FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ueno, S Jayaseelan, DD Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, Shunkichi Jayaseelan, D. Doni Ohji, Tatsuki Lin, Hua-Tay TI Recession mechanism of Lu2Si2O7 phase in high speed steam jet environment at high temperatures SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE surface; corrosion; silicate; engine components ID SILICON-NITRIDE; OXIDATION; CERAMICS AB The phase stability and recession mechanism of Lu2Si2O7 were examined in a high speed steam jet environment at 1300 and 1500 degrees C for a 100 h exposure time test. After high temperature steam jet exposure, a porous microstructure was formed on the exposed samples surface. Microstructural analysis indicated that the grain size of the 1500 degrees C sample was slightly larger than that of the 1300 degrees C sample. At 1300 degrees C, Lu2Si2O7 completely decomposed to form a Lu2SiO5. On the other hand, both Lu2SiO5 and Lu2Si2O7 phases were observed in the 1500 degrees C test sample. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM shunkichi.ueno@aist.go.jp NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.05.014 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 081FF UT WOS:000240301900009 ER PT J AU Hrma, P AF Hrma, Pavel TI High-temperature viscosity of commercial glasses SO CERAMICS-SILIKATY LA English DT Article DE viscosity; glass; viscosity model AB Arrhenius models were developed for glass viscosity within the processing temperature range for six types of commercial glasses: low-expansion-borosilicate glasses, E glasses, fiberglass wool, TV panel glasses, container glasses, and float glasses. Both local models (for each of the six glass types) and a global model (for the composition region of commercial glasses, i.e., the six glass hypes taken together) are presented The models are based on viscosity data previously obtained with rotating spindle viscometers within the temperature range between 900 degrees C and 1550 degrees C, the viscosity varied from 1 Pas to 750 Pas. First-order models were applied to relate Arrhenius coefficients to the mass fractions of 15 components: SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, B2O3, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, PbO, ZnO, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O. The R-2 is 0.98 for the global model and ranges from 0. 97 to 0.99 for the six local models. The models are recommended for glasses containing 42 to 84 mass% SiO2 to estimate viscosities or temperatures at a constant viscosity for melts within both the temperature range from 1100 degrees C to 1550 degrees C and viscosity range from 5 to 400 Pas. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pavel.hrma@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, DEPT GLASS CERAMICS PI PRAGUE PA TECHNICKA 5, PRAGUE 166 28, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-5468 J9 CERAM-SILIKATY JI Ceram.-Silik. PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 073DR UT WOS:000239723500001 ER PT B AU Boghosian, B Coveney, P Dong, SC Finn, L Jha, S Karniadakis, G Karonis, N AF Boghosian, Bruce Coveney, Peter Dong, Suchuan Finn, Lucas Jha, Shantenu Karniadakis, George Karonis, Nicholas GP IEEE TI NEKTAR, SPICE and vortonics: Using federated grids for large scale scientific applications. SO CHALLENGES OF LARGE APPLICATIONS IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments (CLADE 2006) CY JUN 19, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE Comp Soc DE distributed supercomputers; federated grids; interoperability; optical lightpaths; MPICH-G2; co-scheduling ID VORTEX CORE IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB In response to a joint call from US's NSF and UK's EPSRC for applications that aim to utilize the combined computational resources of the US and UK, three computational science groups from UCL, Tufts and Brown Universities teamed up with a middleware team from NIU/Argonne to meet the challenge. Although the groups had three distinct codes and aims, the projects had the underlying common feature that they were comprised of large-scale distributed applications which required high-end networking and advanced middleware in order to be effectively deployed. For example, cross-site runs were found to be a very effective strategy to overcome the limitations of a single resource. The seamless federation of a grid-of-grids remains difficult. Even if interoperability at the middleware and software stack levels were to exist, it would not guarantee that the federated grids can be utilized for large scale distributed applications. There are important additional requirements for example, compatible and consistent usage policy, automated advanced reservations and most important of all co-scheduling. This paper outlines the scientific motivation and describes why distributed resources are critical for all three projects. It documents the challenges encountered in using a grid-or-grids and some of the solutions devised in response. C1 [Boghosian, Bruce; Finn, Lucas] Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Coveney, Peter; Jha, Shantenu] UCL, Ctr Comp Sci, London WC1H0AJ, England. [Dong, Suchuan; Karniadakis, George] Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Karonis, Nicholas] No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Karonis, Nicholas] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boghosian, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. OI Dong, Suchuan/0000-0001-6778-0679 FU John Towns (NCSA); Rob Pennington (NCSA); Jose Munoz (NSF); NSF [CA SCI- 0525308, CSA SCI-0438712, OCI-0222983]; EPSRC [EP/D500028/1]; EPSRC RealityGrid [GR/R67699] FX This work has required the active and consistent support of many individuals. For NEKTAR project support from John Towns (NCSA), Rob Pennington (NCSA), and Jose Munoz (NSF) is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Alex Yakhot, Leopold Grinberg and Spencer Sherwin for their assistance in the arterial tree simulations. We thank also Michael Papka and Joeseph Insley from the University of Chicago/Argonne for designing and implementing the visualization for NEKTAR and Vortonics. In particular we would like to thank Matt Harvey, Mary-Ann Thyveetil and Radhika Saksena (UCL), as well as Stephen Pickles, Robin Pinning, Andrew Porter, Robin Haines (Manchester) from the RealityGrid project. Chris Kottke (MIT) is thanked for his extensive support of the Vortonics project. Tim Robinson (Manchester) and Joachim Hein (EPCC) played critical roles in facilitating CSAR (Manchester) and EPCC nodes to be used. Special appreciation is due for Sergiu Sanielevici (PSC) for coordinating many aspects of the cross-site runs and the collaboration. This work has been supported by NSF Grant Numbers CA SCI- 0525308, CSA SCI-0438712, and OCI-0222983 and EPSRC Grant EP/D500028/1 and EPSRC RealityGrid project GR/R67699. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0420-7 PY 2006 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEQ91 UT WOS:000238979900004 ER PT B AU Rutt, B Catalyurek, U Hakobyan, A Metzroth, K Aldemir, T Denning, R Dunagan, S Kunsman, D AF Rutt, Benjamin Catalyurek, Umit Hakobyan, Aram Metzroth, Kyle Aldemir, Tunc Denning, Richard Dunagan, Sean Kunsman, David GP IEEE TI Distributed dynamic event tree generation for reliability and risk assessment SO CHALLENGES OF LARGE APPLICATIONS IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments (CLADE 2006) CY JUN 19, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE Comp Soc DE probabilistic risk assessments; dynamic event-tree; distributed execution; distributed database support ID CONTROL-SYSTEMS; FAULT-TREE; METHODOLOGY; ALGORITHMS; PLANT; TASKS AB Level 2 probabilistic risk assessments of nuclear plants (analysis of radionuclide release from containment) may require hundreds of runs of severe accident analysis codes such as MELCOR or RELAP/SCDAP to analyze possible sequences of events (scenarios) that may follow given initiating events. With the advances in computer architectures and ubiquitous networking, it is now possible to utilize multiple computing and storage resources for such computational experiments. This paper presents a system software infrastructure that will support execution and analysis of multiple dynamic event-tree simulations on distributed environments. The infrastructure will allow for 1) the testing of event tree completeness, and, 2) the assessment and propagation of uncertainty on the plant state in the quantification of event trees. C1 [Rutt, Benjamin; Catalyurek, Umit] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hakobyan, Aram; Metzroth, Kyle; Aldemir, Tunc; Denning, Richard] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dunagan, Sean; Kunsman, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rutt, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 FU Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) FX The research presented in this paper was partially supported by a contract from the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The information and conclusions presented here in are those of the authors and do not necessary represent the views or positions of the SNL. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any employee, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for any third partys use of this information. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0420-7 PY 2006 BP 61 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEQ91 UT WOS:000238979900007 ER PT J AU Lowery, TJ Garcia, S Chavez, L Ruiz, EJ Wu, T Brotin, T Dutasta, JP King, DS Schultz, PG Pines, A Wemmer, DE AF Lowery, TJ Garcia, S Chavez, L Ruiz, EJ Wu, T Brotin, T Dutasta, JP King, DS Schultz, PG Pines, A Wemmer, DE TI Optimization of xenon biosensors for detection of protein interactions SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE avidin-biotin binding; biosensors; imaging agents; NMR spectroscopy; xenon ID LASER-POLARIZED XE-129; CRYPTOPHANE-A; IN-VIVO; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONALIZED XENON; NMR; AVIDIN; RESOLUTION; COMPLEXES AB Hyperpolarized Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy can detect the presence of specific low-concentration biomolecular analytes by means of a xenon biosensor that consists of a water-soluble, targeted cryptophane-A cage that encapsulates the xenon. In this work, we use the prototypical biotinylated xenon biosensor to determine the relationship between the molecular composition of the xenon biosensor and the characteristics of protein-bound resonances. The effects of diastereomer overlap, dipole-dipole coupling, chemical-shift anisotropy, xenon exchange, and biosensor conformotional exchange on the protein-bound biosensor signal were assessed. It was found that an optimal protein-bound biosensor signal can be obtained by minimizing the number of biosensor diastereomers and using a flexible linker of appropriate length. Both the line width and sensitivity of chemical shift to protein binding of the xenon biosensor were found to be inversely proportional to linker length. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5182, Chim Lab, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DEWemmer@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI Chembiochem PD JAN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1002/cbic.200500327 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 003SD UT WOS:000234701000012 PM 16342304 ER PT B AU Johnson, JA Herwig, F Beers, TC Christlieb, N AF Johnson, J. A. Herwig, F. Beers, T. C. Christlieb, N. BE Randich, S Pasquini, L TI Nitrogen in the early universe SO CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES AND MIXING IN STARS IN THE MILKY WAY AND ITS SATELLITES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO-Arcetri Workshop on Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and its Satellites CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Castiglione della Pescaia, ITALY SP ESO ID METAL-POOR STARS; NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; HAMBURG/ESO SURVEY; CARBON STARS; EVOLUTION C1 [Johnson, J. A.] DAO HIA NRC, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Herwig, F.] LANL, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beers, T. C.] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, T. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Christlieb, N.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), DAO HIA NRC, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. EM Jennifer.Johnson@nrc.gc.ca; fherwig@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-34135-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2006 BP 120 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-34136-9_42 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFD86 UT WOS:000241310400042 ER PT B AU Pignatari, M Gallino, R Heger, A Woosley, SE Kappeler, F AF Pignatari, M. Gallino, R. Heger, A. Woosley, S. E. Kaeppeler, F. BE Randich, S Pasquini, L TI The weak sr(p)-process in massive stars SO CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES AND MIXING IN STARS IN THE MILKY WAY AND ITS SATELLITES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO-Arcetri Workshop on Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and its Satellites CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Castiglione della Pescaia, ITALY SP ESO ID NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EXPLOSION; EVOLUTION C1 [Pignatari, M.; Gallino, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Heger, A.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Woosley, S. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kaeppeler, F.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Pignatari, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM pignatar@ph.unito.it; gallino@ph.unito.it OI Pignatari, Marco/0000-0002-9048-6010 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-34135-8 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2006 BP 320 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-34136-9_103 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFD86 UT WOS:000241310400103 ER PT S AU Steele, PT McJimpsey, EL Coffee, KR Fergenson, DP Riot, VJ Tobias, HJ Woods, BW Gard, EE Frank, M AF Steele, Paul T. McJimpsey, Erica L. Coffee, Keith R. Fergenson, David P. Riot, Vincent J. Tobias, Herbert J. Woods, Bruce W. Gard, Eric E. Frank, Matthias BE Gardner, PJ Fountain, AW TI Characterization of ambient aerosols at the San Francisco international airport using BioAerosol mass spectrometry - art. no. 62180A SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VII CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE fluorescence; mass spectrometry; bioaerosols; airport ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; PARTICLES AB The BioAerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) system is a rapidly fieldable, fully autonomous instrument that can perform correlated measurements of multiple orthogonal properties of individual aerosol particles. The BAMS front end uses optical techniques to nondestructively measure a particle's aerodynamic diameter and fluorescence properties. Fluorescence can be excited at 266nm or 355nm and is detected in two broad wavelength bands. Individual particles with appropriate size and fluorescence properties can then be analyzed more thoroughly in a dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Over the course of two deployments to the San Francisco International Airport, more than 6.5 million individual aerosol particles were fully analyzed by the system. Analysis of the resulting data has provided a number of important insights relevant to rapid bioaerosol detection, which are described here. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steele, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6274-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6218 BP A2180 EP A2180 AR 62180A DI 10.1117/12.665155 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES56 UT WOS:000239300700010 ER PT S AU McJimpsey, EL Steele, PT Coffee, KR Fergenson, DP Riot, VJ Woods, BW Gard, EE Frank, M Tobias, HJ Lebrilla, C AF McJimpsey, Erica L. Steele, Paul T. Coffee, Keith R. Fergenson, David P. Riot, Vincent J. Woods, Bruce W. Gard, Eric E. Frank, Matthias Tobias, Herbert J. Lebrilla, Carlito BE Gardner, PJ Fountain, AW TI Detection of biological particles in ambient air using Bio-Aerosol Mass Spectrometry - art. no. 62180B SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VII CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE bioaerosols; fluorescence; mass spectrometry; MALDI ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; BACILLUS-ATROPHAEUS SPORES; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; SENSITIVITY; BIOMARKERS AB The Bio-Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) system is an instrument used for the real time detection and identification of biological aerosols. Particles are drawn from the atmosphere directly into vacuum and tracked as they scatter light from several continuous wave lasers. After tracking, the fluorescence of individual particles is excited by a pulsed 266nm or 355nm laser. Molecules from those particles with appropriate fluorescence properties are subsequently desorbed and ionized using a pulsed 266nm laser. Resulting ions are analyzed in a dual polarity mass spectrometer. During two field deployments at the San Francisco International Airport, millions of ambient particles were analyzed and a small but significant fraction were found to have fluorescent properties similar to Bacillus spores and vegetative cells. Further separation of non-biological background particles from potential biological particles was accomplished using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. This has been shown to enable some level of species differentiation in specific cases, but the creation and observation of higher mass ions is needed to enable a higher level of specificity across more species. A soft ionization technique, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is being investigated for this purpose. MALDI is particularly well suited for mass analysis of biomolecules since it allows for the generation of molecular ions from large mass compounds that would fragment under normal irradiation. Some of the initial results from a modified BAMS system utilizing this technique are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McJimpsey, EL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6274-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6218 BP B2180 EP B2180 AR 62180B DI 10.1117/12.666459 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES56 UT WOS:000239300700011 ER PT S AU Gopalsami, N Bakhtiari, S Elmer, TW Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N. Bakhtiari, S. Elmer, T. W. Raptis, A. C. BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ Gillespie, JB Ewing, KJ TI Remote detection of chemicals with passive millimeter waves SO Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE passive; millimeter wave; rotational spectroscopy; remote sensing; chemical plume AB Passive millimeter-wave (mmW) systems have been used in the past to remotely map solid targets and to measure low-pressure spectral lines of stratospheric and interstellar gases; however, its application to pressure-broadened spectral detection of terrestrial gases is new. A radiative transfer model was developed to determine the detection feasibility and system requirements for passive mmW spectral detection. A Dicke-switched multispectral radiometer that operates at 146-154 GHz was designed and built for remote detection of stack gases. The radiometer was tested in the laboratory using a gas cell; the spectra of acetonitrile were detected passively against a cold background, which mimicked typical remote detection scenarios in the field. With Dicke-switched integration of radiometric signals, on-line calibration, and novel signal processing to minimize atmospheric fluctuation, spectral line detection of polar molecules is possible from chemical plumes a few kilometers away. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Elmer, Thomas/0000-0003-0363-5928 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6476-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6378 BP U300 EP U311 DI 10.1117/12.690212 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR00 UT WOS:000243904500033 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sheen, DM Atkinson, DA AF Sharpe, S. W. Johnson, T. J. Sheen, D. M. Atkinson, D. A. BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ Gillespie, JB Ewing, KJ TI Relative infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) signatures of common explosives SO Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE infrared; IR; FTIR; THz; terahertz; explosives; spectral library; database ID SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has recently recorded the infrared (IR) and far-infrared (FIR, sometimes also called the terahertz, THz) spectral signatures of four common explosives in the condensed phase. The signatures of RDX, PETN, TNT and Tetryl were recorded both in the infrared and the THz domains, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples consisted of thin films and were made by depositing and subsequent evaporation of an acetone-explosive mixture. The complete spectrum spanned the range from 4,000 to 8 cm(-1) at 2.0 cm(-1) spectral resolution. Preliminary results in the infrared agree with those of previous workers, while the THz signatures are one order of magnitude weaker than the strongest IR bands. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6476-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6378 BP U45 EP U49 DI 10.1117/12.686432 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR00 UT WOS:000243904500005 ER PT S AU Valentine, NB Johnson, TJ Su, YF Forrester, JB AF Valentine, Nancy B. Johnson, Timothy J. Su, Yin-Fong Forrester, Joel B. BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ Gillespie, JB Ewing, KJ TI FTIR spectroscopy for bacterial spore identification and classification SO Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE endospores; FTIR; spectroscopy ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CALCIUM DIPICOLINATE; PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; IR SPECTROSCOPY; ACID; DIFFERENTIATION AB The ability to distinguish endospores from each other, from vegetative cells, and from background particles has been demonstrated by PNNL and several other laboratories using various analytical techniques such as MALDI and SIMS. Recent studies at PNNL using Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with statistical analysis have shown the ability to characterize and discriminate bacterial spores and vegetative bacteria from each other, as well as from background interferents. In some cases it is even possible to determine the taxonomical identity of the species using FTIR. This effort has now grown to include multiple species of bacterial endospores, vegetative cells, and background materials. The present work reports on advances in being able to use FTIR, or IR in combination with other techniques, for rapid and reliable discrimination. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Valentine, NB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6476-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6378 BP U148 EP U157 DI 10.1117/12.686232 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR00 UT WOS:000243904500016 ER PT J AU Shukla, P Minogue, EM McCleskey, TM Jia, QX Lin, Y Lu, P Burrell, AK AF Shukla, P Minogue, EM McCleskey, TM Jia, QX Lin, Y Lu, P Burrell, AK TI Conformal coating of nanoscale features of microporous Anodisc (TM) membranes with zirconium and titanium oxides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; GEL TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; THIN-FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; OXIDATION AB We have successfully coated a nanofeatured material with ZrO2 and TiO2 using a polymer assisted deposition technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Burrell, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM burrell@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 8 BP 847 EP 849 DI 10.1039/b513410b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 021MZ UT WOS:000235988600008 PM 16479287 ER PT J AU Edder, C Armstrong, PB Prado, KB Frechet, JMJ AF Edder, C Armstrong, PB Prado, KB Frechet, JMJ TI Benzothiadiazole- and pyrrole-based polymers bearing thermally cleavable solubilizing groups as precursors for low bandgap polymers SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; PENTACENE PRECURSOR; EMITTING-DIODES; P-PHENYLENE; SOLAR-CELLS; DEVICES; PERFORMANCE AB We report the design, synthesis and characterization of new benzothiadiazole- and pyrrole-based copolymers whose solubility and bandgap drastically change after thermal treatment of their thin films. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 18 BP 1965 EP 1967 DI 10.1039/b601296p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039FL UT WOS:000237291300018 PM 16767251 ER PT J AU Fan, HY Gabaldon, J Brinker, CJ Jiang, YB AF Fan, Hongyou Gabaldon, John Brinker, C. Jeffrey Jiang, Ying-Bing TI Ordered nanocrystal/silica particles self-assembled from nanocrystal micelles and silicate SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SBA-1 MESOPOROUS SILICA; IN-SITU FORMATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; SURFACTANT; SUPERLATTICES; ARRAYS; CDSE; EVOLUTION; FILMS AB Ordered gold nanocrystal/ silica particles were synthesized through self-assembly of nanocrystal micelles and silicate. Depending on the use of surfactants, and the kinetic conditions of silica hydrolysis and condensation, well-shaped and irregularly-shaped silica particles were formed, inside which the nanocrystals self-organized in a face-centered cubic mesostructure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF Ctr Microengn Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM hfan@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 22 BP 2323 EP 2325 DI 10.1039/b600923a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 048MT UT WOS:000237951900003 PM 16733567 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Bond, AD Leonard, PW Lorenz, UJ Timofeeva, TV Vollhardt, KPC Glenn, DW Yakovenko, AA AF Yu, Yong Bond, Andrew D. Leonard, Philip W. Lorenz, Ulrich J. Timofeeva, Tatiana V. Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Glenn, D. Whitener Yakovenko, Andrey A. TI Hexaferrocenylbenzene SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FERROCENE; SUBSTITUENTS; REACTIVITY; DENDRIMERS; CHEMISTRY AB Hexaferrocenylbenzene has been synthesized by six-fold Negishi type ferrocenylation of hexabromo- or hexaiodobenzene. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@berkeley.edu RI Lorenz, Ulrich/A-9524-2017 OI Lorenz, Ulrich/0000-0002-8869-5999 NR 32 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 24 BP 2572 EP 2574 DI 10.1039/b604844g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 053HJ UT WOS:000238295900013 PM 16779481 ER PT J AU Cao, HS Chen, BW Squier, TC Mayer, MU AF Cao, Haishi Chen, Baowei Squier, Thomas C. Mayer, M. Uljana TI CrAsH: a biarsenical multi-use affinity probe with low non-specific fluorescence SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; PROTEIN; CHEMISTRY; FLASH AB CrAsH is a tetracysteine-binding probe which has improved properties in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and pH dependence of fluorescence compared to the parent compound. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mayer, MU (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 999 Battelle Blvd,MS P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Uljana.Mayer@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 24 BP 2601 EP 2603 DI 10.1039/b602699k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 053HJ UT WOS:000238295900023 PM 16779491 ER PT J AU Baker, SN Brauns, EB McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Baker, GA AF Baker, Sheila N. Brauns, Eric B. McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Baker, Gary A. TI Fluorescence quenching immunoassay performed in an ionic liquid SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; AFFINITY; BINDING; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; BIOCATALYSIS; RESOLUTION; MEDIA; WATER AB We describe the first example of immunoanalysis performed within an ionic liquid with minimal deleterious effect; our results bode well for the development of second-generation biosensors, particularly in applications involving poorly water soluble analytes including pesticides, phospholipids, and illicit drugs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bakerga1@ornl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 27 BP 2851 EP 2853 DI 10.1039/b606473f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 066SU UT WOS:000239251200004 PM 17007394 ER PT J AU Niu, ZW Bruckman, M Kotakadi, VS He, JB Emrick, T Russell, TP Yang, L Wang, Q AF Niu, Zhongwei Bruckman, Michael Kotakadi, Venkata S. He, Jinbo Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas P. Yang, Lin Wang, Qian TI Study and characterization of tobacco mosaic virus head-to-tail assembly assisted by aniline polymerization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS; CARBON NANOTUBES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOWIRES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPLATES; PARTICLES; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB One-dimensional composite nanofibres with narrow dispersity, high aspect ratio and high processibility have been fabricated by head-to-tail self-assembly of rod-like tobacco mosaic virus assisted by aniline polymerization, which can promote many potential applications including electronics, optics, sensing and biomedical engineering. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM wang@mail.chem.sc.edu RI He, Jinbo/B-1445-2010; niu, zhongwei/C-7671-2011; Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013; OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194; Wang, Qian/0000-0002-2149-384X NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 28 BP 3019 EP 3021 DI 10.1039/b603780a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 063AL UT WOS:000238988100024 PM 16832523 ER PT J AU Gao, HX Wang, RH Twamley, B Hiskey, MA Shreeve, JM AF Gao, Haixiang Wang, Ruihu Twamley, Brendan Hiskey, Michael A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 3-amino-6-nitroamino-tetrazine (ANAT)-based energetic salts SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS; NITROGEN; HETEROCYCLES; TETRAZINES; TABA; NTO AB The synthesis and properties of several new high-nitrogen materials with 3-amino-6-nitroamino-tetrazine (ANAT) as the anion are reported; all salts were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Wang, Ruihu/B-3399-2012 NR 41 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 38 BP 4007 EP 4009 DI 10.1039/b608214a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 087XD UT WOS:000240775200014 PM 17003881 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Maxey, ER Richardson, JW AF Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Maxey, Evan R. Richardson, James W. TI Direct observation of adsorbed H-2-framework interactions in the Prussian Blue analogue Mn-3(II)[Co-III(CN)(6)](2): The relative importance of accessible coordination sites and van der Waals interactions SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ADSORPTION; ZN; NI; CO AB Selective recovery of the guest-framework interactions for H-2 adsorbed in a nanoporous Prussian Blue analogue, through differential X-ray and neutron pair distribution function analysis at ca. 77 K, suggests that the H-2 molecule is disordered about a single position at the centre of the pore, (1/4, 1/4, 1/4), without binding at accessible Mn-II sites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chapman, KW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chapmank@aps.anl.gov; chupas@aps.anl.gov; emaxey@anl.gov; jwrichardson@anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 38 BP 4013 EP 4015 DI 10.1039/b607250j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 087XD UT WOS:000240775200016 PM 17003883 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Mulfort, KL O'Donnell, JL Zuo, XB Goshe, AJ Wesson, PJ Nguyen, ST Hupp, JT Tiede, DM AF Lee, Suk Joong Mulfort, Karen L. O'Donnell, Jodi L. Zuo, Xiaobing Goshe, Andrew J. Wesson, Paul J. Nguyen, SonBinh T. Hupp, Joseph T. Tiede, David M. TI Supramolecular porphyrinic prisms: coordinative assembly and solution phase X-ray structural characterization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SQUARE; SPECTROSCOPY; LADDERS; SYSTEMS; ARRAYS AB Supramolecular porphyrin prisms have been obtained via coordinative self-assembly and characterized by H-1 NMR, PFG NMR, electronic absorption spectroscopy and synchrotron-based measurements of solution phase X-ray scattering and diffraction. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hupp, JT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM j-hupp@northwestern.edu RI Wesson, Paul/A-5714-2009; Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012; Nguyen, SonBinh/C-1682-2014 OI Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812; Nguyen, SonBinh/0000-0002-6977-3445 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 44 BP 4581 EP 4583 DI 10.1039/b610025b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 102BT UT WOS:000241786500004 PM 17082849 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Conner, MM Schlueter, JA Lancaster, T Blundell, SJ Brooks, ML Pratt, FL Papageorgiou, T Bianchi, AD Wosnitza, J Whangbo, MH AF Manson, Jamie L. Conner, Marianne M. Schlueter, John A. Lancaster, Tom Blundell, Stephen J. Brooks, Michael L. Pratt, Francis L. Papageorgiou, Thomas Bianchi, Andreas D. Wosnitza, Jochen Whangbo, Myung-Hwan TI [Cu(HF2)(pyz)(2)]BF4 (pyz=pyrazine): long-range magnetic ordering in a pseudo-cubic coordination polymer comprised of bridging HF2- and pyrazine ligands SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; BIFLUORIDE; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMPLEXES; HEAT AB [Cu(HF2)(pyz)(2)]BF4 consists of rare mu(1,3) bridging HF2- anions and mu-pyrazine ligands leading to a 3D pseudo-cubic framework that antiferromagnetically orders below 1.54(1) K. C1 Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Hochfeld Magnetlab Dresden, HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu RI Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2006 IS 47 BP 4894 EP 4896 DI 10.1039/b608791d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 110MG UT WOS:000242382400002 PM 17136238 ER PT J AU Gidh, AV Decker, SR Vinzant, TB Himmel, ME Williford, CW AF Gidh, Aarti V. Decker, Stephen R. Vinzant, Todd B. Himmel, Michael E. Williford, Clint W. TI Fungal-induced redistribution of kraft lignin molecular weight by multi-angle laser light scattering SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; depolymerization; fungi; light-scattering; lignin; ligninase ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; MODEL COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; BASIDIOMYCETE; TERMITES AB Culture broths from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes cingulata, combined with co-factors such as hydrogen peroxide, dithiothreitol, copper, iron, and manganese ions were examined for the ability to modify lignin structure. High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection was used to determine the effect of several white rot fungi, pH values, enzymes, and co-factors on the molecular weight distribution of treated kraft lignin. The analytical procedure tracked changes in molecular weight distribution, radius of gyration, and hydrodynamic radius. Results showed changes in the molecular weight distribution of lignin components when treated with combinations of factors. The induced cultures showed more lignin depolymerization for the specific lignin samples in which they were initially grown. The distribution in the radius of gyration became narrower with time, indicating that molecular conformation changed to a more uniform molecular shape. H2O2 and DTT showed the most significant changes in lignin molecular weight distribution. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Gidh, AV (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, 134 Anderson Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. EM agidh@olemiss.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2006 VL 193 IS 12 BP 1546 EP 1561 DI 10.1080/00986440600584326 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 075XP UT WOS:000239921000004 ER PT J AU Ibsen, K AF Ibsen, K TI Match the effort to the R&D investment SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Integrat & Anal Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ibsen, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Integrat & Anal Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kelly_ibsen@nrel.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 002QV UT WOS:000234627200014 ER PT J AU Miller, GJ AF Miller, Gordon J. TI Complex rare-earth tetrelides, RE5(SixGe1-x)(4): New materials for magnetic refrigeration and a superb playground for solid state chemistry SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NANOSCALE ZIPPERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYSTEM; TRANSITION; GE; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); GD-5(SI2GE2) AB A ``giant magnetocaloric effect'' discovered in 1997 for Gd5Si2Ge2 near room temperature has triggered optimism that environmentally-friendly, solid-state magnetic refrigeration may be viable to replace gas-compression technology in the near future. Gd5Si2Ge2 is one member of an extensive series of rare-earth compounds, RE5( SixGe1-x)(4). Due to the complexity of their structures and flexibility associated with chemical compositions, this series is an attractive ``playground'' to study the interrelationships among composition, structure, physical properties and chemical bonding. This tutorial review, which is directed toward students and researchers interested in structure-property relationships in solids, summarizes recent efforts concerning the synthesis, structure, physical properties, chemical bonding and chemical modifications of RE5( SixGe1-x)(4). A brief history of refrigerants, to present certain motivating factors for this research effort, as well as a brief overview of the magnetocaloric effect serves to introduce this review. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 47 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2006 VL 35 IS 9 BP 799 EP 813 DI 10.1039/b208133b PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 078DW UT WOS:000240082900005 PM 16936928 ER PT J AU Yoshikuni, Y Martin, VJJ Ferrin, TE Keasling, JD AF Yoshikuni, Y Martin, VJJ Ferrin, TE Keasling, JD TI Engineering cotton (+)-delta-cadinene synthase to an altered function: Germacrene D-4-ol synthase SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; GAMMA-HUMULENE SYNTHASE; DELTA-SELINENE SYNTHASE; ARISTOLOCHENE SYNTHASE; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; ACTIVE-SITE; IN-VIVO; 5-EPI-ARISTOLOCHENE SYNTHASE; SESQUITERPENE SYNTHASES; PENTALENENE SYNTHASE AB The combined approaches of rational design and random mutagenesis were applied to generate a sesquiterpene synthase with an altered activity. Due to the lack of a convenient screen for sesquiterpene synthase activity, a high-throughput dual-activity screen was used by fusing (+)-delta-cadinene synthase to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The gene encoding (+)-delta-cadinene synthase was mutagenized using error-prone PCR. The resulting mutant fusion proteins were screened for CAT activity and altered sesquiterpene selectivity. Twenty-one clones producing (+)-delta-cadinene and germacrene D-4-ol in different ratios were isolated from the library. Analysis using a homology model of (+)-delta-cadinene synthase suggested that the G helix plays a very important role in (+)-delta-cadinene formation. Reconstruction of the G helix using site-directed, saturation mutagenesis yielded a mutant, N403P/L405H, that maintained its specific activity and showed higher selectivity to germacrene D-4-ol in vivo (up to 93%). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF UCB, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Synthet Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem & Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF UCB, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Ferrin, Thomas/0000-0001-6227-0637 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.10.016 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 009DH UT WOS:000235090900013 PM 16426975 ER PT J AU Steinle, H Bhat, NP Briggs, MS Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, GJ Greiner, J Kippen, RM von Kienlin, A Kouveliotou, C Lichti, GG Meegan, CA Paciesas, WS Preece, RD Wilson, RB AF Steinle, Helmut Bhat, N. P. Briggs, M. S. Connaughton, V. Diehl, R. Fishman, G. J. Greiner, J. Kippen, R. M. von Kienlin, A. Kouveliotou, C. Lichti, G. G. Meegan, C. A. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. Wilson, R. B. TI Measurements of Gamma-Ray Bursts with GLAST SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Carotenoid Symposium CY JUL 20-25, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE instrumentation : detectors; gamma-rays : bursts ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; ERROR BOX; SUPERNOVA; DISCOVERY; MISSION; MODELS AB The next large NASA mission in the field of gamma-ray astronomy is the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), which is scheduled for a launch end of 2007. This satellite consists of the main instrument LAT (Large-Area Telescope) which is sensitive in the energy range between 10 MeV and > 300 GeV, and a secondary instrument, the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), sensitive from 10 keV to 30 MeV. This omnidirectional monitor is an important instrument for gamma-ray burst (GRB) science with GLAST, as it provides the link between the majority of the gamma-ray busts emitting at lower energies and the high-energy events of gamma-ray bursts and other transients. It will also serve as a trigger to increase the detection rate of gamma-ray burst with the LAT. The GBM will provide real-time burst locations over a wide field-of-view (FoV) with sufficient accuracy to repoint the whole GLAST spacecraft. Time-resolved spectra of bursts recorded with LAT and the burst monitor will allow the investigation of the relation between the keV and the MeV-GeV emission from GRBs over seven decades in energy and will provide new insights into the physics of GRBs in general. In addition, the excellent localization of GRBs by the LAT will stimulate follow-up observations at other wavelengths which may yield clues about the nature of the burst sources. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Steinle, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. EM hcs@mpe.mpg.de NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2006 VL 6 SU 1 SI SI BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/6/S1/48 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138VX UT WOS:000244392500066 ER PT J AU Bloser, PF Ryan, JM McConnell, ML Macri, JR Bravar, U Kanbach, G Andritschke, R Ajello, M Zoglauer, A Hunter, SD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Hartmann, DH Miller, RS Paciesas, WS Zych, AD Kippen, RM Vestrand, T Cherry, ML Guzik, TG Stacy, JG Wefel, JP Reglero, V Di Cocco, G Cravens, JP AF Bloser, P. F. Ryan, J. M. McConnell, M. L. Macri, J. R. Bravar, U. Kanbach, G. Andritschke, R. Ajello, M. Zoglauer, A. Hunter, S. D. Phlips, B. F. Wulf, E. A. Hartmann, D. H. Miller, R. S. Paciesas, W. S. Zych, A. D. Kippen, R. M. Vestrand, T. Cherry, M. L. Guzik, T. G. Stacy, J. G. Wefel, J. P. Reglero, V. Di Cocco, G. Cravens, J. P. TI The MEGA project for Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Carotenoid Symposium CY JUL 20-25, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE gamma-rays : observations; instrumentation : detectors; instrumentation : polarimeters; space vehicles : instruments ID TELESCOPE; CALIBRATION; PROTOTYPE AB The Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (MEGA) telescope concept will soon be proposed as a MIDEX mission. This mission would enable a sensitive all-sky survey of the medium-energy gamma-ray sky (0.4-50 MeV) and bridge the huge sensitivity gap between the COMPTEL and OSSE experiments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the visionary Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) mission. The scientific goals include compiling a much larger catalog of sources in this energy range, performing far deeper searches for supernovae, better measuring the galactic continuum and line emissions, and identifying the components of the cosmic diffuse gamma-ray emission. MEGA records and images gamma rays by completely tracking Compton and pair creation events in a stack of double-sided Si strip detectors surrounded by a pixellated CsI calorimeter. A prototype instrument has been developed and calibrated in the laboratory and at a gamma-ray beam facility. We present calibration results from the prototype and describe the proposed satellite mission. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Valencia, Grp Astron & Ciencias Espacio, Valencia, Spain. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Bologna, Italy. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bloser, PF (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Peter.Bloser@unh.edu RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2006 VL 6 SU 1 SI SI BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/6/S1/53 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138VX UT WOS:000244392500073 ER PT S AU Doskey, PV AF Doskey, Paul V. BE Nollet, LML TI Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere SO CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENT, THIRD EDITION SE Chromatographic Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION; WESTERN PACIFIC BASIN; URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; PARTS-PER-BILLION; SPEED GC ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR; TRACE GASES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doskey, PV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 167 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0069-3936 BN 978-0-8247-2629-4 J9 CHROMATOGR SCI SER PY 2006 VL 93 BP 617 EP 644 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJN63 UT WOS:000266869500016 ER PT S AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA AF Gaffney, Jeffrey S. Marley, Nancy A. BE Nollet, LML TI Peroxyacyl Nitrates, Organic Nitrates, and Organic Peroxides (AIR) SO CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENT, THIRD EDITION SE Chromatographic Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTH ATLANTIC AIR; ALKYL NITRATES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRACE COMPOUNDS; LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE; AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE; HPLC DETERMINATION C1 [Gaffney, Jeffrey S.; Marley, Nancy A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0069-3936 BN 978-0-8247-2629-4 J9 CHROMATOGR SCI SER PY 2006 VL 93 BP 711 EP 741 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJN63 UT WOS:000266869500019 ER PT J AU Litynski, JT Klara, SM McIlvried, HG Srivastava, RD AF Litynski, JT Klara, SM McIlvried, HG Srivastava, RD TI An overview of terrestrial sequestration of carbon dioxide: The United States Department of Energy's fossil energy R&D program SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGY; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL SOIL CARBON; LAND AB Increasing concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) in the Earth's atmosphere have the potential to enhance the natural greenhouse effect, which may result in climatic changes. The main anthropogenic contributors to this increase are fossil fuel combustion, land use conversion, and soil cultivation. It is clear that overcoming the challenge of global climate change will require a combination of approaches, including increased energy efficiency, energy conservation, alternative energy sources, and carbon (C) capture and sequestration. