouse, WA Green, PJ Vikhlinin, A Kim, DW Perley, D Cameron, R Silverman, J Mossman, A Burenin, R Jannuzi, BT Kim, M Smith, MG Smith, RC Tananbaum, H Wilkes, BJ AF Barkhouse, W. A. Green, P. J. Vikhlinin, A. Kim, D. -W. Perley, D. Cameron, R. Silverman, J. Mossman, A. Burenin, R. Jannuzi, B. T. Kim, M. Smith, M. G. Smith, R. C. Tananbaum, H. Wilkes, B. J. TI ChaMP serendipitous galaxy cluster survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; DEGREE ROSAT SURVEY; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES AB We present a survey of serendipitous extended X-ray sources and optical cluster candidates from the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP). Our main goal is to make an unbiased comparison of X-ray and optical cluster detection methods. In 130 archival Chandra pointings covering 13 deg(2), we use a wavelet decomposition technique to detect 55 extended sources, of which 6 are nearby single galaxies. Our X-ray cluster catalog reaches a typical flux limit of about similar to 10(-14) ergs cm(-2) s(-1), with a median cluster core radius of 21". For 56 of the 130 X-ray fields, we use the ChaMP's deep NOAO 4 m MOSAIC g', r', and i' imaging to independently detect cluster candidates using a Voronoi tessellation and percolation (VTP) method. Red-sequence filtering decreases the galaxy fore- and background ontamination and provides photometric redshifts to z similar to 0.7. From the overlapping 6.1 deg(2) X-ray/optical imaging, we find 115 optical clusters (of which 11% are in the X-ray catalog) and 28 X-ray clusters (of which 46% are in the optical VTP catalog). The median redshift of the 13 X-ray/optical clusters is 0.41, and their median X-ray luminosity (0.5-2 keV) is L-X = (2.65 +/- 0.19) x 10(43) ergs s(-1). The clusters in our sample that are only detected in our optical data are poorer on average (similar to 4 sigma) than the X-ray/optically matched clusters, which may partially explain the difference in the detection fractions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena 603, Chile. RP Barkhouse, WA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 88 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 955 EP 976 DI 10.1086/504457 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900018 ER PT J AU Gnedin, NY Kravtsov, AV AF Gnedin, Nickolay Y. Kravtsov, Andrey V. TI Fossils of reionization in the local group SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; methods : numerical; stars : formation ID MISSING-SATELLITES PROBLEM; LOW-MASS GALAXIES; COLD DARK-MATTER; DWARF GALAXIES; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC SATELLITES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; 1ST GALAXIES; MILKY-WAY; SUBSTRUCTURE AB We use a combination of high-resolution gas dynamics simulations of high-redshift dwarf galaxies and dissipationless simulations of a Milky Way-sized halo to estimate the expected abundance and spatial distribution of the dwarf satellite galaxies that formed most of their stars around z similar to 8, evolving only little since then. Such galaxies can be considered "fossils" of the reionization era, and studying their properties could provide a direct window into the early, pre-reionization stages of galaxy formation. We show that similar to 5%-15% of the objects existing at z similar to 8 do indeed survive until the present in a Milky Way-like environment without significant evolution. This implies that it is plausible that the fossil dwarf galaxies do exist in the Local Group. Because such galaxies form their stellar systems early during the period of active merging and accretion, they should have a spheroidal morphology regardless of their current distance from the host galaxy. Their observed counterparts should therefore be identified among the dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We show that both the expected luminosity function and the spatial distribution of dark matter halos that are likely to host fossil galaxies agree reasonably well with the observed distributions of the luminous (L-V greater than or similar to 10(6) L-circle dot) Local Group fossil candidates near the host galaxy (d less than or similar to 200 kpc). However, the predicted abundance is substantially larger (by a factor of 2-3) for fainter galaxies (L-V < 10(6) L-circle dot) at larger distances (d greater than or similar to 300 kpc). We discuss several possible explanations for this discrepancy. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gnedin, NY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gnedin@fnal.gov; andrey@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1086/504404 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XT UT WOS:000239053900025 ER PT J AU Staff, JE Ouyed, R Jaikumar, P AF Staff, Jan E. Ouyed, Rachid Jaikumar, Prashanth TI Quark deconfinement in neutron star cores: The effects of spin-down SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dense matter; equation of state; magnetic fields; stars : neutron ID EQUATION; MODELS; MATTER; NOVAE; PHASE AB We study the role of spin-down in driving quark deconfinement in the high-density cores of isolated neutron stars. Assuming spin-down to be solely due to magnetic braking, we obtain typical timescales to quark deconfinement for neutron stars that are born with Keplerian frequencies. Employing different equations of state (EOSs), we determine the minimum and maximum neutron star masses that will allow for deconfinement via spin-down only. We find that the time to reach deconfinement is strongly dependent on the magnetic field and that this time is least for EOSs that support the largest minimum mass at zero spin, unless rotational effects on stellar structure are large. For a fiducial critical density of 5 rho(0) for the transition to the quark phase (rho(0) = 2.5 x 10(14) g cm(-3) is the saturation density of nuclear matter), we find that neutron stars lighter than 1.5 M, cannot reach a deconfined phase. Depending on the EOS, neutron stars of more than 1.5 M-circle dot can enter a quark phase only if they are spinning faster than about 3 ms as observed now, whereas larger spin periods imply either that they are already quark stars or that they will never become them. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Staff, JE (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM jstaff@phas.ucalgary.ca; ouyed@phas.ucalgary.ca; jaikumar@phy.anl.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 2 BP L145 EP L148 DI 10.1086/506255 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XW UT WOS:000239054200015 ER PT J AU Zhao, YF Dillon, AC Kim, YH Heben, MJ Zhang, SB AF Zhao, Yufeng Dillon, Anne C. Kim, Yong-Hyun Heben, Michael J. Zhang, S. B. TI Self-catalyzed hydrogenation and dihydrogen adsorption on titanium carbide nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; AB-INITIO; METAL; CLUSTERS; STORAGE; TI8C12; CARBON; METALLOCARBOHEDRENES; NANOCRYSTALS AB The adsorptions of H(2) on metallocarbohedrene Ti(8)Cl(2), and nanocrystal Ti(14)C(13) are studied using first-principles calculations. The Ti atoms serve as catalyst to mediate the dissociation of H(2) to form carbon hydrides, which otherwise would not form. Ti atoms on the surface of the nanocarbides are capable of coordinating with multiple dihydrogen ligands. High hydrogen capacities, 6.1 wt% for Ti(8)C(12) and 7.7 wt% for Ti(14)C(13), were obtained with more than 80% of the H bound in the energy range between 0.17 and 0.89 eV/ H(2). Once the nanoparticles form a macroscopic material, the amount of chemisorbed hydrogen decreases, but additional hydrogen molecules is then up-taken through physisorption. Our study suggests that TiC nanoparticles have potential for H storage at near ambient conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhao, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yufeng_zhao@nrel.gov RI Kim, Yong-Hyun/C-2045-2011; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Kim, Yong-Hyun/0000-0003-4255-2068; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 425 IS 4-6 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.05.034 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 060JT UT WOS:000238799200019 ER PT J AU Bavykin, S AF Bavykin, S. TI New classification of B-cereus group as a basis for B-anthracis and related pathogens identification with DNA microarray SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Frontiers of Pharmacology and Toxicology CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Univ Illinois, Toxicol Res Lab, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Res Ctr, Appl Biosyst, Elsevier, Soc Toxicol, Labcat, Waters Corp, Hilltop Lab Anim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Marshall Farms, Thermo Electron N Amer LLC, AniLytics, EMKA Technologies, PerkinElmer, Life & Analyt Sci C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Environm & Secur Sci & Technol, Argonne, IL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 3 SI SI BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 076UB UT WOS:000239982200013 ER PT J AU Bavykin, S Yershov, G Kelly, J Kukhtin, A Alferov, O Chernov, B Golova, J Perov, A Chandler, D AF Bavykin, S. Yershov, G. Kelly, J. Kukhtin, A. Alferov, O. Chernov, B. Golova, J. Perov, A. Chandler, D. TI Portable system for microbial sample preparation and Bacillus cereus group pathogen analysis with oligonucleotide microarray SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Frontiers of Pharmacology and Toxicology CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Univ Illinois, Toxicol Res Lab, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Res Ctr, Appl Biosyst, Elsevier, Soc Toxicol, Labcat, Waters Corp, Hilltop Lab Anim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Marshall Farms, Thermo Electron N Amer LLC, AniLytics, EMKA Technologies, PerkinElmer, Life & Analyt Sci C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Environm & Secur Sci & Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Akonni Biosyst, New Market, MD USA. Aurora Photon Inc, Lake Barrington, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 3 SI SI BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 076UB UT WOS:000239982200064 ER PT J AU Zhao, DH Borders, B Wilson, M Rathbun, SL AF Zhao, DH Borders, B Wilson, M Rathbun, SL TI Modeling neighborhood effects on the growth and survival of individual trees in a natural temperate species-rich forest SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE mixed forest; competition index; neighborhood effects; individual-based approach; survival ID KALIMANTAN INDONESIAN BORNEO; COMPETITION INDEXES; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; HARDWOOD STANDS; MORTALITY; INTERFERENCE; POPULATIONS; COEXISTENCE; COMMUNITY AB Understanding the mode of tree interactions in mixed-species forest stands with high species richness is critical for modeling ecological dynamics and developing tools to support management decisions in such stands. Using stem-mapped data from a large permanent plot in a natural temperate species-rich forest in the southeastern USA, we developed individual-based spatially explicit diameter growth and survival models for each species group to quantify local neighborhood effects, in which tree growth and survival were assumed to be a function of initial size and neighbor competition indices. These models explicitly partition the competitive effects into the effects of different species groups of neighbors. This individual-based approach seems effective in detecting density-dependent relationships and understanding the ecological processes of the mixed-species stand. We found evidence for some density-related effects on the survival and growth in the plot. Among trees in the plot, the effects of con-group neighborhoods on growth were negative, and more prevalent; but only two cases of significant effects of con-group neighborhoods on survival were detected, one was negative, another was positive. The effects of hetero-group neighbors on growth and survival could be too weak to be detectable, significantly negative or significantly positive. The competitive effects among different species are unequal and asymmetric, and the identity of neighboring species is necessary in the analysis. Application of this modeling approach is helpful for investigating the complicated competitive relationships and thus improving our understanding the ecological processes of mixed-species forests with high species richness. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhao, DH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dzhao@smokey.forestry.uga.edu OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 196 IS 1-2 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.002 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058BK UT WOS:000238638900006 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Ortiz-Monasterio, JI AF Lobell, DB Ortiz-Monasterio, JI TI Regional importance of crop yield constraints: Linking simulation models and geostatistics to interpret spatial patterns SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE land quality; yield gap; wheat; remote sensing; simulation; landscape ID LAND QUALITY INDICATORS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; IRRIGATED WHEAT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; WATER; AVAILABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; SYSTEMS AB Over the next few decades, a central goal of agricultural research and policy will be to increase average regional crop yields in the face of diminished gains in genetic yield potential, likely climatic changes, decreased resource availability, and stricter environmental standards. Fundamental to the pursuit of effective investment strategies is an ability to quantify tradeoffs associated with potential policy and management changes. However, the data needed to predict regional yield responses to change, namely observations of yields and climatic, soil, and management conditions in farmers' fields, are often difficult to obtain. In this paper, we investigate the value of data on the spatial distribution of yields for understanding causes of landscape yield variability. Stochastic simulation models, which employ the CERES model to simulate crop yields across a landscape, are used to translate assumed spatial patterns of soil and management conditions into spatial pattern of yields. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to repeat this process for many different realizations of conditions, resulting in a modeled relationship between yield patterns and the relative importance of soil and management yield constraints, both of which can be computed in the controlled simulation environment. The derived relationship then allows one to infer from observed yield patterns the true proportion of yield variability explained by soil and management. This procedure was tested for wheat in the Yaqui Valley, an intensive agricultural region in Sonora, Mexico, where yield patterns have been previously estimated with remote sensing. Comparison of simulated and observed yield patterns indicated that roughly 80% of spatial yield variance in 2001-2002 was attributable to management variations. The ability of simulation models to aid interpretation of landscape patterns is potentially invaluable for understanding yield constraints in many agricultural regions, where direct observations of soil and management variables are infeasible. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CIMMYT, Wheat Program, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlobell@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 196 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.030 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058BK UT WOS:000238638900012 ER PT J AU Zubarev, DY Li, J Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI AF Zubarev, DY Li, J Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI TI Theoretical probing of deltahedral closo-AuroBoranes BxAux2-(x=5-12) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; CENTERED GOLD CLUSTER; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; COMPLEXES; ATOMS; AUB2; STANNABORATE AB Using density functional theory calculations, here we show that a series of BxAux2- (x = 5-12) dianions possesses structure and bonding similar to the famous deltahedral closo-borane cages, BxHx2-. Effective atomic charges on Au in BxAux2- are very similar to those on H in BxHx2-, indicating that Au in the closo-auroboranes is indeed analogous to H in the closo-boranes. The present theoretical predictions of BxAux2- suggest that the closo-auroborane species are viable new chemical building blocks that may be synthesized in bulk. The Au atoms in the closo-auroboranes represent highly atomically dispersed Au and may potentially exhibit novel catalytic and chemical properties. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jun.Li@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov; boldyrev@cc.usu.edu RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 5269 EP 5271 DI 10.1021/ic060615i PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059JE UT WOS:000238728300012 PM 16813385 ER PT J AU Ibdah, A Jenks, WS Espenson, JH AF Ibdah, Abdellatif Jenks, William S. Espenson, James H. TI Kinetics, mechanism, and computational studies of rhenium-catalyzed desulfurization reactions of thiiranes (thioepoxides) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR ATOM-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; OXYGEN-ATOM; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; COMPLEXES; OXORHENIUM(V); TUNGSTEN; MOLYBDENUM; THERMOCHEMISTRY; EPISULFIDES AB The oxorhenium(V) dimer {MeReO(edt)}(2) (1; where edt = 1,2-ethanedithiolate) catalyzes S atom transfer from thiiranes to triarylphosphines and triarylarsines. Despite the fact that phosphines are more nucleophilic than arsines, phosphines are less effective because they rapidly convert the dimer catalyst to the much less reactive catalyst [MeReO(edt)(PAr3)] (2). With AsAr3, which does not yield the monomer, the rate law is given by v = k[thiirane][1], independent of the arsine concentration. The values of k at 25.0 degrees C in CDCl3 are 5.58 +/- 0.08 L mol(-1) s(-1) for cyclohexene sulfide and ca. 2 L mol(-1) s(-1) for propylene sulfide. The activation parameters for cyclohexene sulfide are Delta H-double dagger = 10.0 +/- 0.9 kcal mol(-1) and Delta S-double dagger = 21 +/- 3 cal K-1 mol(-1). Arsine enters the catalytic cycle after the rate-controlling release of alkene, undergoing a reaction with the Re-VII(O)(S) intermediate that is so rapid in comparison that it cannot be studied directly. The use of a kinetic competition method provided relative rate constants and a Hammett reaction constant, rho = -1.0. Computations showed that there is little thermodynamic selectivity for arsine attack at O or S of the intermediate. There is, however, a large kinetic selectivity in favor of Ar3AsS formation: the calculated values of Delta H-double dagger for attack of AsAr3 at Re=O vs Re=S in Re-VII(O)(S) are 23.2 and 1.1 kcal mol(-1), respectively. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jenks, WS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wsjenks@iastate.edu; espenson@iastate.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 5351 EP 5357 DI 10.1021/ic0521426 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059JE UT WOS:000238728300025 PM 16813398 ER PT J AU Stephenson, NA Bell, AT AF Stephenson, NA Bell, AT TI Effects of methanol on the thermodynamics of iron(III) [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)] porphyrin chloride dissociation and the creation of catalytically active species for the epoxidation of cyclooctene SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IRON PORPHYRIN; HETEROLYTIC CLEAVAGE; ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDES; FIELD STRENGTHS; COMPLEX; MECHANISM; LIGAND; OLEFINS AB In a previous study, the authors showed that iron(III) [ tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)] porphyrin chloride [(F20TPP)FeCl]is catalytically inactive for cyclooctene epoxidation by hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile but is catalytically active if the solvent contains methanol. It was suggested that the precursor to the active species is (F20TPP)Fe(OCH3) in methanol-containing solvents. The present study was aimed at evaluating this hypothesis. (F20TPP) Fe(OCH3) was synthesized and characterized by H-1 NMR but was found to be inactive in both acetonitrile and methanol. Further investigation of the interactions of (F20TPP) FeCl with methanol in acetonitrile/methanol mixtures was then carried out using NMR. Two species, characterized by H-1 NMR resonances at 82 and 65 ppm, were observed. The first resonance is attributed to the, ss-pyrrole protons on molecularly dissolved (F20TPP) FeCl, whereas the second is attributed to,-pyrrole protons of [(F20TPP) Fe](+) cations that are stabilized by coordination with a molecule of methanol, viz., [(F20TPP) Fe(CH3OH)] +. The relative concentration of [(F20TPP) Fe(CH3OH)](+) increases as the fraction of methanol in the solvent increases, suggesting that methanol facilitates the dissociation of (F20TPP) FeCl into cations and anions. A thermodynamic model of the dissociation is proposed and found to describe successfully the experimental observation over a range of solvent compositions, porphyrin concentrations, and temperatures. UV-visible spectroscopy was also used to validate the developed model. In addition, the observed rate constant for cyclooctene epoxidation was found to be proportional to the concentration of [(F20TPP) Fe(CH3OH)](+) calculated using the thermodynamic model, suggesting that this intermediate is a precursor to the species that catalyzes olefin epoxidation. The catalytic activity of [(F20TPP) Fe(CH3OH)](+) was further confirmed through experiments in which (F20TPP) Fe(OCH3) dissolved in methanol was reacted with HCl(aq). This reaction produced a product with an NMR peak at 65 ppm attributable to [(F20TPP) Fe(CH3OH)](+), and this mixture was found to have activity for cyclooctene epoxidation similar to that of (F20TPP) FeCl dissolved in methanol. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bell@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 5591 EP 5599 DI 10.1021/ic0521067 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059JE UT WOS:000238728300050 PM 16813423 ER PT J AU Boukhalfa, H Reilly, SD Michalczyk, R Iyer, S Neu, MP AF Boukhalfa, H Reilly, SD Michalczyk, R Iyer, S Neu, MP TI Iron(III) coordination properties of a pyoverdin siderophore produced by Pseudomonas putida ATCC 33015 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL IRON TRANSPORT; GROWTH PROMOTING PSEUDOMONAS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS KA; HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DELTA-HA; ACID; CHEMISTRY; ENTEROBACTIN AB The iron complexation of a fluorescent green pyoverdin siderophore produced by the environmental bacterium Pseudomonas putida was characterized by solution thermodynamic methods. Pyoverdin binds iron through three bidentate chelate groups, a catecholate, a hydroxamate, and an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid. The deprotonation constants of the free pyoverdin and Fe(III)-pyoverdin complex were determined through a series of potentiometric and spectrophotometric experiments. The ferric complex of pyoverdin forms at very low pH (pH < 2), but full iron coordination does not occur until neutral pH. The calculated pM value of 25.13 is slightly lower than that for pyoverdin PaA (pM = 27), which coordinates iron by a catecholate and two hydroxamate groups. The redox potential of Fe-pyoverdin was found to be very pH sensitive. At high pH (similar to pH 9-11) where pyoverdin coordinates Fe in a hexadentate mode the redox potential is -0.480 V (NHE); however, at neutral pH where full Fe coordination is incomplete, the redox potential is more positive (E-1/2 = -0.395 V). The positive shift in the redox potential and the partial dissociation of the Fe-pyoverdin complex with pH decrease provides a path toward in vivo iron release. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mneu@lanl.gov OI Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 5607 EP 5616 DI 10.1021/ic060196p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059JE UT WOS:000238728300052 PM 16813425 ER PT J AU Kowalski, K AF Kowalski, K TI Locally renormalized coupled-cluster equations for singly and doubly excited clusters SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FULL CCSDT MODEL; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; APPROXIMATE ACCOUNT; PERTURBATIVE CORRECTIONS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; ENERGY DERIVATIVES; BOND-BREAKING; TRIPLE BOND; IMPLEMENTATION; SYSTEMS AB The Numerator-Denominator Connected (NDC) Expansion for the Coupled-Cluster (CC) method [K. Kowalski and P. Piecuch, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074107 (2005)], is used to construct a new set of stationary conditions for approximate coupled-cluster approaches. Several CC approximations based on models involving singles and doubles (CCSD) are developed and discussed in the context of ground-state applications. The resulting locally-renormalized CCSD (LR-CCSD) equations are shown to regularize the expressions for the cluster amplitudes in the challenging situations that occur when the orbital energy differences approach zero. Affordable schemes for handling the local denominators (all-holes-J(n) coupling), that naturally appear in locally renormalized formalisms, are also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kowalski, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, K8-91,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karol.kowalski@pnl.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 13-14 BP 1989 EP 1997 DI 10.1080/00268970600668629 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 057RI UT WOS:000238612500003 ER PT J AU Hatta, Y Iancu, E Marquet, C Soyez, G Triantafyllopoulos, DN AF Hatta, Y. Iancu, E. Marquet, C. Soyez, G. Triantafyllopoulos, D. N. TI Diffusive scaling and the high-energy limit of deep inelastic scattering in QCD at large N-c SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; DIFFRACTIVE STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; SMALL-X; DIPOLE PICTURE; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BFKL POMERON; PERTURBATIVE QCD; LARGE NUCLEI; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP AB Within the limits of the large-N-c approximation (with N-c the number of colors), we establish the high-energy behaviour of the diffractive and inclusive cross-sections for deep inelastic scattering at fixed impact parameter. We demonstrate that for sufficiently high energies and up to very large values of Q(2), well above the proton average saturation momentum (Q(s)(2)), the cross-sections are dominated by dense fluctuations in the target wavefunction, that is, by the relatively rare gluon configurations which are at saturation on the resolution scale Q(2) of the virtual photon. This has important physical consequences, like the emergence of a new, diffusive, scaling, which replaces the "geometric scaling" property characteristic of the mean field approximation. To establish this, we shall rely on a dipole version of the Good-Walker formula for diffraction (that we shall derive here in the context of DIS), together with the high-energy estimates for the dipole scattering amplitudes which follow from the recently established evolution equations with pomeron loops and include the relevant fluctuations. We also find that, as a consequence of fluctuations, the diffiractive cross-section at high energy is dominated by the elastic scattering of the quark-antiquark component of the virtual photon, up to relatively large virtualities Q(2) >> (Q(s)(2)). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CEA, DSM, Serv Phys Theor Saclay, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. ECT, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Iancu, E (reprint author), CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. EM iancu@spht.saclay.cea.fr RI Triantafyllopoulos, Dionysios/J-2052-2014; OI Triantafyllopoulos, Dionysios/0000-0002-0952-4201; Soyez, Gregory/0000-0002-9490-9025 NR 124 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 773 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.04.003 PG 61 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 061SP UT WOS:000238893200005 ER PT J AU Lin, PT Sala, M Shadid, JN Tuminaro, RS AF Lin, Paul T. Sala, Marzio Shadid, John N. Tuminaro, Ray S. TI Performance of fully coupled algebraic multilevel domain decomposition preconditioners for incompressible flow and transport SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multilevel preconditioners; multigrid; finite element methods; Newton-Krylov; Schwarz domain decomposition preconditioners; graph partitioning ID 2-LEVEL SCHWARZ; ELEMENT; SIMULATIONS AB This study investigates algebraic multilevel domain decomposition preconditioners of the Schwarz type for solving linear systems associated with Newton-Krylov methods. The key component of the preconditioner is a coarse approximation based on algebraic multigrid ideas to approximate the global behaviour of the linear system. The algebraic multilevel preconditioner is based on an aggressive coarsening graph partitioning of the non-zero block structure of the Jacobian matrix. The scalability of the preconditioner is presented as well as comparisons with a two-level Schwarz preconditioner using a geometric coarse grid operator. These comparisons are obtained on large-scale distributed-memory parallel machines for systems arising from incompressible flow and transport using a stabilized finite element formulation. The results demonstrate the influence of the smoothers and coarse level solvers for a set of 3D example problems. For preconditioners with more than one level, careful attention needs to be given to the balance of robustness and convergence rate for the smoothers and the cost of applying these methods. For properly chosen parameters, the two- and three-level preconditioners are demonstrated to be scalable to 1024 processors. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ETH, Computat Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lin, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ptlin@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 9 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 2 BP 208 EP 225 DI 10.1002/nme.1624 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 063OY UT WOS:000239030500005 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ahrens, J Bai, X Bartelt, M Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becka, T Becker, JK Becker, KH Berghaus, P Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Boersma, DJ Boser, S Botner, O Bouchta, A Bouhali, O Burgess, C Burgess, T Castermans, T Chirkin, D Collin, B Conrad, J Cooley, J Cowen, DF Davour, A De Clercq, C de los Heros, CP Desiati, P DeYoung, T Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaisser, TK Ganugapati, R Geenen, H Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Gross, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, DH Harenberg, T Hauschildt, T Helbing, K Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hodges, J Hubert, D Hughey, B Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Kampert, KH Karle, A Kestel, M Kohnen, G Kopke, L Kowalski, M Kuehn, K Lang, R Leich, H Leuthold, M Liubarsky, I Lundberg, J Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS McParland, CP Messarius, T Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Morse, R Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Olbrechts, P Pohl, AC Porrata, R Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Richter, S Martino, JR Sander, HG Schlenstedt, S Schneider, D Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Sulanke, KH Taboada, I Tarasova, O Thollander, L Tilav, S Wagner, W Walck, C Walter, M Wang, YR Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K AF Ackermann, M. Ahrens, J. Bai, X. Bartelt, M. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. C. Becka, T. Becker, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Berghaus, P. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Boersma, D. J. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bouchta, A. Bouhali, O. Burgess, C. Burgess, T. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Collin, B. Conrad, J. Cooley, J. Cowen, D. F. Davour, A. De Clercq, C. de los Heros, C. P. Desiati, P. DeYoung, T. Ekstroem, P. Feser, T. Gaisser, T. K. Ganugapati, R. Geenen, H. Gerhardt, L. Goldschmidt, A. Gross, A. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Hanson, K. Hardtke, D. H. Harenberg, T. Hauschildt, T. Helbing, K. Hellwig, M. Herquet, P. Hill, G. C. Hodges, J. Hubert, D. Hughey, B. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hundertmark, S. Jacobsen, J. Kampert, K. H. Karle, A. Kestel, M. Kohnen, G. Koepke, L. Kowalski, M. Kuehn, K. Lang, R. Leich, H. Leuthold, M. Liubarsky, I. Lundberg, J. Madsen, J. Marciniewski, P. Matis, H. S. McParland, C. P. Messarius, T. Minaeva, Y. Miocinovic, P. Morse, R. Muenich, K. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Neunhoeffer, T. Niessen, P. Nygren, D. R. Olbrechts, P. Pohl, A. C. Porrata, R. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Richter, S. Martino, J. Rodriguez Sander, H. -G. Schlenstedt, S. Schneider, D. Schwarz, R. Silvestri, A. Solarz, M. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Steele, D. Steffen, P. Stokstad, R. G. Sulanke, K. -H. Taboada, I. Tarasova, O. Thollander, L. Tilav, S. Wagner, W. Walck, C. Walter, M. Wang, Y. -R. Wiebusch, C. H. Wischnewski, R. Wissing, H. Woschnagg, K. TI Optical properties of deep glacial ice at the South Pole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-HYDRATE CRYSTALS; ANTARCTIC ICE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; EAST ANTARCTICA; SNOWBALL EARTH; DUST; CORE; ULTRAVIOLET; SCATTERING; CLIMATE AB [ 1] We have remotely mapped optical scattering and absorption in glacial ice at the South Pole for wavelengths between 313 and 560 nm and depths between 1100 and 2350 m. We used pulsed and continuous light sources embedded with the AMANDA neutrino telescope, an array of more than six hundred photomultiplier tubes buried deep in the ice. At depths greater than 1300 m, both the scattering coefficient and absorptivity follow vertical variations in concentration of dust impurities, which are seen in ice cores from other Antarctic sites and which track climatological changes. The scattering coefficient varies by a factor of seven, and absorptivity ( for wavelengths less than similar to 450 nm) varies by a factor of three in the depth range between 1300 and 2300 m, where four dust peaks due to stadials in the late Pleistocene have been identified. In our absorption data, we also identify a broad peak due to the Last Glacial Maximum around 1300 m. In the scattering data, this peak is partially masked by scattering on residual air bubbles, whose contribution dominates the scattering coefficient in shallower ice but vanishes at similar to 1350 m where all bubbles have converted to nonscattering air hydrates. The wavelength dependence of scattering by dust is described by a power law with exponent - 0.90 +/- 0.03, independent of depth. The wavelength dependence of absorptivity in the studied wavelength range is described by the sum of two components: a power law due to absorption by dust, with exponent - 1.08 +/- 0.01 and a normalization proportional to dust concentration that varies with depth; and a rising exponential due to intrinsic ice absorption which dominates at wavelengths greater than similar to 500 nm. C1 DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uppsala Univ, Div High Energy Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Mons, Fac Sci, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Vrije Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RI Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X NR 44 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D13 AR D13203 DI 10.1029/2005JD006687 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 062OA UT WOS:000238953200002 ER PT J AU Shirley, TR Brune, WH Ren, X Mao, J Lesher, R Cardenas, B Volkamer, R Molina, LT Molina, MJ Lamb, B Velasco, E Jobson, T Alexander, M AF Shirley, T. R. Brune, W. H. Ren, X. Mao, J. Lesher, R. Cardenas, B. Volkamer, R. Molina, L. T. Molina, M. J. Lamb, B. Velasco, E. Jobson, T. Alexander, M. TI Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NEW-YORK-CITY; OH REACTIVITY; HO2 CONCENTRATIONS; SUMMER 1999; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; MECHANISM; RADICALS; NASHVILLE AB The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of many atmospheric constituents, including OH and HO2. It provided the first opportunity to examine atmospheric oxidation in a megacity in a developing country that has more pollution than typical U. S. and European cities. At midday, OH typically reached 0.35 pptv ( similar to 7 x 10(6) cm(-3)), comparable to amounts observed in U. S. cities, but HO2 reached 40 pptv, more than observed in most U. S. cities. The OH reactivity was also measured, even during the highly polluted morning rush hour. MCMA's OH reactivity was 25 s(-1) during most of the day and 120 s(-1) at morning rush hour, which was several times greater than has been measured in any U. S. city. Median measured and modeled OH and HO2 agreed to within combined uncertainties, although for OH, the model exceeded the measurement by more than 30% during midday. OH production and loss, which were calculated from measurements, were in balance to within uncertainties, although production exceeded loss during morning rush hour. This imbalance has been observed in other cities. The HO2/ OH ratio from measurements and steady-state analyses have essentially the same dependence on NO, except when NO was near 100 ppbv. This agreement is unlike other urban studies, in which HO2/ OH ratio decreased much less than expected as NO increased. As a result of the active photochemistry in MCMA 2003, the median calculated ozone production from measured HO2 reached 50 ppb h(-1), a much higher rate than observed in U. S. cities. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Autonomous Metropolitan Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brune, WH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brune@ems.psu.edu RI Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Ren, Xinrong/B-2229-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 NR 32 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 22 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 2753 EP 2765 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 061CP UT WOS:000238849100001 ER PT J AU Han, BG Guliaev, AB Walian, PJ Jap, BK AF Han, Bong-Gyoon Guliaev, Anton B. Walian, Peter J. Jap, Bing K. TI Water transport in AQP0 aquaporin: Molecular dynamics studies SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane proteins; aquaporins; water channels; molecular dynamics simulations ID GLYCEROL CONDUCTION; ANGSTROM STRUCTURE; CHANNEL; GLPF; SIMULATIONS; SELECTIVITY; PERMEATION; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; ENERGETICS AB A double lipid bilayer structure containing opposing tetramers of AQP0 aquaporin, in contact through extracellular face loop regions, was recently modeled using an intermediate-resolution map obtained by electron crystallographic methods. The pores of these water channels were found to be critically narrow in three regions and subsequently interpreted to be those of a closed state of the channel. The subsequent determination of a high-resolution AQP0 tetramer structure by X-ray crystallographic methods yielded a pore model featuring two of the three constrictions as noted in the EM work and water molecules within the channel pore. The extracellular-side constriction region of this AQP0 structure was significantly larger than that of the EM-based model and similar to that of the highly water permeable AQP1. The X-ray-based study of AQP0 however could not ascertain if the water molecules found in the bore were the result of water entering from one or both ends of the channel, nor whether water could freely pass through all constriction points. Additionally, this X-ray-based structure could not provide an answer to the question of whether the double lipid bilayer configuration of AQP0 Could functionally maintain a water impermeable state of the channel. To address these questions we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to compare the time-dependent behavior of the AQP0 and AQP1 channels within lipid bilayers. The simulations demonstrate that AQP0, in single or double lipid bilayers, is not closed to water transport and that thermal motions of critical side-chains are sufficient to facilitate the movement of water past any of its constriction regions. These motional requirements do however lead to significant free energy barriers and help explain physiological observations that found water permeability in AQP0 to be substantially lower than in the AQP1 pore. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BKjap@lbl.gov RI Han, Bong-Gyoon/J-9120-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 054132] NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 360 IS 2 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.039 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 061AW UT WOS:000238844600004 PM 16756992 ER PT J AU Manjasetty, BA Chance, MR AF Manjasetty, Babu A. Chance, Mark R. TI Crystal structure of Escherichia coli L-arabinose isomerase (ECAI), the putative target of biological tagatose production SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE L-arabinose isomerase; tagatose production ID D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; D-GALACTOSE; GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; TRANSFER MECHANISM; HYDRIDE TRANSFER; HEAT-TREATMENT; L-FUCOSE; EXPRESSION AB Escherichia coli L-arabinose isomerase (ECAI; EC 5.3.1.4) catalyzes the isomerization of L-arabinose to L-ribulose in vivo. This enzyme is also of commercial interest as it catalyzes the conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose in vitro. The crystal structure of ECAI was solved and refined at 2.6 angstrom resolution. The subunit structure of ECAI is organised into three domains: an N-terminal, a central and a C-terminal domain. It forms a crystallographic trimeric architecture in the asymmetric unit. Packing within the crystal suggests the idea that ECAI can form a hexameric assembly. Previous electron microscopic and biochemical studies supports that ECAI is hexameric in solution. A comparison with other known structures reveals that ECAI adopts a protein fold most similar to E. coli fucose isomerase (ECFI) despite very low sequence identity 9.7%. The structural similarity between ECAI and ECFI with regard to number of domains, overall fold, biological assembly, and active site architecture strongly suggests that the enzymes have functional similarities. Further, the crystal structure of ECAI forms a basis for indentifying molecular determinants responsible for isomerization of arabinose to ribulose in vivo and galactose to tagatose in vitro. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York Struct Genomix Res Consortium, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Ctr Proteom, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Chance, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York Struct Genomix Res Consortium, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mark.chance@case.edu RI Manjasetty, Babu/F-8366-2013; OI Manjasetty, Dr. Babu/0000-0002-8229-4748 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB 01979]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM 74945] NR 63 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 360 IS 2 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.040 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 061AW UT WOS:000238844600005 PM 16756997 ER PT J AU Pilpa, RM Fadeev, EA Villareal, VA Wong, ML Phillips, M Clubb, RT AF Pilpa, Rosemarie M. Fadeev, Evgeny A. Villareal, Valerie A. Wong, Melissa L. Phillips, Martin Clubb, Robert T. TI Solution structure of the NEAT (NEAr Transporter) domain from IsdH/HarA: The human hemoglobin receptor in Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEAr transporter domain; NEAT domain; iron-regulated surface determinant; Isd ID PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS HEME; NMR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; OUTER-MEMBRANE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FOLD; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; IRON; PROTEIN; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; HAPTOGLOBIN AB During infections the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus procures the essential nutrient iron from its host using iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins, which scavenge heme bound iron from host hemoproteins. Four Isd proteins are displayed in the cell wall, where they function as receptors for host proteins and heme. Each of the receptors contains one or more copies of a recently discovered domain called NEAT (NEAr Transporter) that has been shown to mediate protein binding. Here we report the three-dimensional solution structure of the NEAT domain from the lsdH/HarA protein, which is the hemoglobin receptor in the Isd system. This is the first structure of a NEAT domain and reveals that they adopt a beta sandwich fold that consists of two five-stranded antiparallel beta sheets. Although unrelated at the primary sequence level, our results indicate that NEAT domains belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Binding studies indicate that two lsdH/HarA NEAT domains bind a single molecule of methemoglobin, while the distantly related NEAT domain from the S. aureus IsdC protein binds only heme. A comparison of their primary sequences in light of the new structure is used to predict the hemoglobin and heme binding surfaces on NEAT domains. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rialits reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom,Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom,Mol Biol Inst, 611 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rclubb@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 52217-01, R01 AI052217] NR 69 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 360 IS 2 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.05.019 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 061AW UT WOS:000238844600015 PM 16762363 ER PT J AU Aldridge, WS Hornstein, BJ Serron, S Dattelbaum, DM Schoonover, JR Meyer, TJ AF Aldridge, WS Hornstein, BJ Serron, S Dattelbaum, DM Schoonover, JR Meyer, TJ TI Synthesis and characterization of oligoproline-based molecular assemblies for light harvesting SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENERGY-TRANSFER PROCESSES; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; POLY-L-PROLINE; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; REDOX DERIVATIVES; SOLUBLE POLYMERS AB [GRAPHICS] Helical oligoproline arrays provide a structurally well-defined environment for building photochemical energy conversion assemblies. The use of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to prepare four such arrays, consisting of 16, 17, 18, and 19 amino acid residues, is described here. Each array contains the chromophore [Rub'(2)m](PF6)(2)(b = 4,4'-diethylamidocarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine; m) 4-methyl-2,2'-dipyridine-4'-carboxylic acid) and the electron transfer donor PTZ (phenothiazine). The arrays differ systematically in the distance between the redox-active metal complex and PTZ sites. They have been used in photophysical studies to provide insight into the distance dependence of electron transfer. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 14506-14514). This work describes the synthesis, purification, and characterization of the oligoproline arrays, including a general procedure for the synthesis of related arrays. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 14 BP 5186 EP 5190 DI 10.1021/jo0603936 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 058LC UT WOS:000238665500014 PM 16808505 ER PT J AU Samartzis, PC Hansen, N Wodtke, AM AF Samartzis, Peter C. Hansen, Nils Wodtke, Alec M. TI Imaging CIN3 photodissociation from 234 to 280 nm SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; BRANCHING RATIO; CHLORINE AZIDE; CYCLIC-N-3; SPECTRA; CLN3; ION; N-3; PHOTOELECTRON; DISSOCIATION AB We report Cl(P-2(3/2)) and Cl*(P-2(1/2)) fragment images following ClN3 photolysis in the 234-280 nm region measured by velocity map imaging. Kinetic energy distributions change shape with photolysis wavelength from bimodal at 234 and 240 nm to single peak at 266 and 280 nm. Where two peaks exist, their ratio is significantly different for Cl and Cl* fragments. The single peak of 266 and 280 nm and the faster peak at 234 and 240 nm are assigned to a Cl+ linear-N-3 dissociation channel, in agreement with previous work. The slow peak in the bimodal distributions is assigned to the formation of a high energy form (HEF) of N-3. Candidates for the identity of HEF-N-3 are discussed. Combining our data with photofragmentation translational spectroscopy results, we determined the threshold for the appearance of HEF-N-3 at 4.83 +/- 0.17 eV photolysis energy. This threshold behavior is similar to recently reported results on the wavelength dependence of HN3 photolysis, where the threshold was associated with a ring closed isomer of HN3 on the S-1 potential energy surface. We also note that the HEF-N-3 formation threshold observed for ClN3 occurs where the energy available to the products equals the isomerization barrier from linear to cyclic-N-3. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Samartzis, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM sama@chem.ucsb.edu RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Samartzis, Peter/H-4602-2012; Wodtke, Alec/I-4848-2012; OI Samartzis, Peter/0000-0001-8873-2326; Wodtke, Alec/0000-0002-6509-2183 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 25 BP 2958 EP 2963 DI 10.1039/b603129c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 062MQ UT WOS:000238949600007 PM 16880908 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Serrano, J Strecker, KE Chandler, DW AF Ramirez-Serrano, Jaime Strecker, Kevin E. Chandler, David W. TI Modification of the velocity distribution of H-2 molecules in a supersonic beam by intense pulsed optical gradients SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL MOLECULES; ATOMS; GAS; DEFLECTION; COLLISIONS; ARGON AB We report the acceleration and deceleration of H-2 molecules in a supersonic molecular beam by means of its interaction with an intense optical gradient from a nanosecond far-off-resonant optical pulse. The strong optical gradients are formed in the interference pattern of two intense optical pulses at 532 nm. The velocity distribution of the molecular beam, before and after the applied optical pulse, is measured by a velocity-mapped ion imaging technique. Changes in velocity up to 202 m s(-1) +/- 61 in s(-1) are observed in a molecular beam initially travelling at a mean speed of 563 m s(-1). We report the dependence of this change in velocity with the strength of the optical gradient applied. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chandler, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969s, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chand@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 25 BP 2985 EP 2989 DI 10.1039/b603177c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 062MQ UT WOS:000238949600010 PM 16880911 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cresciolo, F Cruz, A Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Herndon, M Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Acosta, D. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Bachacou, H. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Ben Haim, E. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chapman, J. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Chu, P. H. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Cresciolo, F. Cruz, A. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demers, S. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Devlin, T. Dionisi, C. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Ebina, K. Efron, J. Ehlers, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Flores-Castillo, L. R. Foland, A. Forrester, S. Foster, G. W. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Sciveres, M. Garcia Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, A. Gibson, K. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giolo, K. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Gotra, Y. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Griffiths, M. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, S. R. Hahn, K. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Hays, C. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Herndon, M. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ishizawa, Y. Ivanov, A. Iyutin, B. James, E. Jang, D. Jayatilaka, B. Jeans, D. Jensen, H. Jeon, E. J. Jindariani, S. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Kang, J. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kemp, Y. Kephart, R. Kerzel, U. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Klute, M. Knuteson, B. Ko, B. R. Kobayashi, H. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kovalev, A. Kraan, A. Kraus, J. Kravchenko, I. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kuhlmann, S. E. Kusakabe, Y. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Lai, S. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. LeCompte, T. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, Y. J. Lee, S. W. Lefevre, R. Leonardo, N. Leone, S. Levy, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. Lin, C. S. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Liss, T. M. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Martin, A. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. von der Mey, M. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Miller, J. S. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Miquel, R. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Naganoma, J. Nahn, S. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Naumov, D. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Ogawa, T. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Paoletti, R. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Rakitin, A. Rappoccio, S. Ratnikov, F. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. van Remortel, N. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robertson, W. J. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Rott, C. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfiligoi, I. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Skiba, A. Slaughter, A. J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spezziga, M. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. Denis, R. St. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sumorok, K. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tanimoto, N. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Tether, S. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Tonnesmann, M. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vaiciulis, A. Vallecorsa, S. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Walter, T. Wan, Z. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zetti, F. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. TI Measurement of the B-c(+) meson lifetime using the decay mode B-c(+)-> J/psi e(+)nu(e) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the B-c(+) meson lifetime in the decay mode B-c(+) -> J/psi e(+) nu(e) using the Collider Detector at Fermilab II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. From a sample of about 360 pb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, we reconstruct J/psi e(+) pairs with invariant mass in the kinematically allowed range 4 < M-J/psi e < 6 GeV/c(2). A fit to the decay-length distribution of 238 signal events yields a measured B-c(+) meson lifetime of 0.463(-0.065)(+0.073) (stat) +/- 0.036 (syst) ps. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, IN2P3,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sez Roma 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 12 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 012002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.012002 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000011 PM 16907366 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Hauer, M Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynnski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Seals, H Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Wenger, E Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Budzanowski, A. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Gushue, S. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Hauer, M. Heintzelman, G. A. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynnski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Katzy, J. Khan, N. Kucewicz, W. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. McLeod, D. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Park, I. C. Pernegger, H. Reed, C. Remsberg, L. P. Reuter, M. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rosenberg, L. Sagerer, J. Sarin, P. Sawicki, P. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Skulski, W. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Tang, J. -L. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Wenger, E. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wuosmaa, A. H. Wyslouch, B. TI Energy dependence of directed flow over a wide range of pseudorapidity in Au plus Au collisions at the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLABORATION AB We report on measurements of directed flow as a function of pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at energies of root s(NN) = 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV as measured by the PHOBOS detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results are particularly valuable because of the extensive, continuous pseudorapidity coverage of the PHOBOS detector. There is no significant indication of structure near midrapidity and the data surprisingly exhibit extended longitudinal scaling similar to that seen for elliptic flow and charged particle pseudorapidity density. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Reuter, Michael/0000-0003-3881-8310; Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 012301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.012301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000013 PM 16907368 ER PT J AU Beane, SR Bedaque, PF Orginos, K Savage, MJ AF Beane, S. R. Bedaque, P. F. Orginos, K. Savage, M. J. TI Nucleon-nucleon scattering from fully dynamical lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; 2-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; FORCES; FERMIONS; MATRIX AB We present results of the first fully dynamical lattice QCD determination of nucleon-nucleon scattering lengths in the S-1(0) channel and S-3(1)-D-3(1) coupled channels. The calculations are performed with domain-wall valence quarks on the MILC staggered configurations with a lattice spacing of b=0.125 fm in the isospin-symmetric limit, and in the absence of electromagnetic interactions. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beane, SR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 30 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 012001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.012001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000010 PM 16907365 ER PT J AU Furno, I Intrator, TP Ryutov, DD Abbate, S Madziwa-Nussinov, T Light, A Dorf, L Lapenta, G AF Furno, I. Intrator, T. P. Ryutov, D. D. Abbate, S. Madziwa-Nussinov, T. Light, A. Dorf, L. Lapenta, G. TI Current-driven rotating-kink mode in a plasma column with a non-line-tied free end SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIFT-ALFVEN WAVES; COLLISIONAL PLASMA; FLUX ROPES; INSTABILITY; DESTABILIZATION; STABILITY; FIELD AB First experimental measurements are presented for the kink instability in a linear plasma column which is insulated from an axial boundary by finite sheath resistivity. An instability threshold below the classical Kruskal-Shafranov threshold, axially asymmetric mode structure, and rotation are observed. These are accurately reproduced by a recent kink theory, which includes axial plasma flow and one end of the plasma column that is free to move due to a non-line-tied boundary condition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Furno, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ivo.furno@epfl.ch OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000026 PM 16907381 ER PT J AU Hermann, RP Keppens, V Bonville, P Nolas, GS Grandjean, F Long, GJ Christen, HM Chakoumakos, BC Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Hermann, Raphael P. Keppens, Veerle Bonville, Pierre Nolas, George S. Grandjean, Fernande Long, Gary J. Christen, Hans M. Chakoumakos, Bryan C. Sales, Brian C. Mandrus, David TI Direct experimental evidence for atomic tunneling of europium in crystalline Eu8Ga16Ge30 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATES AB Mossbauer-effect and microwave absorption experimental evidence unambiguously demonstrates the presence of slow, similar to 450 MHz, tunneling of magnetic europium between four equivalent sites in Eu8Ga16Ge30, a stoichiometric clathrate. Remarkably, six of the eight europium atoms, or 11% of the constituents in this solid, tunnel between these four sites separated by 0.55 angstrom. The off centering of the atoms or ions in crystalline clathrates appears to be a promising route for producing Rabi oscillators in solid-state materials. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hermann, RP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Hermann, Raphael/F-6257-2013; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Hermann, Raphael/0000-0002-6138-5624; Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 017401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.017401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000050 PM 16907405 ER PT J AU Mattsson, TR Desjarlais, MP AF Mattsson, Thomas R. Desjarlais, Michael P. TI Phase diagram and electrical conductivity of high energy-density water from density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AMMONIA; MBAR AB The electrical conductivity and structure of water between 2000-70 000 K and 0.1-3.7 g/cm(3) is studied by finite temperature density functional theory (DFT). Proton conduction is investigated quantitatively by analyzing diffusion, the pair-correlation function, and Wannier center locations, while the electronic conduction is calculated in the Kubo-Greenwood formalism. The conductivity formulation is valid across three phase transitions (molecular liquid, ionic liquid, superionic, electronic liquid). Above 100 GPa the superionic phase directly borders an electronically conducting fluid, not an insulating ionic fluid, as previously concluded. For simulations of high energy-density systems to be quantitative, we conclude that finite temperature DFT should be employed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, HEDP Theory & ICF Target Design, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattsson, TR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, HEDP Theory & ICF Target Design, MS 1186, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 24 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 017801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.017801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000052 PM 16907407 ER PT J AU Park, C Fenter, PA Nagy, KL Sturchio, NC AF Park, Changyong Fenter, Paul A. Nagy, Kathryn L. Sturchio, Neil C. TI Hydration and distribution of ions at the mica-water interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; FORCES; DLVO AB Molecular-scale structures of mica surfaces in electrolyte solutions reveal how ion and interfacial hydration control cation adsorption. Key differences are obtained for Rb+ and Sr2+ using resonant anomalous x-ray reflectivity: Rb+ adsorbs in a partially hydrated state and incompletely compensates the surface charge, but Sr2+ adsorbs in both fully and partially hydrated states while achieving full charge compensation. These differences are driven by balancing the energy cost of disrupting ion and interface hydration with the electrostatic attraction between the cation and charged surface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cypark@anl.gov RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008; OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788; Fenter, Paul/0000-0002-6672-9748 NR 27 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 016101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000030 PM 16907385 ER PT J AU Ponomarenko, SA Agrawal, GP AF Ponomarenko, Sergey A. Agrawal, Govind P. TI Do solitonlike self-similar waves exist in nonlinear optical media? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; DYNAMICS; PULSES; FIBERS; MODEL; DISPERSION; SYSTEMS; BRIGHT AB We show analytically that bright and dark spatial self-similar waves can propagate in graded-index amplifiers exhibiting self-focusing or self-defocusing Kerr nonlinearities. The intensity profiles of the novel waves are identical with those of fundamental bright or dark spatial solitons supported by homogeneous passive waveguides with the same type of nonlinearity. Thus, we reveal a previously unnoticed connection between spatial solitons and self-similar waves. We also suggest that the discovered self-similar waves can be used in a promising scheme for the amplification and focusing of spatial solitons in future all-optical networks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Halifax, NS B3J 1Z1, Canada. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ponomarenko, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Agrawal, Govind/D-5380-2013 OI Agrawal, Govind/0000-0003-4486-8533 NR 22 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 013901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.013901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000023 PM 16907378 ER PT J AU Rusydi, A Abbamonte, P Eisaki, H Fujimaki, Y Blumberg, G Uchida, S Sawatzky, GA AF Rusydi, A. Abbamonte, P. Eisaki, H. Fujimaki, Y. Blumberg, G. Uchida, S. Sawatzky, G. A. TI Quantum melting of the hole crystal in the spin ladder of Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; SR14CU24O41; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; POLYACETYLENE AB We have used resonant soft x-ray scattering to study the effects of discommensuration on the hole Wigner crystal (HC) in the spin ladder Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 (SCCO). As the hole density is varied the HC forms only with the commensurate wave vectors L-L=1/5 and L-L=1/3; for incommensurate values it "melts." A simple scaling between L-L and temperature is observed, tau(1/3)/tau(1/5)=5/3, indicating an inverse relationship between the interaction strength and wavelength. Our results suggest that SCCO contains hole pairs that are crystallized through an interplay between lattice commensuration and Coulomb repulsion, reminiscent of the "pair density wave" scenario. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Tokyo 113, Japan. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Rusydi, A (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Appl Phys, D-20335 Hamburg, Germany. RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Rusydi, Andrivo/I-1849-2016 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 016403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000035 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Kasinathan, D AF Singh, D. J. Kasinathan, Deepa TI Destruction of the small fermi surfaces in NaxCoO2 by disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We show using density functional calculations that the small e(g)(') Fermi surfaces in NaxCoO2 are destroyed by Na disorder. This provides a means to resolve the prediction of these sections in band structure calculations with their nonobservation in angle resolved photoemission experiments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Kasinathan, Deepa/M-8825-2015 OI Kasinathan, Deepa/0000-0002-9063-6867 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 016404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000036 PM 16907391 ER PT J AU Wieland, O Bracco, A Camera, F Benzoni, G Blasi, N Brambilla, S Crespi, F Giussani, A Leoni, S Mason, P Million, B Moroni, A Barlini, S Kravchuk, VL Gramegna, F Lanchais, A Mastinu, P Maj, A Brekiesz, M Kmiecik, M Bruno, M Geraci, E Casini, G Chiari, M Nannini, A Ordine, A Ormand, E AF Wieland, O. Bracco, A. Camera, F. Benzoni, G. Blasi, N. Brambilla, S. Crespi, F. Giussani, A. Leoni, S. Mason, P. Million, B. Moroni, A. Barlini, S. Kravchuk, V. L. Gramegna, F. Lanchais, A. Mastinu, P. Maj, A. Brekiesz, M. Kmiecik, M. Bruno, M. Geraci, E. Casini, G. Chiari, M. Nannini, A. Ordine, A. Ormand, E. TI Giant dipole resonance in the hot and thermalized Ce-132 nucleus: Damping of collective modes at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL DENSITY PARAMETER; HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGY; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; WIDTH; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; MOTION AB The gamma decay of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in the Ce-132 compound nucleus with temperature up to approximate to 4 MeV has been measured, using the reaction Ni-64+Zn-68 at E-beam=300, 400, and 500 MeV. The gamma and charged particles measured in coincidence with recoils are consistent with a fully equilibrated compound nucleus emission. The GDR width, obtained with the statistical model analysis, is found to increase almost linearly with temperature. This increase is rather well reproduced within a model including thermal shape fluctuations and the lifetime of the compound nucleus. C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Polish Acad Sci, Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wieland, O (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012 OI Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.012501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061CO UT WOS:000238849000014 PM 16907369 ER PT J AU Defrise, M Gullberg, GT AF Defrise, Michel Gullberg, Grant T. TI Image reconstruction SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EMISSION-COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CONE-BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; OF-INTEREST EVALUATION; X-RAY CT; SCINTILLATION-CAMERA; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; DYNAMIC SPECT; MONTE-CARLO; PET DATA; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AB We give an overview of the role of Physics in Medicine and Biology in the development of tomographic reconstruction algorithms. We focus on imaging modalities involving ionizing radiation, CT, PET and SPECT, and cover a wide spectrum of reconstruction problems, starting with classical 2D tomography in the 1970s up to 4D and 5D problems involving dynamic imaging of moving organs. C1 Free Univ Brussels, Dept Nucl Med, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Defrise, M (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Dept Nucl Med, AZ-VUB, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. NR 121 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 13 BP R139 EP R154 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R09 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 062LI UT WOS:000238945500010 PM 16790900 ER PT J AU Shpyrko, OG Streitel, R Balagurusamy, VSK Grigoriev, AY Deutsch, M Ocko, BM Meron, M Lin, BH Pershan, PS AF Shpyrko, OG Streitel, R Balagurusamy, VSK Grigoriev, AY Deutsch, M Ocko, BM Meron, M Lin, BH Pershan, PS TI Surface crystallization in a liquid AuSi alloy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; METALLIC GLASSES; VAPOR INTERFACE; RANGE ORDER; GA ALLOY; GOLD; SILICIDE AB X-ray measurements reveal a crystalline monolayer at the surface of the eutectic liquid Au82Si18, at temperatures above the alloy's melting point. Surface-induced atomic layering, the hallmark of liquid metals, is also found below the crystalline monolayer. The layering depth, however, is threefold greater than that of all liquid metals studied to date. The crystallinity of the surface monolayer is notable, considering that AuSi does not form stable bulk crystalline phases at any concentration and temperature and that no crystalline surface phase has been detected thus far in any pure liquid metal or nondilute alloy. These results are discussed in relation to recently suggested models of amorphous alloys. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Shpyrko, OG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM oshpyrko@anl.gov RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012; OI Balagurusamy, Venkat/0000-0002-1994-2634 NR 26 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 11 U2 77 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 7 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5783 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1126/science.1128314 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061DA UT WOS:000238850200033 PM 16825565 ER PT J AU Porch, WM Olsen, SC Chylek, P Dubey, MK Henderson, BG Clodius, W AF Porch, William M. Olsen, Seth C. Chylek, Petr Dubey, Manvendra K. Henderson, Bradley G. Clodius, William TI Satellite and surface observations of Nauru Island clouds: Differences between El Nino and La Nina periods SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL; CLIMATE AB [1] Island cloud trails represent only a small fraction of ocean boundary layer clouds. However, they can be an important key to understanding how marine boundary layer clouds respond to perturbation. During the La Nina period of 1999-2001 the island cloud of Nauru demonstrated daytime persistence over 100 kilometers. Our results show that boundary layer clouds over the eastern margin of the warm pool are affected by regional subsidence and lack of CCN (Cloud Condensation Nuclei) during this active warm pool convection phase of the ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The increased persistence of boundary layer clouds during the day, as reflected by the island cloud trails, combined with the dissipation of boundary layer clouds at night contribute to cooling the ocean surface. During La Nina, boundary layer cloudiness around Nauru decreased by a factor of 1.9 and SSTs decreased by about 3 degrees C. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Porch, WM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM wporch@lanl.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 13 AR L13804 DI 10.1029/2006GL026339 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062NP UT WOS:000238952100004 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC AF Shkrob, Ilya A. Sauer, Myran C., Jr. TI Toward electron encapsulation: Polynitrile approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUASI-BALLISTIC MODEL; ACETONITRILE CLUSTER ANIONS; AQUEOUS SOLVATED ELECTRON; METAL-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS; HYDRATED ELECTRON; LIQUID HYDROCARBONS; EXCESS ELECTRONS; NONPOLAR-SOLVENTS; TRAPPED ELECTRONS AB This study seeks an answer to the following question: Is it possible to design a supramolecular cage that would "solvate" the excess electron in the same fashion in which several solvent molecules do that cooperatively in polar liquids? Two general strategies are outlined for this "electron encapsulation", viz. electron localization using polar groups arranged on the (i) inside of the cage or (ii) outside of the cage. The second approach is more convenient from the synthetic standpoint, but it is limited to polynitriles. We demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that this second approach faces a problem: the electron attaches to the nitrile groups, forming molecular anions with bent C-C-N fragments. Because the energy cost of this bending is high, for dinitrile anions in n-hexane, the binding energies for the electron are low and, for mononitriles, these binding energies are lower still, and the entropy of electron attachment is anomalously small. Density functional theory modeling of electron trapping by mononitriles in n-hexane suggests that the solute molecules substitute for the solvent molecules at the electron cavity, "solvating" the electron by their methyl groups. We argue that such species would be more correctly viewed as multimer radical anions in which the electron density is shared ( mainly) between C 2p orbitals in the solute/solvent molecules, rather than cavity electrons. The way in which the excess electron density is shared by such molecules is similar to the way in which this sharing occurs in large di- and polynitrile anions, such as 1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11-octacyanocyclododecane-. Only in this sense is the electron encapsulation possible. The work thus reveals limitations of the concept of "solvated electron" for organic liquids: it is impossible to draw a clear line between such species and a certain class of radical anions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov NR 104 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 26 BP 8126 EP 8136 DI 10.1021/jp060638i PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 058DR UT WOS:000238645600019 PM 16805499 ER PT J AU Ye, XR Chen, LH Wang, C Aubuchon, JF Chen, IC Gapin, AI Talbot, JB Jin, S AF Ye, XR Chen, LH Wang, C Aubuchon, JF Chen, IC Gapin, AI Talbot, JB Jin, S TI Electrochemical modification of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; FIELD-EMISSION; PURIFICATION; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; ELECTRODES; MORPHOLOGY; GROWTH AB Electrochemical oxidation and reduction were utilized to modify vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays grown on a porous network of conductive carbon microfibers. Ultrafast and complete CNT opening and purification were achieved through electrochemical oxidation. Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles were then uniformly and densely deposited as electrocatalysts onto the surface of these CNTs through electrochemical reduction. Using supercritical drying techniques, we demonstrate that the unidirectionally aligned and laterally spaced geometry of the CNT arrays can be fully retained after being subjected to each step of electrochemical modification. The open-tipped CNTs can also be electrochemically detached in full lengths from the supporting substrates and harvested if needed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Talbot, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jtalbot@ucsd.edu; jin@ucsd.edu NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 26 BP 12938 EP 12942 DI 10.1021/jp057507m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 058DS UT WOS:000238645700019 PM 16805595 ER PT J AU Trunov, MA Umbrajkar, SM Schoenitz, M Mang, JT Dreizin, EL AF Trunov, MA Umbrajkar, SM Schoenitz, M Mang, JT Dreizin, EL TI Oxidation and melting of aluminum nanopowders SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POWDERS; BEHAVIOR; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; DEPRESSION; IGNITION AB Recently, nanometer-sized aluminum powders became available commercially, and their use as potential additives to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics has attracted significant interest. It has been suggested that very low melting temperatures are expected for nanosized aluminum powders and that such low melting temperatures could accelerate oxidation and trigger ignition much earlier than for regular, micron-sized aluminum powders. The objective of this work was to investigate experimentally the melting and oxidation behavior of nanosized aluminum powders. Powder samples with three different nominal sizes of 44, 80, and 121 nm were provided by Nanotechnologies Inc. The particle size distributions were measured using small-angle X-ray scattering. Melting was studied by differential scanning calorimetry where the powders were heated from room temperature to 750 C in an argon environment. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to measure the mass increase indicative of oxidation while the powders were heated in an oxygen-argon gas mixture. The measured melting curves were compared to those computed using the experimental particle size distributions and thermodynamic models describing the melting temperature and enthalpy as functions of the particle size. The melting behavior predicted by different models correlated with the experimental observations only qualitatively. Characteristic stepwise oxidation was observed for all studied nanopowders. The observed oxidation behavior was well interpreted considering the recently established kinetics of oxidation of micron-sized aluminum powders. No correlation was found between the melting and oxidation of aluminum nanopowders. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dreizin, EL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM dreizin@njit.edu RI Dreizin, Edward/O-6416-2014; OI Dreizin, Edward/0000-0003-0859-0984 NR 22 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 26 BP 13094 EP 13099 DI 10.1021/jp0614188 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 058DS UT WOS:000238645700043 PM 16805619 ER PT J AU Starovoitova, V Budarz, TE Wyllie, GRA Scheidt, WR Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Prohofsky, EW Durbin, SM AF Starovoitova, V Budarz, TE Wyllie, GRA Scheidt, WR Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Prohofsky, EW Durbin, SM TI Vibrational spectroscopy and normal-mode analysis of Fe(II) octaethylporphyrin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; PORPHYRIN FORCE-FIELD; LYING SPIN STATES; IRON NORMAL-MODES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; RAMAN-SPECTRA; STRUCTURAL FLUCTUATIONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; INFRARED-SPECTRA; NICKEL PORPHINE AB The normal-mode spectrum for the four-coordinated heme compound Fe(II) octaethylporphyrin, Fe(OEP), has been determined by refining force constants to the experimental Fe vibrational density of states measured with nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS). Convergence of the calculated spectrum to the data was achieved by first imposing D-4 symmetry on the model structure as well as the force constants, progressively including different internal coordinates of motion, then allowing the true C-i (or S-2) point group symmetry of the C-i(1) Fe(OEP) crystal structure. The NRVS-refined normal modes are in good agreement with Raman and IR spectra at high frequencies. Prior density functional theory predictions for a model porphyrin are similar to the core modes computed with the best-fit force field, but significant differences between D-4 and C-i modes underline the sensitivity of porphyrin Fe normal modes to structural details. Some differences between the C-i best fit and the NRVS data can be attributed to intermolecular contacts not included in the normal-mode analysis. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Durbin, SM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM durbin@physics.purdue.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM038401, GM-38401] NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 26 BP 13277 EP 13282 DI 10.1021/jp060345p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 058DS UT WOS:000238645700066 PM 16805642 ER PT J AU Isaacs, ED AF Isaacs, ED TI Microscopy - X-ray nanovision SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Isaacs, ED (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM isaacs@anl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7098 BP 35 EP 35 DI 10.1038/442035a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 059HS UT WOS:000238724500027 PM 16823442 ER PT J AU Wilson, SD Dai, PC Li, SL Chi, SX Kang, HJ Lynn, JW AF Wilson, Stephen D. Dai, Pengcheng Li, Shiliang Chi, Songxue Kang, H. J. Lynn, J. W. TI Resonance in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; SPIN EXCITATION; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; YBA2CU3O6+X; SPECTRUM; STRIPES; MODE AB In conventional superconductors, the interaction that pairs the electrons to form the superconducting state is mediated by lattice vibrations(1) (phonons). In high-transition-temperature (high-T-c) copper oxides, it is generally believed that magnetic excitations might play a fundamental role in the superconducting mechanism because superconductivity occurs when mobile 'electrons' or 'holes' are doped into the antiferromagnetic parent compounds(2). Indeed, a sharp magnetic excitation termed 'resonance' has been observed by neutron scattering in a number of hole-doped materials(3-11). The resonance is intimately related to superconductivity(12), and its interaction with charged quasi-particles observed by photoemission(13,14), optical conductivity(15), and tunnelling(16) suggests that it might play a part similar to that of phonons in conventional superconductors. The relevance of the resonance to high-T-c superconductivity, however, has been in doubt because so far it has been found only in hole-doped materials(17). Here we report the discovery of the resonance in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta (T-c = 24 K). We find that the resonance energy (E-r) is proportional to T-c via E-r approximate to 5.8k(B)T(c) for all high-T-c superconductors irrespective of electron- or hole-doping. Our results demonstrate that the resonance is a fundamental property of the superconducting copper oxides and therefore must be essential in the mechanism of superconductivity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 NR 30 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7098 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1038/nature04857 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 059HS UT WOS:000238724500035 PM 16823448 ER PT J AU Glesne, D Huberman, E AF Glesne, D. Huberman, E. TI Smad6 is a protein kinase X phosphorylation substrate and is required for HL-60 cell differentiation SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE macrophage differentiation; PrKX; Smad6; HL-60; leukemia ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; SHORT-INTERFERING RNAS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; RETINOIC ACID; ALPHA(5)BETA(1) INTEGRIN; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; LEUKEMIA-CELLS AB To gain insight into the function of human protein kinase X (PrKX), a signal-transduction protein required for macrophage differentiation, we identified regulatory subunit I alpha of protein kinase A, T54 and Smad6 as partners for this protein using a yeast two-hybrid interaction screen. Interactions between PrKX and these proteins were substantiated by co-immunoprecipitation. Interaction between Smad6 and PrKX was also confirmed in human myeloid HL-60 cells following their phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation into macrophages. In vitro phosphorylation assays demonstrated that PrKX phosphorylates Smad6 at a serine residue. Mutagenesis of this site resulted in abrogation of PrKX phosphorylation. Both PrKX and Smad6 were shown to be co-localized to the nuclear compartment of HL-60 cells during their macrophage differentiation where PrKX levels are induced and Smad6 protein levels remain relatively constant while levels of serine phosphorylation of Smad6 increase. By using in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation, we also demonstrate that during macrophage differentiation Smad6 displays an increased binding to the human osteopontin, Id2, and Hex gene promoters, which correlates to an observed increased expression of these genes. Finally, vector-based RNA interference experiments established that both Smad6 and PrKX proteins are required for PMA-induced cell attachment and spreading. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Gene Express & Funct Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huberman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bld 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM elih@anl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA80826] NR 56 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 29 BP 4086 EP 4098 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209436 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 060KZ UT WOS:000238802400009 PM 16491121 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Berytram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chn, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Chistofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P De Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gerhstein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Greiner, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J 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Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, X. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stevenson, K. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Strohmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, M. W. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhou, B. ZHu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Search for squarks and gluinos in events with jets and missing transverse energy in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s-=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COLLIDER AB The results of a search for squarks and gluinos using data from p (p) over bar collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV by the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider are reported. The topologies analyzed consist of acoplanar-jet and multijet events with large missing transverse energy. No evidence for the production of squarks or gluinos was found in a data sample of 310pb(-1). Lower limits of 325 and 241 GeV were derived at the 95% C.L. on the squark and gluino masses, respectively, within the framework of minimal supergravity with tan beta=3, A(0) = 0, and mu < 0. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFAX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. 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Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Verdier, P (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM verdier@ipnl.in2p3.fr RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 638 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.05.03 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 060AP UT WOS:000238773900007 ER PT J AU Ji, XD Qiu, JW Vogelsang, W Yuan, F AF Ji, Xiangdong Qiu, Jian-Wei Vogelsang, Werner Yuan, Feng TI Single transverse-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; TO-BACK JETS; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; HARD-SCATTERING; QCD; POLARIZATION; QUARKS AB We study the single transverse-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering. We derive the leading contribution to the asymmetry at moderate transverse momentum P(h perpendicular to) of the produced hadron in terms of twist-three quark-gluon correlation functions, and compare with the result obtained from the approach based on factorization at fixed transverse momentum which involves asymmetric transverse-momentum and spin-dependent quark distributions. We verify that the two approaches yield identical results in this regime. Comparing with our earlier calculations for the single-spin asymmetry in the Drell-Yan process, we confirm the sign difference between the time-reversal-odd transverse-momentum-dependent quark distributions in the two processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xji@physics.umd.edu; jwq@iastate.edu; vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov; fyuan@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 NR 48 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 638 IS 2-3 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.05.044 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 060AP UT WOS:000238773900015 ER PT J AU Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ AF Karliner, Marek Lipkin, Harry J. TI Diquarks and antiquarks in exotics: A menage a trois and a menage a quatre SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB A menage A trois is very different from an ordinary family. Similarly, exotic hadrons with both qq and qq pairs have important color-space correlations that are completely absent in ordinary mesons and baryons. The presence of both types of pairs requires attention to the basic QCD physics that the q (q) over bar interaction is much stronger than the qq interaction. This new physics in multiquark systems produces color structures totally different from those of normal hadrons, for example the ud system is utterly unlike the ud diquark in the uds Lambda baryon. The colorspace correlations produce unusual experimental properties in tetraquarks with heavy quark pairs which may be relevant for newly discovered mesons like the X(3872) resonance. Tetraquark masses can be below the two-meson threshold for sufficiently high quark masses. A simple model calculation shows the bq (b) over bar(u) over bar and bq (c) over bar(q) over bar tetraquarks below the B (B) over bar and B (D) over bar thresholds. Some of these states have exotic electric charge and their decays might have striking signatures involving monoenergetic photons and/or pions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, Tel Aviv, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Karliner, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, Tel Aviv, Israel. EM marek@proton.tau.ac.il; ftlipkin@weizmann.ac.il NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 638 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.05.032 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 060AP UT WOS:000238773900021 ER PT J AU Canteenwala, T Li, WG Wang, HL Chiang, LY AF Canteenwala, Taizoon Li, Wenguang Wang, Hsing-Ling Chiang, Long Y. TI Low multielectron reduction potentials of emerald green [60]fullerenes SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVES AB Unique double-triphenylene interconnected all-trans 18-trannulene electronic configuration of dodecaethylated emerald green fullerene (EFn), C-60[-C(CH3)(CO2Et)(2)](6) or EF-6MC(2), allows the fullerene cage to retain similar affinity for electrons as C-60 and high multielectron accepting capability with E-1(Red) = -0.36V, E-2(Red) = -0.88 V, and E-3(Red) = -1.45 V vs. Ag/AgCl. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Chem Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 35 IS 7 BP 762 EP 763 DI 10.1246/cl.2006.762 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 083ET UT WOS:000240439900034 ER PT J AU Manekar, M Chattopadhyay, MK Kaul, R Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Manekar, M Chattopadhyay, MK Kaul, R Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Training effects in Gd5Ge4: role of microstructure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER MAGNETOSTRUCTURAL TRANSITION; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; PRECURSOR; GD5SI2GE2; SYSTEM; GD AB Detailed optical metallographic studies at room temperature on polycrystalline Gd5Ge4 are presented for two cases: (a) a sample in the as-cast condition and (b) the same sample subjected to a known number of temperature and magnetic field cycles. A herringbone- (criss-cross-) like pattern whose characteristic feature size extends to approximate to 20 mu m is observed in the as- cast sample. The herringbone pattern at room temperature is interpreted as arising due to a long-lived (kinetically arrested) metastable phase. This herringbone pattern can be trained to form a pattern having a different morphology by cycling the sample through the low-temperature field induced magneto-structural transition. Training effects are also observed in magneto-transport and magnetization measurements as the sample is subjected to temperature and field cycles. Based on heuristic arguments, a model is proposed which self-consistently explains anomalies in transport and magnetization properties in terms of changes occurring in the microstructure of the sample. These results highlight the need for analysing the interesting properties of Gd5Ge4 and its family of alloys with microstructure as an important component. C1 Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, India. Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Ind CO2 Laser Sect, Indore 452013, India. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Manekar, M (reprint author), Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, India. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 26 BP 6017 EP 6032 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/26/020 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 057RL UT WOS:000238612800023 ER PT J AU Cui, LF Huang, X Wang, LM Zubarev, DY Boldyrev, AI Li, J Wang, LS AF Cui, LF Huang, X Wang, LM Zubarev, DY Boldyrev, AI Li, J Wang, LS TI Sn-12(2-): Stannaspherene SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LEAD CLUSTER ANIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TIN CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; PHOTOIONIZATION; GERMANIUM; GE(N) C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 24 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 26 BP 8390 EP 8391 DI 10.1021/ja062052f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 057IR UT WOS:000238590000012 PM 16802791 ER PT J AU Gandon, V Agenet, N Vollhardt, KPC Malacria, M Aubert, C AF Gandon, V Agenet, N Vollhardt, KPC Malacria, M Aubert, C TI Cobalt-mediated cyclic and linear 2 : 1 cooligomerization of alkynes with alkenes: A DFT study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID C-H BOND; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; FORMAL TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; ONE-STEP CONSTRUCTION; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; 2+2+2 CYCLOADDITION; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; SPIN-STATE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY AB The mechanism of the cobalt-mediated [ 2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of two alkynes to one alkene to give CpCo-complexed 1,3-cyclohexadienes ( cyclic oligomerization) has been studied by means of DFT computations. In contrast to the mechanism of alkyne cyclotrimerization, in which final alkyne inclusion into the common cobaltacyclopentadiene features a direct "collapse" pathway to the complexed arene, alkene incorporation proceeds via insertion into a Co-C sigma-bond rather than inter- or intramolecular [ 4 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting seven-membered metallacycle 7 is a key intermediate which leads to either CpCo-complexed cyclohexadiene 5 or hexatriene 13. The latter transformation, particularly favorable for ethene, accounts, in part, for the linear oligomerization observed occasionally in these reactions. With aromatic double bonds, a C-H activation mechanism by the cobaltacyclopentadiene seems more advantageous in hexatriene product formation. Detailed investigations of high- and low-spin potential energy surfaces are presented. The reactivity of triplet cobalt species was found kinetically disfavored over that of their singlet counterparts. Moreover, it could not account for the formation of CpCo-complexed hexatrienes. However, triplet cobalt complexes cannot be ruled out since all unsaturated species appearing in this study were found to exhibit triplet ground states. Consequently, a reaction pathway that involves a mixing of both spin-state energy surfaces is also described ( two-state reactivity). Support for such a pathway comes from the location of several low-lying minimum-energy crossing points ( MECPs) of the two surfaces. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Organ, UMR 7611, CNRS,Inst Chim Mol,FR 2769, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gandon, V (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Organ, UMR 7611, CNRS,Inst Chim Mol,FR 2769, Case 229,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM gandon@ccr.jussieu.fr RI Gandon, Vincent/C-1942-2014 OI Gandon, Vincent/0000-0003-1108-9410 NR 112 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 26 BP 8509 EP 8520 DI 10.1021/ja060756j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 057IR UT WOS:000238590000038 PM 16802817 ER PT J AU Armstrong, AR Holzapfel, M Novak, P Johnson, CS Kang, SH Thackeray, MM Bruce, PG AF Armstrong, A. Robert Holzapfel, Michael Novak, Petr Johnson, Christopher S. Kang, Sun-Ho Thackeray, Michael M. Bruce, Peter G. TI Demonstrating oxygen loss and associated structural reorganization in the lithium battery cathode Li[Ni0.2Li0.2Mn0.6]O-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SITU X-RAY; NICKEL MANGANESE OXIDES; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE; SECONDARY BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; LI2MNO3; ABSORPTION; INSERTION AB The cathode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries operates by conventional intercalation; Li+ is extracted from LiCoO2 on charging accompanied by oxidation of Co3+ to Co4+; the process is reversed on discharge. In contrast, Li+ may be extracted from Mn4+-based solids, e. g., Li2MnO3, without oxidation of Mn4+. A mechanism involving simultaneous Li and O removal is often proposed. Here, we demonstrate directly, by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), that O-2 is evolved from such Mn4+-containing compounds, Li[Ni0.2Li0.2Mn0.6]O-2, on charging and using powder neutron diffraction show that O loss from the surface is accompanied by diffusion of transition metal ions from surface to bulk where they occupy vacancies created by Li removal. The composition of the compound moves toward MO2. Understanding such unconventional Li extraction is important because Li-Mn-Ni-O compounds, irrespective of whether they contain Co, can, after O loss, store 200 mAhg(-1) of charge compared with 140 mAhg(-1) for LiCoO2. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, EaStCHEM, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bruce, PG (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, EaStCHEM, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. EM p.g.bruce@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010 NR 37 TC 736 Z9 779 U1 67 U2 540 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 26 BP 8694 EP 8698 DI 10.1021/ja062027+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 057IR UT WOS:000238590000057 PM 16802836 ER PT J AU Link, AJ Vink, MKS Agard, NJ Prescher, JA Bertozzi, CR Tirrell, DA AF Link, A. James Vink, Mandy K. S. Agard, Nicholas J. Prescher, Jennifer A. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Tirrell, David A. TI Discovery of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity through cell-surface display of noncanonical amino acids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE azide-alkyne ligation; azidohomoalanine; azidonorleucine; click chemistry ID IN-VIVO INCORPORATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-CODE; METHIONINE ANALOGS; PROTEINS; FUNCTIONALITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; VALINE; SET AB The incorporation of noncanonical amino acids into recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli can be facilitated by the introduction of new aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity into the expression host. We describe here a screening procedure for the identification of new aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity based on the cell surface display of noncanonical amino acids. Screening of a saturation mutagenesis library of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) led to the discovery of three MetRS mutants capable of incorporating the long-chain amino acid azidonorleucine into recombinant proteins with modest efficiency. The Leu-13 -> Gly (L13G) mutation is found in each of the three MetRS mutants, and the MetRS variant containing this single mutation is highly efficient in producing recombinant proteins that contain azidonorleucine. C1 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tirrell, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tirrell@caltech.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867, GM62523, R01 GM058867, R01 GM062523, R37 GM058867] NR 31 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 27 BP 10180 EP 10185 DI 10.1073/pnas.0601167103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 064DM UT WOS:000239069400007 PM 16801548 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Coburn, MD Meyer, TJ Wetzler, M AF Huynh, My Hang V. Coburn, Michael D. Meyer, Thomas J. Wetzler, Modi TI Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE iron complex primary; nitrotetrazolate anion; high-nitrogen ligand; environmentally friendly; highly sensitive ID COMPLEXES; PERCHLORATE; REACTIVITY; LIGANDS; SALTS AB The sensitive explosives used in initiating devices like primers and detonators are called primary explosives. Successful detonations of secondary explosives are accomplished by suitable sources of initiation energy that is transmitted directly from the primaries or through secondary explosive boosters. Reliable initiating mechanisms are available in numerous forms of primers and detonators depending upon the nature of the secondary explosives. The technology of initiation devices used for military and civilian purposes continues to expand owing to variations in initiating method, chemical composition, quantity, sensitivity, explosive performance, and other necessary built-in mechanisms. Although the most widely used primaries contain toxic lead azide and lead styphnate, mixtures of thermally unstable primaries, like diazodi-nitrophenol and tetracene, or poisonous agents, like antimony sulfide and barium nitrate, are also used. Novel environmentally friendly primary explosives are expanded here to include cat[Fe-II(NT)(3)(H2O)(3)], cat(2)[Fe-II(NT)(4)(H2O)(2)], cat(3)[Fe-II(NT)(5)(H2O)], and cat(4)[Fe-II(NT)(6)] with cat = cation and NT- = 5-nitrotetrazolato-N-2. With available alkaline, alkaline earth, and organic cations as partners, four series of 5-nitrotetrazolato-N-2-ferrate hierarchies have been prepared that provide a plethora of green primaries with diverse initiating sensitivity and explosive performance. They hold great promise for replacing not only toxic lead primaries but also thermally unstable primaries and poisonous agents. Strategies are also described for the systematic preparation of coordination complex green primaries based on appropriate selection of ligands, metals, and synthetic procedures. These strategies allow for maximum versatility in initiating sensitivity and explosive performance while retaining properties required for green primaries. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Div DE, High Explos & Sci & Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 48 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 27 BP 10322 EP 10327 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604241103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 064DM UT WOS:000239069400032 PM 16803957 ER PT J AU Fletcher, BL McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Hensley, DK Thomas, DK Ericson, MN Simpson, ML AF Fletcher, Benjamin L. McKnight, Timothy E. Melechko, Anatoli V. Hensley, Dale K. Thomas, Darrell K. Ericson, M. Nance Simpson, Michael L. TI Transfer of flexible arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber electrodes to temperature-sensitive substrates SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOELECTRODE ARRAYS; NANOTUBE; GROWTH; EMISSION AB High-aspect-ratio vertically aligned carbon nanofibers are functionally transferred from a growth substrate suitable for high-temperature processing to a substrate with electronic functionality. Nanofiber arrays are partially embedded within a polymer membrane that is then separated from the growth substrate and transferred to a new substrate that provides electrical interfacing to discrete nanofiber elements (see figure). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fletcher, BL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcknightte@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765; Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 4 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 13 BP 1689 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200502688 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 065TC UT WOS:000239181300010 ER PT J AU Washio, I Xiong, YJ Yin, YD Xia, YN AF Washio, Isao Xiong, Yujie Yin, Yadong Xia, Younan TI Reduction by the end groups of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone): A new and versatile route to the kinetically controlled synthesis of Ag triangular nanoplates SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANODISKS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ARBITRARY SHAPES; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GOLD; SIZE; NANOSPHERES; PARTICLES AB The hydroxyl end group of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) has been utilized for the first time to reduce AgNO3 in water, generating the Ag triangular nanoplates shown in the figure via kinetic control. PVP is widely used in the chemical synthesis of many types of colloidal nanocrystals, where it is mainly considered as a steric stabilizer or capping agent that protects the product from agglomeration. It is believed that this new strategy can be extended to other noble metals and polymers. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Xiong, Yujie/G-3203-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; NR 43 TC 327 Z9 336 U1 16 U2 232 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 4 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 13 BP 1745 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200600675 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 065TC UT WOS:000239181300022 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Masiello, T Sharpe, SW AF Johnson, TJ Masiello, T Sharpe, SW TI The quantitative infrared and NIR spectrum of CH2I2 vapor: vibrational assignments and potential for atmospheric monitoring SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIODE-LASER; CROSS-SECTIONS; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; LINE STRENGTHS; IODINE OXIDE; DIIODOMETHANE; PHOTOLYSIS AB Diiodomethane (CH2I2) has recently become a molecule of significant atmospheric interest as it can contribute to coastal IO formation. As part of the PNNL database of gas-phase infrared spectra, the quantitative absorption spectrum of CH2I2 has been acquired at 0.1 cm(-1) resolution. Two strong b(2) symmetry A-type bands at 584 and 1114 cm(-1) are observed, but are not resolved when broadened to 760 Torr with nitrogen and appear as B-type. In contrast, the b(1) symmetry C-type bands near 5953, 4426 and 3073 cm(-1) are resolved with rotational structure, including Q-branches with widths <= 1 cm(-1). The quantitative infrared and near-infrared vapor-phase spectra (600 10 000 cm(-1)) are reported for the first time. Some bands are discussed in terms of their potential for atmospheric monitoring and theoretical detection limits on a selected basis. FT-Raman spectra and ab initio calculations are used to complete vibrational assignments in the C-2v point group. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM timothy.johnson@pnl.gov NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 4 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 2581 EP 2591 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058SN UT WOS:000238685000001 ER PT J AU Sacksteder, CA Qian, WJ Knyushko, TV Wang, HX Chin, MH Lacan, G Melega, WP Camp, DG Smith, RD Smith, DJ Squier, TC Bigelow, DJ AF Sacksteder, CA Qian, WJ Knyushko, TV Wang, HX Chin, MH Lacan, G Melega, WP Camp, DG Smith, RD Smith, DJ Squier, TC Bigelow, DJ TI Endogenously nitrated proteins in mouse brain: Links to neurodegenerative disease SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MODULATES TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CREATINE-KINASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AB Increased abundance of nitrotyrosine modifications of proteins have been documented in multiple pathologies in a variety of tissue types and play a role in the redox regulation of normal metabolism. To identify proteins sensitive to nitrating conditions in vivo, a comprehensive proteomic data set identifying 7792 proteins from a whole mouse brain, generated by LC/LC-MS/MS analyses, was used to identify nitrated proteins. This analysis resulted in the identification of 31 unique nitrotyrosine sites within 29 different proteins. More than half of the nitrated proteins that have been identified are involved in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or other neurodegenerative disorders. Similarly, nitrotyrosine immunoblots of whole brain homogenates show that treatment of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP), an experimental model of Parkinson's disease, induces an increased level of nitration of the same protein bands observed to be nitrated in brains of untreated animals. Comparing sequences and available high-resolution structures around nitrated tyrosines with those of unmodified sites indicates a preference of nitration in vivo for surface accessible tyrosines in loops, a characteristic consistent with peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine modification. In addition, most sequences contain cysteines or methionines proximal to nitrotyrosines, contrary to suggestions that these amino acid side chains prevent tyrosine nitration. More striking is the presence of a positively charged moiety near the sites of nitration, which is not observed for non-nitrated tyrosines. Together, these observations suggest a predictive tool of functionally important sites of nitration and that cellular nitrating conditions play a role in neurodegenerative changes in the brain. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bigelow, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, POB 999,MS P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM diana.bigelow@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522]; NIA NIH HHS [AG12993, AG18013]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA015802]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS050148] NR 122 TC 103 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 4 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 26 BP 8009 EP 8022 DI 10.1021/bi060474w PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 056XP UT WOS:000238558700008 PM 16800626 ER PT J AU Dalpian, GM Yan, YF Wei, SH AF Dalpian, Gustavo M. Yan, Yanfa Wei, Su-Huai TI Impurity-induced phase stabilization of semiconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; NANOCRYSTALS AB We propose an approach to stabilize the cubic zinc-blende (ZB) phase of semiconductor compounds that are usually more stable in the hexagonal wurtzite (WZ) phase. This approach is based on impurity doping and we take advantage of the band offset between the ZB and WZ phases. We show that introduction of donors should stabilize the one with lower conduction band (ZB), whereas holes should stabilize the one with higher valence band (WZ). A mechanism to invert the valence band offset is proposed in order to stabilize the ZB phase through holes. We used GaN, ZnO, and AlN as examples. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dalpian, GM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gdalpian@ices.utexas.edu RI Dalpian, Gustavo/B-9746-2008 OI Dalpian, Gustavo/0000-0001-5561-354X NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 011907 DI 10.1063/1.2218311 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200021 ER PT J AU Jesse, S Guillorn, MA Ivanov, IN Puretzky, AA Howe, JY Britt, PF Geohegan, DB AF Jesse, Stephen Guillorn, Michael A. Ivanov, Ilia N. Puretzky, Alexander A. Howe, Jane Y. Britt, Phillip F. Geohegan, David B. TI In situ electric-field-induced contrast imaging of electronic transport pathways in nanotube-polymer composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; JUNCTIONS; STICKS; SYSTEM AB An electric-field-induced contrast mechanism for scanning electron microscopy is reported which permits the visualization of embedded nanomaterials inside various matrices with high contrast and high definition. The high contrast is proposed to result from localized enhancement of secondary electron emission from the nanomaterials due to electric-field-induced changes in their work functions. By utilizing a stage that allows in situ current-voltage measurements inside a scanning electron microscope, single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded within polymethyl methacrylate films were visualized directly. In addition to the rapid assessment of nanotube dispersion within polymers, electric-field-induced contrast imaging enables the determination of percolation pathways. From the contrast in the images, the relative voltage at all points in the electron micrograph can be determined, providing a new mechanism to understand electronic percolation through nanoscale networks. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jesse, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sjesse@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 013114 DI 10.1063/1.2220058 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200065 ER PT J AU Raebiger, H Ganchenkova, M von Boehm, J AF Raebiger, Hannes Ganchenkova, Maria von Boehm, Juhani TI Diffusion and clustering of substitutional Mn in (Ga,Mn)As SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS ISOTOPE HETEROSTRUCTURES; SELF-DIFFUSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; VACANCY AB The Ga vacancy mediated microstructure evolution of (Ga,Mn)As during growth and postgrowth annealing is studied using a multiscale approach. The migration barriers for the Ga vacancies and substitutional Mn together with their interactions are calculated using first principles, and temporal evolution at temperatures 200-350 degrees C is studied using lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We show that at the typical growth and annealing temperatures (i) Ga vacancies provide an efficient diffusion transport for Mn and (ii) in 10-20 h the diffusion of Mn promotes the formation of clusters. Clustering reduces the Curie temperature, and explains its decrease during long-term annealing. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, COMP, Phys Lab, Espoo 02015, Finland. RP Raebiger, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM hannes_raebiger@nrel.gov RI Raebiger, Hannes/D-1881-2013 OI Raebiger, Hannes/0000-0003-3969-9165 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012505 DI 10.1063/1.2219337 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200041 ER PT J AU Ramamoorthy, A Bird, JP Reno, JL AF Ramamoorthy, A. Bird, J. P. Reno, J. L. TI Switching characteristics of coupled quantum wires with tunable coupling strength SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; ELECTRON; TRANSMISSION; QUBITS AB We explore the switching characteristics of coupled quantum wires with a controllable interwire coupling. We perform extensive experimental and theoretical characterization of the coupling region between the wires, evaluating the local barrier that is formed in this region. With strong coupling between the wires, a nonmonotonic switching of their currents is obtained in a magnetic field, suggestive of quantum interference of electrons in their coupling region. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Nanostruct Res Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ramamoorthy, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Nanostruct Res Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM arunkumar@asu.edu RI Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010 OI Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 013118 DI 10.1063/1.2219085 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200069 ER PT J AU Stone, PR Scarpulla, MA Farshchi, R Sharp, ID Haller, EE Dubon, OD Yu, KM Beeman, JW Arenholz, E Denlinger, JD Ohldag, H AF Stone, P. R. Scarpulla, M. A. Farshchi, R. Sharp, I. D. Haller, E. E. Dubon, O. D. Yu, K. M. Beeman, J. W. Arenholz, E. Denlinger, J. D. Ohldag, H. TI Mn L-3,L-2 x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ION-IMPLANTATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA; IMPURITIES; ACCEPTOR; GAP AB We have measured the x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Mn L-3,L-2 edges in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxP films for 0.018 <= x <= 0.042. Large XMCD asymmetries at the L-3 edge indicate significant spin polarization of the density of states at the Fermi energy. The temperature dependence of the XMCD and moment per Mn of 2.67 +/- 0.45 mu(B) calculated using sum rules are consistent with magnetometry values. The spectral shapes of the x-ray absorption and XMCD are nearly identical with those for Ga1-xMnxAs indicating that the hybridization of Mn d states and anion p states is similar in the two materials. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stone, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1063/1.2219713 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200040 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, Y Hill, DH Gateau, R Wielunski, L Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Dvorak, J Moodenbaugh, A Siegrist, T Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P. Saraf, G. Lu, Y. Hill, D. H. Gateau, R. Wielunski, L. Bartynski, R. A. Arena, D. A. Dvorak, J. Moodenbaugh, A. Siegrist, T. Raley, J. A. Yeo, Yung Kee TI Ferromagnetism in Fe-implanted a-plane ZnO films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; CRYSTALS; STABILITY; SAPPHIRE; FIELD; OXIDE AB Fe ions of dose 5x10(16) cm(-2) were implanted at 200 keV into a-plane ZnO epitaxial films. The epitaxial quality of the postannealed samples was verified by x-ray diffraction omega-rocking curves and phi scans, whereas x-ray absorption spectroscopy identified the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, as well as changes in their relative concentration during postannealing. Superconducting quantum interference device measurements show that the as-implanted and postannealed films are ferromagnetic at room temperature. The saturation magnetization reduces during annealing possibly due to the decrease in the number of oxygen vacancies. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012508 DI 10.1063/1.2213519 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200044 ER PT J AU Zhang, SX Ogale, SB Kundaliya, DC Fu, LF Browning, ND Dhar, S Ramadan, W Higgins, JS Greene, RL Venkatesan, T AF Zhang, S. X. Ogale, S. B. Kundaliya, Darshan C. Fu, L. F. Browning, N. D. Dhar, S. Ramadan, W. Higgins, J. S. Greene, R. L. Venkatesan, T. TI Search for ferromagnetism in conductive Nb : SrTiO3 with magnetic transition element (Cr, Co, Fe, Mn) dopants SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE AB Thin films of (0.5%, 1%) Nb:SrTiO3 dilutely doped with (2 at. %) magnetic transition elements (Cr, Co, Fe, Mn) are examined for ferromagnetism. X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering ion channeling, scanning transmission electron microscopy Z-contrast imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques establish high crystalline quality of the films with no impurity phase(s) and highly uniform dopant distribution. Although the film conductivity improves dramatically by Nb doping, no ferromagnetism is found in any of our samples over the temperature range of 365 down to 5 K. This is contrasted to the case of ferromagnetism reported in cobalt doped (La,Sr)TiO3. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhang, SX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ogale@squid.umd.edu RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; Higgins, Joshua/L-7073-2015; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1063/1.2219145 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200037 ER PT J AU Kim, J Jia, HF Lee, CW Chung, SW Kwak, JH Shin, Y Dohnalkova, A Kim, BG Wang, P Grate, JW AF Kim, J Jia, HF Lee, CW Chung, SW Kwak, JH Shin, Y Dohnalkova, A Kim, BG Wang, P Grate, JW TI Single enzyme nanoparticles in nanoporous silica: A hierarchical approach to enzyme stabilization and immobilization SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Asia-Pacific Biochemical Engineering Conference (APBioChEC 2005) CY MAY 15-19, 2005 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Biotechnol * Bioengn, Korean Inst Chem Engineers DE single enzyme nanoparticles; nanoporous silica; mesocellular foams; alpha-chymotrypsin; enzyme stabilization; enzyme immobilization ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; BIOCATALYSIS; CHYMOTRYPSIN; SUPPORT; SURFACE AB Single enzyme nanoparticles of alpha-chymotrypsin (SEN-CT), in which each CT molecule is surrounded by a thin polymeric organic/inorganic network, stabilized the CT activity in a shaking condition as well as in a non-shaking condition. Since SEN-CT is soluble in a buffer solution and less than 10 nm in size, SEN-CT could be further immobilized in nanoporous silica with an average pore size of 29 nm. Free CT and SEN-CT were immobilized in nanoporous silica (NPS), and nanoporous silica that was first silanized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (amino-NPS) to generate a positive surface charge. The SEN-CT adsorbed in amino-NPS was more stable than CT immobilized by either adsorption in NPS or covalent bonding to amino-NPS. In shaking conditions, nanoporous silica provided an additional stabilization by protecting SEN-CT from shear stresses. At 22 degrees C with harsh shaking, free, NPS-adsorbed and NPS-covalently attached CT showed half lives of 1, 62, and 80 h, respectively; whereas SEN-CT adsorbed in amino-NPS showed no activity loss within 12 days. The combination of SENs and nanoporous silica, which makes an active and stable immobilized enzyme system, represents a new structure for biocatalytic applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jungbae.Kim@pnl.gov; jwgrate@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.042 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 053NN UT WOS:000238311900021 ER PT J AU Bardakci, K AF Bardakci, K TI Summing planar bosonic open strings SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD APPROXIMATION; WORLDSHEET DESCRIPTION AB In earlier work, planar graphs of massless phi(3) theory were summed with the help of the light cone world sheet picture and the mean field approximation. In the present article, the same methods are applied to the problem of summing planar bosonic open strings. We find that. in the ground state of the system, string boundaries form a condensate on the world sheet, and a new string emerges from this summation. Its slope is always greater than the initial slope, and it remains non-zero even when the initial slope is set equal to zero. If we assume the initial string tends to a field theory in the zero slope limit, this result provides evidence for string formation in field theory. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bardakci, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kbardakci@Ibl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 746 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.04.012 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 054TG UT WOS:000238400900006 ER PT J AU Top, S Vessieres, A Jaouen, G Fish, RH AF Top, Siden Vessieres, Anne Jaouen, Gerard Fish, Richard H. TI New synthetic pathways of cis- or trans-hydroxytamoxifen derivatives with in situ formed [Cp*Rh(solvent)(3)](2+) complexes: Kinetic and thermodynamic control, including a novel, intramolecular N-pi rearrangement, and relative binding affinities of the eta(6) complexes for the estrogen receptor SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC RUTHENIUM(II); BIOORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; WATER; NITROGEN; CATION AB Reactions of hydroxytamoxifen derivatives, 1 and 2, with [ Cp* Rh(solvent)(3)](2+) complexes (solvent = MeOH or CH2Cl2) initially provided the kinetically controlled eta(1)-N complexes, 4 and 5, which undergo a novel intramolercular N-pi rearrangement to give the regioselective eta(6) products, 6 and 7; molecular mechanics calculations showed a preferred ground state for both the eta(1)-N and eta(6) complexes, while 6 had a higher relative binding affinity for the estrogen receptor, in competition with estradiol, than 7. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, Lab Chim & Biochim Complexes Mol, F-75213 Paris 05, France. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhfish@lbl.gov RI Jaouen, Gerard/O-9927-2016; Vessieres, Anne/A-6916-2008 OI Jaouen, Gerard/0000-0001-5471-113X; Vessieres, Anne/0000-0002-4044-2730 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 14 BP 3293 EP 3296 DI 10.1021/om060365d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 056OM UT WOS:000238534400001 ER PT J AU Raebiger, JW Turner, JW Noll, BC Curtis, CJ Miedaner, A Cox, B DuBois, DL AF Raebiger, James W. Turner, Jeffrey W. Noll, Bruce C. Curtis, Calvin J. Miedaner, Alex Cox, Brian DuBois, Daniel L. TI Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO catalyzed by a bimetallic palladium complex SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS HYDROGENCARBONATE SOLUTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; BPY = 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; COPPER ELECTRODE; METAL PHTHALOCYANINES; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; HEXAPHOSPHINE LIGAND; TRANSITION-METALS AB The bis(triphosphine) ligand C6H4 {P[CH2CH2P(C6H11)(2)](2)}(2), m-(triphos)(2) ( 1), is synthesized by the reaction of m-bis(phosphino) benzene with 4 equiv of vinyldicyclohexylphosphine. Reaction of 1 with 2 equiv of [Pd(CH3CN)(4)](BF4)(2) results in the formation of the bimetallic complex {m-(triphos)(2)[ Pd(CH3CN)](2)}(BF4)(4) ( 2). A structural study of 2 confirms the presence of two [ Pd( triphosphine)( CH3CN)](2+) substituents at the meta positions of a benzene ring. Complex 2 catalyzes the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in acidic dimethylformamide solutions. The kinetics of this reaction have been studied, and the reaction is 0.5 order in catalyst and first order in CO2. This catalyst exhibits catalytic rates comparable to that of its monometallic analogues. Significantly higher turnover numbers are observed for 2 than observed previously for monometallic, bimetallic, and dendritic complexes of this class of catalysts. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP DuBois, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.dubois@pnl.gov NR 69 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 14 BP 3345 EP 3351 DI 10.1021/om060228g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 056OM UT WOS:000238534400011 ER PT J AU Navi, N Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY Qadri, SB Wu, HD AF Navi, N Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY Qadri, SB Wu, HD TI Microwave dielectric properties of W-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films grown on (001)MgO by pulsed laser deposition with a variable oxygen deposition pressure SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD); microwave properties; BST; dielectric properties ID COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS; PHASE SHIFTERS; STRAIN; LIBRARIES AB The microwave dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 1 mol% W-doped thin films deposited using pulsed laser deposition, are improved by a novel oxygen deposition profile. The thin films were deposited onto (001) MgO substrates at a temperature of 720 degrees C. A comparison is made between three different oxygen ambient growth conditions. These include growth at a single oxygen pressure (6.7 Pa) and growth at two oxygen pressures, one low (6.7 Pa) and one high (46.7 Pa). Films were deposited in a sequence that includes both a low to high and a high to low transition in the oxygen deposition pressure. Following deposition, all filins were post-annealed in 1 atm of oxygen at 1000 degrees C for 6 h. The dielectric Q (defined as 1/tan delta) and the dielectric constant, epsilon(r), were measured at room temperature, at 2 GHz, using gap oapacitors fabricated on top of the dielectric films. The percent dielectric tuning (defined as (epsilon(r)(0 V) - epsilon(r)(40 V))/epsilon(r)(0 V) x 100) and figure of merit (FOM) (defined as percent dielectric tuning x Q(0 V)) were calculated. The film deposited using the two-stage growth conditions, 6.7/46.7 Pa oxygen, showed a maximum Q(0 V) value with high percent dielectric tuning and gave rise to a microwave FOM twice as large as the single stage growth condition. The improved dielectric properties are due to initial formation of a film with reduced interfacial strain, due to the formation of defects at the film/ substrate interface resulting in a high Q(0 V) value, followed by the reduction of oxygen vacancies which increases the dielectric constant and tuning. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. US DOE, Div Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20585 USA. MesoScribe Technol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Navi, N (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 725 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM navi@netvision.net.il NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 510 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.270 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049JB UT WOS:000238011200018 ER PT J AU Hosssain, M Meyer, HM Abu-Safe, HH Naseern, HA Brown, WD AF Hosssain, M Meyer, HM Abu-Safe, HH Naseern, HA Brown, WD TI The effect of hydrogen in the mechanism of aluminum-induced crystallization of sputtered amorphous silicon using scanning Auger microanalysis SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; crystallization; amorphous materials; sputtering ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FILMS; DEPOSITION AB The metal-induced crystallization (MIC) of hydrogenated sputtered amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using aluminum has been investigated using Xray diffraction (XRD) and scanning Auger microanalysis (SAM). Hydrogenated, as well as non-hydrogenated, amorphous silicon (a-Si) films were sputtered on glass substrates, then capped with a thin layer of Al. Following the depositions, the samples were annealed in the temperature range 200 degrees C to 400 degrees C for varying periods of time. Crystallization of the samples was confirmed by XRD. Non-hydrogenated films started to crystallize at 350 degrees C. On the other hand, crystallization of the samples with the highest hydrogen (H-2) content initiated at 225 degrees C. Thus, the crystallization temperature is affected by the H-2 content of the a-Si. Material structure following annealing was confirmed by SAM. In this paper, a comprehensive model for MIC of a-Si is developed based on these experimental results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Adv Photovolta Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3217, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal & Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hosssain, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Adv Photovolta Res Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3217, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM maruf72703@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 510 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049JB UT WOS:000238011200031 ER PT J AU Jung, EN Babbs, CF Lenhart, S Protopopescu, VA AF Jung, Eunok Babbs, Charles F. Lenhart, Suzanne Protopopescu, Vladimir A. TI Optimal strategy for cardiopulmonary resuscitation with continuous chest compression SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ACD-CPR; Cardiopump (R); decompression; duty cycle; impedance; heart arrest; hemodynamics ID HOSPITAL CARDIAC-ARREST; INTERPOSED ABDOMINAL COMPRESSION; IMPEDANCE THRESHOLD DEVICE; PORCINE MODEL; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; BLOOD-FLOW; ASSISTED VENTILATION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CPR; DECOMPRESSION AB Objectives: To apply the mathematical techniques of optimal control theory (OCT) to a validated model of the human circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), so as to discover improved waveforms for chest compression and decompression that maximize the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). Methods: The human circulatory system is represented by seven difference equations that describe the pressure changes in systemic vascular compartments that are caused by chest compression. The forcing term is the intrathoracic pressure that is generated by the external chest compression, which is taken as the control variable for the system. The optimum waveform of this forcing pressure as a function of time, determined from OCT, is that which maximizes the calculated CPP between the thoracic aorta and the superior vena cava over a period of 13.3 seconds of continuous chest compression. Results: The optimal waveform included both compression and decompression of the chest to the maximum allowable extent. Compression-decompression waveforms were rectangular in shape. The frequency of optimal compression-decompression that was found by OCT was 90 per minute. The optimal duty cycle (compression duration per cycle time) was 40%. The CPP for the optimum control waveform was 36 mm Hg vs. 25 mm Hg for standard CPR. Conclusions: Optimal control theory suggests that both compression and decompression of the chest are needed for best hemodynamics during CPR. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Basic Med Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Konkuk Univ, Dept Math, Seoul, South Korea. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, W Lafayette, IN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Babbs, CF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Basic Med Sci, 1426 Lynn Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM babbs@purdue.edu NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 IS 7 BP 715 EP 721 AR PII ISSN1069-6563583 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2006.03.550 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 063WY UT WOS:000239051800002 PM 16723728 ER PT J AU Dong, S Bremer, PT Garland, M Pascucci, V Hart, JC AF Dong, Shen Bremer, Peer-Timo Garland, Michael Pascucci, Valerio Hart, John C. TI Spectral surface quadrangulation SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE quadrangular remeshing; spectral mesh decomposition; Laplacian eigenvectors; Morse theory; Morse-Smale complex AB Resampling raw surface meshes is one of the most fundamental operations used by nearly all digital geometry processing systems. The vast majority of this work has focused on triangular remeshing, yet quadrilateral meshes are preferred for many surface PDE problems, especially fluid dynamics, and are best suited for defining Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces. We describe a fundamentally new approach to the quadrangulation of manifold polygon meshes using Laplacian eigenfunctions, the natural harmonics of the surface. These surface functions distribute their extrema evenly across a mesh, which connect via gradient flow into a quadrangular base mesh. An iterative relaxation algorithm simultaneously refines this initial complex to produce a globally smooth parameterization of the surface. From this, we can construct a well-shaped quadrilateral mesh with very few extraordinary vertices. The quality of this mesh relies on the initial choice of eigenfunction, for which we describe algorithms and hueristics to efficiently and effectively select the harmonic most appropriate for the intended application. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dong, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shendong@uiuc.edu; ptbremer@uiuc.edu; garland@uiuc.edu; pascucci@llnl.gov; jch@uiuc.edu NR 43 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0730-0301 J9 ACM T GRAPHIC JI ACM Trans. Graph. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1145/1141911.1141993 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 074MV UT WOS:000239817400068 ER PT J AU Lenard, RX AF Lenard, RX TI Nuclear safety, legal aspects and policy recommendations for space nuclear power and propulsion systems SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation CY OCT 17-21, 2005 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP Int Astronaut Fed AB This paper represents a chapter of the International Astronautical Academy's Cosmic Study on safety, legal and policy aspects of advanced (specifically nuclear) power and propulsions systems; it is divided into several sections. The first section covers a series of findings and develops a set of recommendations for operations of space reactor systems in a safe, environmentally compliant fashion. The second section develops a genetic set of hazard scenarios that might be experienced by a space nuclear system with emphasis on different methods under which such a system could be engaged, such as surface power, in-space nuclear electric or nuclear thermal propulsion. The third section develops these into test and analysis efforts that would likely be conducted. Risk areas with engineering judgment set toward frequency and consequences. The fourth section identifies what probable technology limits might be experienced by nuclear propulsion systems and the exploration limitations these technology restrictions might impose. Where the IAA recommends a change, the IAA leadership should be prepared to work with national and international bodies to implement the desired modifications. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenard, RX (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rxlenar@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 1-5 BP 398 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.049 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 057WP UT WOS:000238626200051 ER PT J AU Miranda, P Saiz, E Gryn, K Tomsia, AP AF Miranda, P Saiz, E Gryn, K Tomsia, AP TI Sintering and robocasting of beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for orthopaedic applications SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE robocasting; sintering; tricalcium phosphate; scaffolds; bone tissue engineering ID CERAMICS; BONE; BIOCERAMICS; SUSPENSIONS; POWDER; INKS AB beta-Tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) scaffolds with designed, three-dimensional (3-D) geometry and mesoscale porosity have been fabricated by direct-write assembly (robocasting) techniques. Concentrated beta-TCP inks with suitable viscoelastic properties were developed to enable the fabrication of the complex 3-D structures. A comprehensive study of the sintering behavior of TCP as a function of the calcium content in the starting powder was also carried out, and the optimal heat treatment for fabricating scaffolds with dense beta-TCP rods has been determined. Such analysis provides clues to controlling the microstructure of the fabricated structures and. therefore. enabling the fabrication by robocasting of TCP scaffolds with tailored performance for bone tissue engineering applications. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miranda, P (reprint author), Univ Extremadura, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, Avda Elvas S-N, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. EM pmiranda@unex.es RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633] NR 30 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.02.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 059OT UT WOS:000238742800009 PM 16723287 ER PT J AU Thibault, P Elser, V Jacobsen, C Shapiro, D Sayre, D AF Thibault, Pierre Elser, Veit Jacobsen, Chris Shapiro, David Sayre, David TI Reconstruction of a yeast cell from X-ray diffraction data SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID BEAM-PROPAGATION METHOD; PHASE RETRIEVAL; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ITERATED PROJECTIONS; SCATTERING; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION; MICROSCOPY; REFLECTION; HOLOGRAPHY AB Details are provided of the algorithm used for the reconstruction of yeast cell images in the recent demonstration of diffraction microscopy by Shapiro, Thibault, Beetz, Elser, Howells, Jacobsen, Kirz, Lima, Miao, Nieman & Sayre [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (2005), 102, 15343-15346]. Two refinements of the iterative constraint-based scheme are developed to address the current experimental realities of this imaging technique, which include missing central data and noise. A constrained power operator is defined whose eigenmodes allow the identification of a small number of degrees of freedom in the reconstruction that are negligibly constrained as a result of the missing data. To achieve reproducibility in the algorithm's output, a special intervention is required for these modes. Weak incompatibility of the constraints caused by noise in both direct and Fourier space leads to residual phase fluctuations. This problem is addressed by supplementing the algorithm with an averaging method. The effect of averaging may be interpreted in terms of an effective modulation transfer function, as used in optics, to quantify the resolution. The reconstruction details are prefaced with simulations of wave propagation through a model yeast cell. These show that the yeast cell is a strong-phase-contrast object for the conditions in the experiment. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Elser, V (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ve10@cornell.edu RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Thibault, Pierre/B-2656-2010 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM64846-01] NR 40 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.1107/S0108767306016515 PN 4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 055JW UT WOS:000238447600003 PM 16788265 ER PT J AU Sekar, K Yogavel, M Kanaujia, SP Sharma, A Velmurugan, D Poi, MJ Dauter, Z Tsai, MD AF Sekar, K Yogavel, M Kanaujia, SP Sharma, A Velmurugan, D Poi, MJ Dauter, Z Tsai, MD TI Suggestive evidence for the involvement of the second calcium and surface loop in interfacial binding: monoclinic and trigonal crystal structures of a quadruple mutant of phospholipase A(2) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; TRIPLE MUTANT; K-ASTERISK(CAT) ACTIVATION; RESOLUTION REFINEMENT; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; ION; CATALYSIS; TERMINUS; PROTEINS AB The crystal structures of the monoclinic and trigonal forms of the quadruple mutant K53,56,120,121M of recombinant bovine pancreatic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) have been solved and refined at 1.9 and 1.1 angstrom resolution, respectively. Interestingly, the monoclinic form reveals the presence of the second calcium ion. Furthermore, the surface-loop residues are ordered and the conformation of residues 62-66 is similar to that observed in other structures containing the second calcium ion. On the other hand, in the trigonal form the surface loop is disordered and the second calcium is absent. Docking studies suggest that the second calcium and residues Lys62 and Asp66 from the surface loop could be involved in the interaction with the polar head group of the membrane phospholipid. It is hypothesized that the two structures of the quadruple mutant, monoclinic and trigonal, represent the conformations of PLA2 at the lipid interface and in solution, respectively. A docked structure with a phospholipid molecule and with a transition-state analogue bound, one at the active site coordinating to the catalytic calcium and the other at the second calcium site, but both at the i-face, is presented. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Supercomp Educ & Res Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Univ Madras, Dept Crystallog & Biophys, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio State Biochem Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, NCI, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sinica, Genom Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Sekar, K (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM sekar@physics.iisc.ernet.in OI Tsai, Ming-Daw/0000-0003-1374-0414 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 57568] NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1107/S0907444906014855 PN 7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 055JV UT WOS:000238447500004 PM 16790927 ER PT J AU Sudbrack, CK Yoon, KE Noebe, RD Seidman, DN AF Sudbrack, Chantal K. Yoon, Kevin E. Noebe, Ronald D. Seidman, David N. TI Temporal evolution of the nanostructure and phase compositions in a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanostructure; nucleation of phase transformations; coarsening; Ni alloys; atom-probe tomography ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; NUMBER DENSITY; PRECIPITATE; DECOMPOSITION; NUCLEATION; SCALE; SUPERALLOYS; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES AB In a Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% alloy with moderate solute supersaturations and a very small -gamma/gamma' lattice parameter misfit. the nanostructural and compositional pathways during gamma'(L1(2)) precipitation at S73 K are investigated using atom-probe tomography. conventional transmission electron microscopy, and hardness measurements. Nucleation of high number densities (N-v > 10(23) m(-3)) of solute-rich precipitates (mean radius = < R > = 0.75 nm), with a critical nucleus composition of Ni-18.3 +/- 0.9 Al-9.3 +/- 0.7 Cr at.%. initiates between 0.0833 and 0.167 h. With increasing aging time (a) the solute concentrations decay in spheroidal precipitates (< R > < 10 nm): (b) the observed early-stage coalescence peaks at maximum N-v in coincidence with the smallest interprecipitate spacing: and (c) the reaction enters a quasi-stationary regime where growth and coarsening operate concomitantly. During this quasi-stationary regime. the (face-centered cubic)-matrix Solute supersaturations decay with a power-law dependence of about -1/3. while the dependencies of < R > and N-v are 0.29 +/- 0.05 and -0.64 +/- 0.06 at a coarsening rate slower than model predications. Coarsening models allow both equilibrium phase compositions to be determined from the compositional measurements. The observed early-stage coalescence is discussed in further detail. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published bv Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Seidman, DN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. EM csudbrack@alumni.reed.edu; d-seidman@northwestern.edu RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 52 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3199 EP 3210 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.015 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065EM UT WOS:000239142200005 ER PT J AU Harun, A Holm, EA Clode, MP Miodownik, MA AF Harun, Azmir Holm, Elizabeth A. Clode, Mike P. Miodownik, Mark A. TI On computer simulation methods to model Zener pinning SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Zener pinning; grain growth; modelling ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; SECOND-PHASE PARTICLES; GRAIN-GROWTH; INHIBITION AB We compare the ability of three types of microstructural model to simulate particle pinning by performing simulations using, the front tracking model, the phase field model and the Monte Carlo Potts model. The same three-dimensional test geometries are simulated using, each method and compared with theory. The pinning force acting oil the migrating curved grain boundary is calculated and compared with theoretical predictions for each model. All three simulation methods correctly capture the physics of pinning and the simulations confirm that for static spherically symmetric boundaries. a catenoid shape is produced during particle bypass, as predicted by theory. The presence of triple lines and quadruple points changes the equilibrium boundary shapes: this does not affect the pinning forces greatly. whereas the pinning force is a strong function of the particle shape. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kings Coll, Div Engn, Mat Grp, London, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miodownik, MA (reprint author), Kings Coll, Div Engn, Mat Grp, London, England. EM mark.miodownik@kcl.ac.uk RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3261 EP 3273 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.012 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065EM UT WOS:000239142200012 ER PT J AU Foiles, SM Hoyt, JJ AF Foiles, Stephen M. Hoyt, J. J. TI Computation of grain boundary stiffness and mobility from boundary fluctuations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary; stiffness; mobility; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MIGRATION; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; ENERGY AB Grain boundary stiffness and mobility determine the kinetics of curvature-driven grain growth. Here the stiffness and mobility are computed using an analysis Of fluctuations in the grain boundary position during molecular dynamics simulations. This work represents the first determination of grain boundary stiffness for a realistic three-dimensional system. The results indicate that the boundary stiffness for a given boundary plane has a strong dependence oil the direction of the boundary distortion. The mobility deduced is comparable with that determined in previous computer simulation studies. The advantages and limitations of the fluctuation approach are discussed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd oil behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM foiles@sandia.gov OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 24 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3351 EP 3357 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.037 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065EM UT WOS:000239142200019 ER PT J AU Ren, YF Yang, JS Shu, JF Mao, HW Zhang, ZM AF Ren YuFeng Yang JingSui Shu Jingfu Mao Hokwang Zhang ZhongMing TI Discovery of Na- and Zn bearing spinel in the rock cuttings from the main hole, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Na- and zn bearing spinel; oxide; exsolution; ultramafic; UHP; CCSD ID PRESSURE METAMORPHIC ROCKS; PROJECT; EXSOLUTION AB In the rock cuttings from the main hole, CCSD, Na- and Zn bearing spinel occurred as exsolution lamella in ilmenite and magnetite. The mineral is about 5 similar to 60 mu m in width and 2 similar to 3 mu m in length, composed of MgO 17. 143 similar to 22. 337wt%, Al(2)O(3)63. 646 similar to 66. 492wt%, FeO 9.784 similar to 13. 924wt%, ZnO 1. 649 similar to 6.386wt%, Na2O 0. 029 similar to 0. 219wt%, where Na2O and ZnO are positively in different grains. By x-ray analysis of synchrotron light source, the spinel is cubic symmetry with space group of Fm3m and crystal cell parameter of a =0. 83781nm. With the fact that the spinel is associated with ilmenite, magnetite, garnet (pyr = 50 similar to 58mol%) and the garnet is retrograded into orthopyroxene and Mg-chlorite, the spinel should be derived from ultramafic, and experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. The phenomenon of miscibility gap and exsolution texture are widely occurred in the oxide minerals between Mt-Usp, Mt-Sp1 and Mt-Ilm. According to the known petrologic experiments of Mt-Usp binary system and Ilm-Gk-Hem ternary system, the oxygen fugacity of the rocks in the main hole is low and forming temperature is at least over 720 degrees C. The ferro-titanium oxides exsoluted during ultramafic magma crystallization, but later in ultrahigh pressure metamorphism may be formed solid solutions and exsoluted again after temperature decrease. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. CAGS, Inst Geol, MLR, Key Lab Continental Dynam, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Ren, YF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ryf2003_1999@yahoo.com.cn NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1867 EP 1874 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA 160QI UT WOS:000245957000012 ER PT J AU Li, F Sarkhel, S Wilds, C Wawrzak, Z Prakash, T Manoharan, M Egli, M AF Li, Feng Sarkhel, Sanjay Wilds, Christopher Wawrzak, Zdzislaw Prakash, Thazha Manoharan, Muthiah Egli, Martin TI 2-fluoroarabino- and arabinonucleic acid show different conformations, resulting in deviating RNA affinities and processing of their heteroduplexes with RNA by RNase H SO ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wilds, Christopher/K-4012-2013; Sarkhel, Sanjay/C-9571-2014 OI Wilds, Christopher/0000-0002-0336-4753; Sarkhel, Sanjay/0000-0003-2369-6605 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1671-4083 J9 ACTA PHARMACOL SIN JI Acta Pharmacol. Sin. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 SU 1 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 071HI UT WOS:000239590003478 ER PT J AU Helms, B Frechet, JMJ AF Helms, Brett Frechet, Jean M. J. TI The dendrimer effect in homogeneous catalysis SO ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS LA English DT Review DE cooperative effects; dendrimers; homogeneous catalysis; structure-activity relationships; supported catalysts ID CONTROLLED MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION; ENZYME MIMICS; ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CARBOSILANE DENDRIMERS; OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE FUNCTIONALITY; METALLOCENE CATALYSTS; RECOVERABLE CATALYSTS AB The immobilization of catalytic groups onto a dendritic support either at the core or at the periphery gives rise to unique properties that affect rates of reaction, substrate activation or selectivity, etc. When advantageous, these properties can be classified as a positive dendrimer effect. Positive dendrimer effects can arise from site isolation, transition state stabilization and/or dielectric effects in the case of core-modified dendrimers, while peripherally modified dendrimers usually benefit from steric crowding or cooperativity for catalytic residues confined to the surface of the polymer. In this review, the appearance of positive dendrimer effects from the literature will be highlighted as well as prospects for future work in the field. 1 Introduction 2 Commonly Used Dendrimer Platforms for Macromolecular Catalysts 3 Core-Functionalized Dendrimers in Catalysis 4 Peripherally Modified Dendrimers in Catalysis 5 Conclusion and Outlook. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163; Helms, Brett/0000-0003-3925-4174 NR 115 TC 267 Z9 270 U1 8 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-4150 J9 ADV SYNTH CATAL JI Adv. Synth. Catal. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 348 IS 10-11 BP 1125 EP 1148 DI 10.1002/adsc.200606095 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 068YX UT WOS:000239412400001 ER PT J AU Kollet, SJ Maxwell, RM AF Kollet, Stefan J. Maxwell, Reed M. TI Integrated surface-groundwater flow modeling: A free-surface overland flow boundary condition in a parallel groundwater flow model SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE surface-groundwater interactions; overland flow boundary condition; integrated parallel modeling; subsurface heterogeneity; hydrograph uncertainty ID VARIABLY-SATURATED FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; RICHARDS EQUATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER-TABLE; AQUIFER; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM; SOILS AB Interactions between surface and groundwater are a key component of the hydrologic budget on the watershed scale. Models that honor these interactions are commonly based on the conductance concept that presumes a distinct interface at the land surface, separating the surface from the subsurface domain. These types of models link the subsurface and surface domains via an exchange flux that depends upon the magnitude and direction of the hydraulic gradient across the interface and a proportionality constant (a measure of the hydraulic connectivity). Because experimental evidence of such a distinct interface is often lacking in field systems, there is a need for a more general coupled modeling approach. A more general coupled model is presented that incorporates a new two-dimensional overland flow simulator into the parallel three-dimensional variably saturated subsurface flow code ParFlow [Ashby SF, Falgout RD. A parallel multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm for groundwater flow simulations. Nucl Sci Eng 1996;124(1):145-59; Jones JE, Woodward CS. Newton-Krylov-multigrid solvers for large-scale, highly heterogeneous, variably saturated flow problems. Adv Water Resour 2001;24:763-774]. This new overland flow simulator takes the form of an upper boundary condition and is, thus, fully integrated without relying on the conductance concept. Another important advantage of this approach is the efficient parallelism incorporated into ParFlow, which is exploited by the overland flow simulator. Several verification and simulation examples are presented that focus on the two main processes of runoff production: excess infiltration and saturation. The model is shown to reproduce an analytical solution for overland flow, replicates a laboratory experiment for surface-subsurface flow and compares favorably to other commonly used hydrologic models. The influence of heterogeneity of the shallow subsurface on overland flow is also examined. The results show the propagation of uncertainty due to subsurface heterogeneity to the overland flow predictions and demonstrate the usefulness of our approach. Both the overland flow component and the coupled model are evaluated in a parallel scaling study and show to be efficient. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & energy Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kollet, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & energy Sci Dept, L-206,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kollet2@llnl.gov RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 47 TC 285 Z9 291 U1 12 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 945 EP 958 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.08.006 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 060VX UT WOS:000238830800001 ER PT J AU Werner, M Nico, P Guo, B Kennedy, I Anastasio, C AF Werner, M Nico, P Guo, B Kennedy, I Anastasio, C TI Laboratory study of simulated atmospheric transformations of chromium in ultrafine combustion aerosol particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; COAL COMBUSTION; LUNG INJURY; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; TOXICITY; NANOPARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY; SPECIATION; REDUCTION AB While atmospheric particles can have adverse health effects, the reasons for this toxicity are largely unclear. One possible reason is that the particles can contain toxic metals such as chromium. Chromium exists in the environment in two major oxidation states: III, which is an essential nutrient, and VI, which is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Currently little is known about the speciation of chromium in airborne particles or how this speciation is altered by atmospheric reactions. To investigate the potential impacts of atmospheric aging on the speciation and toxicity of chromium-containing particles, we collected chromium and chromium-iron combustion ultrafine particles on Teflon filters and exposed the particles to a combination of light, ozone, water vapor, and, in some cases, basic or acidic conditions. After the aging process, the aged and not-aged samples were analyzed for Cr oxidation state using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). We found that the aging process reduced Cr(VI) by as much as 20% in chromium particles that had high initial Cr(VI)/Cr(total) ratios. This reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) appears to be due to reactions primarily with light and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) in the chamber. Particles that had low initial Cr(VI)/Cr(total) ratios experienced no significant change in Cr oxidation states after aging. Compared to particles containing only Cr, the addition of Fe to the flame decreased the Cr(VI)/Cr(total) ratio in fresh Cr-Fe particles by similar to 60%. Aging of these Cr-Fe particles had no additional effects on the Cr(VI)/Cr(total) ratio. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Anastasio, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM canastasio@ucdavis.edu RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1080/02786820600714353 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055TJ UT WOS:000238473000004 ER PT J AU Haby, VA Stout, SA Hons, FM Leonard, AT AF Haby, Vincent A. Stout, Stephen A. Hons, Frank M. Leonard, Allen T. TI Nitrogen fixation and transfer in a mixed stand of alfalfa and bermudagrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DINITROGEN FIXATION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; N-2 FIXATION; FIELD; N-15; NODULATION; MIXTURES; RYEGRASS; SOIL AB Information about dinitrogen (N-2) fixation and transfer is needed to determine potential benefits from growing binary mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] on Coastal Plain soils of the USA. Our objectives were to quantify N-2 fixed by alfalfa and transferred to bermudagrass. 'Alfagraze' alfalfa was grown at row spacings (RS) of 23, 46, 69, and 91 cm in a mixed stand with 'Coastal' bermudagrass on a Darco loamy fine sand (loamy siliceous, semiactive thermic Grossarenic Paleudult). The mixed stand was fertilized with 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha(-1) applied for each bermudagrass regrowth. Isotope dilution was used to estimate N-2 fixation and subsequent transfer to bermudagrass in the zero-applied N plots. Wider alfalfa RS significantly increased bermudagrass yields. Higher N rate (NR) significantly improved bermudagrass yield during cool temperature and drought stress periods in 1994 and 1996. Narrower RS and higher NR significantly increased alfalfa production. Legume N derived from the atmosphere ranged from 42 to 91% and the fixed N yield ranged from 80 to 222 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Bermudagrass N derived from atmospheric N-2 fixation ranged from 1.0 to 77%, and the transfer N yield (TNY) was <= 18 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Results varied depending on harvest date, year, treatment, and grass yield. Alfalfa RS had little effect on TNY. The low bermudagrass yield and subsequent TNY in this binary forage production system suggest that monoculture alfalfa may be the best approach for managing alfalfa on Coastal Plain soils. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Overton, TX 75684 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haby, VA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, POB 200, Overton, TX 75684 USA. EM v-haby@tamu.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0084 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100003 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Owens, LB AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Lal, R. Post, W. M. Owens, L. B. TI Changes in long-term no-till corn growth and yield under different rates of stover mulch SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP RESIDUES; GRAIN-YIELD; REMOVAL; EROSION; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; IMPACTS; BIOMASS; BELT AB Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) stover for biofuel production may affect crop yields by altering soil properties. A partial stover removal may be feasible, but information on appropriate rates of removal is unavailable. We assessed the short-term impacts of stover management on long-term no-till (NT) continuous corn grown on a Rayne silt loam (fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) at Coshocton, Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) at Hoytville, and Celina silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) at South Charleston in Ohio, and predicted corn yield from soil properties using principal component analysis (PCA). The study was conducted in 2005 on the ongoing experiments started in May 2004 under 0 (TO), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 75 (T75), 100 (T100), and 200 (T200)% of stover corresponding to 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 10.00 Mg ha(-1) of stover, respectively. Stover removal promoted early emergence and rapid seedling growth (P < 0.01). Early-emerging plants grew taller than late-emerging plants up to about 50 d, and then the heights reversed at Coshocton and were comparable at other two sites. Stover management affected corn yield only at the Coshocton site where average grain and stover yields in the T200, T100, T75, and T50 (10.8 and 10.3 Mg ha(-1)) were higher than those in the TO and T25 treatments (8.5 and 6.5 Mg ha(-1)) (P < 0.01), showing that stover removal at rates as low as 50% (2.5 Mg ha(-1)) decreased crop yields. Soil properties explained 71% of the variability in grain yield and 33% of the variability in stover yield for the Coshocton site. Seventeen months after the start of the experiment, effects of stover management on corn yield and soil properties were site-specific. C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0005 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100032 ER PT J AU Barone, MF Oberkampf, WL Blottner, FG AF Barone, M. F. Oberkampf, W. L. Blottner, F. G. TI Validation case study: Prediction of compressible turbulent mixing layer growth rate SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FREE SHEAR LAYERS; K-EPSILON MODEL; DILATATION-DISSIPATION; VELOCITY-FIELD; PART 1; FLOWS AB A recently developed validation metric is applied to the example problem of growth-rate prediction for a turbulent, compressible mixing layer. Emphasis is placed on the validation exercise as a well-defined process, which must include quantification of numerical error, evaluation of the level of confidence in the experimental data, and estimation of model accuracy. Available data for compressible mixing layers are reexamined, resulting in a new recommended data set for the study of mixing layer growth rate. Numerical solutions to the Favre-averaged NavierStokes equations with various two-equation turbulence closures and compressibility models are obtained and verified through formal solution verification procedures. The validation metric results are presented for each of the models, including local error estimates for detailed evaluation of model performance and global metrics that facilitate model performance comparisons. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barone, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, POB 5800,MS 0825, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbarone@sandia.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1488 EP 1497 DI 10.2514/1.19919 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 063UV UT WOS:000239046300013 ER PT J AU Plodinec, MJ AF Plodinec, M. J. TI Pick your poison - Natural gas uncertainties and the American glass industry SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Plodinec, MJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, STE 100, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 080WR UT WOS:000240279700045 ER PT J AU Gerjuoy, E Sessler, AM AF Gerjuoy, Edward Sessler, Andrew M. TI Popper's experiment and communication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB We comment on an analysis by Qureshi of an experiment proposed by Popper and show that an analysis based solely on conventional nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is sufficient to exclude the possibility of subluminal or superluminal communication. That is, local operations cannot be employed to transmit information. (C) 2006 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gerjuoy, E (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM amsessler@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1119/1.2190684 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 056VK UT WOS:000238553000015 ER PT J AU Braterman, PS Cygan, RT AF Braterman, Paul S. Cygan, Randall T. TI Vibrational spectroscopy of brucite: A molecular simulation investigation SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE brucite; magnesium hydroxide; infrared; molecular dynamics; neutron scattering; vibrational spectra ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RAMAN-SPECTRA; HYDROXIDES; M(OH)(2); MG(OH)2; CA(OH)2; DYNAMICS; ZN(OH)F; M=CA; CD AB We have modeled the vibrational spectrum of brucite, the common phase of magnesium hydroxide, at 1 bar (10(5) Pa) by two separate techniques: molecular dynamics simulation and vibrational mode analysis. Molecular dynamics simulation of a model supercell provides information (from the power spectrum of the atomic velocity autocorrelation function) about the frequencies and directions of atomic thermal motions, using a defined energy force field. Vibrational mode analysis gives complementary information about the frequencies, nature, and infrared and Raman activity of the computed modes of the same system. Using both methods we find (in addition to the spectroscopically active modes) inactive modes up to around 1000 cm(-1), corresponding to MOH bending (OH rotational) motions. We invoke these modes to explain the published inelastic neutron scattering data, and suggest that their relatively high frequency is an inevitable consequence of repulsive interactions between neighboring H atoms. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Braterman, PS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, POB 305070, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM psb@unt.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 7 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2094 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 063UU UT WOS:000239046200023 ER PT J AU Hertzog, DE Ivorra, B Mohammadi, B Bakajin, O Santiago, JG AF Hertzog, DE Ivorra, B Mohammadi, B Bakajin, O Santiago, JG TI Optimization of a microfluidic mixer for studying protein folding kinetics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CYTOCHROME-C; TIME-SCALE AB We have applied an optimization method in conjunction with numerical simulations to minimize the mixing time of a microfluidic mixer developed for protein folding studies. The optimization method uses a semideterministic algorithm to find the global minimum of the mixing time by varying the mixer geometry and flow conditions. We describe the minimization problem and constraints and give a brief overview of the optimization algorithm. We present results of the optimization, including the optimized geometry and parameter sensitivities, and we demonstrate the improvement in mixing performance with experiments using microfabricated mixers. The dye-quenching experiments of the original and optimized mixer designs show respective mixing times of 7 and 4 mu s, a 40% reduction. The new design also provides more uniform mixing across streamlines that enter the mixer. The optimized mixer is the fastest reported continuous flow mixer for protein folding. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Montpellier, Modeling Inst Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. RP Santiago, JG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM juan.santiago@stanford.edu RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Ivorra, Benjamin/B-3346-2010 OI Ivorra, Benjamin/0000-0002-0536-7149 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HV-28183] NR 29 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4299 EP 4306 DI 10.1021/ac051903j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058KZ UT WOS:000238665200014 PM 16808436 ER PT J AU Schilling, GD Andrade, FJ Barnes, JH Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM AF Schilling, GD Andrade, FJ Barnes, JH Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM TI Characterization of a second-generation focal-plane camera coupled to an inductively coupled plasma Mattauch-Herzog geometry mass spectrograph SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY DETECTOR; SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE AB A second-generation Faraday-strip array detector has been coupled to an inductively coupled plasma Mattauch-Herzog geometry mass spectrograph, thereby offering simultaneous acquisition of a range of mass-to-charge ratios. The second-generation device incorporates narrower, more closely spaced collectors than the earlier system. Furthermore, the new camera can acquire signal on all collectors at a frequency greater than 2 kHz and has the ability to independently adjust the gain level of each collector. Each collector can also be reset independently. With these improvements, limits of detection in the hundreds of picograms per liter for metals in solution have been obtained. Some additional features, such as a broader linear dynamic range ( over 7 orders of magnitude), greater resolving power ( up to 600), and improved isotope ratio accuracy were attained. In addition, isotope ratio precision as low as 0.018% RSD was achieved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM hieftje@indiana.edu NR 27 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4319 EP 4325 DI 10.1021/ac052026k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058KZ UT WOS:000238665200016 PM 16808438 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Adsorption mechanisms and effect of temperature in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Meaning of the classical Van't Hoff plot in chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY-PHASE; SURFACE HETEROGENEITY; ISOTHERM PARAMETERS; RETENTION; COLUMN; SILICA; RANGE; RPLC AB The effect of temperature on the adsorption and retention behaviors of a low molecular weight compound ( phenol) on a C-18-bonded silica column (C-18-Sunfire, Waters) from aqueous solutions of methanol ( 20%) or acetonitrile (15%) was investigated. The results of the measurements were interpreted successively on the basis of the linear (i.e., overall retention factors) and the nonlinear (i.e., adsorption isotherms, surface heterogeneity, saturation capacities, and equilibrium constants) chromatographic methods. The confrontation of these two approaches confirmed the impossibility of a sound physical interpretation of the conventional Van't Hoff plot. The classical linear chromatography theory assumes that retention is determined by the equilibrium thermodynamics of analytes between a homogeneous stationary phase and a homogeneous mobile phase ( although there may be two or several types of interactions). From values of the experimental retention factors in a temperature interval and estimates of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution in the same temperature interval provided by the UNIFAC group contribution method, evidence is provided that such a retention model cannot hold. The classical Van't Hoff plot appears meaningless and its linear behavior a mere accident. Results from nonlinear chromatography confirm these conclusions and provide explanations. The retention factors seem to fulfill the Van't Hoff equation, not the Henry constants corresponding to the different types of adsorption sites. The saturation capacities and the adsorption energies are clearly temperature dependent. The temperature dependence of these characteristics of the different assorption sites are different in aqueous methanol and acetonitrile solutions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4642 EP 4653 DI 10.1021/ac0602017 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058KZ UT WOS:000238665200055 PM 16808477 ER PT J AU Schwartzberg, AM Oshiro, TY Zhang, JZ Huser, T Talley, CE AF Schwartzberg, AM Oshiro, TY Zhang, JZ Huser, T Talley, CE TI Improving nanoprobes using surface-enhanced Raman scattering from 30-nm hollow gold particles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASMON RESONANCE; SILVER ELECTRODE; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSHELLS; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTRA; CELLS; AG AB We report the development of nanoprobes that exploit the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from nonaggregated, hollow, gold nanospheres (HGNSs). The homogeneity of the HGNSs leads to a nearly 10-fold improvement in signal consistency over standard silver SERS substrates, which translates into a significant increase in sensitivity and dynamic range for the model application of pH sensing. Moreover, the small size (30-nm diameter) of these SERS-active nanoparticles represents a major step in advancing sensing technology based on SERS, making this technology more amenable to intracellular sensing. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu; talley1@llnl.gov RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 28 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4732 EP 4736 DI 10.1021/ac060220g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058KZ UT WOS:000238665200068 PM 16808490 ER PT J AU Orenstein, J Corson, J Oh, S Eckstein, JN AF Orenstein, J. Corson, J. Oh, Seongshik Eckstein, J. N. TI Superconducting fluctuations in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+delta as seen by terahertz spectroscopy SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE high-temperature superconductors; vortex plasma; superconducting fluctuations; time-domain THz spectroscopy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; SUPERFLUID DENSITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; VORTICES; FILMS AB More than one hundred years ago Paul Drude derived the frequency-dependent conductivity sigma(omega) of a gas of point charges, showing that the width of the spectrum was related to the scattering rate of carriers. Seventy five years later, in the late 1970's and early 1980's, it was recognized that sigma(omega) of a two-dimensional superconductor above it's transition temperature T-c could be described by the Drude response of interpenetrating gases of electrons and vortices. Here we describe measurements of sigma(omega) in the high-T-c superconductor system Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+delta (BSCCO) using time-domain THz spectroscopy that provide evidence for vortices above T,. We compare this evidence with results obtained by other probes of fluctuations in cuprate superconductors. (C) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Orenstein, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM joeo@mh1.lbl.gov RI Orenstein, Joseph/I-3451-2015 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1002/andp.200510202 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 064QY UT WOS:000239105400014 ER PT J AU Liu, HL Quijada, M Romero, DB Tanner, DB Zibold, A Carr, GL Berger, H Forro, L Mihaly, L Cao, G O, BH Markert, JT Rice, JP Burns, MJ Delin, KA AF Liu, H. L. Quijada, M. Romero, D. B. Tanner, D. B. Zibold, A. Carr, G. L. Berger, H. Forro, L. Mihaly, L. Cao, G. O, Beom-Hoan Markert, J. T. Rice, J. P. Burns, M. J. Delin, K. A. TI Drude behavior in the far-infrared conductivity of cuprate superconductors SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE infrared; Drude; cuprate ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; RESISTIVITY; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; PSEUDOGAP AB When viewed at frequencies below about 8 THz (250 cm(-1); 30 meV) the ab-plane optical conductivity of the cuprate superconductors (in their normal state) is well described by a Drude model. Examples include optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8; even the underdoped phases have a Drude character to their optical conductivity. A residual Drude-like normal fluid is seen in the superconducting state in most cases; the scattering rate of this quasiparticle contribution collapses at T-c. (C) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tanner, DB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hliu@phy.ntnu.edu.tw; manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov; dbromero@nist.gov; tanner@phys.ufl.edu; Axel.Zibold@t-online.de; carr@bnl.gov RI Burns, Michael/D-2939-2011 OI Burns, Michael/0000-0001-9804-405X NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 EI 1521-3889 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 606 EP 618 DI 10.1002/andp.200510205 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 064QY UT WOS:000239105400015 ER PT J AU Lee, RC Despa, F Guo, L Betala, P Kuo, A Thiyagarajan, P AF Lee, Raphael C. Despa, Florin Guo, L. Betala, Pravin Kuo, Anne Thiyagarajan, P. TI Surfactant copolymers prevent aggregation of heat denatured lysozyme SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE heat denatured proteins; surfactants; poloxamer; protein refolding; SAXS; DSC ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE-B; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ARTIFICIAL-CHAPERONE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SHOCK PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; THERMODYNAMICS AB We investigated the ability of certain triblock copolymer surfactant poloxamers of the form polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO), to prevent formation of stable aggregates of heat denatured hen egg lysozyme. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments were performed to study the thermodynamics and solution structures of lysozyme at temperatures between 20 and 90 degrees C in the presence and absence of poloxamers with various molecular weights (8.4-14.3 kDa), but similar hydrophile/hydrophobe (PEO:PPO) ratio of 80%. Poloxmer 188 was found to be very effective in preventing aggregation of heat denatured lysozyme and those functioned as a synthetic surfactant, thus enabling them to refold when the conditions become optimal. For comparison, we measured the ability of 8 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) to prevent lysozyme aggregation under same conditions. The results of these studies suggest that poloxamers are more efficient than PEG in preventing aggregation of heat denaturated lysozyme, To achieve equivalence, more than an order of magnitude higher concentration of PEG concentration was needed. Apparently, the presence of a hydrophobic segment in the poloxamers increases their ability to target the hydrophobic region of the unfolded proteins and protect them from self association. Given their biocompatibility and the low concentrations at which they effectively facilitate refolding of denatured proteins, they may be useful in the treatment of burns and other conditions resulting in the denaturation of proteins. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Comm Mol Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Comm Mol Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol, Comm Mol Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Anat, Comm Mol Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, RC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Med & Anat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM r-lee@uchicago.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061101, R01 GM064757, R01 GM61101, R01 GM64757] NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1200 DI 10.1007/s10439-006-9139-z PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 064JS UT WOS:000239085800012 PM 16786393 ER PT J AU Ilas, G Hudson, NH Rahnema, F Ougouag, AM Gougar, HG AF Ilas, G. Hudson, N. H. Rahnema, F. Ougouag, A. M. Gougar, H. G. TI On the few-group cross-section generation methodology for PBR analysis SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID REACTOR AB The generation of accurate few-group nodal parameters, which strongly influences the accuracy of a reactor core criticality analysis, constitutes an important aspect of the work in developing advanced neutronics methodologies for pebble bed reactors (PBRs). As compared to other methodologies currently used for light water reactors (LWRs), the calculation at the core sub-region level for PBRs needs to account for the third spatial dimension because of the double heterogeneity of the configuration. This paper considers two modeling approaches for few-group cross-section generation: Monte Carlo (the MCNP code) and deterministic transport (the MICROX-2 code). Results from these codes are used to discuss the effect of the modeling assumptions (parameters) on the accuracy of the solution. Few-group cross-sections and spectral indices are calculated and compared for different packing fractions of the pebbles in the pebble lattice cell and different values of the moderator-to-fuel pebble ratio, temperature, and fuel burnup. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Med Phys Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rahnema, F (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ilasg@ornl.gov; farzad@gatech.edu RI Ougouag, Abderrafi/A-9499-2009; OI Ougouag, Abderrafi/0000-0003-4436-380X; Ilas, Germina/0000-0003-4222-6393 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11-12 BP 1058 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2006.02.014 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 094TA UT WOS:000241260700010 ER PT J AU Sandvik, AW Melko, RG AF Sandvik, A. W. Melko, R. G. TI Ground-state phases and quantum phase transitions in a two-dimensional spin-1/2 XY model with four-spin interactions SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE XY model; quantum phase transition; valence-bond solid; finite-size scaling; hard-core bosons; ring exchange; quantum Monte Carlo; stochastic series expansion ID MONTE-CARLO; FINITE-SIZE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM AB We discuss the ground state phase transition between an antiferromagnet and a valence-bond solid in a two-dimensional spin-1/2 XY model with a four-spin interaction. This transition has been proposed as a candidate for a deconfined quantum-critical point. We analyze quantum Monte Carlo data in order to accurately characterize the transition. The central question that remains to be answered is whether the transition really is continuous, or whether it is actually weakly first-order. We present the current status of both ground state and finite-temperature calculations. Based on the results, we discuss possible scenarios for the transition, none of which is consistent with deconfined quantum-criticality. However, we argue that a deconfined quantum-critical point may be located nearby in an extended parameter space. We also discuss the staggered Ising phase obtaining in the limit of strong four-spin coupling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sandvik, AW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sandvik@bu.edu OI Sandvik, Anders/0000-0002-5638-4619 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 321 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.009 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 060SX UT WOS:000238823000011 ER PT J AU Zhou, SY Gweon, GH Lanzara, A AF Zhou, S. Y. Gweon, G. -H. Lanzara, A. TI Low energy excitations in graphite: The role of dimensionality and lattice defects SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE graphite; graphene; Dirac fermions; low energy excitations; disorder; localized states ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BAND-STRUCTURE; GRAPHENE; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME; BEHAVIOR; CARBON; STATE AB In this paper, we present a high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the electronic properties of graphite. We found that the nature of the low energy excitations in graphite is particularly sensitive to interlayer coupling as well as lattice disorder. As a consequence of the interlayer coupling, we observed for the first time the splitting of the pi bands by approximate to 0.7 eV near the Brillouin zone corner K. At low binding energy, we observed signatures of massless Dirac fermions with linear dispersion (as in the case of graphene), coexisting with quasiparticles characterized by parabolic dispersion and finite effective mass. We also report the first ARPES signatures of electron-phonon interaction in graphite: a kink in the dispersion and a sudden increase in the scattering rate. Moreover, the lattice disorder strongly affects the low energy excitations, giving rise to new localized states near the Fermi level. These results provide new insights on the unusual nature of the electronic and transport properties of graphite. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Alanzara@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009 NR 43 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 321 IS 7 BP 1730 EP 1746 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.011 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 060SX UT WOS:000238823000015 ER PT J AU Jonasdottir, TJ Fisher, DR Borrebaek, J Bruland, OS Larsen, RH AF Jonasdottir, Thora J. Fisher, Darrell R. Borrebaek, Jorgen Bruland, Oyvind S. Larsen, Roy H. TI First in vivo evaluation of liposome-encapsulated Ra-223 as a potential alpha-particle-emitting cancer therapeutic agent SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alpha-emitting Ra-223; pegylated liposomes; in vivo evaluation ID PHARMACOKINETICS; DOXORUBICIN; RADIUM; MICE AB Background: Liposomes carrying chemotherapeutics have had some success in cancer treatment and may also be suitable carriers for therapeutic radionuclides. This study was designed to evaluate the biodistribution and to estimate the radiation doses of the alpha emitter Ra-223 loaded into pegylated liposomes in selected tissues. Materials and Methods: Ra-223 was encapsulated in pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by ionophore-mediated loading. The biodistribution of liposomal Ra-223 was compared to free cationic Ra-223 in Balb/C mice. Results: Liposomal Ra-223 circulated in the blood with an initial half-life in excess of 24 hours, which agreed well with that reported for PLD in rodents, while the blood half-life of cationic Ra-223 was considerably less than an hour. When liposomal Ra-223 was catabolized, the released Ra-223 was either excreted or taken up in the skeleton. This skeletal uptake increased up to 14 days after treatment, but did not reach the level seen with free Ra-223. Pre-treatment with non-radioactive PLD 4 days in advance lessened the liver uptake of liposomal Ra-223. Dose estimates showed that the spleen, followed by bone surfaces, received the highest absorbed doses. Conclusion: Liposomal Ra-223 was relatively stable in vivo and may have potential for radionuclide therapy and combination therapy with chemotherapeutic agents. C1 Algeta ASA, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Compan Anim Clin Sci, Small Anim Sect, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Grp Clin Med, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Radium Hosp, Dept Oncol, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. RP Larsen, RH (reprint author), Algeta ASA, POB 54 Kjelsas, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. EM roy.larsen@algeta.com NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4B BP 2841 EP 2848 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 096QJ UT WOS:000241391600009 PM 16886603 ER PT J AU Monto, AS McKimm-Breschkin, JL Macken, C Hampson, AW Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Webster, RG Aymard, M Hayden, FG Zambon, M AF Monto, AS McKimm-Breschkin, JL Macken, C Hampson, AW Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Webster, RG Aymard, M Hayden, FG Zambon, M TI Detection of influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors in global surveillance during the first 3 years of their use SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; REDUCED SENSITIVITY; AVIAN INFLUENZA; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR; CHILDREN; ZANAMIVIR; TRANSMISSION; H5N1; ANTIVIRALS AB Emergence of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) develops at a low level following drug treatment, and person-to-person transmission of resistant virus has not been recognized to date. The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) was established to follow susceptibility of isolates and occurrence of NAI resistance at a population level in various parts of the world. Isolates from the WHO influenza collaborating centers were screened for susceptibilities to oseltamivir and zanamivir by a chemilluminescent enzyme inhibition assay, and those considered potentially resistant were analyzed by sequence analysis of the neuraminidase genes. During the first 3 years of NAI use (1999 to 2002), 2,287 isolates were tested. Among them, eight (0.33%) viruses had a > 10-fold decrease in susceptibility to oseltamivir, one (0.22%) in 1999 to 2000, three (0.36%) in 2000 to 2001, and four (0.41%) in 2001 to 2002. Six had unique changes in the neuraminidase gene compared to neuraminidases of the same subtype in the influenza sequence database. Although only one of the mutations had previously been recognized in persons receiving NAIs, none were from patients who were known to have received the drugs. During the 3 years preceding NAI use, no resistant variants were detected among 1,054 viruses. Drug use was relatively stable during the period, except for an approximate 10-fold increase in oseltamivir use in Japan during the third year. The frequency of variants with decreased sensitivity to the NAIs did not increase significantly during this period, but continued surveillance is required, especially in regions with higher NAI use. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Influenza Branch, WHO, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Studies Ecol Influenza Anim & B, St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. RP Monto, AS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM asmonto@umich.edu RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117512723] NR 34 TC 242 Z9 254 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2395 EP 2402 DI 10.1128/AAC.01339-05 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 059GL UT WOS:000238721200016 PM 16801417 ER PT J AU Zhang, WW Culley, DE Hogan, M Vitiritti, L Brockman, FJ AF Zhang, Weiwen Culley, David E. Hogan, Mike Vitiritti, Luigi Brockman, Fred J. TI Oxidative stress and heat-shock responses in Desulfovibrio vulgaris by genome-wide transcriptomic analysis SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Desulfovibrio vulgaris; stress; transcriptomic analysis ID METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OXYGEN DETOXIFICATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM AB Sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desufovibrio vulgaris have developed a set of responses that allow them to survive in hostile environments. To obtain further knowledge of the protective mechanisms employed by D. vulgaris in response to oxidative stress and heat shock, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis to determine the cellular responses to both stimuli. The results showed that 130 genes were responsive to oxidative stress, while 427 genes were responsive to heat-shock. Functional analyses suggested that the genes regulated were involved in a variety of cellular functions. Amino acid biosynthetic pathways were induced by both oxidative stress and heat shock treatments, while fatty acid metabolism, purine and cofactor biosynthesis were induced by heat shock only. The rubrerythrin gene (rbr) was up-regulated in response to oxidative stress, suggesting an important role for this protein in the oxidative damage resistance response in D. vulgaris. In addition, thioredoxin reductase (trxB) was also responsive to oxidative stress, suggesting that the thiol-specific redox system might also be involved in oxidative protection in this organism. In contrast, the expression of rubredoxin oxidoreductase (rbo), superoxide dismutase (sodB) and catalase (katA) genes were not regulated in response to oxidative stress. Comparison of cellular responses to oxidative stress and heat-shock allowed the identification of 66 genes that showed a similar drastic response to both environmental perturbations, implying that these genes might be part of the general stress response (GSR) network in D. vulgaris. This hypothesis was further supported by the identification of a conserved motif upstream of these stress-responsive genes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NimbleGen Syst Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 63 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10482-006-9059-9 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 075ZV UT WOS:000239927700004 PM 16680520 ER PT J AU Chandler, DP Jarrell, AE Roden, ER Golova, J Chernov, B Schipma, MJ Peacock, AD Long, PE AF Chandler, Darrell P. Jarrell, Ann E. Roden, Eric R. Golova, Julia Chernov, Boris Schipma, Matthew J. Peacock, Aaron D. Long, Philip E. TI Suspension array analysis of 16S rRNA from fe- and SO42-reducing bacteria in uranium-contaminated sediments undergoing bioremediation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; CROSS-HYBRIDIZATION; DNA MICROARRAY; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; MILL TAILINGS; REDUCTION; GENOME; GROUNDWATER; SEQUENCE; NORMALIZATION AB A 16S rRNA-targeted tunable bead array was developed and used in a retrospective analysis of metal- and sulfate-reducing bacteria in contaminated subsurface sediments undergoing in situ U(VI) bioremediation. Total RNA was extracted from subsurface sediments and interrogated directly, without a PCR step. Bead array validation studies with total RNA derived from 24 isolates indicated that the behavior and response of the 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes could not be predicted based on the primary nucleic acid sequence. Likewise, signal intensity (absolute or normalized) could not be used to assess the abundance of one organism (or rRNA) relative to the abundance of another organism (or rRNA). Nevertheless, the microbial community structure and dynamics through time and space and as measured by the rRNA-targeted bead array were consistent with previous data acquired at the site, where indigenous sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria and near neighbors of Desulfotomaculum were the organisms that were most responsive to a change in injected acetate concentrations. Bead array data were best interpreted by analyzing the relative changes in the probe responses for spatially and temporally related samples and by considering only the response of one probe to itself in relation to a background (reference) environmental sample. By limiting the interpretation of the data in this manner and placing it in the context of supporting geochemical and microbiological analyses, we concluded that ecologically relevant and meaningful information can be derived from direct microarray analysis of rRNA in uncharacterized environmental samples, even with the current analytical uncertainty surrounding the behavior of individual probes on tunable bead arrays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202,A-249, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dchandler@anl.gov RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4672 EP 4687 DI 10.1128/AEM.02858-05 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000023 PM 16820459 ER PT J AU Williams, LE Detter, C Barry, K Lapidus, A Summers, AO AF Williams, Laura E. Detter, Chris Barry, Kerrie Lapidus, Alla Summers, Anne O. TI Facile recovery of individual high-molecular-weight, low-copy-number natural plasmids for genomic sequencing SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATERAL GENE-TRANSFER; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; POULTRY LITTER; BACTERIA; DNA; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; PURIFICATION; INNOVATION AB Sequencing of the large (> 50 kb), low-copy-number (< 5 per cell) plasmids that mediate horizontal gene transfer has been hindered by the difficulty and expense of isolating DNA from individual plasmids of this class. We report here that a kit method previously devised for purification of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) can be adapted for effective preparation of individual plasmids up to 220 kb from wild gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Individual plasmid DNA recovered from less than 10 ml of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium cultures was of sufficient quantity and quality for construction of high-coverage libraries, as shown by sequencing five native plasmids ranging in size from 30 kb to 94 kb. We also report recommendations for vector screening to optimize plasmid sequence assembly, preliminary annotation of novel plasmid genomes, and insights on mobile genetic element biology derived from these sequences. Adaptation of this BAC method for large plasmid isolation removes one major technical hurdle to expanding our knowledge of the natural plasmid gene pool. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Summers, AO (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 527 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM summers@uga.edu RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Summers, Anne/0000-0003-4258-9696 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4899 EP 4906 DI 10.1128/AEM.00354-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000050 PM 16820486 ER PT J AU Wu, LY Liu, X Schadt, CW Zhou, JZ AF Wu, Liyou Liu, Xueduan Schadt, Christopher W. Zhou, Jizhong TI Microarray-based analysis of subnanogram quantities of microbial community DNAs by using whole-community genome amplification SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; ARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES AB Microarray technology provides the opportunity to identify thousands of microbial genes or populations simultaneously, but low microbial biomass often prevents application of this technology to many natural microbial communities. We developed a whole-community genome amplification-assisted microarray detection approach based on multiple displacement amplification. The representativeness of amplification was evaluated using several types of microarrays and quantitative indexes. Representative detection of individual genes or genomes was obtained with 1 to 100 ng DNA from individual or mixed genomes, in equal or unequal abundance, and with 1 to 500 ng community DNAs from groundwater. Lower concentrations of DNA (as low as 10 fg) could be detected, but the lower template concentrations affected the representativeness of amplification. Robust quantitative detection was also observed by significant linear relationships between signal intensities and initial DNA concentrations ranging from (i) 0.04 to 125 ng (r(2) = 0.65 to 0.99) for DNA from pure cultures as detected by whole-genome open reading frame arrays, (ii) 0.1 to 1,000 ng (r(2) = 0.91) for genomic DNA using community genome arrays, and (iii) 0.01 to 250 ng (r(2) = 0.96 to 0.98) for community DNAs from ethanol-amended groundwater using 50-mer functional gene arrays. This method allowed us to investigate the oligotrophic microbial communities in groundwater contaminated with uranium and other metals. The results indicated that microorganisms containing genes involved in contaminant degradation and immobilization are present in these communities, that their spatial distribution is heterogeneous, and that microbial diversity is greatly reduced in the highly contaminated environment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cent S Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM zhou-aem@rccc.ou.edu RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448 NR 36 TC 178 Z9 191 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 4931 EP 4941 DI 10.1128/AEM.02738-05 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000054 PM 16820490 ER PT J AU DeSantis, TZ Hugenholtz, P Larsen, N Rojas, M Brodie, EL Keller, K Huber, T Dalevi, D Hu, P Andersen, GL AF DeSantis, T. Z. Hugenholtz, P. Larsen, N. Rojas, M. Brodie, E. L. Keller, K. Huber, T. Dalevi, D. Hu, P. Andersen, G. L. TI Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RDP-II; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MICROARRAY; SOFTWARE; DNA; PROGRAM; PROBES; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB A 16S rRNA gene database (http://greengenes.bl.gov) addresses limitations of public repositories by providing chimera screening, standard alignment, and taxonomic classification using multiple published taxonomies. It was found that there is incongruent taxonomic nomenclature among curators even at the phylum level. Putative chimeras were identified in 3% of environmental sequences and in 0.2% of records derived from isolates. Environmental sequences were classified into 100 phylum-level lineages in the Archaea and Bacteria. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbiol Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Danish Genome Inst, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Baylor Univ, Dept Bioinformat, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Biochem, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Math, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Huber, Thomas/A-5278-2008; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Hu, Ping/G-2384-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; OI Huber, Thomas/0000-0002-3680-8699; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 30 TC 2614 Z9 2674 U1 31 U2 280 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 5069 EP 5072 DI 10.1128/AEM.03006-05 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 062RA UT WOS:000238961000071 PM 16820507 ER PT J AU Lin, WX Yi, JD Graham, AL Liu, T Xia, CF Ingber, MS Leggoe, JW Abbott, JR AF Lin, WX Yi, JD Graham, AL Liu, T Xia, CF Ingber, MS Leggoe, JW Abbott, JR TI Boundary-element method simulation of the impact of bounding walls on the dynamics of a particle group freely moving in a wide-gap Couette flow SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE boundary-element method; particle migration; wide-gap Couette flow; bounding wall; inhomogeneous shear flow ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBER; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; SELF-DIFFUSION; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; MULTIPARTICLE SYSTEMS; SHEAR FIELD; SPHERES; SEDIMENTATION; DISPERSION AB In this study, the impact of the bounding walls on the dynamics of a group of neutrally-buoyant identical rigid spheres freely moving at negligible Reynolds numbers in a wide-gap Couette flow, which is important for understanding the particle migrations presented in concentrated suspensions subjected to inhomogeneous shear flows, is simulated by a three-dimensional boundary-element method (BEM) code. The results show that the particle interactions very close to the bounding walls cause the particle group to migrate away from the walls. As the distance of the bounding walls from the group increases, the migration changes direction and the group then move towards the walls. As this distance continues to increase, the migration of the group decreases and beyond a specific distance from the bounding walls the migration of the group is negligible. In addition, the BEM simulations show that the extent and rate of the migration of the group increase as the inter-particle distance decreases. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yunnan Normal Univ, Solar Energy Res Inst, Kunming 650092, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WMM, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Lin, WX (reprint author), Yunnan Normal Univ, Solar Energy Res Inst, Kunming 650092, Peoples R China. EM linwenxian@ynnu.edu.cn RI Lin, Wenxian/B-8514-2015 OI Lin, Wenxian/0000-0001-5264-2097 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2006 VL 83 IS 7 BP 669 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.07.002 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 052AN UT WOS:000238202900001 ER PT J AU Fister, KR Lenhart, S AF Fister, K. Renee Lenhart, Suzanne TI Optimal harvesting in an age-structured predator-prey model SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE optimal control; age-structure; predator-prey ID DEPENDENT POPULATION-DYNAMICS; OPTIMAL DAMPING CONTROL; SYSTEMS; PRINCIPLE AB We investigate optimal harvesting control in a predator-prey model in which the prey population is represented by a first-order partial differential equation with age-structure and the predator population is represented by an ordinary differential equation in time. The controls are the proportions of the populations to be harvested, and the objective functional represents the profit from harvesting. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal control pair are established. C1 Murray State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Murray, KY 42071 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fister, KR (reprint author), Murray State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Murray, KY 42071 USA. EM renee.fister@murraystate.edu; lenhart@math.utk.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-4616 J9 APPL MATH OPT JI Appl. Math. Optim. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s00245-005-0847-9 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 053OA UT WOS:000238313300001 ER PT J AU Shuford, KL Ratner, MA Gray, SK Schatz, GC AF Shuford, K. L. Ratner, M. A. Gray, S. K. Schatz, G. C. TI Finite-difference time-domain studies of light transmission through nanohole structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; METALLIC GRATINGS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; FILMS; APERTURES AB We present theoretical studies on the transmission of light through subwavelength, circular apertures surrounded by circular groove structures. Finite-difference time-domain equations in cylindrical coordinates are provided for both dispersive materials and electrical conductors. The nanohole systems are composed of a circular hole in a slab, that is encircled by sinusoidal grooves defined by a period and depth. Light transmission is found to be extremely sensitive to the hole size, groove period, and groove depth. We determine a set of groove parameters that optimize transmission. Enhancements in transmission by approximately a factor of four can be achieved for silver in the visible when compared to the light incident upon the hole. These results may find utility in the design of nanoscale light manipulating devices. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shuford, KL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM schatz@chem.northwestern.edu RI Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2218-x PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 060VC UT WOS:000238828700003 ER PT J AU Powell, J O'Neil, JP AF Powell, J O'Neil, JP TI Production of [O-15]water at low-energy proton cyclotrons SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE PET; O-15; O-14; medical cyclotron ID GAS-PRODUCTION; ACTIVATION; INJECTION; O-14 AB We report a simple system for producing [O-15]H2O from N-15 in a nitrogen/hydrogen gas target with recycling of the target nitrogen, allowing production on low-energy proton-only accelerators with minimal consumption of isotopically enriched N-15. The radiolabeled water is separated from the target gas and radiolytically produced ammonia by temporary freezing in a small trap at -40 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Neil, JP (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jponeil@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 64 IS 7 BP 755 EP 759 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.096 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 050SR UT WOS:000238109100002 PM 16617023 ER PT J AU Gallagher, NB Blake, TA Gassman, PL Shaver, JM Windig, W AF Gallagher, Neal B. Blake, Thomas A. Gassman, Paul L. Shaver, Jeremy M. Windig, Willem TI Multivariate curve resolution applied to infrared reflection measurements of soil contaminated with an organophosphorus analyte SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE multivariate curve resolution; MCR; dibutyl phosphate; soil reflection; league soil; Quincy soil ID LEAST-SQUARES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; GAS-PHASE; SPECTRA; AGENTS; ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; BAND AB Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) is a powerful technique for extracting chemical information from measured spectra of complex mixtures. A modified MCR technique that utilized both measured and second-derivative spectra to account for observed sample-to-sample variability attributable to changes in soil reflectivity was used to estimate the spectrum of dibutyl phosphate (DBP) adsorbed on two different soil types. This algorithm was applied directly to measurements of reflection spectra of soils coated with analyte without resorting to soil preparations such as grinding or dilution in potassium bromide. The results provided interpretable spectra that can be used to guide strategies for detection and classification of organic analytes adsorbed on soil. Comparisons to the neat DBP liquid spectrum showed that the recovered analyte spectra from both soils showed spectral features from methyl, methylene, hydroxyl, and P=O functional groups, but most conspicuous was the absence of the strong PO-(CH(2))(3)CH(3) stretch absorption at 1033 cm(-1). These results are consistent with those obtained previously using extended multiplicative scatter correction. C1 Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gallagher, NB (reprint author), Eigenvector Res Inc, POB 561, Manson, WA 98831 USA. EM nealg@eigenvector.com NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 7 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1366/000370206777887026 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 063UW UT WOS:000239046400001 PM 16854257 ER PT J AU Chaudhri, A Parang, M Nelson, BE AF Chaudhri, A Parang, M Nelson, BE TI Thermal modeling and analysis of a quasi-poloidal stellarator modular coil SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE stellarator; modular; FEMLAB; cooling; nitrogen; computational AB A computer model of the Racetrack coil of a quasi-poloidal stellarator is used to investigate thermal transient behavior when pulsed with high-ampere currents to generate magnetic field. The analysis was carried out to determine hotspots and collect temperature data in the process. The rate of cooling under natural convective boundary conditions is determined. Also fluid cooling using liquid nitrogen is investigated. The optimal design location of the cooling lines in the Racetrack is confirmed. Experiments have also been carried out to determine the property data for the copper-glass-epoxy composite conductor coil, which is used in the computational analysis. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parang, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM mparang@utk.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 974 EP 982 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.041 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 027QK UT WOS:000236430000002 ER PT J AU Holem, RR Hopkins, WA Talent, LG AF Holem, RR Hopkins, WA Talent, LG TI Effect of acute exposure to malathion and lead on sprint performance of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; BODY TEMPERATURES; RANA-CATESBEIANA; HEAVY-METALS; SPEED; BEHAVIOR AB There are few ecotoxicological studies involving reptiles, despite the fact that anthropogenic pollutants have been identified as a major threat to reptile populations worldwide. Particularly lacking are effects-based studies in reptiles exposed to known concentrations of contaminants. We hypothesized that acute exposure to neurotoxic metals and pesticides could influence locomotor performance of reptiles. To test this hypothesis, we exposed western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) to two common and widely studied neurotoxic contaminants, malathion and lead (Pb). Single doses were administered via oral gavage at order-of-magnitude levels ranging from 0.2 to 200 and 1.0 to 1,000 mg/kg (body weight basis) for malathion and Pb, respectively. Lizard sprint velocity was determined using a 2.3-m sprint track interfaced with a laptop computer 24 hrs prior to dosing and again at 4, 24, 120, and 312 hrs post-dose. Twenty percent and 30% mortality occurred at the highest malathion and Pb dose levels (200 and 1000 mg/kg) and 70% of the lizards exposed to 200 mg/kg malathion exhibited clinical symptoms of organophosphate poisoning. Contrary to our predictions, exposure to Pb had no effect on locomotor performance, and exposure to the highest concentration of malathion increased sprint velocity. Based on the fact that the lower and most ecologically relevant concentrations of Pb and malathion had no effect on sprint velocity, we suggest that other performance parameters that require fine locomotor skills (e.g., climbing ability) may be more sensitive metrics of acute neurotoxicity and warrant further study. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Holem, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM rholem@gmail.com NR 66 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0099-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 035DN UT WOS:000236980500014 PM 16465557 ER PT J AU Monzyk, BF Burckle, EC Carleton, LM Busch, J Dasse, KA Martin, PM Gilbert, RJ AF Monzyk, Bruce F. Burckle, Eric C. Carleton, Linda M. Busch, James Dasse, Kurt A. Martin, Peter M. Gilbert, Richard J. TI Photolytically driven generation of dissolved oxygen and increased oxyhemoglobin in whole blood SO ASAIO JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; ARTIFICIAL LUNG; MEMBRANE-OXYGENATOR; MANGANESE CLUSTER; TIO2 PARTICLES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; MODEL; PHOTOCATALYSIS; EXPERIENCE; EXCHANGE AB The severely debilitating nature of chronic lung disease has long provided the impetus for the development of technologies to supplement the respiratory capacity of the human lung. Although conventional artificial lung technologies function by delivering pressurized oxygen to the blood through a system of hollow fibers or tubes, our approach uses photolytic energy to generate dissolved oxygen (DO) from the water already present in blood, thus eliminating the need for gas delivery. We have previously demonstrated that it is feasible to generate dissolved oxygen from water based on UVA illumination of a highly absorbent TiO2, thin film. In the current study, we extend this work by using photolytic energy to generate DO from whole blood, thus resulting in an increase of oxyhemoglobin as a function of back side TiO2 surface film illumination. Initial experiments, performed with Locke's Ringer solution, demonstrated effective film thickness and material selection for the conductive layer. The application of a small bias voltage was used to conduct photogenerated electrons from the aqueous phase to minimize electron recombination with the DO. Mixed arterial-venous bovine blood was flowed in a recirculating loop over TiO2 nanocrystalline films illuminated on the side opposite the blood (or "back side") to eliminate the possibility of any direct exposure of blood to light. After light exposure of the TiO2 film, the fraction of oxyhemoglobin in the blood rapidly increased to near saturation and remained stable throughout the trial period. Last, we evaluated potential biofouling of the DO generating surface by scanning electron microscopy, after photolytically energized DO generation in whole blood, and observed no white or red blood cell surface deposition, nor the accumulation of any other material at this magnification. We conclude that it is feasible to photolytically oxygenate the hemoglobin contained in whole blood with oxygen derived from the blood's own water content without involving a gaseous phase. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Levitronix Med, Waltham, MA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gilbert, RJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1058-2916 J9 ASAIO J JI Asaio J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 456 EP 466 DI 10.1097/01.mat.0000219086.39192.9a PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA 066UN UT WOS:000239255700017 PM 16883128 ER PT J AU Roth, K Westphalen, D Brodrick, J AF Roth, Kurt Westphalen, Detlef Brodrick, James TI Ductless split systems SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC, Cambridge, MA USA. TIAX, Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 7 BP 115 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 065SD UT WOS:000239178700019 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Becker, RH White, RL Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Richards, GT Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M AF Fan, Xiaohui Strauss, Michael A. Becker, Robert H. White, Richard L. Gunn, James E. Knapp, Gillian R. Richards, Gordon T. Schneider, Donald P. Brinkmann, J. Fukugita, Masataka TI Constraining the evolution of the ionizing background and the epoch of reionization with z similar to 6 quasars. II. A sample of 19 quasars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; LY-ALPHA FOREST; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM TRANSMISSION; HIGHEST REDSHIFT QSOS; STAR-FORMATION RATE; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7 QUASARS AB We study the evolution of the ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at the end of the reionization epoch using moderate-resolution spectra of a sample of 19 quasars at 5.74 < z(em) < 6.42 discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Three methods are used to trace IGM properties: (1) the evolution of the Gunn-Peterson (GP) optical depth in the Ly alpha, Ly beta, and Ly gamma transitions; (2) the distribution of lengths of dark absorption gaps; and (3) the size of H (II) regions around luminous quasars. Using this large sample, we find that the evolution of the ionization state of the IGM accelerated at z > 5.7: the GP optical depth evolution changes from tau(eff)(GP) similar to (1 + z)(4.3) to (1 + z) greater than or similar to 11, and the average length of dark gaps with tau > 3.5 increases from < 10 to > 80 comoving Mpc. The dispersion of IGM properties along different lines of sight also increases rapidly, implying fluctuations by a factor of greater than or similar to 4 in the UV background at z > 6, when the mean free path of UV photons is comparable to the correlation length of the starforming galaxies that are thought to have caused reionization. The mean length of dark gaps shows the most dramatic increase at z similar to 6, as well as the largest line-of-sight variations. We suggest using dark gap statistics as a powerful probe of the ionization state of the IGM at yet higher redshift. The sizes of H (II) regions around luminous quasars decrease rapidly toward higher redshift, suggesting that the neutral fraction of the IGM has increased by a factor of greater than or similar to 10 from z = 5.7 to 6.4, consistent with the value derived from the GP optical depth. The mass-averaged neutral fraction is 1%-4% at z similar to 6.2 based on the GP optical depth and H (II) region size measurements. The observations suggest that z similar to 6 is the end of the overlapping stage of reionization and are inconsistent with a mostly neutral IGM at z similar to 6, as indicated by the finite length of the dark absorption gaps. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fan@as.arizona.edu RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 115 TC 614 Z9 614 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1086/504836 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063XR UT WOS:000239053700010 ER PT J AU Albuquerque, IFM Smoot, GF AF Albuquerque, Ivone F. M. Smoot, George F. TI GZK cutoff distortion due to the energy error distribution shape SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; ultra high energy; energy error distribution; GZK cutoff ID COSMIC-RAY SPECTRUM AB The development of an ultra high energy air shower has an intrinsic energy fluctuation due both to the first interaction point and to the cascade development. Here we show that for a given primary energy this fluctuation has a lognormal distribution and thus observations will estimate the primary energy with a lognormal error distribution. We analyze the UHECR energy spectrum convolved with the lognormal energy error and demonstrate that the shape of the error distribution will interfere significantly with the ability to observe features in the spectrum. If the standard deviation of the lognormal error distribution is equal or larger than 0.25, both the shape and the normalization of the measured energy spectra will be modified significantly. As a consequence, the GZK cutoff might be sufficiently smeared as not to be seen (without very high statistics). This result is independent of the power law of the cosmological flux. As a conclusion we show that in order to establish the presence or not of the GZK feature, not only more data are needed but also that the shape of the energy error distribution has to be known well. The high energy tail and the sigma of the approximate lognormal distribution of the error in estimating the energy must be at the minimum set by the physics of showers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Albuquerque, IFM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. EM IFAlbuquerque@lbl.gov; GFSmoot@lbl.gov RI Albuquerque, Ivone/H-4645-2012 OI Albuquerque, Ivone/0000-0001-7328-0136 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.03.010 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 063BQ UT WOS:000238991300004 ER PT J AU Holder, J Atkins, RW Badran, HM Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Chow, YCK Cogan, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Perez, ID Dowdall, C Dowkontt, P Duke, C Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gibbs, K Gillanders, G Glidewell, OJ Grube, J Gutierrez, KJ Gyuk, G Hall, J Hanna, D Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, SB Humensky, TB Imran, A Jung, I Kaaret, P Kenny, GE Kieda, D Kildea, J Knapp, J Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Linton, E Little, EK Maier, G Manseri, H Milovanovic, A Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ogden, PA Ong, RA Petry, D Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Roache, ET Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Sleege, G Steele, D Swordy, SP Syson, A Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Weekes, TC White, RJ Williams, DA Wagner, R AF Holder, J. Atkins, R. W. Badran, H. M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Byrum, K. L. Carter-Lewis, D. A. Celik, O. Chow, Y. C. K. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Perez, I. de la Calle Dowdall, C. Dowkontt, P. Duke, C. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. Glidewell, O. J. Grube, J. Gutierrez, K. J. Gyuk, G. Hall, J. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Jung, I. Kaaret, P. Kenny, G. E. Kieda, D. Kildea, J. Knapp, J. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Linton, E. Little, E. K. Maier, G. Manseri, H. Milovanovic, A. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ogden, P. A. Ong, R. A. Petry, D. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. T. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Sleege, G. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Syson, A. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wagner, R. TI The first VERITAS telescope SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray astronomy; Cherenkov telescopes ID TEV GAMMA-RAYS; ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPE; CRAB-NEBULA; IMAGING TECHNIQUE; SYSTEM; SPECTRUM; PROJECT AB The first atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of VERITAS (the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) has been in operation since February 2005. We present here a technical description of the instrument and a summary of its performance. The calibration methods are described, along with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the telescope and comparisons between real and simulated data. The analysis of TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, including the reconstructed energy spectrum, is shown to give results consistent with earlier measurements. The telescope is operating as expected and has met or exceeded all design specifications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tanta 31527, Egypt. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Van Allen Hall, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Holder, J (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM jh@ast.leeds.ac.uk RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 31 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.04.002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 063BQ UT WOS:000238991300006 ER PT J AU Irwin, J Shmakova, M AF Irwin, John Shmakova, Marina TI Observation of small-scale structure using sextupole lensing SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing ID DARK-MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; SHEAR MEASUREMENTS; WEAK; GALAXIES; SPACE; ANISOTROPY; FLEXION; HALOES; FIELDS AB Gravitational lensing by foreground halos with masses as small as 10(10) M(circle dot) can induce observable second-order shape distortions in background galaxy images in addition to the well-known elliptical shape distortion produced by first-order shear. Furthermore, the orientation of the second-order distortions is correlated with the orientation of the shear-induced elliptical (quadrupolar) shape. Because of its angular dependence, we refer to the most prominent second-order distortion as a sextupole distortion. The correlation between first-order and second-order shapes provides a sensitive signal by which to identify galaxies that may have been lensed. Galaxy images appear to be slightly curved by these lensing events. In this paper we develop a general theoretical lensing framework based on a lensing distortion map. Tools to infer map coefficients from the galaxy images are described and applied to the Hubble Deep Field-North. Instrumental PSFs, camera charge diffusion, and image composition methods are modeled in the coefficient determination process. Estimates of Poisson counting noise for each galaxy are used to cut galaxies with signals too small to reliably establish curvature. These noise estimates are confirmed using a Fisher matrix analysis. Background shape distortions may also be represented by maps. Curved galaxies are found to be spatially clumped, as might arise from sextupole lensing by overdensities in a foreground dark matter halo distribution. We calculate the cross section for sextupole lensing by Moore and NFW halos and estimate the total cross section of the field based on these halo cross sections. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM irwin@slac.stanford.edu; shmakova@slac.stanford.edu NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 17 EP 43 DI 10.1086/504100 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900002 ER PT J AU Razoumov, AO Norman, ML Prochaska, JX Wolfe, AM AF Razoumov, Alexei O. Norman, Michael L. Prochaska, Jason X. Wolfe, Arthur M. TI Adaptive mesh refinement simulations of the ionization structure and kinematics of damped Ly alpha systems with self-consistent radiative transfer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; methods : numerical; quasars : absorption lines; radiative transfer ID HIGH-REDSHIFT; REIONIZATION HISTORY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GALAXY FORMATION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; GAS; HYDRODYNAMICS; POLARIZATION; INTENSITY; ABSORBERS AB We use high-resolution Eulerian hydrodynamics simulations to study kinematic properties of the low-ionization species in damped Ly alpha systems at redshift z = 3. Our adaptive mesh refinement simulations include most key ingredients relevant for modeling neutral gas in high column density absorbers: hydrodynamics, gravitational collapse, continuum radiative transfer above the hydrogen Lyman limit, and gas chemistry, but no star formation. We model high-resolution Keck spectra with unsaturated low ion transitions in two Si II lines (1526 and 1808 angstrom) and compare simulated line profiles to the data from the SDSS DLA survey. We find that with increasing grid resolution the models show a trend in convergence toward the observed distribution of H I column densities. While in our highest resolution model we recover the cumulative number of DLAs per unit absorption distance, none of our models predicts DLA velocity widths as high as indicated by the data, suggesting that feedback from star formation might be important. At z = 3 a nonnegligible fraction of DLAs with column densities below 10(21) cm(-2) is caused by filamentary structures in more massive halo environments. Lower column density absorbers with N(HI) < 10(21.4) cm(-2) are sensitive to changes in the UV background, resulting in a 10% reduction of the cumulative number of DLAs for twice the quasar background relative to the fiducial value and nearly a 40% reduction for 4 times the quasar background. We find that the mass cutoff below which a large fraction of dwarf galaxies cannot retain gas after reionization is similar to 7 x 10(7) M(circle dot), lower than the previous estimates. Finally, we show that models with self-shielding commonly used in the literature produce significantly lower DLA velocity widths than the full radiative transfer runs, which essentially renders these self-shielded models obsolete. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Razoumov, AO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1086/504311 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900004 ER PT J AU Trudolyubov, S Priedhorsky, W Cordova, F AF Trudolyubov, Sergey Priedhorsky, William Cordova, France TI Bright X-ray transients in M31: 2004 July XMM-Newton observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : stars ID CENTRAL REGION; CHANDRA; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; EINSTEIN; CATALOG; CAMERA; GALAXY; BULGE; M-31 AB We present the results of X-ray observations of four bright transients sources detected in the 2004 July XMM-Newton observations of the central bulge of M31. Two X-ray sources, XMMU J004315.5+ 412440 and XMMU J004144.7+411110, were discovered for the first time. Two other sources, CXOM31 J004309.9+412332 and CXOM31 J004241.8+411635, were previously detected by Chandra. The properties of the sources suggest their identification with accreting binary systems in M31. The X-ray spectra and variability of two sources, XMMU J004144.7+411110 and CXOM31 J004241.8+411635, are similar to that of the Galactic black hole transients. The X-ray source XMMU J004315.5+412440 demonstrates a dramatic decline of the X-ray flux on a timescale of three days and a remarkable flaring behavior on a timescale of tens of minutes. The X-ray data on XMMU J004315.5+412440 and CXOM31 J004309.9+412332 suggest that they can be either black hole or neutron star systems. Combining the results of 2000-2004 XMM-Newton observations of M31, we estimate the total rate of the bright transient outbursts in the central region of M31 to be 6-12 yr(-1), in agreement with previous studies. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117810, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Trudolyubov, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1086/504072 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900022 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Perley, DA Pooley, D Prochaska, JX Bloom, JS Li, W Cobb, B Chen, HW Aldering, G Bailyn, C Blake, CH Falco, EE Green, PJ Kowalski, MP Perlmutter, S Roth, K Volk, K AF Foley, R. J. Perley, D. A. Pooley, D. Prochaska, J. X. Bloom, J. S. Li, W. Cobb, B. Chen, H. -W. Aldering, G. Bailyn, C. Blake, C. H. Falco, E. E. Green, P. J. Kowalski, M. P. Perlmutter, S. Roth, K. Volk, K. TI GRB 050408: A bright gamma-ray burst probing an atypical galactic environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; galaxies : photometry; gamma rays : bursts; stars : formation ID LY-ALPHA SYSTEMS; MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; MGII ABSORBERS; TELESCOPE; STAR; AFTERGLOW; GALAXIES; DENSITY; SPECTROMETER AB The bright GRB 050408 was localized by HETE-2 near local midnight in the Western Hemisphere, enabling an impressive ground-based follow-up effort, as well as space-based follow-up from Swift. The Swift data from the XRT and our own optical photometry and spectrum of the afterglow provide the cornerstone for our analysis. Under the traditional assumption that the visible wave band was above the peak synchrotron frequency and below the cooling frequency, the optical photometry of 0.03-5.03 days shows an afterglow decay corresponding to an electron energy index of plc 2: 05 +/- 0: 04, without a jet break as suggested by others. A break is seen in the X-ray data at early times (at similar to 12,600 s after the GRB). The spectral slope of the optical spectrum is consistent with p(lc) assuming a host galaxy extinction of A(V) 1: 18 mag. The optical-NIR broadband spectrum is also consistent with p = 2.05 but prefers A(V) 0: 57 mag. The X-ray afterglow shows a break at 1.26 x 10(4) s, which may be the result of a refreshed shock. This burst stands out in that the optical and X-ray data suggest a large H (I) column density of N-H (I) approximate to 10(22) cm(-2); it is very likely a damped Ly alpha system, so the faintness of the host galaxy (M-V > -18 mag) is noteworthy. Moreover, we detect extraordinarily strong Ti (II) absorption lines with a column density through the GRB host that exceeds the largest values observed for the Milky Way by 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the Ti (II) equivalent width is in the top 1% of Mg (II) absorption-selected QSOs. This suggests that the large-scale environment of GRB 050408 has significantly lower Ti depletion than our Galaxy and a large velocity width (delta(upsilon) > 150 km s(-1)). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfoley@astro.berkeley.edu; dperley@astro.berkeley.edu; dave@astro.berkeley.edu; xavier@ucolick.org; jbloom@astro.berkeley.edu; weidong@astro.berkeley.edu; cobb@astro.yale.edu; hchen@oddjob.uchicago.edu; galdering@lbl.gov; bailyn@astro.yale.edu; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; falco@cfa.harvard.edu; pgreen@head.cfa.harvard.edu; mpkowalski@lbl.gov; saul@lbl.gov; kroth@gemini.edu; kvolk@gemini.edu RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 450 EP 463 DI 10.1086/504313 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900037 ER PT J AU Baron, E Bongard, S Branch, D Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E. Bongard, Sebastien Branch, David Hauschildt, Peter H. TI Spectral modeling of SNe Ia near maximum light: Probing the characteristics of hydrodynamical models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; supernovae : individual (SN 1992A, SN 1994D, SN 1999ee) ID DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HIGH-VELOCITY EJECTA; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; SUPERNOVA 1994D; NGC 4526; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; DETONATION; LUMINOSITY; PHOTOMETRY; 1999EE AB We have performed detailed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) spectral synthesis modeling of two types of one-dimensional hydrodynamical models: the very highly parameterized deflagration model W7, and two delayed-detonation models. We find that, overall, both models do about equally well at fitting well-observed SNe Ia near maximum light. However, the Si II lambda 6150 feature of W7 is systematically too fast, whereas for the delayed-detonation models it is also somewhat too fast but significantly better than that of W7. We find that a parameterized mixed model does the best job of reproducing the Si II lambda 6150 line near maximum light, and we study the differences in the models that lead to better fits to normal SNe Ia. We discuss what is required of a hydrodynamical model to fit the spectra of observed SNe Ia near maximum light. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks,Room 100, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 65 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1086/504101 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900040 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Wang, LF Pain, R Zhou, X Li, ZW AF Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Lifan Pain, Reynald Zhou, Xu Li, Zongwei TI Determination of the hubble constant, the intrinsic scatter of luminosities of type Ia supernovae, and evidence for nonstandard dust in other galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cepheids; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; distance scale; dust, extinction; supernovae : general ID TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; BVRI LIGHT CURVES; PEAK BRIGHTNESS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CEPHEID CALIBRATION; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY; DECLINE-RATE AB A sample of 109 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with recession velocity less than or similar to 30,000 km s(-1) is compiled from published SN Ia light curves to explore the expansion rate of the local universe. Based on the color parameter Delta C-12 and the decline rate Delta m(15), we found that the average absorption-to-reddening ratios for SN Ia host galaxies are R-UBVI = 4.37 +/- 0.25, 3.33 +/- 0.11, 2.30 +/- 0.11, and 1.18 +/- 0.11, which are systematically lower than the standard values in the Galaxy. We investigated the correlations of the intrinsic luminosity with light-curve decline rate, color index, and SN environmental parameters. In particular, we found that SNe Ia in E/S0 galaxies close to the central region are brighter than those in the outer region, which may suggest a possible metallicity effect on SN luminosity. The dependence of SN luminosity on galactic environment disappears after corrections for the extinction and Delta C-12. The Hubble diagrams constructed using 73 Hubble flow SNe Ia yield a 1 sigma scatter of less than or similar to 0.12 mag in BVI bands and similar to 0.16 mag in U band. The luminosity difference between normal SNe Ia and peculiar objects (including SN 1991bg-like and SN 1991T-like events) has now been reduced to within 0.15 mag via Delta C-12 correction. We use the same precepts to correct the nearby SNe Ia with Cepheid distances and found that the fully corrected absolute magnitudes of SNe Ia are M-B = -19.33 +/- 0.06 and M-V = -19.27 +/- 0.05. We deduced a value for the Hubble constant of H-0 = 72 +/- 6 (total) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Tsing Hua Univ, THCA, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XF (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM wang_xf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn RI Wang, Xiaofeng/J-5390-2015 NR 106 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 488 EP 505 DI 10.1086/504312 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900041 ER PT J AU Birn, J Forbes, TG Hesse, M AF Birn, Joachim Forbes, Terry G. Hesse, Michael TI Stability and dynamic evolution of three-dimensional flux ropes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; sun : corona; sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC CONFIGURATIONS; DRIVEN EVOLUTION; KINK INSTABILITY; ENERGY BUILDUP; MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM; LOOP; RECONNECTION AB A crucial problem in the study of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares is the identification of initial configurations and boundary conditions that can produce an eruption of the field configuration. In this paper we use ( ideal) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the stability and dynamic evolution of two ( approximate) equilibrium configurations. The initial models investigated are derived within a general framework for the construction of series of suitable coronal states. They consist of twisted flux ropes, connected to the photosphere and anchored in the corona by an overlying arcade, embedded in a helmet streamer type configuration. The two models studied differ by the magnitude of the toroidal field and, correspondingly, the degree of twist and the amount of plasma pressure. The model with the least twist remains stable and settles into an equilibrium that differs only slightly from the initial state. In contrast, the more strongly twisted flux rope becomes unstable. Some portion of it breaks out in a kinklike fashion and moves rapidly outward, while another portion remains below. The evolved stage is characterized by the formation of a thin current sheet below an outward-moving rope. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov; terry.forbes@unh.edu; hesse@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 645 IS 1 BP 732 EP 741 DI 10.1086/504280 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 060WQ UT WOS:000238832900061 ER PT J AU Proctor, DD AF Proctor, D. D. TI Comparing pattern recognition feature sets for sorting triples in the first database SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; galaxies : general; methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; surveys; techniques : image processing ID AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION; GALAXY CLASSIFICATION; RADIO-SOURCES; SELECTION; SPECTRA; CATALOG; IMAGES; SKY AB Pattern recognition techniques have been used with increasing success for coping with the tremendous amounts of data being generated by automated surveys. Usually this process involves construction of training sets, the typical examples of data with known classifications. Given a feature set, along with the training set, statistical methods can be employed to generate a classifier. The classifier is then applied to process the remaining data. Feature set selection, however, is still an issue. This paper presents techniques developed for accommodating data for which a substantive portion of the training set cannot be classified unambiguously, a typical case for low-resolution data. Significance tests on the sort-ordered, sample-size-normalized vote distribution of an ensemble of decision trees is introduced as a method of evaluating relative quality of feature sets. The technique is applied to comparing feature sets for sorting a particular radio galaxy morphology, bent-doubles, from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters ( FIRST) database. Also examined are alternative functional forms for feature sets. Associated standard deviations provide the means to evaluate the effect of the number of folds, the number of classifiers per fold, and the sample size on the resulting classifications. The technique also may be applied to situations for which, although accurate classifications are available, the feature set is clearly inadequate, but is desired nonetheless to make the best of available information. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Proctor, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM proctor1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 165 IS 1 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1086/504801 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063TC UT WOS:000239041500004 ER PT J AU Lough, GC Schauer, JJ Lawson, DR AF Lough, G. C. Schauer, J. J. Lawson, D. R. TI Day-of-week trends in carbonaceous aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE organic; ambient; particulate matter; source apportionment; tracer compound ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MODEL EVALUATION DATA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ELEMENTAL CARBON; WEEK PATTERNS; GAS-PHASE; OZONE AB The chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter was measured at two sites near Los Angeles. California. over 3 weeks in July 2001, as part of the Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study. Samples were composited for organic speciation analysis by day of week at each site to investigate weekly trends in chemical composition of the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter. Observed weekly trends in elemental carbon (EC). hoparies, steranes. and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate increased impacts of motor vehicle traffic on carbonaccous particulate matter concentrations on weekdays relative to weekends. Ambient average EC was approximately 4 times higher in the Friday samples than in Sunday samples at each site. Levoglucosan. a tracer species for biomass burning. and cholesterol, monopalmitin, and monostearin, tracers for food cooking operations. were all highest on Friday and lowest on Sunday. Late-week increases in aliphatic and aromatic diacids present in the particulate phase were also observed. Diacids in particulate matter have been seen to be indicators of secondary organic aerosol formation. and the day-of-week trend observed may be due to weekday increases in volatile precursor species present in the atmosphere. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), 660 N Park St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjschauer@wisc.edu OI Lough, Glynis/0000-0002-9152-6520 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4137 EP 4149 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065BU UT WOS:000239135200010 ER PT J AU Gabriel, MC Williamson, DG Zhang, H Brooks, S Lindberg, S AF Gabriel, Mark C. Williamson, Derek G. Zhang, Hong Brooks, Steve Lindberg, Steve TI Diurnal and seasonal trends in total gaseous mercury flux from three urban ground surfaces SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE terrestrial surface; urban areas; mercury flux; seasonal; diurnal ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; EMISSION FLUXES; DRY DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; FOREST SOILS; VAPOR FLUXES; AMBIENT AIR AB Total gaseous mercury flux measurements were carried out over three urban ground surfaces for 1 year in Tuscaloosa, AL, USA. The objective was to provide insight into the characteristics of gaseous mercury flux from urban surface covers. Bare soil, grass, and pavement surfaces were sampled as the most representative terrestrial surfaces throughout Tuscaloosa. Measurements were quantified over diurnal and seasonal periods and relationships were developed between flux from each surface and major meteorological parameters. Averaging data over the entire year, fluxes from each surface were as follows: bare soil (6.48 ng/m(-2) h), pavement (0.02 ng/m(-2) h), and grass (0.28 ng/m(-2) h). Pavement and many grass fluxes were small and arguably indistinguishable from chamber blanks. The soil surface displayed the largest difference between evening and daytime flux, particularly during the spring and summer seasons (i.e., evening low (12 ng/m(-2) h) to daytime high (30 ng/m(-2) h) during summer). The grass surface showed the largest amount of atmospheric deposition, mainly during the spring and fall periods (up to -2.31 ng/m(-2) h), with pavement showing somewhat less (up to -1.05 ng/m(-2) h). Bare soil showed very little to negligible deposition. Diurnal flux variance was greater than seasonal flux variance for all surfaces. The regression results demonstrate that despite the highly dissimilar physical and geochemical make-up of pavement, bare soil, and grass, each surface displayed similar responses to time series change in meteorological parameters. However, each surface may be seasonally controlled or limited by different sets of meteorological parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gabriel, MC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gabri097@umn.edu RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 4269 EP 4284 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.004 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 067GO UT WOS:000239290100004 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Granvold, PW Hoats, AS McKone, TE Deakin, E Nazaroff, WW AF Marshall, Julian D. Granvold, Patrick W. Hoats, Abigail S. McKone, Thomas E. Deakin, Elizabeth Nazaroff, William W. TI Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE diesel particulate matter; environmental justice; exposure analysis; mobility; ozone; geographic information system (GIS) ID INDOOR PARTICULATE MATTER; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; BREATHING RATES; INTAKE FRACTION; EXPOSURE; OZONE; PENETRATION; HEALTH; ASSESSMENTS; INJUSTICE AB Reliable estimates of inhalation intake of air pollution and its distribution among a specified population are important for environmental epidemiology, health risk assessment, urban planning, and environmental policy. We computed distributional characteristics of the inhalation intake of five pollutants for a group of similar to 25,000 people (similar to 29,000 person-days) living in California's South Coast Air Basin. Our approach incorporates four main inputs: temporally resolved information about people's location (latitude and longitude), microenvironment, and activity level; temporally and spatially explicit model determinations of ambient concentrations; stochastically determined microenvironmental adjustment factors relating the exposure concentration to the ambient concentration; and, age-, gender-, and activity-specific breathing rates. Our study is restricted to pollutants of outdoor origin, i.e. it does not incorporate intake in a microenvironment from direct emissions into that microenvironment. Median estimated inhalation intake rates (mu g d(-1)) are 53 for benzene, 5.1 for 1,3-butadiene, 8.7 x 10(-4) for hexavalent chromium in fine particulate matter (Cr-PM2.5), 30 for diesel fine particulate matter (DPM2.5), and 68 for ozone. For the four primary pollutants studied, estimated median intake rates are higher for non-whites and for individuals in low-income households than for the population as a whole. For ozone, a secondary pollutant, the reverse is true. Accounting for microenvironmental adjustment factors, population mobility and temporal correlations between pollutant concentrations and breathing rates affects the estimated inhalation intake by 40% on average. The approach presented here could be extended to quantify the impact on intakes and intake distributions of proposed changes in emissions, air quality, and urban infrastructure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept City & Reg Planning, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Transportat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM julianm@interchange.ubc.ca RI Marshall, Julian/B-2998-2012; Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 48 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 23 BP 4381 EP 4392 DI 10.1016/j.atmosnev.2006.03.034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 067GO UT WOS:000239290100012 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Dumas, P AF Miller, Lisa M. Dumas, Paul TI Chemical imaging of biological tissue with synchrotron infrared light SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Review DE synchrotron; infrared; microspectroscopy; imaging; biology; biomedical ID IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; SCRAPIE-INFECTED CELLS; MOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; IR SPECTROSCOPY; EDGE RADIATION; PRION PROTEIN AB Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (FTIRM) and imaging (FTIRI) have become valuable techniques for examining the chemical makeup of biological materials by probing their vibrational motions on a microscopic scale. Synchrotron infrared (S-IR) light is an ideal source for FTIRM and FTIRI due to the combination of its high brightness (i.e., flux density), also called brilliance, and broadband nature. Through a 10-mu m pinhole, the brightness of a synchrotron source is 100-1000 times higher than a conventional thermal (globar) source. Accordingly, the improvement in spatial resolution and in spectral quality to the diffraction limit has led to a plethora of applications that is just being realized. In this review, we describe the development of synchrotron-based FTIRM, illustrate its advantages in many applications to biological systems, and propose some potential future directions for the technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SOLEIL Synchrotron, Orme Merisiers, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Bldg 725 D,75, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM66873] NR 84 TC 198 Z9 200 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 1758 IS 7 BP 846 EP 857 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.04.010 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 084ZE UT WOS:000240572100004 PM 16781664 ER PT J AU Kretlow, A Wang, Q Kneipp, J Lasch, P Beekes, M Miller, L Naumann, D AF Kretlow, Ariane Wang, Qi Kneipp, Janina Lasch, Peter Beekes, Michael Miller, Lisa Naumann, Dieter TI FTIR-microspectroscopy of prion-infected nervous tissue SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Review DE scrapie; PrPSc; PrPC; synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy; dorsal root ganglia; chemical mapping ID IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IR MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SCRAPIE AGENT; BRAIN-TISSUE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; BINDING-SITES; HAMSTER BRAIN AB The family of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), also termed prion diseases, is a group of fatal, neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of a misfolded protein, the disease-associated prion protein PrPSc. This glycoprotein differs in secondary structure from its normal, cellular isoform PrPC, which is physiologically expressed mostly by neurons. Scrapie is a prion disease first described in the 18th century in sheep and goats, and has been established as a model in rodents to study the pathogenesis and pathology of prion diseases. Assuming a multitude of molecular parameters change in the tissue in the course of the disease, FTIR microspectroscopy has been proposed as a valuable new method to study and identify prion-affected tissues due to its ability to detect a variety of changes in molecular structure and composition simultaneously. This paper reviews and discusses results from previous FTIR microspectroscopic studies on nervous tissue of scrapie-infected hamsters in the context of histological and molecular alterations known from conventional pathogenesis studies. In particular, data from studies reporting on disease-specific changes of protein structure characteristics, and also results of a recent study on hamster dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are discussed. These data include an illustration on how the application of a brilliant IR synchrotron light source enables the in situ investigation of localized changes in protein structure and composition in nervous cells or tissue due to PrPSc deposition, and a demonstration on how the IR spectral information can be correlated with results of complementary studies using immunohistochemistry and x-ray fluorescence techniques. Using IR microspectroscopy, some neurons exhibited a high accumulation of disease-associated prion protein evidenced by an increased amount of beta-sheet at narrow regions in or around the infected nervous cells. However, not all neurons from terminally diseased hamsters showed PrPSc deposition. Generally, the average spectral differences between all control and diseased DRG spectra are small but consistent as demonstrated by independent experiments. Along with studies on the purified misfolded prion protein, these data suggest that synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy is capable of detecting the misfolded prion protein in situ without the necessity of immunostaining or purification procedures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Robert Koch Inst, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY USA. Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Naumann, D (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, P25,Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM KretlowA@rki.de; NaumannD@rki.de RI Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; OI Beekes, Michael/0000-0002-6454-6657; Lasch, Peter/0000-0001-6193-3144 NR 64 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 1758 IS 7 BP 948 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.05.026 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 084ZE UT WOS:000240572100016 PM 16887095 ER PT J AU Ding, YHR Hixson, KK Giometti, CS Stanley, A Esteve-Nunez, A Khare, T Tollaksen, SL Zhu, WH Adkins, JN Lipton, MS Smith, RD Mester, T Lovley, DR AF Ding, Yan-Huai R. Hixson, Kim K. Giometti, Carol S. Stanley, Ann Esteve-Nunez, Abraham Khare, Tripti Tollaksen, Sandra L. Zhu, Wenhong Adkins, Joshua N. Lipton, Mary S. Smith, Richard D. Mester, Tunde Lovley, Derek R. TI The proteome of dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganism Geobacter sulfurreducens under various growth conditions SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE proteome; geobacter; Fe(III) reduction; cytochrome; anaerobic bacterium ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FE(III) REDUCTION; MN(IV) REDUCTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SEDIMENTS; RESPIRATION; IRON AB The proteome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a model for the Geobacter species that predominate in many Fe(III)-reducing subsurface environments, was characterized with ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry using accurate mass and time (AMT) tags as well as with more traditional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). Cells were grown under six different growth conditions in order to enhance the potential that a wide range of genes would be expressed. The AMT tag approach was able to identify a much greater number of proteins than could be detected with the 2-D PAGE approach. With the AMT approach over 3,000 gene products were identified, representing about 90% of the total predicted gene products in the genome. A high proportion of predicted proteins in most protein role categories were detected; the highest number of proteins was identified in the hypothetical protein role category. Furthermore, 91 c-type cyrochromes of 111 predicted genes in the G. sulfurreducens genome were identified. Differences in the abundance of cytochromes and other proteins under different growth conditions provided information for future functional analysis of these proteins. These results demonstrate that a high percentage of the predicted proteins in the G. sulfurreducens genome are produced and that the AMT tag approach provides a rapid method for comparing differential expression of proteins under different growth conditions in this organism. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99353 USA. RP Mester, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, 203 Morrill Sci IVN, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tmester@microbio.umass.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 NR 42 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 1764 IS 7 BP 1198 EP 1206 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.04.017 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 076TL UT WOS:000239980500006 PM 16797259 ER PT J AU Bird, JA Torn, MS AF Bird, Jeffrey A. Torn, Margaret S. TI Fine roots vs. Needles: A comparison of C-13 and N-15 dynamics in a ponderosa pine forest soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C-13; N-15; fine roots; litter decomposition; Mediterranean climate; N immobilization; ponderosa pine; soil C sequestration; soil microbial community composition ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; EXTRACTION METHOD; TEMPERATE FOREST; CARBON DYNAMICS AB Plant allocation patterns may affect soil C and N storage due to differences in litter quality and the depth of plant C and N inputs into the soil. We studied the dynamics of dual-labeled (C-13/N-15) Pinus ponderosa needles and fine roots placed at two soil depths (O and A horizon) in a temperate conifer forest soil during 2 y. Input of C as fine roots resulted in much more C retained in soil (70.5 +/- 2.2% of applied) compared with needle C (42.9 +/- 1.3% of applied) after 1.5 y. Needles showed faster mass loss, rates of soil (CO2)-C-13 efflux, and more N-15 immobilized into microbial biomass than did fine roots. The larger proportion of labile C compounds initially present in needles (17% more needle C was water soluble than in fine roots) likely contributed to its shorter C residence time and greater degree of transformation in the soil. A double exponential decay function best described the rate of C-13 loss, with a smaller initial pulse of C loss from fine roots (S(1)k(1)) and a slower decay rate of the recalcitrant C pool for fine roots (0.03 y(-1) stop) compared with (0.19 y(-1)) for needles. Soil C-13 respiration, representing heterotrophic respiration of litter C, was much more seasonal from the O horizon than from the A. However, offsetting seasonal patterns in C-13 dynamics in the O horizon resulted in no net effect of soil depth on total C-13 retention in the soil after 1.5 y for either litter. Almost 90% of applied litter N was retained in the soil after 1.5 y, independent of litter quality or soil depth. Very small amounts of C-13 or N-15 (< 3% of applied) moved to the horizon above or below the placement depth (i.e., O to A or A to O). Our results suggest that plant allocation belowground to fine roots results in more C retained and less N mineralized compared with allocation aboveground to needles, primarily due to litter quality differences. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bird, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 3060 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jabird@nature.berkeley.edu RI Bird, Jeffrey/H-8751-2012; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Bird, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0939-0637; NR 59 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 361 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-5632-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 063LX UT WOS:000239020800005 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wu, G Brockman, FJ Zhang, WW AF Nie, Lei Wu, Gang Brockman, Fred J. Zhang, Weiwen TI Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data of Desulfovibrio vulgaris: zero-inflated Poisson regression models to predict abundance of undetected proteins SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENOMIC SCALE; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES AB Motivation: Integrated analysis of global scale transcriptomic and proteomic data can provide important insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying complex biological systems. However, because the relationship between protein abundance and mRNA expression level is complicated by many cellular and physical processes, sophisticated statistical models need to be developed to capture their relationship. Results: In this study, we describe a novel data-driven statistical model to integrate whole-genome microarray and proteomic data collected from Desulfovibrio vulgaris grown under three different conditions. Based on the Poisson distribution pattern of proteomic data and the fact that a large number of proteins were undetected (excess zeros), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP)-based models were proposed to define the correlation pattern between mRNA and protein abundance. In addition, by assuming that there is a probability mass at zero representing unexpressed genes and expressed proteins that were undetected owing to technical limitations, a Potential ZIP model was established. Two significant improvements introduced by this approach are (1) the predicted protein abundance level values for experimentally detected proteins are corrected by considering their mRNA levels and (2) protein abundance values can be predicted for undetected proteins (in the case of this study, similar to 83% of the proteins in the D.vulgaris genome) for better biological interpretation. We demonstrated the use of these statistical models by comparatively analyzing proteomic and microarray results from D.vulgaris grown on lactate-based versus formate-based media. These models correctly predicted increased expression of Ech hydrogenase and decreased expression of Coo hydrogenase for D.vulgaris grown on formate. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Biomath, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Sci Biol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 31 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1641 EP 1647 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl134 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 061XA UT WOS:000238905700014 PM 16675466 ER PT J AU Markowitz, VM Ivanova, N Palaniappan, K Szeto, E Korzeniewski, F Lykidis, A Anderson, I Mavrommatis, K Kunin, V Martin, HG Dubchak, I Hugenholtz, P Kyrpides, NC AF Markowitz, Victor M. Ivanova, Natalia Palaniappan, Krishna Szeto, Ernest Korzeniewski, Frank Lykidis, Athanasios Anderson, Iain Mavrommatis, Konstantinos Kunin, Victor Martin, Hector Garcia Dubchak, Inna Hugenholtz, Phil Kyrpides, Nikos C. TI An experimental metagenome data management and analysis system SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology CY AUG 06-10, 2006 CL Fortaleza, BRAZIL ID PROTEIN FAMILIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SEQUENCE DATABASE; GENOMES; SEA AB The application of shotgun sequencing to environmental samples has revealed a new universe of microbial community genomes (metagenomes) involving previously uncultured organisms. Metagenome analysis, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the gene functions and metabolic capacity for microbial communities, needs to be conducted in the context of a comprehensive data management and analysis system. We present in this paper IMG/M, an experimental metagenome data management and analysis system that is based on the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system. IMG/M provides tools and viewers for analyzing both metagenomes and isolate genomes individually or in a comparative context. IMG/M is available at http://img.jgi.doe.gov/m. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biostat Data Management & Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markowitz, VM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biostat Data Management & Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vmmarkowitz@lbl.gov RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 26 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 14 BP E359 EP E367 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl217 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 218GW UT WOS:000250005000044 PM 16873494 ER PT J AU Mani, S Tabil, LG Sokhansanj, S AF Mani, Sudhagar Tabil, Lope G. Sokhansanj, Shahab TI Effects of compressive force, particle size and moisture content on mechanical properties of biomass pellets from grasses SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE wheat straw; barley straw; corn stover; switchgrass; physical properties; pellet density and asymptotic modulus ID PHYSICAL QUALITY; ANIMAL FEED; POWDERS; PERFORMANCE; RELAXATION AB Mechanical properties of wheat straw, barley straw, corn stover and switchgrass were determined at different compressive forces, particle sizes and moisture contents. Ground biomass samples were compressed with five levels of compressive forces (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 4400 N) and three levels of particle sizes (3.2, 1.6 and 0.8 mm) at two levels of moisture contents (12% and 15% (wet basis)) to establish compression and relaxation data. Compressed sample dimensions and mass were measured to calculate pellet density. Corn stover produced the highest pellet density at low pressure during compression. Compressive force, particle size and moisture content significantly affected the pellet density of barley straw, corn stover and switchgrass. However, different particle sizes of wheat straw did not produce any significant difference on pellet density. The relaxation data were analyzed to determine the asymptotic modulus of biomass pellets. Barley straw had the highest asymptotic modulus among all biomass indicating that pellets made from barley straw were more rigid than those of other pellets. Asymptotic modulus increased linearly with an increase in compressive pressure. A simple linear model was developed to relate asymptotic modulus and maximum compressive pressure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Agr & Bioresource Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mani, S (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2630 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM msudhagar@chml.ubc.ca RI Mani, Sudhagar/A-4315-2010 NR 28 TC 207 Z9 228 U1 8 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 30 IS 7 BP 648 EP 654 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.01.004 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 064EB UT WOS:000239070900004 ER PT J AU Nyakatawa, EZ Mays, DA Tolbert, VR Green, TH Bingham, L AF Nyakatawa, E. Z. Mays, D. A. Tolbert, V. R. Green, T. H. Bingham, L. TI Runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses from agricultural land converted to sweetgum and switchgrass bioenergy feedstock production in north Alabama SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE corn; cover crops; fertilizer; no-till; soil erosion ID TILLAGE; NITRATE; SOIL; PLAINS; SYSTEM; COTTON AB Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil sediment and nutrient losses in runoff water from bioenergy crops need to be evaluated in order to determine the sustainability and overall feasibility of implementing bioenergy development strategies. This paper discusses runoff, sediment, N, and total P losses from agricultural land (continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)) converted to short-rotation sweetgum (Liquidamber styraciflua L.) plantations with and without fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) bioenergy crops, compared to corn (Zea mays L.), on a Decatur silt loam soil in north Alabama, from 1995 to 1999. Runoff volume was significantly correlated to total rainfall and sediment yield in each year, but treatment differences were not significant. Sweetgum plots produced the highest mean sediment yield of up to 800 kg ha(-1) compared to corn and switchgrass plots, which averaged less than 200 kg ha(-1). Runoff NH4+ N losses averaged over treatments and years for spring season (3.1 kg ha(-1)) were three to five times those for summer, fall, and winter seasons. Runoff NO3- N for no-till corn and switchgrass plots in spring and summer were five to ten times that for sweetgum plots. No-till corn and switchgrass treatments had 2.4 and 2.1 kg ha(-1) average runoff total P, respectively, which were two to three times that for sweetgum treatments. Growing sweetgum with a fescue cover crop provides significantly lower risk of water pollution from sediment, runoff NH4+ N, and NO3- N. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bionergy Feedstock Dev Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Nyakatawa, EZ (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ermson.nyakatawa@email.aamu.edu NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 30 IS 7 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.01.008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 064EB UT WOS:000239070900005 ER PT J AU Izu, LT Means, SA Shadid, JN Chen-Izu, Y Balke, CW AF Izu, LT Means, SA Shadid, JN Chen-Izu, Y Balke, CW TI Interplay of ryanodine receptor distribution and calcium dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; RATIOMETRIC CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; RETICULUM CA2+ CONTENT; CAT ATRIAL MYOCYTES; CARDIAC TROPONIN-T; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; ACTION-POTENTIALS; HEART-FAILURE; PURKINJE-CELLS AB Spontaneously generated calcium (Ca2+) waves can trigger arrhythmias in ventricular and atrial myocytes. Yet, Ca2+ waves also serve the physiological function of mediating global Ca2+ increase and muscle contraction in atrial myocytes. We examine the factors that influence Ca2+ wave initiation by mathematical modeling and large-scale computational (supercomputer) simulations. An important finding is the existence of a strong coupling between the ryanodine receptor distribution and Ca2+ dynamics. Even modest changes in the ryanodine receptor spacing profoundly affect the probability of Ca2+ wave initiation. As a consequence of this finding, we suggest that there is information flow from the contractile system to the Ca2+ control system and this dynamical interplay could contribute to the increased incidence of arrhythmias during heart failure. C1 Univ Kentucky, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Izu, LT (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Biol & Biomed Sci Res Bldg,Rm B257,741 S Limeston, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM leightonizu@uky.edu RI Izu, Leighton/C-4066-2015 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K25 HL068704, K25HL068704, R01 HL068733, R01 HL071865, R01HL071865, R01HL50435-05, R01HL68733] NR 78 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.077214 PG 18 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 053EN UT WOS:000238288200012 PM 16603499 ER PT J AU Ege, C Ratajczak, MK Majewski, J Kjaer, K Lee, KYC AF Ege, C Ratajczak, MK Majewski, J Kjaer, K Lee, KYC TI Evidence for lipid/cholesterol ordering in model lipid membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; CONDENSED COMPLEXES; MONOLAYER MIXTURES; CHOLESTEROL; STOICHIOMETRY; BILAYERS AB It has been postulated that for a binary mixture of phospholipid and cholesterol, phospholipid/cholesterol complexes are formed. Using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, we have obtained evidence for lipid/cholesterol ordering in model membranes. Scattering features consistent with the existence of lipid/cholesterol complexes persist to high surface pressures even though fluorescence microscopy suggests a homogeneously fluid phase. Contrary to pure phospholipid and cholesterol systems, the resulting lattice spacing, integrated scattering intensity, and coherence lengths of these complexes are almost independent of surface pressure. Furthermore, the single peak observed in these mixed systems is very broad, suggesting that the extent of order for a single scattering structure only persists over a few molecules. This observation is consistent with these complexes being dynamic structures. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Lee, KYC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kayeelee@uchicago.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ratajczak, Mariusz Zdzislaw/N-1599-2014 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP L1 EP L3 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.085134 PG 3 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 053EN UT WOS:000238288200001 PM 16679372 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Krstic, PS Zikic, R Wells, JC Fuentes-Cabrera, M AF Zhang, XG Krstic, PS Zikic, R Wells, JC Fuentes-Cabrera, M TI First-principles transversal DNA conductance deconstructed SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULES; TRANSPORT AB First-principles calculation of the transverse conductance across DNA fragments placed between gold nanoelectrodes reveals that such conductance describes electron tunneling that depends critically on geometrical rather than electronic-structure properties. By factoring the first-principles result into two simple and approximately independent tunneling factors, we show that the conductances of the A, C, G, and T fragments differ only because of their sizes: the larger is the DNA base, the smaller its distance to the electrode, and the larger its conductance. Because the geometrical factors are difficult to control in an experiment, the direct-current measurements across DNA with gold contact electrodes may not be a convenient approach to DNA sequencing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xgz@ornl.gov RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R21 HG003578, R21 HG003578-01] NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP L4 EP L6 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.085548 PG 3 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 053EN UT WOS:000238288200002 PM 16679371 ER PT J AU McNeal, JR Leebens-Mack, JH Arumuganathan, K Kuehl, J Boore, JL dePamphilis, CW AF McNeal, Joel R. Leebens-Mack, James H. Arumuganathan, Kathiravetpillai Kuehl, JenniferV Boore, Jeffrey L. dePamphilis, Claude W. TI Using partial genomic fosmid libraries for sequencing complete organellar genomes SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST GENOME; DNA; PLANT; ARABIDOPSIS; NUCLEUS; TOBACCO AB Organellar genome sequences provide numerous phylogenetic markers and yield insight into organellar function and molecular evolution. These genomes are much smaller in size than their nuclear counterparts; thus, their complete sequencing is much less expensive than total nuclear genome sequencing, making broader phylogenetic sampling feasible. However for some organisms, it is challenging to isolate plastid DNA for sequencing using standard methods. To overcome these difficulties, we constructed partial genomic libraries from total DNA preparations of two heterotrophic and two autotrophic angiosperm species using fosmid vectors. We then used macroarray screening to isolate clones containing large fragments of plastid DNA. A minimum tiling path of clones comprising the entire genome sequence of each plastid was selected, and these clones were shotgun-sequenced and assembled into complete genomes. Although this method worked well for both heterotrophic and autotrophic plants, nuclear genome size had a dramatic effect on the proportion of screened clones containing plastid DNA and, consequently, the overall number of clones that must be screened to ensure full plastid genome coverage. This technique makes it possible to determine complete plastid genome sequences for organisms that defy other available organellar genome sequencing methods, especially those for which limited amounts of tissue arc available. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Benaroya Res Inst Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA USA. US DOE, Joint Gen Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McNeal, JR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jmcneal@oeb.harvard.edu RI dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.2144/000112202 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 062DW UT WOS:000238925800019 PM 16869516 ER PT J AU Masiello, LM Fotos, JS Galileo, DS Karin, NJ AF Masiello, LM Fotos, JS Galileo, DS Karin, NJ TI Lysophosphatidic acid induces chemotaxis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells SO BONE LA English DT Article DE lysophosphatidic acid; osteoblast; motility; receptor; calcium ID SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE; LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID RECEPTORS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; G(I) PROTEINS; CANCER CELLS; EDG-FAMILY; MOTILITY; KINASE; SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE; ACTIVATION AB Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that has pleiotropic effects on a variety of cell types and enhances the migration of endothelial and cancer cells, but it is not known if this lipid can alter osteoblast motility. We performed transwell migration assays using MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and found LPA to be a potent chemotactic agent. Quantitative time-lapse video analysis of osteoblast migration after wounds were introduced into cell monolayers indicated that LPA stimulated both migration velocity and the average migration distance per cell. LPA also elicited substantial changes in cell shape and actin cytoskeletal structure; lipid-treated cells contained fewer stress fibers and displayed long membrane processes that were enriched in F-actin. Quantitative RTPCR analysis showed that MC3T3-E1 cells express all four known LPA-specific G-protein-coupled receptors (LPA(1)-LPA(4)) with a relative mRNA abundance of LPA(1) > LPA(4) > LPA(2) >> LPA(3). LPA-induced changes in osteoblast motility and morphology were antagonized by both pertussis toxin and Ki16425, a subtype-specific blocker of LPA(1) and LPA(3) receptor function. Cell migration in many cell types is linked to changes in intracellular Ca2+. Ki16425 also inhibited LPA-induced Ca2+ signaling in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a link between LPA-induced Ca2+ transients and osteoblast chemotaxis. Our data show that LPA stimulates MC3T3-E1 osteoblast motility via a mechanism that is linked primarily to the G-protein-coupled receptor LPA(1). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Karin, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, POB 999,MS P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Norman.Karin@pnl.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R03 HD-042066]; NINDS NIH HHS [R21 NS-040317] NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUL PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.013 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 055DD UT WOS:000238429300008 PM 16487757 ER PT J AU De Boer, RJ Ganusov, VV Milutinovic, D Hodgkin, PD Perelson, AS AF De Boer, Rob J. Ganusov, Vitaly V. Milutinovic, Dejan Hodgkin, Philip D. Perelson, Alan S. TI Estimating lymphocyte division and death rates from CFSE data SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell division rate; cell death rate; CFSE; lymphocyte dynamics; IL-2 ID T-CELL; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; NAIVE; CYCLE; PROLIFERATION; STIMULATION; POPULATION; GENERATION; TURNOVER AB The division tracking dye, carboxyfluorescin diacetate succinimidyl ester, (CFSE) is currently the most informative labeling technique for characterizing the division history of cells in the immune system. Gett and Hodgkin [Nat. Immunol. 1:239-244, 2000] have pioneered the quantitative analysis of CFSE data. We confirm and extend their data analysis approach using simple mathematical models. We employ the extended Gett and Hodgkin [Nat. Immunol. 1:239-244, 2000] method to estimate the time to first division, the fraction of cells recruited into division, the cell cycle time, and the average death rate from CFSE data on T cells stimulated under different concentrations of IL-2. The same data is also fitted with a simple mathematical model that we derived by reformulating the numerical model of Deenick et al. [J. Immunol. 170:4963-4972, 2003]. By a non-linear fitting procedure we estimate parameter values and confidence intervals to identify the I parameters that are influenced by the IL-2 concentration. We obtain a significantly better fit to the data when we assume that the T cell death rate depends on the number of divisions cells have completed. We provide an outlook on future work that involves extending file Deenick et al. [J. Immunol. 170:49634972, 2003] model into the classical Smith-Martin model, and into a model with arbitrary probability distributions for death and division through subsequent divisions. C1 Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP De Boer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.j.deboer@bio.uu.nl RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011; OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X; Ganusov, Vitaly/0000-0001-6572-1691 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 22 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s11538-006-9094-8 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 066LB UT WOS:000239229900004 PM 16832737 ER PT J AU He, XY Coombs, D Myszka, DG Goldstein, B AF He, Xiaoyi Coombs, Daniel Myszka, David G. Goldstein, Byron TI A theoretical and experimental study of competition between solution and surface receptors for ligand in a Biacore flow cell SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface plasmon resonance; reaction-diffusion-advection problem; diffusion-limited reaction; lac repressor; mathematical modeling ID PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; EFFECTIVE RATE MODELS; RATE CONSTANTS; SOLUBLE RECEPTORS; LACTOSE REPRESSOR; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; MASS-TRANSPORT; OPERATOR DNAS; BINDING; DISSOCIATION AB Rate constants that characterize the kinetics of binding and dissociation between biomolecules carry fundamental information about the biological processes these molecules are involved in. An instrument that is widely used to determine these rate constants is the Biacore. In a Biacore experiment, one of the reactants, which we will call the receptor, is immobilized oil a sensor chip. During the binding phase of the experiment the other reactant flows past the chip. After binding, buffer alone is introduced into the flow cell and dissociation is monitored. Often surface-based binding assays are influenced by the transport of the reactant in solution, complicating the determination of the chemical rate constants from the observed binding kinetics. We propose a new way to determine the dissociation rate constant by adding soluble receptor during dissociation. The method is tested first on simulated data and then on Biacore experiments where the lac repressor protein binds and dissociates from a stretch of double stranded DNA containing the lac repressor binding site. With this method we find a dissociation rate constant k(d) = 0.075 +/- 0.005 s(-1), a value that is faster than previously obtained from Biacore experiments. In developing our method to analyze these experiments we obtain an expression for the transport limited rate constant for a Biacore experiment when soluble receptor is present during dissociation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Ctr Biomol Interact Anal, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Computat Modeling Ctr, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bxg@t10.lanl.gov OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM35556] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1125 EP 1150 DI 10.1007/s11538-006-9093-9 PG 26 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 066LB UT WOS:000239229900011 PM 16804651 ER PT J AU Freda, C Gaeta, M Karner, DB Marra, F Renne, PR Taddeucci, J Scarlato, P Christensen, JN Dallai, L AF Freda, Carmela Gaeta, Mario Karner, Daniel B. Marra, Fabrizio Renne, Paul R. Taddeucci, Jacopo Scarlato, Piergiorgio Christensen, John N. Dallai, Luigi TI Eruptive history and petrologic evolution of the Albano multiple maar (Alban Hills, Central Italy) (vol 69, pg 115, 2006) SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Geol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, Ist Geol Ambientale & Geoingn, I-00138 Rome, Italy. RP Freda, C (reprint author), Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM freda@ingv.it RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 1 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s00445-006-0064-7 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 078MK UT WOS:000240107700008 ER PT J AU Michaud, EJ Yoder, BK AF Michaud, Edward J. Yoder, Bradley K. TI The primary cilium in cell signaling and cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID INTRAFLAGELLAR TRANSPORT PROTEINS; BASAL BODY PROTEOME; REPRESSOR FUNCTIONS; NEURONAL CILIA; SONIC HEDGEHOG; GROWTH-FACTOR; DISEASE GENE; MOUSE; SPECIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB The primary cilium is a microtubule-based antenna-like structure that emanates from the surface of virtually all cells in the mammalian body. It is anchored to the cell by the basal body, which develops from the mother centriole of the centrosome in a manner that is coordinately regulated with the cell cycle. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that receives both mechanical and chemical signals from other cells and the environment, and transmits these signals to the nucleus to elicit a cellular response. Recent studies revealed that multiple components of the Sonic hedgehog and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signal transduction pathways localize to the primary cilium, and that loss of the cilium blocks ligand-induced signaling by both pathways. In light of the major role that these pathways play in numerous types of cancer, we anticipate that the emerging discoveries being made about the function of the primary cilium in signaling pathways that are critical for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in adults will also provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. C1 Univ Alabama, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yoder, BK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM byoder@uab.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK074038, DK 62758, DK 65655] NR 37 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 13 BP 6463 EP 6467 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0462 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 060TZ UT WOS:000238825800002 PM 16818613 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, JD Melechko, AV Klein, KL Rack, PD Smith, DA Hensley, DK Doktycz, MJ Simpson, ML AF Fowlkes, JD Melechko, AV Klein, KL Rack, PD Smith, DA Hensley, DK Doktycz, MJ Simpson, ML TI Control of catalyst particle crystallographic orientation in vertically aligned carbon nanofiber synthesis SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE varbon fibers; catalyst; plasma sputtering; X-ray diffraction; phase transitions ID VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-BOMBARDMENT; NI FILMS; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROARRAYS; ELECTRODES; MEMBRANES; CATHODE; CELLS AB Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) have been synthesized where the crystallographic orientation of the initial catalyst film was preserved in the nanoparticle that remained at the nanofiber tip after growth. A substantial percentage of catalyst particles (75%), amounting to approximately 200 million nanofibers over a 100 mm, Si wafer substrate, exhibited a sixfold symmetry attributed to a cubic Ni(1 11) parallel to Si(0 0 1) orientation relationship which was verified by X-ray diffraction studies. The Ni catalyst films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering under substrate bias conditions to yield a single (111) film texture. The total energy of the Ni thin film was estimated by calculating the sum of the surface free energy and strain energy. The total film energy was minimized by the evolution of the plane of lowest surface free energy, the (111) texture. This result was in agreement with X-ray diffraction measurements. The preferred orientation present in the Ni catalyst film prior to nanofiber growth was preserved in the Ni catalyst particles throughout the VACNF growth process. The Ni catalyst particles at the nanofiber tips were not pure single crystals but rather consisted of a mosaic structure of Ni nanocrystallites embedded within Ni catalyst nanoparticles (200-400 nm). The tip-located nanoparticles exhibited a faceted, crystal morphology with the faceting transferred to the underlying carbon nanofiber during the growth process. The possibility of precisely and accurately controlling VACNF growth velocity over macroscopic wafer dimensions with uniformly aligned catalyst particles is discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fowlkes, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fowlkesjd@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016; OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1510 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 045TI UT WOS:000237765000018 ER PT J AU Shamsi, A AF Shamsi, A TI Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane over Ca/Ni/K(Na) catalysts SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE synthesis gas; dry reforming; catalysis; carbon formation ID CH4 AB Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ca/Ni/K(Na) catalysts have been studied. Effects of temperature, pressure, and oxygen/methane ratios on catalytic activity, selectivity, and carbon formation have been determined. Also reforming of (CH4)-C-13 in the presence of CO2 and Temperature-Programmed Oxidation (TPO) of deposited carbon after the reaction indicated that both methane and CO2 contribute to carbon formation. The TPO of deposited carbon on Ca/Ni/K catalyst showed that the catalyst consumed a significant amount of oxygen, only a fraction of which was consumed by carbon species on the surface, indicating that the surface oxygen plays a significant role in oxidizing and removing carbon species from the catalyst surfaces. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ashams@netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-0076-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 051IQ UT WOS:000238155200012 ER PT J AU Drgon, T Lin, ZC Wang, GJ Fowler, J Pablo, J Mash, DC Volkow, N Uhl, GR AF Drgon, Tomas Lin, Zhicheng Wang, Gene-Jack Fowler, Joanna Pablo, Johnfn Mash, Deborah C. Volkow, Nora Uhl, George R. TI Common human 5 ' dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) haplotypes yield varying expression levels in vivo SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haplotype; dopamine transporter; cocaine; Parkinson's disease; PET; postmortem brain ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; REPORTER GENE-EXPRESSION; VARIABLE NUMBER; RADIOLIGAND BINDING; COCAINE REWARD; REGION; ASSOCIATION; DENSITY; SITES; ADHD AB 1. Individuals display significant differences in their levels of expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT; SLC6A3). These differences in DAT are strong candidates to contribute to individual differences in motor, mnemonic and reward functions. To identify "cis"-acting genetic mechanisms for these individual differences, we have sought variants in 5' aspects of the human DAT gene and identified the haplotypes that these variants define. 2. We report (i) significant relationships between 5' DAT haplotypes and human individual differences in ventral striatal DAT expression assessed it? vivo using [C-11] cocaine PET and (ii) apparent confirmation of these results in studies of DAT expression in postmortem striatum Using [H-3] carboxyflurotropane binding. 3. These observations support the idea that cis-acting variation in 5' aspects of the human DAT/SLC6A3 locus contributes to individual differences in levels of DAT expression in vivo. 5' DAT variation is thus a good candidate to contribute to individual differences in a number of human phenotypes. C1 NIDA, Mol Neurobiol Branch, IRP, DHSS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NIDA, Off Director, NIH, DHSS, Rockville, MD 21224 USA. RP Uhl, GR (reprint author), NIDA, Mol Neurobiol Branch, IRP, DHSS, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM guhl@intra.nida.nih.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 06227, DA 7092-01, DA00280, DA09490-01] NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4340 J9 CELL MOL NEUROBIOL JI Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4-6 BP 875 EP 889 DI 10.1007/s10571-006-9014-3 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 118VP UT WOS:000242971900036 PM 16710758 ER PT J AU Jackson, SD Rugmini, S Stair, PC Wu, ZL AF Jackson, SD Rugmini, S Stair, PC Wu, ZL TI A comparison of catalyst deactivation of vanadia catalysts used for alkane dehydrogenation SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE vanadia catalysts; n-butane dehydrogenation; deactivation; nature of carbon species; UV-vis; Raman spectra ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE CATALYSTS; ULTRAVIOLET; PROPANE; HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; SUPPORTS; SPECTRA AB A series of vanadia/theta-alurnina catalysts have been prepared, characterised and tested for n-butane dehydrogenation. We examined two catalysts having vanadium loadings of 1 and 3.5% V in more detail. The extent of carbon laydown is extremely sensitive to the nature of vanadia surface species. Studies show that the isolated VOx species are much more effective at catalysing carbon deposition during dehydrogenation than the polyvanadate species. It is also clear that polyvanadate species are more effective at dehydrogenation compared to the isolated vanadia species. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jackson, SD (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM sdj@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Jackson, Samuel/F-8095-2011; Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012 OI Jackson, Samuel/0000-0003-1257-5533; Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2006.03.014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 056GI UT WOS:000238509500017 ER PT J AU AchutaRao, K Sperber, KR AF AchutaRao, Krishna Sperber, Kenneth R. TI ENSO simulation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models: are the current models better? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; PATTERNS AB Maintaining a multi-model database over a generation or more of model development provides an important framework for assessing model improvement. Using control integrations, we compare the simulation of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and its extratropical impact, in models developed for the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report with models developed in the late 1990s [the so-called Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-2 (CMIP2) models]. The IPCC models tend to be more realistic in representing the frequency with which ENSO occurs, and they are better at locating enhanced temperature variability over the eastern Pacific Ocean. When compared with reanalyses, the IPCC models have larger pattern correlations of tropical surface air temperature than do the CMIP2 models during the boreal winter peak phase of El Nino. However, for sea-level pressure and precipitation rate anomalies, a clear separation in performance between the two vintages of models is not as apparent. The strongest improvement occurs for the modelling groups whose CMIP2 model tended to have the lowest pattern correlations with observations. This has been checked by subsampling the multi-century IPCC simulations in a manner to be consistent with the single 80-year time segment available from CMIP2. Our results suggest that multi-century integrations may be required to statistically assess model improvement of ENSO. The quality of the El Nino precipitation composite is directly related to the fidelity of the boreal winter precipitation climatology, highlighting the importance of reducing systematic model error. Over North America distinct improvement of El Nino forced boreal winter surface air temperature, sea-level pressure, and precipitation rate anomalies to occur in the IPCC models. This improvement is directly proportional to the skill of the tropical El Nino forced precipitation anomalies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP AchutaRao, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, L-103,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM achutarao1@llnl.gov RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 37 TC 151 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0119-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044GW UT WOS:000237661400001 ER PT J AU Valorani, M Creta, F Goussis, DA Lee, JC Najm, HN AF Valorani, M Creta, F Goussis, DA Lee, JC Najm, HN TI An automatic procedure for the simplification of chemical kinetic mechanisms based on CSP SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE chemical kinetics reduction; autoignition; premixed laminar flames; counterflow diffusion flames; numerical methods ID LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS; COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; ELEVATED PRESSURES; SLOW MANIFOLDS; STEADY-STATE; TIME SCALES; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; FLAMES; PERTURBATION AB An algorithm is developed to generate simplified (skeletal) kinetic mechanisms from a given detailed one. The algorithm is able to replicate the dynamics of a user-specified set of species (chosen from the original set) when a finite set of sampling points, D, in the chemistry configuration space is given. The simplification procedure involves discarding elementary reactions and species that are deemed unimportant to the fast and slow dynamics of a set of specific scalars. The criteria used in deciding which elementary reactions or species to discard are based on the computational singular perturbation (CSP) method. The procedure involves applying the CSP analysis to each point in D and an algorithm to assemble the simplified mechanism, the validity of which extends to all points in D and is tailored for the set of specified scalars. This algorithm provides a convenient way to construct comprehensive simplified mechanisms, applicable over a wide range of parameters and combustion processes. The effectiveness of this new algorithm is demonstrated by constructing simplified mechanisms for three methane/air reactive systems: autoignition in a constant-pressure reactor, a premixed flame, and a counterflow diffusion flame. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Meccan & Aeronaut, I-00184 Rome, Italy. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hnnajm@sandia.gov OI CRETA, Francesco/0000-0003-1923-0810; VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 65 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.03.011 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 059KR UT WOS:000238732200003 ER PT J AU Santamaria, A Mondragon, F Molina, A Marsh, ND Eddings, EG Sarofim, AF AF Santamaria, A Mondragon, F Molina, A Marsh, ND Eddings, EG Sarofim, AF TI FT-IR and H-1 NMR characterization of the products of an ethylene inverse diffusion flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE soot; FT-IR; H-1 NMR; inverse diffusion flame ID POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; SOOT PRECURSOR PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; ETHENE; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; OXIDATION; ENGINES; SPECTRA; METHANE AB Knowledge of the chemical structure of young soot and its precursors is very useful in the understanding of the paths leading to soot particle inception. This paper presents analyses of the chemical functional groups, based on FT-IR and H-1 NMR spectroscopy of the products obtained in an ethylene inverse diffusion flame. The trends in the data indicate that the soluble fraction of the soot becomes progressively more aromatic and less aliphatic as the height above the burner increases. Results from H-1 NMR spectra of the chloroform-soluble soot samples taken at different heights above the burner corroborate the infrared results based on proton chemical shifts (Ha, Ha, HP, and H gamma). The results indicate that the aliphatic beta and gamma hydrogens suffered the most drastic reduction, while the aromatic character increased considerably with height, particularly in the first half of the flame. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Antioquia, Inst Chem, AA-1226 Medellin, Colombia. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mondragon, F (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Inst Chem, AA-1226 Medellin, Colombia. EM fmondra@quimbaya.udea.edu.co NR 48 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 059KR UT WOS:000238732200004 ER PT J AU Mikofski, MA Williams, TC Shaddix, CR Blevins, LG AF Mikofski, MA Williams, TC Shaddix, CR Blevins, LG TI Flame height measurement of laminar inverse diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE inverse diffusion flame; laminar; flame height; OH; laser-induced fluorescence ID SOOT FORMATION; HYDROCARBON; PREDICTION; ETHENE; OXYGEN; SIZES AB Flame heights of co-flowing cylindrical ethylene-air and methane-air laminar inverse diffusion flames were measured. The luminous flame height was found to be greater than the height of the reaction zone determined by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of hydroxyl radicals (OH) because of luminous soot above the reaction zone. However, the location of the peak luminous signals along the centerline agreed very well with the OH flame height. Flame height predictions using Roper's analysis for circular port burners agreed with measured reaction zone heights when using values for the characteristic diffusion coefficient and/or diffusion temperature somewhat different from those recommended by Roper. The fact that Roper's analysis applies to inverse diffusion flames is evidence that inverse diffusion flames are similar in structure to normal diffusion flames. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Micrograv Combust Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blevins, LG (reprint author), US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM linda.blevins@science.doe.gov NR 28 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.006 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 059KR UT WOS:000238732200005 ER PT J AU Lawn, CJ Schefer, RW AF Lawn, CJ Schefer, RW TI Scaling of premixed turbulent flames in the corrugated regime SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE premixed; methane/hydrogen; flame surface density; consumption speed ID METHANE-AIR FLAMES; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BURNING VELOCITY; SURFACE-DENSITY; INTENSE TURBULENCE; MARKSTEIN LENGTHS; FRONT STRUCTURE; COMBUSTION; LAMINAR; BURNER AB A novel apparatus for studying premixed combustion, involving the flow through a wide-angled diffuser, is described. Flames in pure methane/air mixtures and in methane/hydrogen/air have been stabilised at various heights in the diffuser, with various types of turbulence generators at inlet. The stabilisation conditions thus embraced a range of turbulence levels and integral length scales in the corrugated flamelet regime. Particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence were deployed to obtain the instantaneous velocity field in the unburnt mixture and the location of the flame front. Ensemble averages over 200 images allowed the statistics for 2-D flamelet surface density and the thickness of the flame brush to be measured in flames that were nearly planar in the mean. The flamelet surface density Sigma was shown to be related to the length scale and the turbulence level, albeit in a nonlinear manner. However, there was no clear correlation for the flame brush thickness delta(T), two different perforated plates generating turbulence at the same level and of the same length scale but giving very different thicknesses. Integrating Sigma across the flame and combining with information from elsewhere on the effect of stretch on the laminar burning velocity, the consumption speed was estimated. As in all determinations of this parameter in the literature, this was found to be very much less than the turbulent displacement speed. Residual mean flame curvature is not thought to be sufficient to account for this, and explanations are being sought in a more complex response of the flamelets to the turbulence than just pure corrugation. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London, Dept Engn, London E1 4NS, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawn, CJ (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Engn, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM c.j.lawn@qmu.ac.uk RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2006 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.03.010 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 059KR UT WOS:000238732200014 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Khare, A Saxena, A AF Cooper, Fred Khare, Avinash Saxena, Avadh TI Exact elliptic compactons in genepalized Kopteweg-De Pies equations SO COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE action principle; nonlinear field equation; compacton solutions ID SOLITON STABILITY; SYSTEMS; SUPPORT; WAVES AB Using the action principle, and assuming a solitary wave of the generic form u(x, t) = AZ(beta (x + q(t)), we derive a general theorem relating the energy, momentum, and velocity of any solitary wave solution of the generalized Korteweg-De Vries equation K* (1, p). Specifically we find that 4 = r(l, p)H/P, where l, p are nonlinearity parameters. We also relate the amplitude, width, and momentum to the velocity of these solutions. We obtain the general condition for linear and Lyapunov stability We then obtain a two-parameter family of exact solutions to these equations, which include elliptic and hyper-elliptic compacton solutions. For this general family we explicitly verify both the theorem and the stability criteria. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM avadh@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1076-2787 J9 COMPLEXITY JI Complexity PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1002/cplx.20133 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074HZ UT WOS:000239804600003 ER PT J AU Fernandez, J Frachtenberg, E Petrini, F Sancho, JC AF Fernandez, Juan Frachtenberg, Eitan Petrini, Fabrizio Sancho, Jose-Carlos TI An abstract interface for system software on large-scale clusters SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cluster computing; cluster operating system; fault tolerance; network hardware; resource management ID PERFORMANCE; NETWORK AB Scalable management of distributed resources is one of the major challenges when building large-scale clusters for high-performance computing. This task includes transparent fault tolerance, efficient deployment of resources and support for all the needs of parallel applications: parallel I/O, deterministic behavior and responsiveness. These challenges may seem daunting with commodity hardware and operating systems, since they were not designed to support a global, single management view of a large-scale system. In this paper we propose and demonstrate an abstract network interface in the cluster interconnect to facilitate the implementation of a simple yet powerful global operating system. This system, which can be thought of as a coarse-grain SIMD operating system, can allow commodity clusters to grow to thousands of nodes, while still retaining the usability and performance of the single-node workstation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Murcia, Dept Comp Engn, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. RP Frachtenberg, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eitanf@lanl.gov RI Sancho , Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho , Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0010-4620 EI 1460-2067 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 454 EP 469 DI 10.1093/comjnl/bxl020 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 061XH UT WOS:000238906600006 ER PT J AU Madsen, GKH Singh, DJ AF Madsen, GKH Singh, DJ TI BoltzTraP. A code for calculating band-structure dependent quantities SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann theory; conductivity; Hall effect; thermopower; Fourier expansion ID INTERPOLATION; TRANSPORT AB A program for calculating the semi-classic transport coefficients is described. It is based on a smoothed Fourier interpolation of the bands. From this analytical representation we calculate the derivatives necessary for the transport distributions. The method is compared to earlier calculations, which in principle should be exact within Boltzmann theory, and a very convincing agreement is found. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Madsen, GKH (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM georg@chem.au.dk RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 23 TC 798 Z9 802 U1 17 U2 156 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.03.007 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 058AJ UT WOS:000238636100008 ER PT J AU Watson, GR DeBardeleben, NA AF Watson, GR DeBardeleben, NA TI Developing scientific applications using Eclipse SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Parallel Tools Platform Project, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Watson, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Parallel Tools Platform Project, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gwatson@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2006.64 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 056RT UT WOS:000238543500008 ER PT J AU Grills, DC Huang, KW Muckerman, JT Fujita, E AF Grills, DC Huang, KW Muckerman, JT Fujita, E TI Kinetic studies of the photoinduced formation of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes using time-resolved infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Photochemistry and Photophysics for Coordination Compounds CY 2006 CL Pacific Grave, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Petroleum Res Fund DE nitrogen fixation; dinitrogen complex; time-resolved infrared; flash photolysis; binding rates ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; EXCIMER LASER PHOTOLYSIS; SCAN FT-IR; NONCLASSICAL DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE SOLUTION; SIGMA-BOND COORDINATION; NOBLE-GAS COMPLEXES; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS AB Previous kinetic studies of photoinitiated transition metal-dinitrogen bond forming reactions are reviewed, with an emphasis on room temperature reactivity, and in particular, the techniques of time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and UV-vis flash photolysis. Our recent results on the reactivity of the formally 16-electron, but agostically stabilized, complex, mer,trans-W(CO)(3)(PCy3)(2) (W) (Cy = cyclohexyt) toward N-2 in toluene and n-hexane solution are then discussed. Laser flash photolysis of a toluene solution of W-N-2 in the presence of excess N-2 resulted in the photoejection of N-2. The back reaction of W with N-2 was followed by monitoring the decay of the transient absorption of W at 600 nm. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of N-2 with W in toluene to generate W-N2 was found to be (3.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M-1 s(-1). The rate of the reverse reaction was found to be 100 +/- 10 s(-1), allowing an estimation of the equilibrium constant, K-N2 = (3.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) M-1. Time-resolved step-scan FTIR (s(2)-FTIR) spectroscopy was also used to spectroscopically characterize the W intermediate and monitor its back-reaction with N2 in n-hexane solution. The rate of formation of W-N2 measured by s(2)-FTIR agreed well with that measured by flash photolysis. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on the model complexes, mer,trans-W(CO)(3)(PH3)(2)(L) (L = none and N-2) in order to understand the observed IR and UV-vis spectra of W and W-N-2 and to determine the nature of the frontier molecular orbitals of W and W-N-2, allowing their lowest energy excited states to be assigned. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fujita, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fujita@bnl.gov RI Huang, Kuo-Wei/H-2303-2011; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Grills, David/F-7196-2016 OI Huang, Kuo-Wei/0000-0003-1900-2658; Grills, David/0000-0001-8349-9158 NR 86 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 250 IS 13-14 SI SI BP 1681 EP 1695 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.002 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 057OA UT WOS:000238603900007 ER PT J AU Kish, JR Singbeil, DL Keiser, JR AF Kish, J. R. Singbeil, D. L. Keiser, J. R. TI Cracking susceptibility of alternative composite tube alloys in a molten sodium sulfide hydrate-sodium hydroxide salt mixture SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE Alloy 625; Alloy 825; cold work; composite tube; corrosion fatigue cracking; sensitization; stainless steel; stress corrosion cracking ID RECOVERY BOILERS; SENSITIZATION; FLOOR AB The cracking of composite tube systems based on Type 304L stainless steel (SS) (UNS S30403) in the lower-furnace section of kraft recovery boilers continues to be a serious problem. One remedial approach used by pulp mills involves replacing the conventional system based on Type 304L SS with alternative composite tube systems based on Alloys 825 (UNS N08825) and 625 (UNS N06625). U-bend stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were conducted on these alloys in a sodium sulfide hydrate-sodium hydroxide (Na(2)S(.)xH(2)ONaOH) molten salt mixture at 180 degrees C (simulated wash-water environment) to help rationalize the observed service Performance and to help assist with the selection of the more resistant composite tube system. Attention was given to studying relative SCC resistance of those three alloys in relevant metallurgical conditions, which include mill-annealed, sensitized, cold-worked, and solution-annealed conditions. It was concluded that Type 304L SS is susceptible to cracking even with an ideal microstructure. Alloys 825 and 625 were clearly susceptible after heavy cold work, yet significantly more resistant than Type 304L SS in other conditions tested. The results are consistent with field observations and, therefore, have meaningful implication regarding materials selection and fabrication. C1 Pulp & Paper Res Inst Canada, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kish, JR (reprint author), Pulp & Paper Res Inst Canada, 3800 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L9, Canada. EM jkish@paprican.ca NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 7 BP 624 EP 634 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 061VX UT WOS:000238902300009 ER PT J AU Yan, XD Ji, HF Thundat, T AF Yan, XD Ji, HF Thundat, T TI Microcantilever (MCL) biosensing SO CURRENT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL CANTILEVER ARRAY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LABEL-FREE; COATED MICROCANTILEVER; MICROMECHANICAL SENSOR; GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE STRESS AB The analytical community continues to search for cost-effective, reliable, and even portable analytical techniques that can give reliable and fast-response results for a variety of biochemicals. Advances in the field of microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and their uses now offer unique opportunities in the design of ultrasensitive analytical devices. Microcantilevers (MCLs) have been emerged as a novel unique platform for label-free biosensor or bioassay. This short review summarizes the biosensors using microcantilever (MCL) technology. DNA-based, antibody-based, enzyme-based, and membrane-based MCL sensors are discussed. The review is intended to provide an experts in this field an overview of MCL biosensors and to help the non-experts in the field to acquire a good understanding of the development of MCL biosensors and the main issues to be considered for further development of this biosensor technique. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4110 J9 CURR ANAL CHEM JI Curr. Anal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.2174/157341106777698251 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058PU UT WOS:000238677800007 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM van Duijn, M Inman, JL Fletcher, DA Bissell, MJ AF Nelson, Celeste M. van Duijn, Martijn Inman, Jamie L. Fletcher, Daniel A. Bissell, Mina J. TI An engineered tissue model to determine position-specific behavior during mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology CY JUN 17-21, 2006 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Soc Dev Biol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 MA 209 BP 402 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.232 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 063DL UT WOS:000238996200232 ER PT J AU Schneider, H Mathios, A AF Schneider, Helen Mathios, Alan TI Principal agency theory and health care utilization SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT; TRADITIONAL INSURANCE; HOSPITAL-CARE; PHYSICIANS; HMOS; LENGTH; STAY; SELECTION; PROGRAMS; COSTS AB This article uses a principal agent framework to examine the role that monitoring costs faced by an insurer have on health care utilization. We compare hospital lengths of stay for fee-for-service and capitated patients in low and high monitoring cost situations. Monitoring costs associated with a particular procedure are assumed to be high when there is large variation across patients in hospital lengths of stay. The empirical results indicate that differences in utilization between fee-for-service and capitated patients increase as monitoring costs increase. However, we do not find that fee-for-service reimbursement is used less in the difficult to monitor situations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Policy Anal & Management, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Schneider, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp D 3, Mail Stop K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hschneider@lanl.gov; adm5@cornell.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 0095-2583 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1093/ei/cbj025 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 063CM UT WOS:000238993600003 ER PT J AU Radu, A Peper, S Gonczy, C Runde, W Diamond, D AF Radu, Aleksandar Peper, Shane Gonczy, Chad Runde, Wolfgang Diamond, Dermot TI Trace-level determination of Cs+ using membrane-based ion-selective electrodes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors CY NOV 13-18, 2005 CL Matraufured, HUNGARY DE cesium; ion-selective electrode; potentiometry; trace-level analysis; carborane ID IMPROVED DETECTION LIMITS; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; OPTIMUM COMPOSITION; NEUTRAL IONOPHORES; CHEMICAL SENSORS; COEFFICIENTS; MICROSPHERES; EXCHANGER; SITES; ANION AB A membrane-based ion-selective electrode (ISE) has been developed for the trace-level determination of Cs' in aqueous samples. A systematic evaluation of several ionophores was performed, examining the effect of membrane plasticizer and ion exchanger on sensor selectivity. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based ion-selective membranes of conventional composition containing calix[6]arene hexaacetic acid hexaethylester as ionophore (Cs I, 10 mmol/kg), bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS, 66 wt%) as plasticizer, and undecaiodinated closo-dodecacarborane (UIC, 4.1 mmol/kg) as ion exchanger exhibited superior performance with respect to selectivity over alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. The unbiased selectivity coefficients, log K-Cs,J(pot), for the principal interfering ions (J = K+, Na+, Ca2+ Mg2+) a and were determined to be - 2.9, - 4.7, - 8.5, and - 8.7, respectively. DOS-plasticized PVC electrodes containing Cs I and UIC were optimized for trace-level measurements, exhibiting a lower detection limit of 7.9 x 10(-9) M Cs+ (log aC(s,LDL) = - 8.1) in the presence of a 1 X 10(-5) M Na+ background. Ile utility of the optimized ISEs was demonstrated by determining the concentration of Cs+ in both drinking water and natural water samples. C1 Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Adapt Sensors Grp, Dublin 9, Ireland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Radu, A (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Adapt Sensors Grp, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM Aleksandar.Radu@dcu.ie; shane.peper@pnl.gov RI Radu, Aleksandar/A-6294-2009 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 13-14 BP 1379 EP 1388 DI 10.1002/elan.200603542 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 068NG UT WOS:000239380400018 ER PT J AU Simpson, DC Ahn, S Pasa-Tolic, L Bogdanov, B Mottaz, HM Vilkov, AN Anderson, GA Lipton, MS Smith, RD AF Simpson, David C. Ahn, Seonghee Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana Bogdanov, Bogdan Mottaz, Heather M. Vilkov, Andrey N. Anderson, Gordon A. Lipton, Mary S. Smith, Richard D. TI Using size exclusion chromatography-RPLC and RPLC-CIEF as two-dimensional separation strategies for protein profiling SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE FTICR-MS; post-translational modifications; protein separations; Shewanella oneidensis ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESONANCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLUTION ISOELECTROFOCUSING PRIOR; ION-EXCHANGE COLUMNS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; TOP-DOWN; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; SAMPLE PREFRACTIONATION; SEQUENCE DATABASES; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS AB Bottom-up proteomics (analyzing peptides that result from protein digestion) has demonstrated capability for broad proteome coverage and good throughput. However, due to incomplete sequence coverage, this approach is not ideally suited to the study of modified proteins. The modification complement of a protein can best be elucidated by analyzing the intact protein. 2-DE, typically coupled with the analysis of peptides that result from in-gel digestion, is the most frequently applied protein separation technique in MS-based proteomics. As an alternative, numerous column-based liquid phase techniques, which are generally more amenable to automation, are being investigated. In this work, the combination of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) fractionation with RPLC-Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MS is compared with the combination of RPLC fractionation with CIEF-FTICR-MS for the analysis of the Shewanella oneidensis proteome. SEC-RPLC-FTICR-MS allowed the detection of 297 proteins, as opposed to 166 using RPLC-CIEF-FTICR-MS, indicating that approaches based on LC-MS provide better coverage. However, there were significant differences in the sets of proteins detected and both approaches provide a basis for accurately quantifying changes in protein and modified protein abundances. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pasa-Tolic, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ljiljana.pasatolic@pnl.gov RI Simpson, David/D-4677-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Simpson, David/0000-0002-1189-0833; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522] NR 76 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 13 BP 2722 EP 2733 DI 10.1002/elps.200600037 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 068GM UT WOS:000239360800020 PM 16732621 ER PT J AU Barry, RC Young, MJ Stedman, KM Dratz, EA AF Barry, Richard C. Young, Mark J. Stedman, Kenneth M. Dratz, Edward A. TI Proteomic mapping of the hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE archaea; extremophile; hyperthermophilic; sulfolobus; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; ARCHAEBACTERIUM SULFOLOBUS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SAMPLE APPLICATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; COMPLETE GENOME; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB A proteomic map of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, an archaeon that grows optimally at 80 degrees C and pH 3.2, was developed using high-resolution 2-DE and peptide mass fingerprinting. A total of 867 protein spots (659 aqueous Tris-soluble spots and 208 aqueous Tris-insoluble) were mapped over IPG 3-10, 4-7, and 6-11, with second-dimensional gels made of 8-18% polyacrylamide. Three hundred and twenty-four different gene products were represented by the 867 spots, with 274 gene products being identified in the Tris-soluble fractions and 100 gene products in the Tris-insoluble portion. Fifty gene products were found on gels from both fractions. Additionally, an average of 1.50 +/- 0.12 isoforms/protein was identified. This mapping study confirmed the expression of proteins involved in numerous metabolic, transport, energy production, nucleic acid replication, translation, and transcription pathways. Of particular interest, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (SSO2537) was detected even though the pathway for gluconeogenesis is unknown for this archaeon. Tris-soluble fractions contained many cytosolic proteins while Tris-insoluble fractions contained many membrane-associated proteins, including ABC transporters and an ATP synthase. This study provides an optimized 2-DE approach for investigating the biochemical pathways and post-translational modifications employed by Sulfolobus to survive in its extreme environment. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Dratz, EA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 108 Gaines Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM dratz@chemistry.montana.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR16240] NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2970 EP 2983 DI 10.1002/elps.200500851 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 070MC UT WOS:000239525700017 PM 16721906 ER PT J AU Reinhart, C Selkowitz, S AF Reinhart, C Selkowitz, S TI Daylighting - Light, form, and people SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reinhart, C (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, 1200 Montreal Rd M-24, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM christoph.reinhart@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 715 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.005 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 047YT UT WOS:000237915300001 ER PT J AU Clear, RD Inkarojrit, V Lee, ES AF Clear, RD Inkarojrit, V Lee, ES TI Subject responses to electrochromic windows SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE electrochromic windows; venetian blind use; subjective response; energy use AB Forty-three subjects worked in a private office with switchable electrochromic windows, manually operated Venetian blinds, and dimmable fluorescent lights. The electrochromic window had a visible transmittance range of approximately 3-60%. Analysis of subject responses and physical data collected during the work sessions showed that the electrochromic windows reduced the incidence of glare compared to working under a fixed transmittance (60%) condition. Subjects used the Venetian blinds less often and preferred the variable transmittance condition, but used slightly more electric lighting with it than they did when window transmittance was fixed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clear, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Mailstop 90-3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rdclear@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 758 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.011 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 047YT UT WOS:000237915300006 ER PT J AU Maamari, F Andersen, M de Boer, J Carroll, WL Dumortier, D Greenup, P AF Maamari, F Andersen, M de Boer, J Carroll, WL Dumortier, D Greenup, P TI Experimental validation of simulation methods for bi-directional transmission properties at the daylighting performance level SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE daylight simulation; bi-directional transmission distribution function (BTDF); complex fenestration systems (CFS); validation data AB The objective of this paper is to assess the capability of existing lighting simulation methods to predict the performance of Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS), whose potential in daylight and sunlight control make. them an increasingly popular alternative to conventional glazing. The research was conducted in two phases. First, collect reliable reference data by taking illuminance measurements inside a black-box under a measured and controlled external luminance distribution, the black-box's only aperture being covered with a complex glazing sample. Two types of materials were used: a Serraglaze (TM) element and a Laser Cut Panel (LCP). Several simulation methods were then investigated and validated against this reference case. For the first method, measured BTDF for both material samples were integrated into different simulation tools to determine the resulting indoor lighting conditions under the external luminance distribution chosen for the reference case. The same method was then applied with calculated BTDF data, based on ray-tracing calculations. Finally, one of the CFS (the LCP) was modeled using the backward ray-tracer RADIANCE so that the inside illuminance distribution could be deduced without requiring BTDF data. The comparison between the experimental reference data and the simulation results showed that the effect of the CFS on the room's illumination could be predicted with acceptable accuracy for most of the tested methods (generally within 10-20%). The simplicity of the testing scenarios allowed error sources related to simulation to be highlighted and helped determine the extent to which an accurate physical description of the samples could influence the results. Based on this study, recommendations were made for a better use of existing simulation methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx en Velin, France. Fraunhofer Inst Bauphysik, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arup Australasia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. RP Maamari, F (reprint author), Soft Energy Consultants, 4 Pl Jean Chorel, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. EM maamari@alicemail.fr NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 878 EP 889 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.008 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 047YT UT WOS:000237915300015 ER PT J AU Lee, ES Selkowitz, SE AF Lee, ES Selkowitz, SE TI The New York Times headquarters daylighting mockup: Monitored performance of the daylighting control system SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE building energy-efficiency; daylighting; lighting control systems; automated shading AB A 9-month monitored field study of the performance of automated roller shades and daylighting controls was conducted in a 401 m 2 unoccupied, furnished daylighting mockup. The mockup mimicked the southwest comer of a new 110 km(2) commercial building in New York, New York, where The New York Times will be the major tenant. This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of two daylighting control systems installed in separate areas of an open plan office with 1.2-m high workstation partitions: (1) Area A had 0-10 V dimmable ballasts with an openloop proportional control system and an automated shade controlled to reduce window glare and increase daylight, and (2) Area B had digital addressable lighting interface (DALI) ballasts with a closed-loop integral reset control system and an automated shade controlled to block direct sun. Daylighting control system performance and lighting energy use were monitored. The daylighting control systems demonstrated very reliable performance after they were commissioned properly. Work plane illuminance levels were maintained above 90% of the maximum fluorescent illuminance level for 99.9 +/- 0.5% and 97.9 +/- 6.1% of the day on average over the monitored period, respectively, in Areas A and B. Daily lighting energy use savings were significant in both Areas over the equinox-to-equinox period compared to a non-daylit reference case. At 3.35 m from the window, 30% average savings were achieved with a sidelit west-facing condition in Area A while 50-60% were achieved with a bilateral daylit south-facing condition in Area B. At 4.57-9.14 m from the window, 5-10% and 25-40% savings were achieved in Areas A and B, respectively. Average savings for the 7-m deep dimming zone were 20-23% and 52-59% for Areas A and B, respectively, depending on the lighting schedule. The large savings and good reliability can be attributed to the automatic management of the interior shades. The DALI-based system exhibited faulty behavior that remains unexplained, but operational errors are expected to be resolved as DALI products reach full maturity. The building owner received very competitive bids ($30-75 US/DALI ballast) and was able to justify use of the daylighting control system based on operational cost savings and increased amenity. Additional energy savings due to reduced solar and lighting heat gains were not quantified but will add to the total operational cost savings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Mailstop 90-3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eslee@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 914 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.019 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 047YT UT WOS:000237915300018 ER PT J AU Swezey, BG AF Swezey, BG TI Renewable energy policy SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Swezey, BG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Blair_Swezey@nrel.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.006 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 019RY UT WOS:000235855600012 ER PT J AU Pascal, J Tsodikov, O Hura, G Tainer, J Ellenberger, T AF Pascal, J. Tsodikov, O. Hura, G. Tainer, J. Ellenberger, T. TI Correcting DNA strand breaks at the replication fork: Structural analysis of PCNA interaction with DNA ligase and the activation of DNA end-joining. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 417 EP 417 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900074 ER PT J AU Schmid, TE Eskenazi, B Marchetti, F Gopalan, R Li, G Anderson, D Rappaport, S Kurtovich, E Wyrobek, AJ AF Schmid, T. E. Eskenazi, B. Marchetti, F. Gopalan, R. Li, G. Anderson, D. Rappaport, S. Kurtovich, E. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Increased human DNA strand damage is associated with occupational exposure to benzene. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. China Natl Inst Occupat Hlth & Poison Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015 OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900077 ER PT J AU Winn, RN Majeske, AJ Jagoe, CH Norris, MW Glenn, TC Smith, M AF Winn, R. N. Majeske, A. J. Jagoe, C. H. Norris, M. W. Glenn, T. C. Smith, M. TI lambda transgenic medaka as a new model for germline mutagenesis. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 419 EP 419 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900081 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH Hinz, JM Nham, PB AF Thompson, L. H. Hinz, J. M. Nham, P. B. TI Disparate hprt mutagenesis associated with defective Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination pathways. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900092 ER PT J AU Wiese, C Grosser, T Kovalenko, O Collins, D Kratz, W Rydberg, B Schild, D AF Wiese, C. Grosser, T. Kovalenko, O. Collins, D. Kratz, W. Rydberg, B. Schild, D. TI RAD51AP1/PIR51 is required for DNA repair and for the maintenance of genomic stability after DNA damage. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc ID PROTEIN C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900094 ER PT J AU Schmid, TE Eskenazi, B Marchetti, F Young, S Weldon, RH Baumgartner, A Anderson, D Wyrobek, AJ AF Schmid, T. E. Eskenazi, B. Marchetti, F. Young, S. Weldon, R. H. Baumgartner, A. Anderson, D. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Vitamin c intake modifies the effects of aging on DNA strand damage in sperm. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015 OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900101 ER PT J AU Zahed-Kargaran, H Yannone, SM Pluth, JM AF Zahed-Kargaran, H. Yannone, S. M. Pluth, J. M. TI Profiling phosphorylation patterns after low and high LET radiation exposure. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 431 EP 431 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900125 ER PT J AU Henderson, PT Mundt, JM Hah, SS AF Henderson, P. T. Mundt, J. M. Hah, S. S. TI Incorporation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine into DNA and RNA in MCF-7 cells from the 2'-deoxynucleotide pool. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900128 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Eskenazi, B Li, G Rappaport, SM Schmid, TE Waydyanatha, S Kurtovich, EM Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F. Eskenazi, B. Li, G. SM, Rappaport TE, Schmid Waydyanatha, S. EM, Kurtovich AJ, Wyrobek TI Increased frequencies of chromosomal structural aberrations in sperm of Chinese workers occupationally exposed to benzene. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth & Poison Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 433 EP 433 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900132 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Henderson, PT AF Hah, S. S. Henderson, P. T. TI Biomedical applications of accelerator mass spectrometry: Kinetics of carboplatin-DNA binding in genomic DNA and bladder cancer cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 437 EP 437 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900149 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Kleinerman, R Ha, M Bhatti, P Hauptmann, M Sigurdson, A Sram, RJ Beskid, O Tawn, EJ Whitehouse, C Lindholm, C Kodama, Y Nakamura, N Vorobstova, I Oestreicher, U Stephan, G Yong, L Bauchinger, M Chung, HW Darroudi, F Roy, L Barquinero, J Livingston, G Schmid, E Blakey, D Voisin, P Littlefield, G Edwards, A AF Tucker, J. D. Kleinerman, R. Ha, M. Bhatti, P. Hauptmann, M. Sigurdson, A. Sram, R. J. Beskid, O. Tawn, E. J. Whitehouse, C. Lindholm, C. Kodama, Y. Nakamura, N. Vorobstova, I Oestreicher, U. Stephan, G. Yong, L. Bauchinger, M. Chung, H.-W. Darroudi, F. Roy, L. Barquinero, J. Livingston, G. Schmid, E. Blakey, D. Voisin, P. Littlefield, G. Edwards, A. TI International study of somatic cell translocation frequencies in control populations. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 45226 USA. NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. Hlth Inst Cent Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. Cent Res Inst Roentgenol & Radiol, St Petersburg, 30333, Russia. BfS, Obeschleissheim, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH K1A 0L2 USA. GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands. IRSN, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. LMU Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Didcot, Oxon, England. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/L-6487-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/0000-0003-0084-5268 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 440 EP 440 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900159 ER PT J AU Glenn, TC Tsyusko, OV Thompson, E Aizawa, K Yi, Y Coughlin, D Hinton, TG AF Glenn, T. C. Tsyusko, O., V Thompson, E. Aizawa, K. Yi, Yi Coughlin, D. Hinton, T. G. TI Untargeted germline mutations in Japanese medaka exposed to gamma radiation. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Augusta State Univ, Augusta, GA USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900220 ER PT J AU Murley, JS Nantajit, D Giometti, C Diamond, A Kataoka, Y Grdina, DJ AF Murley, J. S. Nantajit, D. Giometti, C. Diamond, A. Kataoka, Y. Grdina, D. J. TI A persistent thiol-induced MnSOD-mediated delayed cytoprotective effect in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 466 EP 466 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900257 ER PT J AU Wassom, JS Malling, HV Sega, GA Sankaranarayanan, K Brothers, RA Parang, M Lu, PY Sumpter, BG Piotrowski, PL Martin, SA Martin, KA Goldberg, JL Edmonds, AM AF Wassom, J. S. Malling, H. V. Sega, G. A. Sankaranarayanan, K. Brothers, R. A. Parang, M. Lu, P. Y. Sumpter, B. G. Piotrowski, P. L. Martin, S. A. Martin, K. A. Goldberg, J. L. Edmonds, A. M. TI An in silico predictive system for evaluating induced liver toxicity in rats and extrapolation to human liver toxicity. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 YAHSGS LLC, Richland, WA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900278 ER PT J AU Malling, HV Wassom, JS Sega, GA Sankaranarayanan, K Lu, PY AF Malling, H., V Wassom, J. S. Sega, G. A. Sankaranarayanan, K. Lu, P. Y. TI Predicting idiosyncratic toxicity responses of rat livers to xenobiotics. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 YAHSGS LLC, Richland, WA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 472 EP 472 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900279 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Lewicki, JL AF Oldenburg, CM Lewicki, JL TI On leakage and seepage of CO2 from geologic storage sites into surface water SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ebullition; CO2 storage; leakage; seepage; bubble flow ID MARINE HYDROCARBON SEEPS; COAL OIL POINT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE EMISSIONS; REGIONAL AQUIFERS; POROUS-MEDIA; AIR BUBBLE; LAKE NYOS; TRANSPORT; FLUX AB Geologic carbon sequestration is the capture of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) and its storage in deep geologic formations. The processes of CO2 seepage into surface water after migration through water-saturated sediments are reviewed. Natural CO2 and CH4 fluxes are pervasive in surface-water environments and are good analogues to potential leakage and seepage of CO2. Buoyancy-driven bubble rise in surface water reaches a maximum velocity of approximately 30 cm s(-1). CO2 rise in saturated porous media tends to occur as channel flow rather than bubble flow. A comparison of ebullition versus dispersive gas transport for CO2 and CH4 shows that bubble flow will dominate over dispersion in surface water. Gaseous CO2 solubility in variable-salinity waters decreases as pressure decreases leading to greater likelihood of ebullition and bubble flow in surface water as CO2 migrates upward. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov; jllewicki@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 50 IS 5 BP 691 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s00254-006-0242-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 059OC UT WOS:000238741100007 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY O'Connor, WK Gerdemann, SJ AF Chen, Zhong-Ying O'Connor, William K. Gerdemann, S. J. TI Chemistry of aqueous mineral carbonation for carbon sequestration and explanation of experimental results SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; chemistry of mineral carbon sequestration; mechanism of mineral carbonation; serpentine and olivine; magnesium silicate carbonation AB In aqueous mineral carbonation for carbon sequestration, high-pressure CO, is injected into water or sodium bicarbonate solution mixed with olivine or serpentine to produce magnesium carbonate. Thus, CO2 gas is fixed in a solid carbonate for sequestration. Such reactions are generally slow, and a significant amount of research was conducted to increase the reaction rate. This article is an initial effort using basic thermodynamic analysis to understand this complicated heterogeneous chemical process, and to explain some experimental results. The approach started with decomposing the process into two basic steps: magnesium ion dissolution from the olivine or serpentine, and magnesite precipitation. Thermodynamic calculation then is used to assess two important parameters for each of these two steps: the pH and carbonic ion concentration. The calculations explain the roles of increased CO2 pressure, elevated temperature, and adding sodium bicarbonate for enhancing the carbonation reaction, and these results agreed well with the experimental data. The analysis also indicates that for reaction routes in which leaching magnesium silicate and forming magnesium carbonate occur in the same reactor, lowering the pH helps dissolve magnesium ions from silicate, but it lowers carbonic ion concentration and limits precipitation of magnesite; careful balance of these two steps is critical. Further improvement may be built upon this model. (c) 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM zhong-ying.chen@saic.com NR 12 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 30 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1002/ep.10127 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060VP UT WOS:000238830000009 ER PT J AU Ankley, GT Daston, GP Degitz, SJ Denslow, ND Hoke, RA Kennedy, SW Miracle, AL Perkins, EJ Snape, J Tillitt, DE Tyler, CR Versteeg, D AF Ankley, Gerald T. Daston, George P. Degitz, Sigmund J. Denslow, Nancy D. Hoke, Robert A. Kennedy, Sean W. Miracle, Ann L. Perkins, Edward J. Snape, Jason Tillitt, Donald E. Tyler, Charles R. Versteeg, Donald TI Toxicogenomics in regulatory ecotoxicology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FATHEAD MINNOW; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENE-FUNCTION; TOXICOLOGY; MICROARRAY; TECHNOLOGIES; TOXICITY; METABONOMICS; PROTEOMICS; SIGNATURE C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. EM ankley.gerald@epa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES007375, R01 ES015449] NR 67 TC 160 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 4055 EP 4065 DI 10.1021/es0630184 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058DQ UT WOS:000238645400011 PM 16856717 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Jackson, BP Hopkins, WA Romanek, C AF Unrine, Jason M. Jackson, Brian P. Hopkins, William A. Romanek, Christopher TI Isolation and partial characterization of proteins involved in maternal transfer of selenium in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maternal transfer; selenium; Sceloporus occidentalis; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; size-exclusion chromatography ID VITELLOGENIN; YOLK AB Selenium from dietary exposure is efficiently transferred from mother to offspring in oviparous vertebrates, where it can cause severe teratogenic effects. We isolated and partially characterized proteins involved in maternal transfer of selenium in the oviparous lizard Sceloporus occidentalis using size-exclusion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Selenium from dietary selenomethionine exposure was incorporated into at least three egg proteins. One of these proteins was lipovitellin. The other two proteins may be part of a previously unknown mechanism of maternal transfer of Se that is independent of vitellogenesis or albumin secretion. Our results suggest at least three pathways for maternal transfer of Se in vertebrates that may vary in importance depending on the species. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Hanover, NH 03765 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Hanover, NH 03765 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03765 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife Ecotoxicol & Physiol Ecol Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, POB Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM unrine@srel.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1864 EP 1867 DI 10.1897/05-598R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200023 PM 16833149 ER PT J AU Fellows, RJ Driver, CR Cataldo, DA Harvey, SD AF Fellows, Robert J. Driver, Crystal R. Cataldo, Dominic A. Harvey, Scott D. TI Bioavailability of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX); plant-incorporated [C-14]RDX; prairie vole; Microtus ochrogaster ID SOIL; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOACCUMULATION; PLANTS; FATE AB Concerns have been raised over potential bioavailability and biotransfer of energetic materials such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The present study assessed plant-incorporated [C-14]RDX and plant-derived [14C]RDX-metabolite ingestion by the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). The animals were fed labeled chow (maximum, <= 10 g/d) for 5 or 7 d, followed by a 6- or 4-d chase period. More than 95% of all label presented was recovered in the summed excreta, with 74% of this in the fecal nonabsorbed bulk. Greater than 20% of the presented [14C]RDX and plant-derived [14C]RDX metabolites were absorbed by the animals' digestive tracts. These materials were either metabolized to (CO2)-C-14 (8-10% of the total label) or removed as nitrogenous waste through the kidneys (10-14%). Both C-14-Urine and (CO2)-C-14 excretion continued after the feces cleared, indicating ongoing metabolism of the labeled material. Approximately 4% was retained within the tissues at death, with the highest total activity in the liver and the highest specific activity in the testes. Other labeled tissues included the lung, heart, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, bone, and pancreas. All these tissues containing [C-14]RDX-derived materials are available to subsequent predators, indicating a potential for transfer to a higher trophic level. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fellows, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.fellows@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1881 EP 1886 DI 10.1897/05-446R1.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 083AV UT WOS:000240429200025 PM 16833151 ER PT J AU Odyniec, G AF Odyniec, G. TI Signs of thermalization from RHIC experiments SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB Selected results from the first five years of RHIC data taking are reviewed with emphasis on the evidence for thermalization in central Au+Au collisions at root sNN = 200 GeV. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Odyniec, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM G_Odyniec@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10287-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 082CK UT WOS:000240363900002 ER PT J AU Romatschke, P Venugopalan, R AF Romatschke, P. Venugopalan, R. TI Signals of a Weibel instability in the melting color glass condensate SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PLASMA; QUARK; MODEL; QCD AB Based on our work hep-ph/0510121, we discuss further the numerical study of classical SU (2) 3 + 1 - D Yang-Mills equations for matter produced in a high-energy heavy-ion collision. The growth of the amplitude of fluctuations as exp(Gamma root g(2)mu tau) (where g(2) mu is a scale arising from the saturation of gluons in the nuclear wave function) is shown to be robust over a wide range of initial amplitudes that violate boost invariance. We argue that this growth is due to a non-Abelian Weibel instability, the scale of which is set by a dynamically generated plasmon mass. We discuss the relation of Gamma to the prediction from kinetic theory. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Romatschke, P (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM paulrom@Physik.Uni-Bielefeld.de NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10304-y PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 082CK UT WOS:000240363900016 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D AF Kharzeev, D. TI Hawking-Unruh phenomenon in the parton language SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HIGH-ENERGIES; BLACK-HOLES; ELECTRONS; CREATION AB Inelastic hadron interactions at high energies are accompanied by a pulse of a strong chromo-electric field. This field leads to the decay of QCD vacuum which proceeds through the emission of partons with a thermal spectrum. In a semi-classical treatment, the effective temperature of the spectrum is determined by the acceleration of partons in the classical chromo-electric field, in accord with the general arguments given by Hawking and Unruh. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10302-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 082CK UT WOS:000240363900018 ER PT J AU Campi, G Cappelluti, E Proffen, T Qiu, X Bozin, ES Billinge, SJL Agrestini, S Saini, NL Bianconi, A AF Campi, G. Cappelluti, E. Proffen, Th. Qiu, X. Bozin, E. S. Billinge, S. J. L. Agrestini, S. Saini, N. L. Bianconi, A. TI Study of temperature dependent atomic correlations in MgB2 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID MICRO-STRAIN; T-C; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; DRIVEN AB We have studied temperature evolution of the local as well as the average crystal structure of MgB2 using real-space atomic pair distribution function (PDF) measured by high resolution neutron powder diffraction in a wide temperature range of T=10-600 K. We find small positive correlation factors for the B-B and B-Mg pairs, determined by mean-square displacements (MSD) and the mean-square relative displacements (MSRD). We analyze the PDF using both Einstein and force constant models finding a good agreement between the experimental data and the two models. This indicates that B and Mg atomic correlations are not sensitive to the details of phonon dispersion. C1 CNR, Ist Cristallog, Sez Monterotondo, Area Ric Roma Montelibretti, I-00016 Monterotondo, RM, Italy. CNR, INFM, Ist Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Campi, G (reprint author), CNR, Ist Cristallog, Sez Monterotondo, Area Ric Roma Montelibretti, POB 10, I-00016 Monterotondo, RM, Italy. EM gaetano.campi@roma1.infn.it RI Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Saini, Naurang/J-7918-2013; Bianconi, Antonio/J-3997-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Saini, Naurang/0000-0003-3684-1517; Bianconi, Antonio/0000-0001-9795-3913; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Campi, Gaetano/0000-0001-9845-9394 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00269-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 061CL UT WOS:000238848700003 ER PT J AU Enberg, R Pire, B Szymanowski, L AF Enberg, R. Pire, B. Szymanowski, L. TI Transversity GPD in photoproduction and electroproduction of two vector mesons SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HELICITY FLIP; POLARIZATION; DENSITIES; PROTON; QUARKS AB The chiral-odd generalized parton distribution (GPD), or transversity GPD, of the nucleon can be accessed experimentally through the photoproduction or electroproduction of two vector mesons on a polarized nucleon target, gamma N-(*) -> rho(1)rho N-2', where rho(1) is produced at large transverse momentum, rho(2) is transversely polarized, and the mesons are separated by a large rapidity gap. We predict the cross section for this process for both transverse and longitudinal rho(2) production. To this end, we propose a model for the transversity GPD H-T (x,xi,t) and give an estimate of the relative sizes of the transverse and longitudinal rho(2) cross sections. We show that a dedicated experiment at high energy should be able to measure the transversity content of the proton. C1 Ecole Polytech, CPhT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Paris 11, LPT, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Enberg, R (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CPhT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM REnberg@lbl.gov RI Pire, Bernard/I-3994-2013; OI Enberg, Rikard/0000-0003-0452-0671 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02545-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YM UT WOS:000241559700010 ER PT J AU Banfi, A Salam, GP Zanderighi, G AF Banfi, A. Salam, G. P. Zanderighi, G. TI Infrared-safe definition of jet flavour SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; TO-LEADING ORDER; HEAVY-QUARK JETS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CLUSTERING-ALGORITHM; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; E+E ANNIHILATION; 3-JET EVENTS; Z DECAYS AB It is common, in both theoretical and experimental studies, to separately discuss quark and gluon jets. However, even at parton level, widely-used jet algorithms fail to provide an infrared-safe way of making this distinction. We examine the origin of the problem and propose a solution in terms of a new "flavour-k(t)" algorithm. As well as being of conceptual interest this can be a powerful tool when combining fixed-order calculations with multi-jet resummations and parton showers. It also has applications to studies of heavy-quark jets. C1 Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, F-75252 Paris, France. CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL USA. CERN, Dept Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Banfi, A (reprint author), Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. EM andrea.banfi@mib.infn.it NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02552-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YM UT WOS:000241559700012 ER PT J AU Pi, H Avery, P Green, D Rohlf, J Tully, C AF Pi, H. Avery, P. Green, D. Rohlf, J. Tully, C. TI Measurement of missing transverse energy with the CMS detector at the LHC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The performance of the Compact Muon Solenoid detector for measuring missing transverse energy is evaluated using fully simulated pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. For minimum bias events without pileup, a resolution of 6.1 GeV is computed, corresponding to a stochastic contribution of 0.63 root Sigma E(T)GeV(1/2), where Sigma E(T) is the summed transverse energy in all calorimeter towers. When the contribution of pileup is included, the resolution degrades according to the overall deposited Sigma E(T) with the same stochastic coefficient. For QCD dijet events with event pileup corresponding to a luminosity L = 2x10(33) cm(-2)s(-1), we compute sigma = [(3.8 GeV)(2) + (0.97 GeV(1/2)root Sigma E(T))(2) + (0.012 Sigma E(T))(2)](1/2) resulting in a resolution of 45 GeV for jet events with reconstructed transverse momentum of 800 GeV/c. Monte Carlo samples of t (t) over bar and W+ jet events with high-momentum (p(T) > 20 GeV/c) lepton decays leading to true missing transverse energy were used to determine the azimuthal angle resolution to be 0.1 radians (0.2 radians) for a reconstructed missing transverse energy of 200 GeV (100 GeV). C1 [Pi, H.; Avery, P.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Green, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Rohlf, J.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pi, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM rohlf@bu.edu; cgtully@princeton.edu FU CMS HCAL/JetMET working group FX It is a pleasure to thank Salavat Abdullin, Daniel Denegri, Gigi Rolandi, Maria Spiropulu, and Roberto Tenchini for many useful suggestions. We also wish to acknowledge the support of the CMS HCAL/JetMET working group. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2006-02-004-8 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11XL UT WOS:000207564200004 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Preston, DL Lee, DW AF Levitas, VI Preston, DL Lee, DW TI Ginzburg-Landau theory of microstructures: Stability, transient dynamics, and functionally graded nanophases SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; MODEL; ALLOYS AB The stability, transient dynamics, and physical interpretation of microstructures obtained from a Ginzburg-Landau theory of first-order phase transformations are studied. The Jacobi condition for stability fails numerically, thus an alternative exact stability criterion, based on critical (most destabilizing) fluctuations, is developed. The degree-of-stability parameter is introduced to quantify the physical stability of long-lived unstable microstructures. For nanofilms, the existence of functionally graded nanophases is demonstrated. Numerical simulations indicate that graded nanophases can be produced by dissolving material from both surfaces of a nanofilm. Stability under finite fluctuations and post-bifurcation microstructure evolution are investigated numerically. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Lee, Dong-Wook /D-2630-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10086-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 054ZO UT WOS:000238418300013 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Simon, A Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Simon, A. Bishop, A. R. TI Exotic pairing instability in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; OVERLAPPING BANDS; CERHIN5 AB Superconductivity in the heavy-fermion compound CeCoIn5 has recently been found to be due to multiple-band effects (Phys. Rev. Lett., 94 ( 2005) 107005) with a distinct two- gap structure. It is shown here that the enormously enhanced values of the gap ratios with respect to T-c have an unusual origin with the electron dynamics mainly governed by f-p hybridization. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10103-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 060LJ UT WOS:000238803400019 ER PT J AU Hulse, RA AF Hulse, Russell A. TI Preparing K-12 students for the new interdisciplinary world of science SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE science education; interdisciplinary science AB The increasing importance of interdisciplinary science brings with it the need to consider what impact this has on the educational process. Such considerations extend even to the earliest educational years of K-12, and also exhibit a strong overlap with many issues involved in improving science education across the board. I will offer some general remarks, followed by a focus on three educational objectives of importance to interdisciplinary science as well as to improved science education as a whole. I will close with a brief discussion of the challenges involved in implementing such ideas in the educational system. C1 Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hulse, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Mail Stop MP15,2601 N Floyd, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM Russell.hulse@utdallas.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 231 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1196 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 064MH UT WOS:000239093300003 PM 16816125 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, MM Florando, JN Lassila, DH Schmidt, T Tyson, J AF LeBlanc, M. M. Florando, J. N. Lassila, D. H. Schmidt, T. Tyson, J., II TI Image correlation applied to single crystal plasticity experiments and comparison to strain gage data SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; VALIDATION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Tril Qual Syst, W Conshohocken, PA USA. RP LeBlanc, MM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00060.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 073OE UT WOS:000239751700008 ER PT J AU Mayes, RL Gomez, AJ AF Mayes, R. L. Gomez, A. J. TI Lessons learned in modal testing part 4: What's shakin', dude? Effective use of modal shakers SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 4 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00063.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 073OE UT WOS:000239751700011 ER PT J AU Kim, AG AF Kim, AG TI The effect of alkalinity of Class F PC fly ash on metal release SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE coal utilization by-products; column leaching; alkaline fly ash; acidic fly ash ID SULFURIC-ACID; SOLUBILITY; ALUMINUM AB Thirty-five samples of Class F fly ash from pulverized coal (PC) combustion boilers were leached with deionized water, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid. The release of metal ions from fly ash was related to the pH of the leachant solution and to the alkalinity of the ash. The maximum soluble concentration of the metallic elements was measured when the pH of the leachate was less than 5. Twenty-three of the samples were strongly alkaline and buffered the leachate until the ash was neutralized. The leachate from the other 13 samples became acidic with the addition of less than 1 L of 0.1 N acid. The alkalinity of the ash and the volume of acid required to neutralize it were a function of the Ca concentration. Published by Elsevier. Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM ann.kim@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10-11 BP 1403 EP 1410 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.11.023 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 049EI UT WOS:000237998300013 ER PT J AU Mastrovito, D Davis, W Dong, J Roney, P Sichta, P AF Mastrovito, D. Davis, W. Dong, J. Roney, P. Sichta, P. TI Integrating EPICS and MDSplus SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition, and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IAEA DE plasma control systems; EPICS; MDSplus; NSTX ID SYSTEM AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has been in operation at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) since 1999. Since then, NSTX has made use of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and MDSplus software packages, among others for control and data acquisition. To date, the two products have been integrated using special 'bridging' programs that include client-components for the EPICS and MDSplus servers. Recent improvements in the EPICS software have made it easier to develop a direct interface with MDSplus. This paper will describe the new EPICS extensions developed at PPPL that provide: (1) a direct data interface between EPICS process variables and MDSplus nodes; and (2) an interface between EPICS events and MDSplus events. These extensions have been developed for use with EPICS on Solaris and are currently being modified for use on real-time operating systems. Separately, an XML-RPC client was written to access EPICS 'trended' data, sampled usually once per minute during a 24 h period. The client extracts and writes a day's worth of trended data to a 'daily' MDSplus tree. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mastrovito, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmastrov@pppl.gov OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 15-17 SI SI BP 1847 EP 1851 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.04.042 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 073TG UT WOS:000239764900025 ER PT J AU Gates, DA Ferron, JR Bell, M Gibney, T Johnson, R Marsala, RJ Mastrovito, D Menard, JE Mueller, D Neumeyer, C Penaflorb, B Stevenson, T AF Gates, D. A. Ferron, J. R. Bell, M. Gibney, T. Johnson, R. Marsala, R. J. Mastrovito, D. Menard, J. E. Mueller, D. Neumeyer, C. Penaflorb, B. Stevenson, T. TI Status of the control system on the national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition, and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IAEA DE plasma control; real-time electronics; software structure ID TIME EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION AB In 2003, the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasma control system was used for plasma shape control using real-time equilibrium reconstruction (using the rtEFIT code). rtEFIT is now in routine use for plasma boundary control. More recently, the system has been upgraded to support feedback control of the resistive wall mode (RWM). This paper describes the hardware and software improvements that were made in support of these physics requirements. The control computer is an eight processor embedded system. The real-time data acquisition system now acquires 352 channels of data at 5 kHz for each NSTX plasma discharge. The latency for the data acquisition, which uses the Front Panel Data Port (FPDP) protocol, is measured to be similar to 8 mu s. A Stand-Alone Digitizer (SAD), designed at PPPL, along with an FPDP Input Multiplexing Module (FIMM) allows for simple modular upgrades. An interface module was built to interface between the FPDP output of the NSTX control system and the legacy Power Conversion Link (PCLink) used for communicating with the PPPL power supplies (first used for TFTR). Additionally a module has been built for communicating with the switching power amplifiers (SPA) recently installed on NSTX In addition to the hardware developments, the control software on the NSTX control system has been upgraded. The device driver software for the hardware described above will be discussed, as well as the new control algorithms that have been developed to control the switching power supplies for RWM control. A reliable mode detection algorithm for RWM feedback is currently under development. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gates, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dgates@pppl.gov OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 15-17 SI SI BP 1911 EP 1916 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.04.060 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 073TG UT WOS:000239764900036 ER PT J AU Burruss, JR Fredian, TW Thompson, MR AF Burruss, J. R. Fredian, T. W. Thompson, M. R. TI Security on the US fusion grid SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition, and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IAEA DE security; FusionGrid; grid computing AB The National Fusion Collaboratory project is developing and deploying new distributed computing and remote collaboration technologies with the goal of advancing magnetic fusion energy research. This has led to the development of the U.S. fusion grid (FusionGrid), a computational grid composed of collaborative, compute, and data resources from the three large U.S. fusion research facilities and with users both in the U.S. and in Europe. Critical to the development of FusionGrid was the creation and deployment of technologies to ensure security in a heterogeneous environment. These solutions to the problems of authentication, authorization, data transfer, and secure data storage, as well as the lessons learned during the development of these solutions, may be applied outside of FusionGrid and scale to future computing infrastructures such as those for next-generation devices like ITER. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Burruss, JR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM burruss@fusion.gat.com NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 15-17 SI SI BP 1949 EP 1955 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.04.052 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 073TG UT WOS:000239764900043 ER PT J AU Davis, WM Mastrovito, DM Bush, CE Gates, DA Maqueda, RJ Menard, JE Nishino, N Roney, PG Roquernore, AL Sabbagh, S Stratton, BC Zweben, SJ AF Davis, W. M. Mastrovito, D. M. Bush, C. E. Gates, D. A. Maqueda, R. J. Menard, J. E. Nishino, N. Roney, P. G. Roquernore, A. L. Sabbagh, S. Stratton, B. C. Zweben, S. J. TI Storage and analysis techniques for fast 2D camera data on NSTX SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition, and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IAEA DE NSTX; MDSplus; fast cameras; data compression; plasma images AB Animations from fast 2D camera data are facilitating the investigation of spatially distributed phenomena in high-temperature plasmas. The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) now has six fast camera systems, and more are expected to be added. Image capture rates vary between 1000 and 500,000 frames per second. Archiving and retrieving this data is a challenge for data repositories and networks. For example, if all camera data had been archived during the 2004 run, the total amount of data from NSTX (300MB per pulse) would have doubled, and this year, one new camera alone can acquire 2GB per pulse. The paper will describe the storage strategies, and compare some data compression techniques used for NSTX. Tools which animate camera data, synchronized with displays from other plasma diagnostics and simulations, allow scientists to gain insights and observe correlations that would be difficult with conventional tools. A labor-saving technique is described for archiving fast camera images from a vendor's system into MDSplus and to AVI files. Examples of specific analysis and display techniques are presented. Future challenges are also discussed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Engn, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Davis, WM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM bdavis@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 15-17 SI SI BP 1975 EP 1979 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.04.024 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 073TG UT WOS:000239764900047 ER PT J AU Hoffer, JK Sheliak, JD Geller, DA Schroen, D Ebey, PS AF Hoffer, J. K. Sheliak, J. D. Geller, D. A. Schroen, D. Ebey, P. S. TI Beta-layering in foam-lined surrogate IFE targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-layering; cryogenic target; foam ID RADIOACTIVELY INDUCED SUBLIMATION; SOLID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM; RADIATION-DRIVEN FOILS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; LASER FUSION; INSTABILITIES; UNIFORM; ICF AB Solid deuterium-trititum (tire symbol DT is used here to represent the equilibrium mixture of 50% deuterium and 50% tritium, having the molecular composition: 25% D-2, 50% deuterium tritide molecules, and 25% T-2) (DT) is nucleated from DT-wetted foam and subsequently forms a uniform layer by the beta-layering phenomenon. Compared to DT frozen on smooth metal surfaces, the surface roughness of the inner-lying pure DT solid-vapor interface is substantially lover at all modal values higher than similar to 10, possibly due to the small-grain-size polycrystalline nature of the solid. For thick layers, deleterious effects are observed, notably the formation of DT-rich vapor voids in the foam matrix and the subsequent propagation of these voids into the pure solid DT layer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hoffer, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hoffer@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 063SB UT WOS:000239038800002 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, S Poulin, F Shoukry, M Afzal, V Rubin, EM Couronne, O Pennacchio, LA AF Prabhakar, Shyam Poulin, Francis Shoukry, Malak Afzal, Veena Rubin, Edward M. Couronne, Olivier Pennacchio, Len A. TI Close sequence comparisons are sufficient to identify human cis-regulatory elements SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTISPECIES CONSERVED SEQUENCES; HUMAN GENOME; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENT; GENE DESERTS; FUGU GENOME; SCL LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ENHANCERS; REGIONS AB Cross-species DNA sequence comparison is the primary method used to identify functional noncoding elements in human and other large genomes. However, little is known about the relative merits of evolutionarily close and distant sequence comparisons. To address this problem, we identified evolutionarily conserved noncoding regions in primate, mammalian, and more distant comparisons using a uniform approach (Gumby) that facilitates unbiased assessment of the impact of evolutionary distance on predictive power. We benchmarked computational predictions against previously identified cis-regulatory elements at diverse genomic loci and also tested numerous extremely conserved human-rodent sequences for transcriptional enhancer activity using an in vivo enhancer assay in transgenic mice. Human regulatory elements were identified with acceptable sensitivity (53%-80%) and true-positive rate (27%-67%) by comparison with one to five other eutherian mammals or six other simian primates. More distant comparisons (marsupial, avian, amphibian, and fish) failed to identify many of the empirically defined functional noncoding elements. Our results highlight the practical utility of close sequence comparisons, and the loss of sensitivity entailed by more distant comparisons. We derived an intuitive relationship between ancient and recent noncoding sequence conservation from whole-genome comparative analysis that explains most of the observations from empirical benchmarking. Lastly, we determined that, in addition to strength of conservation, genomic location and/or density of surrounding conserved elements must also be considered in selecting candidate enhancers for in vivo testing at embryonic time points. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Prabhakar, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SPrabhakar@lbl.gov; LAPennacchio@lbl.gov RI Couronne, Olivier Couronne/G-1244-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066681, HL066681] NR 34 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1101/gr.4717506 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 059DB UT WOS:000238712400005 PM 16769978 ER PT J AU Do Kim, J Hinz, AK Bergmann, A Huang, JM Ovcharenko, I Stubbs, L Kim, J AF Do Kim, J Hinz, AK Bergmann, A Huang, JM Ovcharenko, I Stubbs, L Kim, J TI Identification of clustered YY1 binding sites in imprinting control regions SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YY1; REPRESSIVE HISTONE METHYLATION; ENHANCER-BLOCKING ACTIVITY; GROUP PROTEIN EED; GENE-EXPRESSION; XIST EXPRESSION; CTCF; MECHANISMS; MOUSE; DNA AB Mammalian genomic imprinting is regulated by imprinting control regions (ICRs) that are usually associated with tandem arrays of transcription factor binding sites. In this study, the sequence features derived from a tandem array of YY1 binding sites of Peg3-DMR (differentially methylated region) led us to identify three additional clustered YY1 binding sites, which are also localized within the DMRs of Xist, Tsix, and Nespas. These regions have been shown to play a critical role as ICRs for the regulation of surrounding genes. These ICRs have maintained a tandem array of YY1 binding sites during mammalian evolution. The in vivo binding of YY1 to these regions is allele specific and only to the unmethylated active alleles. Promoter/ enhancer assays suggest that a tandem array of YY1 binding sites function as a potential orientation-dependent enhancer. Insulator assays revealed that the enhancer-blocking activity is detected only in the YY1 binding sites of Peg3-DMR but not in the YY1 binding sites of other DMRs. Overall, our identification of three additional clustered YY1 binding sites in imprinted domains suggests a significant role for YY1 in mammalian genomic imprinting. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr BioModular Multi Scale Syst, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr BioModular Multi Scale Syst, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jkim@lsu.edu OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 45 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 901 EP 911 DI 10.1101/gr.5091406 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 059DB UT WOS:000238712400010 ER PT J AU Lal, D Charles, C Vacher, L Goswami, JN Jull, AJT McHargue, L Finkel, RC AF Lal, D. Charles, C. Vacher, L. Goswami, J. N. Jull, A. J. T. McHargue, L. Finkel, R. C. TI Paleo-ocean chemistry records in marine opal: Implications for fluxes of trace elements, cosmogenic nuclides (Be-10 and Al-26), and biological productivity SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VOSTOK ICE-CORE; LAST GLACIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PACIFIC SECTOR; DEEP-SEA; IRON; SILICA; BERYLLIUM; DIATOMS AB Here, we provide evidence suggesting that marine (diatom) opal contains not only a high fidelity record of dissolved oceanic concentrations of cosmic ray-produced radionuclides, Be-10 and Al-26, but also a record of temporal variations in a large number of trace elements such as Ti, Fe, Zn and Mn. This finding is derived from measurements in purified biogenic opal that can be separated from detrital materials using a newly developed technique based on surface charge characteristics. Initial results from a sediment core taken near the present-day position of the Antarctic Polar Front (ODP Site 1093) show dramatic changes in the intrinsic concentrations of, Be, Al, Ti, Fe, Mn and Zn in the opal assemblages during the past similar to 140 kyr BP. The results imply appreciable climatically controlled fluctuations in the level of bioreactive trace elements. The time series of total Be. Al, Ti, Fe and 10Be in the sediment core are all well correlated with each other and with dust records in the polar ice cores. The observations suggest that a significant flux of these trace metals to oceans is contributed by the aeolian dust, in this case, presumably from the Patagonia. This observation also allows determination of fluxes of dust-contributed Be-10 to the Antarctica ice sheets. However. our data show that the relationships among the various metals are not perfectly linear. During periods of higher dissolved concentrations of trace elements (indicated by Fe and Ti) the relative concentrations of bioreactive elements, Be, Al, Mn and Zn are decreased. By contrast. the Fe/Zn and Fe/Mn ratios decrease significantly during each transition from cold to warm periods. The relative behavior could be consistent with any of the following processes: (i) enhanced biological productivity due to greater supply of the bioreactive elements (e.g. Zn) during cold periods (ii) increased biological and inorganic scavenging of particle active elements (e.g. Be and Al) during early interglacial periods (iii) differential uptake/removal of the metals by the various diatom taxa whose relative productivity or growth rate changes with large scale climate. In any case. with one sedimentary phase and in single sedimentary sections, we now have the potential to compare directly a proxy for aeolian input of micronutrients (e.g. Fe or Ti), with a proxy for production (e.g. Al-26/Al ratios). We expect that studies of the temporal records of trace elements and cosmogenic nuclides in contrasting regions of upwelling and productivity, which exhibit different sensitivities to global climate fluctuations and micronutrient inputs, would lead to a direct and comprehensive test of ideas such as the hypothesis of iron control of atmospheric carbon dioxide [Martin, J.H., 1990. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5, 1-13]. Our present data from a single site do not show that increases in dissolved Fe concentrations, per se, were responsible for increased biological productivity. However, a much clearer picture of the effect of increased dust fluxes should emerge when we have data for trace elements and the cosmogenic nuclides, 10Be and 26 Al from various oceanic provinces. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Phys Res Lab, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona, AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lal, D (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dlal@ucsd.edu NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 13 BP 3275 EP 3289 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.004 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 062SS UT WOS:000238965400005 ER PT J AU Hagerty, JJ Shearer, CK Vaniman, DT AF Hagerty, Justin J. Shearer, Charles K. Vaniman, David T. TI Heat-producing elements in the lunar mantle: Insights from ion microprobe analyses of lunar pyroclastic glasses SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PROCELLARUM KREEP TERRANE; MARE BASALTS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL-MODEL; TRACE-ELEMENTS; VOLCANIC GLASS; MOON; EARTH AB We provide new estimates for the abundance of heat-producing elements in the lunar mantle by using SIMS techniques to measure the concentrations of thorium and samarium in lunar pyroclastic glasses. Lunar pyroclastic classes are utilized in this study because they represent quenched products of near-primary melts from the lunar mantle and as such, they provide compositional information about the mantle itself. Thorium and samarium were measured because: (1) Th is not significantly fractionated from Sm during partial melting of the pyroclastic glass source regions, which are dominated by olivine and pyroxene. Therefore. the Th/Sm ratios that we measure in the pyroclastic glasses reflect the Th/Sm ratio of the pyroclastic glass source regions. (2) Strong correlations between Th, U. and K on the Moon allow us to use measured Th concentrations to estimate the concentrations of U and K in the pyroclastic glasses. (3) Th. Sm, U, and K are radioactive elements and as such, their concentrations can be used to investigate heat production in the lunar mantle. The results from this study show that the lunar mantle is heterogeneous with respect to heat-producing elements and that there is evidence for mixing of a KREEP component into the source regions of some of the pyroclastic glasses. Because the source regions for many of the glasses are deep (>= 400 km), we propose that a KREEP component was transported to the deep lunar mantle. KREEP enriched sources produce 138% more heat than sources that do not contain KREEP and therefore, could have provided a source of heat for extended periods of nearside basaltic magmatism. Data from this study, in conjunction with models for the fractional crystallization of a lunar magma ocean, are used to show that the average lunar mantle contains 0.15 ppm Th, 0.54 ppm Sm, 0.039 ppm U, and 212 ppm K. This is a greater enrichment in radiogenic elements than some earlier estimates. suggesting a more prolonged impact of radiogenic heat on nearside basaltic volcanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteoritics, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hagerty, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jhagerty@lanl.gov NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 13 BP 3457 EP 3476 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.013 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 062SS UT WOS:000238965400018 ER PT J AU Hartleb, RD Dolan, JF Kozaci, O Akyuz, HS Seitz, GG AF Hartleb, Ross D. Dolan, James F. Kozaci, Ozgur Akyuz, H. Serdar Seitz, Gordon G. TI A 2500-yr-long paleoseismologic record of large, infrequent earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault at Cukurcimen, Turkey SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE North Anatolian fault; paleoseismology; active tectonics; earthquake occurrence; San Andreas fault ID 17 AUGUST 1999; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; SLIP; IZMIT; ZONE; CALIBRATION; DYNAMICS; FEATURES; SEGMENT AB Paleoseismologic trenches excavated across the North Anatolian fault near the village of Cukurcimen in north-central Turkey yield a complete record of surface ruptures for the past 2500 yr. The trenches provide mutually consistent evidence for the timing of the five most recent surface ruptures at the site, as well as at least two older events. These are interpreted as: (1) the historic 1939 M(w) 7.9 earthquake; (2) the historic 1254 A.D. earthquake; (3) the historic 1045 A.D. earthquake; (4) an earthquake that probably occurred late in the interval between 250 and 540 A.D., possibly the historic 499 A.D. earthquake; and (5) an earthquake that occurred sometime between 770 and 50 B.C. (and probably between 230 and 50 B.C.). One additional earthquake occurred sometime between 1450 and 800 B.C., and at least one other surface rupture occurred between 2880 and 200 B.C., but the stratigraphic section at the site was not completely exposed for sediments older than similar to 2500 yr. As a result, it is unclear whether the oldest event horizons represent a single earthquake, or multiple events. Our findings, when coupled with other published results and the historical record, enable us to construct a space-time history of earthquakes along the North Anatolian fault. The most striking aspects of this analysis are: (1) the rarity of earthquakes at any given place along the fault, suggesting that the fault typically ruptures in large, infrequent events; (2) earthquake occurrence is relatively temporally regular, with inter-event times that range from similar to 200 to < 900 yr, and vary by a factor of only 3-4; and (3) almost the entire length of the North Anatolian fault ruptured in short-lived clusters of activity in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries and in the tenth to twelfth centuries, similar to the twentieth-century sequence. The magnitude and sequence of the individual ruptures, however, have varied considerably between clusters. Moreover, the paleoseismologic and historical data indicate that the North Anatolian fault does not always rupture in sequences similar to the twentieth-century cluster. These results suggest that the relatively regular recurrence of rare, large-magnitude earthquakes may be the expected mode of earthquake occurrence on mature strike-slip faults in settings where such faults are structurally isolated from other major seismic sources. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geol, TR-80626 Maslak, Turkey. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartleb, RD (reprint author), William Lettis & Associates Inc, 28470 Ave,Stanford 120, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. EM hartleb@earth.usc.edu NR 41 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 7-8 BP 823 EP 840 DI 10.1130/B25838.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058XO UT WOS:000238698100004 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Fayek, M Elam, JM AF Anovitz, Lawrence M. Riciputi, Lee R. Cole, David R. Fayek, Mostafa Elam, J. Michael TI Obsidian hydration: A new paleothermometer SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE obsidian; hydration; secondary ion mass spectronietry; Pachuca; Basin of Mexico; paleoclimate; paleotemperature ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MEXICO; PACHUCA; DIFFUSION AB The natural hydration of obsidian was first proposed as a dating technique for young geological and archaeological specimens by Friedman and Smith (1960), who noted that the thickness of the hydrated layer on obsidian artifacts increases with time. This approach is, however, sensitive to temperature and humidity under earth-surface conditions. This has made obsidian hydration dating more difficult, but potentially provides a unique tool for paleoclimatic reconstructions. In this paper we present the first successful application of this approach, based on combining laboratory-based experimental calibrations with archaeological samples from the Chalco site in the Basin of Mexico, dated using stratigraphically correlated C-14 results and measuring hydration depths by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The resultant data suggest, first, that this approach is viable, even given the existing uncertainties, and that a cooling trend occurred in the Basin of Mexico over the past 1450 yr, a result corroborated by other paleoclimatic data. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Anovitz, LM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1130/G22326.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 058XM UT WOS:000238697900002 ER PT J AU Valentine, GA Harrington, CD AF Valentine, GA Harrington, CD TI Clast size controls and longevity of Pleistocene desert pavements at Lathrop Wells and Red Cone volcanoes, southern Nevada SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desert pavement; soil; scoria; eolian; geomorphology ID MOJAVE-DESERT; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; CALIFORNIA; FIELD; SURFACE; AGE; SOILS AB Formation of desert pavement and accretionary soils are intimately linked in and environments. Well-sorted fallout scoria lapilli at Lathrop Wells (75-80 ka) and Red Cone (ca. 1 Ma) volcanoes (southern Nevada) formed an excellent parent material for pavement, allowing infiltration of eolian silt and fine sand that first clogged the pore space of underlying tephra and then aggraded and developed vesicular A (Av) horizons. Variations in original pyroclast sizes provide insight into minimum and maximum clast sizes that promote pavement and soil formation: pavement becomes ineffective when clasts can saltate under the strongest winds, while clasts larger than coarse lapilli are unable to form an interlocking pavement that promotes silt accumulation (necessary for Av development). Contrary to predictions that all pavements above altitudes of similar to 400 m would have been reset in their development after late Pleistocene vegetation advances, the soils and pavements show clear differences in maturity between the two volcanoes. This indicates that either the pavements and/or soils develop slowly over many tens of thousands of years and then are very stable, or, if they are disrupted by vegetation advances, subsequent pavements are re-established with successively more mature characteristics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valentine, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gav@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1130/G22481.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 058XM UT WOS:000238697900006 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Hovorka, SD Gunter, WD Knauss, KG Freifeld, BM AF Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Hovorka, SD Gunter, WD Knauss, KG Freifeld, BM TI Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 storage; global warming; basinal formation water; chemical composition of fluid; Frio Formation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEQUESTRATION; SURFACE AB To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t Of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-in-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-CaCl-type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) at near saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions. Following CO2 breakthrough, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5-5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100-3000 mg/L as HCO3) and Fe (30-1100 mg/L), and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and CH4. Geochemical modeling indicates that brine pH would have dropped lower but for the buffering by dissolution of carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. This rapid dissolution of carbonate and other minerals could ultimately create pathways in the rock seals or well cements for CO2 and brine leakage. Dissolution of minerals, especially iron oxyhydroxides, could mobilize toxic trace metals and, where residual oil or suitable organics are present, the injected CO2 could also mobilize toxic organic compounds. Environmental impacts could be major if large brine volumes with mobilized toxic metals and organics migrated into potable groundwater. The 8180 values for brine and CO2 samples indicate that supercritical CO2 comprises similar to 50% of pore-fluid volume similar to 6 mo after the end of injection. Postinjection sampling, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicates that the brine gradually will return to its preinjection composition. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Alberta Res Council, Edmonton, AB T6N 1E4, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-427,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 12 TC 248 Z9 259 U1 11 U2 105 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 7 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1130/G22357.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 058XM UT WOS:000238697900017 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Lee, KH AF Kim, HJ Lee, KH TI Electromagnetic fields in a non-uniform steel-cased borehole SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article AB Since most oil wells are cased in steel, electromagnetic (EM) signals undergo severe attenuation as they diffuse across the casing. This paper examines an effect of non-uniform casing properties on EM fields measured in a steel-cased well embedded in a layered formation. We use a finite-element method for computing secondary azimuthal electric fields in a cylindrically symmetric model, and analytically obtain primary fields for a homogeneous casing in a homogeneous whole space. Although steel casing largely masks EM signals induced into a layered formation, the induced signal is more pronounced in phase than in amplitude. The effect of casing non-uniformity is quite large in measured fields but is highly localized. When electrical conductivity varies rapidly in the casing wall, the resulting EM fields also vary rapidly. A cross-correlation function of these variations has strong peaks at two points, the interval between them being equal to the source-receiver distance. The high-frequency coherent noise event caused by the non-uniform casing can be greatly suppressed by low-pass filtering to enhance EM signals indicating formation conductivity. C1 Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Earnest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM hejkim@pknu.ac.kr NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00545.x PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 059QY UT WOS:000238748500005 ER PT J AU Benoit, MH Nyblade, AA Pasyanos, ME AF Benoit, Margaret H. Nyblade, Andrew A. Pasyanos, Michael E. TI Crustal thinning between the Ethiopian and East African plateaus from modeling Rayleigh wave dispersion SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AFRICA; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; MIDDLE-EAST; RIFT; BENEATH; KENYA; TOMOGRAPHY; TANZANIA; GRAVITY; REGION AB [1] A 500-km wide region separating the East African and Ethiopian plateaus is one of the few places within the African Superswell with elevations below 1 km. The region encompasses much of southeastern Sudan and northern Kenya and experienced both Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting. Crustal and uppermost mantle structure is investigated in the region by modeling Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. Modeling results give Sn velocities of 4.1-4.3 km/s and average crustal thickness of 25 +/- 5 km, some 10-15 km thinner than the crust beneath the East African and Ethiopian Plateaus. The isostatic response from 10 to 15 km of crustal thinning is sufficient to account for the low elevations between the plateaus. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Benoit, MH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mbenoit@geosc.psu.edu RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 13 AR L13301 DI 10.1029/2006GL025687 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 062IN UT WOS:000238937900001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EC Marfurt, KJ Lacazette, A Ammerman, M AF Sullivan, E. Charlotte Marfurt, Kurt J. Lacazette, Alfred Ammerman, Mike TI Application of new seismic attributes to collapse chimneys in the Fort Worth Basin SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORDOVICIAN ELLENBURGER GROUP; CENTRAL TEXAS AB Three-dimensional seismic volumes from the central Fort Worth Basin display roughly circular collapse chimneys that extend vertically about 800 m from the Ordovician Ellenburger Formation to the Atokan (middle Pennsylvanian) Caddo Limestone. Collapse chimneys in carbonates may be caused by subaerial karst, hydrothermal, or tectonic extensional processes. We use 3D multitrace geometric attributes including coherence, volumetric curvature, and energy-weighted, coherent amplitude gradients to investigate details of the origin of these structures. The Ordovician Ellenburger surface resembles a subaerial karst landscape of cockpits, do-lines, and frying-pan valleys, while resistivity-based wireline image logs record 50 m of karst breccia facies. However, images from coherence and long-wavelength most-positive and most-negative-curvature volumes show many of the 800-m collapse features are associated with basement faults or with subtle Pennsylvanian and younger tectonic features, rather than with intra-Ellenburger collapse. We hypothesize that although the Ellenburger surface does contain a subaerial karst overprint, the first-order control on the formation of the vertically extensive collapse chimneys is bottoms-up tectonic-induced extensional collapse. Although these collapse chimneys have been affected by burial fluid diagenesis, the main consequence of burial fluid flow may be limited to the documented cementation of macrofractures. The apparent dominance of tectonic extension processes over subaerial karst and hydrothermal processes has basinwide implications for distribution of fractures, late-stage cements, and reservoir development and compartmentalization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Houston, Allied Geophys Labs, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Nat Franctures Com LLC, Houston, TX 77019 USA. Devon Energy Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA. RP Sullivan, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charlotte.sullivan@pnl.gov; kmarfurt@uh.edu; alfred_lacazette@naturalfractures.com; mike.ammerman@dvn.com NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 4 BP B111 EP B119 DI 10.1190/1.2216189 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 085XK UT WOS:000240637500007 ER PT J AU Gerstoft, P Sabra, KG Roux, P Kuperman, WA Fehler, MC AF Gerstoft, Peter Sabra, Karim G. Roux, Philippe Kuperman, W. A. Fehler, Michael C. TI Green's functions extraction and surface-wave tomography from microseisms in southern California SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 75th Annual International Meeting of the Society-of-Exploration-Geophysicists CY NOV 06-11, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP Soc Explorat Geophysicists ID NOISE CROSS-CORRELATION; AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; EMERGENCE; FIELDS AB We use crosscorrelations of seismic noise data from 151 stations in southern California to extract the group velocities of surface waves between the station pairs for the purpose of determining the surface-wave velocity structure. We developed an automated procedure for estimating the Green's functions and subsequent tornographic inversion from the 11,325 station pairs based on the characteristics of the noise field. We eliminate specific events by a procedure that does not introduce any spurious spectral distortion in the band of interest, 0.05-0.2 Hz. Further, we only used the emerging arrival structure above a threshold signal-to-noise ratio. The result is that mostly station pairs with their axes oriented toward the sea are used, consistent with the noise having a microseism origin. Finally, it is the time derivative of the correlation function that is actually related to the Green's function. The emergence of the time-domain Green's function is proportional to the square root of the recording time and inversely proportional to the square root of the distance between stations. The tomographic inversion yields a surface-wave velocity map that compares favorably with more conventional and elaborate experimental procedures. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gerstoft, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gerstoft@ucsd.edu; ksabra@mpl.ucsd.edu; wa@mpl.ucsd.edu; fehler@lanl.gov RI Gerstoft, Peter/B-2842-2009; roux, philippe/B-8538-2014; OI Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X NR 25 TC 71 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 4 SU S BP SI23 EP SI31 DI 10.1190/1.2210607 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 088HC UT WOS:000240801800004 ER PT J AU Illman, WA Tartakovsky, DM AF Illman, Walter A. Tartakovsky, Daniel M. TI Asymptotic analysis of cross-hole hydraulic tests in fractured granite SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PNEUMATIC INJECTION TESTS; SLUG-TEST PARAMETERS; CURVE INTERPRETATION; PUMPING-TEST; SCALE; TUFF; CONDUCTIVITY; ARTIFACT; MEDIA AB Illman and Tartakovsky (2005a, 2005b) developed a new approach for the interpretation of three-dimensional pneumatic well tests conducted in porous or fractured geologic media, which is based on a straight-line analysis of late-time data. We modify this approach to interpret three-dimensional well tests in the saturated zone and use it to analyze the cross-hole hydraulic test data collected in the Full-Scale Engineered Barrier Experiment gallery at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. The equivalent hydraulic conductivity and specific storage obtained from our analysis increase with the radial distance between the centroids of the pumping and monitoring intervals. Since this scale effect is observed from a single test type (cross-hole tests), it is less ambiguous than scale effects typically inferred from laboratory and multiple types of hydraulic tests (e.g., slug, single- and cross-hole tests). The statistical analysis of the estimated hydraulic parameters shows a strong correlation between equivalent hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Illman, WA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM walter-illman@uiowa.edu; dmt@ucsd.edu RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00201.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 058HE UT WOS:000238655300013 PM 16857033 ER PT J AU Straume, T Anspaugh, LR Marchetti, AA Voigt, G Minenko, V Gu, F Men, P Trofimik, S Tretyakevich, S Drozdovitch, V Shagalova, E Zhukova, O Germenchuk, M Berlovich, S AF Straume, T. Anspaugh, L. R. Marchetti, A. A. Voigt, G. Minenko, V. Gu, F. Men, P. Trofimik, S. Tretyakevich, S. Drozdovitch, V. Shagalova, E. Zhukova, O. Germenchuk, M. Berlovich, S. TI Measurement of I-129 and Cs-137 in soils from Belarus and reconstruction of I-131 deposition from the Chernobyl accident SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accidents; power reactor; I-129; Chernobyl; soil ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REPROCESSING PLANT; REACTOR ACCIDENT; DEER THYROIDS; SURFACE SOILS; NUCLEAR; IODINE; RADIOISOTOPES; ENVIRONMENT; SAMPLES AB I-129 and Cs-137 have been measured in a large number of soil samples collected throughout the country of Belarus to support efforts for thyroid-dose reconstruction following the Chernobyl accident. Samples of soil consisting of multiple 30-cm-deep cores per site were sampled following a selection process to ensure sites were undisturbed and representative. Samples were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for I-129, gamma spectrometry for Cs-137, and gas chromatography (GC) for total iodine. Results show that both I-129 and Cs-137 are retained firmly in the top similar to 15 to 20 em of the soil. Our results also suggest that the correlation between I-129 and Cs-137 deposition across the country of Belarus is poor; hence, I-129 is a better surrogate for I-131 than is (CS)-C-137. It was also noted that total iodine concentrations in topsoil from Belarus are low compared with other regions of the world where radiogenic thyroid cancer has been studied. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IAEA, Agcy Labs Seibersdorf, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Res & Clin Inst Radiat Med & Endocrinol, Minsk, Byelarus. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69008 Lyon, France. Republ Ctr Radiat Control & Monitoring Nat Enviro, Minsk, Byelarus. RP Straume, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tstraume@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000184672.67781.a3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 054AC UT WOS:000238346700002 PM 16775475 ER PT J AU Sanchez, R Nortershauser, W Dax, A Ewald, G Gotte, S Kirchner, R Kluge, HJ Kuhl, T Wojtaszek, A Bushaw, BA Drake, GWF Yan, ZC Zimmermann, C Albers, D Behr, J Bricault, P Dilling, J Dombsky, M Lassen, J Levy, CDP Pearson, MR Prime, EJ Ryjkov, V AF Sanchez, Rodolfo Noertershaeuser, Wilfried Dax, Andreas Ewald, Guido Goette, Stefan Kirchner, Reinhard Kluge, H. -Juergen Kuehl, Thomas Wojtaszek, Agnieszka Bushaw, Bruce A. Drake, Gordon W. F. Yan, Zong-Chao Zimmermann, Claus Albers, Daniel Behr, John Bricault, Pierre Dilling, Jens Dombsky, Marik Lassen, Jens Levy, C. D. Phil Pearson, Matthew R. Prime, Erika J. Ryjkov, Vladimir TI Nuclear charge radius of Li-11 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Poznan Workshop on Nuclear Ground and Isomeric State Properties CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2006 CL Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Poznan, POLAND SP AMU, Fac Phys, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Joint Inst Nucl Res HO Adam Mickiewicz Univ DE laser spectroscopy; nuclear charge radius; isotope shift; halo nucleus; lithium AB We have determined the nuclear charge radius of Li-11 by high-precision laser spectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility where the Li-7-Li-11 isotope shift (IS) was measured in the 2s -> 3s electronic transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy with a relative accuracy better than 10(-5). The accuracy for the IS of the other lithium isotopes was also improved. IS's are mainly caused by differences in nuclear mass, but changes in proton distribution also give small contributions. Comparing experimentally measured IS with advanced atomic calculation of purely mass-based shifts, including QED and relativistic effects, allows derivation of the nuclear charge radii. The radii are found to decrease monotonically from Li-6 to Li-9, and then increase with Li-11 about 11% larger than Li-9. These results are a benchmark for the open question as to whether nuclear core excitation by halo neutrons is necessary to explain the large nuclear matter radius of Li-11; thus, the results are compared with a number of nuclear structure models. C1 Gesellsch Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Tri Univ, Meson Facil, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Sanchez, R (reprint author), Gesellsch Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM R.Sanchez@GSI.DE RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Zimmermann, Claus/E-9598-2014; Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s10751-007-9507-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 154GL UT WOS:000245494800018 ER PT J AU Vieira, JCM Freitas, W Huang, Z Xu, W Morelato, A AF Vieira, J. C. M. Freitas, W. Huang, Z. Xu, W. Morelato, A. TI Formulas for predicting the dynamic performance of ROCOF relays for embedded generation applications SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LA English DT Article AB The paper presents a set of formulas for directly predicting the performance of rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) relays used to detect islanding of embedded synchronous generators. The formulas are analytically derived from the dynamic model of the generator and relay. Dynamic simulation results obtained using a representative distribution system confirm the validity and accuracy of the formulas. The formulas presented are a useful tool for protection engineers; they can be used, for example, to assess the effectiveness of anti-islanding schemes based on ROCOF relays, or to assist the selection of relay settings, significantly reducing the number of repeated dynamic simulations necessary to carry out such studies. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Elect Energy Syst, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. RP Vieira, JCM (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Elect Energy Syst, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM walmir@dsee.fee.unicamp.br RI Freitas, Walmir/A-2516-2008; Vieira, Jose Carlos/B-9752-2012 OI Freitas, Walmir/0000-0002-2042-6741; Vieira, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-0732-9453 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2360 J9 IEE P-GENER TRANSM D JI IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1049/ip-gtd:20045205 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 072KA UT WOS:000239671100004 ER PT J AU Forsberg, A Prabhat Haley, G Bragdon, A Levy, J Fassett, CI Shean, D Head, JW Milkovich, S Duchaineau, MA AF Forsberg, Andrew Prabhat Haley, Graff Bragdon, Andrew Levy, Joseph Fassett, Caleb I. Shean, David Head, James W., III Milkovich, Sarah Duchaineau, Mark A. TI Adviser: Immersive field work for planetary geoscientists SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VISUALIZATION; EXPLORATION; MARS AB The Adviser prototype system makes it possible for planetary geologists to conduct virtual field research on remote environments such as Antarctica and Mars. Among Adviser's interactive tools are mission-planning and measurement tools that let researchers generate new data and gain interpretive insights. Five case studies illustrate the system's applications and observed benefits. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Forsberg, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM asf@cs.brown.edu; prabhat@cs.brown.edu; ghaley@cs.brown.edu; Andrew_Bragdon@brown.edu; joseph_levy@brown.edu; Caleb_Fassett@brown.edu; David_Shean@brown.edu; James_Head@brown.edu; Sarah.M.Milkovich@jpl.nasa; duchaine@llnl.gov OI Shean, David/0000-0003-3840-3860; Fassett, Caleb/0000-0001-9155-3804 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1109/MCG.2006.73 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 059VQ UT WOS:000238760700010 PM 16863097 ER PT J AU Lee, AWM Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Lee, Alan W. M. Williams, Benjamin S. Kumar, Sushil Hu, Qing Reno, John L. TI Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and a 320 x 240 microbolometer focal-plane array SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE imaging; quantum cascade laser (QCL); real time; terahertz ID TERAHERTZ; WAVE AB We report the use of a similar to 50-mW peak power 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as an illumination source for real-time imaging with a 320 x 240 element room-temperature microbolometer focal-plane array detector. The QCL is modulated synchronously with the focal-plane array for differential imaging. Signal-to-noise ratios of similar to 340 are achieved at a 20-frame/s acquisition rate, and the optical noise equivalent power of the detector array at 4.3 THz is estimated to be similar to 320 pW/root Hz. Both reflection and transmission mode imaging are demonstrated. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Comp Sci & Res Lab Elect, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, AWM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM awmlee@mit.edu RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 NR 13 TC 147 Z9 153 U1 7 U2 36 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 13-16 BP 1415 EP 1417 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.877220 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 082WL UT WOS:000240417800005 ER PT J AU Li, MW Chiasson, J Bodson, M Tolbert, LM AF Li, Mengwei Chiasson, John Bodson, Marc Tolbert, Leon M. TI A differential-algebraic approach to speed estimation in an induction motor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE differential-algebraic; induction motor; sensorless control; speed estimation AB This note considers a differential-algebraic approach to estimating the speed of an induction motor from the measured terminal voltages and currents. In particular, it is shown that the induction motor speed omega satisfies both a second- and a third-order polynomial equation whose coefficients depend on the stator voltages, stator currents, and their derivatives. It is shown that as long as the stator electrical frequency is nonzero, the speed is uniquely determined by these polynomials. The speed so determined is then used to stabilize a dynamic (Luenberger type) observer to obtain a smoother speed estimate. With full knowledge of the machine parameters and filtering of the sensor noise, simulations indicate that this estimator has the potential to provide low speed (including zero speed) control of an induction motor under full rated load. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, MW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwl@utk.edu; chiasson@ieee.org; bodson@ee.utah.edu; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1172 EP 1177 DI 10.1109/TAC.2006.878775 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 065MK UT WOS:000239163800011 ER PT J AU Edd, JF Horowitz, L Davalos, RV Mir, LM Rubinsky, B AF Edd, JF Horowitz, L Davalos, RV Mir, LM Rubinsky, B TI In vivo results of a new focal tissue ablation technique: Irreversible electroporation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bioheat equation; cancer therapy; electro-permeabilization; finite element analysis; microvascular occlusion ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; LIPID-MEMBRANES; GENE-TRANSFER; LIVER-TUMORS; BLOOD-FLOW; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY; CELL; BREAKDOWN; MODEL; PERMEABILIZATION AB This paper reports results of in vivo experiments that confirm the feasibility of a new minimally invasive method for tissue ablation, irreversible electroporation (IRE). Electroporation is the generation of a destabilizing electric potential across biological membranes that causes the formation of nanoscale defects in the lipid bilayer. In IRE, these defects are permanent and lead to cell death. This paper builds on our earlier theoretical work and demonstrates that IRE can become an effective method for nonthermal tissue ablation requiring no drugs. To test the capability of IRE pulses to ablate tissue in a controlled fashion, we subjected the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats to a single 20-ms-long square pulse of 1000 V/cm, which calculations had predicted would cause nonthermal IRE. Three hours after the pulse, treated areas in perfusion-fixed livers exhibited microvascular occlusion, endothelial cell necrosis, and diapedeses, resulting in ischemic damage to parenchyma and massive pooling of erythrocytes in sinusoids. However, large blood vessel architecture was preserved. Hepatocytes displayed blurred cell borders, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, variable pyknosis and vacuolar degeneration. Mathematical analysis indicates that this damage was primarily nonthermal in nature and that sharp borders between affected and unaffected regions corresponded to electric fields of 300-500 V/cm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, CNRS, UMR 8121, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edd, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jonedd@me.berkeley.edu; rvdaval@sandia.gov; luismir@igr.fr; rubinsky@me.berkeley.edu RI Rubinsky, Boris/B-4439-2010; Davalos, Rafael/F-9012-2011; Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011 OI Rubinsky, Boris/0000-0002-2794-1543; FU NCRR NIH HHS [5R01RR1459] NR 43 TC 212 Z9 225 U1 3 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1409 EP 1415 DI 10.1109/TMBE.2006.873745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 059CT UT WOS:000238711600020 PM 16830945 ER PT J AU Kuehnel, R Theiler, J Wang, YK AF Kuehnel, Richard Theiler, James Wang, Yuke TI Parallel random number generators for sequences uniformly distributed over any range of integers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE cellular automata; parallel processing; random number generation (RNG); stochastic logic circuits AB A VLSI design methodology is proposed for the efficient generation of multiple pseudorandom number sequences based on a simplification of Cauwenberghs' counterpropagation technique. We demonstrate that the counterpropagation of two sequences can be replaced by one propagating and one nonpropagating sequence, requiring as few as half the number of flip-flops, while still allowing new circuits to be added to the system without additional calculations-there is no need to keep track of random starting values, tap combinations, or time shifts.. Moreover we extend our method from multiple bit sequences to multiple random number sequences that are uniformly distributed over any range of integers. In particular we address the more general problem of generating sequences over the range [0, K] where K + 1 is any desired integer, including a power of two or a prime number. To this end we demonstrate that the simple concatenation of random bits to form random bytes is a special case of a more general concept whereby random integers distributed over prime number ranges are concatenated to form random integers distributed over any range. We find that the proposed design compares favorably with design strategies based on cellular automata, both in terms of statistical properties and implementation efficiencies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Eric Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Comp Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Kuehnel, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuehnelr@eucom.mil; jt@lanl.gov; yuke@utdallas.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1496 EP 1505 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2006.877884 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 065UF UT WOS:000239184600009 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Baret, F Privette, JL Myneni, RB Nickeson, JE Garrigues, S Shabanov, NV Weiss, M Fernandes, RA Leblanc, SG Kalacska, M Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA Chubey, M Rivard, B Stenberg, P Rautiainen, M Voipio, P Manninen, T Pilant, AN Lewis, TE Iiames, JS Colombo, R Meroni, M Busetto, L Cohen, WB Turner, DP Warner, ED Petersen, GW Seufert, G Cook, R AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. Baret, Frederic Privette, Jeffrey L. Myneni, Ranga B. Nickeson, Jaime E. Garrigues, Sebastien Shabanov, Nikolay V. Weiss, Marie Fernandes, Richard A. Leblanc, Sylvain G. Kalacska, Margaret Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. Arturo Chubey, Michael Rivard, Benoit Stenberg, Pauline Rautiainen, Miina Voipio, Pekka Manninen, Terhikki Pilant, Andrew N. Lewis, Timothy E. Iiames, John S. Colombo, Roberto Meroni, Michele Busetto, Lorenzo Cohen, Warren B. Turner, David P. Warner, Eric D. Petersen, G. W. Seufert, Guenter Cook, Robert TI Validation of global moderate-resolution LAI products: A framework proposed within the CEOS Land Product Validation subgroup SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS); leaf area index (LAI); validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; LIGHT-INTERCEPTION EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; BOREAL FORESTS; ABSORBED PAR; SIMPLE RATIO; SURFACE; PARAMETERS AB Initiated in 1984, the Committee Earth Observing Satellites' Working Group on Calibration and Validation (CEOS WGCV) pursues activities to coordinate, standardize and advance calibration and validation of civilian satellites and their data. One subgroup of CEOS WGCV, Land Product Validation (LPV), was established in 2000 to define standard validation guidelines and protocols and to foster data and information exchange relevant to the validation of land products. Since then, a number of leaf area index (LAI) products have become available to the science community at both global and regional extents. Having multiple global LAI products and multiple, disparate validation activities related to these products presents the opportunity to realize efficiency through international collaboration. So the LPV subgroup established an international LAI intercomparison validation activity. This paper describes the main components of this international validation effort. The paper documents the current participants, their ground LAI measurements and scaling techniques, and the metadata and infrastructure established to share data. The paper concludes by describing plans for sharing both field data and high-resolution LAI products from each site. Many considerations of this global LAI intercomparison can apply to other products, and this paper presents a framework for such collaboration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INRA, CSE, F-84914 Avignon, France. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Incorp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Alberta, EOSL, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, FIN-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00191 Helsinki, Finland. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, Lab Telerilevamento, I-20126 Milan, Italy. US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeff.morisette@nasa.gov RI Rautiainen, Miina/A-4208-2009; Meroni, Michele/F-2363-2010; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Busetto, Lorenzo/M-1600-2014; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011; OI Weiss, Marie/0000-0002-2341-667X; Rautiainen, Miina/0000-0002-6568-3258; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Busetto, Lorenzo/0000-0001-9634-6038; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997; Kalacska, Margaret/0000-0002-1676-481X NR 73 TC 192 Z9 209 U1 4 U2 47 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1804 EP 1817 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872529 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 061IJ UT WOS:000238864700013 ER PT J AU Schroeder, WJ Bertel, F Malaterre, M Thompson, D Pebay, PP O'Bara, R Tendulkar, S AF Schroeder, WJ Bertel, F Malaterre, M Thompson, D Pebay, PP O'Bara, R Tendulkar, S TI Methods and framework for visualizing higher-order finite elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE finite element; basis function; tessellation; framework AB The finite element method is an important, widely used numerical technique for solving partial differential equations. This technique utilizes basis functions for approximating the geometry and the variation of the solution field over finite regions, or elements, of the domain. These basis functions are generally formed by combinations of polynomials. In the past, the polynomial order of the basis has been low-typically of linear and quadratic order. However, in recent years so-called p and hp methods have been developed, which may elevate the order of the basis to arbitrary levels with the aim of accelerating the convergence of the numerical solution. The increasing complexity of numerical basis functions poses a significant challenge to visualization systems. In the past, such systems have been loosely coupled to simulation packages, exchanging data via file transfer, and internally reimplementing the basis functions in order to perform interpolation and implement visualization algorithms. However, as the basis functions become more complex and, in some cases, proprietary in nature, it becomes increasingly difficult if not impossible to reimplement them within the visualization system. Further, most visualization systems typically process linear primitives, in part to take advantage of graphics hardware and, in part, due to the inherent simplicity of the resulting algorithms. Thus, visualization of higher-order finite elements requires tessellating the basis to produce data compatible with existing visualization systems. In this paper, we describe adaptive methods that automatically tessellate complex finite element basis functions using a flexible and extensible software framework. These methods employ a recursive, edge-based subdivision algorithm driven by a set of error metrics including geometric error, solution error, and error in image space. Further, we describe advanced pretessellation techniques that guarantees capture of the critical points of the polynomial basis. The framework has been designed using the adaptor design pattern, meaning that the visualization system need not reimplement basis functions, rather it communicates with the simulation package via simple programmatic queries. We demonstrate our method on several examples, and have implemented the framework in the open-source visualization system VTK. C1 Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Simmetrix Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. RP Schroeder, WJ (reprint author), Kitware Inc, 28 Corp Dr, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. EM will.schroeder@kitware.com; francois.bertel@kitware.com; mathieu.malaterre@kitware.com; dcthomp@sandia.gov; pppebay@sandia.gov; obara@simmetrix.com; saurabh@simmetrix.com OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 446 EP 460 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.74 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 040PW UT WOS:000237393900004 PM 16805255 ER PT J AU Gyulassy, A Natarajan, V Pascucci, V Bremer, PT Hamann, B AF Gyulassy, A Natarajan, V Pascucci, V Bremer, PT Hamann, B TI A topological approach to simplification of three-dimensional scalar functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE Morse theory; Morse-Smale complexes; computational topology; computational geometry; simplification; multiresolution; feature detection; volumetric data AB This paper describes an efficient combinatorial method for simplification of topological features in a 3D scalar function. The Morse-Smale complex, which provides a succinct representation of a function's associated gradient flow field, is used to identify topological features and their significance. The simplification process, guided by the Morse-Smale complex, proceeds by repeatedly applying two atomic operations that each remove a pair of critical points from the complex. Efficient storage of the complex results in execution of these atomic operations at interactive rates. Visualization of the simplified complex shows that the simplification preserves significant topological features while removing small features and noise. C1 Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA USA. CASC, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aggyulassy@ucdavis.edu; vijayn@ucdavis.edu; pascucci@acm.org; ptbremer@acm.org; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P20 MH60975-06A2] NR 30 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 474 EP 484 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.57 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 040PW UT WOS:000237393900006 PM 16805257 ER PT J AU Johnston, S Ahrenkiel, RK Bhunia, S Bose, DN AF Johnston, S. Ahrenkiel, R. K. Bhunia, S. Bose, D. N. TI Temperature and wavelength dependence of transient photoconductivity in ZnTe SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE zinc telluride; transient photoconductivity; trapping ID LIFETIME AB Transient photoconductivity studies have been carried out between 125-293 K on Zn-annealed p-ZnTe single crystals using a contactless r.f. technique with 532 nm laser pulse excitation. The samples had resistivity of 13.7 ohm-cm with hole concentration 8.42 x 10(15)/cm(3) at 300 K. The decay was characterized by 2 decay times. The faster decay was found to increase from 1 x 10(-6) s at 125 K to reach a maximum of 23 x 10(-6) s at 250 K and then decrease to 20 x 10(-6) s at. 293 K. The decay times observed are attributed to carrier excitation from and trapping due to a shallow donor level at similar to 0.04 eV. When the excitation wavelength was varied from 532 nm to 592 nm, both the signal amplitude and the decay times increased, with surface effects being dominant at shorter wavelengths. The results are compared with steady-state photoconductivity measurements. C1 Univ Calcutta, Univ Sci Instrumentat Ctr, Kolkata 700009, W Bengal, India. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. RP Bose, DN (reprint author), Univ Calcutta, Univ Sci Instrumentat Ctr, Kolkata 700009, W Bengal, India. EM tutubose@yahoo.co.in RI Bhunia, Satyaban/B-4213-2008 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE PI KOLKATA PA INDIAN J PHYSICS, JADAVPUR, KOLKATA 700 032, INDIA SN 0973-1458 EI 0974-9845 J9 INDIAN J PHYS JI Indian J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 7 BP 703 EP 706 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070VY UT WOS:000239555000002 ER PT J AU Meng, QR Gideon, KM Harbo, SJ Renne, RA Lee, MK Brys, AM Jones, R AF Meng, Q. R. Gideon, K. M. Harbo, S. J. Renne, R. A. Lee, M. K. Brys, A. M. Jones, R. TI Gene expression profiling in lung tissues from mice exposed to cigarette smoke, lipopolysaccharide, or smoke plus lipopolysaccharide by inhalation SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXIN; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; INHALED ENDOTOXIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; COPD; EXACERBATIONS; NEUTROPHILS AB The purpose of this study was to investigate whether coexposure to lipopolysacchride (LPS) will heighten the inflammatory response and other pulmonary lesions in mice exposed to cigarette smoke, and thus to evaluate the potential use of this LPS-compromised mouse model as a model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) investigation. AKR/J male mice were exposed to HEPA-filtered air (sham control group), cigarette smoke (smoke group), LPS (LPS group), or smoke plus LPS (smoke-LPS group) by nose-only inhalation. Lungs were collected at the end of the 3-wk exposure and processed for microarray analysis. Clustering and network analysis showed decreased heat-shock response and chaperone activity, increased immune and inflammatory response, and increased mitosis in all three exposed groups. Two networks/function modules were exclusively found in the smoke-LPS group, that is, the downregulated muscle development/muscle contraction process and the upregulated reactive oxygen species production process. Notably, the number of genes and function modules/networks associated with inflammation was reduced in the smoke-LPS group compared to the LPS group. The most upregulated gene in the smoke group, MMP12, is a matrix metalloproteinase that preferentially degrades elastin and has been implicated in COPD development. NOXO1, which was upregulated in all three treatment groups, positively regulates the expression of a subunit of NADPH oxidase (NOX1), a major source of reactive oxygen species, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Serum amyloid A1, which is an acute-phase systemic inflammation marker and can be induced by LPS exposure, was significantly upregulated in the LPS and smoke-LPS groups. MARCO, a scavenger receptor expressed in macrophages that may play a significant role in LPS-induced inflammatory response, was upregulated in the LPS group and the smoke-LPS group, but not in the smoke group. In conclusion, gene expression profiling identified genes and function modules that may be related to COPD pathogenesis and may be useful as biomarkers to monitor COPD progression. In addition, an LPS-compromised mouse model showed potential as a useful tool for studying cigarette smoke-associated COPD. C1 Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Aberdeen, MD USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Meng, QR (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mengq@battelle.org NR 37 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 555 EP 568 DI 10.1080/08958370600686226 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 045GB UT WOS:000237729500005 PM 16717027 ER PT J AU Jiang, HJ Rao, LF Zhang, ZC Rai, DP AF Jiang, Huijian Rao, Linfeng Zhang, Zhicheng Rai, Dhanpat TI Characterization and oxidation of chromium(III) by sodium hypochlorite in alkaline solutions SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE oxidation; chromium(III); oligomerization; reaction rate; hypochlorite ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS; HYDROXIDE; KINETICS; ION AB Chromium exists in nuclear waste sludges and is a problematic element in the vitrification process of high-level nuclear wastes. It is therefore necessary to treat the waste sludges to remove chromium prior to vitrification, by caustic leaching or oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of oligomerization of Cr(III) on its oxidation by hypochlorite in alkaline solutions. Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric Cr(III) species in solution were separated by ion exchange. The kinetics of the oxidation of the separated species by hypochlorite in alkaline solutions was studied by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and compared with the oxidation by hydrogen peroxide previously studied. Results indicate that hypochlorite can oxidize Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in alkaline solutions, but the rate of oxidation by hypochlorite is slower than that by hydrogen peroxide at the same alkalinity and concentrations of oxidants. The rate of oxidation of Cr(III) by both oxidants decreases as the concentration of sodium hydroxide is increased, but the oxidation by hypochlorite seems less affected by the degree of oligomerization of Cr(III) than that by peroxide. Compared with the oxidation by hydrogen peroxide where the major reaction pathway has an inverse order with respect to C-NaOH, the oxidation by hypochlorite has a significant reaction pathway independent of [OH-]. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov RI Zhang, Zhicheng/B-3887-2010 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 359 IS 10 BP 3237 EP 3242 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2006.03.035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 061MS UT WOS:000238877200018 ER PT J AU Petrova, AE Stishov, SM AF Petrova, A. E. Stishov, S. M. TI Low-temperature high-pressure electrical leads in a compressed-helium medium SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A method of sealing electrical leads into a high-pressure cell operating at low temperatures in a compressed-helium medium is described. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Moscow 142190, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrova, AE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Moscow 142190, Russia. EM apetrova@hppi.troitsk.ru NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 592 EP 593 DI 10.1134/S0020441206040269 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 072XQ UT WOS:000239706800026 ER PT J AU Zapperi, S Nukala, PKVV AF Zapperi, Stefano Nukala, Phani Kumar V. V. TI Fracture statistics in the three-dimensional random fuse model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fracture CY MAR 20-25, 2005 CL Torino, ITALY SP Italian Govt, Minist Infrastructures Transport, Natl Sci Fdn, Italy DE disorder; fracture; random fuse model; size effect; strength distribution ID ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; FLAW POPULATIONS; NETWORKS; FAILURE; FIBERS; MEDIA; DISORDER; SYSTEMS AB We present numerical simulations for the fracture of the three dimensional random fuse model. The damage accumulated prior to fracture follows a Gaussian distribution, suggesting the absence of long-range correlations. The strength distribution is found to be Lognormal with a logarithmic size effect for the average strength. We relate this result with the distribution of damage clusters. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, CNR, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, SMC, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zapperi, S (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, CNR, INFM, P A Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM Zapperi@pil.phys.uniromal.it RI Zapperi, Stefano/C-9473-2009 OI Zapperi, Stefano/0000-0001-5692-5465 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 EI 1573-2673 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10704-005-4659-3 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 111FQ UT WOS:000242437200009 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Mardinly, J Kubel, C Nelson, C Kisielowski, C AF Yang, Qing Mardinly, John Kuebel, Christian Nelson, Chris Kisielowski, Christian TI Electron tomography of microelectronic device interconnects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electron tomography; double-tilt; single-tilt; Cu interconnect ID RECONSTRUCTION; ALIGNMENT; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SERIES AB As the dimensions of microelectronic devices continue to decrease, single transmission electron microscopy images are not able to properly represent the 3D structures when the structure's curvature is comparable to the sample thickness. Electron tomography was used to study cylindrical vias coated with Ta-barrier layers and Cu-seed layers in 3D. Tomography reconstructions from both bright field images and high angle annular dark field images are presented. Fidelity of the reconstruction from single-axis and dual-axis tilt series is compared. Strategies for improving the fidelity of the reconstruction and making electron tomography practically applicable for device failure analysis of microelectronic industry are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Mocroscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Fraunhofer IFAM, Bremen, Germany. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Mocroscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CFKisielowski@lbl.gov RI Kubel, Christian/A-1720-2009; OI Kuebel, Christian/0000-0001-5701-4006 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 BP 880 EP 884 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 075WL UT WOS:000239916700004 ER PT J AU Williams, D Gorham, P Guillian, E Milincic, R Miocinovic, P Saltzberg, D Williams, D Field, RC Iverson, R Odian, A Walz, D Resch, G Schoessow, P AF Williams, D. Gorham, P. Guillian, E. Milincic, R. Miocinovic, P. Saltzberg, D. Williams, D. Field, R. C. Iverson, R. Odian, A. Walz, D. Resch, G. Schoessow, P. TI Radio signals from photon beams in sand and salt SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detectioon Activities CY MAY 17-19, 2005 CL Zeuthen, GERMANY ID NEUTRINO DETECTION; EMISSION; SHOWERS; CHARGE; PULSES AB In this paper I describe the setup and results of two beamtests which demonstrated the existence and properties of the Askar'yan effect in sand and salt. We observed coherence, 100% linear polarization, and field strength in agreement with simulations. We also demonstrated the possibility of tracking the shower direction with polarization information. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1142/S0217751X06033325 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 076WG UT WOS:000239988200007 ER PT J AU Klopper, W Manby, FR Ten-No, S Valeev, EF AF Klopper, Wim Manby, Frederick R. Ten-No, Seiichiro Valeev, Edward F. TI R12 methods in explicitly correlated molecular electronic structure theory SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; DENSITY FITTING APPROXIMATIONS; 2ND-ORDER CORRELATION ENERGIES; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; HELIUM-DIMER HE-2; MULTIREFERENCE CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; ELECTRICAL RESPONSE PROPERTIES AB The past few years have seen a particularly rich period in the development of the explicitly correlated R12 theories of electron correlation. These theories bypass the slow convergence of conventional methods, by augmenting the traditional orbital expansions with a small number of terms that depend explicitly on the interelectronic distance r(12). Amongst the very numerous discoveries and developments that we will review here, two stand out as being of particular interest. First, the fundamental numerical approximations of the R12 methods withstand the closest scrutiny: Kutzelnigg's use of the resolution of the identity and the generalized Brillouin condition to avoid many-electronic integrals remains sound. Second, it transpires that great gains in accuracy can be made by changing the dependence on the interelectronic coordinate from linear ( r(12)) to some suitably chosen short-range form (e.g., exp (-alpha r(12))). Modern R12 ( or F12) methods can deliver MP2 energies ( and beyond) that are converged to chemical accuracy ( 1 kcal/mol) in triple- or even double-zeta basis sets. Using a range of approximations, applications to large molecules become possible. Here, the major developments in the field are reviewed, and recommendations for future directions are presented. By comparing with commonly used extrapolation techniques, it is shown that modern R12 methods can deliver high accuracy dramatically faster than by using conventional methods. C1 Univ Karlsruhe TH, Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Phys Chem, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Chem Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klopper, W (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe TH, Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM klopper@chem-bio.uni-karlsruhe.de RI Manby, Frederick/E-8671-2011; Valeyev, Eduard/A-5313-2009; Klopper, Wim/I-3163-2014 OI Valeyev, Eduard/0000-0001-9923-6256; Klopper, Wim/0000-0002-5219-9328 NR 227 TC 288 Z9 289 U1 7 U2 54 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 427 EP 468 DI 10.1080/01442350600799921 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 063EK UT WOS:000238999100005 ER PT J AU Howitt, I Manges, WW Kuruganti, PT Allgood, G Gutierrez, JA Conrad, JM AF Howitt, I Manges, WW Kuruganti, PT Allgood, G Gutierrez, JA Conrad, JM TI Wireless industrial sensor networks: Framework for QoS assessment and QoS management SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE quality of service; wireless; industrial networks; interference ID WLAN AB This paper presents a framework that addresses Quality of Service (QoS) for industrial wireless sensor networks as a real-time measurable set of parameters within the context of feedback control. thereby facilitating QoS management. This framework is based on examining the interaction between the industrial control processes and the wireless network. Control theory is used to evaluate the impact of the control/communication interaction, providing a methodology for defining, measuring, and quantifying QoS requirements. An example is presented illustrating the wireless industrial sensor network (WISN) QoS management framework for providing dynamic QoS control within WISN. The example focuses on WISN operating in a time-varying RF interference environment in order to manage application-driven QoS latency constraints. (c) 2006 ISA-The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept ECE, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Extreme Measurement Commun Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eaton Corp, Embedded Syst & Commun, Milwaukee, WI 53216 USA. RP Howitt, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept ECE, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU I S A-THE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS AUTOMATION SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0019-0578(07)60217-1 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 058XP UT WOS:000238698200004 PM 16856632 ER PT J AU Hodge, A Meyers, M AF Hodge, Andrea Meyers, Marc TI Biological materials science in the TMS world SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hodge, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2006 VL 58 IS 7 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0135-4 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 062ER UT WOS:000238927900004 ER PT J AU Seal, S Dahotre, NB AF Seal, Sudipta Dahotre, Narendra B. TI Surface design and effects in biological environment SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Seal, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2006 VL 58 IS 7 BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0141-6 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 062ER UT WOS:000238927900010 ER PT J AU Ajo-Franklin, JB Geller, JT Harris, JM AF Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B. Geller, Jil T. Harris, Jerry M. TI A survey of the geophysical properties of chlorinated DNAPLs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE DNAPL; GPR; dielectric properties; seismic measurements ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; ABSOLUTE HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; STATIC DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ULTRASONIC VELOCITIES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; 303.15 K; ADIABATIC COMPRESSIBILITIES AB Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) are a family of fluids often encountered as industrial contaminants. Some of the most problematic DNAPLs are chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). While many DNAPLs have been extensively studied from a hydrology perspective, documentation of DNAPL properties relevant to geophysical detection is far from complete. We present a short survey of acoustic velocity, density, and dielectric constant measurements for an important subset of commonly encountered dense chlorinated contaminants. Viscosity and surface tension data are included to allow exploration of contaminant signatures within the context of poroelastic or contact theory models. Where available, the temperature dependence of solvent properties are also provided. Densities for the listed DNAPLs range from 1253 to 1622 kg/m(3) at 20 degrees C. All are effectively non-polar with dielectric constants between 2.2 and 10.9 and have relatively low compressional wave velocities ranging from 938 to 1217 m/s. We conclude with documentation of a small collection of recent experiments investigating the properties of soils partially saturated with similar fluids. Current laboratory evidence demonstrates that DNAPLs can produce changes in geophysically measurable properties. We hope that this survey will facilitate further studies of the feasibility and effectiveness of geophysical techniques for detection of DNAPLs in the subsurface. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Earth Resources Lab, E34-566,42 Carleton St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ajo-Franklin, JB (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Earth Resources Lab, E34-566,42 Carleton St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM jfrank@erl.mit.edu; JTGeller@lbl.gov; harris@pangea.stanford.edu RI Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/G-7169-2015; OI Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/0000-0002-6666-4702 NR 114 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 EI 1879-1859 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 3 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.10.002 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 061PU UT WOS:000238885500001 ER PT J AU Cerreta, E Gray, GT Lawson, AC Mason, TA Morris, CE AF Cerreta, E. Gray, G. T., III Lawson, A. C. Mason, T. A. Morris, C. E. TI The influence of oxygen content on the alpha to omega phase transformation and shock hardening of titanium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSTITIAL SOLUTES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PEAK PRESSURE; STRAIN-RATE; ZIRCONIUM; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; STRESS; METALS AB In this study the influence of alloy chemistry on the propensity of omega phase formation in two titanium alloys during shock loading is examined. The effect of peak shock stress on the phase stability and substructural evolution of high purity and A-70 (3700 ppm oxygen) titanium was probed utilizing velocity interferometer system for any reflector and post shock substructural analysis. While in the high purity titanium the alpha to omega phase transformation was found to occur at 10.4 GPa, no transformation was observed in the A-70 material for stresses up to 35 GPa. Transmission electron microscopy analysis and neutron diffraction of shock-recovered samples confirmed these results and probed the details of twin and dislocation structures. Debye temperature data are also presented and the Debye-Waller temperatures for the alpha and omega phases in the high purity titanium are calculated. Finally, the compressive, quasistatic reload behaviors of both high purity and A-70 titanium are compared to the as-annealed counterparts at comparable strains and discussed in terms of the phase transformation and the shock-induced defect generation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cerreta, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ecerreta@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 013530 DI 10.1063/1.2209540 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400047 ER PT J AU Chang, JB Liu, V Subramanian, V Sivula, K Luscombe, C Murphy, A Liu, JS Frechet, JMJ AF Chang, Josephine B. Liu, Vincent Subramanian, Vivek Sivula, Kevin Luscombe, Christine Murphy, Amanda Liu, Jinsong Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Printable polythiophene gas sensor array for low-cost electronic noses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM-TRANSISTORS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CIRCUITS; AIR AB A route for generating arrays of printable polythiophene-based gas sensor materials suitable for low-cost manufacturing is demonstrated. Materials with complementary sensor responses are synthesized by incorporating functional groups into the molecule, either along the polymer backbone or as end-capping groups. Using these materials as printable sensor inks, a functional, integrated gas sensor array chip is fabricated using additive deposition techniques. The sensor array shows sensitivity to a range of volatile organic compounds down to concentrations of 10 ppm. A three-terminal thin film transistor structure is used, allowing the extraction of multiple parameters that help to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for sensor response and the role of the functional groups in this response. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 144 MB Cory Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM josei@eecs.berkeley.edu RI sivula, kevin/I-2250-2013; Subramanian, Vivek/K-9818-2016; OI Subramanian, Vivek/0000-0002-1783-8219; Luscombe, Christine/0000-0001-7456-1343; Sivula, Kevin/0000-0002-8458-0270; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 26 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 014506 DI 10.1063/1.2208743 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400096 ER PT J AU Jones, GM Hu, BH Yang, CH Yang, MJ Reno, JL AF Jones, G. M. Hu, B. H. Yang, C. H. Yang, M. J. Reno, J. L. TI An enhancement-mode GaAs heterojunction transistor using benzocyclobutene as gate dielectric SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; INSULATOR AB We propose and demonstrate an enhancement-mode Al(x)Ga(1-x)As/GaAs single heterojunction field-effect transistor, in which the gate dielectric consists of an epitaxial Al(x)Ga(1-x)As layer and spin-on benzocyclobutene. The as-grown sample is undoped and, as a result, nonconductive at 4.2 K. However, under a positive gate bias, high mobility two-dimensional electrons at the heterointerface are induced, as evidenced by magnetotransport characteristics. Numerical simulations of a model structure provide insight into applications in mesoscopic devices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20904 USA. EM yang@umd.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 014508 DI 10.1063/1.2209724 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400098 ER PT J AU Su, FH Liu, YF Chen, W Wang, WJ Ding, K Li, GH Joly, AG McCready, DE AF Su, F. H. Liu, Y. F. Chen, W. Wang, W. J. Ding, K. Li, G. H. Joly, A. G. McCready, D. E. TI Temperature and pressure dependences of the copper-related green emission in ZnO microrods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; IMPURITIES; NANOWIRES; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; BAND; CU AB We have investigated the temperature and pressure dependences of the copper-related green emission, which show fine structure at low temperature, from tetrapodlike ZnO microrods. The temperature dependence of the green emission energy follows the changes in the band gap from 10-200 K, but deviates from this behavior above 200 K. The pressure dependence of the copper-related green band (25 +/- 5 meV/GPa) is similar to that of the band gap of ZnO, and is larger than that reported previously for defect-related green emission in ZnO. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM fhsu@red.semi.ac.cn; wchen@nomadics.com; ghli@red.semi.ac.cn NR 27 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 013107 DI 10.1063/1.2206705 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400007 ER PT J AU Zubelewicz, A Addessio, FL Cady, CM AF Zubelewicz, A. Addessio, F. L. Cady, C. M. TI A constitutive model for a uranium-niobium alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASES AB A constitutive model that includes the effects of elasticity, crystal reorientation (twinning or detwinning), phase transformations, and plasticity is presented. The model is applied to a uranium-6 wt % niobium (U-6Nb) alloy, which is known to exhibit the shape memory effect. The inelastic strains for phase transformation and reorientation are based on the material's phase diagrams. The model captures the effects of martensitic transformation and reorientation; both of the phenomena are coupled with the alloy's phase diagrams, which are defined in terms of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and shear stress. Computational simulations are presented that demonstrate the ability of the model to capture the relevant physical response of the material. Also, we include experimental results that demonstrate the phenomena of phase transformation, reorientation, and plasticity for low- and high-strain rates and for variations in temperature. The model replicates the experimental data for the broad range of strain rates and temperatures. Comparisons between the model and low-strain rate data, which demonstrate the shape memory effect of U-6Nb, are also provided. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zubelewicz, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alek@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 013523 DI 10.1063/1.2208907 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400040 ER PT J AU Terry, M Steelman, KL Guilderson, T Dering, P Rowe, MW AF Terry, M Steelman, KL Guilderson, T Dering, P Rowe, MW TI Lower Pecos and Coahuila peyote: new radiocarbon dates SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE peyote; radiocarbon analyses; Chihuahuan Desert; Shumla Caves; Texas; Cuatro Cienegas; Coahuila ID MEXICO AB Peyote. a psychoactive cactus native to the Chihuahuan Desert, has been preserved from excavations at only two archaeological Sites: Shumla Caves in the Lower Pecos region of southwest Texas and shelter CM-79 near Cuatro Cienegas in Coahuila, Mexico. We determined three indistinguishable radiocarbon ages of 5160 +/- 45, 5200 +/- 35 and 5210 +/- 35 C-14 years BP, yielding a mean age of 5195 +/- 20 C-14 years BP for the three specimens from Shumla Caves. For one of the Cuatro Cienegas specimens we obtained the first direct radiocarbon date of 835 +/- 35 C-14 years BP. This study demonstrates the use of peyote by inhabitants of the Lower Pecos region of the Chihuahuan Desert about 6000 calendar years ago. and confirms its use by inhabitants of the Cuatro Cienegas region of the Chihuahuan Desert in Late Prehistoric times. The Shumla Caves' specimens are composed of an aggregate of ground peyote mixed with other plant material, i.e., they appear to be manufactured peyote effigies. and are definitely not intact peyote buttons. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Chem, Conway, AR 72034 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Terry, M (reprint author), Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, WSB 210, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. EM mterry@sulross.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1017 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2005.11.008 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 044GG UT WOS:000237659800011 ER PT J AU Shi, L Chen, BW Wang, ZM Elias, DA Mayer, MU Gorby, YA Ni, S Lower, BH Kennedy, DW Wunschel, DS Mottaz, HM Marshall, MJ Hill, EA Beliaev, AS Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Squier, TC AF Shi, L Chen, BW Wang, ZM Elias, DA Mayer, MU Gorby, YA Ni, S Lower, BH Kennedy, DW Wunschel, DS Mottaz, HM Marshall, MJ Hill, EA Beliaev, AS Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Squier, TC TI Isolation of a high-affinity functional protein complex between OmcA and MtrC: Two outer membrane decaheme c-type cytochromes of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUTREFACIENS MR-1; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; CHROMATE REDUCTION; BINDING; GENOME; LOCALIZATION; PURIFICATION; RESPIRATION; PROTEOMICS; MANGANESE AB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium capable of using soluble and insoluble forms of manganese [Mn(III/IV)] and iron [Fe(111)] as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. To assess the structural association of two outer membrane-associated c-type decaheme cytochromes (i.e., OmcA [SO1779] and MtrC [SO1778]) and their ability to reduce soluble Fe(111)-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), we expressed these proteins with a C-terminal tag in wild-type S. oneidensis and a mutant deficient in these genes (i.e., Delta omcA mtrC). Endogenous MtrC copurified with tagged OmcA in wild-type Shewanella, suggesting a direct association. To further evaluate their possible interaction, both proteins were purified to near homogeneity following the independent expression of OmcA and MtrC in the Delta omcA mtrC mutant. Each purified cytochrome was confirmed to contain 10 hemes and exhibited Fe(111)-NTA reductase activity. To measure binding, MtrC was labeled with the multiuse affinity probe 4',5'-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein (1,2-ethanedithiol)(2), which specifically associates with a tetracysteine motif engineered at the C terminus of MtrC. Upon titration with OmcA, there was a marked increase in fluorescence polarization indicating the formation of a high-affinity protein complex (K-d < 500 nM) between MtrC and OmcA whose binding was sensitive to changes in ionic strength. Following association, the OmcA-MtrC complex was observed to have enhanced Fe(111)-NTA reductase specific activity relative to either protein alone, demonstrating that OmcA and MtrC can interact directly with each other to form a stable complex that is consistent with their role in the electron transport pathway of S. oneidensis MR-1. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM liang.shi@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010; Elias, Dwayne/B-5190-2011; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Elias, Dwayne/0000-0002-4469-6391; Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 41 TC 136 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 188 IS 13 BP 4705 EP 4714 DI 10.1128/JB.01966-05 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 058KT UT WOS:000238664600016 PM 16788180 ER PT J AU Singh, R Kurella, A Dahotre, NB AF Singh, R Kurella, A Dahotre, NB TI Laser surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V: Wear and corrosion characterization in simulated biofluid SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser surface treatment; Ti-6Al-4V; microstructure; anodic polarization; corrosion; wear corrosion; Ringer's solution ID TITANIUM-ALLOY; PHYSIOLOGICAL SOLUTION; STAINLESS-STEEL; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; PASSIVITY; IMPLANTS; COATINGS; CONTACT AB Laser surface melting (LSM) of Ti-6Al-4V is performed in argon to improve its properties, such as microstructure, corrosion, and wear for biomedical applications. Corrosion behavior is investigated by conducting electrochemical polarization experiments in simulated body fluid (Ringer's solution) at 37 degrees C. Wear properties are evaluated in Ringer's solution using pin-on-disc apparatus at a slow speed. Untreated Ti-6Al-4V contains alpha + beta phase. After laser surface melting, it transforms to acicular alpha embedded in the prior beta matrix. Grain growth in the range of 65-89 mu m with increase in laser power from 800 to 1500 W due to increase in associated temperature is observed. The hardness of as-laser-processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy is more (275-297 HV) than that of the untreated alloy (254 HV). Passivation currents are significantly reduced to < 4.3 mu A/cm(2) after laser treatment compared to untreated Ti-6Al-4V (approximate to 12 mu A/cm(2)). The wear resistance of laser-treated Ti-6Al-4V in simulated body fluid is enhanced compared to that of the untreated one. It is the highest for the one that is processed at a laser power of 800 W. Typical micro-cutting features of abrasive wear is the prominent mechanism of wear in both untreated and as-laser-treated Ti-6Al-4V. Fragmentation of wear debris assisted by microcracking was responsible for mass loss during the wear of untreated Ti-6Al-4V in Ringer's solution. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0885-3282 J9 J BIOMATER APPL JI J. Biomater. Appl. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1177/0885328206055998 PG 25 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 056QU UT WOS:000238541000003 PM 16443617 ER PT J AU Overbury, SH Schwartz, V Mullim, DR Yan, WF Dai, S AF Overbury, S. H. Schwartz, Viviane Mullim, David R. Yan, Wenfu Dai, Sheng TI Evaluation of the Au size effect: CO oxidation catalyzed by Au/TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE structure sensitivity; size sensitivity; catalytic CO oxidation; gold catalysts; Au; TiO2; EXAFS; XANES; flow reactor; catalytic activity ID SUPPORTED GOLD CATALYSTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TIO2; NANOPARTICLES; TITANIA; DEPOSITION; PLATINUM; AU/AL2O3; SILICA AB The size dependence of activity in gold catalysts was examined. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure was used to determine mean particle size, and a flow reactor was used to assess activity of the catalysts for CO oxidation as a function of temperature. A sequence of calcination steps was used to systematically increase the mean An particle size while repeated measurements of the activity were conducted. In this way the size dependence could be obtained in a single catalyst to avoid differences due to variations in support, synthesis conditions, Au loading, or incidental impurities. Two Au catalysts with different An loadings were prepared on TiO2 by deposition precipitation and used for the measurements. For Au particles with mean particle size, d, in the range of 2-10 nm, the measured TOF at 298 K varies as d(-1.7 +/- 0.2) and d(-0.9 +/- 0.2) for the 7.2 and 4.5 wt% Au/TiO2 (P25) catalysts, respectively. Variation between samples emphasizes the conclusion that the activity is sensitive to many factors that may mask the true structure dependence. It is concluded that the observed decrease in activity with increasing particle size beyond 2 nm is controlled by the population of low-coordinate sites, rather than by size-dependent changes in overall electronic structure of the nanoparticle. No evidence was found for maximum activity for small particle sizes, although arguments are offered for why such a maximum was expected but was not observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. RP Overbury, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 37 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 18 U2 131 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 241 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.04.018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 067TV UT WOS:000239326400007 ER PT J AU Ismail, AE Grest, GS Stevens, MJ AF Ismail, Ahmed E. Grest, Gary S. Stevens, Mark J. TI Capillary waves at the liquid-vapor interface and the surface tension of water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EFFECTIVE PAIR POTENTIALS; FLUCTUATING CHARGE; FLUID INTERFACES; SPC/E WATER; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; TRUNCATION; CLUSTERS; HYDROGEN AB Capillary waves occurring at the liquid-vapor interface of water are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, the surface tension, determined thermodynamically from the difference in the normal and tangential pressure at the liquid-vapor interface, is compared for a number of standard three- and four-point water models. We study four three-point models (SPC/E, TIP3P, TIP3P-CHARMM, and TIP3P-Ew) and two four-point models (TIP4P and TIP4P-Ew). All of the models examined underestimate the surface tension; the TIP4P-Ew model comes closest to reproducing the experimental data. The surface tension can also be determined from the amplitude of capillary waves at the liquid-vapor interface by varying the surface area of the interface. The surface tensions determined from the amplitude of the logarithmic divergence of the capillary interfacial width and from the traditional thermodynamic method agree only if the density profile is fitted to an error function instead of a hyperbolic tangent function. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ismail, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aei@alum.mit.edu RI Ismail, Ahmed/B-7790-2009 OI Ismail, Ahmed/0000-0001-9929-5598 NR 53 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 AR 014702 DI 10.1063/1.2209240 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061CT UT WOS:000238849500040 PM 16863319 ER PT J AU Lee, KKM Benedetti, LR Jeanloz, R Celliers, PM Eggert, JH Hicks, DG Moon, SJ Mackinnon, A Da Silva, LB Bradley, DK Unites, W Collins, GW Henry, E Koenig, M Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Pasley, J Neely, D AF Lee, Kanani K. M. Benedetti, L. Robin Jeanloz, Raymond Celliers, Peter M. Eggert, Jon H. Hicks, Damien G. Moon, Stephen J. Mackinnon, Andrew Da Silva, Luis B. Bradley, David K. Unites, Walter Collins, Gilbert W. Henry, Emeric Koenig, Michel Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Pasley, John Neely, David TI Laser-driven shock experiments on precompressed water: Implications for "icy" giant planets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPRESSED WATER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MELTING CURVE; DENSE WATER; 1 MBAR; GPA; PRESSURE; H2O AB Laser-driven shock compression of samples precompressed to 1 GPa produces high-pressure-temperature conditions inducing two significant changes in the optical properties of water: the onset of opacity followed by enhanced reflectivity in the initially transparent water. The onset of reflectivity at infrared wavelengths can be interpreted as a semiconductor <-> electronic conductor transition in water, and is found at pressures above similar to 130 GPa for single-shocked samples precompressed to 1 GPa. Our results indicate that conductivity in the deep interior of "icy" giant planets is greater than realized previously because of an additional contribution from electrons. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Polytech, Lab LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Lee, KKM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kanani@physics.nmsu.edu RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 AR 014701 DI 10.1063/1.2207618 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061CT UT WOS:000238849500039 PM 16863318 ER PT J AU Meng, S Gao, SW AF Meng, Sheng Gao, Shiwu TI Formation and interaction of hydrated alkali metal ions at the graphite-water interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; ADSORPTION; POTASSIUM; SURFACES; H2O; COADSORPTION AB Ion hydration at a solid surface ubiquitously exists in nature and plays important roles in many natural processes and technological applications. Aiming at obtaining a microscopic insight into the formation of such systems and interactions therein, we have investigated the hydration of alkali metal ions at a prototype surface-graphite (0001), using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. At low water coverage, the alkali metal ions form two-dimensional hydration shells accommodating at most four (Li, Na) and three (K, Rb, Cs) waters in the first shell. These two-dimensional shells generally evolve into three-dimensional structures at higher water coverage, due to the competition between hydration and ion-surface interactions. Exceptionally K was found to reside at the graphite-water interface for water coverages up to bulk water limit, where it forms an "umbrellalike" surface hydration shell with an average water-ion-surface angle of 115 degrees. Interactions between the hydrated K and Na ions at the interface have also been studied. Water molecules seem to mediate an effective ion-ion interaction, which favors the aggregation of Na ions but prevents nucleation of K. These results agree with experimental observations in electron energy loss spectroscopy, desorption spectroscopy, and work function measurement. In addition, the sensitive dependence of charge transfer on dynamical structure evolution during the hydration process, implies the necessity to describe surface ion hydration from electronic structure calculations. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 10080, Peoples R China. RP Meng, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM shmeng@deas.harvard.edu RI Meng, Sheng/A-7171-2010 OI Meng, Sheng/0000-0002-1553-1432 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 AR 014708 DI 10.1063/1.2206591 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061CT UT WOS:000238849500046 PM 16863325 ER PT J AU Nee, MJ Osterwalder, A Zhou, J Neumark, DM AF Nee, Matthew J. Osterwalder, Andreas Zhou, Jia Neumark, Daniel M. TI Slow electron velocity-map imaging photoelectron spectra of the methoxide anion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPIN-ORBIT; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRONIC ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE-IONS; RADICAL CH3O; TELLER; CD3O; STATE AB High resolution anion photodetachment spectra are presented for the methoxide anion and its fully deuterated counterpart. The spectra were obtained with slow electron velocity-map imaging. Improved electron affinities are determined for CH3O as 1.5690 +/- 0.0019 eV and for CD3O as 1.5546 +/- 0.0019 eV. The spectra resolve many features associated with spin-orbit and vibronic coupling that were not seen in previous photodetachment studies. Photoelectron angular distributions taken as a function of detachment wavelength for the ground vibronic state transitions are recorded and are consistent with the removal of a nonbonding, p-type electron localized on the oxygen atom. Several hot bands and sequence bands are observed for the first time, providing insight into the vibrational structure of the methoxide anion. The results are compared to recent calculations of the anion photoelectron spectra that incorporate bilinear coupling terms among the methoxy vibrational modes and are found to be in reasonable agreement. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Osterwalder, Andreas/E-5460-2015 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 AR 014306 DI 10.1063/1.2212411 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061CT UT WOS:000238849500018 PM 16863297 ER PT J AU Datta, R Henry, M AF Datta, Rathin Henry, Michael TI Lactic acid: recent advances in products, processes and technologies - a review SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lactic acid; oxychemicals purification; polymers; production; solvents AB Lactic acid, the most widely occurring hydroxycarboxylic acid, is an enigmatic chemical. It was discovered a long time ago and its use in food preservation and processing and as a specialty chemical has grown over the years with current production of about 120 000 t yr(-1). Its potential as a major chemical feedstock, derived from renewable carbohydrates by sustainable technologies, to make plastics, fibers, solvents and oxygenated chemicals, had also been recognized. Recently, new technologies have emerged that can overcome major barriers in separations and purification and processing. Advances in electrodialysis (ED) and bipolar membranes and one particular process configuration termed the 'double ED' process, a specific combination of desalting ED followed by 'water-splitting' ED with bipolar membranes, has given very promising results, showing a strong potential for an efficient and economic process for recovery and purification of lactic acid without generating a salt waste. For the production of polymers, several advances in catalysts and process improvements have occurred in the technology to produce dilactide and its polymerization to produce plastics and fibers by Natureworks LLC, which is the leader in lactic polymer technology and markets. Other advances in esterification technology with pervaporation and development of biosolvent blends also have a high potential for 'green' solvents in many applications. Recently, a considerable amount of pioneering effort in technology, product development and commercialization has been expended by several companies. To overcome the barriers to replace long-established petroleum-derived products, further real support from consumer, regulatory and government organizations is also needed. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Datta, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rdatta@anl.gov NR 57 TC 388 Z9 406 U1 25 U2 186 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1119 EP 1129 DI 10.1002/jctb.1486 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 064ZQ UT WOS:000239129600007 ER PT J AU Stott, PA Mitchell, JFB Allen, MR Delworth, TL Gregory, JM Meehl, GA Santer, BD AF Stott, Peter A. Mitchell, John F. B. Allen, Myles R. Delworth, Thomas L. Gregory, Jonathan M. Meehl, Gerald A. Santer, Benjamin D. TI Observational constraints on past attributable warming and predictions of future global warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTHROPOGENIC FORCINGS; SIMPLE INDEXES; PART I; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; ENSEMBLE; VARIABILITY AB This paper investigates the impact of aerosol forcing uncertainty on the robustness of estimates of the twentieth-century warming attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Attribution analyses on three coupled climate models with very different sensitivities and aerosol forcing are carried out. The Third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere GCM (HadCM3), Parallel Climate Model (PCM), and GFDL R30 models all provide good simulations of twentieth-century global mean temperature changes when they include both anthropogenic and natural forcings. Such good agreement could result from a fortuitous cancellation of errors, for example, by balancing too much ( or too little) greenhouse warming by too much ( or too little) aerosol cooling. Despite a very large uncertainty for estimates of the possible range of sulfate aerosol forcing obtained from measurement campaigns, results show that the spatial and temporal nature of observed twentieth-century temperature change constrains the component of past warming attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse gases to be significantly greater ( at the 5% level) than the observed warming over the twentieth century. The cooling effects of aerosols are detected in all three models. Both spatial and temporal aspects of observed temperature change are responsible for constraining the relative roles of greenhouse warming and sulfate cooling over the twentieth century. This is because there are distinctive temporal structures in differential warming rates between the hemispheres, between land and ocean, and between mid- and low latitudes. As a result, consistent estimates of warming attributable to greenhouse gas emissions are obtained from all three models, and predictions are relatively robust to the use of more or less sensitive models. The transient climate response following a 1% yr(-1) increase in CO(2) is estimated to lie between 2.2 and 4 K century(-1) (5-95 percentiles). C1 Univ Reading, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Reading Unit, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Reading Unit, Reading, Berks, England. Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Reading, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Inetercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stott, PA (reprint author), Univ Reading, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Reading Unit, Meteorol Bldg, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM peter.stott@metoffice.gov.uk RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Allen, Myles/A-5172-2012; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 38 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 13 BP 3055 EP 3069 DI 10.1175/JCLI3802.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063NO UT WOS:000239026300002 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Barnard, JC Shaw, WJ AF Doran, J. C. Barnard, J. C. Shaw, W. J. TI Modification of summertime arctic cloud characteristics between a coastal and inland site SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; LIQUID WATER PATH; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL DEPTH; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; IN-SITU; OCEAN; BALANCE; ENERGY AB Cloud characteristics at two sites on the North Slope of Alaska separated by similar to 100 km have been examined for the warmer months of 2001 - 03 using data collected from microwave radiometers, ceilometers, rotating shadowband radiometers, and pyranometers. Clouds at the inland site, Atqasuk, were found to have approximately 26% greater optical depths than those at the coastal site, Barrow, and the ratio of measured irradiance to clear-sky irradiance was nearly 20% larger at Barrow under cloudy conditions. It is hypothesized that a significant factor contributing to these differences is the upward fluxes of heat and water vapor over the wet tundra and lakes. Support for this hypothesis is found from the behavior of the liquid water paths for low clouds, which tend to be higher at Atqasuk than at Barrow for onshore winds but not for offshore ones, from differences in sensible heat fluxes, which are small but significant over the tundra but are nearly zero over the ocean adjacent to Barrow, and from the mixing ratios, which are significantly higher at Atqasuk than at Barrow. Results from a simple model further indicate that latent heat fluxes over the tundra and lakes can account for a significant fraction of the differences in the estimated boundary layer water content between Barrow and Atqasuk. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Christopher.doran@pnl.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 13 BP 3207 EP 3219 DI 10.1175/JCLI3782.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063NO UT WOS:000239026300011 ER PT J AU Friedlingstein, P Cox, P Betts, R Bopp, L Von Bloh, W Brovkin, V Cadule, P Doney, S Eby, M Fung, I Bala, G John, J Jones, C Joos, F Kato, T Kawamiya, M Knorr, W Lindsay, K Matthews, HD Raddatz, T Rayner, P Reick, C Roeckner, E Schnitzler, KG Schnur, R Strassmann, K Weaver, AJ Yoshikawa, C Zeng, N AF Friedlingstein, P. Cox, P. Betts, R. Bopp, L. Von Bloh, W. Brovkin, V. Cadule, P. Doney, S. Eby, M. Fung, I. Bala, G. John, J. Jones, C. Joos, F. Kato, T. Kawamiya, M. Knorr, W. Lindsay, K. Matthews, H. D. Raddatz, T. Rayner, P. Reick, C. Roeckner, E. Schnitzler, K. -G. Schnur, R. Strassmann, K. Weaver, A. J. Yoshikawa, C. Zeng, N. TI Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the (CMIP)-M-4 model intercomparison SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL CIRCULATION MODEL; AMAZONIAN FOREST DIEBACK; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE; SYSTEM MODEL; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS AB Eleven coupled climate-carbon cycle models used a common protocol to study the coupling between climate change and the carbon cycle. The models were forced by historical emissions and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 anthropogenic emissions of CO2 for the 1850-2100 time period. For each model, two simulations were performed in order to isolate the impact of climate change on the land and ocean carbon cycle, and therefore the climate feedback on the atmospheric CO2 concentration growth rate. There was unanimous agreement among the models that future climate change will reduce the efficiency of the earth system to absorb the anthropogenic carbon perturbation. A larger fraction of anthropogenic CO2 will stay airborne if climate change is accounted for. By the end of the twenty-first century, this additional CO2 varied between 20 and 200 ppm for the two extreme models, the majority of the models lying between 50 and 100 ppm. The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1 degrees and 1.5 degrees C. All models simulated a negative sensitivity for both the land and the ocean carbon cycle to future climate. However, there was still a large uncertainty on the magnitude of these sensitivities. Eight models attributed most of the changes to the land, while three attributed it to the ocean. Also, a majority of the models located the reduction of land carbon uptake in the Tropics. However, the attribution of the land sensitivity to changes in net primary productivity versus changes in respiration is still subject to debate; no consensus emerged among the models. C1 IPSL, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Dorchester, England. Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. CNRS, ISPL, Paris, France. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Bristol, QUEST, Bristol, Avon, England. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Friedlingstein, P (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat Envoronm, Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM pierre.friedlingstein@cea.fr RI Matthews, Damon/A-8965-2008; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Kato, Tomomichi/F-7766-2010; Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012; Brovkin, Victor/I-7450-2012; Eby, Michael/H-5278-2013; Betts, Richard/P-8976-2015; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Cox, Peter/B-3299-2012; OI Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Kato, Tomomichi/0000-0003-3757-3243; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 NR 111 TC 1392 Z9 1429 U1 70 U2 550 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 14 BP 3337 EP 3353 DI 10.1175/JCLI3800.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063NP UT WOS:000239026400001 ER PT J AU Bavykin, SG Lysov, YP Zakhariev, V Kelly, JJ Jackman, J Stahl, DA Cherni, A AF Bavykin, Sergei G. Lysov, Yuri P. Zakhariev, Vladimir Kelly, John J. Jackman, Joany Stahl, David A. Cherni, Alexey TI Use of 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and gyrB gene sequence analysis to determine phylogenetic relationships of Bacillus cereus group microorganisms (vol 42, pg 3711, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, Moscow 117984, Russia. Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bavykin, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2676 EP 2676 DI 10.1128/JCM.00897-06 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 065JY UT WOS:000239157400073 ER PT J AU Timm, J Li, B Bhattacharya, T Daniels, MG Reyor, LL Allgaier, R Kuntzen, T Fischer, W Duncan, J zur Wiesch, JS Kim, A Frahm, N Branderl, C Chung, RT Lauer, GM Korber, BT Walker, BD Allen, TM AF Timm, J. Li, B. Bhattacharya, T. Daniels, M. G. Reyor, L. L. Allgaier, R. Kuntzen, T. Fischer, W. Duncan, J. zur Wiesch, J. Schulze Kim, A. Frahm, N. Brander, C. Chung, R. T. Lauer, G. M. Korber, B. T. Walker, B. D. Allen, T. M. TI HLA-associated sequence polymorphisms in HCV reveal the reproducibility of immune responses and constraints on viral evolution SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, Charlestown, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S119 EP S120 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80371-9 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300362 ER PT J AU Yusim, K Fischer, W Perkins, S Bhattacharya, T Theiler, J Allen, T Lauer, G Korber, B Kuiken, C AF Yusim, K. Fischer, W. Perkins, S. Bhattacharya, T. Theiler, J. Allen, T. Lauer, G. Korber, B. Kuiken, C. TI Rational design of HCV vaccine cocktails that maximize coverage of potential CTL epitopes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Boston, MA USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S164 EP S165 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80511-1 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300501 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Extension of Toth Psi function from gas-solid to liquid-solid equilibria and application to reversed-phase liquid chromatography systems SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquid-solid equilibrium; integral isotherm equations; Gibbs equation; free energy of the surface; Psi function; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; adsorption isotherms; measured isotherms; frontal analysis; minor disturbance method; methanol-water liquid phase; acetonitrile-water liquid phase; silica-C(18); phenol ID COMPATIBLE SURFACE-AREA; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERM EQUATIONS; NONLINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; DEAD VOLUME; RETENTION; MECHANISM; THERMODYNAMICS; COEFFICIENTS; COMPONENTS AB The extension of the Psi function developed by Toth from equilibria taking place at gas-solid interfaces to those taking place at liquid-solid interfaces was investigated. The results were applied to conventional liquid-solid systems used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The adsorbents in these systems are made of porous silica having a hydrophobic solid surface obtained by chemically bonding C(18) alkyl chains to a porous silica gel then endcapping the surface with trimethylsilyl groups. The liquid is an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, most often methanol or acetonitrile. The probe compound used here is phenol. Adsorption data of phenol were measured using the dynamic frontal analysis (FA) method. The excess adsorption of the organic solvent was measured using the minor disturbance (MD) method. Activity coefficients in the bulk were estimated through the UNIFAC group contributions. The results show that the Psi function predicts 90% of the total free energy of immersion, Delta F, of the solid when the concentration of phenol is moderate (typically less than 10 g/L). At higher concentrations, the nonideal behavior of the bulk liquid phase becomes significant and it may contribute up to about 30% of Delta F. The high concentration of adsorbed molecules of phenol at the interface decreases the interfacial tension, sigma, by about 18 mN/m, independently of the structure of the adsorbed phase and of the nature of the organic solvent. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 299 IS 1 BP 136 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.02.009 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 052IP UT WOS:000238227700016 PM 16527290 ER PT J AU Caramana, EJ Loubere, R AF Caramana, EJ Loubere, R TI "Curl-q": A vorticity damping artificial viscosity for essentially irrotational Lagrangian hydrodynamics calculations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ERRORS; ENERGY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Caramana, EJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2 & T-7,MS-D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ejc@lanl.gov; loubere@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.11.018 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 041LR UT WOS:000237458200001 ER PT J AU Foster, I AF Foster, Ian TI Globus Toolkit version 4: Software for service-oriented systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distributed systems; distributed applications; Internet applications; middleware; open source ID SCIENCE AB The Globus Toolkit (GT) has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of service-oriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common framework, fundamental issues relating to security, resource access, resource management, data movement, resource discovery, and so forth. These components enable a broader "Globus ecosystem" of tools and components that build on, or interoperate with, GT functionality to provide a wide range of useful application-level functions. These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both "Grid" infrastructures and distributed applications. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the recent Web Services-based GT4 release, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. I also introduce the new "dev.globus" community development process, which allows a larger community to contribute to the development of Globus software. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 56 TC 144 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-9000 EI 1860-4749 J9 J COMPUT SCI TECH-CH JI J. Comput. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11390-006-0513-y PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 066UI UT WOS:000239255200008 ER PT J AU Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Gao, Y Hu, E AF Zakharov, Dmitri N. Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna Gao, Yan Hu, Evelyn TI Structural defects in Si-doped III-V nitrides SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE transmission electron microscopy (TEM); high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM); III-nitrides; Si-doped; dislocation loop ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAN; DISLOCATIONS; DIFFUSION; GERMANIUM; SILICON; GOLD AB Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study undoped and Si-doped InGaN/GaN layers. The doped layers show formation of extrinsic dislocation loops. These defects are not formed in the undoped samples. The highly Si-doped layers show failure of selective photoelectrochemical wet-etching used for device fabrication. This loss of etching selectivity is attributed to Si-induced defects evenly distributed in the InGaN layers and their vicinities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ERATO, JST UCSB Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Zakharov, DN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zakharov@purdue.edu RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0146-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 065KQ UT WOS:000239159200007 ER PT J AU Schajer, GS Prime, MB AF Schajer, Gary S. Prime, Michael B. TI Use of inverse solutions for residual stress measurements SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Damping of Shape Memory Alloys, Composites, and Foams CY MAY 10-11, 2005 CL Georgia Tech Lorraine, Metz, FRANCE SP Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Paul Verlaine Metz, Georgia Inst Technol, Lab Phys Mecan Mat CNRS, Counseil Reg Lorraine HO Georgia Tech Lorraine ID HOLE-DRILLING METHOD AB For most of the destructive methods used for measuring residual stresses. the relationship between the measured deformations and the residual stresses are in the form of an integral equation. typically a Volterra equation of the first kind. Such equations require an inverse method to evaluate the residual stress solution. This paper demonstrates the mathematical commonality of physically different measurement types. and proposes a generic residual stress solution approach. The unit pulse solution method that is presented is conceptually straightforward and has direct physical interpretations. It uses the same basis functions as the hole-drilling integral method. and also permits enforcement of equilibrium constraints. lit addition, Tikhonov regularization is shown to be an effective way to reduce the influences of measurement noise. The method is successfully demonstrated using data from slitting (crack compliance) measurements, and excellent correspondence with independently determined residual stresses is achieved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Schajer, GS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 23 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1115/1.2204952 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 065KL UT WOS:000239158700016 ER PT J AU Vijayaraghavan, K Nikolov, A Wasan, D Calloway, B Crowder, ML Stone, M Quershi, ZH AF Vijayaraghavan, K Nikolov, A Wasan, D Calloway, B Crowder, ML Stone, M Quershi, ZH TI Radioactive waste foams: Formation and mitigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; MECHANISMS; NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS; OIL AB Foaming has been observed during the evaporation of simulated radioactive wastes and is typically enhanced by finely divided solid particles. A maximum in foaminess as a function of the total solid concentration is observed. The increase in foaminess is due to the structural stabilization by the particles in the foam lamella and the decrease in foaminess is due to clustering of the particles in the bulk. In this paper, we study the effects of various parameters such as heating flux,, low pressure, normal paraffin hydrocarbons (NPH), tributyl phosphate (TBP), surfactants, and commercially available antifoams on foaminess during the evaporation of the simulant. The increase in flux at atmospheric pressure increases foaminess while low pressure decreases foaminess. The addition of NPH increases the foaminess while TBP reduces foaminess (at the maximum in foaminess with respect to the baseline case containing neither, as both NPH and TBP modify particle wettability). The surfactant (when added in small amounts) reduces foaminess, while larger amounts increase foaminess by a factor of 4. The antifoam DOW 1520 US is inefficient in reducing foaminess (400% vol to 200% vol) while Q2-3183 A is able to reduce foaminess by a factor of 4 (400% vol to 120% vol) at the maximum in foaminess. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Vijayaraghavan, K (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM wasan@iit.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 7 BP 716 EP 724 DI 10.1061/ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:7(716) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055DX UT WOS:000238431300004 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Zhang, TQ Bertsch, PM AF He, Zhongqi Honeycutt, C. Wayne Zhang, Tiequan Bertsch, Paul M. TI Preparation and FT-IR characterization of metal phytate compounds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; IN-SITU TREATMENT; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; CALCIUM-BINDING AB Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) has long been recognized as the predominant organic P form in soil and animal manure. Whereas many studies have investigated the wet chemistry of IP6, there is little information on the characterization of solid metal IP6 compounds. This information is essential for further understanding and assessing the chemical behavior of IP6 in diverse soil-plant-water ecosystems. As the first step in full characterization, we synthesized eight metal phytate compounds and investigated their structural features using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The absorption features from 900 to 1200 cm(-1) in FT-IR could be used to identify these phytates as: (i) light divalent metal (Ca and Mg) compounds with a sharp band and a broad band, (ii) heavy divalent metal (Cu and Mn) compounds with splitting broad bands, and (iii) trivalent metal (Al and Fe) compounds with a broad band and a shoulder band. Three different types of chemical structures of metal-phytate compounds were presented based on the FT-IR information. We further demonstrated that metal orthophosphates possessed different FT-IR spectral characteristics from their IP6 counterparts. The unique spectral features of metal phytates from 1000 to 700 cm-1 could be used to distinguish phytate compounds from metal phosphate compounds. Thus, FT-IR analysis after fine tuning could provide an analytical tool to investigate the basic metal phytate chemistry in molecular levels, such as the competitive interactions between phosphate and phytate with a specific metal ion, and the conversion (or hydrolysis) of metal phytate to metal phosphate under various conditions. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crop Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 43 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900038 PM 16825451 ER PT J AU He, X Izaurralde, RC Vanotti, MB Williams, JR Thomson, AM AF He, X. Izaurralde, R. C. Vanotti, M. B. Williams, J. R. Thomson, A. M. TI Simulating long-term and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization on corn yields, soil carbon sequestration, and soil nitrogen dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; EPIC MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CROP YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; SENSITIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) has the potential to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO(2) and mitigate greenhouse warming. Understanding of this potential can be assisted by the use of simulation models. We evaluated the ability of the EPIC model to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) at Arlington, WI, during 1958-1991. Corn was grown continuously on a Typic Argiudoll with three N levels: LTN1 (control), LTN2 (medium), and LTN3 (high). The LTN2 N rate started at 56 kg ha(-1) (1958), increased to 92 kg ha(-1) (1963), and reached 140 kg ha(-1) (1973). The LTN3 N rate was maitained at twice the LTN2 level. In 1984, each plot was divided into four subplots receiving N at 0, 84, 168, and 252 kg ha-1. Five treatments were used for model evaluation. Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1958-1983 decreased as N rate increased (LTN1 = -5.0%, LTN2 = 3.5%, and LTN3 = 1.0%). Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1985-1991 were larger than during the first period. Simulated and observed mean yields during 1958-1991 were highly correlated (R(2) = 0.961, p < 0.01). Simulated SOC agreed well with observed values with percent errors from -5.8 to 0.5% in 1984 and from -5.1 to 0.7% in 1990. EPIC captured the dynamics of SOC, SCS, and microbial biomass. Simulated net N mineralization rates were lower than those from laboratory incubations. Improvements in EPIC's ability to predict annual variability of crop yields may lead to improved estimates of SCS. C1 Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Blacklands Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Thomson, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM allison.thomson@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1608 EP 1619 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0259 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900068 PM 16825481 ER PT J AU Bourdon, CJ Olsen, MG Gorby, AD AF Bourdon, Christopher J. Olsen, Michael G. Gorby, Allen D. TI The depth of correlation in micro-PIV for high numerical aperture and immersion objectives SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 13-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME DE micro-PIV; depth of correlation; microfluidics; PIV ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MOTION AB The analytical model for the depth of correlation (measurement depth) of a microscopic particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) experiment derived by Olsen and Adrian (Exp. Fluids, 29, pp. S166-S174, 2000) has been modified to be applicable to experiments using high numerical aperture optics. A series of measurements are presented that experimentally quantify the depth of correlation of micro-PIV. velocity measurements which employ high numerical aperture and magnification optics. These measurements demonstrate that the modified analytical model is quite accurate in estimating the depth of correlation in micro-PIV measurements using this class of optics. Additionally, it was found that the Gaussian particle approximation made in this model does not significantly affect the model's performance. It is also demonstrated that this modified analytical model easily predicts the depth of correlation when viewing into a medium of a different index of refraction than the immersion medium. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bourdon, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Olsen, Michael/B-2118-2010 NR 6 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 883 EP 886 DI 10.1115/1.2201649 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 069AZ UT WOS:000239418300027 ER PT J AU Randich, E Grant, PM AF Randich, E Grant, PM TI Proper assessment of the JFK assassination bullet lead evidence from metallurgical and statistical perspectives SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE forensic science; JFK assassination investigation; bullet lead analysis; forensic materials comparisons; bullet metallurgy; Mannlicher-Carcano bullet grain sizes; weighted statistical analyses ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION AB The bullet evidence in the JFK assassination investigation was reexamined from metallurgical and statistical standpoints. The questioned specimens are comprised of soft lead, possibly from full-metal-jacketed Mannlicher-Carcano (MC), 6.5-mm ammunition. During lead refining, contaminant elements are removed to specified levels for a desired alloy or composition. Microsegregation of trace and minor elements during lead casting and processing can account for the experimental variabilities measured in various evidentiary and comparison samples by laboratory analysts. Thus, elevated concentrations of antimony and copper at crystallographic grain boundaries, the widely varying sizes of grains in MC bullet lead, and the 5-60 mg bullet samples analyzed for assassination intelligence effectively resulted in operational sampling error for the analyses. This deficiency was not considered in the original data interpretation and resulted in an invalid conclusion in favor of the single-bullet theory of the assassination. Alternate statistical calculations, based on the historic analytical data, incorporating weighted averaging and propagation of experimental uncertainties also considerably weaken support for the single-bullet theory. In effect, this assessment of the material composition of the lead specimens from the assassination concludes that the extant evidence is consistent with any number between two and five rounds fired in Dealey Plaza during the shooting. C1 Forens Mat Int, Manteca, CA 95336 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Randich, E (reprint author), Forens Mat Int, 927 Creekside Pl, Manteca, CA 95336 USA. EM erandfmi@comcast.net NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00165.x PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 060GI UT WOS:000238790200001 PM 16882211 ER PT J AU Eckenrode, BA Ramsey, SA Stockham, RA Van Berkel, GJ Asano, KG Wolf, DA AF Eckenrode, BA Ramsey, SA Stockham, RA Van Berkel, GJ Asano, KG Wolf, DA TI Performance evaluation of the scent transfer Unit (TM) (STU-100) for organic compound collection and release SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; volatiles profile; scent; odor; canine; scent transfer AB The Scent Transfer Unit (TM) (STU-100) is a portable vacuum that uses airflow through a sterile gauze pad to capture a volatiles profile over evidentiary items for subsequent canine presentation to assist law enforcement personnel. This device was evaluated to determine its ability to trap and release organic compounds at ambient temperature under controlled laboratory conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses using a five-component volatiles mixture in methanol injected directly into a capture pad indicated that compound release could be detected initially and 3 days after the time of collection. Additionally, 15 compounds of a 39-component toxic organic gaseous mixture (10-1000 parts per billion by volume [p.p.b.(v)]) were trapped, released, and detected in the headspace of a volatiles capture pad after being exposed to this mixture using the STU-100 with analysis via GC-MS. Component release efficiencies at ambient temperature varied with the analyte; however, typical values of c. 10% were obtained. Desorption at elevated temperatures of reported human odor/scent chemicals and colognes trapped by the STU-100 pads was measured and indicated that the STU-100 has a significant trapping efficiency at ambient temperature. Multivariate statistical analysis of subsequent mass spectral patterns was also performed. C1 FBI Acad, Counterterrorism Forens Sci Res Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. FBI Acad, Explosives Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectr Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Eckenrode, BA (reprint author), FBI Acad, Counterterrorism Forens Sci Res Unit, Bldg 12, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. EM baeckenrode@fbiacademy.edu RI Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016 OI Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 780 EP 789 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00178.x PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 060GI UT WOS:000238790200009 PM 16882219 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Cody, RB McClelland, JF AF Jones, RW Cody, RB McClelland, JF TI Differentiating writing inks using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; questioned documents; inks; mass spectrometry; ink library ID BALLPOINT PEN INKS; BLACK; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Writing ink analysis is used in establishing document authenticity and the sources and relative ages of written entries. Most analytical methods require removing samples or visibly altering the document. Nondestructive, in situ analysis of writing inks on paper without visible alteration is possible using mass spectrometry with a new ion source called Direct Analysis in Real Time. Forty-three different black and blue ballpoint, black fluid, and black gel inks were examined. Both dyes and persistent but thermally labile components of the inks contribute to the mass spectra, principally as protonated molecules [M+H](+). Numerous ink components were identified from the spectra. The spectra were placed in a searchable library, which was then challenged with two spectra from each of the 43 inks. The best match for each of the challenge spectra was correct for all but one ink, which matched with a very similar ink by the same manufacturer. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. JEOL USA Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Inst Phys Res & Technol, 109 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 915 EP 918 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00162.x PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 060GI UT WOS:000238790200029 PM 16882239 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Hessburg, PF AF Hargrove, William W. Hoffman, Forrest M. Hessburg, Paul F. TI Mapcurves: a quantitative method for comparing categorical maps SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecoregion; goodness-of-fit; kappa statistic; landcover; model validation; overlap; spatial concordance; spatial uncertainty; vegetation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUZZY-SETS; LOCATION; SIMILARITY; RESOLUTION AB We present Mapcurves, a quantitative goodness-of-fit (GOF) method that unambiguously shows the degree of spatial concordance between two or more categorical maps. Mapcurves graphically and quantitatively evaluate the degree of fit among any number of maps and quantify a GOF for each polygon, as well as the entire map. The Mapcurve method indicates a perfect fit even if all polygons in one map are comprised of unique sets of the polygons in another map, if the coincidence among map categories is absolute. It is not necessary to interpret (or even know) legend descriptors for the categories in the maps to be compared, since the degree of fit in the spatial overlay alone forms the basis for the comparison. This feature makes Mapcurves ideal for comparing maps derived from remotely sensed images. A translation table is provided for the categories in each map as an output. Since the comparison is category-based rather than cell-based, the GOF is resolution-independent. Mapcurves can be applied either to entire map categories or to individual raster patches or vector polygons. Mapcurves also have applications for quantifying the spatial uncertainty of particular map features. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnw@fire.esd.ornl.gov; forrest@climate.ornl.gov; phessburg@fs.fed.us RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-5930 J9 J GEOGR SYST JI J. Geogr. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10109-006-0025-x PG 22 WC Geography SC Geography GA 102KM UT WOS:000241809800006 ER PT J AU Barenboim, G Lykken, JD AF Barenboim, Gabriela Lykken, Joseph D. TI Minimal noncanonical cosmologies SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology of theories beyond the SM; beyond standard model ID HYBRID INFLATION; ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS; RECONSTRUCTION; PERTURBATIONS; QUINTESSENCE; 2ND-ORDER; CONSTANT AB We demonstrate how much it is possible to deviate from the standard cosmological paradigm of inflation-assisted Lambda CDM, keeping within current observational constraints, and without adding to or modifying any theoretical assumptions. We show that within a minimal framework there are many new possibilities, some of them wildly different from the standard picture. We present three illustrative examples of new models, described phenomenologically by a noncanonical scalar field coupled to radiation and matter. These models have interesting implications for inflation, quintessence, reheating, electroweak baryogenesis, and the relic densities of WIMPs and other exotics. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barenboim, G (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Carrer Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. EM gabriela.barenboim@uv.es; lykken@fnal.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 IS 7 AR 016 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 069KP UT WOS:000239445400028 ER PT J AU Davatz, G Stockli, F Anastasiou, C Dissertori, G Dittmar, M Melnikov, K Petriello, F AF Davatz, Giovanna Stockli, Fabian Anastasiou, Charalampos Dissertori, Gunther Dittmar, Michael Melnikov, Kirill Petriello, Frank TI Combining Monte Carlo generators with next-to-next-to-leading order calculations: event reweighting for Higgs boson production at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON COLLIDERS; HADRON COLLIDERS; QCD CORRECTIONS; SPECTRUM AB We study a phenomenological ansatz for merging next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculations with Monte Carlo event generators. We reweight them to match bin-integrated NNLO differential distributions. To test this procedure, we study the Higgs boson production cross-section at the LHC, for which a fully differential partonic NNLO calculation is available. We normalize PYTHIA and MC@NLO Monte Carlo events for Higgs production in the gluon fusion channel to reproduce the bin integrated NNLO double differential distribution in the transverse momentum and rapidity of the Higgs boson. These events are used to compute differential distributions for the photons in the pp ! H ! decay channel, and are compared to predictions from fixed-order perturbation theory at NNLO. We find agreement between the reweighted generators and the NNLO result in kinematic regions where we expect a good description using fixed-order perturbation theory. Kinematic boundaries where resummation is required are also modeled correctly using this procedure. We then use these events to compute distributions in the pp -> H -> W+W- -> l(+) l(-) v (v) over bar channel, for which an accurate description is needed for measurements at the LHC. We find that the final state lepton distributions obtained from PYTHIA are not significantly changed by the reweighting procedure. C1 ETH, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Davatz, G (reprint author), ETH, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM giovanna.davatz@cern.ch; fabian.stoeckli@cern.ch; babis@phys.ethz.ch; guenther.dissertori@cern.ch; Michael.Dittmar@cern.ch; kirill@phys.hawaii.edu; frankjp@physics.wisc.edu NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 IS 7 AR 037 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 069KP UT WOS:000239445400007 ER PT J AU Elwasia, N Sundaresan, MJ Schulz, MJ Ghoshal, A Pai, PF Tu, PKC AF Elwasia, Nazar Sundaresan, Mannur J. Schulz, Mark J. Ghoshal, Anindya Pai, P. Frank Tu, Peter K. C. TI Damage bounding structural health monitoring SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage bounding; frequency response function; model connectivity ID SENSOR AB The accuracy of locating damage using vibration measurements depends on the number and locations of sensors on the structure. In practical applications, only a limited number of on-board sensors will be available. The limited number of sensors causes spatial aliasing when solving an underdetermined inverse problem to locate damage. In this study, instead of trying to exactly locate damage, a method is developed that bounds the damage in-between the closest sensors on bar and beam structures. The method is based on current and predamage measurement of all the degrees of freedom (dofs) of vibration at a small number of sensor locations on the structure, and the excitation must be applied at the points where the response is measured. No model of the structure is needed. The technique bounds the damage location between the closest sensors, and it can compensate for a uniform change in temperature that would otherwise be interpreted as damage. The damage force is also approximated. A limitation of the technique is that rotational vibration must be measured if bending occurs. A finite-element method (FEM) model of an axial bar was used to demonstrate the technique using full and partial measurements. A simulation verified that the damage is always bounded between the closest sensors. Experiments were then performed in which reversible damage was put in an axial bar. The damage was detectable, but the damage location was found to be sensitive to errors in the experimental measurements. Suggestions for improving the experimental technique and for extending the method to plate and frame structures are given. The damage bounding method may also be useful as an FEM model verification tool. In this case, the technique might tell in what region of a structure there is a modeling problem. Existing model updating methods, or model-based damage detection methods, could then be used with more confidence to correct the model. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aero Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schulz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Mark.J.Schulz@uc.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 629 EP 648 DI 10.1177/1045389X06060148 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 066QE UT WOS:000239244400008 ER PT J AU Schaaf, P Shinn, M Carpene, E Kaspar, J AF Schaaf, Peter Shinn, Michelle Carpene, Ettore Kaspar, Joerg TI Direct Laser Synthesis of Functional Coatings by FEL treatments SO JOURNAL OF LASER MICRO NANOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Functional Coatings; Laser synthesis; nitriding; titanium; free electron laser; solidification processes ID TITANIUM NITRIDE; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; NITROGEN; IRRADIATION; PLASMA; ALLOY AB Smart surfaces and functional coatings play a decisive role for applicability and performance of all modern materials. Many methods have been developed for their fabrication. Recently, it was established that short laser pulses can induce a direct laser synthesis of functional coatings if the material's surface is irradiated in reactive atmosphere. Despite the simplicity of the treatment itself, the process is not yet industrially established, maybe due to the lack of high repetition rate high power pulsed lasers enabling fast and easy treatment of large areas and pieces. The Free Electron Laser (FEL) can be just the right tool to drive this process into applicability. The high power and the flexibility in temporal shaping of the FEL at the Jefferson Lab made it very interesting for direct laser synthesis of functional coatings. The produced coatings were investigated by a number or methods and the obtained results are presented in connection with the FEL treatment parameters. TiN coatings of about 15 mu m thickness could be easily produced. Furthermore, (100) texturing of the TiN was found for certain timings of the FEL, which is explained by temperature and solidification modeling during the FEL irradiation. C1 [Schaaf, Peter] Univ Gottingen, Zweites Phys Inst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Shinn, Michelle] Free Electron Laser Grp, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Carpene, Ettore] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Kaspar, Joerg] Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoff & Strahltech IWS, D-01277 Dresden, Germany. RP Schaaf, P (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Zweites Phys Inst, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM pschaaf@uni-goettingen.de RI Carpene, Ettore/A-9162-2013; Schaaf, Peter/B-4934-2009 OI Schaaf, Peter/0000-0002-8802-6621 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [632/4]; Naval Research, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the Laser Processing Consortium FX This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under grant Scha 632/4. The Jefferson Lab is supported by the U. S. Dept. of Energy, the Office of Naval Research, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the Laser Processing Consortium. Kevin Jordan and Joseph F. Gubeli III are gratefully acknowledged for their kind and expert assistance at the FEL. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN LASER PROCESSING SOC PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, 11-1 MIHOGAOKA, IBARAKI C/O KATAYAMA LAB, JOINING & WELDING RES INST, OSAKA, 567-0047, JAPAN SN 1880-0688 J9 J LASER MICRO NANOEN JI J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V04KN UT WOS:000207057400009 ER PT J AU Liu, CM Chung, SH Jin, QL Sutton, A Yan, FN Hoffmann, A Kay, BK Bader, SD Makowski, L Chen, LH AF Liu, CM Chung, SH Jin, QL Sutton, A Yan, FN Hoffmann, A Kay, BK Bader, SD Makowski, L Chen, LH TI Magnetic viruses via nano-capsid templates SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic nanoparticles; biomagnetic sensing; Brownian relaxation ID PROTEIN CAGES; NANOPARTICLES; PHAGE; PARTICLES; T7 AB Biological templating of inorganic nanoparticles provides promising opportunities to address the grand challenge in nanoscience of realizing the full potential of self-assembled materials. We implement such biotemplating to create magnetic natioparticles by utilizing native protein capsid shells derived in high yield from the T7 bacteriophage virus. The magnetic nanoparticles are grown via biomineralization reactions inside of hollowed-out capsids that retain their original chemical recognition properties. The resultant;,magnetic viruses" are uniform in geometry, physical properties, and biochemical functionality. We first coax the DNA out of the T7 virus by means of an alkaline treatment, and then grow magnetic cobalt particles inside the remaining hollow capsid shell. Related methods of fabricating bio-functional magnetic nanoparticles have utilized either recombinant, single-protein-type capsids, or involve coating previously synthesized inorganic particles with bio-ligands. Given the richness of the protein types that form the native T7 capsid, our magnetic viruses can be tailored to tune the bio-functionality and/or bio-tagging of a sample. As an example, we consider a nano-biomagnetic sensing scheme that would utilize the T7 capsid to control the magnetic nanoparticle size distribution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bader@anl.gov; lhchen@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 302 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.08.027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 032OO UT WOS:000236784200008 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Rhyne, JJ Kaiser, H Kuwahara, H Tokura, Y AF Kirby, BJ Rhyne, JJ Kaiser, H Kuwahara, H Tokura, Y TI Spin dynamics and magnon-phonon interactions in Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE CMR; manganite; neutron scattering ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; MANGANESE PEROVSKITES; POLARON FORMATION; MANGANITES; LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; FERROMAGNET; ZONE AB The magnon dispersion of Nd0.60Sr0.4MnO3 has been measured along the [qqq], [qq0], and [00q] propagation directions using inelastic neutron scattering. Modes attributed to both Mn-Mn interactions and Nd-Mn interactions were detected. At low temperatures, and for all three directions, the low q Mn-Mn dispersion closely followed a Heisenberg nearest-neighbor model calculation, before showing marked softening at higher values of q. For the [qq0] and [00q] directions, this softening appears to correspond with intersection with 20 and 40 meV phonon branches, respectively. At low temperatures, and for all three directions, the Nd-Mn dispersion followed the calculated Heisenberg dispersion for all measured points. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the magnon stiffness parameter D was measured up to T-c = 273 K, and showed conventional temperature renormalization behavior. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Sophia Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1028554, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Correlated Electron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Spin Superstruct Project, Exploratory Res Adv Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bkirby@lanl.gov RI Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 302 IS 1 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.09.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 032OO UT WOS:000236784200037 ER PT J AU Speller, SC Wu, H Rek, ZU Bilello, JC Grovenor, CRM AF Speller, S. C. Wu, H. Rek, Z. U. Bilello, J. C. Grovenor, C. R. M. TI Development of microstructure in T1-2212 thin films and possible influence on microwave surface resistance values SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CU-O SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-POWER MICROWAVE; TL2BA2CACU2O8 FILMS; YBA2CU3O7 FILMS; YBCO FILMS; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; MGO; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY AB The microstructures of Tl2Ba2Ca1Cu2O8 (Tl-2212) films are very strongly influenced by the processing parameters used to synthesize the superconducting phase and also control the microwave surface resistance values that are of key importance in the application of these materials in high-frequency devices. We report here on detailed studies of how the mesotexture of Tl-2212 films develops during synthesis at 820 and 855 degrees C. Our key observation is that the microstructure, and hence the superconducting properties, are controlled by the mechanism by which stress is relieved in the films and that apparently perfectly epitaxial films do not have the best microwave performance because in these samples the stress is relieved by macroscopic defects rather than local, low-angle grain misorientations. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Speller, SC (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM susannah.speller@materials.ox.ac.uk NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1645 EP 1657 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0208 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 060FY UT WOS:000238789100005 ER PT J AU Brewer, LN Othon, MA Gao, Y Hazel, BT Buttrill, WH Zhong, Z AF Brewer, L. N. Othon, M. A. Gao, Y. Hazel, B. T. Buttrill, W. H. Zhong, Zhong TI Comparison of diffraction methods for measurement of surface damage in superalloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTERED DIFFRACTION; CRACK PLASTIC ZONES; DEFORMED ALUMINUM; LATTICE CURVATURE; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; MISORIENTATION; CRYSTALS; PATTERNS; STEEL AB Surface damage from machining operations is a potential source of failure in metallic components. The ability to quantitatively characterize the depth and extent of the damage layer is critical to controlling the machining process. Electron back scattered diffraction and synchrotron high energy x-ray diffraction were applied to the measurement of machining surface damage in a Ni-based super alloy. Both techniques clearly showed a plastic deformation profile below the surface as a function of the machining conditions used. Using the average intragrain misorientation parameter, the electron back scattered diffraction was able to quantify the amount of surface damage from one surface treatment to another. In addition, the x-ray diffraction measurements were able to simultaneously measure the elastic strain as a function of depth from the surface. C1 GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11970 USA. RP Brewer, LN (reprint author), GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM lnbrewer@sandia.com NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1781 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0199 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 060FY UT WOS:000238789100022 ER PT J AU Carlisle, KB Chawla, KK Gladysz, GM Koopman, M AF Carlisle, K. B. Chawla, K. K. Gladysz, G. M. Koopman, M. TI Structure and mechanical properties of micro and macro balloons: An overview of test techniques SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI ID HOLLOW; MICROSPHERES AB A recently developed technique for obtaining uniaxial compression properties of individual microballoons by using a nanoindentation instrument equipped with a flat-ended tip of cylindrical or square cross-section will be described. A variety of useful parameters can be extracted from load vs. displacement curves such as: failure load, strain to failure, fracture energy, and a pseudo-stiffness or spring constant of each microballoon tested. The technique allows for a comparison of compression properties between individual microballoons of varying size or morphology. Other techniques for compression of both individual and large numbers of microballoons simultaneously, will be compared to this new test procedure. Two novel tensile test techniques will be reviewed. Additionally, the utility of complimentary test methods-including quantitative microscopy, SEM, interferometry, and nanoindentation-for characterizing the structure and properties of microballoons will be discussed. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlisle, KB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 3961 EP 3972 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7571-y PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300002 ER PT J AU Carlisle, KB Koopman, M Chawla, KK Kulkarni, R Gladysz, GM Lewis, M AF Carlisle, K. B. Koopman, M. Chawla, K. K. Kulkarni, R. Gladysz, G. M. Lewis, M. TI Microstructure and compressive properties of carbon microballoons SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI AB Carbon microballoons (CMBs) with tap densities of 0.143, 0.161, and 0.177 g/cm(3), as measured per ASTM B 527-93, were characterized in terms of individual balloon diameter, wall thickness, and mechanical behavior in compression through a novel uniaxial compression test technique. This compression test, performed on an IVITS Nanoindenter XP II, utilized a flat-ended cylindrical tip rather than the common Berkovich indenter. Quantitative microscopy techniques were used to obtain diameter and wall thickness measurements on the polished cross-sections of individual CMBs that had been cold mounted in epoxy resin. Though there was significant overlap in the three populations, a trend toward increasing average wall thickness-from 1.32 to 2.16 mu m-with increasing tap density was observed. Compressive property data including failure load, failure strain, fracture energy, and stiffness were obtained for individual microballoons. Comparison of these data, both inter- and intra-tap density, has yielded some viable trends. CMB failure strain exhibited a dependence upon the inverse square root of the CMB diameter, and CMB failure load depended linearly upon CMB stiffness. Averages for each tap density's failure load, pseudo-stiffness, and fracture energy were also calculated and observed to increase with tap density. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlisle, KB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, BEC 254,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 3987 EP 3997 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7574-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300005 ER PT J AU Koopman, M Chawla, KK Carlisle, KB Gladysz, GM AF Koopman, M. Chawla, K. K. Carlisle, K. B. Gladysz, G. M. TI Microstructural failure modes in three-phase glass syntactic foams SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; COMPRESSION; FEATURES AB Samples of syntactic foam containing hollow glass microspheres of 0.108 and 0.253 g/cm(3) tap densities, some with a silane surface treatment, were subjected to different stress states and examined for failure modes. All foams contained the same volume fraction of APO-BMI, a bismaleimide resin binder. The samples were tested in compression and in three-point bend, and mechanical properties were compared between the various foams. Microsphere strength had a strong effect on overall uniaxial compressive strength with interface strength playing a secondary, yet significant role. In three-point bending, the role of the interface was much more critical. Cross sections of the compression test samples were examined by optical microscopy, and fracture surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koopman, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 1530 3rd Ave S BEC 254, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4009 EP 4014 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7601-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300007 ER PT J AU Chavez, GM Lewis, MW Lenke, LR AF Chavez, G. M. Lewis, M. W. Lenke, L. R. TI Shear properties of CMB syntactic foam SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI AB In this research, a triaxial shear test is used as a means to provide yield surface data as well as other strength characteristics for carbon microballoon (CMB) syntactic foam. Additionally, pure shear tests and tensile tests are used to probe areas of this stress space not included in the triaxial shear tests. The data are used to characterize the material's yield strength in stress space. The determined yield surface, the strain and other deformational behavior characteristics provide the necessary information for an accurate model and engineering design. The CMB foam specimens were divided into two sets: one with Thornel pitch-based carbon fibers and one without; both use Kerimid 601 as the binder, The CMB syntactic foam with fibers exhibited lower shear strength than the CMB syntactic foam without fibers. This is evident not only in the determined shear envelopes but also in the values obtained for the hydrostatic yield of both foams. Complementary analysis of the blending process of mixing fibers with CMB has been shown to destroy the microballoons and thus reduce the foams strength. The consequences of incorporating alternative materials can be verified with further testing. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Enng, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87541 USA. RP Chavez, GM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Enng, MSC01 1070 1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gchav@unm.edu; mlewis@lanl.gov; lenke@unm.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4015 EP 4022 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7602-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300008 ER PT J AU Steckle, WP Schoonover, JR Lanier, NE Nobile, A AF Steckle, W. P., Jr. Schoonover, J. R. Lanier, N. E. Nobile, A. TI Dopeable styrenic foams used in inertial fusion targets SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI ID DENSITY AB Low density polymer foams have been an integral part of targets used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments. In order to accomplish this the formulation of the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) foam had to be optimized. Along with a change in density and the incorporation of fillers into a foam, there is also a change in the pore size and the distribution of pore sizes. The emulsion technique used to produce these foams is amenable to modification providing foams with a wide range of densities, 15 mg/cm(3) to 500 mg/cm(3), and metal loadings up to 90 percent by weight. A qualitative distribution of pore size can be seen visually with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At low metal loadings SEM did not observe the submicron metal particles. The distribution of these particles in the foam matrix was seen with near-infrared imaging. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steckle, WP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, MST-7,MS E-549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4055 EP 4060 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7636-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300012 ER PT J AU Shabde, VS Hoo, KA Gladysz, GM AF Shabde, V. S. Hoo, K. A. Gladysz, G. M. TI Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI ID COMPOSITES; PREDICTION; CONTACT AB Syntactic foams are attractive for applications that require materials with high impact strength and low thermal conductivities. Because syntactic foams are manufactured by dispersing hollow microspheres in a resinous matrix, their characteristics are functions of the type and relative amounts of these materials. In this work, a discussion of an experimental approach to measure the thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams (hollow carbon microspheres in a porous APO-BMI binder, analysis of the data and the comparison to predictive models are presented. The thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams is measured using a Holometrix (c) steady-state heat flow meter. The experimental data are found to be accurate to within a reasonable range of experimental error and are compared to three of the more reliable predictive models that have been used successfully to estimate the thermal conductivity of similar foams. It is observed that the model predictions at lower temperatures are more accurate as compared to those at higher temperatures. Also, that a model based on the concept of self-consistent field theory better predicts the thermal conductivity of syntactic foams than one based on resistance-in-series. Sensitivity studies indicate a strong dependency of the thermal conductivity of the three-phase foams on the thermal conductivity of the carbon used in the microspheres. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoo, KA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM karlene.hoo@ttu.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4061 EP 4073 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7637-x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300013 ER PT J AU Gladysz, GM Perry, B Mceachen, G Lula, J AF Gladysz, G. M. Perry, B. Mceachen, G. Lula, J. TI Three-phase syntactic foams: structure-property relationships SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Syntactic and Composite Foams CY AUG 01-05, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP ECI ID COMPRESSION AB This study addresses a unique problem that occurs in composite materials containing hollow reinforcements, that is the density-filler content relationship. Unlike a traditional solid reinforcement, a hollow reinforcement can be manufactured with a variety of densities. Subsequently, when fabricating composite materials with a particular density requirement, a large variation in volume percent of that reinforcing phase can occur. Hollow reinforcements under consideration are carbon microballoons (CMBs) of various densities determined by both tap density and pycnometry. Our approach is to study several different densities and volume percents of microballoons while maintaining a constant volume percent (8.5%) of the polymer binder phase. The resulting syntactic foams are three-phase materials consisting of binder, microballoon (MB), and interstitial void phases. The volume of the MB and binder phase is measured by helium pycnometry. The complementary volume of the interstitial void phase will depend on the volume of microballoons in the billet. Mechanical characterization is done by compression and flexure testing and results are discussed to highlight structure-property relationships. Results show that, in addition to bulk density of the foam, the packing arrangement of the CMBs is an important factor in the mechanical behavior of the foam and is shown to be an important design criterion. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA MEE, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Honeywell FM&T, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. RP Gladysz, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA MEE, MS C930, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gladysz@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4085 EP 4092 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-7646-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300015 ER PT J AU Shyam, A Lara-Curzio, E AF Shyam, A. Lara-Curzio, E. TI The double-torsion testing technique for determination of fracture toughness and slow crack growth behavior of materials: A review SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TOUGHENED ALUMINA CERAMICS; THERMOPLASTIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FRONT SHAPE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LOADING CONFIGURATION; PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR; IMPROVED METHODOLOGY; JOINT PROSTHESES AB The double-torsion testing technique for fracture toughness and slow crack growth determination has been critically reviewed. The analytical compliance and finite element stress analyses of the double-torsion test specimen are summarized. The fracture toughness and crack growth testing procedure using this test configuration is described along with the applicable relationships. The strengths and limitations of this testing technique vis-a-vis other standardized techniques have been critically evaluated. While the double-torsion test method has some limiting features it has been demonstrated that its applicability is not limited as long as these are addressed correctly. Recommendations for conducting double-torsion experiments have been provided and potential avenues for improvement of this test method have been identified. It is concluded based on the review that standardization of this test method is required in order to make it more practicable. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM laracurzioe@ornl.gov OI Shyam, Amit/0000-0002-6722-4709 NR 92 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4093 EP 4104 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-5553-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300016 ER PT J AU Anderson, BM Hurst, SK Spangler, L Abbott, EH Martellaro, P Pinhero, PJ Peterson, ES AF Anderson, B. M. Hurst, S. K. Spangler, L. Abbott, E. H. Martellaro, P. Pinhero, P. J. Peterson, E. S. TI Growth and characterization of partially oxidized platinum polymers in nanoscale templates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; COMPLEXES; DIOXALATOPLATINATE; FABRICATION AB The polymerization capabilities and characteristics of the electrochemically prepared partially oxidized (PO) salts of the bis(oxalato)platinate(II) (Pt-Ox) and tetra(cyano)platinate(II) (Pt-CN) complexes were investigated via optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polymers were synthesized in glass capillary templates at lengths of 900 mm, as well as through porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates with pore diameters of 200 nm and 20 nm respectively. The average diameter of the unconstricted polymeric structures of PO Pt-Ox and PO potassium Pt-CN salts were found to be approximately 200 nm and 700 nm respectively. The PO Pt-Ox polymers, which are brittle in macroscale form when dehydrated, were found to possess significant flexibility on the nanoscale even after exposure to air for 2 months. During the electrochemical syntheses, the formation of the PO polymers could be directed by varying the positions and the number of electrodes. Growth of the polymers through AAO templates, caused further reduction in the diameter of the nanoscopic polymers. TEM analysis observed polymeric strands having diameters ranging from 3 nm to 5 nm and containing approximately 30 individual anionic chains. A new PO guanidinium (Guan) containing Pt-Ox complex, (Guan)(1.61)Pt(C2O4)(2)center dot H2O, was synthesized and characterized. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Hurst, SK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM shurst@montana.edu RI Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 13 BP 4251 EP 4258 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-5429-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 067DQ UT WOS:000239282300038 ER PT J AU Varela, M Pennycook, TJ Tian, W Mandrus, D Pennycook, SJ Pena, V Sefrioui, Z Santamaria, J AF Varela, Maria Pennycook, Timothy J. Tian, Wei Mandrus, David Pennycook, Stephen J. Pena, Vanessa Sefrioui, Zouhair Santamaria, Jacobo TI Atomic scale characterization of complex oxide interfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID SUPERLATTICES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LAYERS AB Complex oxides exhibit the most disparate behaviors, from ferroelectricity to high T (c) superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance to insulating properties. For these reasons, oxide thin films are of interest for electronics and the emerging field of spintronics. But epitaxial complex oxide ultrathin films and heterostructures can be significantly affected or even dominated by the presence of interfaces and may exhibit intriguing new physical properties quite different from the bulk. A study of the relations between structure and chemistry at the atomic scale is needed to understand the macroscopic properties of such "interface-controlled" materials. For this purpose, the combination of aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) represents a very powerful tool. The availability of sub-(A) over circle ngstrom probes allows a level of unprecedented detail when analyzing not only the interface structure with sensitivity to single atoms, but also the interface chemistry. In this work state of the art STEM-EELS will be applied to the study of different oxide interfaces in heterostructures with titanates, manganites and cuprates based on the perovskite structure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Varela, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 3025M,MS 6030,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mvarela@ornl.gov RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Pennycook, Timothy/B-4946-2014; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Pennycook, Timothy/0000-0002-0008-6516; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4389 EP 4393 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0150-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900003 ER PT J AU Dwyer, C Ziegler, A Shibata, N Winkelman, GB Satet, RL Hoffmann, MJ Cinibulk, MK Becher, PF Painter, GS Browning, ND Cockayne, DJH Ritchie, RO Pennycook, SJ AF Dwyer, C. Ziegler, A. Shibata, N. Winkelman, G. B. Satet, R. L. Hoffmann, M. J. Cinibulk, M. K. Becher, P. F. Painter, G. S. Browning, N. D. Cockayne, D. J. H. Ritchie, R. O. Pennycook, S. J. TI Interfacial structure in silicon nitride sintered with lanthanide oxide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; GROWTH AB Three independent research groups present a comparison of their structural analyses of prismatic interfaces in silicon nitride densified with the aid of lanthanide oxide Ln(2)O(3). All three groups obtained scanning transmission electron microscope images which clearly reveal the presence of well-defined Ln segregation sites at the interfaces, and, moreover, reveal that these segregation sites are element-specific. While some results differ across the three research groups, the vast majority exhibits good reproducibility. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keram Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dwyer, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM dwyer@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Dwyer, Christian/G-5678-2012; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Shibata, Naoya/E-5327-2013; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4405 EP 4412 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0152-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900005 ER PT J AU LaGrange, T Campbell, GH Colvin, JD Reed, B King, WE AF LaGrange, Thomas Campbell, Geoffrey H. Colvin, Jeffrey D. Reed, Bryan King, Wayne E. TI Nanosecond time resolved electron diffraction studies of the alpha ->beta in pure Ti thin films using the dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID TRANSFORMATION AB The transient events of the alpha-beta martensitic transformation in nanocrystalline Ti films were explored via single-shot electron diffraction patterns with 1.5 ns temporal resolution. The diffraction patterns were acquired with a newly constructed dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM), which combines nanosecond pulsed laser systems and pump-probe techniques with a conventional TEM. With the DTEM, the transient events of fundamental material processes can be captured in the form of electron diffraction patterns or images with nanosecond temporal resolution. The transient phenomena of the martensitic transformations in nanocrystalline Ti is ideally suited for study in the DTEM, with their rapid nucleation, characteristic interface velocities -1 km/s, and significant irreversible microstructural changes. Free-standing 40-nm-thick Ti films were laser-heated at a rate of 10(10) K/s to a temperature above the 1155 K transition point, then probed at various time intervals with a 1.5-ns-long, intense electron pulse. Diffraction patterns show an almost complete transition to the beta phase within 500 ns. Post-mortem analysis (after the sample is allowed to cool) shows a reversion to the alpha phase coupled with substantial grain growth, lath formation, and texture modification. The cooled material also shows a complete lack of apparent dislocations, suggesting the possible importance of a "massive" short-range diffusion transformation mechanism. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP LaGrange, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lagrange2@llnl.gov RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4440 EP 4444 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0090-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900009 ER PT J AU Jenkins, ML Zhou, Z Dudarev, SL Sutton, AP Kirk, MA AF Jenkins, M. L. Zhou, Z. Dudarev, S. L. Sutton, A. P. Kirk, M. A. TI Electron microscope weak-beam imaging of stacking fault tetrahedra: observations and simulations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID DIFFRACTION CONTRAST IMAGES; DISLOCATION LOOPS; ANGULAR DISLOCATION; DEFECT CLUSTERS; COPPER AB Weak-beam diffraction-contrast electron microscope images of stacking-fault tetrahedra (SFT) have been simulated by solving numerically the Howie-Basinski equations, which are well suited for studying the dependence of image contrast on experimental parameters. These simulated images are in good qualitative agreement with experimental transmission electron micrographs. The visibility of small SFT and the relationship between measured image sizes and real SFT sizes are discussed. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EURATOM, UKAEA, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jenkins, ML (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM mike.jenkins@materials.ox.ac.uk NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4445 EP 4453 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0089-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900010 ER PT J AU Deneen, J Mook, WM Minor, A Gerberich, WW Carter, CB AF Deneen, Julia Mook, William M. Minor, Andrew Gerberich, William W. Carter, C. Barry TI In situ deformation of silicon nanospheres SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PLASMA PARTICLE DEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC SOLIDS; SURFACE-ENERGY; SIZE; CONTACT; NANOINDENTATION; NANOCRYSTALS; ADHESION AB As a natural response to the ongoing trend of device miniaturization, many effects of scaling on the properties of materials have become well documented. However, the mechanical properties of individual nanoparticles are not well understood and the direct observation of nanoparticle deformation has only recently been achieved. This work investigates the mechanical behavior of silicon nanospheres in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) using an in situ indentation sample holder. In situ TEM studies provide information which is not accessible by more traditional means, including particle orientation prior to deformation and the type and location of any preexisting defects. In this study, isolated nanoparticles were located and compressed between a diamond tip and a sapphire substrate. Here, the deformation behavior of individual particles is investigated and analogous strain fields between small particles are discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, CB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM carter@cems.umn.edu RI Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4477 EP 4483 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0085-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900013 ER PT J AU Torrey, JD Bordia, RK Henager, CH Blum, Y Shin, Y Samuels, WD AF Torrey, Jessica D. Bordia, Rajendra K. Henager, Charles H., Jr. Blum, Yigal Shin, Yongsoon Samuels, William D. TI Composite polymer derived ceramic system for oxidizing environments SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 25-30, 2005 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS ID FILLER-CONTROLLED PYROLYSIS; PRECERAMIC POLYMERS; MEMS; FABRICATION; MULLITE; CARBON AB Preceramic polymers and expansion agents are being investigated to produce composite ceramic coatings for oxidation protection of metallic substrates. In this paper, we present results of a systematic approach to selecting the preceramic polymer and expansion agents and the optimization of the processing parameters to produce composite ceramics. Six commercially available poly(silsesquioxane) polymers and a polysiloxane were studied. In addition, several metals and an intermetallic were considered as potential expansion agents. Based on this study, the most desirable polymer/expansion agent combination and optimal processing parameters have been identified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bordia, RK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 302 Roberts Hall,Box 352120, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bordia@u.washington.edu OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4617 EP 4622 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0242-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 073CT UT WOS:000239720900027 ER PT J AU Hogea, CS Murray, BT Sethian, JA AF Hogea, CS Murray, BT Sethian, JA TI Simulating complex tumor dynamics from avascular to vascular growth using a general level-set method SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multicell model; avascular; vascular; tumor angiogenic factor; angiogenesis; vascularization; necrotic core; level set method; narrow band; finite differences ID NONLINEAR SIMULATION; ADVANCING FRONTS; CURVATURE; EVOLUTION; EQUATIONS; FLOW AB A comprehensive continuum model of solid tumor evolution and development is investigated in detail numerically, both under the assumption of spherical symmetry and for arbitrary two-dimensional growth. The level set approach is used to obtain solutions for a recently developed multi-cell transport model formulated as a moving boundary problem for the evolution of the tumor. The model represents both the avascular and the vascular phase of growth, and is able to simulate when the transition occurs; progressive formation of a necrotic core and a rim structure in the tumor during the avascular phase are also captured. In terms of transport processes, the interaction of the tumor with the surrounding tissue is realistically incorporated. The two-dimensional simulation results are presented for different initial configurations. The computational framework, based on a Cartesian mesh/narrow band level-set method, can be applied to similar models that require the solution of coupled advection-diffusion equations with a moving boundary inside a fixed domain. The solution algorithm is designed so that extension to three-dimensional simulations is straightforward. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94721 USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 86 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00285-006-0378-2 PG 49 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 056DI UT WOS:000238501000004 PM 16791651 ER PT J AU Serrano, JR Phinney, LM Kearney, SP AF Serrano, JR Phinney, LM Kearney, SP TI Micro-Raman thermometry of thermal flexure actuators SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ELECTROTHERMAL ACTUATORS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SILICON; SCATTERING AB Micro-Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool for obtaining temperature measurements in active semiconductor and MEMS devices. By using the temperature-calibrated response of the polysilicon Raman signature, we have obtained spatially resolved temperature measurements of U-shaped electro-thermal actuators. Both the peak position and the line width of the characteristic Raman peak have been used as temperature metrics. The measured thermal profiles are further compared to numerical models of the electro-thermal response of the devices as designed and fabricated. The obtained thermal profiles are in qualitative agreement with published modeled thermal profiles of similar devices and are within 15 degrees C of our modeled profiles. These measurements represent the first reported experimental temperature profile measurements for flexure type actuators and can be used to validate the existing models. Moreover, the comparison of line width and position-based temperatures are in good agreement, differing slightly over the flexure regions of the device. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serrano, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrserra@sandia.gov; lmphinn@sandia.gov; spkearn@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/7/004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 053BX UT WOS:000238279700004 ER PT J AU Hunter, LL Skala, DM Levey, BS AF Hunter, L. L. Skala, D. M. Levey, B. S. TI Investigation of sidewall cracking in PMMA LIGA structures SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION LITHOGRAPHY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); STRESS; DEVELOPER; EXPOSURE; QUALITY AB During x-ray exposure in the LIGA process, the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) photoresist undergoes chain scission, which reduces the molecular weight of the exposed materials. Under some exposure and development conditions, sidewall cracking is observed on the PMMA sidewall, creating surface texture that is undesirable. In this research, exposed and developed PMMA sidewalls were examined for evidence of crack formation using optical profilometry. PMMA thickness, exposure dose and delay time between the end of exposure and beginning of development were varied. Our analysis of samples, with three different radiation doses and four different delay times from the end of exposure to the beginning of development, indicate that the first occurrence of cracking and the extent of cracking are affected by both the dose and the development delay time. This work includes the examination of the depth of cracks into the PMMA, distance between cracks, the width of cracks and the relationship between crack occurrence and dose profile. An empirical predictive model to correlate the delay time to the observance of sidewall cracking based on the deposited dose is presented. This information has direct implication for predicting processing conditions and logistics for LIGA fabricated parts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hunter, LL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM llhunte@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1181 EP 1188 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/7/010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 053BX UT WOS:000238279700010 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Wang, L Mehta, N Morshed, S Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, O Prorok, BC AF Zhou, B Wang, L Mehta, N Morshed, S Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, O Prorok, BC TI The mechanical properties of freestanding near-frictionless carbon films relevant to MEMS SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; DEPOSITION; HARDNESS; MODULUS; DEVICES AB Amorphous, diamond-like carbon films with a mixture of sp(2) and sp(3) hybridizations have exhibited excellent material properties such as chemical stability, wear resistance and optical transparency resulting in their wide use as protective coatings in numerous applications. The hydrogenated forms of these films, a-C:H, and specifically the near-frictionless carbon (NFC) films developed at Argonne National Laboratory have exhibited the lowest ever recorded friction coefficient, 0.001, and ultra-low wear rates of 10(-11)-10(-10) mm(3) N-1 m(-1), even under dry sliding conditions and at very high contact pressures (Robertson 2002 Diamond-like amorphous carbon Mater. Sci. Eng. R 37 129). Application of these films to sliding or rotating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) would open up an entirely new class of commercialized MEMS devices. With this in mind, this paper reports on thin-film mechanical property measurements of the NFC films relevant to MEMS. The membrane deflection experiment was employed to subject microfabricated freestanding films to pure tension and measure mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, residual stress and fracture strength. Young's modulus was consistently measured at 35.13 +/- 2.29 GPa. The fracture strength varied from 0.12 GPa to 0.90 GPa and the residual stress state was compressive and ranged from 79 MPa to 310 MPa. Width and thickness effects of the membranes were also observed in this work, where fracture strength increased with decreasing membrane width and thickness. Weibull analysis of the fracture strength is also presented in the paper. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhou, B (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Prorok@auburn.edu RI Prorok, Barton/A-7404-2010 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1374 EP 1381 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/7/035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 053BX UT WOS:000238279700035 ER PT J AU McCabe, RJ Teter, DF AF McCabe, Rodney J. Teter, David F. TI Analysis of recrystallized volume fractions in uranium using electron backscatter diffraction SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE EBSD; OIM; recrystallization; uranium ID GRAIN-GROWTH; TEXTURE AB Electron backscatter diffraction was used to examine the recrystallization behaviour of warm, clock-rolled uranium. A new uranium preparation method was developed, resulting in acceptable specimen surface finishes nearly every time, even for as-rolled specimens. Recrystallized fractions were differentiated from unrecrystallized fractions using differences in the grain average misorientation, a measure of the internal level of misorientation within a grain. This new approach better estimates the recrystallized fraction than hardness measurements, and has the advantage over standard metallographic techniques of providing texture information. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmccabe@lanl.gov OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 223 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01595.x PN 1 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 061RK UT WOS:000238889900005 PM 16872429 ER PT J AU Comolli, LR Kundmann, M Downing, KH AF Comolli, L. R. Kundmann, M. Downing, K. H. TI Characterization of intact subcellular bodies in whole bacteria by cryo-electron tomography and spectroscopic imaging SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE cryo-electron microscopy; cryo-electron tomography; electron energy loss; spectroscopy difference imaging; tomographic reconstruction; volume rendering ID ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE; CAULOBACTER-CRESCENTUS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; CELL; CYANOBACTERIA; ORGANIZATION; ARCHITECTURE AB We illustrate the combined use of cryo-electron tomography and spectroscopic difference imaging in the study of subcellular structure and subcellular bodies in whole bacteria. We limited our goal and focus to bodies with a distinct elemental composition that was in a sufficiently high concentration to provide the necessary signal-to-noise level at the relatively large sample thicknesses of the intact cell. This combination proved very powerful, as demonstrated by the identification of a phosphorus-rich body in Caulobacter crescentus. We also confirmed the presence of a body rich in carbon, demonstrated that these two types of bodies are readily recognized and distinguished from each other, and provided, for the first time to our knowledge, structural information about them in their intact state. In addition, we also showed the presence of a similar type of phosphorus-rich body in Deinococcus grandis, a member of a completely unrelated bacteria genus. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography allowed the study of the biogenesis and morphology of these bodies at resolutions better than 10 nm, whereas spectroscopic difference imaging provided a direct identification of their chemical composition. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 223 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01597.x PN 1 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 061RK UT WOS:000238889900006 PM 16872430 ER PT J AU Lucas, P King, EA Horner, AD Johnson, BR Sundaram, SK AF Lucas, Pierre King, Ellyn A. Horner, Adam D. Johnson, Bradley R. Sundaram, S. K. TI Photostructural relaxation in As-Se-S glasses: Effect of network fragility SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenides; laser-matter interactions; photoinduced effects; enthalpy relaxation; fragility; structural relaxation ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; AS2S3 GLASS; CONSTRAINT THEORY; COOLING RATE; TEMPERATURE; PERCOLATION; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; SELENIUM AB The effect of photoinduced structural relaxation in As-S-Se glass is investigated during sub-bandgap irradiation. It is shown that the glass undergoes rapid optically induced structural relaxation upon photoexcitation of bonding electrons. Fragile systems exhibit larger relaxation as expected from their enthalpy profile. This suggests that the process is thermodynamically driven and that the kinetic impediment to relaxation at low temperature is lifted through photoinduced softening of the glass matrix. Activation energy for enthalpy relaxation measurement and an annealing study near T-g show that the photorelaxation effect is not a thermally activated process. The < r > dependence of photostructural changes is addressed and explained using the energy landscape formalism. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lucas, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 4715 E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM Pierre@u.arizona.edu NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 21-22 BP 2067 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 060JZ UT WOS:000238799800002 ER PT J AU Hrma, P Vienna, JD Wilson, BK Plaisted, TJ Heald, SM AF Hrma, Pavel Vienna, John D. Wilson, Benjamin K. Plaisted, Trevor J. Heald, Steve M. TI Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE chemical durability; oxidation reduction; crystallization; nuclear and chemical wastes; borosilicates; phases and equilibria; thermodynamics ID LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE AB This paper reports the phase behavior of a multi-component borosilicate glass melt with 0-3 mass% Cr(2)O(3) at 800-1500 degrees C in equilibrium with air. Both upper and lower liquidus temperatures were observed. When the temperature was between the upper and lower liquidus temperatures, eskolaite (Cr(2)O(3)) formed in melts with > 2 mass% Cr(2)O(3). Below the lower liquidus temperature, a dispersed chromate phase appeared in the melt that eventually became macroscopically segregated. The chemical durability of the glasses was virtually unaffected by chromium concentration. The particular glass studied was prototypic for vitrifying high-Cr high-level radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at the Hanford site. The results suggest a significant potential cost benefit for Hanford tank waste cleanup through increased waste solubility in glass. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vienna, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 999,K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.vienna@pnl.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 21-22 BP 2114 EP 2122 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.051 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 060JZ UT WOS:000238799800009 ER PT J AU Zocco, TG Schwartz, DS Park, J AF Zocco, TG Schwartz, DS Park, J TI Investigation of plutonium allotropic phase transformations through differential scanning calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The investigation of phase transformations in high purity plutonium metal using a differential scanning calorimetrv technique is reported, as a function of both heating and subsequent cooling. Data obtained in this study is compared to previous literature values, showing reasonable agreement for the various measurements. The unique features of this investigation are the very high purity metal used for experimentation, the isolation and analysis of the delta <-> delta' transformation. and the reverse transformation behavior of the five solid-solid allotropic transformations upon cooling. It is believed this is the first time complete cooling curves have been published for plutonium phase transformations. The results confirm the slow kinetics of transformations below the delta phase and the unusual martensitic-like behavior of the delta <-> gamma phase change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zocco, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, MS G721, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zocco@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.085 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 059ZI UT WOS:000238770300014 ER PT J AU Sitek, A Reutter, BW Huesman, RH Gullberg, GT AF Sitek, Arkadiusz Reutter, Bryan W. Huesman, Ronald H. Gullberg, Grant T. TI Method of generating multiple sets of experimental phantom data SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SPECT; databases; numerical phantoms; experimental phantoms ID RECONSTRUCTION; SPECT AB Currently, 2 types of phantoms (physical and computer generated) are used for testing and comparing tomographic reconstruction methods. Data from physical phantoms include all physical effects associated with the detection of radiation. However, with physical phantoms it is difficult to control the number of detected counts, simulate the dynamics of uptake and washout, or create multiple noise realizations of an acquisition. Computer-generated phantoms can overcome some of the disadvantages of physical phantoms, but simulation of all factors affecting the detection of radiation is extremely complex and in some cases impossible. To overcome the problems with both types of phantoms, we developed a physical and computer-generated hybrid phantom that allows the creation of multiple noise realizations of tomographic datasets of the dynamic uptake governed by kinetic models. Methods: The method is phantom and camera specific. We applied it to an anthropomorphic torso phantom with a cardiac insert, using a SPECT system with attenuation correction. First, real data were acquired. For each compartment (heart, blood pool, liver, and background) of the physical phantom, large numbers of short tomographic projections were acquired separately for each angle. Sinograms were built from a database of projections by summing the projections of each compartment of the phantom. The amount of activity in each phantom compartment was regulated by the number of added projections. Sinograms corresponding to various projection times, configurations and numbers of detector heads, numbers of noise realizations, numbers of phantom compartments, and compartment-specific time-activity curves in MBq/cm(3) were assembled from the database. Results: The acquisition produced a database of 120 projection angles ranging over 360 degrees. For each angle, 300 projections of 0.5 s each were stored in 128 x 128 matrices for easy access. The acquired database was successful in the generation of static and dynamic sinograms for which the myocardial uptake and washout was governed by a compartment kinetic model. Conclusion: A method has been developed that allows creation of sinograms of physical phantoms with the capacity to control the number of noise realizations, the level of noise, the dynamics of uptake in the phantom compartments, and the acquisition parameters and acquisition modes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Med & Funct Imaging Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Med & Funct Imaging Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ASitek@lbl.gov OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL50663, R01HL71253]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB00121] NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1192 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 061NM UT WOS:000238879300022 PM 16818954 ER PT J AU Bertrand, F Bramley, R Bernholdt, DE Kohl, JA Sussman, A Larson, JW Damevski, KB AF Bertrand, Felipe Bramley, Randall Bernholdt, David E. Kohl, James A. Sussman, Alan Larson, Jay W. Damevski, Kostadin B. TI Data redistribution and remote method invocation for coupled components SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2005) CY APR 03-08, 2005 CL Denver, CO DE common component architecture; model coupling; parallel data redistribution; parallel remote method invocation ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; TOOLKIT AB With the increasing availability of high-performance massively parallel computer systems, the prevalence of sophisticated scientific simulation has grown rapidly. The complexity of the scientific models being simulated has also evolved, leading to a variety of coupled multi-physics simulation codes. Such cooperating parallel programs require fundamentally new interaction capabilities, to efficiently exchange parallel data structures and collectively invoke methods across programs. So-called "M x N" research, as part of the common component architecture (CCA) effort, addresses these special and challenging needs, to provide generalized interfaces and tools that support flexible parallel data redistribution and parallel remote method invocation. Using this technology, distinct simulation codes with disparate distributed data decompositions can work together to achieve greater scientific discoveries. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Maryland, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM febertra@indiana.edu; bramley@indiana.edu; bernholdtde@ornl.gov; kohlja@ornl.gov; als@cs.umd.edu; larson@mcs.anl.gov; damevski@cs.utah.edu RI Damevski, Kostadin/F-4476-2014 OI Damevski, Kostadin/0000-0001-7799-2026 NR 54 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 7 SI SI BP 931 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2005.12.009 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 057JC UT WOS:000238591100006 ER PT J AU English, NJ Sorescu, DC Johnson, JK AF English, Niall J. Sorescu, Dan C. Johnson, J. Karl TI Effects of an external electromagnetic field on rutile Tio(2): A molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE oxides; crystal structure; diffusion ID ZEOLITE-GUEST SYSTEMS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; TIO2 POLYMORPHS; LIQUID WATER; SUMMATION; OXIDES; POTENTIALS; ENERGIES; DEFECTS AB Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of the bulk rutile phase of TiO2 have been carried out in an intense external electromagnetic field with frequency in the microwave to far-infrared range. Simulations were performed in constant-volume ensembles with and without a thermostat coupled to the atomic degrees of freedom, at 298 K and from 298 K to well above the crystal melting temperature, respectively. Fields were applied along the a and c crystallographic directions. Both the Lekner and Ewald techniques were used to handle long-range electrostatics and the impact of different choices of Ewald parameters on the results has been evaluated. It was found that the ions respond rapidly to the field. The peaks and troughs in the Ti-Ti radial distribution functions were sharpened relative to the zero-field case at the instants of maximum electric field intensity, but little evidence of this was found for the Ti-O or O-O distributions. For pure Newtonian dynamics, the 500 GHz field excited the vibrational modes to the greatest extent, raising the system temperature at the fastest rate. For temperatures above 2000-2500 K, the crystal structure was found to melt. In the canonical ensemble, the 50 GHz field led to the greatest enhancement of ionic translational mobility. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP English, NJ (reprint author), St Johns Innovat Ctr, Chem Comp Grp, Cambridge CB4 0WS, England. EM nenglish@chemcomp.com RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1399 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.01.101 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 076RW UT WOS:000239976400006 ER PT J AU Yao, WM Amsler, C Asner, D Barnett, RM Beringer, J Burchat, PR Carone, CD Caso, C Dahl, O D'Ambrosio, G De Gouvea, A Doser, M Eidelman, S Feng, JL Gherghetta, T Goodman, M Grab, C Groom, DE Gurtu, A Hagiwara, K Hayes, KG Hernandez-Rey, JJ Hikasa, K Jawahery, H Kolda, C Kwon, Y Mangano, ML Manohar, AV Masoni, A Miquel, R Monig, K Murayama, H Nakamura, K Navas, S Olive, KA Pape, L Patrignani, C Piepke, A Punzi, G Raffelt, G Smith, JG Tanabashi, M Terning, J Tornqvist, NA Trippe, TG Vogel, P Watari, T Wohl, CG Workman, RL Zyla, PA Armstrong, B Harper, G Lugovsky, VS Schaffner, PS Artuso, M Babu, KS Band, HR Barberio, E Battaglia, M Bichel, H Biebel, O Bloch, P Blucher, E Cahn, RN Casper, D Cattai, A Ceccucci, A Chakraborty, D Chivukula, RS Cowan, G Damour, T De Grand, T Desler, K Dobbs, MA Drees, M Edwards, A Edwards, DA Elvira, VD Erler, J Fetscher, W Fields, BD Foster, B Froidevaux, D Gaisser, TK Garren, L Gerber, HJ Gerbier, G Gibbons, L Gilman, FJ Giudice, GF Gritsan, AV Grunewald, M Haber, HE Hagmann, C Hinchliffe, I Hocker, A Igo-Kemenes, P Jackson, JD Johnson, KF Karlen, D Kayser, B Kirkby, D Klein, SR Kleinknecht, K Knowles, JG Kowalewski, RV Kreitz, P Krusche, B Kuyanov, YV Lahav, O Langacker, P Liddle, A Ligeti, Z Liss, TM Littenberg, L Liu, JC Lugovsky, KS Lugovsky, SB Mannel, T Marciano, WJ Martin, AD Milstead, D Narain, M Nason, P Nir, Y Peacock, JA Prell, SA Quadt, A Raby, S Ratcliff, BN Razuvaev, EA Renk, B Richardson, PR Roesler, S Rolandi, G Roman, MT Rosenberg, LJ Sachrajda, CT Sakai, Y Sarkar, S Schmitt, M Schneider, O Scott, D Sjostrand, T Smoot, GF Sokolsky, P Spanier, S Spieler, H Stahl, A Staney, T Streitmatter, RE Sumiyoshi, T Tkachenko, NP Trilling, GH Valencia, G van Bibber, K Vincter, MG Ward, DR Webber, BR Wells, JD Whalley, M Wolfenstein, L Womersley, J Woody, CL Yamamoto, A Zenin, OV Zhang, J Zhu, RY AF Yao, W-M Amsler, C. Asner, D. Barnett, R. M. Beringer, J. Burchat, P. R. Carone, C. D. Caso, C. Dahl, O. D'Ambrosio, G. De Gouvea, A. Doser, M. Eidelman, S. Feng, J. L. Gherghetta, T. Goodman, M. Grab, C. Groom, D. E. Gurtu, A. Hagiwara, K. Hayes, K. G. Hernandez-Rey, J. J. Hikasa, K. Jawahery, H. Kolda, C. Kwon, Y. Mangano, M. L. Manohar, A. V. Masoni, A. Miquel, R. Moenig, K. Murayama, H. Nakamura, K. Navas, S. Olive, K. A. Pape, L. Patrignani, C. Piepke, A. Punzi, G. Raffelt, G. Smith, J. G. Tanabashi, M. Terning, J. Toernqvist, N. A. Trippe, T. G. Vogel, P. Watari, T. Wohl, C. G. Workman, R. L. Zyla, P. A. Armstrong, B. Harper, G. Lugovsky, V. S. Schaffner, P. S. Artuso, M. Babu, K. S. Band, H. R. Barberio, E. Battaglia, M. Bichel, H. Biebel, O. Bloch, P. Blucher, E. Cahn, R. N. Casper, D. Cattai, A. Ceccicco, A. Chakraborty, D. Chivukula, R. S. Cowan, G. Damour, T. De Grand, T. Desler, K. Dobbs, M. A. Drees, M. Edwards, A. Edwards, D. A. Elvira, V. D. Erler, J. Fetscher, W. Fields, B. D. Foster, B. Froidevaux, D. Gaisser, T. K. Garren, L. Gerber, H. J. Gerbier, G. Gibbons, L. Gilman, F. J. Giudice, G. F. Gritsan, A. V. Grunewald, M. Haber, H. E. Hagmann, C. Hinchliffe, I. Hocker, A. Igo-Kemenes, P. Jackson, J. D. Johnson, K. F. Karlen, D. Kayser, B. Kirkby, D. Klein, S. R. Kleinknecht, K. Knowles, J. G. Kowalewski, R. V. Kreitz, P. Krusche, B. Kuyanov, Y. V. Lahav, O. Langacker, P. Liddle, A. Ligeti, Z. Liss, T. M. Littenberg, L. Liu, J. C. Lugovsky, K. S. Lugovsky, S. B. Mannel, T. Marciano, W. J. Martin, A. D. Milstead, D. Narain, M. Nason, P. Nir, Y. Peacock, J. A. Prell, S. A. Quadt, A. Raby, S. Ratcliff, B. N. Razuvaev, E. A. Renk, B. Richardson, P. R. Roesler, S. Rolandi, G. Roman, M. T. Rosenberg, L. J. Sachrajda, C. T. Salao, Y. Sarkar, S. Schmitt, M. Schneider, O. Scott, D. Sjostrand, T. Smoot, G. F. Sokolsky, P. Spanier, S. Spieler, H. Stahl, A. Staney, T. Streitmatter, R. E. Sumiyoshi, T. Tkachenko, N. P. Trilling, G. H. Valencia, G. van Bibber, K. Vincter, M. G. Ward, D. R. Webber, B. R. Wells, J. D. Whalley, M. Wolfenstein, L. Womersley, J. Woody, C. L. Yamamoto, A. Zenin, O. V. Zhang, J. Zhu, R. Y. CA Particle Data Grp TI Review of particle physics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2633 new measurements from 689 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of guage bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. among the 110 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ETH, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hillsdale Coll, Dept Phys, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA. Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cittadella Univ Monserrato, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cagliari, I-09042 Moserrato, CA, Italy. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Granada, CAFPE, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab 106 38, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, COMPAS Grp, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Inst Hautes Etud Sci, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. MIT, Dept Phys & Lab Nucl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Physikzentrum, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. High Energy Accel Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Chinese Acad Sci, IHEP, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Dept Phys 256 48, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Yao, WM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Chivukula, R. Sekhar/C-3367-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013; Hernandez-Rey, Juan Jose/N-5955-2014; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Navas, Sergio/N-4649-2014; OI Olive, Keith/0000-0001-7201-5998; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Sjostrand, Torbjorn/0000-0002-7630-8605; Watari, Taizan/0000-0002-8879-1008; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Chivukula, R. Sekhar/0000-0002-4142-1077; Nason, Paolo/0000-0001-9250-246X; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Hernandez-Rey, Juan Jose/0000-0002-1527-7200; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Navas, Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Webber, Bryan/0000-0001-7474-0990 NR 4 TC 3864 Z9 3894 U1 48 U2 245 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP + DI 10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001 PG 1211 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 077FC UT WOS:000240012400001 ER PT J AU Armour, W Allton, CR Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Armour, W. Allton, C. R. Leinweber, D. B. Thomas, A. W. Young, R. D. TI Unified chiral analysis of the vector meson spectrum from lattice QCD SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXTRAPOLATION; WILSON; SCALE AB The chiral extrapolation of the vector meson mass calculated in partially quenched lattice simulations is investigated. The leading one-loop corrections to the vector meson mass are derived for partially quenched QCD. A large sample of lattice results from the CP-PACS Collaboration is analysed, with explicit corrections for finite lattice spacing artefacts. To incorporate the effect of the opening decay channel as the chiral limit is approached, the extrapolation is studied using a necessary phenomenological extension of chiral effective field theory. This chiral analysis also provides a quantitative estimate of the leading finite volume corrections. It is found that the discretization, finite-volume and partial quenching effects can all be very well described in this framework, producing an extrapolated value of M. in excellent agreement with experiment. This procedure is also compared with extrapolations based on polynomial forms, where the results are much less enlightening. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Armour, W (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RI Armour, Wes/G-6883-2012; Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Armour, Wes/0000-0003-1756-3064; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Allton, Christopher/0000-0003-0795-124X NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 971 EP 991 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/7/007 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 058DV UT WOS:000238646100008 ER PT J AU Chien, A Maxwell, RS DeTeresa, S Thompson, L Cohenour, R Balazs, B AF Chien, A Maxwell, RS DeTeresa, S Thompson, L Cohenour, R Balazs, B TI Effects of filler-polymer interactions on cold-crystallization kinetics in crosslinked, silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane/polydiphenylsiloxane copolymer melts SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crosslink density; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); filled siloxane polymers; isothermal dynamic mechanical analysis; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ID PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; POLYORGANOSILOXANES; RUBBER AB Crystallization in a series of variable crosslink density poly(dimethyldiphenyl)siloxanes random block copolymers reinforced through a mixture of precipitated and fumed silica fillers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (I)MA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The silicone composite studied was composed of 94.6 mol % dimethoylsiloxane, 5.1 mol % diphenylsiloxane, and 0.3 mol % methyl-vinyl siloxane (which formed crosslinking after peroxide cure). The polymer was filled with a mixture of 21.6 wt % fumed silica and 4.0 wt % precipitated silica previously treated with 6.8 wt % ethoxy-end-blocked siloxane processing aid. Molecular weight between crosslinks and filler-polymer interaction strength were modified by exposure to gamma-irradiation in either air or in vacuo. Isothermal DMA experiments illustrated that crystallization at -85 degrees C occurred over a 1.8 hour period in silica-filled systems and 2.2-2.6 hours in unfilled systems. The crystallization kinetics for irradiated samples were found to be dependent on crosslink density. Irradiation in vacuo resulted in faster overall crystallization rates compared to air irradiation for the same crosslink density, likely due to a reduction in the interaction between the polymer chains and the silica filler surface for samples irradiated in air. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. LLC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Honeywell Inc, Fed Mfg & Technol, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. RP Maxwell, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM maxwell7@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 13 BP 1898 EP 1906 DI 10.1002/polb.20848 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 056DP UT WOS:000238501800012 ER PT J AU Cooper, M Shepherd, JE AF Cooper, M. Shepherd, J. E. TI Detonation tube impulse in subatmospheric environments SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL-MODEL AB Thrust from a multicycle pulse detonation engine operating at practical flight altitudes will vary with surrounding environment pressure. We have carried out the first experimental study using a detonation tube hung in a ballistic pendulum arrangement within a large pressure vessel to determine the effect that the environment has on the single-cycle impulse. Air pressure decreased below 100 kPa, whereas initial pressure of the stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen mixture inside the tube varied between 100 and 30 kPa. The original impulse model (Wintenberger et al., Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2002, pp. 22-38) was modified to predict the observed increase in impulse and blowdown time as the environmental pressure decreased below 1 atm. Comparisons between the impulse from detonation tubes and ideal steady-flow rockets indicate incomplete expansion of the detonation tube exhaust, resulting in a 37% difference in impulse at a pressure ratio (ratio of pressure behind the Taylor wave to environmental pressure) of 100. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid & Aero Expt Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Dept Aeronaut, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cooper, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid & Aero Expt Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Shepherd, Joseph/B-5997-2014 OI Shepherd, Joseph/0000-0003-3181-9310 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.2514/1.16979 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 064RQ UT WOS:000239107200017 ER PT J AU Janssen, AP Tardif, RR Landry, SR Warner, JE AF Janssen, AP Tardif, RR Landry, SR Warner, JE TI "Why tell me now?" The public and healthcare providers weigh in on pandemic influenza messages SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material DE influenza; messages; pandemic AB As scientists closely watch avian influenza A (H5N1) or "bird flu" as a potential progenitor of an influenza pandemic, researchers from the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education conducted with focus groups with the public and interviews with healthcare providers to test pandemic influenza messages. General public findings include variable awareness of pandemic influenza, subtle changes in terms (eg, flu or influenza), and challenged communication; and "vaccine priority group" opposition to the term priority group because it meant they could be left out. Healthcare providers reported Goggle and local infectious disease specialists as dominant sources of pandemic information. The results of the study provide specific guidance for those who will develop messages about pandemic influenza for the public and healthcare provider audiences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Directors Off, Seattle, WA USA. RP Janssen, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MSE-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alan.janssen@cdc.hhs.gov NR 3 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058BU UT WOS:000238640100013 PM 16775537 ER PT J AU Karen, P Moodenbaugh, AR Goldberger, J Santhosh, PN Woodward, PM AF Karen, P Moodenbaugh, AR Goldberger, J Santhosh, PN Woodward, PM TI Electronic, magnetic and structural properties of A(2)VMoO(6) perovskites (A = Ca, Sr) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metallic perovskite oxides; Pauli paramagnetic oxides ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; OXIDES; SRVO3 AB The perovskites Sr2VMoO6 and Ca2VMoO6 have been synthesized by liquid-mix technique in citrate melts, and their electronic, magnetic and structural properties have been investigated. No signs of V/Mo ordering are seen by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, but despite the chemical disorder both oxides are highly conductive and Pauli paramagnetic. Electrical conductivities of these solid solutions are comparable or higher than those reported for polycrystalline AMoO(3) end members. It is suggested that the delocalized metallic conductivity of these compounds with two different transition-metal atoms implies valence equilibrium between the degenerate oxidation-state couples V4+Mo4+ and V3+Mo5+. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Karen, P (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, POB 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. EM pavel.karen@kjemi.uio.no RI Karen, Pavel/A-9062-2008; Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016; OI Karen, Pavel/0000-0003-2937-6477; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 179 IS 7 BP 2120 EP 2125 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.04.013 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 057ZM UT WOS:000238633700025 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Kahng, B Kim, JS AF Ben-Naim, E. Kahng, B. Kim, J. S. TI Dynamics of multi-player games SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE applications to game theory and mathematical economics; interacting agent models; nonlinear dynamics; stochastic processes ID PHASE; MODEL AB We analyse the dynamics of competitions with a large number of players. In our model, n players compete against each other and the winner is decided based on the standings: in each competition, the mth ranked player wins. We solve for the long time limit of the distribution of the number of wins for all n and m using scaling analysis of the nonlinear evolution equations, and find three different scenarios. When the best player wins, the standings are most competitive as there is one tier with a clear differentiation between strong and weak players. When an intermediate player wins, the standings are two-tier with equally strong players in the top tier and clearly-separated players in the lower tier. Interestingly, the size and the strength of the upper tier are nontrivial. When the worst player wins, the standings are least competitive as there is one tier in which all of the players are equal. We conclude that controlling the rank of the winner provides a way of controlling social inequalities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; kahng@phya.snu.ac.kr; nakzii@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JUL PY 2006 AR P07001 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07001 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 072JQ UT WOS:000239670100025 ER PT J AU Glesne, D Vogt, S Maser, J Legnini, D Huberman, E AF Glesne, D Vogt, S Maser, J Legnini, D Huberman, E TI Regulatory properties and cellular redistribution of zinc during macrophage differentiation of human leukemia cells SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biometals; differentiation; myeloid; protein kinase C; zinc ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PHORBOL ESTER; HL-60 CELLS; ALPHA(5)BETA(1) INTEGRIN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; METALLOTHIONEIN; COPPER; INDUCTION AB Many proteins require the binding of trace metals such as Ca, Fe, Cu, or Zn, which may modulate their structure, function, or activity. To determine if there were any overall changes in metalloprotein distribution or metal concentration during the process of macrophage differentiation we induced human myeloid HL-60 leukemia cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and quantitatively mapped their metal content using hard X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis. We found a transient increase in the zinc content of HL-60 cell nuclei during the early stages of differentiation induction. This finding was confirmed by spectrofluorometry in HL-60 cells and extended to U-937 leukemia cells. A role for protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) in this process was established by examining zinc content in an HL-60 variant, HL-525, which is PKC-beta deficient, and in HL-525 cells in which PKC-beta was restored by stable overexpression. Chemical chelation of both Cu and Zn served to inhibit macrophage differentiation in HL-60 cells, indicating a requirement for these metals during this process. Finally, we demonstrate that growth of HL-60 cells in a low-zinc environment removes their susceptibility to PMA-induced differentiation, and that this capacity can be partially restored by the addition of exogenous zinc. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Gene Express & Funct Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huberman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Gene Express & Funct Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM elih@anl.gov RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA80826] NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1016/jjsb.2005.09.012 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100002 PM 16495082 ER PT J AU Palmer, BM Vogt, S Chen, ZY Lachapelle, RR LeWinter, MM AF Palmer, BM Vogt, S Chen, ZY Lachapelle, RR LeWinter, MM TI Intracellular distributions of essential elements in cardiomyocytes SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium; iron; copper; zinc ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ZINC FINGERS; DNA-BINDING; MUSCLE; CELLS; MICROSCOPY; RELEASE; SENSORS; METALS; TISSUE AB We describe the intracellular distributions of nine essential elements (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) found in cardiomyocytes imaged using synchrotron X-ray induced fluorescence. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from rat hearts, flash frozen on Si3N4 windows, freeze-dried, and imaged with approximately 300nm spatial resolution. Distinct longitudinal patterns in cardiomyocytes were most apparent for the elements Fe and Cu, which clearly colocalized. Transverse striations were apparent for P, S, Fe, and Zn, while those for Zn were consistently the most prominent (similar to 10(-3) M) and appeared with a periodicity in the range 1.63-1.75 mu m, the expected length of a sarcomere. Transverse striations for high concentrations of P, Fe, and Zn and low concentrations of S colocalized and coincided with the 1-band of the intact cardiomyocyte. Fluorescence microscopy using FluoZin-3 in intact cardiomyocytes suggests that Zn2+ influx is through sarcolemmal calcium channels and that significant stores of intracellular Zn2+ may be released quickly (< 1 s) into the cytosol. These data collectively suggest that Zn2+ is buffered by structures associated near the T-tubules and/or in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is found in relative abundance sufficient to act as a modifier of Ca2+ regulation or as a possible signaling messenger for gene expression. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Palmer, BM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM paimer@physiology.med.uvm.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52087] NR 37 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/jjsb.2005.11.017 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100003 PM 16621603 ER PT J AU Mcrae, R Lai, B Vogt, S Fahrni, CJ AF McRae, Reagan Lai, Barry Vogt, Stefan Fahrni, Christoph J. TI Correlative microXRF and optical immunofluorescence microscopy of adherent cells labeled with ultrasmall gold particles SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy; FluoroNanogold; correlative microscopy; immunolluorescence labeling ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COLLOIDAL GOLD; FLUORESCENCE; BIOLOGY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; CULTURES; DISEASE AB Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (microXRF) is a powerful tool to study the two-dimensional distribution of a wide range of biologically relevant elements in tissues and cells. By growing mouse fibroblast cells directly on formvar-carbon coated electron microscopy grids, microXRF elemental maps with well-defined subcellular resolution were obtained. In order to colocalize the elemental distribution with the location of specific cellular structures and organelles, we explored the application of a commercially available secondary antibody conjugated to FluoroNanogold, a dual-label that combines a regular organic fluorophore with a 1.4 nm Au-cluster as xenobiotic label for microXRF imaging. Adherent mouse fibroblast cells were grown on silicon nitride windows serving as biocompatible XRF support substrate, and labeled with FluoroNanogold in combination with primary antibodies specific for mitochondria or the Golgi apparatus, respectively. Raster scanning of the in-air dried cells with an incident X-ray energy of 11.95 keV, sufficient to ensure excitation of the Au L alpha line, provided two-dimensional maps with submicron resolution for An as well as for most biologically relevant elements. MicroXRF proved to be sufficiently sensitive to image the location and structural details of the Au-labeled organelles, which correlated well with the subcellular distribution visualized by means of optical fluorescence microscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lai, B (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 770 State St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM blai@aps.anl.gov; fahrni@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM067169, R01GM067169] NR 30 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100004 PM 16473527 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Wang, Q Telivala, TP Smith, RJ Lanzirotti, A Miklossy, J AF Miller, LM Wang, Q Telivala, TP Smith, RJ Lanzirotti, A Miklossy, J TI Synchrotron-based infrared and X-ray imaging shows focalized accumulation of Cu and Zn co-localized with beta-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; amyloid; metal; synchrotron; infrared micro-spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence microprobe ID DECONVOLVED FTIR SPECTRA; A-BETA; SENILE PLAQUES; PEPTIDE; ZINC; PROTEINS; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; DICHROISM; FIBRILS; BINDING AB Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the misfolding and plaque-like accumulation of a naturally occurring peptide in the brain called amyloid beta (A beta). Recently, this process has been associated with the binding of metal ions such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). It is thought that metal dyshomeostasis is involved in protein misfolding and may lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage. However, the exact role of the misfolded proteins and metal ions in the degenerative process of AD is not yet clear. In this study, we used synchrotron Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (FTIRM) to image the in situ secondary structure of the amyloid plaques in brain tissue of AD patients. These results were spatially correlated with metal ion accumulation in the same tissue sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microprobe. For both techniques, a spatial resolution of 5-10 pm was achieved. FTIRM results showed that the amyloid plaques have elevated beta-sheet content, as demonstrated by a strong amide I absorbance at 1625 cm(-1). Using SXRF microprobe, we find that AD tissue also contains "hot spots" of accumulated metal ions, specifically Cu and Zn, with a strong spatial correlation between these two ions. The "hot spots" of accumulated Zn and Cu were co-localized with beta-amyloid plaques. Thus for the first time, a strong spatial correlation has been observed between elevated beta-shect content in A beta plaques and accumulated Cu and Zn ions, emphasizing an association of metal ions with amyloid formation in AD. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ British Columbia, Kinsmen Lab Neurol Res, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov RI Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM66873] NR 39 TC 256 Z9 259 U1 6 U2 67 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1016/jjsb.2005.09.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100005 PM 16325427 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Alderden, RA Zhang, M Beale, PJ Cai, ZH Lai, B Stampfl, APJ Hambley, TW AF Hall, MD Alderden, RA Zhang, M Beale, PJ Cai, ZH Lai, B Stampfl, APJ Hambley, TW TI The fate of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) anti-cancer agents in cancer cells and tumours SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE platinum; SRIXE; cancer cells; reduction; reductive activation ID OXIDATION-STATE; COMPLEXES; CISPLATIN; EFFICACY; DRUGS AB SRIXE mapping has been used to gain insight into the fate of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes in cells and tumours treated with anticancer active complexes to facilitate the development of improved drugs. SRIXE maps were collected of thin sections of human ovarian (A2780) cancer cells treated with bromine containing platinum complexes, cis-[PtCl2(3-Brpyr)(NH3)] (3-Brpyr = 3-bromopyridine) and cis, trans, cis-[PtCl2(OAcBr)2(NH3)(2)] (OAcBr = bromoacetate), or a platinum complex with an intercalator attached cis-[PtCl2(2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione)(NH3)]. After 24 h the complexes appear to be localised in the cell nucleus with a lower concentration in the surrounding cytoplasm. In cells treated with cis[PtCl2(3-Brpyr)(NH3)] the concentration of bromine was substantially higher than in control cells and the bromine was co-localised with the platinum consistent with the 3-bromopyridine ligand remaining bound to the platinum. The cells treated with cis, trans, cis[PtCl2(OAcBr)(2)(NH3)(2)] also showed an increased level of bromine, but to a much lesser extent than for those treated with cis-[PtCl2(3-Brpyr)(NH3)] suggestive of substantial reduction of the platinum(IV) complex. Maps were also collected from thin sections of a 4T1.2 neo 1 mammary tumour xenograft removed from a mouse 3 h after treatment with cis, trans, cis-[PtCl2(OH)(2)(NH3)(2)] and revealed selective uptake of platinum by one cell. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem F11, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Phys, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Hambley, TW (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem F11, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM t.hambley@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Hall, Matthew/B-2132-2010 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/jjsb.2006.01.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100006 PM 16630726 ER PT J AU Liu, GJ Huang, WD Moir, RD Vanderburg, CR Lai, B Peng, ZC Tanzi, RE Rogers, JT Huang, XD AF Liu, GJ Huang, WD Moir, RD Vanderburg, CR Lai, B Peng, ZC Tanzi, RE Rogers, JT Huang, XD TI Metal exposure and Alzheimer's pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE metal; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid precursor protein; A beta amyloidosis; laser capture microdissection; X-ray fluorescence microscopy ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; PRIMARY NEURONAL CULTURES; A-BETA PEPTIDE; TRANSGENIC MICE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SENILE PLAQUES; BINDING-SITE; IN-VIVO AB With the growing aging population in Western countries, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major public health concern. No preventive measure and effective treatment for this burdensome disease is currently available. Genetic, biochemical, and neuropathological data strongly suggest that A beta amyloidosis, which originates from the amyloidogenic processing of a metalloprotein-amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the key event in AD pathology. However, neurochemical factors that impact upon the age-dependent cerebral AD amyloidogenesis are not well recognized. Growing data indicate that cerebral dysregulation of biometals, environmental metal exposure, and oxidative stress contribute to AD pathology. Herein we provided further evidence that both metals (such as Cu) and H2O2 promote formation of neurotoxic A beta oligomers. Moreover, we first demonstrated that laser capture microdissection coupled with X-ray fluorescence microscopy can be applied to determine elemental profiles (S, Fe, Cu, and Zn) in A beta amyloid plaques. Clearly the fundamental biochemical mechanisms linking brain biometal metabolism, environmental metal exposure, and AD pathophysiology warrant further investigation. Nevertheless, the study of APP and A beta metallobiology may identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention and/or provide diagnostic methods for AD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MassGen Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, Genet & Aging Res Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Div Environm Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Adv Tissue Resource Ctr, Harvard Ctr Neurodegenerat & Repair, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Neurochem Lab, Neurosci & Drug Discovery Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, XD (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, MassGen Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, Genet & Aging Res Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM huangx@helix.mgh.harvard.edu RI Liu, Guijian/M-9597-2014 FU NIA NIH HHS [5 R01 AG20181]; NIMH NIH HHS [5 K01 MH002001] NR 67 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/jjsb.2005.12.011 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 058AS UT WOS:000238637100007 PM 16503166 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. TI Lattice effects in superconducting cuprates SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INPLANE SPECTRAL WEIGHT; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-SEPARATION; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS; LIQUID AB It is widely accepted that the remarkable properties of complex transition-metal oxides, such as colossal magnetoresistivity, are consequences of collaborative behaviors of many degrees of freedom, namely spin, charge, orbital moment and lattice. In stark contrast, most of the theories on the mechanism of the high-temperature superconductivity focus only on the spin degree of freedom. We suggest that the complex behaviors of the cuprates, including the electronic phase separation, involve charge as well as lattice degrees of freedom, and the interplay of the lattice and spin may be centrally important to the superconductivity of the cuprates. We speculate that an intermediate phase may appear when the Mott-Hubbard insulator is doped, and may support the two-component superconductivity involving spins and phonons. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 EI 1557-1947 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0158-7 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100011 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML AF Cohen, Marvin L. TI Electron-phonon-induced superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; electron-phonon interactions; superconducting transition temperature maximizing ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; CARBON NANOTUBES; MGB2 AB Some background regarding the evolution of calculations, predictions, and approaches to understand and increase T-c for phonon-mediated superconductivity is presented. This is followed by a description of a successful "after the fact" theoretical study of MgB2 and a description of current thinking about the relationship between phonon renormalization and Tc. It is then argued that in the search for high T(c)s the evolution has gone from searching for high density of states materials to high electron-phonon couplings described by.. Finally, it is suggested that the focus on finding large. can be supplemented by a search for large electronic spring constants.. This is expected to be particularly relevant for the highest Tc materials in this class of superconductors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cohen, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 EI 1557-1947 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0163-x PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100016 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Koshelev, AE AF Bulaevskii, L. N. Koshelev, A. E. TI Radiation from flux flow in Josephson junction structures SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PLASMA RESONANCE; COLLECTIVE MODE; VORTEX STATE; FISKE STEPS; PHASE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GENERATION; EXCITATION; LATTICE AB We derive the radiation power from a single Josephson junction (JJ) and from layered superconductors in the flux-flow regime. For JJ case, we formulate the boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields at the edges of the superconducting leads using the Maxwell equations in the dielectric media and find dynamic boundary conditions for the phase difference in JJ which account for the radiation. We derive the fraction of the power fed into JJ transformed into the radiation. In a finite-length JJ this fraction is determined by the dissipation inside JJ and it tends to unity as dissipation vanishes independently of mismatch of the junction and dielectric media impedances. We formulate also the dynamic boundary conditions for the phase difference in intrinsic JJs in highly anisotropic layered superconductors of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 type at the boundary with free space. Using these boundary conditions, we solve equations for the phase difference in the linear regime of Josephson oscillations for rectangular and triangular lattices of Josephson vortices. In the case of rectangular lattice for crystals with the thickness along the c-axis much larger than the radiation wavelength, we estimate the radiation power per unit length in the direction of magnetic field at the frequency 1 THz as similar to N mu W/cm for Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 and similar to 0.04N mu W/cm for Bi(2)Sr(2)CaC(u)2O(8). For crystals with thickness smaller than the radiation wavelength, we found that the radiation power in the resonance is independent on number of layers and can be estimated at 1THz as 0.5 W/cm (Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8) and 24 mW/cm (Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8). For rectangular lattice, due to superradiation regime, up to half of power fed into the crystal may be converted into the radiation. In the case of triangular or random lattice in the direction perpendicular to the layers, the fraction of power converted into the radiation depends on the dissipation rate and is much lower than for rectangular lattice in the case of high-temperature superconductors with nodes in the gap. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0176-5 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100022 ER PT J AU Li, D Rosenstein, B Vinokur, V AF Li, D. Rosenstein, B. Vinokur, V. TI Hierarchical nature of the vortex matter in type II superconductors due to competition between interactions, thermal fluctuations and disorder SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article ID LATTICE MELTING TRANSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; PHASE-TRANSITION; SPIN-GLASSES; DRIVEN INTERFACES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB We describe quantitatively the combined effects of both the thermal fluctuations and of the quenched disorder via the replica trick applied to the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory. We show that the vortex state can appear in either of the three disordered phases: (i) unpinned vortex liquid, (ii) amorphous vortex glass ( pinned), and (iii) the crystalline ( pinned but not containing topological defects) Bragg glass. The formation of the vortex glass is associated with the continuous replica symmetry breaking (RSB) reflecting the hierarchial structure of the potential barriers in a vortex glass state. An earlier analysis in the framework of London approximation have established that activation barriers controlling vortex dynamics obey the extreme value statistics within roughly the same domain of the phase diagram. We show that the disordered GL model in which only the coefficient at the quadratic term vertical bar psi vertical bar(2) is random, first considered by Dorsey et al., exhibits, in the gaussian approximation, an additional nonhierarchical state possessing certain glassy properties like nonzero Edwards - Anderson order parameter. We associate this state with the "marginal glass phase" predicted in the earlier work of one of the authors; the marginal glass state being characterized by the marginally glassy dynamics. We show further that when the random component of the coefficient of the quartic term vertical bar psi vertical bar(4) in GL free energy is taken into account, RSB effects appear. Application of the obtained results to description of various disorder-generated phenomena in vortex matter are briefly considered. The location of the glass transition line is determined and compared to experiments. This line is clearly different from both the melting line and the second peak line describing the translational and rotational symmetry breaking at high and low temperatures respectively. The phase diagram is separated by these two lines into the four phases described above. C1 Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 87 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 369 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0177-4 PG 25 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100023 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Abrahams, E AF Balatsky, Alexander V. Abrahams, Elihu TI Effect of impurities on supersolid condensate: A Ginzburg-Landau approach SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOSPIN MODEL; QUANTUM; CRYSTALS AB Basing our arguments on a wavefunction that contains both positional and superfluid order, we propose a Ginzburg-Landau functional for a supersolid with the two order parameters necessary to describe such a phase: density n(B)(r) and supersolid order parameter psi(V). We argue that adding lighter. He-3 atoms to a He-4 supersolid produces attractive regions for vacancies, leading to patches of higher T-c. On the other hand, the supersolid stiffness decreases in this granular state with increased He-3 disorder. Both effects are linear in He-3 concentration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Serin Phys Lab, Ctr Mat Theory, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0178-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100024 ER PT J AU Schuller, IK Gray, KE AF Schuller, Ivan K. Gray, K. E. TI Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau: From single particle to collective behavior SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE critical slowing down; Ginzburg-Landau; relaxation times; superconductors ID QUASIPARTICLE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; ORDER-PARAMETER; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXATION-TIME; PAIR DENSITY; STATE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; EQUATIONS; ELECTRONS; SYMMETRY AB The Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions is one of the most successful and elegant theories that have a very general applicability to a large variety of phenomena. Moreover, its extension into time domain has produced a wealth of interesting new predictions and applications all the way from materials science to cosmology. Here, we describe applications of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory to conventional superconductors and show that there is a clear-cut transition in the time dependence from single particle to collective behavior as a function temperature. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schuller, IK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0179-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100025 ER PT J AU Chu, CW AF Chu, C. W. TI A tribute to vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg - A great physicist of the 20th century SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Chu, CW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0183-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100029 ER PT J AU Strongin, M AF Strongin, Myron TI The influence of vitaly Ginzburg on a young scientist SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB In some sense the BCS theory was so successful in the 1960's, that people thought it would be the basis of understanding the experimental work on superconducting alloys and compounds. Looking back, there was much controversy at the time and there were some persuasive arguments that there was a limit to the transition temperature of alloy systems. However, there were some thoughtful people, including Vitaly Ginzburg, who championed the possibility of higher T-c's. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Strongin, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0172-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100033 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, F Goldhaber, M Goldhaber-Gordon, D AF Goldhaber, Fred Goldhaber, Maurice Goldhaber-Gordon, David TI Greetings from three generations of Goldhabers to Academician Ginzburg, on the occasion of your 90th birthday SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Goldhaber, F (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 467 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0174-7 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100035 ER PT J AU Bozovic, I AF Bozovic, Ivan TI About physics, myself, and Ginzburgs SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bozovic, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3-5 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s10948-006-0175-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139AJ UT WOS:000244404100036 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Catalano, JG Park, C Zhang, Z AF Fenter, P. Catalano, J. G. Park, C. Zhang, Z. TI On the use of CCD area detectors for high-resolution specular X-ray reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; ANGLE CALCULATIONS; DIFFRACTION; DIFFRACTOMETER; INTERFACES; (001)-WATER; SCATTERING AB The use and application of charge coupled device (CCD) area detectors for high-resolution specular X-ray reflectivity is discussed. Direct comparison of high-resolution specular X-ray reflectivity data measured with CCD area detectors and traditional X-ray scintillator ('point') detectors demonstrates that the use of CCD detectors leads to a substantial (similar to 30-fold) reduction in data acquisition rates because of the elimination of the need to scan the sample to distinguish signal from background. The angular resolution with a CCD detector is also improved by a factor of similar to 3. The ability to probe the large dynamic range inherent to high-resolution X-ray reflectivity data in the specular reflection geometry was demonstrated with measurements of the orthoclase (001)- and alpha-Al2O3 (012)-water interfaces, with measured reflectivity signals varying by a factor of similar to 10(6) without the use of any beam attenuators. Statistical errors in the reflectivity signal are also derived and directly compared with the repeatability of the measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1107/S0909049506018000 PN 4 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 056YD UT WOS:000238560100001 PM 16799220 ER PT J AU Young, LW Westcott, ND Attenkofer, K Reaney, MJT AF Young, LW Westcott, ND Attenkofer, K Reaney, MJT TI A high-throughput determination of metal concentrations in whole intact Arabidopsis thaliana seeds using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; metal concentration; Arabidopsis thaliana seed; high-throughput screening ID WILD-TYPE; ELEMENTS; EXPRESSION; NUTRIENT; MUTANT; PLANTS; XANES AB The identification of genes involved in metal metabolism in plants requires the `screening' of thousands of genetic variants. While inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy has been used to identify variants with an altered total metal concentration, a more convenient high-throughput technique capable of examining individual seeds (or other tissues) would be useful. Here, the high brightness of synchrotron radiation has been utilised to examine relative metal concentrations in seeds of the genetically well characterised plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The relative concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn in individual seeds were determined using a 500 mu m x 500 mu m beam. Metal concentrations were normally distributed, except where metal-containing dust contaminated the samples. Neither seed orientation nor genetic background (from three `wild type' variants with different genetic lineages) had a significant affect on the Zn-normalised metal concentration. No advantages, such as the observation of tissue-specific metal accumulation, were obtained by using a 50 mu m x 50 mu m beam. A high-throughput proof-of-concept experiment was demonstrated that could be used to screen libraries of genetic variants for individuals with altered metal concentrations. Further work is required to standardise the technique before screening of libraries is possible. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Appl Microbiol & Food Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, BESSRC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reaney, MJT (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Appl Microbiol & Food Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM martin.reaney@usask.ca NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1107/S0909049506019571 PN 4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 056YD UT WOS:000238560100002 PM 16799221 ER PT J AU Wong, J Larson, EM Waide, PA Frahm, R AF Wong, J Larson, EM Waide, PA Frahm, R TI Combustion front dynamics in the combustion synthesis of refractory metal carbides and di-borides using time-resolved X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE time-resolved X-ray diffraction; combustion synthesis; metal carbides; metal di-borides ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE AB A compact diffraction-reaction chamber, using a 2-inch photodiode array detector, has been employed to investigate the chemical dynamics at the combustion front of a selected series of refractory metal carbides and di-borides from their constituent element reactants as well as binary products from B4C as a reactant. These systems are denoted as (i) M + C -> MC; (ii) M + 2B -> MB2; and (iii) 3M + B4C -> 2MB(2) + MC, where M = Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf or Ta. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction using intense synchrotron radiation at frame rates up to 10 frames s(-1) (or 100 ms frame(-1)) was employed. The combustion reactions were found to complete within 200-400 ms. In contrast to the Ta + C -> TaC combustion system studied earlier, in which a discernible intermediate sub-carbide phase was first formed, reacted further and disappeared to yield the final TaC product, no intermediate sub-carbide or sub-boride was detected in the current systems. Combustion for the Ti, Zr and Hf systems involved a liquid phase, in which the adiabatic temperatures T-ad are well above the melting points of the respective reactant metals and have a typical combustion front velocity of 5-6 mm s(-1). The Nb and Ta systems have lower T-ad, involving no liquid phase. These are truly solid combustion systems and have a lower combustion front velocity of 1-2 mm s(-1). The current study opens up a new avenue to chemical dynamics and macrokinetic investigations of high-temperature solid-state reactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Grand Canyon Univ, Coll Sci & Allied Hlth, Phoenix, AZ 85017 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM exafs_materials@sbcglobal.net NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 13 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1107/S0909049506020796 PN 4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 056YD UT WOS:000238560100005 PM 16799224 ER PT J AU Gu, Z Edgar, JH Wang, CM Coffey, DW AF Gu, Z Edgar, JH Wang, CM Coffey, DW TI Thermal oxidation of aluminum nitride powder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ALN THIN-FILMS; AIN; CRYSTALS; KINETICS; GROWTH; GAN AB The oxidation kinetics, morphology, and crystallinity of aluminum nitride (AlN) powder thermally oxidized in flowing oxygen were determined from 800 degrees to 1150 degrees C. At 800 degrees C the oxidation became detectable with weight change. AlN powder was almost completely oxidized at 1050 degrees C after only 0.5 h. Amorphous aluminum oxide formed at relatively low temperatures (800 degrees-1000 degrees C), with a linear oxidation rate governed by the oxygen-nitride interfacial reaction. Transmission electron microscopy displayed individual aluminum oxide grains which formed a discontinuous oxide layer at this temperature range. The aluminum oxide was crystalline at higher temperatures (> 1000 degrees C), as detected by X-ray diffraction, and the density of oxide grains increased with temperature. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guzheng@ksu.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2167 EP 2171 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01065.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055GT UT WOS:000238438900016 ER PT J AU Al-Sharab, JF Cosandey, F Singhal, A Skandan, G Bentley, J AF Al-Sharab, JF Cosandey, F Singhal, A Skandan, G Bentley, J TI TEM characterization of nanostructured MgAl2O4 synthesized by a direct conversion process from gamma-Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MGAL2O4; SPINEL; GEL; ALKOXIDE; POWDER; PRECURSORS AB Nanostructured MgAl2O4 spinel was synthesized by a direct conversion process from cubic gamma-Al2O3. The effect of post-annealing temperature (300 degrees, 500 degrees, and 800 degrees C) on MgAl2O4 phase formation was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Relative diffraction intensities as well as lattice parameter measurements from SAED revealed that MgAl2O4 spinel structure starts forming at temperatures as low as 300 degrees C. EELS and EDS spectrum images also revealed an increase in elemental homogeneity with increasing annealing temperature. The degree of ordering of Mg and Al between octahedral and tetrahedral sites has been determined from relative diffraction intensities. Results show that annealing to 800 degrees C leads to a spinel phase with an order parameter of 0.78. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NEI Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cosandey, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM cosandey@rci.rutgers.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2279 EP 2285 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01020.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055GT UT WOS:000238438900030 ER PT J AU Jun, IK Kong, YM Lee, SH Kim, HE Kim, HW Goretta, KC AF Jun, IK Kong, YM Lee, SH Kim, HE Kim, HW Goretta, KC TI Reinforcement of a reticulated porous ceramic by a novel infiltration technique SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CELL; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The strength of a reticulated porous ZrO2 ceramic was improved significantly by applying a novel infiltration technique. In a conventional reticulated porous ZrO2 cellular ceramic, a polymer foam is coated with the ceramic. Heat treatment produces triangularly shaped pore channels within most of the ceramic struts of the reticulated body. These channels are detrimental to mechanical strength. In an infiltration process under vacuum, a ZrO2 slurry was filled partially into the triangular pore channels of the ZrO2 body. Accordingly, the tips of these triangular pore channels became rounded and previously cracked strut walls were mended. As a result, the compressive strength of the reticulated ZrO2 was more than doubled compared with that obtained from specimens not subjected to the infiltration process. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Dankrook Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, HE (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kimhe@snu.ac.kr NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2317 EP 2319 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00997.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055GT UT WOS:000238438900039 ER PT J AU Goeringer, DE Viehland, LA Danailov, DM AF Goeringer, Douglas E. Viehland, Larry A. Danailov, Daniel M. TI Prediction of collective characteristics for ion ensembles in quadrupole ion traps without trajectory simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SIMILAR DEVICES; MOMENT THEORY; 3-TEMPERATURE THEORY; ARBITRARY STRENGTH; INTERNAL ENERGY; KINETIC-THEORY; GASEOUS-IONS; MOTION AB Fundamental aspects are presented of a two-temperature moment theory for quadrupole ion traps developed via transformation of the Boltzmann equation. Solutions of the moment equations correspond to changes in the ensemble average for an), function of ion velocity because the Boltzmann equation reflects changes to an ion distribution as a whole. T e function of primary interest in this paper is the ion effective temperature and its behavior during ion storage and resonance excitation. Calculations suggest that increases in ion effective temperature during resonance excitation are due primarily to power absorption from the main RF trapping field rather than from the dipolar excitation signal. The dipolar excitation signal apparently serves mainly to move ions into regions of the ion trap where the RF electric field, and thus ion RF heating, is greater than near the trap center. Both ideal and non-ideal ion trap configurations are accounted for in the moment equations by incorporating parameterized variables (a) over tilde and (q) over tilde, which are modified versions of the commonly used forms for the DC and AC ring voltages, and (b) over tilde and (d) over tilde, which are new forms that account for the voltages applied to the endcaps. Besides extending the applicability of the moment equations to non-ideal quadrupole ion traps, the modified versions of the parameterized variables can have additional utility. Calculation of the spatial dependence of ion secular oscillation frequencies is demonstrated as an example. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chatham Coll, Div Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Goeringer, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, POB 2008,MS-6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goeringerde@ornl.gov NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 889 EP 902 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.03.016 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 061KC UT WOS:000238869900002 PM 16731002 ER PT J AU Tabb, DL Shah, MB Strader, MB Connelly, HM Hettich, RL Hurst, GB AF Tabb, David L. Shah, Manesh B. Strader, Michael Brad Connelly, Heather M. Hettich, Robert L. Hurst, Gregory B. TI Determination of peptide and protein ion charge states by Fourier transformation of isotope-resolved mass spectra SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; DECONVOLUTION; ASSIGNMENT; DATABASE AB We report an automated method for determining charge states from high-resolution mass spectra. Fourier transforms of isotope packets from high-resolution mass spectra are compared to Fourier transforms of modeled isotopic peak packets for a range of charge states. The charge state for the experimental ion packet is determined by the model isotope packet that yields the best match in the comparison of the Fourier transforms. This strategy is demonstrated for determining peptide ion charge states from "zoom scan" data from a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, enabling the subsequent automated identification of singly-through quadruply-charged peptide ions, while reducing the numbers of conflicting identifications from ambiguous charge state assignments. We also apply this technique to determine the charges of intact protein ions from LC-FTICR data, demonstrating that it is more sensitive under these experimental conditions than two existing algorithms. The strategy outlined in this paper should be generally applicable to mass spectra obtained from any instrument capable of isotopic resolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hurst, GB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hurstgb@ornl.gov RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 903 EP 915 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.003 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 061KC UT WOS:000238869900003 PM 16713712 ER PT J AU Lu, YC King, FL Duckworth, DC AF Lu, Yuchen King, Fred L. Duckworth, Douglas C. TI Electrochemically-induced reactions of hexafluorophosphate anions with water in negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry of undiluted ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MATRICES; COPOLYMERS; BATTERIES; CATALYSTS; SOLVENTS; MS AB The influence of water on the observed gas-phase population of negative ions in electrospray mass spectrometry was studied for the undiluted ionic liquid 1,3-butyl-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+PF6-). During the electrospray process, electrolytic reduction of water enhances the production of tetrafluorophosphate (F4PO-), which undergoes further reactions to produce difluorophosphate (F2PO2-) anions. These anions are observed in addition to the pre-existing hexafluorophosphate anion. The apparent Substitution of two fluorine atoms with one oxygen is attributed to a series of reactions initiated by hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate. This hydrolysis reaction was enhanced by the addition of hydroxide, formed via the hydrolysis of water or through the addition of ammonium hydroxide. The formation of FxPOy- was studied as a function of the electrospray current and solution flow rate. The mass spectral response shows a quantitative logarithmic relationship between Sigma FxPOy- signal intensities (adjusted for mole equivalents of H2O required) and the amount of water present, against which the water content Could be rapidly assessed. Results were found to be comparable to Karl Fischer titration data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Duckworth, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS-6375, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM duckworthdc@ornl.gov RI Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 061KC UT WOS:000238869900007 PM 16698279 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ AF Kertesz, Vilmos Van Berkel, Gary J. TI Expanded use of a battery-powered two-electrode emitter cell for electrospray mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-SOURCE; ONLINE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB A battery-powered, controlled-current, two-electrode electrochemical cell containing a porous flow-through working electrode with high Surface area and multiple auxiliary electrodes with small total surface area was incorporated into the electrospray emitter circuit to control the electrochemical reactions of analytes in the electrospray emitter. This cell system provided the ability to control the extent of analyte oxidation in positive ion mode in the electrospray emitter by simply setting the magnitude and polarity of the current at the working electrode. In addition, this cell provided the ability to effectively reduce analytes in positive ion mode and oxidize analytes in negative ion mode. The small size, economics, and ease of use Of Such a battery-powered controlled-current emitter cell was demonstrated by powering a single resistor and switch circuit with a small-size, 3 V watch battery, all of which might be incorporated on the emitter cell. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kertesz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerteszv@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 061KC UT WOS:000238869900009 PM 16697660 ER PT J AU Conway, MCP Whittal, RM Baldwin, MA Burlingame, AL Balhorn, R AF Conway, Maria C. Prieto Whittal, Randy M. Baldwin, Michael A. Burlingame, A. L. Balhorn, Rod TI Electrospray mass spectrometry of NeuAc oligomers associated with the C fragment of the tetanus toxin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID NONCOVALENT PROTEIN COMPLEXES; VANCOMYCIN GROUP ANTIBIOTICS; PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS; BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; GANGLIOSIDE-BINDING; LIGAND COMPLEXES; CROSS-LINKING; MEMBRANES; IDENTIFICATION AB The Clostridial neurotoxins, botulinum and tetanus, gain entry into motor neurons by binding to the sialic or N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) residues of gangliosides and specific protein receptors attached to the cell's surface. While the C-fragment of tetanus toxin (TetC) has been identified to be the ganglioside binding domain, remarkably little is known about how this domain discriminates between the structural features of different gangliosides. We have used electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to examine the formation of complexes between TetC and carbohydrates containing NeuAc groups to determine how NeuAc residues contribute to ganglioside binding. ESI-MS was used to obtain an estimate of the dissociation constants (K-D values) for TetC binding to a number of related NeuAc-containing carbohydrates (sialyllactose and disialyllactose), as well as six (NeuAc)(n) oligomers (n = 1-6). K-D values were found to range between similar to 10-35 mu M. The strength of the interactions between the C fragment and (NeuAc)(n) are consistent with the topography of the targeting domain of tetanus toxin and the nature of its carbohydrate binding sites. These results suggest that the targeting domain of tetanus toxin contains two binding sites that can accommodate NeuAc (or a dimer) and that NeuAc may play an important role in ganglioside binding and molecular recognition, a process critical for normal cell function and one frequently exploited by toxins, bacteria, and viruses to facilitate their entrance into cells. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Mass Spectrometry Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Balhorn, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balnorn2@llnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01614] NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 967 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.03.004 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 061KC UT WOS:000238869900011 PM 16713287 ER PT J AU Idemoto, Y Takahashi, T Koura, N Richardson, JW Loong, CK AF Idemoto, Yasushi Takahashi, Tomoyuki Koura, Nobuyuki Richardson, James W., Jr. Loong, Chun-K. TI Dependence of crystal structure and ferroelectric properties on composition and heat treatment for Sr-Bi-Ta-Si-O ferroelectric material SO JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA Japanese DT Article DE ferroelectric material; crystal structure; neutron diffraction analysis; heat treatment; physical property; Bi layer compound; ferroelectric property ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; THIN-FILMS; SRBI2TA2O9; PHASE AB We investigated the relation between the crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Bi2SiO5, Bi4Si3O12 and Bi2O3-added Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9. Moreover, we investigated that the effect of heat treatment using one of the Bi4Si3O12 added Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 compounds after a vacuum and high pressure oxygen treatment. The remanent polarization (P-r) increased with the added Bi4Si3O12 or Bi2O3, however, it decreased due to added Bi2SiO5. It was considered that the volume of the tetrahedrons, which makes the top of Bi, increased with the addition of Bi2O3 in the (Bi2O2)(2+) layer, and the displacement of the atom becomes easy for the applied field due to the pseudo perovskite (SrTa2O7)(2-) received stress. It was noted that the T-c decreased with the decreasing tilting angle(alpha(b)) of the TaO6 octahedron by heat treatment of the reduced direction. C1 Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. RP Idemoto, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU CERAMIC SOC JAPAN-NIPPON SERAMIKKUSU KYOKAI PI TOKYO PA 22-17, HYAKUNIN-CHO 2-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 169-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0743 EI 1348-6535 J9 J CERAM SOC JPN JI J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1331 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.2109/jcersj.114.630 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 063VR UT WOS:000239048500010 ER PT J AU Nikolov, S Lebensohn, RA Raabe, D AF Nikolov, S Lebensohn, RA Raabe, D TI Self-consistent modeling of large plastic deformation, texture and morphology evolution in semi-crystalline polymers SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE micromechanics; constitutive behavior; polymer; self-consistent; texture ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALS; SIMULATION; ALLOYS AB A self-consistent model for semi-crystalline polymers is proposed to study their constitutive behavior, texture and morphology evolution during large plastic deformation. The material is considered as an aggregate of composite inclusions, each representing a stack of crystalline lamellae with their adjacent amorphous layers. The deformation within the inclusions is volume-averaged over the phases. The interlamellar shear is modeled as an additional slip system with a slip direction depending on the inclusion's stress. Hardening of the amorphous phase due to molecular orientation and, eventually, coarse slip, is introduced via Arruda-Boyce hardening law for the corresponding plastic resistance. The morphology evolution is accounted for through the change of shape of the inclusions under the applied deformation gradient. The overall behavior is obtained via a viscoplastic tangent self-consistent scheme. The model is applied to high density polyethylene (HDPE). The stress-strain response, texture and morphology changes are simulated under different modes of straining and compared to experimental data as well as to the predictions of other models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nikolov, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM nikolov@mpie.de RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Raabe, Dierk/A-6470-2009 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Raabe, Dierk/0000-0003-0194-6124 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1350 EP 1375 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.01.008 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 047YL UT WOS:000237914500003 ER PT J AU Ma, X Zhang, DZ AF Ma, X Zhang, DZ TI Statistics of particle interactions in dense granular material under umaxial compression SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE granular material; dense packing; powder compaction; probability and statistics; constitutive behavior ID MEDIA; DEFORMATION; RELAXATION; COMPACTION; BEHAVIOR; FLOWS AB Stress evolution in a dense granular material is closely related to interactions of contacting particles. We investigate statistics related to particle interactions and the relationship between the averaged local relative motion and the macroscopic motion. The validity of the Voigt and Reuss assumptions is examined, and extensions to these assumptions are proposed. Effects of history in the dense granular material are investigated. Statistical samples used in this paper are obtained using three-dimensional numerical simulations of dense granular media under uniaxial cyclical compression. The results show that stresses arise mostly from normal forces between particles, and direct contributions from frictional tangential forces between particles are small. Tangential friction, however, significantly increases the particle contact time, and thus reduces the rate of contact breakage. The contact breakage rate is demonstrated to be a stress relaxation rate. Therefore, stress increases significantly with friction between particles as a result of prolonged relaxation time. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ma, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, T-3,B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xia@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1426 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.01.003 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 047YL UT WOS:000237914500006 ER PT J AU Tran, CQ Mancuso, AP Dhal, BB Nugent, KA Peele, AG Cai, ZH Paterson, D AF Tran, CQ Mancuso, AP Dhal, BB Nugent, KA Peele, AG Cai, ZH Paterson, D TI Phase-space reconstruction of focused x-ray fields SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE; TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION AB We apply the method of phase-space tomography to reconstruct x-ray beams focused using a compound refractive lens. We show that it is possible to decouple the effect of aberrations in the optical system from the field and hence measure both them and the original field. We recover the complex coherence function and find that it is consistent with expectations. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tran, CQ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM tran@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1779 EP 1786 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.001779 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 057WW UT WOS:000238626900029 PM 16783444 ER PT J AU Wakimoto, S Kimura, H Fujita, M Yamada, K Nodai, Y Shirane, G Gu, G Kim, H Birgeneau, RJ AF Wakimoto, Shuichi Kimura, Hiroyuki Fujita, Masaki Yamada, Kazuyoshi Nodai, Yukio Shirane, Gen Gu, Genda Kim, Hyunkyung Birgeneau, Robert J. TI Incommensurate lattice distortion in the high temperature tetragonal phase of La2-x(Sr,Ba)(x)CuO4 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE La2-xSrxCuO4; high-T-c superconductivity; neutron scattering; diffuse scattering ID FLOATING-ZONE FURNACE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUO2 PLANE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; ORDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA1.88SR0.12CUO4; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4 AB We report incommensurate diffuse (ICD) scattering appearing in the high-temperature-tetragonal (HTT) phase of La2-x(Sr,Ba)(x)CuO4 with 0.07 <= x <= 0.20 observed by the neutron diffraction technique. For all compositions, a sharp superlattice peak of the low-temperature-orthorhombic (LTO) structure is replaced by a pair of ICD peaks with the modulation vector parallel to the CuO6 octahedral tilting direction, that is, the diagonal Cu-Cu direction of the CuO2 plane, above the LTO-HTT transition temperature T-s. The temperature dependences of the incommensurability 6 for all samples scale approximately as T/T-s, while those of the integrated intensity of the ICD peaks scale as (T - T-s)(-1). These observations together with absence of ICD peaks in the non-superconducting x = 0.05 sample evince a universal incommensurate lattice instability of hole-doped 214 cuprates in the superconducting regime. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wakimoto, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM wakimoto.shuichi@jaea.go.jp RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 7 AR 074714 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.75.074714 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 079YD UT WOS:000240212900032 ER PT J AU Dilustro, J Collins, B Duncan, L AF Dilustro, John Collins, Beverly Duncan, Lisa TI Land use history effects in mixed pine - hardwood forests at Fort Benning SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE community dynamics; military land use; prescribed fire; southeastern mixed pine; hardwood forests ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FIRE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; CARBON; TEXAS AB Over decades, and especially on public lands subject to multiple uses, land use activities can affect forest composition or structure. We asked if current ground layer vegetation composition or stand structure (canopy openness, tree density, plus depth of the soil A layer) in 32 mixed pine-hardwood forest stands at Fort Benning, GA, reflects military use or fire frequency over the last 20 years. The 32 stands, half on sandy and half on clayey soil, were assigned to two military use categories (heavier, open to tracked vehicles, or lighter, with dismounted infantry training) and three fire frequency (# fires/20 yr) categories [low (0-2 fires), medium (3-4 fires), and high (5-6 fires)]. Ordination reflected abundance of grass and legume species, the proportion of pine in the canopy, canopy openness, and tree density and age,- it revealed a relatively stronger influence of military land use and canopy composition, and weaker influence of fire frequency (over the past 20 years), on ground layer vegetation differences among the stands. Soil A-horizon depth, abundance of disturbance features, and tree density differed between lighter and heavier military use categories, but not among fire frequency categories. Our results suggest that mechanized military training has led to a loss of topsoil and convergence on abundant pines, grasses, and legumes, while a range of fire frequencies has led to an array of ground layer composition in stands with lighter military use. Under all land use scenarios examined, 70% pine canopy may be favorable for abundant grasses and legumes in ground layer vegetation. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, 132 Nat Sci Bldg, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM collinsb@email.wcu.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[460:LUHEIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 118QS UT WOS:000242957400009 ER PT J AU Horgan, FG AF Horgan, Finbarr G. TI Aggregation and coexistence of dung beetles in montane rain forest and deforested sites in central Peru SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation model; biodiversity; biomass; coexistence; community structure; deforestation; habitat change; Peru; Scarabaeidae; species richness ID CARRION FLY COMMUNITY; SPATIAL AGGREGATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMPETITION; RESOURCE; SCARABAEIDAE; COLEOPTERA; QUALITY; GUILD; MODEL AB The 'aggregation model of coexistence' predicts that a strong and independent aggregation of species across ephemeral resource patches promotes species coexistence and maintains diversity. This study examines the role of aggregation in maintaining tropical dung beetle diversity and the effects of deforestation on aggregation patterns and diversity loss. Using clusters of pitfall traps. dung beetle aggregation was quantified in natural kind disturbed habitat at nested temporal and spatial scales in central Peru. The results indicate that dung was colonized by a greater number of species. many of which were large, leading to a higher total beetle biomass in forest habitat than in deforested, farm habitat. Beetles were intraspecifically aggregated at each spatial scale examined. Habitat-type (forest/deforested) had no effect on the intensity of intra- or interspecific aggregation. Analyses of aggregation patterns revealed that dung beetle assemblages in forest habitat were generally saturated whereas in deforested habitat they were unsaturated. In general. interspecific aggregation was too weak relative to intraspecific aggregation to explain the high diversity of species in forest habitat. Other mechanisms, including resource partitioning are likely to play a greater role in maintaining the diversity of dung beetle assemblages in the region. These results also indicate that the loss of species from disturbed habitat has not been due to a breakdown in the aggregation mechanism. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Populat Ecol Grp, Fredericton, NB E3B 6C2, Canada. RP Horgan, FG (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Carlow, Ireland. EM fhorgan@oakpark.teagasc.ie NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1017/S026646740600321X PN 4 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 071GP UT WOS:000239587500001 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Specht, ED AF Elmer, J. W. Palmer, T. A. Specht, E. D. TI Direct observations of rapid diffusion of Cu in Au thin films using in situ x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID INTERDIFFUSION; TI-6AL-4V AB In situ x-ray diffraction was performed while annealing thin film Au/Cu binary diffusion couples to directly observe diffusion at elevated temperatures. The temperature dependence of the interdiffusion coefficient was determined from isothermal measurements at 700, 800, and 900 degrees C, where Cu and Au form a disordered continuous face centered cubic solid solution. Large differences in the lattice parameters of Au and Cu allowed the initial diffraction peaks to be easily identified, and later tracked as they merged into one diffraction peak with increased diffusion time. Initial diffusion kinetics were studied by measuring the time required for the Cu to diffuse through the Au thin film of known thickness. The activation energy for interdiffusion was measured to be 65.4 kJ/mole during this initial stage, which is approximately 0.4 X that for bulk diffusion and 0.8 X that for grain boundary diffusion. The low activation energy is attributed to the high density of columnar grain boundaries combined with other defects in the sputter deposited thin film coatings. As interdiffusion continues, the two layers homogenize with an activation energy of 111 kJ/mole during the latter stages of diffusion. This higher activation energy falls between the reported values for grain boundary and bulk diffusion, and may be related to grain growth occurring at these temperatures which accounts for the decreasing importance of grain boundaries on diffusion. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM elmer1@llnl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 978 EP 987 DI 10.1116/1.2204926 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100016 ER PT J AU Teeter, G AF Teeter, Glenn TI Physical-vapor deposition flux-distribution calculations for static and rotating substrates: Derivation of the deposition geometry for optimal film-thickness uniformity SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article AB Flux-distribution formulas are applied to physical-vapor deposition from open-boat-type sources onto static and rotating substrates. A relation is derived for the dependence of flux variation at the substrate on source-substrate separation for the static-substrate case. For the rotating-substrate case, the deposition geometry that yields optimal film-thickness uniformity for different source-substrate separations is derived empirically. For rotating substrates, both the percentage flux variation and the magnitude of the net deposition flux obey power-law dependences with respect to the source-substrate separation. Finally, a formula is derived for the percentage of source material deposited on the substrate as a function of source position. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teeter, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM glenn_teeter@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1118 DI 10.1116/1.228990 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100037 ER PT J AU Teeter, G AF Teeter, Glenn TI Conceptual design of a deposition system for uniform and combinatorial synthesis of multinary thin-film materials via open-boat physical-vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS AB Conventional flux-distribution formulas for rotating and static I substrates are used to develop a method for combinatorial physical-vapor deposition. With this method, a single deposition system may be used, without modification, to deposit either highly uniform or graded-composition thin-film materials. This is accomplished through appropriate automated sequencing of source shutters and substrate rotation. A constrained-composition parametrization is introduced, which determines relative deposition times for the film constituents with and without substrate rotation. The combinatorial deposition scheme developed here is applicable to binary, ternary, or quaternary phase systems. Examples are considered for the pseudoquaternary CuInSe2-AgInSe2-CuGaSe2-AgGaSe2 chalcopyrite materials system, which has relevance to thin-film photovoltaics. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teeter, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM glenn_teeter@nret.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1116/1.2208991 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100038 ER PT J AU Salmassi, F Naulleau, PP Gullikson, EM Olynick, DL Liddle, JA AF Salmassi, F. Naulleau, P. P. Gullikson, E. M. Olynick, D. L. Liddle, J. A. TI Extreme ultraviolet binary phase gratings: Fabrication and application to diffractive optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; X-RAY REGION; WAVELENGTH REGION; MULTILAYER; DESIGN AB Diffractive optics play an important role in a variety of fields such as astronomy, microscopy, and lithography.. In the extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum they have been difficult to make due to the extremely precise control required of their surface structure. We have developed a robust fabrication technique that achieves the required topographic control through the deposition of a thin film of Si on a Cr etch stop. We have fabricated binary phase gratings using this approach that have an efficiency of 80% of the theoretical maximum. This technique could be applicable to similar binary phase structures requiring precise topography control. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmassi, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsalmassi@lbl.gov; jaliddle@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1140 DI 10.1116/1.2212435 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100040 ER PT J AU Fisher, GL Szakal, C Wetteland, CJ Winograd, N AF Fisher, Gregory L. Szakal, Christopher Wetteland, Christopher J. Winograd, Nicholas TI Role of low-level impurities and intercalated molecular gases in the alpha particle radiolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene examined by static time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometery SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID PTFE AB The structural degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) upon irradiation with MeV alpha (a) particles is accompanied by the proliferation of hydrogenated and oxygen-functionalized fluorocarbon species. In this article, we explore the origin of monoxide- and dioxide-functionalized fluorocarbon species that emerge upon a particle irradiation of PTFE. Samples of neat PTFE were irradiated to a doses in the range of 10(7)-5 X 10(10) rad using 5.5 MeV He-4(2+) ions produced in a tandem accelerator. Static time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), using a 20 keV C-60(+) source, was employed to probe chemical changes as a function of a particle irradiation. Chemical images and high-resolution mass spectra were collected in both the positive and negative polarities. Residual gas analysis, utilized to monitor the liberation of molecular gases during a particle irradiation of the PTFE in vacuum, is discussed in relationship to the TOF-SIMS data. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fisher, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM glfisher@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1116/1.2167982 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100048 ER PT J AU Ohlhausen, JA Zavadil, KR AF Ohlhausen, J. A. Zavadil, K. R. TI Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of a fluorocarbon-based self-assembled monoloyer on Si SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID TOF-SIMS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SPECTRUM-IMAGES; MONOLAYERS; GOLD; ADSORPTION; ADHESION; FILMS; MEMS AB Low surface energy coatings and films are needed to minimize stiction, high friction, and wear of the oxide-terminated silicon-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) to ensure reliable device function. One common approach is to deposit self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films of molecules possessing a reactive silane head group and low energy pendant chain to cover the complex structures used in MEMS devices. The composition of these films is difficult to characterize and quantify. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is an excellent tool for characterizing these types of films because of its ability to detect small quantities of surface species at high spatial resolution and surface sensitivity; however, interpretation of the spectral data generated is complex and challenging. We are using the combination of x-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry and ToF-SIMS to detect and quantify a fluorocarbon-based SAM on Si coupons and on MEMS devices. Unexpected fragmentation caused by the interaction of the primary ion beam with the fluorocarbon chain in contact with the Si surface creates ions whose presence is not intuitive. We can account for these ion fragments and use them to aid in quantifying the film composition. Our methods include the use of coverage-dependent fragmentation signatures along with the application of multivariate statistical techniques to establish the covariance in these signatures. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ohlhausen, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jaohlha@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1178 DI 10.1116/1.2188412 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100049 ER PT J AU Li, XN Asher, SE Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB Wei, SH Barnes, TM Coutts, TJ Noufi, R AF Li, Xiaonan Asher, Sally E. Limpijumnong, Sukit Zhang, S. B. Wei, Su-Huai Barnes, Teresa M. Coutts, Timothy J. Noufi, Rommel TI Unintentional doping and compensation effects of carbon in metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition fabricated ZnO thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID HYDROGEN; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DONOR; OXIDE AB Carbon is a typical impurity in thin films fabricated by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). The role of carbon in undoped and, nitrogen-doped ZnO thin films was studied experimentally and theoretically to understand the possible compensation effects. ZnO thin films are fabricated by low-pressure MOCVD using diethylzinc, nitric oxide (for nitrogen-doped films), or oxygen precursors (for undoped films). Compared with sputtering-fabricated ZnO film, the carbon concentration in the MOCVD-fabricated ZnO film is very high. Furthermore, the MOCVD-fabricated ZnO:N film has an even higher carbon concentration than the undoped ZnO. Considering the signal observed previously by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is possible that the incorporated carbon has formed complexes with doped nitrogen. The first-principles calculations predict that the formation energy for carbon interstitial (C-i) is relatively high. However, due to the large binding energy between C-i and No (nitrogen substitute on oxygen site), the formation energy of the carbon-nitrogen (CN) defect complex is lower than that of the C-i. As a result, with nitrogen doping, the carbon-impurity concentration would be high. In the insulator or p-type ZnO films, the CN defect complexes have 1+ charge state. Therefore, the existence of carbon in the ZnO:N film could be another possible passivation factor to the nitrogen acceptor, in addition to hydrogen. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, XN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xiaonan_li@nrel.gov RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1217 DI 10.1116/1.2167981 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100056 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Daggubati, M Paravi, H Yu, R Zhang, XF AF Wang, Q. Daggubati, Manmohan Paravi, Hossein Yu, Rong Zhang, Xiao Feng TI Interstitial oxygen-related defects and current leakage in trench metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor on epi/As++ structure SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID SILICON-WAFERS; PRECIPITATION AB Interstitial oxygen (O-i) related defect and reverse current leakage have been investigated on test trench metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors fabricated on epilayers over heavily arsenic-doped wafers (As++). The devices on the wafers sealed with polysilicon at backside exhibited an increased yield loss in reverse current leakage with increasing O-i concentration. The O-i concentration depth profiles indicate that O-i did precipitate out at the interface between the polysilicon layer and bulk silicon. This precipitation may consume the polylayer and reduce its gettering efficiency, which leads to an O-i-dependent current leakage. Similar experiments carried out with damaged backside As++ wafers show an overall low and O-i-independent current leakage yield loss. This reduced leakage yield loss is due to the intrinsic gettering effect of the O-i precipitates in these wafers close to the back surface. Transmission electron microscopy study revealed, in the junction region, the existence of intrinsic stacking faults and punch-out dislocation loop, characteristic of oxygen precipitation. The reverse current-voltage curves related to these defects have been quantitatively analyzed using the Shockley-Read-Hall model. The effective generation lifetimes of intrinsic stacking fault and punch-out dislocation loop are about 4.3 ps and 50 ns, respectively, and are significantly shorter than 2.5 mu s in defect-free area. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Fairchild Semicond Corp, W Jordan, UT 84088 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Fairchild Semicond Corp, 3333 W 9000 S, W Jordan, UT 84088 USA. EM qi.wang@fairchildsemi.com RI Yu, Rong/A-3011-2008 OI Yu, Rong/0000-0003-1687-3597 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1116/1.2167075 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100061 ER PT J AU Johnston, SW Kurtz, SR AF Johnston, S. W. Kurtz, S. R. TI Comparison of a dominant electron trap in n-type and p-type GaNAs using deep-level transient spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAINNAS; INGAASN; GAAS AB Both p-type and n-type dilute-nitrogen GaNAs epitaxial layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were characterized by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). For each case, the dominant DLTS signal corresponds to an electron trap having an activation energy of about 0.2-0.3 eV for p-type GaNAs and about 0.3-0.4 eV for n-type GaNAs. In p-type GaNAs, the electron traps fill slowly, as the DLTS signal reaches saturation using zero-bias filling pulses with widths of Is. The electron traps fill quickly in the n-type GaNAs, as the DLTS signal does not typically increase after the shortest fill time of 10 As. The electron-trap densities are calculated using modeling that accounts for the spatial region where traps fill and emit during DLTS measurement. A set of p-type samples with mid-10(16) cm(-3) net acceptors has N content ranging from 0.02% to 1.2%, and the resulting electron-trap concentrations range from 1.4 X 10(17) to 4.3 X 10(17) cm(-1). A set of n-type samples with mid-10(17) cm(-3) doping has N content ranging from 0.011% to 0.45%, and the resulting electron-trap concentrations range from 7.6 X 10(14) to 3.6 X 10(16) cm(-3). Additionally, a set of p-type samples with similar to 0.25% N content has hole concentrations ranging from 4.3 X 10(16) to 1.3 X 10(17) cm(-3), and the resulting electron-trap concentrations increase with acceptor doping ranging from 3.1 X 10(17) to 7.2 X 10(17) cm(-3). A set of n-type samples with similar to 0.25% N content has electron concentrations ranging from 4.5 X 10(16) to 7.8 X 10(17) cm(-3). The resulting electron-trap concentrations also increase with donor concentration from 5.7 X 10(15) to 3.5 X 10(16) cm(-3). The modeling of the Poole-Frenkel effect predicts that the trap may be about 100 meV deeper than implied by the measured activation energies. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, SW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_johnston@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1252 EP 1257 DI 10.1116/1.2167081 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100064 ER PT J AU Meserole, CA Fisher, GL Hilton, DJ Jia, QX Averitt, RD Funk, DJ Taylor, AJ AF Meserole, C. A. Fisher, G. L. Hilton, D. J. Jia, Q. X. Averitt, R. D. Funk, D. J. Taylor, A. J. TI Fe(001) thin films for x-ray diffraction and terahertz emission studies SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID METAL-FILMS; GROWTH; MGO(001); FE; SPECTROSCOPY; AUGER AB Our interests in growing thin films of iron (Fe) are twofold. First, Fe(001) films are ideal targets for an ultrafast x-ray diffraction instrument designed to understand complex behavior, such as melting or solid-solid phase transitions, in shock-loaded materials. Second, we have discovered that thin iron films generate picosecond, broadband terabertz frequencies after intense femtosecond pulse excitation by a Ti:sapphire laser. Excluding film thickness, the criteria for samples used in both experiments are identical due to the similarities of the experiments. Iron films are grown in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions on (001)-oriented magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates. We have investigated the effects of substrate preparation on the film quality and have found that films grown in UHV on UV/ozone-cleaned and annealed MgO(001) have a better crystal quality than films grown on as-received MgO(001). However, both substrate preparation methods produce continuous, (001)-oriented thin films of iron. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT 16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meserole, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX 2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM meserole@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1513 DI 10.1116/1.2187988 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100110 ER PT J AU Mapes, M Hseuh, HC Rank, J Smart, L Todd, R Weiss, D AF Mapes, M. Hseuh, H. C. Rank, J. Smart, L. Todd, R. Weiss, D. TI Spallation Neutron Source ring vacuum systems SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc AB The Spallation Neutron Source ring, which is presently being commissioned at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is designed to accumulate high-intensity protons. Ultrahigh vacuum of 10(-9) torr is required in the accumulator ring to minimize beam-residual gas ionization. To reduce the secondary-electron yield and the associated electron cloud instability, the ring vacuum chambers are coated with titanium nitride (TiN). In order to minimize radiation exposure, quick-disconnect chain clamp flanges are used in some areas where radiation levels are expected to be high. This article describes the design, fabrication, assembly, and vacuum processing of the ring and beam transport vacuum systems, as well as the associated vacuum instrumentation. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mapes, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mapes@nbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1560 EP 1567 DI 10.1116/1.2206192 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100120 ER PT J AU Levi, DH Teplin, CW Iwaniczko, E Yan, Y Wang, TH Branz, HM AF Levi, D. H. Teplin, C. W. Iwaniczko, E. Yan, Y. Wang, T. H. Branz, H. M. TI Real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of the growth of amorphous and epitaxial silicon for photovoltaic applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID A-SI-H; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN; SURFACES AB In situ monitoring of material properties during thin-film deposition provides researchers with a valuable tool for maximizing solar cell performance, while also enabling efficient exploration of deposition parameter space. This article describes how our research team has utilized in situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) to maximize our productivity in two related projects. We are using hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) for low-temperature (90-235 degrees C) deposition of very thin films of amorphous hydrogenated silicon for amorphous Si/crystal-Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. We are also using HWCVD for low-temperature (200-440 degrees C) deposition of epitaxial films of silicon on crystal-Si substrates. We utilize RTSE as both an in situ diagnostic and a postgrowth analysis tool for SHJ solar cells and epi-Si films grown by HWCVD. Using input from RTSE analysis we have achieved a photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency of 17.1% on an Al-backed p-type float-zone c-Si wafer. Epi-Si films have been grown as thick as 500 nm utilizing parameter optimization based on RTSE analysis. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dean_levi@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1676 EP 1683 DI 10.1116/1.2167083 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100144 ER PT J AU Hetzer, MJ Strzhemechny, YM Gao, M Goss, S Contreras, MA Zunger, A Brillson, LJ AF Hetzer, M. J. Strzhemechny, Y. M. Gao, M. Goss, S. Contreras, M. A. Zunger, A. Brillson, L. J. TI On microscopic compositional and electrostatic properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; DEFECTS; CUINSE2; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; RECOMBINATION; DEPLETION; CRYSTAL; OXYGEN AB We report on the microscopic characteristics of polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin films probed with Auger electron spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and work function measurements. Confirming theory, we find a substantial reduction in Cu content from grain interior to boundary and a p-type potential barrier that acts to reduce hole recombination. Such compositional and electrostatic variations between grain boundaries and grain interiors in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 solar cell absorber layers may improve the overall photovoltaic efficiency. The high degree of intergranular inhomogeneity emphasizes the importance of detailed grain-by-grain analysis. These results show that careful specimen preparation and ultrahigh vacuum conditions, coupled with nanoscale instrumental resolution, are pivotal for such analysis. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hetzer, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mhetzer@pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1739 EP 1745 DI 10.1116/1.2209995 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000010 ER PT J AU Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Mayer, TM AF Adams, D. P. Vasile, M. J. Mayer, T. M. TI Focused ion beam sculpting curved shape cavities in crystalline and amorphous targets SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; DEPTH CONTROL; DWELL TIME; MICROFABRICATION; YIELD; SILICON; TECHNOLOGY; DIAMOND; ENERGY AB This work demonstrates accurate sculpting of predetermined micron-scale, curved shapes in initially planar solids. Using a 20 keV focused Ga+ ion beam, various features are sputtered including hemispheres, parabolas, and sinusoidal wave forms having dimensions from I to 30 Am. Ion sculpting is accomplished by varying the dose at different points within individual scans. The doses calculated per point account for the material-specific, angle-dependent sputter yield, Y(theta), the beam current, and the ion beam spatial distribution. Several target materials are sculpted using this technique. These include semiconductors that are made amorphous or disordered by the high-energy beam and metals that remain crystalline with ion exposure. For several target materials, curved feature shapes closely match desired geometries with milled depths within 5% of intended values. Deposition of sputtered material and reflection of ions from sloped surfaces are important factors in feature depth and profile evolution. Materials that are subject to severe effects of redeposition (e.g., C and Si) require additional dose in certain regions in order to achieve desired geometries. The angle-dependent sputter yields of Si, C, Au, Al, W, SiC, and Al2O3 are reported. This includes normal incidence values, Y(0 degrees), and Yamamura parameters f and Sigma. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adams, DP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dpadams@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1766 EP 1775 DI 10.1116/1.2210000 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000014 ER PT J AU Kwark, YJ Bravo-Vasquez, JP Chandhok, M Cao, HD Deng, H Gullikson, E Ober, CK AF Kwark, Young-Je Bravo-Vasquez, J. Pablo Chandhok, Manish Cao, Heidi Deng, Hai Gullikson, Eric Ober, Christopher K. TI Absorbance measurement of polymers at extreme ultraviolet wavelength: Correlation between experimental and theoretical calculations SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB Performance requirements for extreme UV (EUV) resists will require the development of polymer platforms. A challenge in designing photoresists for EUV wavelengths is the selection of molecular structures that have minimal absorbance. For example, elements that are commonly used in photoresists at other wavelengths, such as oxygen and fluorine, are highly absorbing at similar to 13 nm making them problematic for EUV applications. In order to provide a tool for EUV resist design, this article presents a study of the absorbance of common photoresist structures and compares it to theoretical estimates of resist absorbance based on composition and density. On this basis, several potential structures suitable for EUV resists are assessed. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwark, YJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cober@ccmr.cornell.edu NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1822 EP 1826 DI 10.1116/1.2214708 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000023 ER PT J AU Neureuther, AR Pease, RFW Yuan, L Parizi, KB Esfandyarpour, H Poppe, WJ Liddle, JA Anderson, EH AF Neureuther, A. R. Pease, R. F. W. Yuan, L. Parizi, K. Baghbani Esfandyarpour, H. Poppe, W. J. Liddle, J. A. Anderson, E. H. TI Shot noise models for sequential processes and the role of lateral mixing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; RESISTS; LITHOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; LER AB Shot noise in electron-beam and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure fundamentally limits the useful sensitivity of resists. Here the exposure, amplification, and deprotection of chemically amplified resists are treated as a sequence of statistical events to determine the effect of shot noise. Noise among processes is additive, and a sequential Poisson process is used to illustrate the "acid bottleneck" that occurs when less than one acid electron is generated per input electron. Lateral mixing, due to effects such as electron scattering and acid diffusion, is accounted for in a binomial sorting model that shows that the effect is simply a function of the total number of quanta reaching the voxel irrespective of their path. Electron exposure is estimated to generate on average one acid every 3.8, 21, and 36 nm along the trajectories of 5, 50, and 100 keV electrons respectively. Acid generation appears well correlated with energy deposition, at about 22 eV/acid required for EUV and electron exposure or three times the deep ultraviolet level. The model was validated by observing the fraction of small (24 and 32 nm across) contacts that cleared as a function of exposure dose at 100 keV. Approximately 4500 electrons were required to clear, independent of contact size. However, the slope was indicative of a process with only 50 effective events possibly owing to resist surface effects. Circular dissolution smoothing and mechanical fracture are suggested as speculative sources for the near feature size correlation length of the line-edge roughness. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neureuther, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM neureuth@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1902 EP 1908 DI 10.1116/1.2218875 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000036 ER PT J AU Park, JY Somorjai, GA AF Park, Jeong Young Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Energy conversion from catalytic reaction to hot electron current with metal-semiconductor Schottky nanodiodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 15-19, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP USA Res Off, AVS ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; FABRICATION; FLOW; HYDROGENATION; ADSORPTION; NANOWIRES; PROMOTION; OXIDATION; JUNCTION AB Exothermic catalytic reactions induce electronic excitation at the metal surface, leading to the production of energetic hot electrons. We monitored the flow of hot electrons for over several hours using two types of metal-semiconductor Schottky diodes, Pt/TiO2 or Pt/GaN, during the platinum catalyzed oxidation of carbon monoxide. The thickness of Pt film used as the catalyst was 5 nm, less than the electron mean free path, resulting in the ballistic transport of hot electrons through the metal. The electron flow was detected as a chemicurrent if the excess electron kinetic energy generated by the exothermic reaction was larger than the effective Schottky barrier formed at the metal-semiconductor interface. The measurement of continuous chemicurrent indicated that chemical energy of exothermic catalytic reaction was directly converted into hot electron flux in the catalytic nanodiode. The chemicurrent was well correlated with the turnover rate of CO oxidation separately measured by gas chromatography, suggesting the possibility of application as chemical sensors with high sensitivity. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1967 EP 1971 DI 10.1116/1.2218861 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000049 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Droubay, T McCready, DE Nachimuthu, P Heald, SM Wang, CM Lea, AS Shutthanandan, V Chambers, SA Toney, MF AF Kaspar, T. C. Droubay, T. McCready, D. E. Nachimuthu, P. Heald, S. M. Wang, C. M. Lea, A. S. Shutthanandan, V. Chambers, S. A. Toney, M. F. TI Magnetic properties of epitaxial Co-doped anatase TlO2 thin films with excellent structural quality SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 15-19, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP USA Res Off, AVS ID TIO2 ANATASE; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM AB The heteroepitaxy of Co-doped anatase TiO2 on LaAlO3(001) has been refined with the goal of determining the relationship between structural quality and magnetic ordering. By significantly reducing the deposition rate and substrate temperature, well-ordered Co: TiO2 films with high crystalline quality were obtained by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, as characterized by x-ray diffraction. These films exhibit uniform Co doping, with no evidence of Co segregation or secondary phases throughout the film depth or on the surface. Despite the improvement in crystalline quality and Co distribution, the films exhibit negligible ferromagnetism, with saturation moments of only similar to 0-1 mu(B)/ Co. This loss of ferromagnetism is in stark contrast to faster-grown Co: TiO2 films, where higher growth rate and substrate temperature typically result in lower crystalline quality, a highly nonuniform Co distribution, and average saturation moments of similar to 1.2 mu(B)/Co. The presence of ferromagnetism in faster-grown Co:TiO2 does not appear to arise from intrinsic point defects present in the bulk material, such as charge-compensating oxygen vacancies, but is instead attributed to the presence of extended structural defects. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tiffany.kasper@pnl.gov; sa.chambers@pnl.gov OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 2012 EP 2017 DI 10.1116/1.2216723 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000057 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH Hilton, JL Schultz, BD Palmstrom, CJ AF Farrell, H. H. Hilton, J. L. Schultz, B. D. Palmstrom, C. J. TI Nonequilibrium phases in epitaxial Mn/GaAs interfacial reactions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 15-19, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP USA Res Off, AVS ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRON-GAS; GAAS; SYSTEMS; MN; SPINTRONICS; GAAS(001); MOLECULES; SURFACES AB Solid-state reactions of Mn thin films on GaAs(001) lead to the formation of epitaxially oriented tetragonal Mn2As near the GaAs substrate and a layer of tetragonal delta-MnGa at the surface at annealing temperatures above 300 degrees C. However, an intermediate structure is first formed that has the composition Mn(0.6)Ga(0.2)AS(0.2) with a repeated distance of about 6.3 angstrom perpendicular to the substrate interface. This intermediate structure is metastable relative to the formation of Mn2As and delta-MnGa but provides pathways for allowing Mn to diffuse toward the substrate and Ga to diffuse toward the surface. First principles, density functional theory calculations were used to study the possible structures of this intermediate material. Both vacancy containing and nonvacancy containing structures were considered. Our results indicate that vacancy containing compounds are the most probable. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for Mn and Ga diffusions and illustrate how interface compound formation occurs in the Mn/GaAs reactions. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Mat Sci, MS 2211, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM farrhh@inel.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 2018 EP 2023 DI 10.1116/1.2220573 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000058 ER PT J AU Ulrich, MD Rowe, JE Keister, JW AF Ulrich, M. D. Rowe, J. E. Keister, J. W. TI Comparison of ultrathin SiO2/Si(100) and SiO2/Si(111) interfaces from soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 15-19, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP USA Res Off, AVS ID CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; PLASMA-ASSISTED OXIDATION; SI(001)-SIO2 INTERFACE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; SI; TEMPERATURE; SUBOXIDES; STACKS; X-1 AB The limitations of soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) for determining structural information of the SiO2/Si interface for device-grade ultrathin (similar to 6-22 angstrom) films of SiO2 prepared from crystalline silicon by remote plasma assisted oxidation are explored. The main focus of this article is the limitation of data analysis and sensitivity to structural parameters. In particular, annealing data shows a significant decrease in the integrated density of suboxide bonding arrangements as determined from analysis of SXPS data. These decreases and changes are interpreted as evidence for reorganization of specific interface bonding arrangements due to the annealing process. Moreover, these results suggest that sample preparation and processing history are both critical for defining the nature of the SiO2/Si interface, and therefore its electrical properties. Quantitative estimates of the interface state densities are derived from SXPS data revealing similar to 2 monolayers (ML) of suboxide as prepared and similar to 1.5 ML of suboxide after rapid thermal annealing at 900 degrees C for both Si(100) and Si(111) substrates. Comparison of the individual suboxide bonding state densities indicate for both Si substrate crystallographic orientations that annealing causes a self-organization of the suboxide consistent with bond constraint theory. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SFA Inc, NSLS Dept, Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ulrich, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM marc.ulrich@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 2132 EP 2137 DI 10.1116/1.2218865 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000077 ER PT J AU Dickover, R Garratty, E Yusim, K Miller, C Korber, B Bryson, Y AF Dickover, R Garratty, E Yusim, K Miller, C Korber, B Bryson, Y TI Role of maternal autologous neutralizing antibody in selective perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape variants SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; INFANT TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION; CTL ESCAPE; VIRAL LOAD; MACAQUES; INTRAPARTUM; PROTECTION AB Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is characterized by acquisition of a homogeneous viral quasispecies, yet the selective factors responsible for this genetic bottleneck are unclear. We examined the role of maternal autologous neutralizing antibody (aNAB) in selective transmission of HIV-1 escape variants to infants. Maternal sera from 38 infected mothers at the time of delivery were assayed for autologous neutralizing antibody activity against maternal time-of-delivery HIV-1 isolates in vitro. Maternal sera were also tested for cross-neutralization of infected-infant-first-positive-time-point viral isolates. Heteroduplex and DNA sequence analyses were then performed to identify the initial infecting virus as a neutralization-sensitive or escape HIV-1 variant. In utero transmitters (n = 14) were significantly less likely to have aNAB to their own HIV-1 strains at delivery than nontransmitting mothers (n = 17, 14.3% versus 76.5%, P = 0.003). Cross-neutralization assays of infected-infant-first-positive-time-point HIV-1 isolates indicated that while 14/21 HIV-1-infected infant first positive time point isolates were resistant to their own mother's aNAB, no infant isolate was inherently resistant to antibody neutralization by all sera tested. Furthermore, both heteroduplex (n = 21) and phylogenetic (n = 9) analyses showed that selective perinatal transmission and/or outgrowth of maternal autologous neutralization escape HIV-1 variants occurs in utero and intrapartum. These data indicate that maternal autologous neutralizing antibody can exert powerful protective and selective effects in perinatal HIV-1 transmission and therefore has important implications for vaccine development. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bryson, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ybryson@mednet.ucla.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00865]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 32440]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 26621, HD 30629] NR 41 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 13 BP 6525 EP 6533 DI 10.1128/JVI.02658-05 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 054MJ UT WOS:000238380700033 PM 16775339 ER PT J AU Weaver, EA Lu, ZJ Camacho, ZT Moukdar, F Liao, HX Ma, BJ Muldoon, M Theiler, J Nabel, GJ Letvin, NL Korber, BT Hahn, BH Haynes, BF Gao, F AF Weaver, EA Lu, ZJ Camacho, ZT Moukdar, F Liao, HX Ma, BJ Muldoon, M Theiler, J Nabel, GJ Letvin, NL Korber, BT Hahn, BH Haynes, BF Gao, F TI Cross-subtype T-cell immune responses induced by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M consensus env immunogen SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HIV TYPE-1; LYMPHOCYTE EPITOPES; VACCINE DESIGN; RHESUS-MONKEYS; DNA VACCINES; AIDS; ANTIBODY; ELICITS; VIREMIA AB The genetic diversity among globally circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is a serious challenge for HIV-1 vaccine design. We have generated a synthetic group M consensus env gene (CON6) for induction of cross-subtype immune responses and report here a comparative study of T-cell responses to this and natural strain env immunogens in a murine model. Three different strains of mice were immunized with CON6 as well as subtype A, B, or C env immunogens, using a DNA prime-recombinant vaccinia virus boost strategy. T-cell epitopes were mapped by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot analysis using five overlapping Env peptide sets from heterologous subtype A, B, and C viruses. The CON6-derived vaccine was immunogenic and induced a greater number of T-cell epitope responses than any single wild-type subtype A, B, and C env immunogen and similar T-cell responses to a polyvalent vaccine. The responses were comparable to within-clade responses but significantly more than between-clade responses. The magnitude of the T-cell responses induced by CON6 (measured by individual epitope peptides) was also greater than the magnitude of responses induced by individual wild-type env immunogens. Though the limited major histocompatibility complex repertoire in inbred mice does not necessarily predict responses in nonhuman primates and humans, these results suggest that synthetic centralized env immunogens represent a promising approach for HIV-1 vaccine design that merits further characterization. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester, Lancs, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, 112 RP3,Res Dr,Box 3347, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM fgao@duke.edu RI Muldoon, Mark/C-7505-2009; OI Muldoon, Mark/0000-0002-5004-7195; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007392, R21 AI055386, P30 AI051445, P01 AI061734, P01 AI035351, N01AI85338, AI52816, 5T32 AI07392, AI35351, AI51445, AI54497, AI61734, AI85338, P01 AI052816, P01 AI52816, U01 AI035351] NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 14 BP 6745 EP 6756 DI 10.1128/JVI.02484-05 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 059ZF UT WOS:000238770000003 PM 16809280 ER PT J AU Berry, J Hart, WE Phillips, CA Uber, JG Watson, JP AF Berry, J Hart, WE Phillips, CA Uber, JG Watson, JP TI Sensor placement in municipal water networks with temporal integer programming models SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; STATIONS AB We present a mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for sensor placement optimization in municipal water distribution systems that includes the temporal characteristics of contamination events and their impacts. Typical network water quality simulations track contaminant concentration and movement over time, computing contaminant concentration time series for each junction. Given this information, we can compute the impact of a contamination event over time and determine affected locations. This process quantifies the benefits of sensing contamination at different junctions in the network. Ours is the first MIP model to base sensor placement decisions on such data, compromising over many individual contamination events. The MIP formulation is mathematically equivalent to the well-known p-median facility location problem. We can exploit this structure to solve the MIP exactly or to approximately solve the problem with provable quality for large-scale problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Discrete Algorithms & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Berry, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Discrete Algorithms & Math, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jberry@sandia.gov; wehart@sandia.gov; caphill@sandia.gov; uber.jim@epa.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 20 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(218) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100003 ER PT J AU McKenna, SA Hart, DB Yarrington, L AF McKenna, SA Hart, DB Yarrington, L TI Impact of sensor detection limits on protecting water distribution systems from contamination events SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Real-time water quality sensors are-becoming commonplace in water distribution systems. However, field deployable, contaminant-specific sensors are still in the development stage. As development proceeds, the necessary operating parameters of these sensors must be determined to protect consumers from accidental and malevolent contamination events. This objective can be quantified in several different ways including minimization of: the time necessary to detect a contamination event, the population exposed to contaminated water, the extent of the contamination within the network, and others. We examine the ability of a sensor set to meet these objectives as a function of both the detection limit of the sensors and the number of sensors in the network. A moderately sized distribution network is used as an example and different sized sets of randomly placed sensors are considered. For each combination of a certain number of sensors and a detection limit, the mean values of the different objectives across multiple random sensor placements are calculated. The tradeoff between the necessary. detection limit in a sensor and the number of sensors is evaluated. Results show that for the example problem examined here, a sensor detection limit of 0.01 of the average source concentration is adequate for maximum protection. Detection of events is dependent on the detection limit of the sensors, but for those events that are detected, the values of the performance measures are not a function of the sensor detection limit. The results of replacing a single sensor in a network with a sensor having a much lower detection limit show that while this replacement can improve results, the majority of the additional events detected had performance measures of relatively lore consequence. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McKenna, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samcken@sandia.gov; dbhart@sandia.gov; lyarrin@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(305) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100013 ER PT J AU Janke, R Murray, R Uber, J Taxon, T AF Janke, R Murray, R Uber, J Taxon, T TI Comparison of physical sampling and real-time monitoring strategies for designing a contamination warning system in a drinking water distribution system SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Protecting the water systems of the United States from terrorist attacks has become a federal and local priority. Routine sampling and analysis has been proposed as a potential monitoring approach that could be used to provide early detection of contamination events in drinking water systems. Using the threat ensemble vulnerability assessment computational framework, an evaluation of the benefits of three routine sampling programs is compared to a real-time monitoring program. The results are illustrated by tradeoff curves that demonstrate the benefits provided by a sensor network given an intentional biological or chemical attack. Further, the results show that response time is critical and physical sampling-based monitoring with sample collection frequencies of 24 h or longer are much less effective than real-time monitoring. C1 US EPA, Natl HOmeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Janke, R (reprint author), US EPA, Natl HOmeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 163, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM janke.robert@epamail.epa.gov RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 7 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(310) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100014 ER PT J AU Tang, R Nancollas, GH Giocondi, JL Hoyer, JR Orme, CA AF Tang, R. Nancollas, G. H. Giocondi, J. L. Hoyer, J. R. Orme, C. A. TI Dual roles of brushite crystals in calcium oxalate crystallization provide physicochemical mechanisms underlying renal stone formation SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE renal stone; biomineralization; calcium oxalate; brushite; phase transformation ID RANDALLS PLAQUE; UPPER LIMIT; URINE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; SATURATION; CITRATE; PHOSPHATE; CALCIFICATION; METASTABILITY; PATHOGENESIS AB Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals are the major mineral component of most kidney stones, and thus have an important role in chronic human disease. However, the physicochemical mechanisms leading to calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease are only partially defined. As spontaneous precipitation of CaOx is rare under renal conditions, an alternative pathway for CaOx crystallization seems necessary to resolve this central issue. We performed kinetic studies using the dual constant composition method to simultaneously analyze the crystallization of COM and brushite, the form of calcium phosphate that is most readily formed in the typical slightly acidic urinary milieu. These studies were supported by parallel analysis by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. In these studies, mineralization of a thermodynamically stable phase (COM) was induced by the presence of brushite, a more readily precipitated inorganic phase. Furthermore, once formed, the COM crystals grew at the expense of brushite crystals causing the dissolution of the brushite crystals. These studies show that brushite may play crucial roles in the formation of COM crystals. The definition of these two roles for brushite thereby provides physicochemical explanations for the initiation of COM crystallization and also for the relative paucity of calcium phosphate detected in the majority of CaOx renal stones. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Nancollas, GH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ghn@buffalo.edu RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE03223]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK61673, DK33501] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1038/sj.ki.5000424 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 062UD UT WOS:000238969300018 PM 16641926 ER PT J AU Roberts, A Pelton, JG Wernmer, DE AF Roberts, Anne Pelton, Jeffrey G. Wemmer, David E. TI Structural studies of MJ1529, an O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; protein structure; DNA methyltransferase; DNA repair ID DNA-BINDING MECHANISM; HUMAN O(6)-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN O6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; TORSION ANGLE DYNAMICS; TRIPLE-RESONANCE NMR; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALKYLATING-AGENTS AB The structure of an O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) from the thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii has been determined using multinuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The structure is similar to homologs from other organisms that have been determined by crystallography, with some variation in the N-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is more highly conserved in both sequence and structure. Regions of the protein show broadening, reflecting conformational flexibility that is likely related to function. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wernmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, MC-1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov NR 77 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 SI SI BP S71 EP S82 DI 10.1002/mrc.1823 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 066QZ UT WOS:000239246500009 PM 16826543 ER PT J AU Lu, S Landis, EN Keane, DT AF Lu, S. Landis, E. N. Keane, D. T. TI X-ray microtomographic studies of pore structure and permeability in Portland cement concrete SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SULFATE ATTACK; MICROSTRUCTURE; FRACTURE AB The pore structure of concrete has long been recognized as the key to a wide range of different mechanical, physical and chemical properties. However, the finite range of the different interrogation techniques for measuring pore structure has always limited our overall picture. In order to add to that picture, a high resolution, three-dimensional imaging technique called x-ray microtomography was employed as a way to link measurable microstructural features with alternate measurements of permeability in different concrete systems. Four different concretes were imaged at spatial resolutions between I and 4 microns. Using 3D image analysis techniques, the pore system was characterized by size distribution and connectivity. A parameter we termed "disconnected pore distance" correlated well with standard measures of chloride permeability. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 39 IS 6 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1617/s11527-006-9099-7 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 121IN UT WOS:000243151400003 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Puskar, JD Brooks, JA Robino, CV AF Susan, D. F. Puskar, J. D. Brooks, J. A. Robino, C. V. TI Quantitative characterization of porosity in stainless steel LENS powders and deposits SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE LENS; lasers; powder; image analysis; metallography AB Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) utilizes a laser beam to melt fine powders to produce three-dimensional engineering structures line by line and layer by layer. When building these structures, defects including lack-of-fusion (LOF) at interlayer boundaries and intralayer porosity are sometimes observed. LOF defects can be minimized by adjusting processing parameters, but the sources of intralayer porosity are less apparent. In this paper, the amount and size distributions of 17-4PH and 304L powders and pores within the powder were characterized in parallel with the intralayer porosity in LENS deposits fabricated from the same materials. Intralayer porosity increased with increased powder porosity; but was not well correlated with deposition parameters. The results demonstrate the importance of careful characterization and specification of starting powders on the quality of the final LENS deposits. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM dfsusan@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2005.12.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 060OA UT WOS:000238810300006 ER PT J AU McKeown, JT Sugar, JD Gronsky, R Glaeser, AM AF McKeown, Joseph T. Sugar, Joshua D. Gronsky, Ronald Glaeser, Andreas M. TI Effects of impurities on alumina-niobium interfacial microstructures SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE alumina; niobium; ceramic-metal interfaces; purity; silicides ID METAL-CERAMIC INTERFACES; BONDED NB/AL2O3 INTERFACES; DOPED NB-AL2O3 BICRYSTALS; CU/NB/CU INTERLAYERS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; CHEMISTRY; ENERGY AB Light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine the interfacial microstructural effects of impurities in alumina substrates used to fabricate alumina-niobium interfaces via liquid-film-assisted joining. Three types of alumina were used: undoped high-purity single-crystal sapphire; a high-purity, high-strength polycrystalline alumina; and a lower-purity, lower-strength polycrystalline alumina. Interfaces formed between niobium and both the sapphire and high-purity polycrystalline alumina were free of detectable levels of impurities. In the lower-purity alumina, niobium silicides were observed at the alumina-niobium interface and on alumina grain boundaries near the interface. These silicides formed in small-grained regions of the alumina and were found to grow from the interface into the alumina along grain boundaries. Smaller silicide precipitates found on grain boundaries are believed to form upon cooling from the bonding temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ceram Sci Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aglaeser@sapphire.berkeley.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2005.12.006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 060OA UT WOS:000238810300008 ER PT J AU Zheng, LX Liao, XZ Zhu, YT AF Zheng, Lianxi Liao, Xiaozhou Zhu, Yuntian T. TI Parametnic study of carbon nanotube growth via cobalt-catalyzed ethanol decomposition SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition; fullerenes; nanomaterials ID FIELD-EMISSION; PARTICLES; VAPOR AB Ethanol has been found to be a superior carbon source that can produce clean carbon nanotubes with minimal amorphous carbon impurity. In this study we have investigated the influence of several synthesis parameters on the growth of carbon nanotubes via cobalt-catalyzed decomposition of ethanol on porous alumina substrates. The synthesis parameters investigated here include the synthesis temperature and time, the flow rate of carrier gas for ethanol, and the concentration of cobalt catalyst solution. Our results suggest that there exist a critical flow rate for ethanol carrier gas and a critical concentration of cobalt solution, below which no carbon nanotube can grow. There also exist optimum parametric windows for synthesis temperature and cobalt solution, within which clean carbon nanotubes grow readily. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zheng, LX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Lianxi@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Zheng, Lianxi/A-3855-2011 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Zheng, Lianxi/0000-0003-4974-365X NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 16 BP 1968 EP 1972 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.12.060 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 045QK UT WOS:000237756600008 ER PT J AU Padilla, WJ Basov, DN Smith, DR AF Padilla, Willie J. Basov, Dimitri N. Smith, David R. TI Negative refractive index metamaterials SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIALS; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; COMPOSITE MEDIUM; DIFFRACTION; LENS AB Engineered materials composed of designed inclusions can exhibit exotic and unique electromagnetic properties not inherent in the individual constituent components. These artificially structured composites, known as metamaterials, have the potential to fill critical voids in the electromagnetic spectrum where material response is limited and enable the construction of novel devices. Recently, metamaterials that display negative refractive index - a property not found in any known naturally occurring material - have drawn significant scientific interest, underscoring the remarkable potential of metamaterials to facilitate new developments in electromagnetism. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Padilla, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM willie@lanl.gov RI Smith, David/E-4710-2012; Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 60 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 16 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7-8 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71573-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 113UH UT WOS:000242622700020 ER PT J AU Carr, CW Feit, MD Nostrand, MC Adams, JJ AF Carr, C. W. Feit, M. D. Nostrand, M. C. Adams, J. J. TI Techniques for qualitative and quantitative measurement of aspects of laser-induced damage important for laser beam propagation SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KDP potassium dihydrogen phosphate; DKDP deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate; defect density ID PERFORMANCE; NM AB Characterizing laser-induced damage in optical materials is important for laser design and operation. Previous methods of evaluating optical materials damage resistance to high-power laser irradiation have typically suffered from shot-to-shot uncertainties in laser energy output and/ or have insufficient sensitivity. More importantly, such methods do not address the aspects of laser-induced damage important to laser beam propagation, namely the amount of light scattered by the damage. We present a method for the quantitative correlation of material modification on the surface or in the bulk of optical materials to laser parameters, which deconvolutes the effects of laser output instability. In image analysis, two images, one a fluence spatial profile and the other a visible light scatter image of the damage, are directly compared to extract scatter as a function of fluence. An automated microscope is used to record the location and number of bulk damage sites and determine a calibration factor between the scatter signal observed and damage density. We illustrate the method with a determination of both bulk damage density as a function of laser fluence and of a representative size distribution in a DKDP crystal. Our method is capable of determining damage densities with an absolute uncertainty of +/- 0.3 pinpoint damage sites per cubic millimetre (pp mm(-3)) in the range 1-100 pp mm(-3) with our minimum detectable density being 0.01 pp mm(-3). We also determined the pps produced by laser pulses of 351 nm, 3 ns light to have a mean diameter of 5.5 +/- 2.5 mu m (1/e(2)). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 14 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1958 EP 1962 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/17/7/039 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 058DT UT WOS:000238645900041 ER PT J AU Tang, GL Gorbatikh, L AF Tang, GL Gorbatikh, L TI Note on are crack experiencing slip SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE partial sliding; slip; friction; circular arc; curvilinearity; stress intensity factors ID FRICTIONAL SLIP; PLANAR CRACK; ZONE AB Under certain loading conditions a crack surface may undergo partial sliding (slip). Such slip may be triggered by non-uniformity of frictional characteristics along the crack surface, variability of applied stresses or curvilinearity of a crack path. In the present work we study the influence of a curvilinear shape of a crack on slip evolution. The analysis is carried out for the case of a two-dimensional circular arc crack. Initiation and propagation of a slip zone is investigated based on the criterion that the shear stress intensity factor vanishes at endpoints of the slip zone. Two case scenarios are studied: first, when slip is attributed to the non-uniform distribution of a coefficient of friction and, second, when slip is initiated by the far field compressive loads. The curvilinear effects are estimated by comparing the obtained solutions with the ones for a straight crack. Analytical expressions for the stress intensity factors (SIFs) derived in this work may also present certain interest of their own. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gorbatikh, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Larissa_Gorbatikh@uml.edu RI Gorbatikh, Larissa/P-6702-2014 OI Gorbatikh, Larissa/0000-0001-6575-3351 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.02.023 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 033HL UT WOS:000236837700013 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA AF Elmer, J. W. Palmer, T. A. TI In-situ phase mapping and direct observations of phase transformations during arc welding of 1045 steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; AUSTENITE TRANSFORMATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; CARBON-STEEL; FLUID-FLOW; FERRITE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIAGRAMS; 1005-STEEL AB In-situ spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) experiments were performed during gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of AISI 1045 C-Mn steel. Ferrite (alpha) and austenite (gamma) phases were identified and quantified in the weld beat-affected zone (HAZ) from the real time SRXRD data. The results were compiled with weld temperatures calculated using a coupled thermal fluids model to create a phase map of the HAZ. Kinetics of the alpha -> gamma transformation during weld heating and the reverse gamma -> alpha transformation during weld cooling were extracted from the map. Superheating as high as 250 degrees C above the A3 temperature was observed for the alpha -> gamma phase transformation to reach completion at locations near the fusion zone (FZ) boundary. The SRXRD experiments revealed that the newly created gamma phase exists with two distinct lattice parameters, resulting from the inhomogeneous distribution of carbon and manganese in the starting pearlitic/ferritic microstructure. During cooling, the reverse gamma -> alpha phase transformation was shown to depend on the HAZ location. In the fine-grained region of the HAZ, the gamma -> alpha transformation begins near the A3 temperature and ends near the A1 temperature. In this region, where the cooling rates are below 40 degrees C/s, the transformation occurs by nucleation and growth of pearlite. In the coarse-grained region of the HAZ, the gamma -> alpha transformation requires 200 degrees C of undercooling for completion. This high degree of undercooling is caused by the large grains coupled with cooling rates in excess of 50 degrees C/s that result in a bainitic transformation mechanism. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM palmer18@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 37A IS 7 BP 2171 EP 2182 DI 10.1007/BF02586137 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 060NM UT WOS:000238808900015 ER PT J AU Welten, KC Nishiizumi, K Caffee, MW Hillegonds, DJ Johnson, JA Julli, AJT Wieler, R Folco, L AF Welten, K. C. Nishiizumi, K. Caffee, M. W. Hillegonds, D. J. Johnson, J. A. Julli, A. J. T. Wieler, R. Folco, L. TI Terrestrial ages, pairing, and concentration mechanism of Antarctic chondrites from Frontier Mountain, Northern Victoria Land SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY-EXPOSURE HISTORY; PRODUCTION-RATES; H-CHONDRITES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; IRON-METEORITES; AMS STANDARDS; NOBLE-GASES; ICE; CA-41 AB We report concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, and Ca-41 in the metal phase of 26 ordinary chondrites from Frontier Mountain (FRO), Antarctica, as well as cosmogenic C-14 in eight and noble gases in four bulk samples. Thirteen out of 14 selected H chondrites belong to two previously identified pairing groups, FRO 90001 and FRO 90174, with terrestrial ages of similar to 40 and similar to 100 kyr, respectively. The FRO 90174 shower is a heterogeneous H3-6 chondrite breccia that probably includes more than 300 individual fragments, explaining the high H/L chondrite ratio (3.8) at Frontier Mountain. The geographic distribution of 19 fragments of this shower constrains ice fluctuations over the past 50-100 kyr to less than similar to 40 m, supporting the stability of the meteorite trap over the last glacial cycle. The second H-chondrite pairing group, FRO 90001, is much smaller and its geographic distribution is mainly controlled by wind-transport. Most L-chondrites are younger than 50 kyr, except for the FRO 93009/01172 pair, which has a terrestrial age of similar to 500 kyr. These two old L chondrites represent the only surviving members of a large shower with a similar preatmospheric radius (similar to 80 cm) as the FRO 90174 shower. The find locations of these two paired L-chondrite fragments on opposite sides of Frontier Mountain confirm the general glaciological model in which the two ice flows passing both ends of the mountain are derived from the same source area on the plateau. The 50 FRO meteorites analyzed so far represent 21 different falls. The terrestrial ages range from 6 kyr to 500 kyr, supporting the earlier proposed concentration mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectr Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Siena, Museo Nazl Antartide, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Welten, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kcwelten@berkeley.edu RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1081 EP 1094 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 068CL UT WOS:000239349400009 ER PT J AU Feeney, DS Crawford, JW Daniell, T Hallett, PD Nunan, N Ritz, K Rivers, M Young, IM AF Feeney, Debbie S. Crawford, John W. Daniell, Tim Hallett, Paul D. Nunan, Naoise Ritz, Karl Rivers, Mark Young, Iain M. TI Three-dimensional microorganization of the soil-root-microbe system SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERGOSTEROL CONCENTRATION; FUNGI AB Soils contain the greatest reservoir of biodiversity on Earth, and the functionality of the soil ecosystem sustains the rest of the terrestrial biosphere. This functionality results from complex interactions between biological and physical processes that are strongly modulated by the soil physical structure. Using a novel combination of biochemical and biophysical indicators and synchrotron microtomography, we have discovered that soil microbes and plant roots microengineer their habitats by changing the porosity and clustering properties (i.e., spatial correlation) of the soil pores. Our results indicate that biota act to significantly alter their habitat toward a more porous, ordered, and aggregated structure that has important consequences for functional properties, including transport processes. These observations support the hypothesis that the soil-plant-microbe complex is self-organized. C1 Univ Abertay, Scottish Informat Math Biol & Stat Ctr, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. INRA, CNRS, INA PG, Lab Biogeochim Milieux Continentaux, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Cranfield Univ, Natl Soil Resources Inst, Silsoe MK45 4DT, Beds, England. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, APS, CARS,CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, IM (reprint author), Univ Abertay, Scottish Informat Math Biol & Stat Ctr, Bell St, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. EM i.young@abertay.ac.uk RI Young, Iain/C-9210-2011; Daniell, Tim/E-8482-2011; Hallett, Paul/C-9233-2011; Nunan, Naoise/I-5297-2013; OI Young, Iain/0000-0002-7588-9006; Daniell, Tim/0000-0003-0435-4343; Hallett, Paul/0000-0001-7542-7832; Nunan, Naoise/0000-0003-3448-7171; Ritz, Karl/0000-0001-6584-0631 NR 26 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9062-8 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 074NI UT WOS:000239818700014 PM 16680511 ER PT J AU Bouhelier, A AF Bouhelier, Alexandre TI Field-enhanced scanning near-field optical microscopy SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Review DE electromagnetic enhancement; surface plasmons; multiphoton microscopy; Raman microscopy; optical resolution ID SINGLE GOLD NANOPARTICLE; ELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD AB This manuscript reviews the principles and recent advances of scanning near-field optical microscopy based on tip-induced field enhancement. These scanning microscopes utilize minute probes to locally enhance an electromagnetic field through a complex interplay between surface plasmon excitation and localization of electric charges by geometrical singularities. The necessary conditions leading to an electromagnetic enhancement will be reviewed, as well as the means to characterize it. A brief account of the theoretical framework will be given, together with applications of the technique ranging from chemical imaging to nanolithography. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bouhelier, A (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, Phys Lab, UMR 5027, Fac Sci Mirande, 9 Ave Alain Savary,BP 47870, F-21075 Dijon, France. EM alexandre.bouhelier@u-bourgogne.fr RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010 NR 129 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-910X EI 1097-0029 J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 563 EP 579 DI 10.1002/jemt20328 PG 17 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 063PG UT WOS:000239031300006 PM 16770767 ER PT J AU Williams, PL Mishin, Y Hamilton, JC AF Williams, PL Mishin, Y Hamilton, JC TI An embedded-atom potential for the Cu-Ag system SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; FCC METALS; PB SYSTEM; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MONTE-CARLO; SURFACE; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION AB A new embedded-atom method (EAM) potential has been constructed for Ag by fitting to experimental and first-principles data. The potential accurately reproduces the lattice parameter, cohesive energy, elastic constants, phonon frequencies, thermal expansion, lattice-defect energies, as well as energies of alternate structures of Ag. Combining this potential with an existing EAM potential for Cu, a binary potential set for the Cu - Ag system has been constructed by fitting the cross-interaction function to first-principles energies of imaginary Cu - Ag compounds. Although properties used in the fit refer to the 0 K temperature ( except for thermal expansion factors of pure Cu and Ag) and do not include liquid configurations, the potentials demonstrate good transferability to high-temperature properties. In particular, the entire Cu - Ag phase diagram calculated with the new potentials in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations is in satisfactory agreement with experiment. This agreement suggests that EAM potentials accurately fit to 0 K properties can be capable of correctly predicting simple phase diagrams. Possible applications of the new potential set are outlined. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Williams, PL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, MSN 5C3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 55 TC 153 Z9 154 U1 17 U2 74 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 817 EP 833 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/14/5/002 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 058OE UT WOS:000238673500014 ER PT J AU McLoughlin, K Turteltaub, K Bankaitis-Davis, D Gerren, R Siconolfi, L Storm, K Cheronis, J Trollinger, D Macejak, D Tryon, V Bevilacqua, M AF McLoughlin, Kevin Turteltaub, Ken Bankaitis-Davis, Danute Gerren, Richard Siconolfi, Lisa Storm, Kathleen Cheronis, John Trollinger, David Macejak, Dennis Tryon, Victor Bevilacqua, Michael TI Limited dynamic range of immune response gene expression observed in healthy blood donors using RT-PCR SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; WHOLE-BLOOD; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; FEVER; VARIABILITY; CYTOKINES; PATTERNS AB The use of quantitative gene expression analysis for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease requires the ability to distinguish pathophysiological changes from natural variations. To characterize these variations in apparently healthy subjects, quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure various immune response genes in whole blood collected from blood bank donors. In a single-time-point study of 131 donors, of 48 target genes, 43 were consistently expressed and 34 followed approximately log-normal distribution. Most transcripts showed a limited dynamic range of expression across subjects. Specifically, 36 genes had standard deviations (SDs) of 0.44 to 0.79 cycle threshold (C-T) units, corresponding to less than a 3-fold variation in expression. Separately, a longitudinal study of 8 healthy individuals demonstrated a total dynamic range (> 2 standard error units) of 2- to 4-fold in most genes. In contrast, a study of whole blood gene expression in 6 volunteers injected with LPS showed 15 genes changing in expression 10- to 90-fold within 2 to 5 h and returning to within normal range within 21 hours. This work demonstrates that (1) the dynamic range of expression of many immune response genes is limited among healthy subjects; (2) expression levels for most genes analyzed are approximately log-normally distributed; and (3) individuals exposed to an infusion of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccha ride), show gene expression profiles that can be readily distinguished from those of a healthy population. These results suggest that normal reference ranges can be established for gone expression assays, providing critical standards for the diagnosis and management of disease. C1 Source MDx, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Paradocs Biomed, Conifer, CO USA. RP Bankaitis-Davis, D (reprint author), Source MDx, 2500 Cent Ave,Suite H-2, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM bunki.davis@sourcemdx.com NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE MED RES PI MANHASSET PA 350 COMMUNITY DRIVE, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1076-1551 J9 MOL MED JI Mol. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7-8 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.2119/2006-00018.McLoughlin PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 104LH UT WOS:000241959400008 PM 17088951 ER PT J AU Hueckstaedt, RM Hunter, JH Lovelace, RVE AF Hueckstaedt, RM Hunter, JH Lovelace, RVE TI Self-gravity driven instabilities of interfaces in the interstellar medium SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; turbulence; stars : formation; ISM : evolution ID IONIZATION FRONTS; STABILITY AB In order to understand star formation it is important to understand the dynamics of atomic and molecular clouds in the interstellar medium (ISM). Non-linear hydrodynamic flows are a key component to the ISM. One route by which non-linear flows arise is the onset and evolution of interfacial instabilities. Interfacial instabilities act to modify the interface between gas components at different densities and temperatures. Such an interface may be subject to a host of instabilities, including the Rayleigh-Taylor, Kelvin-Helmholtz, and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. Recently, a new density interface instability was identified. This self-gravity interfacial instability (SGI) causes any displacement of the interface to grow on roughly a free-fall time-scale, even when the perturbation wavelength is much less than the Jeans length. In previous work, we used numerical simulations to confirm the expectations of linear theory and examine the non-linear evolution of the SGI. We now continue our study by generalizing our initial conditions to allow the acceleration due to self-gravity to be non-zero across the interface. We also consider the behaviour of the SGI for perturbation wavelengths near the Jeans wavelength. We conclude that the action of self-gravity across a density interface may play a significant role in the ISM either by fuelling the growth of new instabilities or modifying the evolution of existing instabilities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hueckstaedt, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmhx@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 3 BP 1143 EP 1151 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.10348.