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring the development of new technologies that can provide energy and promote economic prosperity while reducing GHG emissions. One option that can contribute to achieving this goal is the capture and sequestration of CO2 in geologic formations. An alternative approach is C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystsems through natural processes. Enhancing such natural pools (known as natural sequestration) can make a significant contribution to CO2 management strategies with the potential to sequester about 290 Tg C/y in U.S. soils. In addition to soils, there is also a large potential for C sequestration in above and belowground biomass in forest ecosystems. A major area of interest to DOE's fossil energy program is reclaimed mined lands, of which there may be 0.63 x10(6)supercript stop ha in the U.S. These areas are essentially devoid of soil C; therefore, they provide an excellent opportunity to sequester C in both soils and vegetation. Measurement of C in these ecosystems requires the development of new technology and protocols that are accurate and economically viable. Field demonstrations are needed to accurately determine C sequestration potential and to demonstrate the ecological and aesthetic benefits in improved soil and water quality, increased biodiversity, and restored ecosystems. The DOE's research program in natural sequestration highlights fundamental and applied studies, such as the development of measurement, monitoring, and verification technologies and protocols and field tests aimed at developing techniques for maximizing the productivity of hitherto infertile soils and degraded ecosystems. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Litynski, JT (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM John.Litynski@netl.doe.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-6960-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 044BG UT WOS:000237646500005 ER PT J AU Khan, IH Mendoza, S Yee, J Deane, M Venkateswaran, K Zhou, SS Barry, PA Lerche, NW Luciw, PA AF Khan, IH Mendoza, S Yee, J Deane, M Venkateswaran, K Zhou, SS Barry, PA Lerche, NW Luciw, PA TI Simultaneous detection of antibodies to six nonhuman-primate viruses by multiplex microbead immunoassay SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ASSAY; SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATION; CYTOKINES AB To maintain healthy nonhuman primates for use in biomedical research, animals are routinely screened for several infectious agents at most facilities. Commonly, monkey serum samples are tested by conventional immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or Western blotting, for antibodies to specific infectious agents. For testing for antibodies against multiple agents in each sample, conventional immunoassays are laborious and time-consuming. More efficient immunoassays are needed. Accordingly, we have developed a novel multiplex serodiagnostic system based on individually identifiable, fluorescent microbead sets, where each bead set is coated with antigens from a purified preparation of a specific virus. The coated bead sets are mixed to enable the detection of antibodies to multiple viruses in one serum or plasma sample. These viruses include four agents that are routinely tested for maintenance of specific-pathogen-free monkeys, namely, simian immunodeficiency virus, simian type D retrovirus, simian T-cell lymphotropic virus, and herpes B virus, as well as simian foamy virus and rhesus cytomegalovirus, both of which are commonly found in nonhuman primates. This multiplex microbead immunoassay (MMIA) enabled the simultaneous detection of antibodies to all six viruses in single serum samples as small as I microliter. The results obtained by MMIA analysis correlated with results of conventional ELISAs, which detect antibodies to single agents. Thus, this multiplex microbead detection system is an efficient diagnostic modality for serosurveillance of nonhuman primates. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Khan, IH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Ctr Comparat Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ihkhan@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000169, RR00169, RR018144, U24 RR018144] NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.1.45-52.2006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 012VP UT WOS:000235369300005 PM 16425999 ER PT J AU De Stasio, G Rajesh, D Ford, JM Daniels, M Erhardt, R Frazer, BH Tyliszczak, T Gilles, MK Conhaim, RL Howard, SP Fowler, JF Esteve, F Mehta, MP AF De Stasio, G Rajesh, D Ford, JM Daniels, M Erhardt, R Frazer, BH Tyliszczak, T Gilles, MK Conhaim, RL Howard, SP Fowler, JF Esteve, F Mehta, MP TI Motexafin-gadolinium taken up in vitro by at least 90% of glioblastoma cell nuclei SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS; BRAIN METASTASES; RADIATION; THERAPY; AGENTS; RADIOTHERAPY; TEXAPHYRINS; ENERGY; TRIAL AB Purpose: We present preclinical data showing the in vitro intranuclear uptake of motexafin gadolinium by glioblastoma multiforme cells, which could serve as a prelude to the future development of radiosensitizing techniques, such as gadolinium synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (GdSSR), a new putative treatment for glioblastoma multiforme. Experimental Design: In this approach, administration of a tumor-seeking Gd-containing compound would be followed by stereotactic external beam radiotherapy with 51-keV photons from a synchrotron source. At least two criteria must be satisfied before this therapy can be established: Gd must accumulate in cancer cells and spare the normal tissue; Gd must be present in almost all the cancer cell nuclei. We address the in vitro intranuclear uptake of motexafin gadolinium in this article. We analyzed the Gd distribution with subcellular resolution in four human glioblastoma cell lines, using three independent methods: two novel synchrotron spectromicroscopic techniques and one confocal microscopy. We present in vitro evidence that the majority of the cell nuclei take up motexafin gadolinium, a drug that is known to selectively reach glioblastoma multiforme. Results: With all three methods, we found Gd in at least 90% of the cell nuclei. The results are highly reproducible across different cell lines. The present data provide evidence for further studies, with the goal of developing GdSSR, a process that will require further in vivo animal and future clinical studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Oncol, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Radiat Oncol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. CHU Grenoble, INSERM, U647, Rayonnement Synchrotron & Rech Med European Synch, F-38043 Grenoble, France. CHU Grenoble, Unite Imagerie Resonance Magnet, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP De Stasio, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 3731 Schneider Dr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. EM pupa@src.wisc.edu RI Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010; OI Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099; mehta, minesh/0000-0002-4812-5713 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0743 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 001AG UT WOS:000234503700030 PM 16397044 ER PT J AU Stephen, JM Ranken, D Best, E Adair, J Knoefel, J Kovacevic, S Padilla, D Hart, B Aine, CJ AF Stephen, JM Ranken, D Best, E Adair, J Knoefel, J Kovacevic, S Padilla, D Hart, B Aine, CJ TI Aging changes and gender differences in response to median nerve stimulation measured with MEG SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetoencephalography; somatosensory; median nerve; aging; gender; source modeling ID SOMATOSENSORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES; SCALP TOPOGRAPHY; CONDUCTION TIME; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; FINGER STIMULATION; CORTICAL SOURCES; STIMULUS SIDE; COMPONENTS; CORTEX AB Objective: The current study uses magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterize age-related changes and gender differences in the amplitudes and timing of cortical sources evoked by median nerve stimulation. Methods: Thirty-four healthy subjects from two age groups: 20-29 and > 64 years of age were examined. After measuring the MEG responses, we modeled the data using a spatio-temporal multi-dipole modeling approach to determine the source locations and their associated timecourses. Results: We found early, large amplitude responses in the elderly in primary somatosensory (similar to 20 ms) and pre-central sulcus timecourses (similar to 22 ms) and lower amplitude responses in the elderly later in primary somatosensory (similar to 32 ms) and contralateral secondary somatosensory timecourses (similar to 90 ms). In addition, females had larger peak amplitude responses than males in the contralateral secondary somatosensory timecourse (similar to 28 and 51 ms). Conclusions: These results show that the median nerve stimulation paradigm provides considerable sensitivity to age- and gender-related differences. The results are consistent with the theory that increased amplitudes identified in the elderly may be associated with decreased inhibition. Significance: The results emphasize that an examination of two discrete age groups, collapsed across gender, cannot provide a complete understanding of the fundamental changes that occur in the brain across the lifetime. (c) 2005 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Neurol Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Res Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Stephen, JM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, MSC10 5530,1 SOM, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jstephen@unm.edu OI Stephen, Julia/0000-0003-2486-747X FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG020302, R01 AG020302-01] NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.09.003 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 011FY UT WOS:000235254700015 PM 16316782 ER PT J AU Vilayannur, M Sivasubramaniam, A Kandemir, M Thakur, R Ross, R AF Vilayannur, Murali Sivasubramaniam, Anand Kandemir, Mahmut Thakur, Rajeev Ross, Robert TI Discretionary caching for I/O on clusters SO CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE I/O; clusters; file systems; compiler optimizations; caching AB I/O bottlenecks are already a problem in many large-scale applications that manipulate huge datasets. This problem is expected to get worse as applications get larger, and the I/O subsystem performance lags behind processor and memory speed improvements. At the same time, off-the-shelf clusters of workstations are becoming a popular platform for demanding applications due to their cost-effectiveness and widespread deployment. Caching I/O blocks is one effective way of alleviating disk latencies, and there can be multiple levels of caching on a cluster of workstations. Previous studies have shown the benefits of caching-whether it be local to a particular node, or a shared global cache across the cluster for certain applications. However, we show that while caching is useful in some situations, it can hurt performance if we are not careful about what to cache and when to bypass the cache. This paper presents compilation techniques and runtime support to address this problem. These techniques are implemented and evaluated on an experimental Linux/Pentium cluster running a parallel file system. Our results using a diverse set of applications (scientific and commercial) demonstrate the benefits of a discretionary approach to caching for I/O subsystems on clusters, providing as much as 48% savings in overall execution time over indiscriminately caching everything in some applications. C1 [Vilayannur, Murali; Sivasubramaniam, Anand; Kandemir, Mahmut] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vilayannur, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vilayann@cse.psu.edu; anand@cse.psu.edu; kandemir@cse.psu.edu; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-7857 EI 1573-7543 J9 CLUSTER COMPUT JI Cluster Comput. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10586-006-4895-y PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V43XK UT WOS:000202967600003 ER PT J AU Oldfield, R Kotz, D AF Oldfield, Ron Kotz, David TI Improving data access for computational grid applications SO CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB High-performance computing increasingly occurs on "computational grids" composed of heterogeneous and geographically distributed systems of computers, networks, and storage devices that collectively act as a single " virtual" computer. A key challenge in this environment is to provide efficient access to data distributed across remote data servers. Our parallel I/O framework, called Armada, allows application and data-set providers to flexibly compose graphs of processing modules that describe the distribution, application interfaces, and processing required of the dataset before computation. Although the framework provides a simple programming model for the application programmer and the data-set provider, the resulting graph may contain bottlenecks that prevent efficient data access. In this paper, we present an algorithm used to restructure Armada graphs that distributes computation and data flow to improve performance in the context of a wide-area computational grid. C1 [Oldfield, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kotz, David] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Sudikoff Lab 6211, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Oldfield, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raoldfi@sandia.gov; dfk@cs.dartmouth.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-7857 EI 1573-7543 J9 CLUSTER COMPUT JI Cluster Comput. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 79 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10586-006-4899-7 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V43XK UT WOS:000202967600007 ER PT B AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Feng, X Parker, KE Piers, EM AF Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Feng, X Parker, KE Piers, EM BE Sajawan, KS Twardowska, I Punshon, T Alva, AK TI Removal of mercury from aqueous streams of fossil fuel power plants using novel functionalized nanoporous sorbents SO COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, SWEDEN HO Swedish Univ Agr Sci ID MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; BASES HSAB; SOFT ACIDS; MONOLAYERS; HARD AB A new class of hybrid nanoporous materials has been developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for removing toxic heavy metals such as mercury from aqueous and nonaqueous waste streams. These novel materials consist of functional molecules capable of selectively binding mercury (thiol groups) covalently bound (as densely populated monolayers) to the synthetic nanoporous substrates. Tests indicated that this sorbent (Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Silica-SAMMS) can achieve mercury loading as high as similar to 635 mg/g. The high affinity for Hg adsorption by this material was reflected by K-d values as high as 3.5 X 10(8) ml/g. Data indicated that SAMMS can adsorb both inorganic and organic forms of mercury. Experimental data indicated that mercury adsorption performance of SAMMS was not significantly affected by pH, ionic strength, presence of other cations (Na, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and complexing anions (Cl, CN, CO3, SO4, and PO4) in solution. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that SAMMS adsorbed mercury very rapidly (about 99.9% adsorption occurring within first five minutes). Tests conducted using samples of different aqueous and nonaqueous waste streams have confirmed the exemplary performance characteristics of SAMMS sorbents. Preliminary cost estimates indicated that using SAMMS would result in significant savings in mercury remediation costs as compared to the use of conventional adsorbents such as ion exchange resin and activated carbon. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ferro Corp, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU Office of Science and Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy and the IR&D funds from Battelle; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This study was supported by the Office of Science and Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy and the IR&D funds from Battelle. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-25865-5 PY 2006 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1007/0-387-32177-2_10 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDT71 UT WOS:000235259800010 ER PT B AU Hutchison, JM Seaman, JC Jackson, BP Aburime, SA AF Hutchison, JM Seaman, JC Jackson, BP Aburime, SA BE Sajawan, KS Twardowska, I Punshon, T Alva, AK TI Solute leaching from fly ash amended soil under varying degrees of saturation SO COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, SWEDEN HO Swedish Univ Agr Sci ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COAL ASH; WATER; SELENIUM; RESIDUES; PLANTS; FLOW AB Most of the fly ash produced in the US is stockpiled or disposed of in settling ponds where solute leaching can pose an environmental and health concern. Therefore, a series of saturated and unsaturated column experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of saturation and pore solution residence time (i.e., equilibration time) on the leaching of solutes from fly ash when incorporated within surface horizon material from a loamy sand soil. Repacked soil columns were leached at various moisture contents using an Unsaturated Flow Apparatus (UFA), a modified centrifuge for conducting steady-state leaching experiments. Additional column experiments were conducted under saturated conditions to isolate the effects of residence time from that of water content. Addition of 10 percent fly ash (by weight) significantly increased water-holding capacity in the loamy sand. Leachate concentration of As and Se increased as residence time increased. Most Se leaching took place in the first few pore volumes, indicating that weathering the fly ash may help alleviate some of its phytotoxic effects. Since saturation was related to residence time in these experiments, the effect of water content could not be isolated, though there appeared to be a delay in the "leaching front" as the soil became desaturated. However, comparisons of unsaturated leaching studies to saturated leaching studies are difficult due to the variation in water content under unsaturated conditions. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Engn, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-25865-5 PY 2006 BP 134 EP + DI 10.1007/0-387-32177-2_14 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDT71 UT WOS:000235259800014 ER PT B AU Knox, AS Knox, JD Adriano, DC Sajwan, KS AF Knox, AS Knox, JD Adriano, DC Sajwan, KS BE Sajawan, KS Twardowska, I Punshon, T Alva, AK TI Influence of coal combustion flue gas desulfurization waste on element uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) SO COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 15-19, 2003 CL Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, SWEDEN HO Swedish Univ Agr Sci ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; FLY-ASH; RESIDUES; SLUDGES AB A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of coal combustion flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste from a coal combustion electric power facility, located in Cope, SC on elemental uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). Unweathered FGD was applied to an Orangeburg series soil (Typic Paleudult) with an initial soil pH(salt) of 4.90. The FGD was added at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight. The test plant, maize, was harvested after 6 weeks of growth. Within 56 days of the FGD application, all rates of FGD significantly increased pH in the soil and the soil leachate above 6.0. The elemental concentration of the maize tissues indicated a characteristic elevation of B, Se, Mo, and As. However, no visual symptoms of toxicity of B or other elements in plants were observed. Increasing level of FGD caused a steady decline in biomass dry weight, with the highest treatment producing plants, which had approximately half the biomass of the control plants. Due to elevated concentrations of B and other elements (Se, Mo, and As) and due to adverse yield effects measured on plants, we do not recommend using FGD materials as a soil amendment for the purpose of growing agronomic and horticultural crops until sufficient time is allowed to substantially leach soluble salts including B and Se. This will necessitate monitoring the electrical conductivity and B and Se contents of the FGD waste to acceptable levels. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-42A,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Savannah State Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. Columbia Cty Board Educ, Appling, GA 30802 USA. RP Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-42A,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. FU DOE [DEFC09-96SR185] FX Financial Assistance Award Number DEFC09-96SR185 from the DOE to the University of Georgia Research Foundation supported the work. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-25865-5 PY 2006 BP 184 EP + DI 10.1007/0-387-32177-2_20 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDT71 UT WOS:000235259800020 ER PT J AU Vogel, JT Cook, D Fowler, SG Thomashow, MF AF Vogel, J. T. Cook, D. Fowler, S. G. Thomashow, M. F. BE Chen, THH Uemura, M Fujikawa, S TI The CBF Cold Response Pathways of Arabidopsis and Tomato SO COLD HARDINESS IN PLANTS: MOLECULAR GENETICS, CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; WATER-DEFICIT; HIGH-SALT; DROUGHT C1 [Vogel, J. T.; Cook, D.; Fowler, S. G.; Thomashow, M. F.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cook, D.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Thomashow, M. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thomashow, MF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM thomash6@msu.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-059-0 PY 2006 BP 11 EP 29 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BWB14 UT WOS:000293336700003 ER PT J AU MacRae, IJ Li, F Zhou, K Cande, WZ Doudna, JA AF MacRae, I. J. Li, F. Zhou, K. Cande, W. Z. Doudna, J. A. TI Structure of Dicer and mechanistic implications for RNAi SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 71st Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2006 CL Cold Spring, NY ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PAZ DOMAIN; INTERFERENCE; COMPLEX; INITIATION; MICRORNA; ATP; RIBONUCLEASE; ARGONAUTE2 AB Dicer is a specialized ribonuclease that processes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small RNA fragments about 25 nucleotides in length during file initiation phase of RNA interference (RNAi). We previously determined the crystal structure of a Dicer enzyme from the diplomonad Giardia intestinalis and proposed a Structural model for dsRNA processing. Here. we provide evidence that Dicer is composed of three structurally rigid regions connected by flexible hinges and propose that conformational flexibility facilitates dsRNA binding and processing. We also examine the role of the accessory do mains found in Dicers of higher eukaryotes but absent in Giardia Dicer. Finally, we combine the Structure of Dicer with published biochemical data to propose a model for the architecture of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-loading complex. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacRae, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2006 VL 71 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1101/sqb.2006.71.042 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 160SO UT WOS:000245962800011 PM 17381283 ER PT S AU Liu, J Saponjic, Z Dimitrijevic, NM Luo, S Preuss, D Rajh, T AF Liu, J. Saponjic, Z. Dimitrijevic, N. M. Luo, S. Preuss, D. Rajh, T. BE Osinski, M Yamamoto, K Jovin, TM TI Hybrid TiO(2) nanoparticles: An approach for developing site specific DNA cleavage SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 22-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID ASSEMBLIES; NANOWIRES; MOLECULES; TEMPLATE; SURFACES AB We have developed hybrid light responsive TiO(2) nanoparticles electronically linked to PNA oligonucleotides that site specifically bind to double stranded target DNA. This opens a new opportunity for the development of a highly efficient "artificial restriction enzyme" whose activity can be controlled by using light. The work focuses on the use of TiO(2) nanocomposites as analogs of restriction enzymes with unique specificity that does not exist in current biological approaches. TiO(2) nanoparticles electronically linked to DNA or PNA adapters have been site-specifically attached along double stranded X DNA vectors. Illumination of this assembly results in selective oxidation of DNA at the deepest "thermodynamic traps" located closest to the nanoparticle surface, causing DNA cleavage. We investigate the effect of the sequence and length of DNA and PNA adapters on the specificity of DNA cleavage. Related to this issue, the potential use of TiO(2)/DNA nanocomposites as "rare cutters" that cleave DNA in the places not achieved with existing protein-based enzymes is investigated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6138-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6096 AR 60960F DI 10.1117/12.661778 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEL14 UT WOS:000237689800006 ER PT S AU Shinar, J Shinar, R AF Shinar, Joseph Shinar, Ruth BE Fasolka, MJ Wang, Q Potyrailo, RA Chikyow, T Schubert, US Korkin, A TI Combinatorial fabrication and screening of organic light-emitting device arrays SO Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LUMINESCENT MATERIALS; LAYER-THICKNESS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; WHITE-LIGHT; THIN-FILMS; DIODES; BRIGHT; EMISSION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB Studies of combinatorial fabrication and screening of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are reviewed, These studies include screening of luminescent materials, electron and hole transport layers, lower-gap emitting guest dopants in small molecular emitters, and electronically doped polymeric anodes. The review focuses on screening of 2-dimensional (2-d) small molecular UV/violet arrays, 1-d blue-to-red arrays, and 1-d intense white OLED libraries, and briefly describes arrays fabricated to study Forster energy transfer in guest-host OLEDs. It demonstrates that combinatorial fabrication of OLEDs has become a powerful tool for screening OLED materials and configurations, and for studying their basic properties. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-848-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 894 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEN46 UT WOS:000238287300001 ER PT S AU Stradins, P Branz, HM Hu, J Ward, S Wang, Q AF Stradins, Paul Branz, Howard M. Hu, Jian Ward, Scott Wang, Qi BE Fasolka, MJ Wang, Q Potyrailo, RA Chikyow, T Schubert, US Korkin, A TI Combinatorial studies of switching and solid-phase crystallization in amorphous silicon SO Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Combinatorial approaches are successfully applied for the optimization of electric write-once, thin-film Si antifuse memory devices, as well as for studying the solid-phase epitaxy kinetics of amorphous silicon on c-Si. High forward, low reverse current thin film Si diode deposition recipes are selected using cross-strips of different combinations of amorphous and microcrystalline doped layers, as well as a thickness-wedged intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layer. By studying switching in thickness-wedged a-SM layers. it is found that switching requires both a critical field and a critical bias voltage across the metallic contacts. Solid-phase epitaxy speed has a non-linear dependence on the film thickness. which is easily observed by optical image monitoring and analysis in wedged a-Si:H films on c-Si wafers. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stradins, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-848-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 894 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEN46 UT WOS:000238287300004 ER PT S AU Ferris, KF Webb-Robertson, BJM Jones, D AF Ferris, Kim F. Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Jones, Dumont BE Fasolka, MJ Wang, Q Potyrailo, RA Chikyow, T Schubert, US Korkin, A TI Information-based development of new radiation detectors SO Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial Methods and Informatics in Materials Science held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MAPS AB With our present concern for a secure environment, the development of new radiation detection materials has focused on the capability of identifying potential radiation sources at increased sensitivity levels. As the initial framework for a materials-informatics approach to radiation detection materials, we have explored the use of both supervised (Support Vector Machines-SVM and Linear Discriminant Analysis - LDA) and unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis - PCA) learning methods for the development of structural signature models. Application of these methods yields complementary results. both of which are necessary to reduce parameter space and variable degeneracy. Using a crystal structure classification test. the use of the nonlinear SVM significantly increases predictive performance. suggesting trade-offs between smaller descriptor spaces and simpler linear models. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat & Informat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferris, KF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat & Informat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-848-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 894 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEN46 UT WOS:000238287300040 ER PT J AU Ayoolan, BO Balachandran, R Frank, JH Mastorakos, E Kaminski, CF AF Ayoolan, BO Balachandran, R Frank, JH Mastorakos, E Kaminski, CF TI Spatially resolved heat release rate measurements in turbulent premixed flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE heat release rate imaging; simultaneous OH and CH2OPLIF; OH chemiluminescence; turbulent premixed flames; flame front curvature ID COUNTERFLOW FLAMES; OPPOSED STREAMS; LEWIS NUMBERS; STRAIN-RATE; AIR FLAMES; COMBUSTION; EXTINCTION; TEMPERATURE; METHANE; SIMULATIONS AB Heat release rate is a fundamental property of great importance for the theoretical and experimental elucidation of unsteady flame behaviors such as combustion noise, combustion instabilities, and pulsed combustion. Investigations of such thermoacoustic interactions require a reliable indicator of heat release rate capable of resolving spatial Structures ill turbulent flames. Traditionally, heat release rate has been estimated via OH or CH radical chemiluminescence; however, chemiluminescence suffers from being a line-of-sight technique with limited capability for resolving small-scale Structures. In this paper, we report spatially resolved two-dimensional measurements of a quantity closely related to heat release rate. The diagnostic technique uses simultaneous OH and CH2O planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), and the pixel-by-pixel product of the OH and CH2O PLIF signals has previously been shown to correlate well with local heat release rates. Results from this diagnostic technique, which we refer to as heat release rate imaging (HR imaging), are compared with traditional OH chemiluminescence measurements in several flames. Studies were performed in lean premixed ethylene flames stabilized between opposed jets and with a bluff body. Correlations between bulk strain rates and local heat release rates were obtained and the effects of curvature on heat release rate were investigated. The results show that the heat release rate tends to increase with increasing negative curvature for the flames investigated for which Lewis numbers are greater than unity. This correlation becomes more pronounced as the flame gets closer to global extinction. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kaminski, CF (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. EM cfk23@cam.ac.uk RI Balachandran, Ramanarayanan/J-8243-2013; Kaminski, Clemens/G-7488-2016; OI Balachandran, Ramanarayanan/0000-0003-2059-5059; Mastorakos, Epaminondas/0000-0001-8245-5188 NR 45 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.06.005 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 002CF UT WOS:000234588300001 ER PT J AU Hawkes, ER Chen, JH AF Hawkes, ER Chen, JH TI Comparison of direct numerical simulation of lean premixed methane-air flames with strained laminar flame calculations SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE lean premixed combustion; thin-reaction zones regime; direct numerical simulation; laminar flamelets ID TURBULENT COMBUSTION; BURNING VELOCITY; STRETCH; CURVATURE; CHEMISTRY; DIFFUSION; MODELS; FLOWS AB Direct numerical simulation (DNS) with complex chemistry was used to study statistics of displacement and consumption speeds in turbulent lean premixed methane-air flames. The main focus of the study is an evaluation of the extent to which a turbulent flame in the thin reaction zones regime can be described by an ensemble of strained laminar flames. Conditional averages with respect to strain for displacement and consumption speeds are presented over a wide range of strain typically encountered in a turbulent flame, compared with previous studies that either made local pointwise comparisons or conditioned the data on small strain and curvature. The conditional averages for positive strains are compared with calculated data from two different canonical strained laminar configurations to determine which is the optimal representation of a laminar flame structure embedded in a turbulent flame: the reactant-to-product (R-to-P) configuration or the symmetric twin flame configuration. Displacement speed statistics are compared for the progress-variable isosurface of maximum reaction rate and an isosurface toward the fresh gases, which are relevant for both modeling and interpretation of experiment results. Displacement speeds in the inner reaction layer are found to agree very well with the laminar R-to-P calculations over a wide range of strain for higher Damkohler number conditions, well beyond the regime in which agreement was expected. For lower Damkohler numbers, a reduced response to strain is observed, consistent with previous studies and theoretical expectations. Compared with the inner layer, broader and shifted probability density functions (PDFs) of displacement speed were observed in the fresh gases, and the agreement with the R-to-P calculations deteriorated. Consumption speeds show a poorer agreement with strained laminar calculations, which is attributed to multidimensional effects and a more attenuated unsteady response to strain fluctuations; however, they also show less departure from the unstrained laminar value, suggesting that detailed modeling of this quantity may not be critical for the conditions considered. For all quantities investigated, including CO production, the R-to-P laminar configuration provides an improved description relative to the twin flame configuration, which predicts qualitatively incorrect trends and overestimates extinction. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, POB 969 MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM erhawke@ca.sandia.gov RI Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 43 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.07.002 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 002CF UT WOS:000234588300010 ER PT J AU Stamps, DW Slezak, SE Tieszen, SR AF Stamps, DW Slezak, SE Tieszen, SR TI Observations of the cellular structure of fuel-air detonations SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE detonation cells; detonability limits; subcellular structure ID OXYGEN-DILUENT MIXTURES; HYDROGEN-AIR; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; STEAM MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; DETONABILITY; COMBUSTION; INITIATION; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB Detonation cell widths, which provide a measure of detonability of a mixture, were measured for hydrocarbon-air and hydrogen-air-diluent mixtures. Results were obtained from a 0.43-m-diameter, 13.1-m-long heated detonation tube with an initial pressure of 101 kPa and an initial temperature between 25 and 100 degrees C. The cell widths of simple cyclic hydrocarbons are somewhat smaller than those of comparable straight-chain alkanes. Cyclic hydrocarbons tested generally had similar cell sizes despite differences in degree of bond saturation, bond strain energy, oxygen substitution, and chemical structure. There was a significant reduction in the cell width of octane, a straight-chain alkane, when it was mixed with small quantities of hexyl nitrate. The effect of a diluent, such as steam and carbon dioxide. on the cell width of a hydrogen-air mixture is shown over a wide range of mixture stoichiometries. The data illustrate the effects of initial temperature and pressure on the cell width when compared to previous studies. Not only is carbon dioxide more effective than steam at increasing the mixture cell width, but also its effectiveness increases relative to that of steam with increasing concentrations. The detonability limits, which are dependent on the facility geometry and type of initiator used in this study, were measured for fuel-lean and fuel-rich hydrogen-air mixtures and stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures diluted with steam. The detonability limits are nominally at the flammability limits for hydrogen-air mixtures. The subcellular structure within a fuel-lean hydrogen-air detonation cell was recorded using a sooted foil. The uniform fine structure of the self-sustained transverse wave and the irregular structure of the overdriven lead shock wave are shown at the triple point path that marks the boundary between detonation cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stamps, DW (reprint author), Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. EM ds38@evansville.edu NR 49 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.06.016 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 002CF UT WOS:000234588300022 ER PT J AU Oefelein, JC AF Oefelein, JC TI Mixing and combustion of cryogenic oxygen-hydrogen shear-coaxial jet flames at supercritical pressure SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryogenic propellants; supercritical pressure; flame structure; liquid-rocket propulsion ID CORRESPONDING STATES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PREDICTION; MIXTURES; FLUIDS; INJECTION; PRINCIPLE AB This paper extends past analyses of liquid-oxygen-hydrogen flames at supercritical pressure by providing quantitative results that characterize multicomponent diffusion processes in the flame zone of a shear-coaxial injector element. High-fidelity simulations, using both the large-eddy-simulation and direct-numerical-simulation techniques, have been performed using detailed treatments of thermodynamic, transport and chemical kinetics. Results are presented for a condition where oxygen is injected in a cryogenic state, at a subcritical temperature and supercritical pressure, and hydrogen is injected in a supercritical state. This condition has significant technical relevance in liquid-rocket engines but is not well understood. For this situation a diffusion dominated mode of combustion occurs in the presence of exceedingly large thermo-physical property gradients. The flame anchors itself in the interfacial region of high shear that exists between the liquid-oxygen core and the annular hydrogen jet. Intense property gradients approach the behavior of a contact discontinuity in this region. Significant real-gas effects and transport anomalies coexist locally in colder regions of the flow, with ideal gas and transport processes occurring within the flame zone. The current work provides a detailed analysis focused on the effects and relative contributions of various diffusion mechanisms and the net coupled effect of these processes on the observed mode of combustion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Oefelein, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM oefelei@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 252 DI 10.1080/00102200500325322 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 993XY UT WOS:000233993000008 ER PT J AU Sivaramakrishnan, R Brezinsky, K Vasudevan, H Tranter, RS AF Sivaramakrishnan, R Brezinsky, K Vasudevan, H Tranter, RS TI A shock-tube study of the high-pressure thermal decomposition of benzene SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatics; high pressure; pyrolysis; benzene; model ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; KINETICS; OXIDATION; DIACETYLENE; ACETYLENE; WAVES AB The high-temperature, high-pressure pyrolysis of the prototype aromatic, benzene, has been studied behind reflected shock waves in the UIC High Pressure Single Pulse Shock Tube. Three sets of experiments were performed at nominal pressures of 30 and 50 bars in the high temperature regime from 1200 - 1800 K. Stable species sampled from the shock tube were analyzed offline using gas chromatographic techniques. The present data set was simulated using the three most recent models, two of the models developed and validated against high-temperature benzene pyrolysis shock-tube data for stable species profiles as well as H atom production rates and the third model, a "work-in-progress'' model from our laboratory aimed at resolving the high-pressure combustion of primary aromatics such as benzene and toluene. The simulations reflect the complexities and uncertainties involved not only in describing the primary decay steps but also the subsequent high-temperature secondary chemistry for even the simplest aromatic molecule, benzene. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brezinsky, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, POB 4348, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM kenbrez@uic.edu RI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/C-3481-2008 OI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/0000-0002-1867-1254 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 305 DI 10.1080/00102200500292340 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 993XY UT WOS:000233993000010 ER PT J AU Rice, SF AF Rice, SF TI Stability and reactivity of N2O in supercritical water SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; supercritical water; kinetics; reactivity ID O-H WASTES; NITROUS-OXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; HIGH-PRESSURE; FLOW REACTOR; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; AMMONIA; MODEL AB The results of experiments examining the thermal decomposition of N2O and its reactivity with methane in supercritical water at approximately 500 degrees C and 30MPa are presented. The rate of thermal decomposition is observed to be close to the rate predicted by extrapolating an Arrhenius expression from the literature that has been shown to be valid at 750 degrees C and 1.0 MPa. The observed first-order rate constant at 500 degrees C is 9.4 x 10(-6) s(-1). There is no significant effect on N2O stability due to the presence of supercritical water relative to ambient pressure. Measurements exploring the conversion rate of methane in the presence of N2O reveal that simple oxidation chemistry competes with polymerization. The data suggest that much of the carbon in the system is converted to (CH2)(n) oligomers that separates from the supercritical phase. A detailed kinetic mechanism is used to explore characteristics of these competing processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sfrice@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1080/00102200500292498 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 993XY UT WOS:000233993000014 ER PT J AU Campbell, S AF Campbell, S TI How to think about security failures SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campbell, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scampbell@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1145/1107458.1107482 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 000TP UT WOS:000234485600014 ER PT B AU Bochev, PB Hyman, JM AF Bochev, Pavel B. Hyman, James M. BE Arnold, DN Boche, PB Lehoucq, RB Nicolaides, RA Shashkov, M TI Principles of mimetic discretizations of differential operators SO COMPATIBLE SPATIAL DISCRETIZATIONS SE IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IMA Hot Topics Workshop on Compatible Spatial Discretizations CY MAY 11-15, 2004 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP IMA HO Univ Minnesota DE mimetic discretizations; compatible spatial discretizations; finite element methods; support operator methods; algebraic topology; De Rham complex; Hodge operator; Stokes theorem ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; GRIDS; CURL; DIVERGENCE; FIELDS; VOLUME AB Compatible discretizations transform partial differential equations to discrete algebraic problems that mimic fundamental properties of the continuum equations. We provide a common framework for mimetic discretizations using algebraic topology to guide our analysis. The framework and all attendant discrete structures are put together by using two basic mappings between differential forms and cochains. The key concept of the framework is a natural inner product on cochains which induces a combinatorial Hodge theory on the cochain complex. The framework supports mutually consistent operations of differentiation and integration, has a combinatorial Stokes theorem, and preserves the invariants of the De Rham cohomology groups. This allows, among other things, for an elementary calculation of the kernel of the discrete Laplacian. Our framework provides an abstraction that includes examples of compatible finite element, finite volume, and finite difference methods. We describe how these methods result from a choice of the reconstruction operator and explain when they are equivalent. We demonstrate how to apply the framework for compatible discretization for two scalar versions of the Hodge Laplacian. C1 [Bochev, Pavel B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hyman, James M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; hyman@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy under Sandia Corporation [DEAC04-94-AL85000]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36]; DOE Office of Science's Advanced Scientific Computing Research(ASCR) Applied Mathematics Research Program (KJOIOIOI); Lockheed Martin Company [DEAC04-94-AL85000] FX We thank Clint Scovel for his insight and guidance in the early stages of this research. This work was funded by the Department of Energy under contracts with the Sandia Corporation (DEAC04-94-AL85000), Los Alamos National Laboratory (W-7405-ENG-36) and the DOE Office of Science's Advanced Scientific Computing Research(ASCR) Applied Mathematics Research Program (KJOIOIOI). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DEAC04-94-AL85000. NR 60 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-30916-0 J9 IMA VOL MATH APPL PY 2006 VL 142 BP 89 EP + PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BEX78 UT WOS:000240040100005 ER PT B AU White, DA Koning, JM Rieben, RN AF White, Daniel A. Koning, Joseph M. Rieben, Robert N. BE Arnold, DN Boche, PB Lehoucq, RB Nicolaides, RA Shashkov, M TI Development and application of compatible discretizations of Maxwell's equations SO COMPATIBLE SPATIAL DISCRETIZATIONS SE IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IMA Hot Topics Workshop on Compatible Spatial Discretizations CY MAY 11-15, 2004 CL Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN SP IMA HO Univ Minnesota DE computational electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; vector finite elements; high order methods; H(curl) and H(div); conforming methods; discrete differential forms; spurious modes; numerical dispersion; wave propagation; transient eddy currents; electromagnetic diffusion ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD COMPUTATION; INTERPOLATORY VECTOR BASES; ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID METHOD; NUMERICAL DISPERSION; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; DIFFERENTIAL FORMS; POLLUTION ERROR; EDGE ELEMENTS; GRIDS AB We present the development and application of compatible finite element discretizations of electromagnetics problems derived from the time dependent, full wave Maxwell equations. We review the H(curl)-conforming finite element method, using the concepts and notations of differential forms as a theoretical framework. We chose this approach because it can handle complex geometries, it is free of spurious modes, it is numerically stable without the need for filtering or artificial diffusion, it correctly models the discontinuity of fields across material boundaries, and it can be very high order. Higher-order H(curl) and H(div) conforming basis functions are not unique and we have designed an extensible C++ framework that supports a variety of specific instantiations of these such as standard interpolatory bases, spectral bases, hierarchical bases, and semi-orthogonal bases. Virtually any electromagnetics problem that can be cast in the language of differential forms can be solved using our framework. For time dependent problems a method-of-lines scheme is used where the Galerkin method reduces the PDE to a semi-discrete system of ODE's, which are then integrated in time using finite difference methods. For time integration of wave equations we employ the unconditionally stable implicit Newmark-Beta method, as well as the high order energy conserving explicit Maxwell Symplectic method; for diffusion equations, we employ a generalized Crank-Nicholson method. We conclude with computational examples from resonant cavity problems, time-dependent wave propagation problems, and transient eddy current problems, all obtained using the authors massively parallel computational electromagnetics code EMSolve. C1 [White, Daniel A.; Koning, Joseph M.; Rieben, Robert N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [White, Daniel A.; Koning, Joseph M.; Rieben, Robert N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM white37@llnl.gov; koning1@llml.gov; rieben1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-30916-0 J9 IMA VOL MATH APPL PY 2006 VL 142 BP 209 EP + PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BEX78 UT WOS:000240040100011 ER PT J AU Stoft, S AF Stoft, Steven BE Leveque, F TI Problems of transmission investment in a deregulated power market SO COMPETITIVE ELECTRICITY MARKETS AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRIC GRID INVESTMENT; NETWORKS C1 [Stoft, Steven] EOB Installed Capac Markets Calif, Sacramento, CA USA. [Stoft, Steven] Univ Calif Energy Inst, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Davis, CA USA. [Stoft, Steven] FERC, Off Econ Policy, Washington, DC USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-921-8 PY 2006 BP 87 EP 130 PG 44 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BRY09 UT WOS:000283862300005 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Lee, S Lin, HY AF Hsueh, CH Lee, S Lin, HY TI Analyses of mode I edge delamination by thermal stresses in multilayer systems SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE layered structures; delamination; residual stress; analytical modelling ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ASSEMBLIES; STRAIN; PLATES; RULE AB Multilayer systems are generally subjected to thermal stresses because of the thermal mismatch between layers, and localized stresses normal to interfaces; i.e:, interfacial peeling stresses, exist at edges because of the free-edge effect. These peeling stresses can result in mode I edge delamination. However, because of the complexity of the problem, exact closed-form solutions for peeling stresses are unattainable, even for bilayer systems. As a result, the peeling moment resulting from these localized peeling stresses was proposed recently as an alternative to study edge delamination. Exact closed-form solutions for the peeling moment at each interface in multilayer systems are derived in the present study, and approximate solutions for the special case of multilayer of thin films on a thick substrate are also presented. Specific results are calculated for GaAs/Si bilayers and GaP/GaAs0.5P0.5/GaAs trilayers. However, the present solutions are readily to be applied to any elastic multilayer system for characterizing mode I edge delamination by thermal stresses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Ind Technol Res Inst, Mech Ind Res Labs, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.05.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 967LS UT WOS:000232093300001 ER PT J AU Mahajan, D Desai, A Rafailovich, M Cui, MH Yang, NL AF Mahajan, D Desai, A Rafailovich, M Cui, MH Yang, NL TI Synthesis and characterization of nanosized metals embedded in polystyrene matrix SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nano metal particles ID ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; IRON AB Thermal treatment of a solution containing iron pentacarbonyl and styrene monomer in hexadecane resulted in a high yield (> 90%) of nanoparticles of iron encapsulated in a polystyrene matrix (Fe-PST). The freshly prepared off-colored Fe in polystyrene (Fe-PST) material consisted of black particles that were attributed to zero-valent iron. On exposure to air, the black Fe particles slowly turned dark brown due to conversion into iron oxide. The observed oxidation phenomenon was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: the freshly prepared Fe-PST was EPR silent but after exposure to air, a strong signature EPR signal for iron oxide was recorded. The infrared data confirmed changes in intensity of characteristic bands of PST in Fe-PST. The TEM image of the oxidized Fe-PST material consisted of discrete Fe particles that were distributed throughout the polymer matrix. The differential scanning calorimetric data of Fe-PST showed an enhanced glass transition temperature to 120 degrees C owing to the presence of Fe nanoparticles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Adv Fuels Grp, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stony Brook Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CUNY, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Adv Fuels Grp, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dmahajan@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.12.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 967LS UT WOS:000232093300009 ER PT J AU Tilbrook, MT Rozenburg, K Steffler, ED Rutgers, L Hoffman, M AF Tilbrook, M. T. Rozenburg, K. Steffler, E. D. Rutgers, L. Hoffman, M. TI Crack propagation paths in layered, graded composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE layered structures; finite element analysis (FEA); fracture; functionally graded material ID FRACTURE; DEFLECTION; TOUGHNESS; MODE; RESISTANCE; MECHANICS; STRESSES; GROWTH AB Layered, graded material structures exhibit anisotropies in elastic properties and failure resistance that can strongly influence the propagation of cracks, and hence overall structural integrity. This study examines the influences on propagation trajectory for cracks initially oriented parallel to the layers in layered, graded alumina-epoxy composites, produced experimentally by infiltration of layered porous alumina bodies. Notched specimens were tested under monotonic and cyclic bending loading. Finite element (FE) modelling was used to predict crack-tip stress fields and crack propagation paths. Measured initial crack deflection angles agreed with predictions from FE results, and observations from phase-shifted Moire interferometry. Crack propagation paths showed good agreement with FE predictions, except when cracks were influenced by interfaces between layers. Influences of elastic property gradient, microstructural heterogeneity and toughness anisotropy at interfaces are addressed, and the implications for structural reliability of layered structures are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hoffman, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM mark.hoffman@unsw.edu.au RI Hoffman, Mark/E-5021-2012 OI Hoffman, Mark/0000-0003-2927-1165 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.02.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 056YB UT WOS:000238559900014 ER PT J AU Hruska, M Boulaevskii, LN AF Hruska, M Boulaevskii, LN TI Effects of magnetic excitations on the I-V characteristic of magnetic superconductors SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE moving vortex lattice; borocarbides; cuprates ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; COLLECTIVE MODE; VORTEX LATTICE; FIELDS AB The coupling between magnetic and superconducting degrees of freedom in magnetic superconductors leads to subgap resonances in the I-V characteristic. We study two mechanisms of coupling: the spin-assisted cotunneling (in layered magnetic superconductors) and the interaction mediated by the ac magnetic field of a moving vortex lattice. The latter mechanism we study in both layered and moderately anisotropic superconductors. At resonance conditions the dynamics of vortices in magnetic superconductors changes drastically, resulting in strong peaks in the dc I-V characteristic at voltages at which the washboard frequency of vortex lattice matches the spin wave frequency ws (g), where g are the reciprocal vortex lattice vectors. We show that for a high enough washboard frequency, peaks in the I-V characteristic in borocarbides and cuprate layered magnetic superconductors are strong enough to be observed on the quasiparticle background. (c) 2006 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hruska, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hruska@viking.lanl.gov; lnb@viking.lanl.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.12.002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 028AI UT WOS:000236457300005 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Magnetism and superconductivity in rare earth-nickel-borocarbides SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE RNi2B2C; superconductivity; magnetism ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; HEAVY-FERMION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; ERNI2B2C; COEXISTENCE; ORDER; IMPURITIES; HONI2B2C AB The RNi2B2C (R = Gd-Lu, Y) series of compounds offers a spacious testing ground for the interaction between 4f and conduction electrons and specifically for interactions between local magnetic moments and the superconducting ground state. In this review we will survey the effects that local moments have on the superconducting transition temperature (TC), the upper superconducting critical field (H-c2(T)) and the vortex pinning and critical current density (J(c)). (c) 2005 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM budko@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.11.011 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 028AI UT WOS:000236457300006 ER PT B AU Rider, WJ Kamm, JR AF Rider, William J. Kamm, James R. BE Groth, C Zingg, DW TI How effective are high-order approximations in shock-capturing methods? Is there a law of diminishing returns? SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA SP NASA, Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Aerosp Res ID EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; NUMERICAL-METHODS; EULER EQUATIONS; SCHEMES C1 [Rider, William J.; Kamm, James R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Continuum Dynam Grp, CS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rider, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Continuum Dynam Grp, CS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rider@lanl.gov; kammj@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-31800-3 PY 2006 BP 401 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-31801-1_56 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BFA96 UT WOS:000240583500056 ER PT S AU Gattiker, JR Lawrence, E Higdon, D AF Gattiker, JR Lawrence, E Higdon, D BE Gavrilova, M Gervasi, O Kumar, V Tan, CJK Taniar, D Lagana, A Mun, Y Choo, H TI Analysis of multi-domain complex simulation studies SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2006, PT 3 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2006) CY MAY 08-AUG 11, 2003 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEE, Univ Perugia, Univ Calgary, Univ Minnesota, Queens Univ Belfast, ERCIM, OptimaNumerics, INTEL, AMD AB Complex simulations are increasingly important in systems analysis and design. In some cases simulations can be exhaustively validated against experiment and taken to be implicitly accurate. However, in domains where only limited validation of the simulations can be performed, implications of simulation studies have historically been qualitative. Validation is notably difficult in cases where experiments are expensive or otherwise prohibitive, where experimental effects are difficult to measure, and where models are thought to have unaccounted systematic error. This paper describes an approach to integrate simulation experiments with empirical data that has been applied successfully in a number of domains. This methodology generates coherent estimates of confidence in model predictions, model parameters, and estimates, i.e. calibrations, for unobserved variables. Extensions are described to integrate the results of separate experiments into a single estimate for simulation parameters, which demonstrates a new approach to model-based data fusion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gattiker, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gatt@lanl.gov; earl@lanl.gov; dhigdon@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34075-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3982 BP 1153 EP 1162 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEL01 UT WOS:000237648300121 ER PT S AU Berbegall, V Drummond, LA Verdu, G Vidal, V AF Berbegall, V Drummond, LA Verdu, G Vidal, V BE Gavrilova, M Gervasi, O Kumar, V Tan, CJK Taniar, D Lagana, A Mun, Y Choo, H TI A purely distributed approach for coupling scientific and engineering applications SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2006, PT 5 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2006) CY MAY 08-AUG 11, 2003 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEE, Univ Perugia, Univ Calgary, Univ Minnesota, Queens Univ Belfast, ERCIM, OptimaNumerics, INTEL, AMD AB In recent years, developments in computational sciences have enabled scientists to create sophisticated software tools and techniques that have contributed to the development of high accuracy numerical models that are used to study physical phenomena. The next level of sophistication addresses the integration or coupling of one or more computational models to simulate a more complex physical system. These coupled systems, are generally multidisciplinary in nature and are now emerge in a broad spectrum of fields in science and engineering such are Earth Sciences, Fusion Energy, Structural Engineering and Astrophysics. This paper presents an introduction to the Distributed Coupling Toolkit (DCT). This library tool provides a user friendly and scalable approach to formulate model coupling in distributed computer environments. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Valencia 46022, Spain. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Comp Syst & Computat, Valencia 46022, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berbegall, V (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Camino de Vera S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM vibergi@iqn.upv.es; LADrummond@lbl.gov; gverdu@iqn.upv.es; vvidal@dsic.upv.es RI Vidal, Vicente/L-6264-2014 OI Vidal, Vicente/0000-0002-2384-7015 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34079-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3984 BP 192 EP 201 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEL03 UT WOS:000237650900021 ER PT S AU Sosonkina, M Tsukerman, I AF Sosonkina, Masha Tsukerman, Igor BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Parallel solvers for flexible approximation schemes in multiparticle simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID RECURSIVE MULTILEVEL SOLVER; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPUTATION; DYNAMICS; VERSION AB New finite difference schemes with flexible local approximation are applied to screened electrostatic interactions of spherical colloidal particles governed by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Local analytical approximations of the solution are incorporated directly into the scheme and yield high approximation accuracy even on simple and relatively coarse Cartesian grids. Several parallel iterative solution techniques have been tested with an emphasis on suitable parallel preconditioning for the nonsymmetric system matrix. In particular, flexible GM-RES preconditioned with the distributed Schur Complement exhibits good solution time and scales well when the number of particles, grid nodes or processors increases. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Sosonkina, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM masha@scl..ameslab.gov; igor@uakron.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34379-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3991 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO11 UT WOS:000238389200008 ER PT S AU Baker, CG Absil, PA Gallivan, KA AF Baker, C. G. Absil, P. -A. Gallivan, K. A. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI An implicit Riemannian Trust-Region method for the symmetric generalized eigenproblem SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; JACOBI-DAVIDSON; GEOMETRY AB The recently proposed Riemannian Trust-Region method can be applied to the problem of computing extreme eigenpairs of a matrix pencil, with strong global convergence and local convergence properties. This paper addresses inherent inefficiencies of an explicit trust-region mechanism. We propose a new algorithm, the Implicit Riemannian Trust-Region method for extreme eigenpair computation, which seeks to overcome these inefficiencies while still retaining the favorable convergence properties. C1 Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Ingn Math, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Baker, CG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34379-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3991 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO11 UT WOS:000238389200028 ER PT S AU Akioka, S Malkowski, K Raghavan, P Irwin, MJ McInnes, LC Norris, B AF Akioka, Sayaka Malkowski, Konrad Raghavan, Padma Irwin, Mary Jane McInnes, Lois Curfman Norris, Boyana BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Characterizing the performance and energy attributes of scientific simulations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB We characterize the performance and energy attributes of scientific applications based on nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). where the dominant cost is that of sparse linear system solution. We obtain performance and energy metrics using cycle-accurate emulations on a processor and memory system derived from the PowerPC RISC architecture with extensions to resemble the processor in the BlueGene/L. These results indicate that low-power modes of CPUs such as Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) can indeed result in energy savings at the expense of performance degradation. We then consider the impact of certain memory subsystem optimizations to demonstrate that these optimizations in conjunction with DVS can provide faster execution time and lower energy consumption. For example, on the optimized architecture, if DVS is used to scale down the processor to 600MHz, execution times are faster by 45% with energy reductions of 75% compared to the original architecture at 1GHz. The insights gained from this study can help scientific applications better utilize the low-power modes of processors as well as guide the selection of hardware optimizations in future power-aware, high-performance computers. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Akioka, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tobita@cse.psu.edu; malkowsk@cse.psu.edu; raghavan@cse.psu.edu; mji@cse.psu.edu; mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov; norris@mcs.anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34379-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3991 BP 242 EP 249 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO11 UT WOS:000238389200032 ER PT S AU Hartono, A Lu, QD Gao, XY Krishnamoorthy, S Nooijen, M Baumgartner, G Bernholdt, DE Choppella, V Pitzer, RM Ramanujam, J Rountev, A Sadayappan, P AF Hartono, Albert Lu, Qingda Gao, Xiaoyang Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Nooijen, Marcel Baumgartner, Gerald Bernholdt, David E. Choppella, Venkatesh Pitzer, Russell M. Ramanujam, J. Rountev, Atanas Sadayappan, P. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Identifying cost-effective common subexpressions to reduce operation count in tensor contraction evaluations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB Complex tensor contraction expressions arise in accurate electronic structure models in quantum chemistry, such as the coupled cluster method. Transformations using algebraic properties of commutativity and associativity can be used to significantly decrease the number of arithmetic operations required for evaluation of these expressions. Operation minimization is an important optimization step for the Tensor Contraction Engine, a tool being developed for the automatic transformation of high-level tensor contraction expressions into efficient programs. The identification of common subexpressions among a set of tensor contraction expressions can result in a reduction of the total number of operations required to evaluate the tensor contractions. In this paper, we develop an effective algorithm for common subexpression identification and demonstrate its effectiveness on tensor contraction expressions for coupled cluster equations. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L BG1, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hartono, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34379-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3991 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO11 UT WOS:000238389200035 ER PT S AU Perumalla, K Fujimoto, R Karimabadi, H AF Perumalla, Kalyan Fujimoto, Richard Karimabadi, Homa BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI Scalable simulation of electromagnetic hybrid codes SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB New discrete-event formulations of physics simulation models are emerging that can outperform models based on traditional time-stepped techniques. Detailed simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere, for example, requires execution of sub-models that are at widely differing timescales. In contrast to time-stepped simulation which requires tightly coupled updates to entire system state at regular time intervals, the new discrete event simulation (DES) approaches help evolve the states of sub-models on relatively independent timescales. However, parallel execution of DES-based models raises challenges with respect to their scalability and performance. One of the key challenges is to improve the computation granularity to offset synchronization and communication overheads within and across processors. Our previous work was limited in scalability and runtime performance due to the parallelization challenges. Here we report on optimizations we performed on DES-based plasma simulation models to improve parallel performance. The mapping of model to simulation processes is optimized via aggregation techniques, and the parallel runtime engine is optimized for communication and memory efficiency. The net result is the capability to simulate hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) models with over 2 billion ion particles using 512 processors on supercomputing platforms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. SciberQuest Inc, Solana Beach, CA USA. RP Perumalla, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Perumalla, Kalyan/0000-0002-7458-0832 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34381-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3992 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO13 UT WOS:000238389400006 ER PT S AU Engelmann, C Geist, A AF Engelmann, Christian Geist, Al BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI RMIX: A dynamic, heterogeneous, reconfigurable communication framework SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB RMIX is a dynamic, heterogeneous, reconfigurable communication framework that allows software components to communicate using various RMI/RPC protocols, such as ONC RPC, Java RMI and SOAP, by facilitating dynamically loadable provider plug-ins to supply different protocol stacks. With this paper, we present a native (C-based), flexible, adaptable, multi-protocol RMI/RPC communication framework that complements the Java-based RMIX variant previously developed by our partner team at Emory University. Our approach offers the same multi-protocol RMI/RPC services and advanced invocation semantics via a C-based interface that does not require an object-oriented programming language. This paper provides a detailed description of our RMIX framework architecture and some of its features. It describes the general use case of the RMIX framework and its integration into the Harness metacomputing environment in form of a plug-in. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; gst@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34381-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3992 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO13 UT WOS:000238389400077 ER PT S AU Posse, C Sanfilippo, A Gopalan, B Riensche, R Beagley, N Baddeley, B AF Posse, C. Sanfilippo, A. Gopalan, B. Riensche, R. Beagley, N. Baddeley, B. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI Cross-ontological analytics: Combining associative and hierarchical relations in the gene ontologies to assess gene product similarity SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB Gene and gene product similarity is a fundamental diagnostic measure in analyzing biological data and constructing predictive models for functional genomics. With the rising influence of the gene ontologies, two complementary approaches have emerged where the similarity between two genes/gene products is obtained by comparing gene ontology (GO) annotations associated with the gene/gene products. One approach captures GO-based similarity in terms of hierarchical relations within each gene ontology. The other approach identifies GO-based similarity in terms of associative relations across the three gene ontologies. We propose a novel methodology where the two approaches can be merged with ensuing benefits in coverage and accuracy. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Posse, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Christian.Posse@pnl.gov; Antonio.Sanfilippo@pnl.gov; Banu.Gopalan@pnl.gov; Rick.Riensche@pnl.gov; Nathaniel.Beagley@pnl.gov; Bob.Baddeley@pnl.gov RI Sanfilippo, Antonio/B-6743-2016 OI Sanfilippo, Antonio/0000-0001-7097-4562 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34381-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3992 BP 871 EP 878 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO13 UT WOS:000238389400116 ER PT S AU Sottile, MJ Rasmussen, CE Graham, RL AF Sottile, Matthew J. Rasmussen, Craig E. Graham, Richard L. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA TI Co-array collectives: Refined semantics for Co-array Fortran SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB Co-array notation provides a compact syntax for programming parallel programs. Co-array Fortran (CAF) introduced and implements this notation, and CAP is currently proposed as an extension to the Fortran language standard. We believe that co-array notation requires a revised semantic definition beyond that specified by CAP for both pragmatic reasons within Fortran and to make the notation attractive for incorporation into other programming languages. The revised semantics make the language model easier to understand and reduces the potential for programmer error. Furthermore, these revised semantics allow CAP to be extended to capture collective operations in co-array notation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sottile, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM matt@lanl.gov; rasmussn@lanl.gov; rlgraham@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34381-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3992 BP 945 EP 952 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO13 UT WOS:000238389400125 ER PT S AU Parashar, M Matossian, V Klie, H Thomas, SG Wheeler, MF Kurc, T Saltz, J Versteeg, R AF Parashar, Manish Matossian, Vincent Klie, Hector Thomas, Sunil G. Wheeler, Mary F. Kurc, Tahsin Saltz, Joel Versteeg, Roelof BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Towards dynamic data-driven management of the Ruby Gulch Waste Repository SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID RESERVOIR; OPTIMIZATION AB Previous work in the Instrumented Oil-Field DDDAS project has enabled a new generation of data-driven, interactive and dynamically adaptive strategies for subsurface characterization and oil reservoir management. This work has led to the implementation of advanced multiphysics, multi-scale, and multi-block numerical models and an autonomic software stack for DDDAS applications. The stack implements a Grid-based adaptive execution engine, distributed data management services for real-time data access, exploration, and coupling, and self-managing middleware services for seamless discovery and composition of components, services, and data on the Grid. This paper investigates how these solutions can be leveraged and applied to address another DDDAS application of strategic importance - the data-driven management of Ruby Gulch Waste Repository. C1 Rutgers State Univ, TASSL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Texas, CSM, ICES, Austin, TX USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Parashar, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, TASSL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM parashar@caip.rutgers.edu; vincentm@caip.rutgers.edu; klie@ices.utexas.edu; sgthomas@ices.utexas.edu; mfw@ices.utexas.edu; kurc@bmi.osu.edu; jsaltz@bmi.osu.edu; roelof.versteeg@inl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34383-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3993 BP 384 EP 392 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO20 UT WOS:000238417300052 ER PT S AU Akcelik, V Biros, G Draganescu, A Ghattas, O Hill, J Waanders, BV AF Akcelik, Volkan Biros, George Draganescu, Andrei Ghattas, Omar Hill, Judith Waanders, Bart van Bloemen BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Inversion of airborne contaminants in a regional model SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; KRYLOV-SCHUR METHODS; EQUATIONS; SOLVER; FLOWS AB We are interested in a DDDAS problem of localization of airborne contaminant releases in regional atmospheric transport models from sparse observations. Given measurements of the contaminant over an observation window at a small number of points in space, and a velocity field as predicted for example by a mesoscopic weather model, we seek an estimate of the state of the contaminant at the begining of the observation interval that minimizes the least squares misfit between measured and predicted contaminant field, subject to the convection-diffusion equation for the contaminant. Once the "initial" conditions are estimated by solution of the inverse problem, we issue predictions of the evolution of the contaminant, the observation window is advanced in time, and the process repeated to issue a new prediction, in the style of 4D-Var. We design an appropriate numerical strategy that exploits the spectral structure of the inverse operator, and leads to efficient and accurate resolution of the inverse problem. Numerical experiments verify that high resolution inversion can be carried out rapidly for a well-resolved terrain model of the greater Los Angeles area. C1 Stanford Univ, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Akcelik, V (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM volkan@slac.stanford.edu; biros@seas.upenn.edu; aidraga@sandia.gov; omar@ices.utexas.edu; jhill@sandia.gov; bartv@sandia.gov RI Draganescu, Andrei/A-1145-2007 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34383-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3993 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO20 UT WOS:000238417300064 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Huang, W Johnson, J Vaidya, S AF Liu, Yang Huang, Wayne Johnson, John Vaidya, Sheila BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI GPU accelerated Smith-Waterman SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB We present a novel hardware implementation of the double affine Smith-Waterman (DASW) algorithm, which uses dynamic programming to compare and align genomic sequences such as DNA and proteins. We implement DASW on a commodity graphics card, taking advantage of the general purpose programmability of the graphics processing unit to leverage its cheap parallel processing power. The results demonstrate that our system's performance is competitive with current optimized software packages. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liu24@llnl.gov; whuang@llnl.gov; jjohnson@llnl.gov; vaidya1@llnl.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 188 EP 195 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500029 ER PT S AU Bartlett, RA Gay, DM Phipps, ET AF Bartlett, Roscoe A. Gay, David M. Phipps, Eric T. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Automatic differentiation of C++ codes for large-scale scientific computing SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID EQUATIONS AB We discuss computing first derivatives for models based on elements, such as large-scale finite-element PDE discretizations, implemented in the C++ programming language. We use a hybrid technique of automatic differentiation (AD) and manual assembly, with local element-level derivatives computed via AD and manually summed into the global derivative. C++ templating and operator overloading work well for both forward- and reverse-mode derivative computations. We found that AD derivative computations compared favorably in time to finite differencing for a scalable finite-element discretization of a convection-diffusion problem in two dimensions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bartlett, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 525 EP 532 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500073 ER PT S AU Kim, JC Hunke, EC Lipscomb, WH AF Kim, Jong C. Hunke, Elizabeth C. Lipscomb, William H. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI A sensitivity-enhanced simulation approach for Community Climate System Model SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID SEA-ICE AB A global sea-ice modeling component of the Community Climate System Model was augumented with automatic differentiation (AD) technology. The numerical experiments were run with two problem sets of different grid sizes. Rigid ice regions with high viscous properties cause computational difficulty in the propagation of AD-based derivative computation. Pre-tuning step was required to obtain successful convergence behavior. Various thermodynamic and dynamic parameters were selected for multivariate sensitivity analysis. The major parameters controlling the sea-ice thickness/volume computation were ice and snow densitives, albedo parameters, thermal conductivities, and emissivity constant. Especially, the ice and snow albedo parameters are found to have stronger effect during melting seasons. This high seasonal variability of the thermodynamic parameters underlines the importance of the multivariate sensitivity approach in global sea-ice modeling studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kim, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jkim@mcs.anl.gov; eclare@lanl.gov; lipscomb@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500074 ER PT S AU Strout, MM Hovland, P AF Strout, Michelle Mills Hovland, Paul BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Linearity analysis for automatic differentiation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID DEPENDENCE; PROGRAM AB Linearity analysis determines which variables depend on which other variables and whether the dependence is linear or nonlinear. One of the many applications of this analysis is determining whether a loop involves only linear loop-carried dependences and therefore the adjoint of the loop may be reversed and fused with the computation of the original function. This paper specifies the data-flow equations that compute linearity analysis. In addition, the paper describes using linearity analysis with array dependence analysis to determine whether a loop-carried dependence is linear or nonlinear. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Strout, MM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 574 EP 581 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500079 ER PT S AU Kreaseck, B Ramos, L Easterday, S Strout, M Hovland, P AF Kreaseck, Barbara Ramos, Luis Easterday, Scott Strout, Michelle Hovland, Paul BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Hybrid static/dynamic activity analysis SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AB In forward mode Automatic Differentiation, the derivative program computes a function f and its derivatives, f'. Activity analysis is important for AD. Our results show that when all variables are active, the runtime checks required for dynamic activity analysis incur a significant overhead. However, when as few as half of the input variables are inactive, dynamic activity analysis enables an average speedup of 28% on a set of benchmark problems. We investigate static activity analysis combined with dynamic activity analysis as a technique for reducing the overhead of dynamic activity analysis. C1 La Sierra Univ, Riverside, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kreaseck, B (reprint author), La Sierra Univ, Riverside, CA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 582 EP 590 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500080 ER PT S AU Ward, RC Pouchard, LC Nutaro, JJ AF Ward, Richard C. Pouchard, Line C. Nutaro, James J. BE Alexandrov, VN VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, J TI Integrative computational frameworks for multiscale digital human modeling and simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2006, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Reading, ENGLAND SP Intel Corp, IBM, SGI, Microsoft Res, EPSRC, Springer, ACET Ctr, Univ Reading, SIAM, IMACS, UK e Sci Programme AB Integrated digital human modeling has seen increased interest over the last decade. We describe two efforts to develop computational frameworks for digital human modeling and describe the progress toward understanding the requirements for implementation. Both projects addressed data repository, computational environment, and visualization of results. But neither environment was a true problem-solving environment in that integration of computations with visualization capabilities was limited or absent. We detail the development of the computational environments for each effort and then provide proposals for improving the integration of the various components of a future "Digital Human" computational environment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ward, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wardrc1@ornl.gov; pouchardlc@ornl.gov; nutarojj@orn1.gov OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34385-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3994 BP 814 EP 821 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEO22 UT WOS:000238417500109 ER PT J AU Yoon, SE Manocha, D AF Yoon, Sung-Eui Manocha, Dinesh TI Cache-efficient layouts of bounding volume hierarchies SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference of the Eurographics-Association CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Eurograph Assoc, Austrian Acad Sci, Vienna Univ Technol AB We present a novel algorithm to compute cache-efficient layouts of bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) of polygonal models. Our approach does not make any assumptions about the cache parameters or block sizes of the memory hierarchy. We introduce a new probabilistic model to predict the runtime access patterns of a BVH. Our layout computation algorithm utilizes parent-child and spatial localities between the accessed nodes to reduce both the number of cache misses and the size of the working set. Our algorithm also works well for spatial partitioning hierarchies including kd-trees. We use our algorithm to compute layouts of BVHs and spatial partitioning hierarchies of large models composed of millions of triangles. We compare our cache-efficient layouts with other layouts in the context of collision detection and ray tracing. In our benchmarks, our layouts consistently show better performance over other layouts and improve the performance of these applications by 26%-300% without any modification of the underlying algorithms or runtime applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Yoon, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sungeui@cs.unc.edu; dm@cs.unc.edu RI Yoon, Sung-eui/C-1678-2011; OI Manocha, Dinesh/0000-0001-7047-9801 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0167-7055 EI 1467-8659 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2006.00970.x PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 087IT UT WOS:000240736800030 ER PT J AU Arsenlis, A Barton, NR Becker, R Rudd, RE AF Arsenlis, A. Barton, N. R. Becker, R. Rudd, R. E. TI Generalized in situ adaptive tabulation for constitutive model evaluation in plasticity SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE plasticity; constitutive models; adaptive tabulation; parameter estimation AB A database storage, search and retrieval method of constitutive model responses for use in plasticity simulations is developed to increase the computational efficiency of finite element simulations employing complex nonlinear material models. The method is based in the in situ adaptive tabulation method that has been successfully applied in the field of combustion chemistry, but is significantly modified to better handle the system of equations in plasticity. When using the database, the material response is estimated by a linear extrapolation from an appropriate database entry. This is shown to provide a response with an acceptable error tolerance. Two different example problems are chosen to demonstrate the behavior of the constitutive model estimation technique: a dynamic shock simulation, and a quasi-static inhomogeneous deformation simulation. This generalized in situ adaptive tabulation method shows promise for enabling simulations with complex multi-physics and multi-length scale constitutive descriptions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Arsenlis, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM arsenlis@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 196 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.10.031 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 105MT UT WOS:000242035000001 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Simunovic, S AF Lee, H. K. Simunovic, S. TI Prediction of crack evolution and effective elastic behavior of damage-tolerant brittle composites SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fracture-mechanics based model; nucleation and growth of microcracks; degradation of stiffness; randonfly distributed cracks and aligned cracks; experimental comparison ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; COMPUTATIONAL MODELS; DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME; FIBER COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; FAILURE; SOLIDS; DEFORMATION; STIFFNESS; SYSTEMS AB A constitutive model based on a combination of a fracture-mechanics based model and micromechanical formulations is developed to predict the crack evolution and effective mechanical behavior of damage-tolerant brittle composites. The constitutive model is cast in a rate form and considers microcrack nucleation rate and microcrack growth rate. The effective moduli of the composites containing different crack distributions are formulated using the self-consistent method and differential scheme. The constitutive model is then implemented into finite element codes to solve boundary value problems of the composites. Numerical simulations on a benchmark problem are carried out to illustrate the model features. Finally, to further assess the validity of the present framework, the present predictions are compared with experimental data on brittle composites. Published by Elsevier BN. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM leeh@kaist.ac.kr RI Lee, Haeng Ki/C-1640-2011 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 196 IS 1-3 BP 118 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.02.008 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 105MT UT WOS:000242035000010 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV AF Nukala, PKVV TI A return mapping algorithm for cyclic viscoplastic constitutive models SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE viscoplasticity; return mapping algorithms; cyclic hardening behavior; cyclic constitutive model; nonlinear kinematic rule ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; NON-PROPORTIONAL PATHS; PLASTICITY MODELS; INTEGRATION ALGORITHMS; GENERALIZED PLASTICITY; ALLOY AA6060; ELASTOPLASTICITY; EQUATIONS; FORMULATION; STABILITY AB This paper presents a return mapping algorithm for cyclic viscoplastic constitutive models that include material memory effects. The constitutive model is based on multi-component forms of kinematic and isotropic hardening variables in conjunction with von Mises yield criterion. Armstrong-Frederick (A-F) type rules are used to describe the nonlinear evolution of each of the multi-component kinematic hardening variables. A saturation type (exponential) rule is used to describe the nonlinear evolution of each of the isotropic hardening variables. The concept of memory surface is used to describe the strain range dependent material memory effects that are induced by the prior strain histories. In this paper, the above class of cyclic viscoplastic constitutive models is formulated within a consistent thermodynamic framework that encompasses the standard generalized materials framework. Furthermore, a complete algorithmic treatment of the above rate-dependent constitutive model is also presented for any desired stress or strain constrained configuration subspace. A generalized midpoint algorithm is used to integrate the rate constitutive equations. The consistent tangent operator is obtained by linearizing the return mapping algorithm, and is found to be unsymmetric due to the presence of nonlinear evolution rules for the kinematic hardening variables. Several numerical examples representing the cyclic hardening and softening behavior, transient and stabilized hysteresis behavior, and the non-fading memory effects of the material are presented. These examples demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the present algorithmic framework for modeling the cyclic viscoplastic behavior of the material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nukala, PKVV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Bldg 5700,Mail Stop 6164, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nukalapk@ornl.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 1-3 BP 148 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.01.009 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 978KO UT WOS:000232872300007 ER PT J AU Jones, RE Papadopoulos, P AF Jones, RE Papadopoulos, P TI Simulating anisotropic frictional response using smoothly interpolated traction fields SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; three-dimensional contact; friction; anisotropy; structural tensors; Lagrange multipliers ID CONTACT PROBLEMS; WEAR; ORIENTATION; INTEGRATION; INTERFACES; MONOLAYER; MODEL; LOAD AB This paper develops a constitutive description and a computational treatment of anisotropic friction within the context of the finite element method. The theoretical approach makes use of structural tensors that characterize texture, are convected with the material surfaces, and represent the symmetries that reflect changes in relative orientation of the surfaces. In the discrete setting, the texture is mapped using techniques adapted from discrete differential geometry and computer graphics. In addition, the traction fields are interpolated smoothly on the surfaces and the stick-slip condition is enforced sharply via Lagrange multipliers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jones, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rjones@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 7-8 BP 588 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.11.028 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 989VO UT WOS:000233702300007 ER PT J AU Martineau, RC Berry, RA AF Martineau, RC Berry, RA TI Characteristic boundary conditions for the two-step Taylor-Galerkin FEM SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE two-step Taylor-Galerkin; linear unstructured finite elements; characteristic boundary conditions; compatibility equations; compressible flow ID EQUATIONS; EULER AB A general framework for implementing numerical boundary conditions, based upon the rigorous application of characteristic theory, has been developed for the two-step Taylor-Galerkin FEM scheme. The method consists of solving the compatibility equations for the temporal change in characteristic variables using the first step of the two-step Taylor-Galerkin FEM. This application of characteristic boundary conditions is consistent with the spatial and temporal discretization of the two-step Taylor-Galerkin FEM. It is ideal for domains discretized with linear unstructured finite elements as time and space extrapolation from interior elements is not required. Boundary conditions are constructed from the characteristic solution for solid wall and symmetry boundaries, flow exits, and flow inlets. Two simulations are shown highlighting the performance of these boundary conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Martineau, RC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM richard.martineau@inl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 7-8 BP 742 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.02.017 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 989VO UT WOS:000233702300013 ER PT J AU Liu, WK Park, HS Qian, D Karpov, EG Kadowaki, H Wagner, GJ AF Liu, WK Park, HS Qian, D Karpov, EG Kadowaki, H Wagner, GJ TI Bridging scale methods for nanomechanics and materials SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiple scale simulations; bridging scale; finite temperature; coupling methods; molecular dynamics; finite elements; generalized Langevin equation; carbon nanotubes; dynamic fracture; quantum mechanical/continuum coupling ID COUPLED ATOMISTIC/CONTINUUM SIMULATIONS; NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MULTISCALE METHOD; CONTINUUM AB Inspired by the pioneering work of Professor T.J.R. Hughes on the variational multi-scale method, this document summarizes recent developments in multiple-scale modeling using a newly developed technique called the bridging scale. The bridging scale consists of a two-scale decomposition in which the coarse scale is simulated using continuum methods, while the fine scale is simulated using atomistic approaches, The bridging scale offers unique advantages in that the coarse and fine scales evolve on separate time scales, while the high frequency waves emitted from the fine scale are eliminated using lattice impedance techniques. Recent advances in extending the bridging scale to quantum mechanical/continuum coupling are briefly described. The method capabilities are demonstrated via quasistatic nanotube bending, dynamic crack propagation and dynamic shear banding. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Bridgestone Corp, Tokyo, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-liu@northwestern.edu RI Qian, Dong/B-2326-2008; Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Park, Harold/B-1525-2008; Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015 OI Qian, Dong/0000-0001-9367-0924; Park, Harold/0000-0001-5365-7776; NR 24 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 13-16 BP 1407 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.042 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 013VL UT WOS:000235438000006 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Gullerud, AS Heinstein, MW AF Stewart, JR Gullerud, AS Heinstein, MW TI Solution verification for explicit transient dynamics problems in the presence of hourglass and contact forces SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solution verification; verification and validation; transient dynamics; contact; hourglass control; error estimation; mesh refinement ID FINITE-ELEMENT AB This paper presents solution verification studies applicable to a class of problems involving wave propagation, frictional contact, geometrical complexity, and localized incompressibility. The studies are in support of a validation exercise of a phenomenological screw failure model. The numerical simulations are performed using a fully explicit transient dynamics finite element code, employing both standard four-node tetrahedral and eight-node mean quadrature hexa-hedral elements. It is demonstrated that verifying the accuracy of the simulation involves not only consideration of the mesh discretization error, but also the effect of the hourglass control and the contact enforcement. In particular, the proper amount of hourglass control and the behavior of the contact search and enforcement algorithms depend greatly on the mesh resolution. We carry out the solution verification exercise using mesh refinement studies and describe our systematic approach to handling the complicating issues. It is shown that hourglassing and contact must both be carefully monitored as the mesh is refined, and it is often necessary to make adjustments to the hourglass and contact user input parameters to accommodate finer meshes. We introduce in this paper the hourglass energy, which is used as an "error indicator" for the hourglass control. If the hourglass energy does not tend to zero with mesh refinement, then an hourglass control parameter is changed and the calculation is repeated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0382, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrstewa@sandia.gov; asgulle@sandia.gov; mwheins@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 13-16 BP 1499 EP 1516 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.043 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 013VL UT WOS:000235438000010 ER PT J AU Gartling, DK Dohrmann, CR AF Gartling, DK Dohrmann, CR TI Quadratic finite elements and incompressible viscous flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element; incompressible flow; pressure stabilization; iterative solver; schur complement ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SADDLE-POINT PROBLEMS; OVERLAPPING SCHWARZ METHODS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; PENALTY TERM; STABILIZATION PARAMETERS; BLOCK PRECONDITIONERS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; LINEAR ELASTICITY AB Pressure stabilization methods are applied to higher-order velocity finite elements for application to viscous incompressible flows. Both a standard pressure stabilizing Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG) method and a new polynomial pressure projection stabilization (PPPS) method have been implemented and tested for various quadratic elements in two dimensions. A preconditioner based on relaxing the incompressibility constraint is also tested for the iterative solution of saddle point problems arising from mixed Galerkin finite element approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations. The preconditioner is demonstrated for BB stable elements with discontinuous pressure approximations in two and three dimensions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gartling, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dkgartl@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 13-16 BP 1692 EP 1708 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.046 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 013VL UT WOS:000235438000020 ER PT J AU Shadid, JN Salinger, AG Pawlowski, RP Lin, PT Hennigan, GL Tuminaro, RS Lehoucq, RB AF Shadid, JN Salinger, AG Pawlowski, RP Lin, PT Hennigan, GL Tuminaro, RS Lehoucq, RB TI Large-scale stabilized FE computational analysis of nonlinear steady-state transport/reaction systems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE stabilized finite elements; transport-reaction; parallel; Newton-Krylov; domain decomposition; multilevel; steady-state continuation; bifurcation; stability analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; EIGENVALUE CALCULATIONS; COMPRESSIBLE EULER; LINEAR-STABILITY; CONVECTION; FLOW AB The solution of the governing steady transport equations for momentum, heat and mass transfer in fluids undergoing non-equilibrium chemical reactions can be extremely challenging. The difficulties arise from both the complexity of the nonlinear solution behavior as well as the nonlinear, coupled, non-symmetric nature of the system of algebraic equations that results from spatial discretization of the PDEs. In this paper, we briefly review progress on developing a stabilized finite element (FE) capability for numerical solution of these challenging problems. The discussion considers the stabilized FE formulation for the low Mach number Navier-Stokes equations with heat and mass transport with non-equilibrium chemical reactions, and the solution methods necessary for detailed analysis of these complex systems. The solution algorithms include robust nonlinear and linear solution schemes, parameter continuation methods, and linear stability analysis techniques. Our discussion considers computational efficiency.. scalability, and some implementation issues of the solution methods. Computational results are presented for a CFD benchmark problem as well as for a number of large-scale, 2D and 3D, engineering transport/reaction applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Computat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shadid, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Computat Sci Dept, POB 5800,9233,MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jnshadi@sandia.gov NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 13-16 BP 1846 EP 1871 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.05.047 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 013VL UT WOS:000235438000027 ER PT J AU Hughes, TJR Scovazzi, G Bochev, PB Buffa, A AF Hughes, TJR Scovazzi, G Bochev, PB Buffa, A TI A multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method with the computational structure of a continuous Galerkin method SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Galerkin methods ID CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS; FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; ADVECTION-DIFFUSION; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS; SHALLOW-WATER; APPROXIMATIONS AB Proliferation of degrees-of-freedom has plagued discontinuous Galerkin methodology from its inception over 30 years ago. This paper develops a new computational formulation that combines the advantages of discontinuous Galerkin methods with the data structure of their continuous Galerkin counterparts. The new method uses local, element-wise problems to project a continuous finite element space into a given discontinuous space, and then applies a discontinuous Galerkin formulation. The projection leads to parameterization of the discontinuous degrees-of-freedom by their continuous counterparts and has a variational multiscale interpretation. This significantly reduces the computational burden and, at the same time, little or no degradation of the solution occurs. In fact, the new method produces improved solutions compared with the traditional discontinuous Galerkin method in some situations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Computat & Appl Math Chair 3, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multi Phys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept 1414, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CNR, IMATI, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Hughes, TJR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Computat & Appl Math Chair 3, 201 E 24th St,ACES 5-430A,1 Univ Stn C0200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM hughes@ices.utexas.edu RI Buffa, Annalisa/C-4275-2011 OI Buffa, Annalisa/0000-0003-0384-0876 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 19-22 BP 2761 EP 2787 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2005.06.006 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 028LJ UT WOS:000236488700027 ER PT J AU Lohner, R Yang, C Cebral, J Camelli, F Soto, O Waltz, J AF Lohner, R Yang, C Cebral, J Camelli, F Soto, O Waltz, J TI Improving the speed and accuracy of projection-type incompressible flow solvers SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE incompressible flow solvers; projection schemes; multistage Runge-Kutta; LU-SGS; linelet preconditioning; FEM; CFD ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; FRACTIONAL-STEP METHOD; FREE IMPLICIT METHOD; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; MATRIX AB Superseding so-called first-generation incompressible flow solvers of the projection type (based on Taylor-Galerkin advection, second-order pressure damping and element-based data structures), the current, second-generation solvers (based on high-order upwind advection, fourth-order pressure damping and edge-based data structures) have now been in use for half a decade and have proven remarkably robust and efficient for many large-scale problems. In order to achieve higher accuracy and speed, these solvers have recently been enhanced in a variety of ways: (a) substepping for advection, (b) implicit treatment of advective terms via SGS and GMRES-LU-SGS iterative solvers, (c) fully implicit. time-accurate advancement of pressure and velocities.. and (d) linelet preconditioning for the pressure-Poisson equation. The combined effect of these third-generation improvements leads to speedups of the order of 0(1:5-1:10), with similar or even better temporal accuracy, as demonstrated on a variety of academic and industrial problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Comutat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Adv Technol Grp SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lohner, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Comutat Sci, MS 4C7, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rlohner@gmu.edu NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 23-24 BP 3087 EP 3109 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.07.058 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 032OK UT WOS:000236783800012 ER PT J AU Bartlett, RA Heinkenschloss, M Ridzal, D Waanders, BGVB AF Bartlett, Roscoe A. Heinkenschloss, Matthias Ridzal, Denis Waanders, Bart G. van Bloemen TI Domain decomposition methods for advection dominated linear-quadratic elliptic optimal control problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optimal control; domain decomposition; advection-diffusion equations; preconditioning; Robin-Robin methods; parallel computation; stabilized finite elements ID DIFFUSION PROBLEM; FLOWS; PRECONDITIONER; APPROXIMATION; STABILIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; CONVECTION; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; PENALTY AB We present an optimization-level domain decomposition (DD) preconditioner for the solution of advection dominated elliptic linearquadratic optimal control problems, which arise in many science and engineering applications. The DD preconditioner is based on a decomposition of the optimality conditions for the elliptic linear-quadratic optimal control problem into smaller subdomain optimality conditions with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the states and the adjoints on the subdomain interfaces. These subdomain optimality conditions are coupled through Robin transmission conditions for the states and the adjoints. The parameters in the Robin transmission condition depend on the advection. This decomposition leads to a Schur complement system in which the unknowns are the state and adjoint variables on the subdomain interfaces. The Schur complement operator is the sum of subdomain Schur complement operators, the application of which is shown to correspond to the solution of subdomain optimal control problems, which are essentially smaller copies of the original optimal control problem. We show that, under suitable conditions, the application of the inverse of the subdomain Schur complement operators requires the solution of a subdomain elliptic linear-quadratic optimal control problem with Robin boundary conditions for the state. Numerical tests for problems with distributed and with boundary control show that the dependence of the preconditioners on mesh size and subdomain size is comparable to its counterpart applied to a single advection dominated equation. These tests also show that the preconditioners are insensitive to the size of the control regularization parameter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat Uncertainty Est Dept 9211, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heinkenschloss, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, MS-134,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rabartl@sandia.gov; heinken@rice.edu; dridzal@caam.rice.edu; bartv@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2006 VL 195 IS 44-47 BP 6428 EP 6447 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.01.009 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 072NM UT WOS:000239680100034 ER PT S AU Endres, RG Schulthess, TC Wingreen, NS AF Endres, RG Schulthess, TC Wingreen, NS BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Preferred binding sites of gene-regulatory proteins based on the deterministic dead-end elimination algorithm SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XVI SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 16-20, 2004 CL Athens, GA ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DNA INTERACTIONS; SIDE-CHAINS; MODEL; COMPLEX; THEOREM; DESIGN; ZIF268 AB Identifying the specific DNA-binding sites of regulatory proteins is essential to understanding gene expression in the biological cell. Rather than employing statistical bioinformatics tools, we choose an atomistic approach based on the protein-DNA co-crystal structure and binding energies obtained from the AMBER force field. Our method uses the deterministic dead-end elimination and A* algorithms to search a library of discrete amino-acid sidechain rotamers and DNA basepairs for the optimal binding conformations. As an example, we search all possible 10-basepair DNA sequences (4(10)) of Zif268, a well-studied mouse regulatory protein. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NEC Labs America Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Division of Mathematical Information and Computational Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy with UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the Division of Mathematical Information and Computational Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-26564-3 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 100 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BDY88 UT WOS:000236265500012 ER PT S AU Brown, G Lee, HK Schulthess, TC AF Brown, G Lee, HK Schulthess, TC BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI C plus plus and generic programming for rapid development of Monte Carlo simulations SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XVI SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 16-20, 2004 CL Athens, GA AB Flexible coding techniques are important for enabling the solution of many problems with one application or the rapid construction of new applications through code reuse. Generic programming offers the high-performance computing community an excellent method for code reuse without loss of efficiency. Here, solutions to both problems from the psi-Mag toolset are presented. The class EHModel and its associated EHTerms can be used to calculate energies in a wide variety of spin models. An allied generic programming solution for applying Metropolis Monte Carlo to estimation of thermodynamic quantities is also given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 FU DOE Office of Science through ASCR-MICS; Computational Material Science Network of BES-DMSE; Laboratory directed Research and Development program of ORNL with UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05-00OOR22725] FX This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science through ASCR-MICS and the Computational Material Science Network of BES-DMSE as well as the Laboratory directed Research and Development program of ORNL under contract DE-AC05-00OOR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-26564-3 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 157 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BDY88 UT WOS:000236265500019 ER PT S AU Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP AF Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Including long-range interactions in atomistic modelling of diffusional phase changes SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XVI SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 16-20, 2004 CL Athens, GA ID AL-CU ALLOYS; MONTE-CARLO ALGORITHMS; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; TRACE ADDITIONS; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; SN; AG AB Phase transformations in 2xxx series aluminium alloys (Al-Cu-Mg) are investigated with an off-lattice atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo simulation incorporating the effects of strain around misfitting atoms and vacancies. Vacancy diffusion is modelled by comparing the energies of trial states, where the system is partially relaxed for each trial state. Only a limited precision is required for the energy of each trial state, determined by the value of k(B)T, Since the change in the relaxation displacement field caused by a vacancy hop decays as 1/r(3), it is sufficient to determine the next move by relaxing only those atoms in a sphere of finite radius centred on the moving vacancy. However, once the next move has been selected, the entire system is relaxed. Simulations of the early stages of phase separation in Al-Cu with elastic relaxation show an enhanced rate of clustering compared to those performed on the same system with a rigid lattice. However on a flexible lattice vacancy trapping by Mg atoms in the ternary Al-Cu-Mg system makes clustering slower than the corresponding rigid lattice calculation. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Aalto Univ, Lab Computat Engn, Helsinki 02015, Finland. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RI Mason, Daniel/B-5236-2011 FU EPSRC grant; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX D.R.M was supported by an EPSRC grant. The computer simulations were performed on Oswell, the Oxford University Supercomputer. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-26564-3 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 241 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BDY88 UT WOS:000236265500027 ER PT S AU Cohen, ML AF Cohen, M. L. BE Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI OVERVIEW: A STANDARD MODEL OF SOLIDS SO CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF MATERIALS: A STANDARD MODEL FOR GROUND - AND EXCITED-STATE PROPERTIES SE Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOPOTENTIAL METHOD; SEMICONDUCTORS; MOLECULES; DIAMOND C1 [Cohen, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0934 BN 978-0-08-046457-2; 978-0-444-50976-5 J9 CONT CONCEPT CONDENS PY 2006 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1572-0934(06)02001-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCS84 UT WOS:000311299200002 ER PT S AU Louie, SG AF Louie, S. G. BE Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI PREDICTING MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES: THEORY OF THE GROUND AND EXCITED STATE SO CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF MATERIALS: A STANDARD MODEL FOR GROUND - AND EXCITED-STATE PROPERTIES SE Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH; ELECTRON-HOLE EXCITATIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; SI(111)2X1 SURFACE; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; INELASTIC LIFETIMES; DIELECTRIC MATRICES C1 [Louie, S. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louie, S. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Louie, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0934 BN 978-0-08-046457-2; 978-0-444-50976-5 J9 CONT CONCEPT CONDENS PY 2006 BP 9 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S1572-0934(06)02002-6 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCS84 UT WOS:000311299200003 ER PT B AU Takahashi, H AF Takahashi, H BE Hagelstein, PL Chubb, SR TI Quantum field theory, and screening the coulomb potential by mobile deuterons for the low-energy nuclear reaction SO Condensed Matter Nuclear Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Fusion CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Cambridge, MA SP NY Commun Trust, New Energy Fdn AB The Coulomb potential is screened by high density mobile deuterons more than the electrons in the PdDx deuteride, and the coherent motion of deuteron might play an important role for analysis of the low-energy nuclear reaction in condensed matter. Together with the group theoretical approach used in nuclear physics, the quantum field theory might provide a sound foundation for analysis of anomalous phenomena occurs through many coherent modes interaction among the electron, deuteron and nucleus and facilitate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-564-7 PY 2006 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1142/9789812701510_0063 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEB52 UT WOS:000236565300063 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M Kowalski, K Piecuch, P Wtoch, M AF Dean, D. J. Hjorth-Jensen, M. Kowalski, K. Piecuch, P. Wtoch, M. BA Clark, JW BF Clark, JW TI Coupled-cluster theory for nuclei SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 20 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES (NOVA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2004 CL Washington Univ, St Louis, MO SP Washington, Dept Phys, Shodor Educ Fdn Inc HO Washington Univ ID EXCITED-STATES; SHELL-MODEL; FORMALISM; EQUATIONS; MOMENTS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Piecuch, Piotr/C-4435-2011 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-59454-989-2 J9 CONDENSED MATT THEOR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BGE39 UT WOS:000246300900008 ER PT B AU Baker, GA Johnson, JD AF Baker, George A., Jr. Johnson, J. D. BA Clark, JW BF Clark, JW TI Comparison of the exact series expansion with the spherical cellular model SO Condensed Matter Theories, Vol 20 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES (NOVA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2004 CL Washington Univ, St Louis, MO SP Washington, Dept Phys, Shodor Educ Fdn Inc HO Washington Univ C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-59454-989-2 J9 CONDENSED MATT THEOR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BGE39 UT WOS:000246300900018 ER PT B AU Ogawa, I Idehara, T Myodo, M Saito, T Hori, T Park, H Mazzucato, E AF Ogawa, I. Idehara, T. Myodo, M. Saito, T. Hori, T. Park, H. Mazzucato, E. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Plasma scattering measurement using a submillimeter wave gyrotron as a radiation source SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect AB Application of an intense, high quality, well-collimated probe beam is effective in improving the performance of the measurement. Such probe beam is produced by stabilization of the high frequency gyrotron output and its conversion into a Gaussian beam. C1 [Ogawa, I.; Idehara, T.; Myodo, M.; Saito, T.] Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 9108507, Japan. [Hori, T.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Park, H.; Mazzucato, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ogawa, I (reprint author), Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 9108507, Japan. EM ogawa@fir.fukui-u.ac.jp NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200069 ER PT B AU Hovenier, JN Baryshev, A Gao, JR Adam, AJL Kasalynas, I Klaassen, TO Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Hovenier, J. N. Baryshev, A. Gao, J. R. Adam, A. J. L. Kasalynas, I. Klaassen, T. O. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Hu, Q. Reno, J. L. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Phase-locking of a two-mode THz quantum cascade laser SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect AB We studied the phase locking and spectral linewidth of a 2.7 THz quantum cascade laser by mixing its two lateral lasing modes using a superconducting bolometer mixer. C1 [Hovenier, J. N.; Gao, J. R.; Adam, A. J. L.; Kasalynas, I.; Klaassen, T. O.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Kavli Inst NanoSci, Delft, Netherlands. [Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hovenier, JN (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Kavli Inst NanoSci, Delft, Netherlands. EM j.r.gao@tnw.tudelft.nl NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200133 ER PT B AU Byrd, JM Sannibale, F Martin, MC AF Byrd, J. M. Sannibale, F. Martin, M. C. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Coherent synchrotron radiation in storage rings as a broadband high power terahertz source SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect AB Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a fascinating phenomenon recently observed in electron storage rings and shows promise as a broadband source of terahertz radiation with average powers at the kilowatt levels. The ring source of CSR also has several other unique characteristics such as high repetition rate, stability, synchronization with x-rays, and shaping of the electric field pulse. However, because of the properties of the radiation and the electron beams needed to produce it, there are a number of interesting features of the storage ring that can be optimized for CSR. C1 [Byrd, J. M.; Sannibale, F.; Martin, M. C.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Byrd, JM (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JMByrd@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200159 ER PT B AU Orlova, EE Hovenier, JN Klaassen, TO Kasalynas, I Adams, AJL Gao, JR Klapwijk, TM Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Orlova, E. E. Hovenier, J. N. Klaassen, T. O. Kasalynas, I. Adams, A. J. L. Gao, J. R. Klapwijk, T. M. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Hu, Q. Reno, J. L. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Antenna model for terahertz cascade wire lasers SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect AB Highly divergent radiation is expected from lasers with sub-wavelength apertures due to diffraction. However the short range variations of intensity have been observed in the far field of THz quantum cascade lasers with sub-wavelength apertures. We developed an antenna model for long lasers with subwavelength transverse dimensions (wire lasers). Based on this model we show that the observed far field variations are formed due to the interference of the radiation from the longitudinal mode distribution. We predict that radiation from subwavelength wire laser can be concentrated in a narrow beam with a divergence determined by the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the laser. C1 [Orlova, E. E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci & Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hovenier, J. N.; Klaassen, T. O.; Kasalynas, I.; Adams, A. J. L.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst NanoSci Delft, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Orlova, EE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. EM orlova@ipm.sci-nnov.ru NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200214 ER PT B AU Gorelov, IA Callis, RW Ellis, RA Kajiwara, K Lohr, J Ponce, D AF Gorelov, I. A. Callis, R. W. Ellis, R. A. Kajiwara, K. Lohr, J. Ponce, D. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Upgrade to the ECH system on the DIII-D Tokamak SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect C1 [Gorelov, I. A.; Callis, R. W.; Kajiwara, K.; Lohr, J.; Ponce, D.] Gen Atom Co, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ellis, R. A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Gorelov, IA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM gorelov@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200220 ER PT B AU Sundaran, SK Woskov, PP Daniel, WE Miller, DH AF Sundaran, S. K. Woskov, P. P. Daniel, W. E., Jr. Miller, D. H. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Millimeter wave diagnostics for vitrification plants SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect ID EMISSIVITY AB Millimeter-wave (MMW) techniques and technologies provide robust new diagnostic tools for glass melt measurements that are addressing needs for vitrification of high level and low activity nuclear wastes in glass media at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) in Savannah River and the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) under construction at Hanford. Over the past seven years, we have demonstrated real-time measurement of several glass melt parameters, e.g., viscosity, cold-cap temperature, foaming, and pouring. An overview of MMW diagnostics for vitrification plants is presented. C1 [Sundaran, S. K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Woskov, P. P.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Daniel, W. E., Jr.; Miller, D. H.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Sundaran, SK (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER639787] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER639787. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200357 ER PT B AU Hao, Z Martin, MC Harteneck, B Liddle, A AF Hao, Zhao Martin, Michael C. Harteneck, Bruce Liddle, Alex BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI Nano-scale metamaterials: Fabrication and optical measurements from THz towards visible SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect ID REFRACTION AB We have designed, fabricated, and optically measured several different nano-scale metamaterials. We employ e-beam nano-lithography technology at LBNL's CXRO for fabricating these structures on extremely thin SiN substrates so that they are close to free-standing. Optical properties were measured as a function of incidence angle and polarization using the ALS synchrotron IR beamlines. We directly observe strong magnetic resonances consistent with negative magnetic permeability in our samples at THz through near-IR optical frequencies. We will compare the results to detailed simulations. Finally, we will report on our progress towards constructing a negative index of refraction nano-scale metamaterial. C1 [Hao, Zhao; Martin, Michael C.; Harteneck, Bruce; Liddle, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hao, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MCMartin@lb1.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 541 EP 541 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200538 ER PT B AU Klopf, JM Neil, GR Williams, GP AF Klopf, J. Michael Neil, George R. Williams, Gwyn P. BE Shen, XC Lu, W Zhang, J Dou, WB TI The Jefferson lab high power THz facility SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2006 JOINT 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 18-22, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, SE Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter, IEEE Shanghai Sub Sect, Shanghai Int Culture Assoc, Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Inst Elect AB Jefferson Lab has commissioned a high power terahertz source facility utilizing the broadband (5 cm(-1) to visible) output of the JLab IR Demo FEL accelerator. Synchrotron and edge radiation from the 300 fs relativistic electron beam pulses at up to 75 MHz repetition rate is imaged in a User Lab where it is analyzed and made available for experiments. A number of state-of-the-art diagnostic tools are available for use with the beam. This talk will present the results of early studies on the beam. C1 [Klopf, J. Michael; Neil, George R.; Williams, Gwyn P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Klopf, JM (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM neil@jlab.org FU U.S DOE; DOD FX Work supported by the U.S. DOE and DOD. We are indebted to Paul Dumas and Oleg Chubar for the SRW calculations, and to Larry Carr and Wayne McKinney for valuable discussions in the design phase. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0399-8 PY 2006 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGH25 UT WOS:000246942200562 ER PT B AU Jani, O Honsberg, C Huang, Y Song, JO Ferguson, I Namkoong, G Trybus, E Doolittle, A Kurtz, S AF Jani, Omkar Honsberg, Christiana Huang, Yong Song, June-O Ferguson, Ian Namkoong, Gon Trybus, Elaissa Doolittle, Alan Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Design, growth, fabrication and characterization of high-band gap InGaN/GaN solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; INN; EPITAXY; ALLOYS; ENERGY; STRAIN AB One of the key requirements to achieve solar conversion efficiencies greater than 50% is a photovoltaic device with a band gap of 2.4 eV or greater. InxGa1-xN is one of a few alloys that can meet this key requirement. InGaN with indium compositions varying from 0 to 40% is grown by both metal-organic, chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and studied for suitability in photovoltaic applications. Structural characterization is done using X-ray diffraction, while optical properties are measured using photoluminescence and absorption-transmission measurements. These material properties are used to design various configurations of solar cells in PC1D. Solar cells are grown and fabricated using methods derived from the III-N LED and photodetector technologies. The fabricated solar cells have open-circuit voltages around 2.4 V and internal quantum efficiencies as high as 60%. Major loss mechanisms in these devices are identified and methods to further improve efficiencies are discussed. C1 [Jani, Omkar; Huang, Yong; Song, June-O; Ferguson, Ian; Namkoong, Gon; Trybus, Elaissa; Doolittle, Alan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Honsberg, Christiana] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jani, O (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Huang, Yong/F-4283-2011 OI Huang, Yong/0000-0001-6327-3602 FU U.S. D.O.E; National Renewable Energy Laboratories FX This work was partially funded by DARPA/ARO Agreement No.: W911NF-05-9-0005. This work was also supported by U.S. D.O.E. and the National Renewable Energy Laboratories, monitored by Dr. Robert McConnell and Dr. Martha Symko-Davies, and the Office of Naval Research, monitored by Dr. Colin Wood. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600006 ER PT B AU Nozik, AJ AF Nozik, A. J. GP IEEE TI Exciton multiplication and relaxation dynamics in quantum dots: Applications to ultra-high efficiency solar photon conversion SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID IMPACT IONIZATION; MOLECULAR PHOTOVOLTAICS; ELECTRON RELAXATION; CELL EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTORS; PBS; GENERATION; PARTICLES; SILICON; CDSE AB We show how semiconductor quantum dots may greatly increase photon conversion efficiencies by producing multiple excitons from a single photon. This is possible because quantization of energy levels in quantum dots enhances Auger processes, eliminates the requirement to conserve crystal momentum, and thus promotes multiple exciton generation, Quantum yields of 300% for exciton formation in PbSe, PbS, and PbTe quantum dots have been reported at photon energies about 4 times the HOMO-LUMO transition energy (QD bandgap), indicating the formation of 3 excitons/photon for all photoexcited quantum dots. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600010 ER PT B AU Symko-Davies, M McConnell, R Posey-Eddy, F AF Symko-Davies, Martha McConnell, Robert Posey-Eddy, Fannie GP IEEE TI Future generation technology status within the High-Performance PV Project SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CELLS AB The High-Performance Photovoltaic (HPPV) Project provides funding to NREL in-house and university teams developing high-risk innovative concepts. Research emphases include organic solar cells and novel solar conversion processes having potential for ultra-high efficiency ("Third Generation," > 50%) and very low cost. Future generation PV technologies are defined as those not in production and not expected to enter production soon because additional long-term research, development, and innovation are needed. This paper will address some of the recent research accomplishments in the research efforts underway in the subcontracted area. C1 [Symko-Davies, Martha; McConnell, Robert; Posey-Eddy, Fannie] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Symko-Davies, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; NREL FX This work is supported under DOE Contract No.DE-AC36-99GO10337 with NREL. Many people have contributed to the development of the HPPV Project and to the R&D efforts carried out in this program. The authors thank the NREL Future Generation subcontractors, the University of Princeton, Northwestern University, CU Boulder, and the University of Delaware. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600044 ER PT B AU van de Lagemaat, J Barnes, T Rumbles, G Coutts, TJ Shaheen, SE AF van de Lagemaat, Jao Barnes, Teresa Rumbles, Garry Coutts, Timothy J. Shaheen, Sean E. GP IEEE TI Efficient organic excitonic solar cells with carbon nanotubes replacing In2O3 : Sn as the transparent electrode SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; DEVICES AB We report two organic excitonic solar cell structures with the conventional ITO anode replaced by a thin single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) layer. The first structure, SWCNT/PEDOT/P3HT:PCBM/Al, gave a nonoptimized device efficiency of 2.61%, which is competitive with ITO-based devices. The second, SWCNT/P3HT:PCBM/Al, is unique, as it did not use PEDOT as a hole selective contact. This had a promising efficiency of 1.43%. The open structure of the SWCNT network, and its inherent compatibility with the chlorobenzene solvent used to deposit the P3HT:PCBM, allow for intimate intermixing with the active layers of the device and the elimination of PEDOT. The strong rectifying behavior of the device shows that nanotubes are selective for holes and are not recombination sites in the active layer of the device. This excitonic solar cell is the first measurably efficient organic device produced without ITO and PEDOT. C1 [van de Lagemaat, Jao; Barnes, Teresa; Rumbles, Garry; Coutts, Timothy J.; Shaheen, Sean E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EIKOS Inc, Franklin, TN USA. RP van de Lagemaat, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600046 ER PT B AU Perkins, JD van Hest, MFAM Teplin, CW Alleman, JL Dabney, MS Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM To, B Ginley, DS Taylor, MP Readey, DW AF Perkins, J. D. van Hest, M. F. A. M. Teplin, C. W. Alleman, J. L. Dabney, M. S. Gedvilas, L. M. Keyes, B. M. To, B. Ginley, D. S. Taylor, M. P. Readey, D. W. GP IEEE TI Amorphous transparent conducting oxides (TCOS) deposited at T <= 100 degrees C SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We have employed a combinatorial high-throughput approach to explore transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials deposited at T-S <= 100 degrees C. For In-Zn-O (IZO) thin films deposited by sputtering from ceramic metal oxide targets at 100 degrees C in argon, a broad maximum in the as-deposited conductivity is found for x similar to 0.55 to 0.85 in InxZn1-xOy with sigma(max) approximate to 3000 Omega(-1)-cm(-1) for x approximate to 0.8. This conductivity maximum correlates with the composition range found to be amorphous. These amorphous In-Zn-O (a-IZO) films are smooth, with an RMS roughness of similar to 0.3 nm. Post-deposition annealing experiments show that the a-IZO materials remain amorphous after 1 hour anneals at up to 600 degrees C in either air or argon. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Teplin, C. W.; Alleman, J. L.; Dabney, M. S.; Gedvilas, L. M.; Keyes, B. M.; To, B.