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054CM UT WOS:000238353800011 ER PT J AU Sochting, IK Huber, ME Clowes, RG Howell, SB AF Sochting, IK Huber, ME Clowes, RG Howell, SB TI The FSVS cluster catalogue: galaxy clusters and groups in the Faint Sky Variability Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; catalogues; galaxies : clusters : general ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; COUNTS AB We describe a large sample of 598 galaxy clusters and rich groups discovered in the data of the Faint Sky Variability Survey (FSVS). The clusters have been identified using a fully automated, semiparametric technique based on a maximum likelihood approach applied to Voronoi tessellation, and enhanced by colour discrimination. The sample covers a wide range of richness, has a density of similar to 28 clusters deg(-2), and spans a range of estimated redshifts of 0.05 < z < 0.9 with mean < z > = 0.345. Assuming the presence of a cluster red sequence, the uncertainty of the estimated cluster redshifts is assessed to be sigma similar to 0.03. Containing over 100 clusters with z > 0.6, the catalogue contributes substantially to the current total of optically selected, intermediate-redshift clusters, and complements the existing, usually X-ray selected, samples. The FSVS fields are accessible for observation throughout the whole year, making them particularly suited for large follow-up programmes. The construction of this FSVS Cluster Catalogue completes a fundamental component of our continuing programmes to investigate the environments of quasars and the chemical evolution of galaxies. We publish here the list of all clusters with their basic parameters, and discuss some illustrative examples in more detail. The full FSVS Cluster Catalogue, together with images and lists of member galaxies etc., will be issued as part of the 'NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) data products', and accessible at http://www.noao.edu/dpp/. We describe the format of these data and access to them. C1 Isaac Newton Grp, Santa Cruz De La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Comp, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. WIYN Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sochting, IK (reprint author), Isaac Newton Grp, Apartado Correos 321, Santa Cruz De La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. EM iks@astro.ox.ac.uk OI Clowes, Roger/0000-0001-8370-465X NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 3 BP 1334 EP 1350 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10380.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 054CM UT WOS:000238353800028 ER PT J AU Sasaki, DY Stevens, MJ AF Sasaki, Darryl Y. Stevens, Mark J. TI Stacked, folded, and bent lipid membranes SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biological; biomimetic; cellular; simulation; structural ID BENDING ELASTICITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYERS; SHAPE TRANSFORMATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; DOMAIN FORMATION; FLUID MEMBRANES; ENTROPY-DRIVEN; VESICLES; FUSION AB Lipid membranes are generally thought of as flat or spherical structures, much as we would view the plasma membrane of a cell. Within the cell, however, there exists a wide variety of stacked, folded, and other forms of bent structures that support and enable such functions as photosynthesis, light-sensing, protein synthesis, molecular shuttling, chemical uptake and release, and cell division. These functions benefit from the high asymmetry of the membrane. Stacked or folded structures provide a highly concentrated and ordered assembly for facile energy and molecular transport, while bent structures facilitate budding, division, and fusion events. In this article, we survey the progress made in understanding the formation of these membrane architectures, the development of synthetic forms of stacked and folded assemblies, and the unique materials issues they present. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9292, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1557/mrs2006.136 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 066FB UT WOS:000239214000012 ER PT J AU Ma, E Shen, TD Wu, XL AF Ma, E. Shen, T. D. Wu, X. L. TI Nanostructured metals: Less is more SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Annealing out dislocations in deformed metals usually leads to reduced strength and increased ductility. Exactly the opposite has been observed in bulk nanostructured aluminium. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, State Key Lab Nonlinear Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Ma, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 IS 7 BP 515 EP 516 DI 10.1038/nmat1671 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 059BS UT WOS:000238708900009 PM 16819470 ER PT J AU Wilson, JR Kobsiriphat, W Mendoza, R Chen, HY Hiller, JM Miller, DJ Thornton, K Voorhees, PW Adler, SB Barnett, SA AF Wilson, JR Kobsiriphat, W Mendoza, R Chen, HY Hiller, JM Miller, DJ Thornton, K Voorhees, PW Adler, SB Barnett, SA TI Three-dimensional reconstruction of a solid-oxide fuel-cell anode SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TORTUOSITY FACTORS; ELECTRODES; CATHODES; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSION; IMPEDANCE; MODEL; SOFC AB Three-dimensional reconstruction of a solid-oxide fuel-cell anode. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jameswilson@northwestern.edu; s-barnett@northwestern.edu RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Barnett, Scott/B-7502-2009; Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009; Kobsiriphat, Worawarit/D-2291-2013; OI /0000-0002-1227-5293; Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008; CHEN, HSUN-YI/0000-0001-8234-1535 NR 26 TC 450 Z9 451 U1 26 U2 206 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 IS 7 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1038/nmat1668 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 059BS UT WOS:000238708900018 PM 16767095 ER PT J AU McLain, SE Dolgos, MR Tennant, DA Turner, JFC Barnes, T Proffen, T Sales, BC Bewley, RI AF McLain, SE Dolgos, MR Tennant, DA Turner, JFC Barnes, T Proffen, T Sales, BC Bewley, RI TI Magnetic behaviour of layered Ag(II) fluorides SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILVER; K2CUF4; NEUTRON; MODELS AB Magnetic behaviour of layered Ag(II) fluorides. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Neutron Sci Consortium, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLain, SE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jturner@ion.chem.utk.edu; tbarnes@utk.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759 NR 24 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 IS 7 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1038/nmat1670 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 059BS UT WOS:000238708900022 PM 16783361 ER PT J AU McElroy, K AF McElroy, Kyle TI Superconductivity - Death of a Fermi surface SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item AB Every metal, semimetal and doped semiconductor has a Fermi surface that determines its physical properties. A new state of matter within the 'pseudogap' state of a high-temperature superconductor destroys the Fermi surface, the process of which provides information about the new state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McElroy, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpmcelroy@lbl.gov RI mcelroy, kyle/D-1816-2013; OI McElroy, Kyle/0000-0003-4799-2820 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 7 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1038/nphys355 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065GE UT WOS:000239146900013 ER PT J AU Finn, JM AF Finn, John M. TI Magnetic reconnection - Null point SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item AB The reordering of field lines during magnetic reconnection plays an important part in many astrophysical and terrestrial plasma phenomena. Satellite measurements of a so-called null point during magnetic reconnection should help refine theoretical models of this process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Finn, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM finn@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 7 BP 445 EP 446 DI 10.1038/nphys353 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065GE UT WOS:000239146900015 ER PT J AU Kanigel, A Norman, MR Randeria, M Chatterjee, U Souma, S Kaminski, A Fretwell, HM Rosenkranz, S Shi, M Sato, T Takahashi, T Li, ZZ Raffy, H Kadowaki, K Hinks, D Ozyuzer, L Campuzano, JC AF Kanigel, A. Norman, M. R. Randeria, M. Chatterjee, U. Souma, S. Kaminski, A. Fretwell, H. M. Rosenkranz, S. Shi, M. Sato, T. Takahashi, T. Li, Z. Z. Raffy, H. Kadowaki, K. Hinks, D. Ozyuzer, L. Campuzano, J. C. TI Evolution of the pseudogap from Fermi arcs to the nodal liquid SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-T-C; NORMAL-STATE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; GAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; PHASE; FILMS AB The response of a material to external stimuli depends on its low-energy excitations. In conventional metals, these excitations are electrons on the Fermi surface - a contour in momentum (k) space that encloses all of the occupied states for non-interacting electrons. The pseudogap phase in the copper oxide superconductors, however, is a most unusual state of matter(1). It is metallic, but part of its Fermi surface is 'gapped out' (refs 2,3); low-energy electronic excitations occupy disconnected segments known as Fermi arcs(4). Two main interpretations of its origin have been proposed: either the pseudogap is a precursor to superconductivity(5), or it arises from another order competing with superconductivity(6). Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the anisotropy of the pseudogap in k-space and the resulting arcs depend only on the ratio T/T*(x), where T*( x) is the temperature below which the pseudogap first develops at a given hole doping x. The arcs collapse linearly with T/T*( x) and extrapolate to zero extent as T --> 0. This suggests that the T = 0 pseudogap state is a nodal liquid - a strange metallic state whose gapless excitations exist only at points in k-space, just as in a d-wave superconducting state. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Sci Mat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3053573, Japan. RP Campuzano, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jcc@uic.edu RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011; souma, seigo/A-4858-2010; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; NR 19 TC 304 Z9 305 U1 11 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 7 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1038/nphys334 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065GE UT WOS:000239146900016 ER PT J AU Brown, WM Backer, A AF Brown, W. Michael Backer, Alex TI Optimal neuronal tuning for finite stimulus spaces SO NEURAL COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID POPULATION CODES; INFORMATION; RESOLUTION; RECEIVERS; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB The efficiency of neuronal encoding in sensory and motor systems has been proposed as a first principle governing response properties within the central nervous system. We present a continuation of a theoretical study presented by Zhang and Sejnowski, where the influence of neuronal tuning properties on encoding accuracy is analyzed using information theory. When a finite stimulus space is considered, we show that the encoding accuracy improves with narrow tuning for one- and two-dimensional stimuli. For three dimensions and higher, there is an optimal tuning width. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Brown, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM wmbrown@sandia.gov; alex@caltech.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 0899-7667 EI 1530-888X J9 NEURAL COMPUT JI Neural Comput. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1511 EP 1526 DI 10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1511 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 044UO UT WOS:000237698100001 PM 16764512 ER PT J AU Fonseca, R Barbosa, D Cupido, L Mourao, A dos Santos, DM Smoot, GF Tello, C AF Fonseca, R Barbosa, D Cupido, L Mourao, A dos Santos, DM Smoot, GF Tello, C TI Site evaluation and RFI spectrum measurements in Portugal at the frequency range 0.408-10 GHz for a GEM polarized galactic radio emission experiment SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE radio frequency interference; site testing; cosmic microwave background; polarization ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION AB We probed for radio frequency interference (RFI) at three potential galactic emission mapping experiment (GEM) sites in Portugal using custom made omnidirectional disconic antennas and directional pyramidal horn antennas. For the installation of a 10-m dish dedicated to the mapping of polarized galactic emission foreground planned for 2005-2007 in the 5-10 GHz band, the three sites chosen as suitable to host the antenna were surveyed for local radio pollution in the frequency range 0.01-10 GHz. Tests were done to look for radio broadcasting and mobile phone emission lines in the radio spectrum. The results show one of the sites to be almost entirely RFI clean and showing good conditions to host the experiment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CENTRA, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Aveiro, Dept Elect & Telecomun, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. Inst Telecomun, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. Univ Porto, Ctr Fis, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Astrophys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Astrofis, BR-12210070 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Barbosa, D (reprint author), CENTRA, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM dbarbosa@ist.uti.pt RI Mourao, Ana/K-9133-2015; OI Mourao, Ana/0000-0002-0855-1849; Barbosa, Domingos/0000-0002-5191-7826; Santos, Dinis/0000-0003-2797-5353 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 11 IS 8 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2006.02.002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 056RO UT WOS:000238543000002 ER PT J AU Burrows, TW AF Burrows, T. W. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=48 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; HIGH-SPIN STATES; MULTIPOLE MATRIX-ELEMENTS; ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING; SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; DOUBLE CHARGE-EXCHANGE; MEDIUM-WEIGHT NUCLEI; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI AB The 1995 Interim Evaluation for A=48 (literature cutoff date of June 16, 1995) has been revised using experimental decay and reaction data received by April 14, 2006. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burrows, TW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM burrows@bnl.gov NR 171 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUL PY 2006 VL 107 IS 7 BP 1747 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.05.005 PG 173 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 059XF UT WOS:000238764800001 ER PT J AU Jain, AK Singh, S Tuli, JK AF Jain, AK Singh, S Tuli, JK TI Nuclear data sheets for A=253 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; FISSION HALF-LIVES; QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; FAVORED ALPHA-DECAYS; GROUND-STATE; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; HEAVY-NUCLEI; ELEMENT 104; MASS AB Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number A=253, Z=98 to 104 Z=98 to 104 (Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rf) and N=155 to 149 have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and J pi of levels in these nuclides. No excited state data are yet available for (253)Rf. This evaluation supersedes previous full evaluation of A=253 by A. Artna-Cohen (1999Ar21) with literature cutoff date of July 1999. C1 Univ Roorkee, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jain, AK (reprint author), Univ Roorkee, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUL PY 2006 VL 107 IS 7 BP 2103 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.05.007 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 059XF UT WOS:000238764800003 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Lee, MR Kim, JT Luk, V Jung, YH AF Lee, JH Lee, MR Kim, JT Luk, V Jung, YH TI A study of the characteristics of the acoustic emission signals for condition monitoring of check valves in nuclear power plants SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study is to demonstrate that a condition-monitoring system based on acoustic emission (AE) detection can provide timely detection of check valve degradation and service aging so that maintenance or replacement can be preformed prior to the loss of safety function. This research is focused on the investigation and understanding of the capability of the acoustic emission technique to provide diagnostic information on check valve failures. AE testing for a check valve under controlled flow loop conditions was performed to detect and valve degradation such as wear and leakage due to foreign object interference. It is clearly demonstrated that the distinction of different types of failure were successful by systematically analyzing the characteristics of various AE parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Mech Design Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Man Machine Interface Syst Team, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Risk & Reliabil Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, San 30 Jangjeon Dong, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM johlee@pusan.ac.kr NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 236 IS 13 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.01.007 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 052JT UT WOS:000238230700008 ER PT J AU Cooper, WA Graves, JP Hirshman, SP Yamaguchi, T Narushima, Y Okamura, S Sakakibara, S Suzuki, C Watanabe, KY Yamada, H Yamazaki, K AF Cooper, W. A. Graves, J. P. Hirshman, S. P. Yamaguchi, T. Narushima, Y. Okamura, S. Sakakibara, S. Suzuki, C. Watanabe, K. Y. Yamada, H. Yamazaki, K. TI Anisotropic pressure bi-Maxwellian distribution function model for three-dimensional equilibria SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas CY APR, 2005 CL Park City, UT ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA; TOKAMAK; STELLARATOR; INSTABILITY; LHD AB A formulation of the anisotropic pressure magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium problem for three-dimensional plasmas with imposed nested magnetic surfaces is developed based on a bi-Maxwellian model of the distribution function for the energetic particle species. The hot particle distribution function satisfies the constraint B . del F-h = 0. Large parallel and perpendicular anisotropy factors can be explored within the model through the choice of the hot particle perpendicular to parallel temperature ratio T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to. A fixed boundary version of the VMEC code has been adapted to numerically compute three-dimensional anisotropic pressure equilibria. Applications to a 10-field period Heliotron device and a 2-field quasiaxisymmetric stellarator demonstrate that the pressures do not vary significantly around the magnetic surfaces when the total parallel pressure p(parallel to), is larger than its perpendicular counterpart p(perpendicular to). For off-axis hot particle deposition with p(perpendicular to) > p(parallel to), p(perpendicular to) concentrates in the region where the energetic particles are generated. On the other hand, p(parallel to) is distributed roughly uniformly around the flux surfaces in the Heliotron but is localized on the low field side in the quasiaxisymmetric machine. The hot particle density structure correlates more closely with the corresponding perpendicular rather than with parallel pressure. The specific form for the definition of that best correlates with the Shafranov shift is identified. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Grad Sch Adv Studies, Toki 5095292, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Cooper, WA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM wilfred.cooper@epfl.ch RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP 683 EP 698 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/7/001 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 069WE UT WOS:000239478900016 ER PT J AU Jaeger, EF Harvey, RW Berry, LA Myra, JR Dumont, RJ Phillips, CK Smithe, DN Barrett, RF Batchelor, DB Bonoli, PT Carter, MD D'azevedo, EF Wippolito, DA Moore, RD Wright, JC AF Jaeger, E. F. Harvey, R. W. Berry, L. A. Myra, J. R. Dumont, R. J. Phillips, C. K. Smithe, D. N. Barrett, R. F. Batchelor, D. B. Bonoli, P. T. Carter, M. D. D'azevedo, E. F. Wippolito, D. A. Moore, R. D. Wright, J. C. TI Global-wave solutions with self-consistent velocity distributions in ion cyclotron heated plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas CY APR, 2005 CL Park City, UT ID CURRENT DRIVE; SPACE DIFFUSION; MODE CONVERSION; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; DIII-D; PROPAGATION; ABSORPTION; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; ROTATION AB Global wave solutions with self-consistent velocity distributions are calculated for ion cyclotron heating in non-Maxwellian plasmas. The all-orders spectral algorithm (AORSA) global wave solver is generalized to treat non-thermal velocity distributions arising from fusion reactions, neutral beam injection and wave driven diffusion in velocity space. Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are derived directly from the wave electric field and used to calculate ion velocity distribution functions with the CQL3D Fokker-Planck code. Alternatively, the quasi-linear coefficients can be calculated numerically by integrating the Lorentz force equations along particle orbits. Self-consistency between the wave electric field and resonant ion distribution function is achieved by iterating between the global-wave and Fokker-Planck solutions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO USA. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc CEA Fus, St Paul Les Durance, France. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fusion, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dumont, Remi/D-3840-2009 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP S397 EP S408 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/7/S02 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 069WE UT WOS:000239478900003 ER PT J AU Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Russell, DA Berry, LA Jaeger, EF Carter, MD AF Myra, J. R. D'Ippolito, D. A. Russell, D. A. Berry, L. A. Jaeger, E. F. Carter, M. D. TI Nonlinear ICRF-plasma interactions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas CY APR, 2005 CL Park City, UT ID ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; BERNSTEIN WAVE ANTENNA; ALCATOR C-MOD; FRASCATI TOKAMAK UPGRADE; INDUCED POLOIDAL FLOW; EDGE PLASMA; PARAMETRIC DECAY; RF SHEATH; DIII-D AB Nonlinear interactions of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) waves with fusion plasmas are reviewed. Although the linear theory of ICRF waves, including fast waves (FWs), high-harmonic fast waves and ion Bernstein waves (IBWs), is widely applicable, nonlinear effects can still be important, especially in the edge plasma or for novel core applications. Here the topics of flow drive, ponderomotive forces, radiofrequency (rf) sheaths, parametric decay and related interactions with the edge plasma are considered. Primary emphasis is placed on the basic underlying physics and tokamak applications. For FW antennas, the parallel electric field near launching structures is known to drive rf sheaths which can give rise to convective cells, interaction with plasma 'blobs', impurity production and edge power dissipation. In addition to sheaths, IBW waves in the edge plasma are subject to strong ponderomotive effects and parametric decay. In the core plasma, slow waves can sometimes induce nonlinear effects. Mechanisms by which these waves can influence the radial electric field and its shear are summarized and related to the general (reactive-ponderomotive and dissipative) force on a plasma from rf waves. Standard ICRF codes have begun to incorporate the nonlinear topics described here. Further progress in integrated simulation should allow new predictive modelling capabilities. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 100 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP S455 EP S468 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/7/S08 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 069WE UT WOS:000239478900009 ER PT J AU Pinsker, RI Porkolab, M Heidbrink, WW Lu, Y Petty, CC Prater, R Choi, M Schaffner, DA Baity, FW Fredd, E Hosea, JC Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP Murakami, M Van Zeeland, MA AF Pinsker, R. I. Porkolab, M. Heidbrink, W. W. Lu, Y. Petty, C. C. Prater, R. Choi, M. Schaffner, D. A. Baity, F. W. Fredd, E. Hosea, J. C. Harvey, R. W. Smirnov, A. P. Murakami, M. Van Zeeland, M. A. TI Absorption of fast waves at moderate to high ion cyclotron harmonics on DIIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas CY APR, 2005 CL Park City, UT ID CURRENT DRIVE; D TOKAMAK AB The absorption of fast Alfven waves (FW) by ion cyclotron harmonic damping in the range of harmonics from 4th to 8th is studied theoretically and with experiments in the DIII-D tokamak. A formula for linear ion cyclotron absorption on ions with an arbitrary distribution function which is symmetric about the magnetic field is used to estimate the single-pass damping for various cases of experimental interest. It is found that damping on fast ions from neutral beam injection can be significant even at the 8th harmonic if the fast ion beta, the beam injection energy and the background plasma density are high enough and the beam injection geometry is appropriate. The predictions are tested in several L-mode experiments in DIII-D with FW power at 60 MHz and at 116 MHz. It is found that 4th and 5th harmonic absorption of the 60 MHz power on the beam ions can be quite strong, but 8th harmonic absorption of the 116 MHz power appears to be weaker than expected. The linear modelling predicts a strong dependence of the 8th harmonic absorption on the initial pitch-angle of the injected beam, which is not observed in the experiment. Possible explanations of the discrepancy are discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Pinsker, RI (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP S416 EP S424 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/7/S04 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 069WE UT WOS:000239478900005 ER PT J AU Shimizu, H Sterman, G Vogelsang, W Yokoya, H AF Shimizu, H. Sterman, G. Vogelsang, W. Yokoya, H. TI QCD corrections to dilepton production near partonic threshold in (p)over-barp scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR 2005) CY OCT 02-07, 2005 CL Shonan Village, JAPAN SP High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Grad Univ Adv Studies ID DRELL-YAN-PROCESS; TO-LEADING ORDER; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSVERSITY; RESUMMATION; INEQUALITY; COLLISIONS AB We present a recent study of the QCD corrections to dilepton production near partonic threshold in transversely polarized pp scattering. We analyze the role of the higher-order perturbative QCD corrections in terms of the available fixed-order contributions as well as of all-order soft-gluon resummations for the kinematical regime of proposed experiments at CST-FAIR. We find that perturbative corrections are large for both unpolarized and polarized cross sections, but that the spin asymmetries are stable. The role of the far infrared region of the momentum integral in the resummed exponent and the effect of the NNLL resummation are briefly discussed. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RP Shimizu, H (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 157 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.03.048 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 046GI UT WOS:000237799100039 ER PT J AU Taiwo, TA Kim, TK Stillman, JA Hill, RN Salvatores, M Finck, PJ AF Taiwo, TA Kim, TK Stillman, JA Hill, RN Salvatores, M Finck, PJ TI Assessment of a heterogeneous PWR assembly for plutonium and minor actinide recycle SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Options for both full and partial transuranics (TRU) recycle in pressurized water reactors with a heterogeneous assembly design have been assessed. The impacts of these options on proliferation resistance, fuel handling, and repository performance were evaluated. The results indicate that the option of all-TRU recycle is the one most beneficial for the repository and nonproliferation, but this option also results in the most problems for fuel handling at the fabrication stage as a result of the high spontaneous fission neutron emission rate. Recycling americium in the fuel cycle provides significant benefits for both nonproliferation and repository performance over that obtained with plutonium-only recycling. Coupling americium recycling in the fuel cycle with storage of curium is an option that appears promising, if an appropriate solution for curium storage is found. Results for the various performance indices suggest that at least seven recycles of the TRU can be performed using the heterogeneous assembly design, provided remote handling of fuel is a price that is acceptable for the transmutation mission. Three recycles with an extended cooling interval prior to loading in advanced reactor transmutation systems is another option; the delay time provided by this campaign could be used to develop and deploy the advanced systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Taiwo, TA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Taiwo@anl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 34 EP 54 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 059IM UT WOS:000238726500003 ER PT J AU Taiwo, TA Hoffman, EA Hill, RN Yang, WS AF Taiwo, TA Hoffman, EA Hill, RN Yang, WS TI Evaluation of long-life transuranics breakeven and burner cores for waste minimization in a PB-GCFR fuel cycle SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Transuranics (TRU) breakeven and burner core designs have been studied for the Pebble-Bed Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (PB-GCFR), which was developed under a 2-yr U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Initiative project. The issues of minimizing waste production, fuel cost, and burnup reactivity swing, and maximizing TRU burning have been investigated primarily from a neutronics viewpoint. For TRU breakeven cores, it was found thatfor the given core power [300 MW(thermal)] and power density (50 MW/m(3)), the lowest amount of radiotoxic TRU to be processed is obtained for a long-life (single-batch) core of 30-yr duration. Minimizing the TRU processed results in a minimization of the TRU losses that ultimately will have to be entombed in a geologic repository. The results show that the single-batch, long-life PB-GCFR could be designed to operate over a wide range of cycle lengths and fuel loadings. By modifying the TRU feed to have a higher minor actinide (MA) fraction than contained in light water reactor spent fuel, the burnup reactivity swing for the long-life core can be reduced significantly. With this approach, it is also possible to configure the long-life PB-GCFR core as a TRU burner using nonuranium fuel. A nonuranium fuel PB-GCFR with 24% plutonium and 76% MAs can operate for 17 full-power years and achieve 25% burnup with a reactivity swing of 3%Delta k. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Taiwo, TA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Taiwo@anl.gov OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 059IM UT WOS:000238726500004 ER PT J AU DeSantis, TZ Hugenholtz, P Keller, K Brodie, EL Larsen, N Piceno, YM Phan, R Andersen, GL AF DeSantis, T. Z. Hugenholtz, P. Keller, K. Brodie, E. L. Larsen, N. Piceno, Y. M. Phan, R. Andersen, G. L. TI NAST: a multiple sequence alignment server for comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM AB Microbiologists conducting surveys of bacterial and archaeal diversity often require comparative alignments of thousands of 16S rRNA genes collected from a sample. The computational resources and bioinformatics expertise required to construct such an alignment has inhibited high- throughput analysis. It was hypothesized that an online tool could be developed to efficiently align thousands of 16S rRNA genes via the NAST ( Nearest Alignment Space Termination) algorithm for creating multiple sequence alignments ( MSA). The tool was implemented with a web- interface at http://greengenes.lbl.gov/ NAST. Each user- submitted sequence is compared with Greengenes' 'Core Set', comprising similar to 10 000 aligned non- chimeric sequences representative of the currently recognized diversity among bacteria and archaea. User sequences are oriented and paired with their closest match in the Core Set to serve as a template for inserting gap characters. Non-16S data ( sequence from vector or surrounding genomic regions) are conveniently removed in the returned alignment. From the resulting MSA, distancematrices can be calculated for diversity estimates and organisms can be classified by taxonomy. The ability to align and categorize large sequence sets using a simple interface has enabled researchers with various experience levels to obtain bacterial and archaeal community profiles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Danish Genome Inst, Aarhus, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP DeSantis, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdesantis@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016; OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 24 TC 510 Z9 516 U1 8 U2 70 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP W394 EP W399 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl244 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156LR UT WOS:000245650200080 PM 16845035 ER PT J AU Liang, H Zhou, WH Landweber, LF AF Liang, Han Zhou, Weihua Landweber, Laura F. TI SWAKK: a web server for detecting positive selection in proteins using a sliding window substitution rate analysis SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; GENES; REGIONS; SITE; LIKELIHOOD; EVOLUTION; NUMBERS; MODELS AB We present a bioinformatic web server ( SWAKK) for detecting amino acid sites or regions of a protein under positive selection. It estimates the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (K-A/K-S) between a pair of protein-coding DNA sequences, by sliding a 3D window, or sphere, across one reference structure. The program displays the results on the 3D protein structure. In addition, for comparison or when a reference structure is unavailable, the server can also perform a sliding window analysis on the primary sequence. The SWAKK web server is available at http://oxytricha.princeton.edu/SWAKK/. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Landweber, LF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lfl@princeton.edu OI Liang, Han/0000-0001-7633-286X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59708, R01 GM059708] NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP W382 EP W384 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl272 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156LR UT WOS:000245650200077 PM 16845032 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Schultz, AK Calef, C Kuiken, C Leitner, T Korber, B Morgenstern, B Stanke, M AF Zhang, Ming Schultz, Anne-Kathrin Calef, Charles Kuiken, Carla Leitner, Thomas Korber, Bette Morgenstern, Burkhard Stanke, Mario TI jpHMM at GOBICS: a web server to detect genomic recombinations in HIV-1 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALIGNMENTS AB Detecting recombinations in the genome sequence of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV- 1) is crucial for epidemiological studies and for vaccine development. Herein, we present a web server for subtyping and localization of phylogenetic breakpoints in HIV- 1. Our software is based on a jumping profile Hidden Markov Model ( jpHMM), a probabilistic generalization of the jumping- alignment approach proposed by Spang et al. The input data for our server is a partial or complete genome sequence from HIV- 1; our tool assigns regions of the input sequence to known subtypes of HIV- 1 and predicts phylogenetic breakpoints. jpHMM is available online at http://jphmm.gobics.de/. C1 Inst Mikrobiol & Genet, Abt Bioinformat, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Stanke, M (reprint author), Inst Mikrobiol & Genet, Abt Bioinformat, Goldschmidtstr 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Morgenstern, Burkhard/A-7486-2008; OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Schultz, Anne-Kathrin/0000-0002-0963-4275 FU NIAID NIH HHS [Y01 AI1500, Y1-AI-1500-01] NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP W463 EP W465 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl255 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156LR UT WOS:000245650200094 PM 16845050 ER PT J AU Bochev, P Kim, SD Shin, BC AF Bochev, P Kim, SD Shin, BC TI Analysis and computation of least-squares methods for a compressible Stokes problem SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE least-squares methods; compressible Stokes; negative norm ID PRESSURE-STRESS FORMULATION; INFLOW BOUNDARY-CONDITION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB We develop and analyze a negative norm least-squares method for the compressible Stokes equations with an inflow boundary condition. Least-squares principles are derived for a first-order form of the equations obtained by using omega = del x u and phi = del . u as new dependent variables. The resulting problem is incompletely elliptic, i.e., it combines features of elliptic and hyperbolic equations. As a result, well-posedness of least-squares functionals cannot be established using the ADN elliptic theory and so we use direct approaches to prove their norm-equivalence. The article concludes with numerical examples that illustrate the theoretical convergence rates. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Math, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Math, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Shin, BC (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Math, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM beshin@chonnam.ac.kr NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 867 EP 883 DI 10.1002/num.20126 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 052BB UT WOS:000238204400007 ER PT J AU Christensen, L Riley, WJ Ortiz-Monasterio, I AF Christensen, L. Riley, W. J. Ortiz-Monasterio, I. TI Nitrogen cycling in an irrigated wheat system in Sonora, Mexico: measurements and modeling SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crop growth; N(2) fluxes; N(2)O fluxes; NO fluxes; NLOSS; trace gas; Yaqui Valley ID REACTIVE NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; N2O; NITRIFICATION; N-2 AB An improved version of an ecosystem nitrogen cycling model (NLOSS) is described, tested, and used to analyze nitrogen cycling in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. In addition to previously described modules in NLOSS that simulate soil water and solute fluxes, soil evaporation, soil energy balance, and denitrification, modules were added to estimate crop growth, soil carbon cycling, urea hydrolysis, and nitrification. We first tested the model against season-long measurements of soil NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), and NH(4)(+) aqueous concentrations; NO and N(2)O soil effluxes; and crop biomass accumulation in three fertilizer treatments. We used NLOSS to test the sensitivity of wheat production, NO(3)(-) losses, and trace-gas emissions to fertilizer application rate. With the model, we compared the typical farmer's fertilization of 250 kg N ha(-1) with five other fertilization scenarios, ranging from 110 to 220 kg N ha(-1). The typical farmer's practice produced higher wheat yield than the lower fertilization treatments. However, the increase in yield per increase in kg N applied decreased with increasing fertilizer addition as a result of higher leaching losses, higher residual N, and higher trace-gas emissions. In addition, with respect to the lowest fertilization treatment, the highest fertilization treatment resulted in an 11% decrease, a 10% increase, and a 157% increase in N(2), N(2)O, and NO emissions, respectively, and a 41% increase in leached NO(3)(-) + NO(2)(-). These results demonstrate that a small decrease in fertilizer application rate can increase N-use efficiency for wheat growth, while reducing leaching losses and emissions of harmful trace gas fluxes. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Christensen, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lindsey@nrel.colostate.edu RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s10705-006-9025-y PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 089EM UT WOS:000240863100014 ER PT J AU Carr, R Parekh, O AF Carr, R Parekh, O TI A 1/2-integral relaxation for the A-matching problem SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE b-matching; general factor; matching theory; polyhedral relaxation ID GRAPHS AB The A-matching problem generalizes matching problems by stipulating that the degree of each vertex lies in a set A, of admissible values. If these sets have no large "gaps", the decision problem is in P, while the complexity of the optimization version is open. We present a polynomial time solvable 1/2-integral linear relaxation for this case. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Math CS Dept, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parekh, O (reprint author), Emory Univ, Math CS Dept, 400 Dowman Dr,Suite W401, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rdcarr@sandia.gov; ojas@mathcs.emory.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2005.06.004 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 045FE UT WOS:000237727200011 ER PT J AU La Riviere, PJ Billmire, D Vargas, P Rivers, M Sutton, SR AF La Riviere, Patrick J. Billmire, David Vargas, Phillip Rivers, Mark Sutton, Stephen R. TI Penalized-likelihood image reconstruction for x-ray fluorescence computed tomography SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE x-ray fluorescence computed tomography; image reconstruction; penalized-likelihood methods ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; A-POSTERIORI RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHMS; ATTENUATION; SINOGRAMS AB X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT ) allows for the reconstruction of the distribution of elements within a sample from measurements of fluorescence x rays produced by irradiation of the sample with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. XFCT is not a transmission tomography modality, but rather a stimulated emission tomography modality; thus correction for attenuation of the incident and fluorescence photons is essential if accurate images are to be obtained. This is challenging because the attenuation map is, in general, known only at the stimulating beam energy and not at the various fluorescence energies of interest. We make use of empirically fitted analytic expressions for x-ray attenuation coefficients to express the unknown attenuation maps as linear combinations of known quantities and the unknown elemental concentrations of interest. We then develop an iterative image reconstruction algorithm based on penalized-likelihood methods that have been developed for medical emission tomography. Studies with numerical phantoms indicate that the approach is able to produce qualitatively and quantitatively accurate reconstructed images even in the face of severe attenuation. We also apply the method to real synchrotron-acquired data and demonstrate a marked improvement in image quality relative to filtered backprojection reconstruction. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. GSECARS, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. RP La Riviere, PJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC-2026, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. EM pjlarivi@uchicago.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 7 AR 077005 DI 10.1117/1.2227273 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068BR UT WOS:000239347200037 ER PT J AU Weith, A Larotonda, MA Wang, Y Luther, BM Alessi, D Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Dunn, J AF Weith, A Larotonda, MA Wang, Y Luther, BM Alessi, D Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Dunn, J TI Continuous high-repetition-rate operation of collisional soft-x-ray lasers with solid targets SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 18.9-NM TABLETOP LASER; NM; GAIN; WAVELENGTHS AB We have generated a laser average output power of 2 mu W at a wavelength of 13.9 nm by operating a tabletop laser-pumped Ni-like Ag laser at a 5 Hz repetition rate, using a solid helicoidal target that is continuously rotated and advanced to renew the target surface between shots. More than 2 X 10(4) soft-x-ray laser shots were obtained by using a single target. Similar results were obtained at 13.2 nm in Ni-like Cd with a Cd-coated target. This scheme will allow uninterrupted operation of laser-pumped tabletop collisional soft-x-ray lasers at a repetition rate of 10 Hz for a period of hours, enabling the generation of continuous high average soft-x-ray powers for applications. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Colorado State Univ, NSF Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weith, A (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rocca@engr.colostate.edu NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1994 EP 1996 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001994 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 056BA UT WOS:000238494600018 PM 16770410 ER PT J AU Li, M Sethi, IK AF Li, M Sethi, IK TI Confidence-based classifier design SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL British Machine Vis Assoc, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Univ Surrey, UniS, IEEE Comp Soc, HP Res Labs Bristol HO British Machine Vis Assoc DE pattern classification; confidence-based classification; error estimation; reject option; support vector machines; dynamic bin width allocation ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB In this paper, a new classifier design methodology, confidence-based classifier design, is proposed to design classifiers with controlled confidence. This methodology is under the guidance of two optimal classification theories, a new classification theory for designing optimal classifiers with controlled error rates and the C.K. Chow's optimal classification theory for designing optimal classifiers with controlled conditional error. The new methodology also takes advantage of the current well-developed classifier's probability preserving and ordering properties. It calibrates the output scores of current classifiers to the conditional error or error rates. Thus, it can either classify input samples or reject them according to the output scores of classifiers. It can achieve some reasonable performance even though it is not an optimal solution. An example is presented to implement the new methodology using support vector machines (SVMs). The empirical cumulative density function method is used to estimate error rates from the output scores of a trained SVM. Furthermore, a new dynamic bin width allocation method is proposed to estimate sample conditional error and this method adapts to the underlying probabilities. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested classifier design methodology. (c) 2006 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM mli@lbl.gov; isethi@oakland.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1230 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2006.01.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 043GR UT WOS:000237588800002 ER PT J AU Ahmad, I AF Ahmad, Irshad TI Identification of Nilsson states in transcurium nuclei SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID SINGLE-PARTICLE STATES; CM-249; REGION AB In recent years, we have studied the structure of transcurium nuclei using the best available actinide sources and state-of-the-art instruments. These include the largest amount of high-purity samples produced in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer located at Argonne. Proton single-particle states in Bk-249 were investigated by measuring the gamma-ray spectra of an extremely pure Es-253 sample and reactor-produced Cm-249 sources. Neutron single-particle states were identified in Cf-251 by measuring gamma-ray spectra of Fm-255 sources and a cyclotron-produced Es-251 source. By combining the results of these measurements with the results of one-nucleon transfer reactions, we were able to identify almost all the single-particle states up to 1MeV excitation in 249Bk and 251Cf. The level energies in these nuclei are in good agreement with energies calculated with a Woods-Saxon potential and pairing interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmad, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ahmad@phy.anl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/017 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500019 ER PT J AU Herskind, B Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Dossing, T Hansen, CR Schunck, N Odegard, S Hubel, H Bringel, P Burger, A Neusser, A Singh, AK Al-Khatib, A Patel, SB Bracco, A Leoni, S Camera, F Benzoni, G Mason, P Paleni, A Million, B Wieland, O Bednarczyk, P Azaiez, F Byrski, T Curien, D Dakov, O Duchene, G Khalfallah, F Gall, B Piqeras, L Robin, J Dudek, J Rowley, N Nyako, BM Algora, A Dombradi, Z Gal, J Kalinka, G Sohler, D Molnar, J Timar, J Zolnai, L Juhasz, K Redon, N Hannachi, F Scheurer, JN Wilson, JN Lopez-Martens, A Korichi, A Hauschild, K Roccaz, J Siem, S Fallon, P Lee, IY Gorgen, A Maj, A Kmiecik, M Brekiesz, M Styczen, J Zuber, K Lisle, JC Cederwall, B Lagergren, K Evans, AO Rainovski, G De Angelis, G La Rana, G Moro, R Gast, W Lieder, RM Podsvirova, E Jager, H Petrache, CM Petrache, D AF Herskind, B. Hagemann, G. B. Sletten, G. Dossing, Th Hansen, C. Ronn Schunck, N. Odegard, S. Huebel, H. Bringel, P. Buerger, A. Neusser, A. Singh, A. K. Al-Khatib, A. Patel, S. B. Bracco, A. Leoni, S. Camera, F. Benzoni, G. Mason, P. Paleni, A. Million, B. Wieland, O. Bednarczyk, P. Azaiez, F. Byrski, Th Curien, D. Dakov, O. Duchene, G. Khalfallah, F. Gall, B. Piqeras, L. Robin, J. Dudek, J. Rowley, N. Nyako, B. M. Algora, A. Dombradi, Z. Gal, J. Kalinka, G. Sohler, D. Molnar, J. Timar, J. Zolnai, L. Juhasz, K. Redon, N. Hannachi, F. Scheurer, J. N. Wilson, J. N. Lopez-Martens, A. Korichi, A. Hauschild, K. Roccaz, J. Siem, S. Fallon, P. Lee, I. Y. Gorgen, A. Maj, A. Kmiecik, M. Brekiesz, M. Styczen, J. Zuber, K. Lisle, J. C. Cederwall, B. Lagergren, K. Evans, A. O. Rainovski, G. De Angelis, G. La Rana, G. Moro, R. Gast, W. Lieder, R. M. Podsvirova, E. Jaeger, H. Petrache, C. M. Petrache, D. TI Charged particle feeding of hyperdeformed nuclei in the A=118-126 region SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID JACOBI TRANSITIONS; XE NUCLEI; SEARCH AB A breakthrough was recently obtained in the analysis of the so-called Hyper-Long-HyperDeformed (HLHD) experiment made at the EUROBALL-IV gamma-detector array (EB). The (64)Ni + (64)Ni double right arrow (128)Ba* fusion reaction was studied at E(beam) = 255 and 261 MeV, reaching the highest angular momentum that the compound nuclei can accommodate. To date no discrete HD rotational bands have been identified. However, rotational patterns in the form of ridge-structures in three-dimensional (3D) rotational mapped spectra are identified with dynamic moments of inertia J((2)) ranging from 71 to 111h(2) MeV(-1) in 12 different nuclei selected by charged particle- and/or gamma-gating. The four nuclei, (118)Te, (124)Cs, (125)Cs and (124)Xe found with moment of inertia J((2)) >= 100h(2) MeV(-1), are most likely hyperdeformed, the remaining nuclei with smaller values of J((2)), are considered to be superdeformed, in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical calculations. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Oslo, Blindern, Norway. Univ Bonn, HISKP, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrechen, H-4000 Debrecen, Hungary. INP, Lyon, France. CENBG, Bordeaux, France. CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91406 Orsay, France. LBNL, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Shuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Lab Natl Legnaro, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Legnaro, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80138 Naples, Italy. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Herskind, B (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM herskind@nbi.dk RI Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012; DUDEK, Jerzy/A-3584-2013; CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013 OI Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; Camera, Franco/0000-0003-1731-4834; Schunck, Nicolas/0000-0002-9203-6849; benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338; Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390; DUDEK, Jerzy/0000-0001-5864-6339; NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/025 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500027 ER PT J AU Chiara, CJ Sarantites, DG Montero, M O'Brien, J Reviol, W Pechenaya, OL Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Satula, W Shimizu, YR AF Chiara, C. J. Sarantites, D. G. Montero, M. O'Brien, J. Reviol, W. Pechenaya, O. L. Clark, R. M. Fallon, P. Gorgen, A. Macchiavelli, A. O. Ward, D. Satula, W. Shimizu, Y. R. TI Linking transitions in the A approximate to 80 region of superdeformation SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT MEASUREMENT; HIGHLY DEFORMED BANDS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; MASS REGION; DECAY; YRAST AB In a recent study of superdeformed (SD) bands in the A approximate to 80 region, three discrete linking transitions to states of normal deformation (ND) were identified in Zr-84. The properties of the abrupt decay out of the SD well in Zr-84 are compared with those in other SD mass regions. Several theoretical calculations suggest that there is extensive mixing of configurations in the SD and ND minima and very little potential barrier between the two wells, leading to a rapid, highly fragmented decay-out process. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Chiara, CJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM cjc@wustl.edu OI Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/027 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500029 ER PT J AU Riley, MA Djongolov, MK Evans, AO Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Paul, ES Pipidis, A Simpson, J Aguilar, AA Appelbe, DE Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Choy, PTW Clark, RM Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Gorgen, A Hagemann, GB Joss, DT Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Laird, RW Lagergren, K Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Moore, EF Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Nolan, PJ Park, HI Riedinger, LL Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Ward, D Ragnarsson, I Saric, F Zhang, JY AF Riley, M. A. Djongolov, M. K. Evans, A. O. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Paul, E. S. Pipidis, A. Simpson, J. Aguilar, A. A. Appelbe, D. E. Bingham, C. R. Campbell, D. B. Carpenter, M. P. Chowdhury, P. Choy, P. T. W. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. Cullen, D. M. Danchev, M. Dracoulis, G. D. Fallon, P. Gorgen, A. Hagemann, G. B. Joss, D. T. Goon, J. Kaye, R. A. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Laird, R. W. Lagergren, K. Lauritsen, T. Macchiavelli, A. O. McClain, B. Moore, E. F. Mukherjee, G. Ngijoi-Yogo, E. Nolan, P. J. Park, H. I. Riedinger, L. L. Sletten, G. Tandel, S. K. Walker, P. M. Ward, D. Ragnarsson, I. Saric, F. Zhang, Jing-ye TI Observation of states beyond band termination in Er-156,Er-157,Er-158 and strongly deformed structures in Hf-173,Hf-174,Hf-175 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID NUCLEI; EXCITATIONS AB High-spin terminating bands in heavy nuclei were first identified in nuclei around Er-158(90). While examples of terminating states have been identified in a number of erbium isotopes, almost nothing is known about the states lying beyond band termination. In the present work, the high-spin structure of Er-156,Er-157,Er-158 has been studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. The subject of triaxial superdeformation and 'wobbling' modes in Lu nuclei has rightly attracted a great deal of attention. Very recently four strongly or superdeformed (SD) sequences have been observed in Hf-174, and cranking calculations using the Ultimate Cranker code predict that such structures may have significant triaxial deformation. We have performed two experiments in an attempt to verify the possible triaxial nature of these bands. A lifetime measurement was performed to confirm the large (and similar) deformation of the bands. In addition, a high-statistics, thin-target experiment took place to search for linking transitions between the SD bands, possible wobbling modes, and new SD band structures. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CCLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Riley, MA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mriley@nucmar.physics.fsu.edu RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Tandel, Sujit/0000-0003-4784-3139; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/028 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500030 ER PT J AU Andreoiu, C Svensson, CE Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Dashdorj, D Finlay, P Freeman, SJ Garrett, PE Gorgen, A Greene, J Grinyer, GF Hyland, B Jenkins, D Johnston-Theasby, F Joshi, P Machiavelli, AO Moore, F Mukherjee, G Phillips, AA Reviol, W Sarantites, DG Schumaker, MA Seweryniak, D Smith, MB Valiente-Dobon, JJ Wadsworth, R AF Andreoiu, C. Svensson, C. E. Austin, R. A. E. Carpenter, M. P. Dashdorj, D. Finlay, P. Freeman, S. J. Garrett, P. E. Gorgen, A. Greene, J. Grinyer, G. F. Hyland, B. Jenkins, D. Johnston-Theasby, F. Joshi, P. Machiavelli, A. O. Moore, F. Mukherjee, G. Phillips, A. A. Reviol, W. Sarantites, D. G. Schumaker, M. A. Seweryniak, D. Smith, M. B. Valiente-Dobon, J. J. Wadsworth, R. TI Lifetime measurements in N=Z Kr-72 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; GAMMASPHERE AB High-spin states in the N = Z nucleus Kr-72 have been populated in the Ca-40(Ca-40, 2 alpha) Kr-72 fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 165MeV and using a thin isotopically enriched 40Ca target. The experiment, performed at Argonne National Laboratory close to Chicago, USA, employed the Gammasphere array for gamma-ray detection coupled to the Microball array for charged particle detection. The previously observed bands in 72Kr were extended to a higher excitation energy of similar to 24MeV and higher angular momentum of 30h. Using the Doppler-shift attenuation method, the lifetimes of high-spin states were measured for the first time in order to investigate deformation changes associated with the g(9/2) proton and neutron alignments in this N = Z nucleus. An excellent agreement with theoretical calculations including only standard t = 1 np pairing was observed. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60436 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CEA Saclay, Daphnia SphN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Andreoiu, C (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM corina@physics.uoguelph.ca RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Smith, Martin/0000-0003-0834-1574; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/029 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500031 ER PT J AU Lee, IY Stephens, FS Deleplanque, MA Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Fallon, P Cromaz, M Clark, RM Descovich, M Diamond, RM Rodriguez-Vieitez, E AF Lee, I. Y. Stephens, F. S. Deleplanque, M. A. Macchiavelli, A. O. Ward, D. Fallon, P. Cromaz, M. Clark, R. M. Descovich, M. Diamond, R. M. Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. TI Order-to-chaos transition in rotational nuclei SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID SYSTEMS; SPECTRA AB We have developed a new method to study the order-to-chaos transition in rotational nuclei. Energy correlations between successive gamma-rays are used to determine the average complexity of the levels and thereby the ratio of the interaction between levels to the level spacing. gamma-Rays from fusion reactions, leading to Yb-168,Yb-169,Yb-170 nuclei, were measured with Gammasphere, and the measured ratios span the range from nearly fully ordered to nearly fully chaotic. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM iylee@lbl.gov OI Rodriguez-Vieitez, Elena/0000-0002-6639-8141 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/033 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500035 ER PT J AU Evans, AO Paul, ES Boston, AJ Chantler, HJ Chiara, CJ Devlin, M Fletcher, AM Fossan, DB LaFosse, DR Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Nolan, PJ Sarantites, DG Sears, JM Semple, AT Smith, JF Starosta, K Vaman, C Ragnarsson, I Afanasjev, AV AF Evans, A. O. Paul, E. S. Boston, A. J. Chantler, H. J. Chiara, C. J. Devlin, M. Fletcher, A. M. Fossan, D. B. LaFosse, D. R. Lane, G. J. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Nolan, P. J. Sarantites, D. G. Sears, J. M. Semple, A. T. Smith, J. F. Starosta, K. Vaman, C. Ragnarsson, I. Afanasjev, A. V. TI Magnetic properties of deformed dipole bands in Te-110,Te-112 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID ROTATION AB A lifetime analysis using the Doppler-shift attenuation method has been performed on the Tellurium isotopes Te-110,Te-112. The experiment was performed using the Gammasphere array in conjunction with the MICROBALL charged-particle detector. Three strongly coupled bands were previously established in Te-110,Te-112 which were observed up to unusually high spins. In the current experiment, it has been possible to extract lifetime measurements using a Doppler broadened lineshape analysis on one of the Delta I = 1 band structures in Te-110. In contrast to similar Delta I = 1 structures in other nuclei in this mass region, the extracted B(M1) values did not rapidly decrease with increasing angular momentum. Instead, the strongly coupled band in Te-110 represents a deformed 1p-1h structure, rather than a weakly deformed structure showing the shears mechanism. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Math Phys, Lund, Sweden. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Latvian Acad Sci, Nucl Res Ctr, Salaspils, Latvia. RP Evans, AO (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM esp@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 192 EP 193 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/046 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500048 ER PT J AU Petrache, CM Neusser-Neffgen, A Hubel, H Al-Khatib, A Bringel, P Burger, A Nenoff, N Schonwasser, G Singh, AK Fantuzi, M Mengoni, D Hagemann, GB Herskind, B Jensen, DR Sletten, G Fallon, P Gorgen, A Bednarczyk, P Curien, D Gangopadhyay, G Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Rao, BVT Reddy, TS Singh, N Ragnarsson, I AF Petrache, C. M. Neusser-Neffgen, A. Huebel, H. Al-Khatib, A. Bringel, P. Buerger, A. Nenoff, N. Schoenwasser, G. Singh, A. K. Fantuzi, M. Mengoni, D. Hagemann, G. B. Herskind, B. Jensen, D. R. Sletten, G. Fallon, P. Gorgen, A. Bednarczyk, P. Curien, D. Gangopadhyay, G. Korichi, A. Lopez-Martens, A. Rao, B. V. T. Reddy, T. S. Singh, Nirmal Ragnarsson, I. TI Triaxiality at high spins in Nd nuclei SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN ID EUROBALL AB The level structure of Nd-140(80) has been established up to spin 48 by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the Zr-96(Ca-48, 4n) reaction. High-fold gamma-ray coincidences were measured with the EUROBALL spectrometer. Twelve new rotational bands have been discovered at high spins, showing the change from a spherical single-particle behaviour at low spins to a deformed regime with stable triaxiality at high spins. Possible configurations are assigned to the observed bands on the basis of configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. C1 Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Kolkata 700009, W Bengal, India. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Andhra Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Waltair 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. RP Petrache, CM (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. EM costel.petrache@unicam.it RI CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012; OI Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390; Gangopadhyay, Gautam/0000-0003-3839-0537; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T125/056 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500058 ER PT J AU Vencelj, M Baktash, C Fallon, P Hausladen, P Likar, A Lipoglavsek, M Yu, CH AF Vencelj, Matjaz Baktash, Cyrus Fallon, Paul Hausladen, Paul Likar, Andrej Lipoglavsek, Matej ] Yu, Chang-Hong TI Core excitation in Cd-98 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Finite Fermionic Systems - Nilsson Model 50 Years CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Lund, SWEDEN AB Using a Ni-58 (Ti-46,alpha 2n) reaction, a total of 24 different residual nuclei were identified. Among them were Cd-98 and Ag-97. The level scheme of 98Cd was extended to J(pi) = (15+). An isomeric state at 6634 keV excitation energy was confirmed. This state decays by a 4207 keV transition feeding the known 8(+) state. The level scheme of 97Ag was also extended to J(pi) = (33)2+) and the half-lives of two isomeric states were measured. Experimental energies of the excited states were compared with the results of ab initio shell-model calculations based on a realistic two-nucleon interaction. The Gammasphere Ge array, coupled with the Microball and the Neutron Shell ancillary particle detectors, was used at the 88 inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Vencelj, M (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM matjaz.vencelj@ijs.si NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL T125 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/t125/061 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061YU UT WOS:000238911500063 ER PT J AU Quek, SY Neaton, JB Hybertsen, MS Kaxiras, E Louie, SG AF Quek, Su Ying Neaton, Jeffrey B. Hybertsen, Mark S. Kaxiras, Efthimios Louie, Steven G. TI First-principles studies of the electronic structure of cyclopentene on Si(001): density functional theory and GW calculations SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Institite-for-the-Theory-of-Advanced-Materials-in-Information-Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Technol Adv Mat Informat Technol ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; BAND-GAPS; SILICON; SURFACE; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS AB The electronic structure and ground-state geometry of cyclopentene monolayers on Si(001) are studied using ab initio pseudopotential density-functional theory (DFT). Quasiparticle excitation spectra are calculated within the GW approximation. Both cis and trans cyclopentene monolayers are considered. In both geometries, a strong electronic coupling between the monolayer and Si substrate is found; substantial inter-molecular interactions are present, as indicated by broadening in molecular levels that are decoupled from the substrate. It is argued that the cis structure is kinetically favored, and we evaluate self-energy corrections to the eigenstates of this configuration near the band edges within the GW approximation. The calculated self-energy corrections are large, exceeding those of bulk Si, and increase the energy gap between occupied and unoccupied frontier adsorbate states by 1.3 eV. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Louie, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA USA. EM sglouie@berkeley.edu RI Quek, Su Ying/I-2934-2014; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 243 IS 9 BP 2048 EP 2053 DI 10.1002/pssb.200666819 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DM UT WOS:000239426100005 ER PT J AU Nunez, M Nardelli, MB AF Nunez, Matias Nardelli, M. Buongiorno TI Tuning the Schottky barrier height in metal-alkaline earth oxide interfaces SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Institite-for-the-Theory-of-Advanced-Materials-in-Information-Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Technol Adv Mat Informat Technol AB Using calculations from first principles we have demonstrated that it is possible to tune the Schottky Barrier Height in a metal-alkaline earth oxide interface by manipulating the microscopic and macroscopic dipoles that naturally form at the junction between the two materials. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nardelli, MB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mbnardelli@ncsu.edu RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 243 IS 9 BP 2081 EP 2084 DI 10.1002/pssb.200666810 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DM UT WOS:000239426100008 ER PT J AU Liang, Y Gan, S Wei, Y Gregory, R AF Liang, Y. Gan, S. Wei, Y. Gregory, R. TI Effect of Sr adsorption on stability of and epitaxial SrTiO3 growth on Si(001) surface SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Institite-for-the-Theory-of-Advanced-Materials-in-Information-Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Technol Adv Mat Informat Technol ID SILICON; OXIDES AB The geometric and electronic structures of the Sr adsorbed Si(001) surface were investigated using photoemission spectroscopy, electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Results showed that the Sr adsorbed Si(001) exhibited several reconstructions depending upon the Sr coverage. Photoemission results revealed that at one half mono-layer of Sr coverage the dimer-derived surface states disappeared and the stability of Si increased accordingly against oxidation at elevated temperatures. Using this Sr covered surface as a template, epitaxial SrTiO3 films were grown on the vicinal Si(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth process is explained in terms of kinetically limited reaction facilitated by a local energy minimum induced by the Sr adsorption at Si(001) surface. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Liang, Y (reprint author), Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM yong.liang@motorola.com NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 243 IS 9 BP 2098 EP 2104 DI 10.1002/pssb.200666807 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DM UT WOS:000239426100011 ER PT J AU Beckman, SP Chrzan, DC AF Beckman, S. P. Chrzan, D. C. TI Structure and energy of the partial dislocation cores in GaAs SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Institute-for-the-Theory-of-Advanced-Materials-in-Information-Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Theory Adv Mat Informat Technol ID 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SILICON; DIAMOND; MOTION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; RECOMBINATION AB A methodology for investigating isolated a and 8 partial dislocations in III-V semiconductors is presented. Using this method the 30 degrees and 90 degrees, a and 8 partial dislocations in GaAs are investigated. The structures of the proposed core reconstructions are investigated. For the 90 degrees partials, two reconstructions have been proposed. The relative energies of the two reconstructions are investigated in addition to the structural investigation. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Beckman, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sbeckman@ices.utexas.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 243 IS 9 BP 2122 EP 2132 DI 10.1002/pssb.200666808 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DM UT WOS:000239426100015 ER PT J AU Dalpian, GM Wei, SH AF Dalpian, G. M. Wei, Su-Huai TI Carrier-mediated stabilization of ferromagnetism in semiconductors: holes and electrons SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Institute-for-the-Theory-of-Advanced-Materials-in-Information-Technology Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Theory Adv Mat Informat Technol ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; III-V; 1ST PRINCIPLES; GAN; SPINTRONICS; MODEL; ORIGINS; ALLOYS; ENERGY AB Band structure models are proposed to help understand carrier-induced ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors. We describe both hole- and electron-mediated ferromagnetism. For hole-mediated ferromagnetism, we show that there are two distinct mechanisms related to the stabilization of ferromagnetism. The difference between them is related to the position of the impurity d levels with respect to the valence band edge. If the impurity states are in the band gap, ferromagnetism can be explained by double exchange, which is related to the direct coupling between the impurity levels, whereas if the filled impurity states are below the VBM, ferromagnetism can be explained by the Zener model, which is related to the coupling between the impurity d levels and the host valence p states. In both cases, it is necessary to have holes, either free or localized, to stabilize the ferromagnetism. Our model successfully explains the ground state magnetic configuration of CdMnTe, GaMnAs, ZnMnO, and GaMnN. An extension of our model can also successfully explain the intriguing behavior of GaMnN. We show that at low Mn concentration, its ground state is FM, although AFM can be stabilized by increasing the Mn concentration, applying pressure, or by compensating the holes. For electron-mediated ferromagnetism, we point out that it is necessary first to increase the exchange splitting of the conduction band. This can be done by reducing the symmetry of the system, by quantum confinement, or by changing the magnetic impurities from transition metals to rare earths. Our results also clarify some issues related to experimental works, such as the negative exchange splitting of the conduction band in GaMnAs quantum wells and the stabilization of ferromagnetism in GaGdN. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Computat Mat, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dalpian, GM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Computat Mat, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gdalpian@ices.utexas.edu; suhuai_wei@nrel.gov RI Dalpian, Gustavo/B-9746-2008 OI Dalpian, Gustavo/0000-0001-5561-354X NR 60 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 243 IS 9 BP 2170 EP 2187 DI 10.1002/pssb.200666809 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DM UT WOS:000239426100020 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Chumak, AA AF Berman, G. P. Chumak, A. A. TI Photon distribution function for long-distance propagation of partially coherent beams through the turbulent atmosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; LASER-COMMUNICATION; GAUSSIAN-BEAM; RANDOM-MEDIA; LIGHT-BEAM; SCINTILLATIONS; WAVES AB The photon density operator function is used to calculate light beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere. A kinetic equation for the photon distribution function is derived and solved using the method of characteristics. Optical wave correlations are described in terms of photon trajectories that depend on fluctuations of the refractive index. It is shown that both linear and quadratic disturbances produce sizable effects for long-distance propagation. The quadratic terms are shown to suppress the correlation of waves with different wave vectors. We examine the intensity fluctuations of partially coherent beams (beams whose initial spatial coherence is partially destroyed). Our calculations show that it is possible to significantly reduce the intensity fluctuations by using a partially coherent beam. The physical mechanism responsible for this pronounced reduction is similar to that of the Hanbury-Braun-Twiss effect. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 013805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.013805 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900115 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Pindzola, MS AF Colgan, J. Pindzola, M. S. TI Double- and triple-differential cross sections for the low-energy electron-impact ionization of hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Double- and triple-differential cross sections are presented for the electron-impact ionization of ground-state hydrogen at incident electron energies of 15.6 and 17.6 eV. The time-dependent close-coupling method is used to calculate the differential ionization cross sections, and comparisons are made with previous theoretical calculations and with experimental measurements. Excellent agreement is obtained between our calculations and previous work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 0 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012713 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900064 ER PT J AU Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L Mokler, PH Stohlker, T Cheng, S AF Dunford, R. W. Kanter, E. P. Krassig, B. Southworth, S. H. Young, L. Mokler, P. H. Stohlker, Th. Cheng, S. TI Two-photon decay in gold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT-FIELD CALCULATION; INNER-SHELL TRANSITIONS; HYDROGENIC ATOMS; XENON ATOMS; X-RAYS; EMISSION; LEVEL AB We have measured the energy differential transition probabilities for the two-photon decay of K vacancies in gold atoms (nuclear charge Z=79). This is the heaviest atom for which this information has been obtained, and so is most sensitive to relativistic effects. The experiment determined the shape of the continuum radiation for the transitions 2s -> 1s, 3s -> 1s, 3d -> 1s, and (4s+4d)-> 1s at an emission pair opening angle theta=pi/2. Our results for 3d -> 1s and (4s+4d)-> 1s extend to energies above and below the region of the intermediate state resonances. No relativistic calculations exist for Au, so we compare with calculations by Mu and Crasemann and Tong for Ag (Z=47) and Xe (Z=54). For equal-energy, back-to-back two-photon decay, the calculations show an increase in transition probability with Z for the 2s -> 1s and 3d -> 1s transitions. In contrast, our data, at Z=79, corrected for the angular distribution, give a smaller transition probability than the lower-Z experimental results of Ilakovac and Mokler for Ag and Xe. The shapes of the two-photon continua in our data are in general agreement with theory except that we find anomalously high values for the differential two-photon transition probability for the 3s -> 1s transition near y=0.35, where y is the fraction of the transition energy carried by the lower-energy photon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst F Atom Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Dunford, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012504 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900043 ER PT J AU Li, CH Budker, D AF Li, C. -H. Budker, D. TI Polarization-dependent photoionization cross sections and radiative lifetimes of atomic states in BaI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BARIUM; CESIUM AB The photoionization cross sections of two even-parity excited states 5d6d D-3(1) and 6s7d D-3(2) of atomic Ba at the ionization-laser wavelength of 556.6 nm were measured. We found that the total cross section depends on the relative polarization of the atoms and the ionization-laser light. With density-matrix algebra, we show that, in general, there are at most three parameters in the photoionization cross section. Some of these parameters are determined in this work. We also present the measurement of the radiative lifetime of five even-parity excited states of barium. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chli@mit.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012512 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900051 ER PT J AU Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Beiersdorfer, P Widmann, K AF Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo Beiersdorfer, P. Widmann, K. TI Lifetime of the 1s2s S-3(1) metastable level in He-like S14+ measured with an electron beam ion trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EUV LINE IDENTIFICATIONS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; RADIATIVE LIFETIME; STORAGE-RING; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; 23S1 STATE; DECAY; TRANSITION; CHLORINE AB A precision measurement of the lifetime of the lowest excited level of the He-like S14+ ion carried out at the Livermore EBIT-II electron beam ion trap yielded a value of (703 +/- 4) ns. Our method extends the range of lifetime measurements accessible with electron beam ion traps into the nanosecond region and improves the accuracy of currently available data for this level by an order of magnitude. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lopez-Urrutia, JRC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012507 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900046 ER PT J AU Lu, M Gharaibeh, MF Alna'washi, G Phaneuf, RA Kilcoyne, ALD Levenson, E Schlachter, AS Muller, A Schippers, S Jacobi, J Scully, SWJ Cisneros, C AF Lu, M. Gharaibeh, M. F. Alna'washi, G. Phaneuf, R. A. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Levenson, E. Schlachter, A. S. Mueller, A. Schippers, S. Jacobi, J. Scully, S. W. J. Cisneros, C. TI Photoionization and electron-impact ionization of Kr5+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE IONIZATION; KRYPTON IONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CHARGED IONS; PLASMAS; GASES; ARGON; ATOMS AB Absolute photoionization cross sections for Kr5+ were measured in the photon energy range 74-175 eV using synchrotron radiation. For comparison, a detailed energy scan of the electron-impact ionization cross section was made in the same energy range and normalized to previously published absolute measurements. The Flexible Atomic Code and Cowan atomic structure code were used to calculate energy levels, excitation energies, and oscillator strengths for 3d -> np, 3d -> nf, and 4s -> np autoionizing transitions from the ground and metastable states. Within the experimental uncertainty, oscillator strengths determined from the photoionization measurements are in agreement with both calculations. Excitation-autoionization and resonant excitation-double-autoionization features are evident in the electron-impact ionization cross section. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. RP Lu, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012703 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900054 ER PT J AU Steck, DA Jacobs, K Mabuchi, H Habib, S Bhattacharya, T AF Steck, Daniel A. Jacobs, Kurt Mabuchi, Hideo Habib, Salman Bhattacharya, Tanmoy TI Feedback cooling of atomic motion in cavity QED SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VALUED STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; SINGLE-ATOM; WAVE-EQUATION; SYSTEMS; STATES; MICROSCOPE; DYNAMICS; PHOTONS; FIELD AB We consider the problem of controlling the motion of an atom trapped in an optical cavity using continuous feedback. In order to realize such a scheme experimentally, one must be able to perform state estimation of the atomic motion in real time. While in theory this estimate may be provided by a stochastic master equation describing the full dynamics of the observed system, integrating this equation in real time is impractical. Here we derive an approximate estimation equation for this purpose, and use it as a drive in a feedback algorithm designed to cool the motion of the atom. We examine the effectiveness of such a procedure using full simulations of the cavity QED system, including the quantized motion of the atom in one dimension. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Griffith Univ, Sch Sci, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hearne Inst Theoret Phys, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 23, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Steck, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 74 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 012322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012322 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900039 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR AF Zhang, J. -Y. Yan, Z. -C. Vrinceanu, D. Babb, J. F. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Long-range interactions for He(nS)-He(n ' S) and He(nS)-He(n ' P) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-ENERGY COEFFICIENTS; IMAGINARY FREQUENCIES; POLARIZABILITIES; QUADRUPOLE; OCTUPOLE; HELIUM; DIPOLE; ATOMS; REAL; HE AB For helium, long-range interaction coefficients C-3, C-6, C-8, C-9, and C-10 for all S-S and S-P pairs of the energetically lowest five states (1 S-1, 2 S-3, 2 S-1, 2 P-3, and 2 P-1) are calculated precisely using correlated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates. Finite nuclear isotope mass effects are included. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014; OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 014704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.014704 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 069DK UT WOS:000239425900135 ER PT J AU Albao, MA Evans, MMR Nogami, J Zorn, D Gordon, MS Evans, JW AF Albao, M. A. Evans, M. M. R. Nogami, J. Zorn, D. Gordon, M. S. Evans, J. W. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Monotonically decreasing size distributions for one-dimensional Ga rows on Si(100)' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID SI(001); GROWTH AB In this Reply, we provide a detailed analysis of experimental data for the nucleation of metal rows or islands during deposition of Ga on Si(100) quantifying the influence of defects. Contrasting the proposal of Kocan [Phys. Rev. B 74, 037401 (2006)], we find that this process is not dominated by heterogeneous nucleation at C defects. We also argue that such heterogeneous nucleation could not in itself be responsible for the unusual monotonically decreasing island size distributions observed in this system. In addition, we offer possible explanations for why behavior observed by Kocan for In deposition on Si(100) appears to differ from that for Ga deposition. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin Eau Claire, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Albao, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Nogami, Jun/0000-0002-4758-0546 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 037402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.037402 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DQ UT WOS:000239426700147 ER PT J AU Barabash, SV Blum, V Muller, S Zunger, A AF Barabash, Sergey V. Blum, Volker Mueller, Stefan Zunger, Alex TI Prediction of unusual stable ordered structures of Au-Pd alloys via a first-principles cluster expansion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LONG-PERIOD SUPERSTRUCTURE; RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; GOLD-PALLADIUM; BINARY-ALLOYS; AB-INITIO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; GROUND-STATE; DIFFRACTION AB We describe an iterative procedure which yields an accurate cluster expansion for Au-Pd using only a limited number of ab initio formation enthalpies. Our procedure addresses two problems: (a) given the local-density-approximation (LDA) formation energies for a fixed set of structures, it finds the pair and many-body cluster interactions best able to predict the formation energies of new structures, and (b) given such pair and many-body interactions, it augments the LDA set of "input structures" by identifying additional structures that carry most information not yet included in the "input." Neither step can be done by intuitive selection. Using methods including genetic algorithm and statistical analysis to iteratively solve these problems, we build a cluster expansion able to predict the formation enthalpy of an arbitrary fcc lattice configuration with precision comparable to that of ab initio calculations themselves. We also study possible competing non-fcc structures of Au-Pd, using the results of a "data mining" study. We then address the unresolved problem of bulk ordering in Au-Pd. Experimentally, the phase diagram of Au-Pd shows only a disordered solid solution. Even though the mixing enthalpy is negative, implying ordering, no ordered bulk phases have been detected. Thin film growth shows L1(2)-ordered structures with composition Au3Pd and AuPd3 and L1(0) structure with composition AuPd. We find that (i) all the ground states of Au-Pd are fcc structures; (ii) the low-T ordered states of bulk Au-Pd are different from those observed experimentally in thin films; specifically, the ordered bulk Au3Pd is stable in D0(23) structure and and AuPd in chalcopyritelike Au2Pd2 (201) superlattice structure, whereas thin films are seen in the L1(2) and L1(0) structures; (iii) AuPd3 L1(2) is stable and does not phase separate, contrary to the suggestions of an earlier investigation; (iv) at compositions around Au3Pd, we find several long-period superstructures (LPS's) to be stable, specifically, the one-dimensional LPS D0(23) at composition Au3Pd and two two-dimensional LPS's at compositions Au13Pd4 and Au11Pd4; (v) Au-Pd has a number of unsuspected ground states, including the structure Au7Pd5 with the lowest formation enthalpy and the (301) "adaptive structures" in the Au-rich composition range, all of which could not be predicted by other theoretical methods. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80201 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. RP Barabash, SV (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80201 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Blum, Volker/J-6591-2012 OI Blum, Volker/0000-0001-8660-7230 NR 84 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 035108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.035108 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DQ UT WOS:000239426700040 ER PT J AU Barbour, A Luttrell, RD Choi, J Musfeldt, JL Zipse, D Dalal, NS Boukhvalov, DW Dobrovitski, VV Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Harmon, BN Kogerler, P AF Barbour, A. Luttrell, R. D. Choi, J. Musfeldt, J. L. Zipse, D. Dalal, N. S. Boukhvalov, D. W. Dobrovitski, V. V. Katsnelson, M. I. Lichtenstein, A. I. Harmon, B. N. Kogerler, P. TI Understanding the gap in polyoxovanadate molecule-based magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID V-15 SPIN SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTERS; MAGNETIZATION; COMPLEX AB We report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the transport gap, optical properties, and electronic structure of two chemically similar, inhomogeneously mixed-valent polyoxovanadate molecule-based magnets. We attribute the substantial gap in [NHEt3](4)[(V8V4As8O40)-V-IV-As-V(H2O)]center dot H2O to weak p-d hybridization and a large on-site Coulomb repulsion (U=6 eV). The reduced gap in [NHEt3](3)[(V6V6As8O40)-V-IV-As-V(HCO2)]center dot 2H(2)O is associated with a smaller value of U (4 eV), at least from a molecular point of view, although the transport properties also reflect subtle organization of the molecular structure and differences between direct and indirect intermolecular charge transfer. A detailed analysis of the vibrational response supports the important role of local molecular distortions and hydrogen bonding in the intramolecular and intermolecular charge transport of [NHEt3](4)[(V8V4As8O40)-V-IV-As-V(H2O)]center dot H2O. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barbour, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; Lichtenstein, Alexander/K-8730-2012 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Lichtenstein, Alexander/0000-0003-0152-7122 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 014411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.014411 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DO UT WOS:000239426400063 ER PT J AU Barre, J Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Barre, J. Bishop, A. R. Lookman, T. Saxena, A. TI Oscillating elastic defects: Competition and frustration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INCLUSION; FIELD AB We consider a dynamical generalization of the Eshelby problem: the strain profile due to an inclusion or "defect" in an isotropic elastic medium. We show that the higher the oscillation frequency of the defect, the more localized is the strain field around the defect. We then demonstrate that the qualitative nature of the interaction between two defects is strongly dependent on their separation, frequency, and direction, changing from a "ferromagnetic"- to an "antiferromagnetic"- like behavior. We generalize to a finite density of defects and show that the interactions in assemblies of defects can be mapped to XY-spin-like models and describe implications for frustration and frequency-driven pattern transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barre, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 024104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.024104 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DP UT WOS:000239426600018 ER PT J AU Beck, KM Henyk, M Wang, CM Trevisanutto, PE Sushko, PV Hess, WP Shluger, AL AF Beck, Kenneth M. Henyk, Matthias Wang, Chongmin Trevisanutto, Paolo E. Sushko, Peter V. Hess, Wayne P. Shluger, Alexander L. TI Site-specific laser modification of MgO nanoclusters: Towards atomic-scale surface structuring SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED DESORPTION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALS; STATES; EXCITATION; ENERGIES; DEFECTS; SPECTRA; DENSITY; FILMS AB Direct neutral metal emission from MgO nanostructures is induced using laser light tuned to excite specific surface sites at energies well below the excitation threshold of the bulk material. We find that near UV excitation of MgO nanocrystalline films and nanocube samples desorbs neutral Mg atoms with hyperthermal kinetic energies in the range of 0.1-0.4 eV. Our ab initio calculations suggest that metal atom emission is induced predominantly by electron trapping at surface three-coordinated Mg sites followed by electronic excitation at these sites. The proposed general mechanism can be used to control atomic-scale modification of insulating surfaces. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Beck, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 045404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.045404 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DR UT WOS:000239426800096 ER PT J AU Beloborodov, IS Fominov, YV Lopatin, AV Vinokur, VM AF Beloborodov, I. S. Fominov, Ya. V. Lopatin, A. V. Vinokur, V. M. TI Insulating state of granular superconductors in a strong-coupling regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED 2-DIMENSIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD; PHASE-TRANSITION; TIN FILMS; TEMPERATURE; ISLAND; ONSET; LIMIT AB We analyze the possibility of the formation of a magnetic-field-induced insulating state in a two-dimensional granular superconductor with relatively strong intergranular coupling and show that such a state appears in a model with spatial variations of the single-grain critical magnetic field. This model describes realistic granular samples with a dispersion in grain sizes and explains the mechanism leading to a giant peak in the magnetoresistance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. RP Beloborodov, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Fominov, Yakov/O-9289-2015 OI Fominov, Yakov/0000-0003-2792-3780 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 014502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.014502 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DO UT WOS:000239426400094 ER PT J AU Benfatto, L Neto, MBS Gozar, A Dennis, BS Blumberg, G Miller, LL Komiya, S Ando, Y AF Benfatto, L. Neto, M. B. Silva Gozar, A. Dennis, B. S. Blumberg, G. Miller, L. L. Komiya, Seiki Ando, Yoichi TI Field dependence of the magnetic spectrum in anisotropic and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antiferromagnets. II. Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SR2CUO2CL2; LA2CUO4; SCATTERING AB We compare the theoretical predictions of the previous paper on the field dependence of the magnetic spectrum in anisotropic two-dimensional and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya layered antiferromagnets [L. Benfatto and M. B. Silva Neto, Phys. Rev. B 74, 024415 (2006)], with Raman spectroscopy experiments in Sr(2)CuO(2)Cl(2) and untwinned La(2)CuO(4) single crystals. We start by discussing the crystal structure and constructing the magnetic point group for the magnetically ordered phase of the two compounds, Sr(2)CuO(2)Cl(2) and La(2)CuO(4). We find that the magnetic point group in the ordered phase is the m_mm_ orthorhombic group, in both cases. Furthermore, we classify all the Raman active one-magnon excitations according to the irreducible co-representations for the associated magnetic point group. We find that the in-plane (or Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya) mode belongs to the DA(g) co-representation while the out-of-plane (XY) mode belongs to the DB(g) co-representation. We then measure and fully characterize the evolution of the one-magnon Raman energies and intensities for low and moderate magnetic fields along the three crystallographic directions. In the case of La(2)CuO(4), a weak-ferromagnetic transition is observed for a magnetic field perpendicular to the CuO(2) layers. We demonstrate that from the jump of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya gap at the critical magnetic field H(c)similar or equal to 6.6 T one can determine the value of the interlayer coupling J(perpendicular to)/J similar or equal to 3.2x10(-5), in good agreement with previous estimates. We furthermore determine the components of the anisotropic gyromagnetic tensor as g(s)(a)=2.0, g(s)(b)=2.08, and the upper bound g(s)(c)=2.65, also in very good agreement with earlier estimates from magnetic susceptibility. For the case of Sr(2)CuO(2)Cl(2), we compare the Raman data obtained in an in-plane magnetic field with previous magnon-gap measurements done by electron spin resonance (ESR). Using the very low magnon gap estimated by ESR (similar to 0.05 meV), the data for the one-magnon Raman energies agree reasonably well with the theoretical predictions for the case of a transverse field (only hardening of the gap). On the other hand, an independent fit of the Raman data provides an estimate for g(s)similar or equal to 1.98 and gives a value for the in-plane gap larger than the one measured by ESR. Finally, because of the absence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Sr(2)CuO(2)Cl(2), no field-induced modes are observed for magnetic fields parallel to the CuO(2) layers in the Raman geometries used, in contrast to the situation in La(2)CuO(4). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, CNR, SMC, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Churchill HS, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Benfatto, L (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, CNR, SMC, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM lara.benfatto@roma1.infn.it; barbosa@phys.uu.nl; agozar@bnl.gov; girsh@bell-labs.com; lancelmiller@gmail.cm; komiya@komae.denken.or.jp; ando@criepi.denken.or.jp RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Benfatto, Lara/M-8632-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Benfatto, Lara/0000-0002-6091-3552 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 024416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.024416 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DP UT WOS:000239426600057 ER PT J AU Bergli, J Galperin, YM Altshuler, BL AF Bergli, J. Galperin, Y. M. Altshuler, B. L. TI Decoherence of a qubit by non-Gaussian noise at an arbitrary working point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The decoherence of a qubit due to a classical non-Gaussian noise with correlation time longer than the decoherence time is discussed for arbitrary working points of the qubit. A method is developed that allows an exact formula for the phase-memory functional in the presence of independent random telegraph noise sources to be derived. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Bergli, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM jbergli@fys.uio.no RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008; Bergli, Joakim/A-1707-2008 OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902; NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 AR 024509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.024509 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DP UT WOS:000239426600081 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Ding, CG Puscasu, I Pralle, M McNeal, M Daly, J Greenwald, A Johnson, E AF Biswas, R. Ding, C. G. Puscasu, I. Pralle, M. McNeal, M. Daly, J. Greenwald, A. Johnson, E. TI Theory of subwavelength hole arrays coupled with photonic crystals for extraordinary thermal emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION AB A subwavelength array of holes in a metal film residing on a silicon photonic crystal exhibits very sharp resonant absorption modes and extraordinary thermal emission. We developed a rigorous electromagnetic theory of subwavelength emitters based on the scattering matrix approach. Simulations exhibit a resonant absorption and emission when the photonic crystal is present, in good agreement with measurements. Diffraction resonances are found within the silicon photonic crystal. These combine with the extraordinary transmission through subwavelength hole arrays to generate resonant absorption in subwavelength arrays of metallodielectric photonic crystals. There is enormous enhancement of fields within the holes for resonant emissive modes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ion Opt Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 045107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.045107 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DR UT WOS:000239426800024 ER PT J AU Cicero, G Grossmann, JC Galli, G AF Cicero, Giancarlo Grossmann, Jeffrey C. Galli, Giulia TI Adhesion of single functional groups to individual carbon nanotubes: Electronic effects probed by ab initio calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ADSORPTION; TRANSISTORS; HYDROGEN; POLYMER AB We investigated the interfacial interaction of simple functional groups (-NH(2), -CN, -CH(3), -CHOCH(2)) with single wall carbon nanotubes, using ab initio calculations. We computed binding energies and attachment forces using the density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation, and we employed Quantum Monte Carlo calculations to test DFT accuracy in describing weak interactions for the controversial case of an oxygen molecule. We find that computed energies and forces are very sensitive to small variations of the electronic charge on the nanotube. In particular, the presence of a solvent (polar or nonpolar), and thus of a small charge transfer from or to the tube, may alter the relative strength of adhesion forces for different functional groups, as compared to the vacuum. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, Turin, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Galli, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 035425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.035425 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DQ UT WOS:000239426700132 ER PT J AU Faleev, SV van Schilfgaarde, M Kotani, T Leonard, F Desjarlais, MP AF Faleev, Sergey V. van Schilfgaarde, Mark Kotani, Takao Leonard, Francois Desjarlais, Michael P. TI Finite-temperature quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS AB We present an ab initio method for electronic structure calculations of materials at finite temperature (FT) based on the all-electron quasiparticle self-consistent GW (QPSCGW) approximation and Keldysh time-loop Green's function approach. We apply the method to Si, Ge, GaAs, InSb, and diamond and show that the band gaps of these materials universally decrease with increasing temperature in contrast with results of the local density approximation (LDA) of density functional theory where the band gaps universally increase. At temperatures of a few eV the difference between quasiparticle energies obtained in FT QPSCGW and FT LDA approaches is significantly reduced. This result suggests that existing simulations of very high-temperature materials based on the FT LDA are more justified than it might appear from the well-known LDA band gap errors at zero temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Faleev, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sfaleev@sandia.gov RI kotani, takao/G-4355-2011 OI kotani, takao/0000-0003-1693-7052 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.033101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DQ UT WOS:000239426700001 ER PT J AU Fan, C Liaw, PK Haas, V Wall, JJ Choo, H Inoue, A Liu, CT AF Fan, Cang Liaw, P. K. Haas, V. Wall, J. J. Choo, H. Inoue, A. Liu, C. T. TI Structures and mechanical behaviors of Zr55Cu35Al10 bulk amorphous alloys at ambient and cryogenic temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; METALLIC-GLASS; NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; RANGE ORDER; SHEAR BANDS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PLASTICITY; COMPOUND; FLOW AB Based on a systematic study of pair distribution functions, carried out at cryogenic and ambient temperatures, on as-cast and crystallized ternary Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys (BAAs), we found that the atoms in BAAs are inhomogenously distributed at a local atomic level. They exist as different clusters with significantly shorter bond lengths than their crystallized counterpart structures-intermetallic compounds, and these structures exist stably in the amorphous state. This results in additional free volume, which is about similar to 7% larger than that measured by the Archimedes method. The compressive strength measured at similar to 77 K was found to be similar to 16% larger than that measured at 298 K. In this study, an amorphous structural model is proposed, in which strongly bonded clusters acting as units are randomly distributed and strongly correlated to one another, as the free volume forms between clusters. Simulations with reverse Monte Carlo were performed by combining icosehadral and cubic structures as the initial structures for the BAA. The simulations show results consistent with our model. An attempt has been made to connect the relationship between amorphous structures and their mechanical properties. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. DaimlerChrysler AG, HPC, D-70327 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Fan, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 AR 014205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.014205 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 069DO UT WOS:000239426400042 ER EF