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Taylor, M. P.; Readey, D. W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600051 ER PT B AU Gowrishankar, V Scully, SR McGehee, MD Wang, Q Branz, H AF Gowrishankar, Vignesh Scully, Shawn R. McGehee, Michael D. Wang, Qi Branz, Howard GP IEEE TI Amorphous-silicon/polymer solar cells and key design rules for hybrid solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SILICON AB Hybrid solar cells combine the advantages of organic and inorganic materials. We report on the fabrication and performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a-Si:H/poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) solar cells. The a-Si:H/P3HT system is found to be almost as efficient as titania/P3HT systems. However, the a-Si:H/MEH-PPV system exhibits poorer efficiency vis-a-vis a-Si:H/P3HT and titania/MEH-PPV. This is hypothesized to be due to enhanced energy transfer from MEH-PPV to a-Si:H, coupled with inefficient backward hole transfer, due to the small offset between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of MEW PPV and the valence band edge of a-Si:H, and the extended valence bandtail states in a-Si:H. C1 [Gowrishankar, Vignesh; Scully, Shawn R.; McGehee, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wang, Qi; Branz, Howard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gowrishankar, V (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU U.S. Dept of Energy (DOE); Global Climate and Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX Stanford authors acknowledge the U.S. Dept of Energy (DOE) and Global Climate and Energy Project for funding. NREL work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600053 ER PT B AU Weeks, C Peltola, J Levitsky, I Glatkowski, P van de Lagemaat, J Rumbles, G Barnes, T Coutts, T AF Weeks, Chris Peltola, Jorma Levitsky, Igor Glatkowski, Paul van de Lagemaat, Jao Rumbles, Garry Barnes, Teresa Coutts, Tim GP IEEE TI Single-wall carbon nanotubes as transparent electrodes for photovoltaics SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Transparent and electrically conductive coatings and films have a variety of uses in the fast-growing field of optoelectronic applications. Transparent electrodes typically include semi-conductive metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), and conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), doped and stabilized with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In recent years, Eikos, Inc. has conceived and developed technologies to deliver novel alternatives using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). These technologies offer products having a broad range of conductivity, excellent transparency, neutral color tone, good adhesion, abrasion resistance as well as mechanical robustness. Additional benefits include ease of ambient processing and patterning capability. This paper reports our recent findings on achieving 2.6% and 1.4% efficiencies on non-optimized organic photovoltaic cells employing SWNT as a transparent electrode. C1 [Weeks, Chris; Peltola, Jorma; Levitsky, Igor; Glatkowski, Paul] Eikos Inc, Franklin, MA USA. [van de Lagemaat, Jao; Rumbles, Garry; Barnes, Teresa; Coutts, Tim] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Weeks, C (reprint author), Eikos Inc, Franklin, MA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 295 EP 297 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600076 ER PT B AU Noufi, R Zweibel, K AF Noufi, Rommel Zweibel, Ken GP IEEE TI High-efficiency CdTe and CIGS thin-film solar cells: Highlights and challenges SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules of CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) have the potential to reach cost-effective PV-generated electricity. These technologies have transitioned from the laboratory to the market place. Pilot production and first-time manufacturing are ramping up to higher capacity and enjoying a flood of venture-capital funding. CIGS solar cells and modules have achieved 19.5% and 13% efficiencies, respectively. Likewise, CdTe cells and modules have reached 16.5% and 10.2% efficiencies, respectively. Even higher efficiencies from the laboratory and from the manufacturing line are only a matter of time. Manufacturing-line yield continues to improve and is surpassing 85%. Long-term stability has been demonstrated for both technologies; however, some failures in the field have also been observed, emphasizing the critical need for understanding degradation mechanisms and packaging options. These two thin-film technologies have a common device/module structure: substrate, base electrode, absorber, junction layer, top electrode, patterning steps for monolithic integration, and encapsulation. The monolithic integration of thin-film solar cells can lead to significant manufacturing cost reduction compared to crystalline Si technology. The CdTe and CIGS modules share common structural elements. In principle, this commonality should lead to similar manufacturing cost per unit area, and thus, the module efficiency becomes the discriminating factor that determines the cost per waft. The long-term potential of the two technologies require R&D emphasis on science and engineering-based challenges to find solutions to achieve targeted cost-effective module performance, and in-field durability. Some of the challenges are common to both, e.g., in-situ process control and diagnostics, thinner absorber, understanding degradation mechanisms, protection from water vapor, and innovation in high-speed processing and module design. Other topics are specific to the technology, such as lower-cost and fast-deposition processes for CIGS, and improved back contact and voltage for CdTe devices. C1 [Noufi, Rommel; Zweibel, Ken] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Noufi, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so,for United States Government purposes. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600082 ER PT B AU Metzger, WK Romero, MJ Dippo, P Young, M AF Metzger, W. K. Romero, M. J. Dippo, P. Young, M. GP IEEE TI Characterizing recombination in CdTe solar cells with time-resolved photoluminescence SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) computer simulations demonstrate that under certain experimental conditions it is possible to assess recombination in CdTe solar cells in spite of the junction. This is supported by experimental findings that open-circuit voltage (V-oc) is dependent on lifetime in a manner consistent with device theory. Measurements on inverted structures show that the CdCl2 treatment significantly reduces recombination in the CdTe layer without S diffusion. However, S diffusion is required for lifetimes comparable to those observed in high-efficiency solar cells. The results indicate that substrate solar cells can be fabricated with recombination lifetimes similar to superstrate cells. C1 [Metzger, W. K.; Romero, M. J.; Dippo, P.; Young, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Metzger, WK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600094 ER PT B AU Ramanathan, K Noufi, R To, B Young, DL Bhattacharya, R Contreras, MA Dhere, RG Teeter, G AF Ramanathan, K. Noufi, R. To, B. Young, D. L. Bhattacharya, R. Contreras, M. A. Dhere, R. G. Teeter, G. GP IEEE TI Processing and properties of sub-micron CIGS solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID FILMS AB We report on the progress in fabricating CIGS solar cells where the absorber thickness is nominally about 1-mu m. This is done with the objective of reducing the material cost in large-volume production of CIGS where the cost of the high-purity metals, and especially that of In, will become significant factors. At the present time, we have fabricated a 17.1% efficient solar cell for a 1-mu m thick CIGS absorber, and this is arguably the best result for this thickness. Further improvements can be made by optimizing the absorber bandgap and minimizing the window layer losses. We compare the properties of thin films and solar cells fabricated by the three-stage process and co-evaporation. The effect of absorber bandgap and bandgap grading are discussed with the help of experimental data. An analysis of the mechanisms that contribute to the loss of performance in thin cells is provided. C1 [Ramanathan, K.; Noufi, R.; To, B.; Young, D. L.; Bhattacharya, R.; Contreras, M. A.; Dhere, R. G.; Teeter, G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article forpublication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600096 ER PT B AU von Roedern, B Ullal, HS Zweibel, K AF von Roedern, Bolko Ullal, Harin S. Zweibel, Ken GP IEEE TI Polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaics: From the laboratory to solar fields SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CELLS AB We review the status of commercial polycrystalline thinfilm solar cells and photovoltaic (PV) modules, including current and projected commercialization activities. C1 [von Roedern, Bolko; Ullal, Harin S.; Zweibel, Ken] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP von Roedern, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bolko_von_roedern@nrel.gov FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600097 ER PT B AU Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Jiang, CS Gessert, T Duda, A Young, M Metzger, WK Li, X Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, H. R. Dhere, R. G. Jiang, C. -S. Gessert, T. Duda, A. Young, M. Metzger, W. K. Li, X. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI Cross-sectional conductive atomic force microscopy of CdTe/CdS solar cells: Effects of etching and back-contact processes SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID FILMS; CU AB We investigated the effects of the etching processes using bromine and nitric-phosphoric acid solutions, as well as of Cu, in the bulk electrical conductivity of CdTe/CdS solar cells using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). Although the etching process can create a conductive layer on the surface of the CdTe, the layer is very shallow. In contrast, the addition of a thin layer of Cu to the surface creates a conductive layer inside the CdTe that is not uniform in depth, is concentrated at grains boundaries, and may short circuit the device if the CdTe is too thin. The etching process facilitates the Cu diffusion and results in thicker conductive layers. The existence of this inhomogeneous conductive layer directly affects the current transport and is probably the reason for needing thick CdTe in these devices. C1 [Moutinho, H. R.; Dhere, R. G.; Jiang, C. -S.; Gessert, T.; Duda, A.; Young, M.; Metzger, W. K.; Li, X.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-, 99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36- 99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600102 ER PT B AU Contreras, M Barnes, T van de Lagemaat, J Rumbles, G Coutts, TJ Weeks, C Glatkowski, P Levitsky, I Peltola, J AF Contreras, Miguel Barnes, Teresa van de Lagemaat, Jao Rumbles, Garry Coutts, Timothy J. Weeks, Chris Glatkowski, Paul Levitsky, Igor Peltola, Jorma GP IEEE TI Application of single-wall carbon nanotubes as transparent electrodes in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2-based solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We present a new thin-film solar cell structure in which the traditional transparent conductive oxide electrode (ZnO) is replaced by a transparent conductive coating consisting of a network of bundled single-wall carbon nanotubes. Optical transmission properties of these coatings are presented in relation to their electrical properties (sheet resistance), along with preliminary solar cell results from devices made using Culn(1-x)Ga(x)Se(2) thin-film absorber materials. Achieving an energy conversion efficiency of > 12% and a quantum efficiency of similar to 80% demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. A discussion of the device structures will be presented considering the physical properties of the new electrodes comparing current-voltage results from the new solar cell structure and those from standard ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2/Mo solar cells. C1 [Contreras, Miguel; Barnes, Teresa; van de Lagemaat, Jao; Rumbles, Garry; Coutts, Timothy J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Weeks, Chris; Glatkowski, Paul; Levitsky, Igor; Peltola, Jorma] EIKOS Inc, Franklin, MA 02038 USA. RP Contreras, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36- 99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36- 99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paidup, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600108 ER PT B AU Gessert, TA Asher, S Johnston, S Duda, A Young, MR Moriarty, T AF Gessert, T. A. Asher, S. Johnston, S. Duda, A. Young, M. R. Moriarty, T. GP IEEE TI FORMATION OF ZnTe:Cu/Ti CONTACTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE FOR CdS/CdTe DEVICES SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS AB We study the performance of CdS/CdTe thin-film devices contacted with ZnTe:Cu/Ti of various thickness at a higher-than-optimum temperature of similar to 360 degrees C. At this temperature, optimum device performance requires the same thickness of ZnTe:Cu as for similar contacts formed at a lower temperature of 320 degrees C. C-V analysis indicates that a ZnTe:Cu layer thickness of 32%) Concentrator Ultra Triple Junction (CUTJ) solar cells from Spectrolab, resulting in system power and energy performance improvement of more than 50% compared to the silicon cells. The 0.235 m(2) concentrator PV receiver, designed for continuous 500X operation, is composed of 64 dense array modules, and made of series and parallel-connected solar cells, totaling approximately 1,500 cells. The individual dense array modules have been tested under high intensity pulsed light, as well as with concentrated sunlight at the Solar Systems research facility and at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's High Flux Solar Furnace. The efficiency of the dense array modules ranges from 30% to 36% at 500X (50 W/cm(2), AM1.5D low AOD, 21C). The temperature coefficients for power, voltage and current, as well as the influence of Air Mass on the cell responsivity, were measured. The reliability of the dense array multijunction III-V modules has been studied with accelerated aging tests, such as thermal cycling, damp heat and high-temperature soak, and with real-life high-intensity exposure. The first 33 kWp multijunction Ill-V receiver was recently installed in a Solar Systems dish and tested in real-life 500X concentrated sunlight conditions. Receiver efficiencies of 30.3% and 29.0% were measured at Standard Operating Conditions and Normal Operating Conditions respectively. C1 [Verlinden, Pierre J.; Lewandowski, Allan; Lasich, John B.] Solar Syst Pty Ltd, 6 Luton Lane, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Bingham, Cad] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kinsey, Geoffrey S.; Sherif, Raed A.] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Verlinden, PJ (reprint author), Solar Syst Pty Ltd, 6 Luton Lane, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600153 ER PT B AU Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Norman, AG Wanlass, MW Kurtz, SR AF Friedman, D. J. Geisz, J. F. Norman, A. G. Wanlass, M. W. Kurtz, S. R. GP IEEE TI 0.7-eV GaInAs junction for A GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs(1eV)/GaInAs(0.7eV) four-junction solar cell SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We discuss recent developments in III-V multijunction solar cells, focusing on adding a fourth junction to the Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ga0.75In0.25As inverted three-junction cell. This cell, grown inverted on GaAs so that the lattice-mismatched Ga0.75In0.25As third junction is the last one grown, has demonstrated 38% efficiency, and 40% is likely in the near future. To achieve still further gains, a lower-bandgap GaxIn1-xAs fourth junction could be added to the three-junction structure for a four-junction cell whose efficiency could exceed 45% under concentration. Here, we present the initial development of the GaxIn1-xAs fourth junction. Junctions of various bandgaps ranging from 0.88 to 0.73 eV were grown, in order to study the effect of the different amounts of lattice mismatch. At a bandgap of 0.88 eV, junctions were obtained with very encouraging similar to 80% quantum efficiency, 57% fill factor, and 0.36 eV open-circuit voltage. The device performance degrades with decreasing bandgap (i.e., increasing lattice mismatch). We model the four-junction device efficiency vs. fourth junction bandgap to show that an 0.7-eV fourth-junction bandgap, while optimal if it could be achieved in practice, is not necessary; an 0.9-eV bandgap would still permit significant gains in multijunction cell efficiency while being easier to achieve than the lower-bandgap junction. C1 [Friedman, D. J.; Geisz, J. F.; Norman, A. G.; Wanlass, M. W.; Kurtz, S. R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX We thank C. Kramer, M. Young, and A. Kibbler for growth and processing support, and J. Kiehl for concentrator measurements. This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 598 EP 602 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600154 ER PT B AU Kim, HC Fthenakis, VM AF Kim, H. C. Fthenakis, V. M. GP IEEE TI Life cycle energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions from an Amonix high concentrator photovoltaic system SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID PAYBACK AB With a growing demand for renewable energy, attention is drawn to concentrator photovoltaic (PV) systems, which require minimal amount of high efficiency solar cell materials. We investigate select life cycle environmental metrics for the 24 kW Amonix concentrator PV system. The results show that this system pays back the initial energy investment for its production in 1.3 yrs and generates life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh for Phoenix, AZ. In contrast with flat-plate systems which generate most GHG emissions during the production of solar cells, the concentrator frames and the tracker are the most important sources of energy use and emissions while the cell materials contribute negligible effects. C1 [Kim, H. C.; Fthenakis, V. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 628 EP 631 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600160 ER PT B AU Rumyantsev, VD Sadchikov, NA Chalov, AE Ionova, EA Friedman, DJ Glenn, G AF Rumyantsev, V. D. Sadchikov, N. A. Chalov, A. E. Ionova, E. A. Friedman, D. J. Glenn, G. GP IEEE TI Terrestrial concentrator PV modules based on GaInP/GaAs/Ge TK cells and minilens panels SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper is a description of research activity in the field of cost-effective modules realizing the concept of very high solar concentration with small-aperture area Fresnel lenses and multijunction III-V cells. Structural simplicity and "all-glass" design are the guiding principles of the corresponding development. The advanced concentrator modules are made with silicone Fresnel lens panels (from 8 up to 144 lenses, each lens is 4 x 4 cm(2) in aperture area) with composite structure. GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cells with average efficiencies of 31.1 and 34.7% at 1000 suns were used for the modules. Conversion efficiency as high as 26.3% has been measured indoors in a test module using a newly developed large-area solar simulator. C1 [Rumyantsev, V. D.; Sadchikov, N. A.; Chalov, A. E.; Ionova, E. A.] Ioffe Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Friedman, D. J.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Glenn, G.] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Rumyantsev, VD (reprint author), Ioffe Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Rumyantsev, Valery/C-7685-2014; Sadchikov, Nikolay/E-4348-2014; Ionova, Evgenija/E-6245-2014 FU IPP Program [AAT-3-32614-01] FX The authors would like to thank M.Z.Shvarts for help in outdoor measurements. This work has been supported in part by IPP Program under Subcontract AAT-3-32614-01. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 632 EP 635 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600161 ER PT B AU Ji, L McConnell, R AF Ji, Liang McConnell, Robert GP IEEE TI New qualification test procedures for concentrator photovoltaic modules and assemblies SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper describes proposed new international CPV (Concentrator Photovoltaics) standard IEC 62108 Draft 8d which include: 1) new test-sequence charts that allow for the separation of samples to conduct on-site witness and in-lab testing; 2) using smaller representative samples to replace the full-size samples that are often too large to fit into testing chambers or result in expensive qualification testing programs; 3) providing several maximum temperature limit options for thermal-cycling tests to accommodate module designs that use different plastic materials; 4) adding an electric, current cycle to the thermal-cycling test so that integrated modules can operate simultaneously at low temperature, to stress optical parts, and at high temperatures, to stress cell designs; and 5) selecting a type passing criterion that does not allow significant power degradation, within the measurement repeatability range for the outdoor exposure test, because it is not an accelerated lifetime test. C1 [Ji, Liang] Underwriters Labs Inc, 333 Pfingsten Rd, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. [McConnell, Robert] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), Underwriters Labs Inc, 333 Pfingsten Rd, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; Laboratories Inc. FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. The authors would also like to thank Underwriters Laboratories Inc. for their support. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 721 EP 724 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600184 ER PT B AU Wanlass, M Ahrenkiel, P Albin, D Carapella, J Duda, A Emery, K Friedman, D Geisz, J Jones, K Kibbler, A Kiehl, J Kurtz, S McMahon, W Moriarty, T Olson, J Ptak, A Romero, M Ward, S AF Wanlass, Mark Ahrenkiel, Phil Albin, David Carapella, Jeff Duda, Anna Emery, Keith Friedman, Daniel Geisz, John Jones, Kim Kibbler, Alan Kiehl, James Kurtz, Sarah McMahon, William Moriarty, Tom Olson, Jerry Ptak, Aaron Romero, Manuel Ward, Scoff GP IEEE TI Monolithic, ultra-thin GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs tandem solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We present here a new approach to tandem cell design that offers near-optimum subcell bandgaps, as well as other special advantages related to cell fabrication, operation, and cost reduction. Monolithic, ultra-thin GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs triple-bandgap tandem solar cells use this new approach, which involves inverted epitaxial growth, handle mounting, and parent substrate removal. The optimal similar to 1 -eV bottom subcell in the tandem affords an similar to 300 mV increase in the tandem voltage output when compared to conventional Ge-based, triple-junction tandem cells, leading to a potential relative performance improvement of 10-12% over the current state of the art. Recent performance results and advanced design options are discussed. C1 [Wanlass, Mark; Ahrenkiel, Phil; Albin, David; Carapella, Jeff; Duda, Anna; Emery, Keith; Friedman, Daniel; Geisz, John; Jones, Kim; Kibbler, Alan; Kiehl, James; Kurtz, Sarah; McMahon, William; Moriarty, Tom; Olson, Jerry; Ptak, Aaron; Romero, Manuel; Ward, Scoff] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wanlass, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U. S. Department of Energy (under Contract DE-AC36-99GO10337) for this work. We also thank Charlene Kramer and Michelle Young for assistance with the epitaxial growth and device processing, respectively, of the ultra-thin GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs tandem devices. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 729 EP 732 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600186 ER PT B AU McConnell, R Symko-Davies, M AF McConnell, Robert Symko-Davies, Martha GP IEEE TI Multijunction photovoltaic technologies for high-performance concentrators SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Multijunction solar cells provide high-performance technology pathways leading to potentially low-cost electricity generated from concentrated sunlight. The National Center for Photovoltaics at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has funded different III-V multijunction solar cell technologies and various solar concentration approaches. Within this group of projects, III-V solar cell efficiencies of 41% are close at hand and will likely be reported in these conference proceedings. Companies with well-developed solar concentrator structures foresee installed system costs of $3/watt-half of today's costs-within the next 2 to 5 years as these high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies are incorporated into their concentrator photovoltaic systems. These technology improvements are timely as new large-scale multi-megawatt markets, appropriate for high performance PV concentrators, open around the world. C1 [McConnell, Robert; Symko-Davies, Martha] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DEAC36-99GO10337]; NREL FX This work is supported under DOE Contract No. DEAC36-99GO10337 with NREL. Many people in both organizations have contributed to the development and implementation of the High-Performance PV Project. The authors thank the NREL High-Performance III-V Multijunction Concentrator Group and all of the HighPerformancePV subcontractors. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 733 EP 736 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600187 ER PT B AU Donetsky, D Anikeev, S Gu, N Dashiell, M Ehsani, H Newman, F Wanlass, M Wang, C AF Donetsky, D. Anikeev, S. Gu, N. Dashiell, M. Ehsani, H. Newman, F. Wanlass, M. Wang, C. GP IEEE TI Effects of zinc and tellurium doping on minority carrier recombination in lattice-matched and lattice-mismatched InGaAs/InP epitaxial layers and thermophotovoltaic cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The results of study of minority carrier lifetime in p-type and n-type InGaAs double heterostrcutures (DH) and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells with InPAs step-graded buffer layers grown on InP substrates are summarized. The active layer carrier concentration was varied in the range from 10(15) to 10(18) cm(-3). The carder lifetime constants were determined from photoluminescence (PL) transient and frequency responses under low-injection conditions. The rapid decrease of electron lifetime with decrease of excitation was observed in p-type InGaAs DHs and was attributed to capture of electrons on positively-charged deep-donor recombination centers. It was found that Te-doping of the InPAs buffer layers improves the low-injection electron lifetime. Temperature dependences of radiative efficiency and minority carrier lifetime were studied in sets of DHs with different doping level in order to separate the radiative and non-radiative recombination processes. C1 [Donetsky, D.; Anikeev, S.; Gu, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dashiell, M.; Ehsani, H.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. [Newman, F.] Emcore Corp, Albuquerque 87123, NM USA. [Wang, C.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington 02420, MA USA. [Wanlass, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Donetsky, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 764 EP 767 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600195 ER PT B AU Tanabe, K Aiken, DJ Wanlass, MW Morral, AFI Atwater, HA AF Tanabe, Katsuaki Aiken, Daniel J. Wanlass, Mark W. Fontcuberla I Morral, Anna Atwater, Harty A. GP IEEE TI Lattice-mismatched monolithic GaAs/INGAAS two-junction solar cells by direct wafer bonding SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Direct bonded interconnect between subcells of a lattice-mismatched III-V compound multijunction cell would enable dislocation-free active regions by confining the defect network needed for lattice mismatch accommodation to tunnel junction interfaces, while metamorphic growth inevitably results in less design flexibility and lower material quality than is desirable. The first direct-bond interconnected multijunction solar cell, a two-terminal monolithic GaAs/InGaAs two-junction solar cell, is reported and demonstrates viability of direct wafer bonding for solar cell applications. The tandem cell open-circuit voltage was approximately the sum of the subcell open-circuit voltages. This achievement shows direct bonding enables us to construct lattice-mismatched III-V multijunction solar cells and is extensible to an ultrahigh efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAsP/InGaAs four-junction cell by bonding a GaAs-based lattice-matched InGaP/GaAs subcell and an InP-based lattice-matched InGaAsP/InGaAs subcell. The interfacial resistance experimentally obtained for bonded GaAs/InP smaller than 0.10 Ohm-cm(2) would result in a negligible decrease in overall cell efficiency of similar to 0.02%, under 1-sun illumination. C1 [Tanabe, Katsuaki; Fontcuberla I Morral, Anna; Atwater, Harty A.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aiken, Daniel J.] Emcore Photovolta, Albuquerque 87123, NM USA. [Wanlass, Mark W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fontcuberla I Morral, Anna; Atwater, Harty A.] Aonex Technol, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Tanabe, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Fontcuberta i Morral, Anna/B-9884-2008 FU NASA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by NASA and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Alireza Ghaffari, Robert Walters of the California Institute of Technology and James Zahler of the Aonex Technologies are acknowledged for their technical support in development of the bonding process and the electrical measurements. One of the authors (KT) was supported in part by the Japanese ITO Scholarship for International Education Exchange. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 768 EP 771 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600196 ER PT B AU Geisz, JF Olson, JM Romero, MJ Jiang, CS Norman, AG AF Geisz, J. F. Olson, J. M. Romero, M. J. Jiang, C. S. Norman, A. G. GP IEEE TI Lattice-mismatched GaAsP solar cells grown on silicon by OMVPE SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BUFFER LAYERS; SI; GAP AB We report on lattice-mismatched GaAs0.7P0.3 solar cells grown on silicon substrates. This composition of GaAs0.7P0.3 has a band gap of about 1.7 eV and is well suited as the top junction of a III-V / Si two-junction tandem solar cell. Using a thin, high-quality GaP nucleation layer, a lattice-matched GaN0.02P0.98 buffer layer, and a compositionally graded GaAsxP1-x buffer layer, the threading dislocation densities was reduced to less than 10(8) cm(-2) in the active region. The efficiencies of these single-junction cells without any antireflection coatings were as high has 9.8% under the AM1.5G spectrum. The quality of these solar cells based on V-oc is comparable to the best III-V solar cells ever grown on S! substrates with a III-V buffer. C1 [Geisz, J. F.; Olson, J. M.; Romero, M. J.; Jiang, C. S.; Norman, A. G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This research was funded by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 772 EP 775 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600197 ER PT B AU Gfroerer, TH Wanlass, MW AF Gfroerer, T. H. Wanlass, M. W. GP IEEE TI Recombination in low-bandgap InGaAs SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We review our investigation of recombination in InxGa1-xAs with indium concentrations ranging between x = 0.53 (i.e., lattice-matched to InP) and x = 0.78. External radiative efficiency measurements were used to study how defect-related and Auger mechanisms compete. with radiative recombination. The results indicated that deep mid-gap levels facilitate defect-related recombination in lattice-matched InGaAs while shallower levels play a more important role in the indium-rich alloys. Subsequent sub-bandgap photoluminescence measurements confirmed the presence of deep levels in the lattice-matched InGaAs. The superlinear excitation dependence of the sub-gap emission led to a defect-related deep-donor/shallow-acceptor pair model. Recent cathodoluminescence measurements of the subgap transitions show no spatial contrast, supporting the assignment of this mechanism to evenly distributed point defects. We hypothesize that the deep states observed in lattice-matched InGaAs are related to imperfections in the incorporation of indium or gallium, which become less likely as the indium concentration is increased. C1 [Gfroerer, T. H.] Davidson Coll, Dept Phys, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Wanlass, M. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gfroerer, TH (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Phys, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. FU Bechtel Bettis, Inc., FX The authors would like to thank J. J. Carapella for performing the MOVPE growth, with support from Bechtel Bettis, Inc., and Dr. M. J. Romero for conducting the cathodoluminescence experiments. Acknowledgement is made to the donors of The Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for support of this work. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 780 EP 782 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600199 ER PT B AU Jackrel, D Ptak, A Bank, S Yuen, H Wistey, M Friedman, D Kurtz, S Harris, JS AF Jackrel, David Ptak, Aaron Bank, Seth Yuen, Homan Wistey, Mark Friedman, Daniel Kurtz, Sarah Harris, James S., Jr. GP IEEE TI GaInNAsSb solar cells grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID LOCALIZATION; LASERS AB The first GaInNAsSb solar cells are reported. The dilute nitride antimonide material, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, has a bandgap of 0.92 eV and maintains excellent carrier collection efficiency. Internal quantum efficiency of nearly 80% at maximum is obtained in the narrow bandgap GaInNAsSb cells. The short-circuit current density produced by the GaInNAsSb cells underneath a GaAs sub-cell in a multijunction stack, determined from the overlap of the quantum 2 efficiency and the low-AOD spectrum, is 14.8 mA/cm(2). This is sufficient to current match the GaInNAsSb sub-cell to the other sub-cells in a GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAsSb solar cell. However, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the antimonide devices, 0.28 V and 0.61, are somewhat reduced when compared to GaInNAs devices with 1.03 eV bandgaps. The GaInNAsSb devices had wider depletion regions, which improves the collection efficiency but adversely affects the fill-factor and dark current by increasing depletion region recombination. C1 [Jackrel, David; Bank, Seth; Yuen, Homan; Wistey, Mark; Harris, James S., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Elect Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ptak, Aaron; Friedman, Daniel; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jackrel, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Solid State Elect Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NSF [9900793, 0140297]; NREL's [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This material is based on work supported by the NSF under grants 9900793 and 0140297. NRELs contribution to this work was completed under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy and is subject to a Government license. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600200 ER PT B AU Olson, JM McMahon, WE Kurtz, S AF Olson, J. M. McMahon, W. E. Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Effect of Sb on the properties of gainp top cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID TANDEM SOLAR-CELLS; SEGREGATION; GA0.5IN0.5P AB It is well known that the efficiency of GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cells is limited by the band gap of the GaInP top cell, which, in turn, is determined by the degree of compositional ordering in the GaInP base layer. Attempts to raise the band gap by the addition of Al to the top cell have met with limited success due to the strong affinity between Al and oxygen. Here we investigate a different approach. It has been shown that the presence of antimony on the surface of GaInP during its growth suppresses the ordering process and increases the band gap. In this paper, we study the effects of Sb on the properties of GaInP top cells. We show that, in addition to raising the band gap of GaInP, it also increases the incorporation of Zn and changes the relative incorporation of Ga and In. These effects depend strongly on the substrate orientation, growth temperature and rate, and the Sb/P ratio in the gas phase. We show that the band gap of the GaInP top cell (and the Voc) can be increased without reducing the minority carrier collection efficiency. The implications of these results are presented and discussed. C1 [Olson, J. M.; McMahon, W. E.; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Olson, JM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 787 EP 790 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600201 ER PT B AU Sasaki, T Arafunel, K Lee, HS Ekins-Daukes, NJ Tanaka, S Metzger, W Romee, MJ Jonee, K Al-Jassim, M Ohshita, Y Yamaguchi, M AF Sasaki, T. Arafunel, K. Lee, H. S. Ekins-Daukes, N. J. Tanaka, S. Metzger, W. Romee, M. J. Jonee, K. Al-Jassim, M. Ohshita, Y. Yamaguchi, M. GP IEEE TI Electrical properties and structural defects in lattice mismatched InGaAs solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID GAAS; REDUCTION AB Higher conversion efficiency has been predicted theoretically for InGaP/In0.16Ga0.84As/Ge lattice-mismatched triple junction solar cells owing to widening of the effective range of the solar spectrum than the conventional lattice-matched solar cells. The most serious problem in lattice-mismatched system is the large lattice mismatch (similar to 1%) between In0.16Ga0.84As and Ge cells. The effect of a thermal cycle annealing (TCA) process which is expected to reduce the defect density in this system has been discussed from electrical and structural viewpoints. The minority carrier lifetime in In0.16Ga0.84As emitter layers were improved after TCA treatment from TR-PL measurement. EBIC measurements showed a reduction of the structural defect such as misfit dislocations due to the TCA process in In0.16Ga0.84As base layers. The misfit components observed in the base layers may have some influence through the emitter layers. C1 [Sasaki, T.; Arafunel, K.; Lee, H. S.; Ohshita, Y.; Yamaguchi, M.] Toyota Technol Inst, Tempaku Ku, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. [Ekins-Daukes, N. J.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Tanaka, S.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Metzger, W.; Romee, M. J.; Jonee, K.; Al-Jassim, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sasaki, T (reprint author), Toyota Technol Inst, Tempaku Ku, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology FX This work is partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as a Private University Academic Frontier Research Center Program "Super High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Research Center" 2002-2006. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600203 ER PT B AU Jiang, CS Friedman, DJ Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C. -S. Friedman, D. J. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI Profiling the built-in electrical potential in III-V multijunction solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID KELVIN PROBE MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BAND OFFSETS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SURFACE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; GAINP/GAAS; EPITAXY; GAAS AB We report on a direct measurement of the electrical potential on cross-sections of GaInP2/GaAs multiple-junction solar cells by using an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning Kelvin probe microscope (UHV-SKPM). The UHV-SKPM allows us to measure the potential without air molecules being adsorbed on the cross-sectional surface. Moreover, it uses a GaAs laser with photon energy of 1.4 eV for the atomic force microscope (AFM) operation. This eliminated the light-absorption-induced bottom-junction flattening and top-junction enhancement, which happened in our previous potential measurement using a 1.85-eV laser for the AFM operation. Three potentials were measured at the top, tunneling, and bottom junctions. Values of the potentials are smaller than the potentials in the bulk. This indicates that the Fermi level on the UHV-cleaved (110) surface was pinned, presumably due to defects upon cleaving. We also observed higher potentials at atomic steps than on the terraces for both GaInP2 epitaxial layer and GaAs substrate. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and SKPM measurements, we found that the potential height at steps of the GaAs substrate depends on the step direction, which is probably a direct result of unbalanced cations and anions at the steps. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Friedman, D. J.; Moutinho, H. R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600218 ER PT B AU Sopori, B Rupnowski, P Balzar, D Sheldon, P AF Sopori, Bhushan Rupnowski, Przemyslaw Balzar, Davor Sheldon, Pete GP IEEE TI Dislocation generation in Si: A thermo-mechanical model based on measurable parameters SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SILICON RIBBON; DYNAMICS AB A thermo-mechanical model for predicting dislocation distribution generated by thermal stresses in Si is described. We use an experimentally determined dislocation distribution in response to a predetermined flux to establish "initial" density. The basic thermal model and the procedure for determining this parameter are described. This approach can be applied to crystal growth and other cell fabrication steps to establish thermal conditions that can minimize dislocation generation for improved solar cell performance. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Rupnowski, Przemyslaw; Sheldon, Pete] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Balzar, Davor] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S.Department of Energy; [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX NRELs contribution to this work was supported under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S.Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank Jesse Appel, Thurston Melson, and Michael Speed for their help with the experiments. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 936 EP 939 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600237 ER PT B AU Buonassisi, T Pickett, MD Istratov, AA Sauar, E Lommasson, TC Marstein, E Pernau, T Clark, RF Narayanan, S Heald, SM Weber, ER AF Buonassisi, Tonio Pickett, Matthew D. Istratov, Andrei A. Sauar, Erik Lommasson, Timothy C. Marstein, Erik Pernau, Thomas Clark, R. F. Narayanan, S. Heald, Steven M. Weber, Eicke R. GP IEEE TI Interactions between metals and different grain boundary types and their impact on multicrystalline silicon device performance SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; DIAMOND LATTICE; SOLAR-CELLS; NICKEL; TILT; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIFFUSION; CHARACTER AB The mechanical and electrical properties of polycrystalline solids, such as metals, ceramim and photovoltaic-grade multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si), are strongly regulated by the inter-actions between impurities and grain boundaries. In this broader context, we combine synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (mu-XRF), SEM-based electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), and conventional techniques to correlate metal precipitation behavior with grain boundary character (type), electrical activity, and microstructure in commercial multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) materials. It is directly observed that metals tend to form precipitates selectively at higher-Sigma coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries and non-CSL boundaries, while largely avoiding precipitation at Sigma 3 boundaries, and to a lesser extent, Sigma 9. The electrical impacts of this behavior differ, depending on surrounding intragranular quality. A discussion of mc-Si grain boundary engineering ensues. C1 [Buonassisi, Tonio; Pickett, Matthew D.; Istratov, Andrei A.; Weber, Eicke R.] Evergreen Solar, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. [Sauar, Erik] ScanWafer AS, Hovik, Norway. [Lommasson, Timothy C.] ScanCell AS, Narvik, Norway. [Marstein, Erik] Inst Energy Technol IFE, Kjeller, Norway. [Pernau, Thomas] Formerly Univ Konstanz, Constance, Germany. [Pernau, Thomas] Centrotherm Photovolta AG, Blaubeuren, Germany. [Clark, R. F.; Narayanan, S.] BP Solar, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. [Heald, Steven M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buonassisi, T (reprint author), Evergreen Solar, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. FU NREL [AAT-2-31605-03]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02- 05CH11231]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Discussions with R. O. Ritchie and R. Gronsky of UC Berkeley, and the technical assistance of A. M. Minor at NCEM, are much appreciated. This study was supported by NREL subcontract AAT-2-31605-03. The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02- 05CH11231. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 944 EP 947 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600239 ER PT B AU Sopori, B Reedy, R Jones, K Gedvilas, L Keyes, B Yan, YF Al-Jassim, M Yelundur, V Rohatgi, N AF Sopori, Bhushan Reedy, Robert Jones, Kim Gedvilas, Lynn Keyes, Brian Yan, Yanfa Al-Jassim, Mowafak Yelundur, Vijay Rohatgi, Neet GP IEEE TI Damage-layer-mediated H diffusion during SiN : H processing: A comprehensive model SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We describe a refined surface-damage model for H transport during SiN:H processing to explain recent observations in H passivation. We propose that surface-damaged layers act not only as a source of trapped H, but can also mediate H between Si and SiN:H. This capability enables exchange of H between SiN:H and Si, making passivation characteristics dependent on the surface damage as well as composition of the nitride. It also explains many other observations. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Reedy, Robert; Jones, Kim; Gedvilas, Lynn; Keyes, Brian; Yan, Yanfa; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yelundur, Vijay; Rohatgi, Neet] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU Midwest Research Institute [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; U.S. Department of Energy FX *This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1028 EP 1031 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251600260 ER PT B AU van Hest, MFAM Leenheer, AJ Perkins, JD Teplin, CW Ginley, DS AF van Hest, M. F. A. M. Leenheer, A. J. Perkins, J. D. Teplin, C. W. Ginley, D. S. GP IEEE TI Growth of biaxially textured CeO2 layers on glass by magnetron sputtering SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION AB Recently, a new approach of using a biaxially textured template to grow crystalline silicon on glass for large-area electronics applications was proposed. Here CeO2 is chosen as a template candidate. RF sputtering of a CeO2 target in combination with ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) has been used to create biaxially textured material on a glass substrate. The use of IBAD made it possible to change the texture orientation relative to that of film deposited without the use of IBAD. Another approach has also been studied where RIF sputtering is used in combination with inclined substrate deposition (ISD). This approach also did result in the formation of biaxially textured CeO2. However the texture orientation could not be modified using ISD. C1 [van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Perkins, J. D.; Teplin, C. W.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Leenheer, A. J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van Hest, MFAM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1368 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601029 ER PT B AU Ebong, A Upadhyaya, V Rounsaville, B Kim, DS Meemongkolkiat, V Rohatg, A Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM To, B AF Ebong, A. Upadhyaya, V. Rounsaville, B. Kim, D. S. Meemongkolkiat, V. Rohatg, A. Al-Jassim, M. M. Jones, K. M. To, Bobby GP IEEE TI Rapid thermal processing of high efficiency n-type silicon solar cells with Al back junction SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID WEB SILICON AB In this paper we report on the design, fabrication and modeling of 49 cm(2), 200-mu m thick, 1-5 Omega-cm, n- and p-type < 111 > and < 100 > screen-printed silicon solar cells. A simple process involving RTP front surface phosphorus diffusion, low frequency PECVD silicon nitride deposition, screen-printing of Al metal and Ag front grid followed by co-firing of front and back contacts produced cell efficiencies of 15.4% on n-type < 111 > Si, 15.1% on n-type < 100 > Si, 15.8% on p-type < 111 > Si and 16.1 % on p-type < 100 > Si. Open circuit voltage was comparable for n and p type cells and was also independent of wafer orientation. High fill factor values (0.771-0.783) for all the devices ruled out appreciable shunting which has been a problem for the development of co-fired n-type < 100 > silicon solar cells with Al back junction. Model calculations were performed using PC1D to support the experimental results and provide guidelines for achieving > 17% n-type silicon solar cells by rapid firing of Al back junction. C1 [Ebong, A.; Upadhyaya, V.; Rounsaville, B.; Kim, D. S.; Meemongkolkiat, V.; Rohatg, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, 777 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Al-Jassim, M. M.; Jones, K. M.; To, Bobby] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ebong, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, 777 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM aebong@ece.gatech.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1376 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601031 ER PT B AU Curtis, CJ van Hest, M Miedaner, A Kaydanova, T Smith, L Ginley, DS AF Curtis, Calvin J. van Hest, Maikel Miedaner, Alex Kaydanova, Tanya Smith, Lee Ginley, David S. GP IEEE TI Multi-layer inkjet printed contacts for silicon solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Ag, Cu, and Ni metallizations were inkjet printed with near vacuum deposition quality. The approach developed can be easily extended to other conductors such as. Pt, Pd, Au, etc. Thick highly conducting lines of Ag and Cu demonstrating good adhesion to glass, Si, and printed circuit board (PCB) have been printed at 100-200 degrees C in air and N-2 respectively. Ag grids were inkjet-printed on Si solar cells and fired through the silicon nitride AR layer at 850 degrees C, resulting in 8% cells. Next generation inks, including an ink that etches silicon nitride, have now been developed. Multi-layer inkjet printing of the etching ink followed by Ag ink produced contacts under milder conditions and gave solar cells with efficiencies as high as 12%. C1 [Curtis, Calvin J.; van Hest, Maikel; Miedaner, Alex; Kaydanova, Tanya; Smith, Lee; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Curtis, CJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE [DEAC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported under DOE Contract No. DEAC36-99GO10337. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1392 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601035 ER PT B AU Wang, TH Iwaniczko, E Page, MR Wang, Q Xu, Y Yan, Y Levi, D Roybal, L Bauer, R Branz, HM AF Wang, T. H. Iwaniczko, E. Page, M. R. Wang, Qi Xu, Y. Yan, Y. Levi, D. Roybal, L. Bauer, R. Branz, H. M. GP IEEE TI High-efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells by HWCVD SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We report progresses in the development of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). A confirmed 18.2% efficiency on a p-type textured wafer has been achieved based on improvements in surface passivation by a-Si:H emitter and back contact as well as in fill factor. The primary objective of high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) is achieved by front a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction optimization, by replacing a conventional Al-alloyed or P-diffused back-surface field with a back c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunction, and by maintaining excellent surface passivation on textured silicon wafers. We first obtain a Voc of 652 mV with a front a-Si:H(n/i) heterojunction emitter on p-type solar cells with an Al back-surfacefield (BSF) contact. The high-temperature Al-BSF is then successfully replaced by low-temperature HWCVD-deposited a-Si:H(i/p) layers as the back contact. Lifetime measurement shows the surface recombination velocity (SRV) is reduced to similar to 15 cm/sec. A higher Vc of 676 mV is obtained with an a-Si:H(n/i) front-emitter and a-Si:H(i/p) back-contact double-heterojunction SHJ solar cell structure, indicating superior back-surface passivation of the textured p-wafer. On n-type silicon wafers, we use an a-Si:H(p/i) front emitter and an aSI:H(i/n) back contact, to achieve a Vc of 711 mV, the highest voltage obtained by the HWCVD technique so far. Good fill factors are also obtained using the amorphous-phase materials as the back contacts. Sshaped I-V curves are observed if doping crosscontamination are present among different a-Si:H layers or doping level is not enough in the TCO-contacting ptype a-SI:H layer. C1 [Wang, T. H.] Suntech Power Co Ltd, 17-6 Chang Jiang S Rd, Wuxi 214028, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Iwaniczko, E.; Page, M. R.; Wang, Qi; Xu, Y.; Yan, Y.; Levi, D.; Roybal, L.; Bauer, R.; Branz, H. M.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Suntech Power Co Ltd, 17-6 Chang Jiang S Rd, Wuxi 214028, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM hqshao@suntech-power.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC39-98-GO10337] FX The authors are indebted to Dr. Ajeet Rohatgi and Dr. Vijay Yelundur at Georgia Institute of Technology for providing some high-quality FZ-Si substrates as well as the baseline diffused junction reference device. We would like to express sincere thanks to Anna Duda and Scott Ward at NREL for their help in device processing. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC39-98-GO10337. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1439 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601047 ER PT B AU Page, MR Iwaniczko, E Xu, Y Wang, Q Yan, Y Roybal, L Branz, HM Wang, TH AF Page, M. R. Iwaniczko, E. Xu, Y. Wang, Q. Yan, Y. Roybal, L. Branz, Howard M. Wang, T. H. GP IEEE TI Well passivated a-Si : H back contacts for double-heterojunction silicon solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We have developed hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) back contacts to both p- and n-type silicon wafers, and employed them in double-heterojunction solar cells. These contacts are deposited entirely at low temperature (< 250 degrees C) and replace the standard diffused or alloyed back-surface-field contacts used in single-heterojunction (front-emitter only) cells. High-quality back contacts require excellent surface passivation, indicated by a low surface recombination velocity of minority-carriers (S) or a high open-circuit voltage (Vc). The back contact must also provide good conduction for majority carriers to the external circuit, as indicated by a high light I-V fill factor. We use hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) to grow a-Si:H layers for both the front emitters and back contacts. Our improved a-Si:H back contacts contribute to our recent achievement of a confirmed 18.2% efficiency in double-heterojunction silicon solar cells on p-type textured silicon wafers [1]. C1 [Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Xu, Y.; Wang, Q.; Yan, Y.; Roybal, L.; Branz, Howard M.; Wang, T. H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Page, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matthew_page@nrel.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-99G010337] FX We thank Scott Ward, Anna Duda, Bobby To, Ajeet Rohatgi, and Vijay Yelundur for their valuable technical and scientific contributions, and acknowledge Keith Emery and Tom Moriarty for providing confirmed AM1.5 I-V measurements. This work is supported or funded under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99G010337. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1485 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601057 ER PT B AU Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM Kazmerski, LL Yan, B Owens, JM Yang, J Guha, S AF Jiang, C. -S. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. Kazmerski, L. L. Yan, B. Owens, J. M. Yang, J. Guha, S. GP IEEE TI Distribution of local open-circuit voltage on amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase Si : H and SiGe : H solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID KELVIN PROBE MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON AB Local open-circuit voltage (V-oc) distributions on amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase silicon solar cells were measured using a scanning Kelvin probe microscope (SKPM) on the p layer of an n-i-p stricture without the top ITO contact. During the measurement, the sample was illuminated with a laser beam that was used for the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, the surface potential measured by SKPM is the sum of the local V-oc and the difference in workfunction between the p layer and the AFM tip. Comparing the SKPM and AFM images, we find that nanocrystallites aggregate in the amorphous matrix with an aggregation size of similar to 0.5 pm in diameter, where many nanometer-size grains are clustered. The V-oc distribution shows valleys in the nanocrystalline aggregation area. The transition from low to high V-oc regions is a gradual change within a distance of about 1 mu m. The minimum V-oc value in the nanocrystalline clusters in the mixed-phase region is larger than the V-oc of a nc-Si:H single-phase solar cell. These results could be due to lateral photo-charge redistribution between the two phases. We have also carried out local Voc measurements on mixed-phase SiGe:H alloy solar cells. The magnitudes of V-oc in the amorphous and nanocrystalline regions are consistent with the J-V measurements. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yan, B.; Owens, J. M.; Yang, J.; Guha, S.] Unit Solar Ovon Corp, Troy, NY 48084 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM chun_sheng_jiang@nrel.gov FU Midwest Research Institute [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; U.S. Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; NREL under the Thin Film Partnership Program [ZXL-6-44205-14] FX This work at NREL is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. The work at United Solar was supported by NREL under the Thin Film Partnership Program Subcontract No. ZXL-6-44205-14. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1552 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601075 ER PT B AU Yue, G Yan, B Ganguly, G Yang, J Guha, S Teplin, CW Williamson, DL AF Yue, G. Yan, B. Ganguly, G. Yang, J. Guha, S. Teplin, C. W. Williamson, D. L. GP IEEE TI Performance improvement of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon solar cells by hydrogen dilution profiling SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We have carried out a systematic study on metastability of n-i-p nc-Si:H solar cells with various hydrogen dilution profiles and correlate the results with the material structural properties. We find that the nc-Si:H single-junction cells with a hydrogen dilution profile show not only improved initial efficiency, but also better stability than those with a constant hydrogen dilution. Raman measurements using different excitation wavelengths show that the cells with the improved stability due to the hydrogen dilution profiling have a significant amorphous component, especially near the i/p interface. We speculate that the amorphous volume fraction in the material is not the key parameter for determining the stability of nc-Si:H cells. Other factors, such as the distribution and structure of the amorphous phase and the grain boundary regions, can affect the overall cell stability. By carefully optimizing the hydrogen dilution profiling, we have achieved initial and stable efficiencies of 9.0% and 8.5% in a nc-Si:H single junction, and 14.1% and 13.3% in an a-Si:H/nc-Si:H/nc-Si:H triple-junction structure, respectively. C1 [Yue, G.; Yan, B.; Ganguly, G.; Yang, J.; Guha, S.] United Solar Ovon Corp, Troy, MI 48083 USA. [Teplin, C. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Williamson, D. L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO USA. RP Yue, G (reprint author), United Solar Ovon Corp, Troy, MI 48083 USA. EM gyue@uni-solar.com FU NREL [ZXL-6-44205-14] FX This work was supported by NREL under the thin-film partnership program subcontract No. ZXL-6-44205-14. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1588 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601084 ER PT B AU Mahan, AH Ahrenkiel, SP Roy, B Schropp, REI Li, H Ginley, DS AF Mahan, A. H. Ahrenkiel, S. P. Roy, B. Schropp, R. E. I. Li, H. Ginley, D. S. GP IEEE TI On the effect of the film hydrogen content and deposition type on the grain nucleation and grain growth during crystallization of a-Si : H films SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILMS; SOLID-PHASE CRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; TEMPERATURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB We report the effect of the initial film hydrogen content (CH) on the crystallization kinetics, crystallite nucleation rate and grain growth rate when HWCVD and PECVD a-Si:H films are crystallized by annealing at 600 degrees C. For the HWCVD films, both the incubation time and crystallization time decrease, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD (111) peak decreases with decreasing film C-H. However, other sources of XRD line broadening exist in such materials in addition to crystallite size, including the density of crystallite defects. To address these issues, TEM measurements have also been performed on a-Si:H films deposited directly onto TEM grids. Following the procedure of Iverson and Reif (J. Appl. Phys. 62 (1987) 1675), an examination of films with low grain density enables a determination of the crystallite nucleation rate as well as grain growth rate. We compare the results for HWCVD films of different film C-H, and also for HWCVD and PECVD a-Si:H films containing the same initial film C-H. We also perform Raman measurements on fully crystallized HWCVD films to explore whether film disorder plays a role in the different XRD FWHMs when different amounts of film hydrogen are evolved. C1 [Mahan, A. H.; Ahrenkiel, S. P.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Roy, B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Schropp, R. E. I.; Li, H.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM harv_mahan@nrel.gov RI Schropp, Ruud/I-7374-2012 OI Schropp, Ruud/0000-0003-4175-2658 FU Midwest Research Institute with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36- 99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1612 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601090 ER PT B AU Levi, D Iwaniczko, E Page, M Wang, Q Branz, H Wang, TH AF Levi, Dean Iwaniczko, Eugene Page, Matthew Wang, Qi Branz, Howard Wang, Tihu GP IEEE TI Silicon heterojunction solar cell characterization and optimization using in situ and ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We use in-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry to characterize the optical, electronic, and structural properties of individual layers and completed silicon heterojunction devices. The combination of in-situ measurements during thin film deposition with ex-situ measurements of completed devices allows us to understand both the growth dynamics of the materials and the effects of each processing step on material properties. In-situ ellipsometry measurements enable us to map out how the optical properties change with deposition conditions, pointing the way towards reducing the absorption loss and increasing device efficiency. We use the measured optical properties and thickness of the i-, n-, and p-layers in optical device modeling to determine how the material properties affect device performance. Our best solar energy conversion efficiencies are 16.9% for a non-textured, single-sided device with an aluminum back surface field contact on a p-type float zone silicon wafer, and 17.8% for a textured double-sided device on a p-type float zone silicon wafer. C1 [Levi, Dean; Iwaniczko, Eugene; Page, Matthew; Wang, Qi; Branz, Howard; Wang, Tihu] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dean_levi@nrel.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. The authors thank Russell Bauer, Lorenzo Royball, Helio Moutinho, Bobby To, Yanfa Yan, and Yueqin Xu of NREL, and Ajeet Rohatgi and Vijay Yelundur of Georgia Technical Institute. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 1740 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601123 ER PT B AU Rose, D Koehler, O Kaminar, N Mulligan, B King, D AF Rose, Doug Koehler, Oliver Kaminar, Neil Mulligan, Bill King, David GP IEEE TI Mass production of PV modules with 18% total-area efficiency and high energy delivery per peak Watt SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper describes photovoltaic modules in high-volume production with world-record efficiency. SunPower Corporation has achieved a total-area efficiency of 18% by using proprietary back-contact silicon cells and new module design features. The modules have been certified under IEC61215 edition 2 and UL1703, are tee of hazardous materials, and have aesthetic characteristics which facilitate customer adoption. High energy production per rated waft is reported and modeled on the basis of fundamental module properties. C1 [Rose, Doug; Koehler, Oliver; Kaminar, Neil; Mulligan, Bill] SunPower Corp, 3939 N 1st St, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [King, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rose, D (reprint author), SunPower Corp, 3939 N 1st St, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. EM drose@sunpowercorp.com FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [ZAX-5-33628-05] FX Portions of this work were supported under a PV Manufacturing R&D subcontract ZAX-5-33628-05 from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory entitled Automated Manufacturing of High Efficiency Modules. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2018 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601193 ER PT B AU Rummel, S Anderberg, A Emery, K King, D TamizhMani, G Arends, T Atmaram, G Demetrius, L Zaaiman, W Cereghetti, N Herrmann, W Warta, W Neuberger, F Morita, K Hishikawa, Y AF Rummel, S. Anderberg, A. Emery, K. King, D. TamizhMani, G. Arends, T. Atmaram, G. Demetrius, L. Zaaiman, W. Cereghetti, N. Herrmann, W. Warta, W. Neuberger, F. Morita, K. Hishikawa, Y. GP IEEE TI Results from the second international module inter-comparison SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Most photovoltaic (PV) manufacturers trace their peak-waft rating through calibrations/measurements performed at recognized terrestrial calibration facilities. This paper summarizes the results of one such measurement performed by many different calibration facilities. The participants were selected from around the world based on their designation as a national PV calibration facility, prior participation in inter-comparisons, or as an ISO 17025-accredited PV module qualification or certification facility. Each facility was sent the same devices and was requested to treat them as a regular measurement. The modules were selected from newer thin-film manufacturers-ones that might stretch or exceed the current scope of capabilities of the different participants. A concentrator module was even included as part of the set. Short-circuit current (I-sc), open-circuit voltage (V-oc), fill factor (FF), and peak power (P-max) results are reported. C1 [Rummel, S.; Anderberg, A.; Emery, K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO USA. [King, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [TamizhMani, G.; Arends, T.] Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Testing Lab, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Atmaram, G.; Demetrius, L.] Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL USA. [Zaaiman, W.] Directorate Gen Joint Res Ctr IES RE ESTI, European Commiss, European Union, Pago, UT USA. [Cereghetti, N.] Lab Energia Ecologia Economia, Lugano, Switzerland. [Herrmann, W.] TUV Immissionsschutz & Energiesysteme GmbH, Berlin, Germany. [Warta, W.; Neuberger, F.] Inst Solar Energy Syst Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany. [Morita, K.] Japan Elect Safety & Environm Technol Lab JET, Tokyo, Japan. [Hishikawa, Y.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Rummel, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, Golden, CO USA. FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO19337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO19337. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2034 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601196 ER PT B AU Bower, W Wese, R Dickerson, A AF Bower, Ward Wese, Rick Dickerson, Art GP IEEE TI Innovative PV micro-inverter topology eliminates electrolytic capacitors for longer lifetime SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB An extremely reliable micro-inverter is critical to the success of the AC PV Building Block and the AC PV Module concepts. [1,2,3,4] An innovative inverter design has been developed and prototyped in order to address some of the most critical issues associated with extending the mean time between failure (MTBF) and the total lifetime of the micro-inverter when it is integrated onto a PV module. The innovative micro-inverter addressed in this paper uses a unique proprietary circuit topology to reduce the numbers and sizes of capacitors, is currently rated at 150W, and has been shown to be thermally robust and feasible. Additionally, the smaller capacitors used in the design use advanced technology exhibiting much longer lifetime (30-year) in the anticipated thermal environment. The unconventional micro-inverter design considerations, layout, early findings from modeling and evaluation results are presented. Preliminary findings for a proposed redesign to increase the rating to 300W are presented. An initial assessment of a reliability requirement study for micro-inverters is also discussed. [5]. C1 [Bower, Ward] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wese, Rick] Distributed Power, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Dickerson, Art] Bluepoint Assoc, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. RP Bower, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wibower@sandia.gov; Rick.West@distributedpower.us; adickersn@charter.net FU U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors wish to thank Dr. Jean Posbic of BP Solar for providing the PV modules used in this development. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2038 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601197 ER PT B AU del Cueto, JA Sekulic, BR AF del Cueto, J. A. Sekulic, B. R. GP IEEE TI An unlikely combination of experiments with a novel high-voltage CIGS photovoltaic array SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID FIELD AB A new high-voltage array comprising bipolar strings of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) modules was inaugurated in 2005. It is equipped with a unique combination of tests, which likely have never before been deployed simultaneously within a single array: full current-voltage (I-V) traces, high-voltage leakage current measurements, and peak-power tracking or temporal stepped-bias profiling. The array nominally produces 1 kW power at 1 sun. The array's electrical characteristics are continuously monitored and controlled with a programmable electronic load interfaced to a data acquisition system (DAS), that also records solar and meteorological data. The modules are mounted with their frames electrically isolated from earth ground, in order to facilitate measurement of the leakage currents that arise between the high voltage bias developed in the series-connected cells and modules and their mounting frames. Because the DAS can perform stepped biasing of the array as a function of time, synchronous detection of the leakage current data with alternating bias is available. Leakage current data and their dependence on temperature and voltage are investigated. Array power data are analyzed across a wide range of varying illuminations and temperatures from the IV traces. Array performance is also analyzed from an energy output perspective using peak-power tracking data. C1 [del Cueto, J. A.; Sekulic, B. R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joseph_delcueto@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2054 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601201 ER PT B AU McMahon, TJ Jorgensen, GJ AF McMahon, T. J. Jorgensen, G. J. GP IEEE TI Adhesion and thin-film module reliability SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Among the infrequently measured but essential properties for thin-film (T-F) module reliability are the interlayer adhesion and cohesion within a layer. These can be cell contact layers to glass, contact layers to the semiconductor, encapsulant to cell, glass, or backsheet, etc. We use an Instron mechanical testing unit to measure peel strengths at 90 degrees or 180 degrees and, in some cases, a scratch and tape pull test to evaluate inter-cell layer adhesion strengths. We present peel strength data for test specimens laminated from the three T-F technologies, before and after damp heat, and in one instance at elevated temperatures. On laminated T-F cell samples, failure can occur uniformly at any one of the many interfaces, or non-uniformly across the peel area at more than one interface. Some peel strengths are << 1 N/mm. This is far below the normal ethylene vinyl acetate/glass interface values of > 10 N/mm. We measure a wide range of adhesion strengths and suggest that adhesion measured. under higher temperature and relative humidity conditions is more relevant for module reliability. INTRODUCTION C1 [McMahon, T. J.; Jorgensen, G. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tom_mcmahon@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC-36-99G010337] FX We thank K. Barth for the CdTe:B samples, allowing us to discuss and identify his prototype cell, and suggesting the ASTM D 3359-02 testing procedure. We are purposely vague about the other sources, but our thanks go out to them as well. The SiOxNy coating was deposited by S. Glick and J. Pankow of NREL. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC-36-99G010337. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2062 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601203 ER PT B AU Osterwald, CR Adelstein, J del Cueto, JA Kroposki, B Trudell, D Moriarty, T AF Osterwald, C. R. Adelstein, J. del Cueto, J. A. Kroposki, B. Trudell, D. Moriarty, T. GP IEEE TI Comparison of degradation rates of individual modules held at maximum power SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB In this paper, we present a comparison of maximum power degradation rates of individual modules under outdoor conditions in Golden, Colorado. Test modules include single- and polycrystalline-Si (x-Si, poly-Si), amorphous Si (a-Si, single, dual, and triple junction), CdTe, Cu-In-Ga-Se-S (CIS), and c-Si/a-Si heterostructure, from nine difference manufacturers. From monthly blocks, of output power data, ratings were determined using multiple regressions to Performance Test Conditions (PTC). Plotting the power ratings versus time allowed degradation rates to be calculated from linear regressions. We also include a summary of module degradation rates obtained from the open literature over the past five years. Compared with the common rule-of-thumb value of 1% per year, many modules are seen to have significantly smaller degradation rates. A few modules, however, degrade significantly faster. C1 [Osterwald, C. R.; Adelstein, J.; del Cueto, J. A.; Kroposki, B.; Trudell, D.; Moriarty, T.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM carl_osterwald@nrel.gov FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2085 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601209 ER PT B AU Olsen, LC Kundu, S Englehard, M Asher, SE Perkins, C AF Olsen, Larry C. Kundu, Sambhu Englehard, Mark Asher, S. E. Perkins, Craig GP IEEE TI Effects on moisture on CdTe cell I-V characteristics SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper focuses on the effect of water on CdTe solar cells provided by Dr. Sampath's group at Colorado State University, that have not been encapsulated.. Bare cells were subjected to damp heat conditions defined by 60 degrees C and 90% Relative Humidity (RH). Current voltage characteristics were acquired periodically over a thousand hour period. Bare, unencapsulated CdTe cells appear to exhibit changes in current collection and current loss mechanisms as well as degradation of contact interfaces as a result of damp heat. XPS analyses have been conducted in an effort to identify effects of moisture ingress. The XPS studies indicate that one possible effect of moisture on CdTe cells is to convert the CdO at grain boundaries to Cd(OH)(2). Since it is generally assumed that CdO acts as an effective electron reflector on CdTe grain boundaries, formation of the hydroxide could explain the degradation of current voltage characteristics of CdTe cells subjected to damp heat. C1 [Olsen, Larry C.; Kundu, Sambhu; Englehard, Mark] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Asher, S. E.; Perkins, Craig] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Olsen, LC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Larry.Olsen@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We are grateful for the support by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The guidance provided by Ken Zweibel is particularly appreciated. We also are very grateful for the collaboration with the CSU group in the form CdTe cells and technical interaction is greatly appreciated. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2138 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601222 ER PT B AU Tang, YT Raghuraman, B Kuitche, J TamizhMani, G Backus, CE Osterwald, C AF Tang, Yingtang Raghuraman, Bindhu Kuitche, Joseph TamizhMani, Govindasamy Backus, Charles E. Osterwald, Carl GP IEEE TI An evaluation of 27+years old photovoltaic modules operated in a hot-desert climatic condition SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Identification of failure mechanisms from the long-term field deployed modules is of great importance to the photovoltaic industry. This paper investigates the modules removed from a water pumping array operated over 27+ years in a hot-desert climatic condition, Arizona. Thirty-two modules were evaluated in this investigation. Each module is comprised of silicone rubber superstrate/encapsulant, mono-Si cells, fiberglass-like substrate, potted junction box and neoprene cable. Ten of these thirty-two modules were either non-functional or near non-functional with less than 30% of the original power. The other twenty-two functional modules showed an average power degradation of 1.08% per year over 27 years of operation. After the damp-heat (1000 hours of 85 degrees C/85%RH), thermal cycling (two-hundred cycles of 90 degrees C/-40 degrees C) and hot-spot stress tests the modules lost about 11%, 9.8% and 3.5% of power, respectively. C1 [Tang, Yingtang; Raghuraman, Bindhu; Kuitche, Joseph; TamizhMani, Govindasamy] Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Testing Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Backus, Charles E.] Arizona State Univ Res Park, Tempe, AZ USA. [Osterwald, Carl] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Tang, YT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Testing Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM tony2.tang@ge.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2145 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601224 ER PT B AU Kempe, MD Jorgensen, GJ Terwilliger, KM McMahon, TJ Kennedy, CE Borek, TT AF Kempe, Michael D. Jorgensen, Gary J. Terwilliger, Kent M. McMahon, Tom J. Kennedy, Cheryl E. Borek, Theodore T. GP IEEE TI Ethylene-vinyl acetate potential problems for photovoltaic packaging SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Photovoltaic (PV) devices are typically encapsulated using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to provide mechanical support, optical coupling, electrical isolation, and protection against environmental exposure. Under exposure to atmospheric water and/or ultraviolet radiation, EVA will decompose to produce acetic acid, lowering the pH and increasing the surface corrosion rates of embedded devices. Even though acetic acid is produced at a very slow rate, it may not take much to catalyze reactions that lead to rapid module deterioration. Another consideration is that the glass transition of EVA, as measured using dynamic mechanical analysis, begins at temperatures of about -15 degrees C. Temperatures lower than this can be reached for extended periods of time in some climates. Because of increased moduli below the glass transition temperature, a module may be more vulnerable to damage if a mechanical load is applied by snow or wind at low temperatures. Modules using EVA should not be rated for use at such low temperatures without additional low-temperature mechanical testing beyond the scope of UL 1703. C1 [Kempe, Michael D.; Jorgensen, Gary J.; Terwilliger, Kent M.; McMahon, Tom J.; Kennedy, Cheryl E.] NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Borek, Theodore T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Michael_Kempe@NREL.gov FU Midwest Research Institute; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2160 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601228 ER PT B AU Emery, K Winter, S Pinegar, S Nalley, D AF Emery, K. Winter, S. Pinegar, S. Nalley, D. GP IEEE TI Linearity testing of photovoltaic cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Photovoltaic devices are rated in terms of their peak power with respect to a specific spectrum, total irradiance, and temperature. To rate photovoltaic devices, a reference detector is required whose response is linear with total irradiance. This paper describes a procedure to determine the linearity of the short-circuit current (I-sc) versus the total irradiance (E-tot) by illuminating a reference cell with two lamps. A device is linear if the current measured with both lamps illuminating the cell is the same as the sum of the currents with each lamp illuminating the cell. The two-lamp method is insensitive to the light spectra or spatial nonuniformity changing with irradiance. The two-lamp method is rapid, easy to implement, and does not require operator intervention to change the irradiances. The presence of room light only limits the lowest irradiance that can be evaluated. Unlike other methods, the two-lamp method does not allow the current to be corrected for nonlinear effects. C1 [Emery, K.] NREL, 1917 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Winter, S.] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Pinegar, S.] Pomona High Sch, Arvada, CO USA. [Nalley, D.] Purdue Univ, South Bend, IN USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), NREL, 1917 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM keith_emery@nrel.gov FU Midwest Research Institute [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work has been authored by an employee or employees of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2177 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601233 ER PT B AU Dugenske, A Albin, D AF Dugenske, Andrew Albin, David GP IEEE TI Information technology strategies for the production of solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Solar cells are photovoltaic devices made tip of different layers of materials: substrates, semiconductors, dielectrics, metals, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), anti-reflection coatings, encapsulants, etc. Each layer serves a particular role in the overall functioning of the device. In these structures, the semiconductor layers serve the purpose of converting solar photons to electron-hole pairs and establishing the electric field necessary to separate charge and generate external power. Different cell technologies are known primarily by which semiconductor(s) performs this task. As with most manufacturing processes, information technology is playing an ever-increasing role in the production of solar cells. Currently, NREL's polycrystalline thin film group uses a client-server architecture for collecting data from both measurement-test apparatus and prototype manufacturing equipment. Data from these machines is transferred to a central data warehouse where analytical and data mining techniques are used to study both existing and yet unknown correlations between solar cell fabrication and performance/stability metrics. In an effort to facilitate data exchange with future systems we are developing an information technology strategy based upon the CAMX (Computer Aided Manufacturing using XML) standards to facilitate the efficient transfer of data between data publishers and consumers. By making use of CAMX, we feel that it can greatly reduce the cost and effort of exchanging information and will allow us to focus more resources on our core mission. C1 [Dugenske, Andrew] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Albin, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dugenske, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; NREL [B01-6D0] FX NRELs contribution to this work was completed under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy and is subject to a Government license. Georgia Techs contribution to this work is supported by NREL under contract #B01-6D0. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2185 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601235 ER PT B AU Li, B King, D Boyson, W TamizhMani, G AF Li, Bo King, David Boyson, William TamizhMani, Govindasamy GP IEEE TI Implementation and validation of Sandia outdoor photovoltaic test method and performance model at Arizona State University SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper deals with the technology transfer of a specific photovoltaic (PV) module characterization procedure from Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) to Arizona State University Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory (ASU-PTL). This effort was intended to meet industry requests for independent module performance testing that provides the parameters (coefficients) required by the Sandia performance model. The objective of this work was two fold: (i) implement Sandia's experimental methodology at ASU-PTL to collect and analyze sunrise-to-sunset module performance data; and (ii) validate Sandia's performance model by comparing the modeled performance based on analysis of daylong data sets with performance determined using traditional standardized procedures. This paper reports lessons learned as well as the successful completion of this effort. C1 [Li, Bo; TamizhMani, Govindasamy] Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Testing Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [King, David; Boyson, William] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Testing Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM bo.li@asu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2210 EP 2213 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601242 ER PT B AU Whitaker, C Newmiller, J Bower, W AF Whitaker, Chuck Newmiller, Jeff Bower, Ward GP IEEE TI Inverter performance certification: Results from the Sandia test protocol SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB This paper discusses results of the work to develop a test protocol for evaluating PV inverter performance, results obtained by testing to the protocol as required by the California Energy Commission (CEC), and the use of those results to develop and evaluate inverter performance models. This paper presents preliminary results of the modeling effort, comparing the models derived from CEC data with field measurements from sample systems. C1 [Whitaker, Chuck; Newmiller, Jeff] BEW Engn, 2303 Camino Ramno, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Bower, Ward] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Whitaker, C (reprint author), BEW Engn, 2303 Camino Ramno, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. EM wcpec@bewengineering.com FU Sandia [401737]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed under Sandia Contract 401737. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2219 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601245 ER PT B AU Pankow, JW Glick, SH AF Pankow, Joel W. Glick, Stephen H. GP IEEE TI Plasma surface modification of polymer backsheets: Origins of future interfacial barrier/backsheet failure SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Flexible polymer substrates coated with inorganic oxide moisture barriers are a potential replacement for glass backsheets in thin-film PV (photovoltaic) modules. Silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents one potential new backsheet candidate. Barrier deposition runs at NREL have included a nitrogen-rich plasma pretreatment prior to barrier deposition with the intention of cleaning the PET surface and enhancing adhesion of the SiOxNy barrier film to PET; however, test coupons of PET/banier/EVA/TPE failed after damp-heat exposure. (EVA is ethylene vinyl acetate and TPE is Tedlar-PET-EVA). PET substrates exposed to plasma conditions similar to those used in pretreatment were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to reveal that new low molecular weight PET fragments were created at the PET surface. These fragments are responsible for barrier/PET interfacial failure and barrier transfer to the EVA encapsulant side following damp heat exposure. C1 [Pankow, Joel W.; Glick, Stephen H.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pankow, JW (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joel_pankow@nrel.gov FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX The NREL work was performed under DOE contract DE-AC36-99GO10337. Gary Jorgensen and Kent Terwilliger of NREL are acknowledged for their contributions on barrier test coupon lamination and dampheat testing. Joseph DelCueto of NREL is acknowledged for his contributions towards production of the barrier film. Sally Asher, Tom McMahon, Pete Sheldon and Carol Riordan, all of NREL, are acknowledged for their support of this project. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2250 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601253 ER PT B AU Warner, CL Wassmer, MR AF Warner, Cecile L. Wassmer, Michael R. GP IEEE TI Solar Decathlon 2005 - PV system strategies and results SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The 2005 Solar Decathlon, an 18-team international collegiate competition of solar-powered homes, was held on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., in October 2005. For the teams, accomplishing the energy-consuming tasks required by the 10-contest competition and public event was quite challenging during the particular week of the competition owing to unseasonably cloudy and rainy weather. While no team had designed for as little solar radiation as was available during those five competition days, successful teams employed a combination of technical acumen and savvy strategy to accumulate the most points in the contests scored by objective measurements. (Some contests were scored subjectively by judges.) Following are a description of the competition, a description of the solar power systems used by entries in the Solar Decathlon, a summary of how the teams operated the PV systems in their homes, and an assessment of how the homes actually performed in the measured contests during the 2005 competition. The potential for operation of non-Solar Decathlon households with PV systems employing battery backup during periods of grid outage and limited solar resource is also discussed. C1 [Warner, Cecile L.; Wassmer, Michael R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warner, CL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cecile_warner@nrel.gov FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. The authors wish to thank Richard King of the U.S. Department of Energy for his tireless support of this project, and the 2005 Solar Decathlon teams for their participation and inspiration. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2272 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601259 ER PT B AU King, DL Galbraith, GM Boyson, WE Gonzalez, S Murray, AT Ginn, JW Bower, WI AF King, D. L. Galbraith, G. M. Boyson, W. E. Gonzalez, S. Murray, A. T. Ginn, J. W. Bower, W. I. GP IEEE TI Array performance characterization and modeling for real-time performance analysis of photovoltaic systems SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Improvements in the methods used for photovoltaic (PV) system design, performance rating, and long-term monitoring are needed by the rapidly growing industry, as well as by the U. S. Department of Energy in evaluating progress by solar technology development initiatives. This paper describes an improved model for rating and monitoring PV array performance, discusses initial results from an outdoor laboratory designed to assist industry in optimizing system components and integration, and provides a brief discussion of the system performance metrics currently being used by the PV community. C1 [King, D. L.; Galbraith, G. M.; Boyson, W. E.; Gonzalez, S.; Murray, A. T.; Ginn, J. W.; Bower, W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge cooperative system research and development efforts with Chuck Whitaker (BEW Engineering), Andy Rosenthal (SWTDI), and Kevin Lynn (FSEC). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2308 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601267 ER PT B AU Wiles, J Bower, W AF Wiles, John Bower, Ward GP IEEE TI Changes in the National Electrical Code (R) for PV installations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The National Electrical Code (R) (NE (R)) is the predominant installation standard for all electrical installations in the U.S. and has been adopted in whole or part by all 50 states. More than 65,000 electrical inspectors in more than 40,000 jurisdictions are charged with enforcing the Code. The ten and one-half-page Article 690 specifically addresses photovoltaic (PV) power systems. More than 60 percent of the rest of the nearly 800 pages of the NEC apply to electrical power system installations including PV systems. An "Industry Forum" consisting of nearly 100 members of the PV industry, utilities, academia, and government agencies reviews all sections of the existing NEC for installation requirements that pertain to PV systems. The forum participants review the existing NEC for system installation requirements and propose consensus improvements or changes consistent with the safe evolution of PV technology. The forum proposed 42 improvements and changes for the 2008 code cycle. The proposals were based on a collaborative process of information exchange between electrical inspectors, PV installers, PV systems designers and integrators, equipment manufacturers, and other members of the PV industry forum. A summary of the proposals, the pertinent impacts and current status is presented. C1 New Mexico State Univ, SW Technol Dev Inst, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bower, Ward] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wiles, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, SW Technol Dev Inst, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwiles@mmsu.edu; wibower@sandia.gov FU DOE [DE-FC36-05GO15149]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The Southwest Region Experiment Station is operated by the Southwest Technology Development Institute, College of Engineering at New Mexico State University. Work is performed under DOE contract DE-FC36-05GO15149. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2331 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601273 ER PT B AU Ropp, M Haggerty, K Ginn, J Stevens, J Bower, W Gonzalez, S AF Ropp, M. Haggerty, K. Ginn, J. Stevens, J. Bower, W. Gonzalez, S. GP IEEE TI Discussion of the physical mechanisms behind the observed behavior of motors in islanded loads SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB As work continues on synchronizing anti-islanding standards worldwide, disagreement remains as to whether it is necessary to include motors in the loads used in the tests. One reason is that there is still a lack of a full physical understanding of the behavior of motor loads in islands. This paper explores the behavior of single-phase induction motors in islands and proposes a theory to explain the available observations. The use of parallel RLC loads to adequately model motors for islanding tests is discussed. Finally, the appropriateness of including a motor acting as a flywheel is questioned. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Ginn, J.; Stevens, J.; Bower, W.; Gonzalez, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ropp, M (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. FU NSF [NSF grant ECS-0238533]; Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank Dr. Steven Hietpas of SDSU for his insights on the Bode plots, and Nybergs Ace Hardware and Beckman Implement, both of Brookings, SD, for allowing us to test their motors. This work was partially supported by NSF grant ECS-0238533. We also acknowledge the support of the Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corpora tion, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2343 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601276 ER PT B AU Ropp, M Larson, D Meendering, S McMahon, D Ginn, J Stevens, J Bower, W Gonzalez, S Fennell, K Brusseau, L AF Ropp, M. Larson, D. Meendering, S. McMahon, D. Ginn, J. Stevens, J. Bower, W. Gonzalez, S. Fennell, K. Brusseau, L. GP IEEE TI Discussion of a power line carrier communications-based anti-islanding scheme using a commercial automatic meter reading system SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Many methods for detecting and preventing islanding of photovoltaic and other distributed energy resources (DERs) have been proposed. However, in general, all anti-islanding systems that are based in the inverter have a "non-detection zone" (NDZ), which is a range of loads that defeat that anti-islanding mechanism. One alternative is to use power line carrier communications (PLCC). In this work, a PLCC-based anti-islanding system that works with a commercially-available automatic meter reading system is explored. Initial experimental results on this PLCC anti-islanding system are presented. The effectiveness of PLCC-based islanding prevention is discussed, and conclusions about this method are offered. C1 [Ropp, M.; Larson, D.; Meendering, S.; McMahon, D.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Ginn, J.; Stevens, J.; Gonzalez, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fennell, K.; Brusseau, L.] Hunt Tecnol Inc, Pequot Lakes, MN 56472 USA. RP Ropp, M (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. FU U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2351 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601278 ER PT B AU Ropp, M Ginn, J Stevens, J Bower, W Gonzale, S AF Ropp, M. Ginn, J. Stevens, J. Bower, W. Gonzale, S. GP IEEE TI Simulation and experimental study of the impedance detection anti-islanding method in the single-inverter case SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The impedance detection method of islanding prevention is often touted as one that possesses no nondetection zone in the single-inverter case. However, simulation results and experiments indicate that this is not necessarily true; the effectiveness of impedance detection is highly dependent on the specific implementation of the method. This paper discusses a simulation and experimental study to examine the origins of this nondetection zone, and a simple modification that appears to significantly reduce the size of the nondetection zone. C1 [Ropp, M.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Ginn, J.; Stevens, J.; Bower, W.; Gonzale, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ropp, M (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. FU Sandia Corporation; National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2379 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601285 ER PT B AU Fthenakis, VM Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, V. M. Kim, H. C. GP IEEE TI Quantifying the life-cycle environmental profile of photovoltaics and comparisons with other electricity-generating technologies SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID ENERGY PAYBACK; EMISSIONS AB The various detrimental environmental and health effects of conventional electricity generation have long been recognized. Renewable technologies offer the opportunity for reducing such impacts, but, during their entire life cycle, their use is not without effects. Indeed, some major European and Australian studies portrayed photovoltaic systems as causing significant life-cycle environmental and health impacts, due to the fossil energy used in the production of cell and module materials. However, the most recent studies on the life-cycle impacts of c-Si and thin film photovoltaics show that, they are drastically lower than the ones earlier reported. Such improvements reflect the more effective use of material, thinner layers, improvements in the balance-of-systems components and installation, frameless modules, and higher conversion efficiencies. This paper summarizes a comparison of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the life-cycle of PV, nuclear, fossil and biomass electricity generation in the U.S. C1 [Fthenakis, V. M.; Kim, H. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl PV EH&S Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vmf@bnl.gov FU Solar Technologies Program, Conservation and Renewable Energy; United States Department of Energy [DE-AEC0276CH000016] FX This work was funded by the Solar Technologies Program, Conservation and Renewable Energy, United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AEC0276CH000016. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2477 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601310 ER PT B AU Trancik, JE Zweibel, K AF Trancik, Jessika E. Zweibel, Ken GP IEEE TI Technology choice and the cost reduction potential of photovoltaics SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We use a combination of system component analyses and individual experience curves for crystalline silicon (x-Si) modules, thin-film (TF) modules, and the balance of system (BOS) components, to compare future growth scenarios for photovoltaics (PV). The growth rates of TF and x-Si technologies are varied, while overall PV growth is held constant at 30%. For each of these scenarios, we estimate the total investment required for PV to reach a break-even point with fossil fuel based generation; and we investigate the intrinsic/lowest achievable costs from an analysis of potential materials, processing, and efficiency improvements. Our results show that a high growth rate (50 to 70% per year) of new technologies with low intrinsic costs could decrease the total investment required to reach break-even by up to 70 billion USD, as compared to a scenario where x-Si continues to dominate the market. Furthermore, the system component analysis indicates that existing TF modules can reach the low cost levels assumed in the experience curve model. These results suggest that the future growth of photovoltaics (PV) is dependent on which PV technologies grow most rapidly. New, low intrinsic cost technologies that are successfully able to enter the market could dramatically increase the potential for PV to become a globally significant energy conversion technology within the next two decades. C1 [Trancik, Jessika E.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Zweibel, Ken] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Trancik, Jessika E.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Trancik, JE (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jtrancik@columbia.edu FU DOE [DE-AC38-99-GO10337]; U.S. Department of Energy FX JET thanks the Santa Fe Institute and the Earth Institute, Columbia University, for funding this research. The authors thank Vijay Modi for insightful comments. NREL's contribution to this work was completed under DOE Contract No. DE-AC38-99-GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy and is subject to a governmentlicense. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2490 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601313 ER PT B AU Friedman, DJ Mitchell, RL Keyes, BM Bower, WI King, R Mazer, JA AF Friedman, D. J. Mitchell, R. L. Keyes, B. M. Bower, W. I. King, R. Mazer, J. A. GP IEEE TI PV Manufacturing R&D Project status and accomplishments under "in-line diagnostics and intelligent processing" and "yield, durability and reliability" SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The PV Manufacturing R&D (PVMR&D) Project conducts cost-shared research and development programs with U.S. PV industry partners. There are currently two active industry partnership activities. "in-line Diagnostics and Intelligent Processing," launched in 2002, supports development of new in-line diagnostics and monitoring with real-time feedback for optimal process control and increased yield in the fabrication of PV modules, systems, and other system components. "Yield, Durability and Reliability," launched in late 2004, supports enhancement of PV module, system component, and complete system reliability in high-volume manufacturing. A second key undertaking of the PVMR&D Project is the collection and analysis of module production cost-capacity metrics for the U.S. PV industry. In the period from 1992 through 2005, the average module manufacturing cost in 2005 dollars fell 54% (5.7% annualized) to $2.73/Wp, and the capacity increased 18.5-fold (25% annualized) to 251 MW/yr. An experience curve analysis gives progress ratios of 87% and 81%, respectively, for U.S. silicon and thin-film module production. C1 [Friedman, D. J.; Mitchell, R. L.; Keyes, B. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bower, W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Mazer, J. A.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM daniel_friedman@nrel.gov FU DOE [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The core of the PV Manufacturing R&D Project is the participation of the industry partners. We are especially grateful to the companies for providing their production cost -capacity data to the industry survey presented here. We also thank S. Pedigo and A. Hicks fortheir many contributions to the Project. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2502 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601317 ER PT B AU Barnett, A Honsberg, C Kirkpatrick, D Kurt, S Moore, D Salzman, D Schwartz, R Gray, J Bowden, S Goossen, K Haney, M Aiken, D Wanlass, M Emery, K AF Barnett, Allen Honsberg, Christiana Kirkpatrick, Douglas Kurt, Sarah Moore, Duncan Salzman, David Schwartz, Richard Gray, Jeffrey Bowden, Stuart Goossen, Keith Haney, Michael Aiken, Dan Wanlass, Mark Emery, Keith GP IEEE TI 50% efficient solar cell architectures and designs SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Very High Efficiency Solar Cells (VHESC) for portable applications [1] that operate at greater than 55 percent efficiency in the laboratory and 50 percent in production are being created. We are integrating the optical design with the solar cell design, and have entered previously unoccupied design space that leads to a new paradigm. This project requires us to invent, develop and transfer to production these new solar cells. Our approach is driven by proven quantitative models for the solar cell design, the optical design and the integration of these designs. We start with a very high performance crystalline silicon solar cell platform. Examples will be presented. Initial solar cell device results are shown for devices fabricated in geometries designed for this VHESC Program. C1 [Barnett, Allen; Honsberg, Christiana; Haney, Michael] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Douglas] DARPA, Arlington, TX USA. [Kurt, Sarah] NREL, Golden, CO USA. [Moore, Duncan] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Salzman, David] LightSpin Technol, Binghamton, NY USA. [Schwartz, Richard; Gray, Jeffrey] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Aiken, Dan] Emcore Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Barnett, A (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM abarnett@udel.edu FU DARPA/ARO [W911NF-05-9-0005]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-9GO10337] FX This work was partially supported by DARPA/ARO Agreement No.:W911NF-05-9-0005.We thank Tom Moriarty, James Kiehl, S. Ward, J. Carapella, C. Kramer, M. Young, A. Duda, and C. Mack for the NREL sample preparation and measurement. NRELs portion of this work was completed under Contract No. DE-AC36-9GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0016-3 PY 2006 BP 2560 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BFD80 UT WOS:000241251601332 ER PT S AU EL-Refaie, AM Jahns, TM McKeever, JW AF EL-Refaie, Ayman M. Jahns, Thomas M. McKeever, John W. GP IEEE TI Modified Vector Control Algorithm for Increasing Partial-Load Efficiency of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding Surface PM Machines SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE concentrated windings; fractional-slot windings; flux weakening; partial-load efficiency; permanent magnet synchronous machine; surface PM motor; vector control ID PERMANENT-MAGNET MACHINES; SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR-DRIVES; BRUSHLESS AC MACHINES; TORQUE AB This paper presents a modified vector control algorithm for a fractional-slot concentrated-winding surface PM machine that has been developed to maximize the machine's partial-load efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. By increasing the amplitude of the negative d-axis current, the resulting increase in the stator copper losses can be more than offset by the reduction in the iron core losses achieved by lowering the stator d-axis flux amplitude. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated using both analytical models and finite element analysis (FEA) for a 55 kW (peak) surface PM machine design developed for a demanding set of traction drive performance requirements. For this example, the modified control strategy increases the partial-load efficiency at 20% of rated torque by >6% at 2000 rpm compared to the maximum torque/Amp algorithm, making the machine much more attractive for its intended application. C1 [EL-Refaie, Ayman M.] GE Global Res Ctr, Elect Machines & Drives Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Jahns, Thomas M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI USA. [McKeever, John W.] Natl Transport Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP EL-Refaie, AM (reprint author), GE Global Res Ctr, Elect Machines & Drives Lab, Niskayuna, NY USA. EM elrefaie@research.ge.com; jahns@engr.wisc.edu; mckeeverjw@ornl.gov FU UT-Battelle, LLC [40000038691]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Subcontract 40000038691 and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400008 ER PT S AU Xu, Y Tolbert, LM Chiasson, JN Campbell, JB Peng, FZ AF Xu, Yan Tolbert, Leon M. Chiasson, John N. Campbell, Jeremy B. Peng, Fang Z. GP IEEE TI Active Filter Implementation Using a Generalized Nonactive Power Theory SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE active filter; nonactive power; reactive power; STATCOM; harmonics; subharmonics; non-periodic ID REACTIVE POWER; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a generalized nonactive power theory, in which the instantaneous currents (active and nonactive) and instantaneous powers (active and nonactive) are defined. This theory is implemented in a parallel nonactive power compensation system. The theory is valid if the system is three-phase or single-phase, sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal, periodic or non-periodic, balanced or unbalanced. Four cases, three-phase balanced RL load, three-phase unbalanced RL load, diode rectifier load, and single-phase RL load are tested in the experiments. A subharmonic load compensation and a nonperiodic load compensation are simulated in Matlab. The simulation and experimental results not only verify the validity of the theory, but also show that this theory can perform instantaneous nonactive power compensation with fast dynamic response. C1 [Xu, Yan; Tolbert, Leon M.; Chiasson, John N.] Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Campbell, Jeremy B.] Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Peng, Fang Z.] Michigan State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yxu3@utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu; chiasson@utk.edu; campbelljb@ornl.gov; fzpeng@msu.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU National Science Foundation; NSF [ECS-0093884] FX We would like to thank the National Science Foundation for supporting this work through contract NSF ECS-0093884. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400024 ER PT S AU Zhang, H Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B Chinthavali, MS AF Zhang, Hui Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak Chinthavali, Madhu S. GP IEEE TI A SiC-Based Converter as a Utility Interface for a Battery System SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Silicon carbide (SiC); JFET; Schottky diode; inverter; modeling; battery ID INVERTER AB The purpose of this work is to provide validated models to estimate the performance of a SiC-based converter as a utility interface in battery systems. System design and modeling are described in detail. Simulations are done for both a SiC JFET converter and its Si counterpart based on the quality of tested devices. The simulation results indicate that in both charging and discharging modes, the SiC converter has a better performance compared to the Si one. (1) With the same heatsink size and ambient temperature, great advantages in efficiency and junction temperatures were found in the SiC-based converter. (2) With the same thermal limit, large savings in system weight and volume combined with a high efficiency were found in the SiC-based converter. C1 [Zhang, Hui; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engin, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak; Chinthavali, Madhu S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engin, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hzhang18@utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu; ozpinecib@ornl.gov; chinthavalim@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 346 EP 350 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400051 ER PT S AU Han, C Chen, B Tewari, K Liu, W Huang, AQ Ingram, M Edris, AA Atcitty, S AF Han, Chong Chen, Bin Tewari, Karan Liu, Wei Huang, Alex Q. Ingram, Mike Edris, Abdel-Aty Atcitty, Stanley GP IEEE TI An ETO Thyristor and Modular H-bridge PWM Converter-based 4.5MVA STATCOM: 480V/500A Transformerless Grid-Connected Experimentation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO); pulse width modulation (PWM); cascaded-multilevel converter (CMC); STATCOM; transformerless; energization AB Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), providing quick and robust voltage support, is an "enabling infrastructure technology" for the electric power system today. Based on the emerging emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor and cascaded-multilevel converter (CMC) comprising modular H-bridge voltage source converters (VSCs), a 4.5MVA prototype STATCOM system is developed. In this paper, the 480V/500A transformerless grid-connected experimentation of the STATCOM prototype is presented. The system design with emphasis on the passive component selection and digital controller is described. An AC-side energization and de-energization method of the STATCOM is proposed and experimentally verified. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic performance, as well as the DC bus voltage balancing, are shown. The system loss and cooling performance are given. Through such experimentation, the prospect of a state-of-the-art STATCOM system with high performance and low cost is demonstrated. C1 [Han, Chong; Chen, Bin; Tewari, Karan; Liu, Wei; Huang, Alex Q.] North Carolina Cent Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27707 USA. [Ingram, Mike] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37912 USA. [Edris, Abdel-Aty] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87123 USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), North Carolina Cent Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27707 USA. EM chhan@ieee.org RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Program; Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Energy Storage Program, Electric Power Research Institute, and Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 1039 EP 1044 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400150 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Tang, LX Huang, XH AF Su, Gui-Jia Tang, Lixin Huang, Xianghui GP IEEE TI Control of Two Permanent Magnet Machines Using a Five-Leg Inverter for Automotive Applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE integrated dual PM motor drive; two-phase PM motor for automotive HVAC compressor drive; sensorless control of a two-phase PM motor; digital motor control AB This paper presents digital control schemes for control of two permanent magnet (PM) machines in an integrated traction and air-conditioning compressor drive system for automotive applications. The integrated drive system employs a five-leg inverter to power a three-phase traction PM motor and a two-phase compressor PM motor by tying the common terminal of the two-phase motor to the neutral point of the three-phase motor. Compared to a standalone three-phase or two-phase inverter, it eliminates one phase leg and shares the control electronics between the two drives, thus significantly reducing the component count of the compressor drive. To demonstrate that the speed and torque of the two PM motors can be controlled independently, a control strategy was implemented in a digital signal processor, which includes a rotor flux field orientation based control (RFOC) for the three-phase motor, a similar RFOC and a position sensorless control in the brushless dc (BLDC) mode for the two-phase motor. Control implementation issues unique to a two-phase PM motor are also discussed. Test results with the three-phase motor running in the ac synchronous (ACS) mode while the two-phase motor either in the ACS or the BLDC mode are included to verify the independent speed and torque control capability of the integrated drive. C1 [Su, Gui-Jia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. [Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Huang, Xianghui] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov; tangl@ornl.gov; huang@research.ge.com FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 1606 EP 1612 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400233 ER PT B AU Huesemann, MH Fortman, TJ Riley, RG Thompson, CJ Wang, ZM Truex, MJ Peyton, B AF Huesemann, MH Fortman, TJ Riley, RG Thompson, CJ Wang, ZM Truex, MJ Peyton, B BE Calabrese, EJ Kostecki, PT Dragun, J TI Slow desorption of phenanthrene from silica particles: Influence of pore size, pore water, and aging time SO CONTAMINATED SOILS, SEDIMENTS AND WATER VOLUME 10: SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES SE CONTAMINATED SOILS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Amherst, MA DE contaminant fate and transport; contaminant sequestration; desorption kinetics; aging methodology; porous silica; phenanthrene; two-compartment model ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DESORPTION; UNSATURATED CONDITIONS; HALOGENATED ORGANICS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; SOIL; SOLIDS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB When micro-porous and meso-porous silica particles were exposed to aqueous phenanthrene solutions for various durations it was observed that sorbed-phase phenanthrene concentrations increased with aging time only for meso-porous but not micro-porous silicas. Desorption equilibrium was reached almost instantaneously for the micro-porous particles while both the rate and extent of desorption decreased with increasing aging time for the meso-porous silicas. These findings indicate that phenanthrene can be sequestered within the internal pore-space of meso-porous silicas while the internal surfaces of micro-porous silicas are not accessible to phenanthrene sorption, possibly due to the presence of physi - or chemi-sorbed water that may sterically hinder the diffusion of phenanthrene inside water-filled micropores. By contrast, the internal surfaces of these micro-porous silicas are accessible to phenanthrene when incorporation methods are employed which assure that pores are devoid of physi-sorbed water. Consequently, when phenanthrene was incorporated into these particles using either supercritical CO2 or via solvent soaking, the aqueous desorption kinetics were extremely slow indicating effective sequestration of phenanthrene inside micro-porous particles. Finally, a two compartment conceptual model is used to interpret the experimental findings and the implications for contaminant fate and transport are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 FU Environmental Technology Partnerships (ETP) Program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy.; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This research was supported by the Environmental Technology Partnerships (ETP) Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-28322-6 J9 CONTAM SOILS PY 2006 BP 1 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDL55 UT WOS:000234127600001 ER PT J AU Qin, H Cohen, RH Nevins, WM Xu, XQ AF Qin, H. Cohen, R. H. Nevins, W. M. Xu, X. Q. TI General gyrokinetic equations for edge plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Julich, GERMANY DE gyrokinetic equation; edge plasma ID GUIDING CENTER MOTION; GOLDBERGER-LOW THEORY; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; MODES; INSTABILITIES; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY; TOKAMAKS AB During the pedestal cycle of H-mode edge plasmas in tokamak experiments, large-amplitude pedestal build-up and destruction coexist with small-amplitude drift wave turbulence. The pedestal dynamics simultaneously includes fast time-scale electromagnetic instabilities, long time-scale turbulence-induced transport processes, and more interestingly the interaction between them. To numerically simulate the pedestal dynamics from first principles, it is desirable to develop an effective algorithm based on the gyrokinetic theory. However, existing gyrokinetic theories cannot treat fully nonlinear electromagnetic perturbations with multi-scale-length structures in spacetime, and therefore do not apply to edge plasmas. A set of generalized gyrokinetic equations valid for the edge plasmas has been derived. This formalism allows large-amplitude, time-dependent background electromagnetic fields to be developed fully nonlinearly in addition to small-amplitude, short-wavelength electromagnetic perturbations. It turns out that the most general gyrokinetic theory can be geometrically formulated. The Poincare-Cartan-Einstein 1-form on the 7D phase space determines particles' worldlines in the phase space, and realizes the momentum integrals in kinetic theory as fiber integrals. The infinitesimal generator of the gyro-symmetry is then asymptotically constructed as the base for the gyrophase coordinate of the gyrocenter coordinate system. This is accomplished by applying the Lie coordinate perturbation method to the Poincare-Cartan-Einstein 1-form. General gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations are then developed as the Vlasov-Maxwell equations in the gyrocenter coordinate system, rather than a set of new equations. Because the general gyrokinetic system developed is geometrically the same as the Vlasov-Maxwell equations, all the coordinate-independent properties of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations, such as energy conservation, momentum conservation, and phase space volume conservation, are automatically carried over to the general gyrokinetic system. The pullback transformation associated with the coordinate transformation is shown to be an indispensable part of the general gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. As an example, the pullback transformation in the gyrokinetic Poisson equation is explicitly expressed in terms of moments of the gyrocenter distribution function, with the important gyro-orbit squeezing effect due to the large electric field shearing in the edge and the full finite Larmour radius effect for short wavelength fluctuations. The familiar "polarization drift density" in the gyrocenter Poisson equation is replaced by a more general expression. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hongqin@princeton.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7-9 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200610034 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089QM UT WOS:000240895600003 ER PT J AU Krasheninnikov, SI Pigarov, AY Tanaka, Y Hutchinson, IH Rognlien, TD Soboleva, TK AF Krasheninnikov, S. I. Pigarov, A. Yu. Tanaka, Y. Hutchinson, I. H. Rognlien, T. D. Soboleva, T. K. TI The 3D simulation of dust particle transport SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Julich, GERMANY DE tokamak; dust; plasma-material interaction; ablation; drag force; fluid modeling ID TOKAMAK; PLASMA AB Recently, the presence of dust particles in tokamak plasma and the role of dust in material re-deposition, core contamination, and tritium inventory brought significant attention of the fusion community. The physical model for dust transport in fusion devices and the newly developed 3D code DUSTT are discussed. The DUSTT code takes into account both the dust dynamics due to dust-plasma interactions as well as the effects of dust charging, heating and evaporation. The code allows tracking of test dust particle in realistic plasma background calculated with edge-plasma transport code UEDGE. Some results on dust transport in DIII-D tokamak are presented. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, MAE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Krasheninnikov, SI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, MAE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@ucsd.edu RI Tanaka, Yasunori/E-6609-2015 OI Tanaka, Yasunori/0000-0002-0796-2507 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7-9 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200610052 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089QM UT WOS:000240895600021 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Ryutov, DD AF Cohen, R. H. Ryutov, D. D. TI Dynamics of an isolated blob in the presence of the X-point SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Julich, GERMANY DE tokamak; SOL; x-point; blob structures; divertor ID FLUTE-LIKE PERTURBATIONS; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PLASMA CONVECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; SHEATH AB The interplay of X-point shearing and axial plasma redistribution along a moving flux tube is discussed. Blobs limited to the main scrape-off-layer and blobs entirely confined in the divertor region are identified. A strong effect of the radial tilt of the divertor plate on "divertor" blobs is found. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7-9 BP 678 EP 684 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200610063 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089QM UT WOS:000240895600032 ER PT J AU Hogan, JT Giannella, R Corre, Y Mitteau, R Thomas, P Tsitrone, E AF Hogan, J. T. Giannella, R. Corre, Y. Mitteau, R. Thomas, P. Tsitrone, E. TI Integrated codes model for erosion-deposition in long discharges SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Julich, GERMANY DE impurities; plasma-material interactions; tokamaks; power exhaust ID SUPRA ERGODIC DIVERTOR; TORE-SUPRA; PLASMAS AB There is increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms causing the deuterium retention rates which are observed in the longest high power tokamak discharges, and its possible relation to near term choices which must be made for plasma-facing components in next generation devices [1]. Both co-deposition and bulk diffusion models are regarded as potentially relevant. This contribution describes a global model for the co-deposition axis of this dilemma, which includes as many of the relevant processes which may contribute to it as is computationally feasible, following the 'maximal ordering/minimal simplification' strategy described in Kruskal's "Asymptotology" [2]. The global model is interpretative, meaning that some key information describing the bulk plasma is provided by experimental measurement, and the models for the impurity processes relevant to retention, given this measured background, are simulated and compared with other data. In particular, the model describes the carbon balance in near steady-state systems, to be able to understand the relation between retention in present devices and the level which might be expected in fusion reactors, or precursor experiments such as ITER. The key modules of the global system describe impurity generation, their transport in and through the SOL, and core impurity transport. The codes IMPFLU, BBQ, and ITC/MIST, in order of the appearance of the processes they describe, are used to calculate the balance: IMPFLU is an adaptation of the TOKAFLU module of CAST3M [3], developed by CEA, which is a 3-D, time-dependent finite elements code which determines the thermal and mechanical properties of plasma-facing components. BBQ [4, 5] is a Monte Carlo guiding center code which describes trace impurity transport in a 3-D defined-plasma background, to calculate observables (line emission) for comparison with spectroscopy. ITC [6] and MIST [7] are radial core multi-species impurity transport codes. The modules are linked together into a global carbon balance system in order to enable prediction of erosion, re-deposition and co-deposition rates, for comparison with spectroscopic observations. The coupling of these processes is critical since, as will be discussed, owing to the role of self-sputtering the coupled core-SOL-surface model is nonlinear and is not guaranteed to have a finite solution. Idealized examples of possible system behavior are taken from typical conditions of Tore Supra CIEL long discharges. The role of SOL phenomena, such as enhanced self-sputtering due to an LH-induced fast electron component, on resultant core impurity accumulation and co-deposition rate is used as an illustration of the behavior of the coupled system. Experimental validation will require component-by-component spectroscopic validation, additional input from more detailed gryo-orbit codes, especially for intra-gap phenomena, and information from kinetic sheath models. Some outstanding issues in this respect will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Cadarache, DRFC, St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Hogan, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hoganjt@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7-9 BP 750 EP 756 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200610073 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089QM UT WOS:000240895600042 ER PT S AU Cui, XH Potok, TE AF Cui, Xiaohui Potok, Thomas E. BE Klusch, M Rovatsos, M Payne, TR TI A distributed agent implementation of multiple species flocking model for document partitioning clustering SO COOPERATIVE INFORMATION AGENTS X, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Natl eSci Ctr, Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Intelligent Syst & Their Applicat, Whitestein Technol, British Soc Study Artificial Intelligence & Simulat Behav, IEEE Comp Soc Standards Org Comm FIPA Intelligent & Phys Agents DE swarm; bio-inspired; clustering; agent; flocking; VSM ID ALGORITHM AB The Flocking model, first proposed by Craig Reynolds, is one of the first bio-inspired computational collective behavior models that has many popular applications, such as animation. Our early research has resulted in a flock clustering algorithm that can achieve better performance than the K-means or the Ant clustering algorithms for data clustering. This algorithm generates a clustering of a given set of data through the embedding of the high-dimensional data items on a two-dimensional grid for efficient clustering result retrieval and visualization. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired clustering model, the Multiple Species Flocking clustering model (MSF), and present a distributed multi-agent MSF approach for document clustering. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Cuix@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-38569-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4149 BP 124 EP 137 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFB83 UT WOS:000240907300010 ER PT S AU Farrugia, CJ Matsui, H Kucharek, H Jordanova, VK Torbert, RB Ogilvie, KW Berdichevsky, DB Smith, CW Skoug, R AF Farrugia, C. J. Matsui, H. Kucharek, H. Jordanova, V. K. Torbert, R. B. Ogilvie, K. W. Berdichevsky, D. B. Smith, C. W. Skoug, R. BE Cohen, C TI Survey of intense Sun-Earth connection events (1995-2003) SO CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AND SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS IN SOLAR CYCLE 23 SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE strongly geoeffective configurations in cycle 23; interacting ejecta as cause of intense storms ID SOLAR-WIND; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; EJECTA AB We survey the interplanetary (IP) configurations associated with the largest energy and/or power inputs to the magnetosphere in 1995-2003, i.e., from the last 2 years of solar cycle 22 to the descending phase of solar cycle 23. We work in the "epsilon" formulation of [Perreault, P., Akasofu, S.-L A study of geomagnetic storms, Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 54, 547, 1978]. Using this, we calculate the energy extracted by the magnetosphere from the solar wind, and the powering of the magnetosphere by the solar wind. We carry out a statistical survey to obtain the distribution of power deposition and energy input during this 9-year period. Large events are then defined as those whose energy exceeds 10 J m(-2) and/or whose power exceeds 0.3 mW m(-2). We then correlate the large events with the strength of geomagnetic disturbances they elicited, as measured by the Dst storm index. Finally, the large events are classified in terms of the IP structures involved. (C) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Sect, L3 Govt Serv Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, 39 Coll Rd,Morse Hall Room 414, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM charlie.farrugia@unh.edu OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.051 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFM60 UT WOS:000243095700019 ER PT S AU Tannenbaum, MJ AF Tannenbaum, MJ BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI From the ISR to RHIC - measurements of hard-scattering and jets using inclusive single particle production and 2-particle correlations SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; P-P-COLLISIONS; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; CERN-ISR; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; FINAL-STATES; O PRODUCTION; ENERGY; EVENTS; PIO AB Hard scattering in p-p collisions, discovered at the CERN ISR in 1972 by the method of leading particles, proved that the partons of Deeply Inelastic Scattering strongly interacted with each other. Further ISR measurements utilizing inclusive single or pairs of hadrons established that high PT particles are produced from states with two roughly back-to-back jets which are the result of scattering of constituents of the nucleons as described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which was developed during the course of these measurements. These techniques, which are the only practical method to study hard-scattering and jet phenomena in Au+Au central collisions at RHIC energies, are reviewed, as an introduction to present RHIC measurements. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, 51C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mjt@bnl.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1088/1742-6592/27/1/001 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900001 ER PT S AU Vitev, I AF Vitev, I BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI Large angle hadron correlations from medium-induced gluon radiation SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; MASS SINGULARITIES; JET PROPERTIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA; PIONS AB Final state medium-induced gluon radiation in ultradense nuclear matter is shown to favor large angle emission when compared to vacuum brenisstrahlung due to the suppression of collinear gluons. In a simple model of momentum transfers from the medium to the jet+gluon system the phase space distribution of non-Abelian bremsstrahlung is examined to first order in opacity. Perturbative expression for the contribution of the hadronic fragments from medium-induced gluons to the back-to-back particle correlations is derived. It is found that in the limit of large jet energy loss gluon radiation determines the yield and angular distribution of vertical bar Delta phi vertical bar >= pi/2, di-hadrons to high transverse momenta p(T2), of the associated particles. Clear transition from enhancement to suppression of the away-side di-badron correlations is established at moderate p(T2) and its experimentally accessible features are predicted versus the trigger particle momentum p(T1). The measured away-side correlation function is shown to be sensitive to the broad rapidity distribution of di-jets and their vacuum and medium-induced acoplanarity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Mail Stop H846, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ivitev@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/002 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900002 ER PT S AU van Leeuwen, M AF van Leeuwen, M CA STAR Collaboration BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI High-p(t) hadron production and di-hadron azimuthal correlations from the STAR experiment SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID DENSE MATTER; COLLISIONS; DEPENDENCE AB High-p(t) hadrons are produced in large-momentum transfer parton scatterings in p+p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC. In Au+Au collisions, the production is modified compared to p+p collisions by interactions of the hard-scattered partons with the hot and dense medium. Relevant results on high-p(t) hadron spectra, elliptic flow and azimuthal di-hadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at root sNN = 62.4 GeV are presented and compared to available results at 200 GeV. Qualitatively similar suppression patterns are observed at both energies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mvanleeuwen@lbl.gov OI van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/007 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900007 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JT AF Mitchell, JT CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI Fluctuation results from PHENIX SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AB The PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has made measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in the net charge, the mean transverse momentum, and the charged particle multiplicity as a function of collision energy, centrality, and transverse momentum in heavy ion collisions. The results of these measurements will be reviewed and discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,Bldg 510C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mitchell@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/010 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900010 ER PT S AU Chai, ZW Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Chai, ZW Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B CA PHOBOS Collaboration BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI Analysis of dynamic multiplicity fluctuations at PHOBOS SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID COLLISIONS; MODEL AB This paper presents the analysis of the dynamic fluctuations in the inclusive charged particle multiplicity measured by PHOBOS for Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200GeV within the pseudo-rapidity range of -3 < eta < 3. First the definition of the fluctuations observables used in this analysis is presented, together with the discussion of their physics meaning. Then the procedure for the extraction of dynamic fluctuations is described. Some preliminary results are included to illustrate the correlation features of the fluctuation observable. New dynamic fluctuations results will be available in a later publication. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02- 93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-99ER41099]; NSF [9603486, 0072204]; Polish KBN [2-P03B-10323]; NSC of Taiwan [NSC 89-2112-M-008-024]; [W-31- 109-ENG-38]; [0245011] FX This work was partially supported by: U.S. DOE grants DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02- 93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-99ER41099, and W-31- 109-ENG-38, NSF grants 9603486, 0072204, and 0245011, Polish KBN grant 2-P03B-10323, NSC of Taiwan contract NSC 89-2112-M-008-024. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 128 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/014 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900014 ER PT S AU Majumder, A Koch, V Randrup, J AF Majumder, A Koch, V Randrup, J BE Roland, GM Trainor, TA TI Baryon number and strangeness: signals of a deconfined antecedent SO CORRELATIONS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions CY APR 21-23, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT ID COLLISIONS AB The correlation between baryon number and strangeness is used to discern the nature of the deconfined matter produced at vanishing chemical potential in high-energy nuclear collisions at the BNL RHIC. Comparisons of results of various phenomenological models with correlations extracted from lattice QCD calculations suggest that a quasi-particle picture applies. At finite baryon densities, such as those encountered at the CERN SPS, it is demonstrated that the presence of a first-order phase transition and the accompanying development of spinodal decomposition would significantly enhance the number of strangeness carriers and the associated fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Work supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098). NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 27 BP 184 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/020 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEA03 UT WOS:000236386900020 ER PT S AU Camarda, GS Bolotnikov, AE Carini, GA James, RB Li, L AF Camarda, G. S. Bolotnikov, A. E. Carini, G. A. James, R. B. Li, L. BE Apikyan, S Diamond, D TI Radiation detection - Effects of Tellurium precipitates on charge collection in CZT nuclear radiation detectors SO COUNTERING NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL TERRORISM SE NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Countering Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Yerevan, ARMENIA SP NATO DE CdZnTe; nuclear detectors; room-temperature semiconductor detectors ID CDZNTE AB It has been recently demonstrated that individual Tellurium (Te) precipitates identified with infrared (IR) transmission microscopes in radiation detector-grade CdZnTe (CZT) crystals correlate precisely with poor charge collection. This indicates that Te precipitates adversely affect the electron charge collection efficiency and thus the performance of nuclear radiation detectors produced from the crystals. By employing different techniques we investigated how Te precipitates affect different CZT devices. Our measurements indicate that Te precipitates put limits on the sizes, electrode configurations and spectral performance of CZT detectors. These limits can be relaxed by lowering the size and density of Te precipitates in the detectors. C1 [Camarda, G. S.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Carini, G. A.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Li, L.] Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend 46619, IN USA. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM camarda@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6500 BN 1-4020-4897-1 J9 NATO SEC SCI B PHYS PY 2006 VL 7 BP 199 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4921-8_16 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BEM39 UT WOS:000238125200016 ER PT J AU Randolph, SJ Fowlkes, JD Rack, PD AF Randolph, S. J. Fowlkes, J. D. Rack, P. D. TI Focused, nanoscale electron-beam-induced deposition and etching SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID); electron-beam-induced etching (EBIE); nanotechnology; nanofabrication; microfabrication; field emission; electron microscopy; direct-write; maskless lithography; focused ion beam; electron beam ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS; DIRECT-WRITE NANOLITHOGRAPHY; INDUCED SURFACE-REACTION; INDUCED CARBON MASKING; ASSISTED ION-BEAM; CROSS-SECTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SECONDARY ELECTRONS AB Focused electron-beam-induced (FEB-induced) deposition and etching are versatile, direct-write nanofabrication schemes that allow for selective deposition or removal of a variety of materials. Fundamentally, these processes are governed by an electron-induced reaction with a precursor vapor, which may either result in decomposition to a solid deposit or formation of a volatile etch by-product. The ability to induce such localized reactions by placement of a nanometer-sized focused electron probe has recently drawn considerable attention. In response, we have reviewed much of the relevant literature pertaining to both focused electron-beam-induced etching and deposition. Because these nanoscale processing techniques are still in their relative infancy, a significant amount of scientific research is being conducted to understand, and hence improve, the processes. This article summarizes the associated physics of electron-solid-vapor interactions, discusses related physical processes, and provides an introduction to electron-beam-induced etching (EBIE) and electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID). Additionally, specific applications of FEB-induced processes are discussed and several FEB computer model and simulation results are reviewed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Randolph, SJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM prack@utk.edu OI Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 177 TC 249 Z9 250 U1 26 U2 154 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8436 J9 CRIT REV SOLID STATE JI Crit. Rev. Solid State Mat. Sci. PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 55 EP 89 DI 10.1080/10408430600930438 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 094ZT UT WOS:000241278700001 ER PT J AU Barton, HA Pastoor, TP Baetcke, K Chambers, JE Diliberto, J Doerrer, NG Driver, JH Hastings, CE Iyengar, S Krieger, R Stahl, B Timchalk, C AF Barton, HA Pastoor, TP Baetcke, K Chambers, JE Diliberto, J Doerrer, NG Driver, JH Hastings, CE Iyengar, S Krieger, R Stahl, B Timchalk, C TI The acquisition and application of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) data in agricultural chemical safety assessments SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE absorption; ADME; agricultural chemicals; distribution; excretion; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; tiered testing ID TRICLOPYR 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINYLOXYACETIC ACID; PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; DOSE-DEPENDENT TRANSITIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; POTENTIAL IMPACT; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; DERMAL APPLICATION AB A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoints and exposure durations that are relevant for risk assessment. Incorporation of pharmacokinetic studies describing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is an essential tool for improving the design and interpretation of toxicity studies and their application for safety assessment. A tiered approach is described in which basic pharmacokinetic studies, similar to those for pharmaceuticals, are conducted for regulatory submission. Subsequent tiers provide additional information in an iterative manner, depending on pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity study results, and the intended uses of the compound. C1 ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Infoscicom, Manassas, VA USA. BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Bayer CropSci, Monheim, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Bayer CropSci, Sophia Antipolis, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI, Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoerrer@hesiglobal.org NR 107 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 9 EP 35 DI 10.1080/10408440500534362 PG 27 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 026FL UT WOS:000236324700002 PM 16708693 ER PT J AU Kim, IW Darragh, MR Orme, C Evans, JS AF Kim, IW Darragh, MR Orme, C Evans, JS TI Molecular "tuning" of crystal growth by nacre-associated polypeptides SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MODULATING BIOMINERALIZATION PROTEINS; SHELL PROTEINS; MATRIX PROTEIN; CALCITE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSILICA; BINDING; DOMAINS; PEARLS; LAYER AB The formation and stabilization of the aragonite polymorph in the nacre layer of mollusks is an intriguing process, yet very little is known with regard to the participation of proteins in this process. Previously, we identified the 30 AA N-terminal mineral binding domains (AP7-N, AP24-N, n16-N) of three different nacre-specific proteins (AP7, AP24, n16). These three domains differ in primary sequence and induce morphological changes in CaCO3 crystals in vitro. Using AFM microscopy, we investigated the adsorption of AP7-N, AP24-N. and n16-N onto calcite dislocation hillocks. We observe that both AP7-N and AP24-N are multifunctional; they not only inhibit obtuse step advance but also induce rounded, amorphous-appearing deposits on hillock terraces. In contrast, n16-N pins corner sites at the junction of acute and obtuse steps and promote the emergence of a new set of steps approximately oriented along a line joining the obtuse-obtuse and the acute-acute corners. Random scrambling of the n16-N and AP7-N sequences resulted in substantially reduced mineral modification activities, indicating that the primary sequence of both polypeptides is crucial for correct recognition of surface features. These findings indicate that nacre proteins evolved specialized mineral interaction domains that either recognize different surface features (A-P7-N, AP24-N versus n16-N), or recognize the same features, but with different binding and catalytic activities (AP24-N versus AP7-N). These functional differences may arise from the differences in primary and secondary structure specific to each N-terminal domain. Hypothetically, this molecular diversity would allow complementary and simultaneous protein control ("molecular tuning") of different features of the crystal growth process. C1 NYU, Ctr Biomol Mat Spect, Chem Phys Lab, New York, NY 10010 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Biomol Mat Spect, Chem Phys Lab, 345 E 24th St,Room 1007, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM jse1@nyu.edu RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1021/cg0502183 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 004AF UT WOS:000234723700003 ER PT J AU Elhadj, S Salter, EA Wierzbicki, A De Yoreo, JJ Han, N Dove, PM AF Elhadj, S Salter, EA Wierzbicki, A De Yoreo, JJ Han, N Dove, PM TI Peptide controls on calcite mineralization: Polyaspartate chain length affects growth kinetics and acts as a stereochemical switch on morphology SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PROTEINS; BIOMINERALIZATION; CALCIFICATION; BINDING; MATRIX AB Polyaspartate domains are a prominent feature of proteins associated with biogenic carbonates and have been implicated in modifying crystal morphology through specific interactions with step edges. Here, we show that the morphology and growth kinetics of calcite are modified in a systematic way when a series Of poly-L-aspartates, Asp(1-6), are introduced into solution. In-situ measurements of step propagation rates by atomic force microscopy reveal these effects are strongly chain-length dependent and specific to the crystallographically distinct, obtuse and acute step types. Direct observations of differential roughening and rounding of the step edges demonstrate that, while Asp(1) and Asp(2) have stronger effects on acute step edges, a crossover occurs for the longer Asp(4.5.6) peptides that preferentially affect obtuse steps. Independent analysis of Asp(n)-step edge interactions by semiempirical quantum mechanical modeling gives estimates of aspartate-step edge binding energies and predicts that the crossover should occur at n = 2. The switch occurs because, upon Asp(n) binding, the energy required to dehydrate acute steps is greater than that at the obtuse steps when it = 3-6. Step velocity measurements show that the concentration of Asp(n) needed to stop growth scales exponentially and inversely with the calculated binding energies. A simple model of Asp(n) adsorption to the steps is derived from these results. These findings suggest a process by which small fluctuations in primary structure in proteins can control calcite shape. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Elhadj, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM elhadj@vt.edu RI Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010 NR 26 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1021/cg050288+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 004AF UT WOS:000234723700036 ER PT J AU Chen, G Lin, YH Wang, J AF Chen, G Lin, YH Wang, J TI Microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection for monitoring environmental pollutants SO CURRENT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microchip; capillary electrophoresis; environmental pollutants; amperometry; conductivity; electrochemistry; detectors ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; FILM AMPEROMETRIC DETECTORS; PLANAR POLYMER CHIP; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; SEPARATION; SYSTEMS; FABRICATION; INJECTION AB This paper reviews recent advances and the key strategies in microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for separating and detecting a variety of environmental pollutants. The subjects covered include the fabrication of microfluidic chips, sample pretreatments, ECD, typical applications of microchip CE with ECD in environmental analysis, and future prospects. It is expected that microchip CE-ECD will become a powerful tool in the environmental field and will lead to the creation of truly portable devices. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM gangchen@fudan.edu.cn RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4110 J9 CURR ANAL CHEM JI Curr. Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.2174/157341106775197439 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 011XQ UT WOS:000235302500005 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Lin, KS Logan, J AF Ding, Yu-Shin Lin, Kuo-Shyan Logan, Jean TI PET imaging of norepinephrine transporters SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE norepinephrine transporter; PET; depression; substance abuse; ADHD; methylreboxetine; reboxetine; nisoxetine ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; -LABELED DESIPRAMINE BINDING; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN MEMBRANES; IN-VIVO BINDING; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; LOCUS-COERULEUS; UPTAKE SITES; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS AB The involvement of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the pathophysiology and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance abuse, neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) and depression has long been recognized. However, many of these important findings have resulted from studies in vitro using postmortem tissues; as of now, these results have never been verified via in vivo methods because brain imaging of NET in living systems has been hampered due to the lack of suitable radioligands. The fact that all three monoamine (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) transporters (DAT, NET and SERT) are involved in various neurological and psychiatric diseases further emphasizes the need to develop suitable NET ligands so that researchers will be able to probe the contributions of each monoamine transporter system to specific CNS disorders. In this review article, the design and biological evaluation of several radioligands for imaging the brain NET system with PET are discussed. Based on these characterization studies, including C-11 labeled desipramine (DMI), 2-hydroxydesipramine (HDMI), talopram, talsupram, nisoxetine (Nis), oxaprotiline (Oxap), lortalamine (Lort) and C-11 and F-18 derivatives of reboxetine (RB), methylreboxetine (MRB) and their individual (R, R) and (S, S) enantiomers, in conjunction with studies with radiolabeled 4-iodo-tomoxetine and 2-iodo-nisoxetine, we have identified the superiority of (S, S)-[C-11]MRB and the suitability of the MRB analogs as potential NET ligands for PET. In contrast, Nis, Oxap and Lort displayed high uptake in striatum (higher than thalamus). The use of these ligands is further limited by high non-specific binding and relatively low specific signal, as is characteristic of many earlier NET ligands. Thus, to our knowledge, (S, S)-[C-11]MRB remains by far the most promising NET ligand for PET studies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ding, YS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ding@bnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002630]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06278] NR 114 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2006 VL 12 IS 30 BP 3831 EP 3845 DI 10.2174/138161206778559687 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 097LE UT WOS:000241448200002 PM 17073682 ER PT B AU Chiasson, J Wang, KY Li, MW Bodson, M Tolbert, LM AF Chiasson, J Wang, KY Li, MW Bodson, M Tolbert, LM BE Menini, L Zaccarian, L Abdallah, CT TI Algebraic methods for nonlinear systems: Parameter identification and state estimation SO CURRENT TRENDS IN NONLINEAR SYSTEMS AND CONTROL: IN HONOR OF PETAR KOKOTOVIC AND TURI NICOSIA SE Systems and Control-Foundations and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of Advanced Control Theory to Control and Automation (ACTRA) CY JUN 03-04, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY ID IDENTIFIABILITY; MODEL AB Algebraic methods are presented for solving nonlinear least-squares type problems that arise in the parameter identification of nonlinear systems. The tracking of the induction motor rotor time constant is solved in detail. Also, an approach to estimating state variables using algebraic relationships (in contrast to dynamic observers) is discussed in the context of speed estimation for induction motors. C1 Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Utah, ECE Dept, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NTRC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM chiasson@utk.edu; wkaiyu@utk.edu; mwl@utk.edu; bodson@ece.utah.edu; tolbert@utk.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 0-8176-4383-4 J9 SYST CONTROL-FOUND A PY 2006 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1007/0-8176-4470-9_4 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BDQ49 UT WOS:000234917400004 ER PT J AU De Leo, AA Lefevre, C Topcic, D Pharo, E Cheng, JF Frappell, P Westerman, M Graves, JAM Nicholas, KR AF De Leo, A. A. Lefevre, C. Topcic, D. Pharo, E. Cheng, J. F. Frappell, P. Westerman, M. Graves, J. A. M. Nicholas, K. R. TI Characterization of two whey protein genes in the Australian dasyurid marsupial, the stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WALLABY MACROPUS-EUGENII; ACIDIC PROTEIN; TAMMAR WALLABY; MAMMARY-GLAND; RED KANGAROO; POUCH YOUNG; LACTATION; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; KARYOTYPE AB We report the first isolation and sequencing of genomic BAC clones containing the marsupial milk protein genes Whey Acidic Protein (WAP) and Early Lactation Protein (ELP). The stripe-faced. dunnart WAP gene sequence contained five exons, the middle three of which code for the WAP motifs and four disulphide core domains which characterize WAR The dunnart ELP gene sequence contained three exons encoding a protein with a Kunitz motif common to serine protease inhibitors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization located the WAP gene to chromosome 1p in the stripe-faced dunnart, and the ELP gene to 2q. Northern blot analysis of lactating mammary tissue of the closely related fat-tailed dunnart has shown asynchronous expression of these milk protein genes. ELP was expressed at only the earlier phase of lactation and WAP only at the later phase of lactation, in contrast to beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) and beta-lactalbumin (ALA) genes, which were expressed in both phases of lactation. This asynchronous expression during the lactation cycle in the fat-tailed dunnart is similar to other marsupials and it probably represents a pattern that is ancestral to Australian marsupials. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, CRC Innovat Dairy Prod, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Monash Univ, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. UD Dept Energy, Joint Gen Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. LaTrobe Univ, Dept Zool, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. LaTrobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Comparat Gen Res Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP De Leo, AA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, CRC Innovat Dairy Prod, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM a.deleo@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au RI Graves, Jennifer/A-1387-2008 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 115 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1159/000094802 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 086MY UT WOS:000240678900012 PM 16974085 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Tuton, TB Ito, Y Chu, LW Lu, CM Baumgartner, A Zitzelsberger, HF Weier, JF AF Weier, H-U G. Tuton, T. B. Ito, Y. Chu, L. W. Lu, C. M. Baumgartner, A. Zitzelsberger, H. F. Weier, J. F. TI Molecular cytogenetic characterization of chromosome 9-derived material in a human thyroid cancer cell line SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; TYROSINE KINASE; SOLID TUMORS; HUMAN DNA; IN-VITRO; PAPILLARY; SINGLE; CARCINOMA; RADIATION AB The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) increases significantly after exposure of the head and neck region to ionizing radiation, yet we know neither the steps involved in malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium nor the specific carcinogenic mode of action of radiation. Such increased tumor, frequency became most evident in children after the 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine. In the eight years following the accident, the average incidence of childhood PTCs (chPTC) increased 70-fold in Belarus, 200-fold in Gomel, 10-fold in the Ukraine and 50-fold in Tschnigov, Kiev, Rovno, Shitomyr and Tscherkassy compared to the rate of about I tumor incidence per 106 children per year prior to 1986 (Likhtarev et al., 1995; Sobolev et al., 1997; Jacob et al., 1998). To study the etiology of radiation-induced thyroid cancer, we formed an international consortium to investigate chromosomal changes and altered gene expression in cases of post-Chernobyl chPTC. Our approach is based on karyotyping of primary cultures established from chPTC specimens, establishment of cell lines and studies of genotype-phenotype relationships through high resolution chromosome analysis, DNA/cDNA micro-array studies, and mouse xenografts that test for tumorigenicity. Here, we report the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)based techniques for the molecular cytogenetic characterization of a highly tumorigenic chPTC cell line, S48TK, and its subclones. Using chromosome 9 rearrangements as an example, we describe a new approach termed 'BAC-FISH' to rapidly delineate chromosomal breakpoints, an important step towards a better understanding of the formation of translocations and their functional consequences. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Chin Yi Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Taichung, Taiwan. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. GSF Forschungszentrum Umwelt & Gesundheit, Inst Mol Radiat Biol, Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ulliweier@hotmail.com FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88258]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD44313, HD45736] NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1159/000094215 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 081OX UT WOS:000240328000015 PM 16954668 ER PT J AU Weier, JF Ferlatte, C Baumgartner, A Jung, CJ Nguyen, HN Chu, LW Pedersen, RA Fisher, SJ Weier, HUG AF Weier, J. F. Ferlatte, C. Baumgartner, A. Jung, C. J. Nguyen, H-N Chu, L. W. Pedersen, R. A. Fisher, S. J. Weier, H-U G. TI Molecular cytogenetic studies towards the, full karyotype analysis of human blastocysts and cytotrophoblasts SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDIES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; INTERPHASE CELLS; DNA-SEQUENCES; FETAL AB Numerical chromosome aberrations in gametes typically lead to failed fertilization, spontaneous abortion or a chromosomally abnormal fetus. By means of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), we now can screen human embryos in vitro for aneuploidy before transferring the embryos to the uterus. PGD allows us to select unaffected embryos for transfer and increases the implantation rate in in vitro fertilization programs. Molecular cytogenetic analyses using multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of blastomeres have become the major tool for preimplantation genetic screening of aneuploidy. However, current FISH technology can test for only a small number of chromosome abnormalities and hitherto failed to increase the pregnancy rates as expected. We are in the process of developing multi-color FISH-based technologies to score all 24 chromosomes in single cells within a three-day time limit, which we believe is vital to the clinical setting. Also, human placental cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) at the fetal-maternal interface acquire aneuploidies as they differentiate to an invasive phenotype. About 20-50% of invasive CTB cells from uncomplicated pregnancies were found to be aneuploid, suggesting that the acquisition of aneuploidy is an important component of normal placentation, perhaps limiting the proliferative and invasive potential of CTBs. Since most invasive CTBs are interphase cells and possess extreme heterogeneity, we applied multi-color FISH and repeated hybridizations to investigate the feasibility of a full karyotype analysis of individual CTBs. In summary, this study demonstrates the strength of Spectral Imaging analysis and repeated hybridizations, which provides a basis for full karyotype analysis of single interphase cells. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cell & Tissue Biol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weier, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM jlfung@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88258]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD44313, HD41425, HD30367, HD45736] NR 56 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1159/000094218 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 081OX UT WOS:000240328000018 PM 16954671 ER PT J AU Fotos, JS Patel, VP Karin, NJ Temburni, MK Koh, JT Galileo, DS AF Fotos, Joseph S. Patel, Vivek P. Karin, Norman J. Temburni, Murali K. Koh, John T. Galileo, Deni S. TI Automated time-lapse microscopy and high-resolution tracking of cell migration SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell migration; green fluorescent protein; scratch assay; time-lapse; tumor cell lines; vital fluorescent labeling ID RHOA ACTIVATION; BETA-CATENIN; GROWTH; OVEREXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; ANGIOGENESIS; INVASION; ADHESION; CANCER; ASSAY AB We describe a novel fully automated high-throughput time-lapse microscopy system and evaluate its performance for precisely tracking the motility of several glioma and osteoblastic cell lines. Use of this system revealed cell motility behavior not discernable with conventional techniques by collecting data (1) from closely spaced time points (minutes), (2) over long periods (hours to days), (3) from multiple areas of interest, (4) in parallel under several different experimental conditions. Quantitation of true individual and average cell velocity and path length was obtained with high spatial and temporal resolution in "scratch" or "wound healing" assays. This revealed unique motility dynamics of drug-treated and adhesion molecule-transfected cells and, thus, this is a considerable improvement over current methods of measurement and analysis. Several fluorescent vital labeling methods commonly used for end-point analyses (GFP expression, DiO lipophilic dye, and Qtracker nanocrystals) were found to be useful for time-lapse studies under specific conditions that are described. To illustrate one application, fluorescently labeled tumor cells were seeded onto cell monolayers expressing ectopic adhesion molecules, and this resulted in consistently reduced tumor cell migration velocities. These highly quantitative time-lapse analysis methods will promote the creation of new cell motility assays and increase the resolution and accuracy of existing assays. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Galileo, DS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM dgalileo@udel.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R03 HD042066]; NINDS NIH HHS [R21 NS040317, R01 NS049523] NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10616-006-9006-7 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 096KS UT WOS:000241376600002 PM 19002890 ER PT J AU Hooper, D AF Hooper, Dan TI Probing exotic physics with cosmic neutrinos SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Colliders to Cosmic Rays CY SEP 07-13, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ Prague, Czech Tech Univ Prague, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE cosmic rays; neutrinos ID BLACK-HOLE COLLISIONS; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; SPEED; LIGHT; TELESCOPES AB 'Raditionally, collider experiments have been the primary tool used in searching for particle physics beyond the Standard Model. In this talk, I will discuss alternative approaches for exploring exotic physics scenarios using high energy and ultra-high energy cosmic neutrinos. Such neutrinos can be used to study interactions at energies higher, and over baselines longer, than those accessible to colliders. In this way, neutrino astronomy can provide a window into fundamental physics which is highly complementary to collider techniques. I will discuss the role of neutrino astronomy in fundamental physics, considering the use of such techniques in studying several specific scenarios including low scale gravity models, Standard Model electroweak instanton induced interactions, decaying neutrinos and quantum decoherence. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU A BP A337 EP A347 DI 10.1007/s10582-006-0167-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 063JI UT WOS:000239014100030 ER PT J AU Jordanova, A Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Chetluru, V Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Harnarine, I Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kucewicz, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Loizides, C Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tang, JL Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C Van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyngaardt, S Wyslouch, B AF Jordanova, A. Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Budzanowski, A. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Gushue, S. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Heintzelman, G. A. Henderson, C. Harnarine, I. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kucewicz, W. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Loizides, C. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Park, I. C. Reed, C. Remsberg, L. P. Reuter, M. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rosenberg, L. Sagerer, J. Sarin, P. Sawicki, P. Sedykh, I. Skulski, W. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tang, J. -L. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wuosmaa, A. H. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslouch, B. CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Particle production in nuclear collisions over a broad centrality range from the PHOBOS experiment SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Colliders to Cosmic Rays CY SEP 07-13, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ Prague, Czech Tech Univ Prague, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE multiplicity; heavy ion; centrality; RHIC; PHOBOS ID PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=200 GEV; ENERGIES; MULTIPLICITY AB The PHOBOS collaboration has studied the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions. Results from Au+Au collisions at various center-of-mass energies and over a broad range of centrality are presented here. The data axe compared to Cu+Cu, p+p and d+Au collisions at corresponding energies and centralities. The data are found to exhibit simple scaling properties such as the observed factorization of collision energy and geometry dependences. The presented data help us distinguish between models of particle production in relativistic heavy ion collisions. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Jordanova, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU A BP A39 EP A52 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 063JI UT WOS:000239014100004 ER PT J AU Chebotarev, VV Garkusha, IE Ladygina, MS Marchenko, AK Petrov, YV Solyakov, DG Tereshin, VI Trubchaninov, SA Tsarenko, AV Hassanein, A AF Chebotarev, V. V. Garkusha, I. E. Ladygina, M. S. Marchenko, A. K. Petrov, Yu. V. Solyakov, D. G. Tereshin, V. I. Trubchaninov, S. A. Tsarenko, A. V. Hassanein, A. TI Investigation of pinching discharges in MPC device operating with nitrogen and xenon gases SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetoplasma compressor; efficiency; spectroscopy; pinching discharge AB Discharge characteristics and parameters of plasma streams generated by magnetoplasma compressor (MPC) of compact geometry with conical-shaped electrodes and pulsed gas supply are studied for different operation regimes. The current - voltage characteristics of the discharge and dependencies of plasma stream velocity on discharge current are analyzed. It is shown that U-d(I-d) similar to aI(d)(b), where b depends on mass flow rate of working gas and time delay between start of gas supply and discharge switching on. Optimal operation regimes are characterized by b similar to 3. The high-speed imaging the plasma discharge and compression dynamics is carried out in frame-by-frame regime with different absorption optical filters. Spectroscopy measurements of plasma density and electron temperature in compression region of MPC have been performed on the base of Stark broadening of spectral lines and intensities ratio in visible wave-range. Efficiency of MPC operation with nitrogen and xenon gases and influence of the kind of working gas on parameters of compression region are analyzed. C1 NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chebotarev, VV (reprint author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, Akademicheskaya St 1, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU B BP B335 EP B341 DI 10.1007/s10582-006-0219-y PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095VI UT WOS:000241336000019 ER PT J AU Andriamonje, S Arsov, V Aune, S Autiero, D Avignone, F Barth, K Belov, A Beltran, B Brauninger, H Carmona, JM Cebrian, S Chesi, E Collar, JI Creswick, R Dafni, T Davenport, M Di Lella, L Eleftheriadis, C Englhauser, J Fanourakis, G Farach, H Ferrer, E Fischer, H Franz, J Friedrich, P Geralis, T Giomataris, I Gnienko, S Goloubev, N Hartmann, R Hasinoff, MD Heinsius, FH Hoffmann, DHH Irastorza, LG Jacoby, J Kang, D Konigsmann, K Kotthaus, R Krcmar, M Kousouris, K Kuster, M Lakic, B Lasseur, C Liolios, A Ljubicic, A Lutz, G Luzon, G Miller, DW Morales, A Morales, J Mutterer, M Nikolaidis, A Ortiz, A Papaevangelou, T Placci, A Raffelt, G Ruz, J Riege, H Sarsa, ML Savvidis, I Serber, W Serpico, P Semertzidis, Y Stewart, L Vieira, JD Villar, J Walckiers, L Zachariadou, K Zioutas, K AF Andriamonje, S. Arsov, V. Aune, S. Autiero, D. Avignone, F. Barth, K. Belov, A. Beltran, B. Brauninger, H. Carmona, J. M. Cebrian, S. Chesi, E. Collar, J. I. Creswick, R. Dafni, T. Davenport, M. Di Lella, L. Eleftheriadis, C. Englhauser, J. Fanourakis, G. Farach, H. Ferrer, E. Fischer, H. Franz, J. Friedrich, P. Geralis, T. Giomataris, I. Gnienko, S. Goloubev, N. Hartmann, R. Hasinoff, M. D. Heinsius, F. H. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Irastorza, L. G. Jacoby, J. Kang, D. Konigsmann, K. Kotthaus, R. Krcmar, M. Kousouris, K. Kuster, M. Lakic, B. Lasseur, C. Liolios, A. Ljubicic, A. Lutz, G. Luzon, G. Miller, D. W. Morales, A. Morales, J. Mutterer, M. Nikolaidis, A. Ortiz, A. Papaevangelou, T. Placci, A. Raffelt, G. Ruz, J. Riege, H. Sarsa, M. L. Savvidis, I. Serber, W. Serpico, P. Semertzidis, Y. Stewart, L. Vieira, J. D. Villar, J. Walckiers, L. Zachariadou, K. Zioutas, K. CA CAST Collaboration TI Search for solar axions: the CAST experiment at CERN SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin/Workshop on Hadron Structure and Hadron Spectroscopy CY JUL 27-AUG 05, 2005 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Adv Studies Inst HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE solar axions; dark matter; low background ID CP CONSERVATION; DETECTORS; TESTS AB Hypothetical axion-like particles with a two-photon interaction would be produced ill the sun by the Primakoff process. In a laboratory magnetic field they would be transformed into X-rays with energies of a few keV. The CAST experiment at CERN is using a decommissioned LHC magnet as an axion helioscope in order to search for these axion-like particles. The analysis of the 2003 data [1] has shown no signal above the background, thus implying an upper limit to the axion-photon coupling of g(alpha gamma) < 1.16 x 10(-10) GeV-1 at 95% CL for m(alpha) less than or similar to 0.02 eV. The stable operation of the experiment during 2004 data taking allow us to anticipate that this value will be improved. At the end of 2005 we expect to start with the so-called second phase of CAST, when the magnet pipes will be filled with a buffer gas so that the axion-photon coherence will be extended. In this way we will be able to search for axions with masses up to approximate to 1 eV. C1 CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Ctr Etudes Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, KICP, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Athens, Greece. Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Angew Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Inst Nucl Phys, Lyon, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, IKP, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Andriamonje, S (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM Berta.Beltran@cern.ch RI Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Dafni, Theopisti /J-9646-2012; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Kuster, Markus/C-5742-2014; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/K-6108-2014; Villar, Jose Angel/K-6630-2014; Carmona, Jose/H-3732-2015 OI Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Dafni, Theopisti /0000-0002-8921-910X; Sarsa Sarsa, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-7552-1228; Villar, Jose Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Carmona, Jose/0000-0003-2264-2306 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU C BP C203 EP C209 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065QQ UT WOS:000239174800022 ER PT J AU Bai, M Ahrens, L Alekseev, IG Alessi, J Beebe-Wang, J Blaskiewicz, M Bravar, A Brennan, JM Bruno, D Bunce, G Butler, J Cameron, P Connolly, R Delong, J D'Ottavio, T Drees, A Fischer, W Ganetis, G Gardner, C Glenn, J Hayes, T Hseuh, HC Huang, H Ingrassia, P Iriso-Ariz, U Jinnouchi, O Laster, J Lee, R Luccio, A Luo, Y MacKay, WW Makdisi, Y Marr, G Marusic, A McIntyre, G Michnoff, R Montag, C Morris, J Nicoletti, A Oddo, P Oerter, B Piacentino, J Pilat, F Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Satogata, T Smith, K Svirida, DN Tomas, R Trbojevic, D Tsoupas, N Tuozzolo, J Wilinski, M Tepikian, S Zaltsman, A Zelenski, A Zeno, K Zhang, SY AF Bai, M. Ahrens, L. Alekseev, I. G. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, J. Blaskiewicz, M. Bravar, A. Brennan, J. M. Bruno, D. Bunce, G. Butler, J. Cameron, P. Connolly, R. Delong, J. D'Ottavio, T. Drees, A. Fischer, W. Ganetis, G. Gardner, C. Glenn, J. Hayes, T. Hseuh, H-C. Huang, H. Ingrassia, P. Iriso-Ariz, U. Jinnouchi, O. Laster, J. Lee, R. Luccio, A. Luo, Y. MacKay, W. W. Makdisi, Y. Marr, G. Marusic, A. McIntyre, G. Michnoff, R. Montag, C. Morris, J. Nicoletti, A. Oddo, P. Oerter, B. Piacentino, J. Pilat, F. Ptitsyn, V. Roser, T. Satogata, T. Smith, K. Svirida, D. N. Tomas, R. Trbojevic, D. Tsoupas, N. Tuozzolo, J. Wilinski, M. Tepikian, S. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, A. Zeno, K. Zhang, S. Y. TI RHIC: The first polarized proton collider SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin/Workshop on Hadron Structure and Hadron Spectroscopy CY JUL 27-AUG 05, 2005 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Pracue, CZECH REPUBLIC HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE RHIC; polarized proton ID SPIN RESONANCES AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) as the first high energy polarized proton collider was designed to provide polarized proton collisions at a maximum beam energy of 250 GeV. It has been providing collisions at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during the acceleration from injection to 100 GeV with careful control of the betatron tunes and the vertical orbit distortions. With the spin rotators installed on either side of the experiments of STAR and PHENIX, RHIC can also provide collisions with longitudinal polarization at both experiments. The current state of RHIC polarized proton program, including its dedicated physics run in 2005 and efforts to optimize luminosity production in beam-beam limited conditions are reported. C1 BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mbai@bnl.gov; igor.alekseev@itep.ru RI Marusic, Ana/E-7683-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Marusic, Ana/0000-0001-6272-0917; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU C BP C11 EP C20 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065QQ UT WOS:000239174800002 ER PT J AU Fong, D Jones, EF Gore, PM Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Luo, YX Walters, WB Rasmussen, JO Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Wu, SC Stoyer, M Zhu, SJ Daniel, AV Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Cole, JD Donangelo, R Ma, WC AF Fong, D. Jones, E. F. Gore, P. M. Hwang, J. K. Ramayya, A. V. Hamilton, J. H. Luo, Y. X. Walters, W. B. Rasmussen, J. O. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Wu, S. C. Stoyer, M. Zhu, S. J. Daniel, A. V. Ter-Akopian, G. M. Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Cole, J. D. Donangelo, R. Ma, W. C. TI Negative-parity bands of Pd-115 and band structures in Pd-113,Pd-115,Pd-117 SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin/Workshop on Hadron Structure and Hadron Spectroscopy CY JUL 27-AUG 05, 2005 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Pracue, CZECH REPUBLIC HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE nuclear structure; spontaneous fission; isomeric state AB Level structures of Pd-113,Pd-115,Pd-117 have been studied using Gammasphere with a spontaneous fission source of Cf-252. A new 85.1-keV transition was identified in Pd-113, to place the 11/2(-) band head at 166.1 keV and indicate the spin and parity of the isomeric state is 9/2(-) at 81.0 keV rather than the previously assigned 11/2-. New low-energy transitions shown to be in prompt coincidence are confirmed at 39.0 and 49.0 keV in Pd-115. This coincidence relationship indicates a spin and parity assignment for the ground state to be 1/2(+) rather than the previously assigned 3/2(+). The identification of a low-energy transition is confirmed at 63.7 keV in Pd-117, resulting in re-assignment of the ground-state spin and parity to 3/2+. Two new levels were identified in Pd-113.115.117 and feed the 19/2(-) and 23/2(-) levels. The two new states in these nuclei are assigned 21/2(-) and 23/2(-). C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Russia. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-68528 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Fong, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM elizabethfj@earthlink.net; philip.m.gore@vanderbilt.edu; j.h.hamilton@vanderbilt.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU C BP C393 EP C400 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065QQ UT WOS:000239174800045 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JH Zhu, SJ Luo, YX Gore, PM Ramayya, AV Rasmussen, JO Frauendorf, S Jones, EF Hwang, JK AF Hamilton, J. H. Zhu, S. J. Luo, Y. X. Gore, P. M. Ramayya, A. V. Rasmussen, J. O. Frauendorf, S. Jones, E. F. Hwang, J. K. TI Chiral symmetry breaking in nuclei SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin/Workshop on Hadron Structure and Hadron Spectroscopy CY JUL 27-AUG 05, 2005 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Pracue, CZECH REPUBLIC HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE chiral symmetry; fission; gammasphere AB Prompt gamma-gamma-gamma coincidence studies of neutron-rich nuclei with A = 99-113, populated in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252, were carried out at Gammasphere. From a high statistics data set, new band structures and significant extension of previously known bands were observed in Y-99,Y-101, Nb-101,Nb-105, Tc-105,Tc-107,Tc-109, Rh-111,Rh-113. One quasi-particle plus triaxial rotor calculations were carried out. These nuclei show a smooth evolution from axial symmetry in Yb to maximum triaxiality in Rh. In Mo-106 and Ru-110, pairs of Delta I = 1 doublet bands are established to high spins. Since these nuclei exhibit evidence for triaxial shapes, their close energy differences for states of the same spins, their constant and equal moments of inertia with spin and their AI = 1 transitions all support their interpretation as chiral bands. Tilted axis cranking calculations likewise support their assignment as chiral bands but show they have a different composition than the chiral bands observed in odd-odd nuclei. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Hamilton, JH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM j.h.hamilton@vanderbilt.edu; elizabethfj@earthlink.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2006 VL 56 SU C BP C85 EP C94 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065QQ UT WOS:000239174800010 ER PT B AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, A. W. BE Fleury, PA Iachello, F TI Precision electroweak studies: An essential component of the worldwide nuclear physics program SO D. Allan Bromley: Nuclear Scientist and Policy Innovator, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Symposium in Honor of D Allan Bromley - Nuclear Scientists and Policy Innovator CY DEC 08-09, 2005 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; RATIO AB The electromagnetic probe has played an essential role in our understanding of both nuclear structure and the structure of the nucleon. With the growing sophistication of modern facilities such as Jefferson Lab and Mainz the same beams can exploit the different sensitivity of the weak force in order to extract information on strange quarks inside matter or to even map out the distribution of neutrons within a nucleus. With its planned upgrade to 12 GeV, Jefferson Lab will be the preeminent facility in the world in terms of exploiting the electroweak force to lead us to a deeper understanding of the strong force, from the nature of confinement to the origin of nuclear structure at the fundamental level of QCD. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-811-3 PY 2006 BP 92 EP 101 PG 10 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA BFU89 UT WOS:000244732400014 ER PT B AU Geesaman, DF AF Geesaman, Donald F. BE Fleury, PA Iachello, F TI Future paths in low-energy nuclear physics in the US SO D. ALLAN BROMLEY: NUCLEAR SCIENTIST AND POLICY INNOVATOR, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Symposium in Honor of D Allan Bromley - Nuclear Scientists and Policy Innovator CY DEC 08-09, 2005 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ ID ELEMENTS; BE-12 C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Geesaman, DF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM geesaman@mep.phy.anl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-811-3 PY 2006 BP 167 EP 182 PG 16 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA BFU89 UT WOS:000244732400019 ER PT B AU Aronson, S AF Aronson, Samuel BE Fleury, PA Iachello, F TI The future of high-energy nuclear physics in the US SO D. Allan Bromley: Nuclear Scientist and Policy Innovator, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Symposium in Honor of D Allan Bromley - Nuclear Scientists and Policy Innovator CY DEC 08-09, 2005 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ AB The future of nuclear physics in the U. S. and internationally is aimed at understanding Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at a fundamental level. Exploration of the phase diagram of QCD involves the study of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, conditions which can be created in high energy collisions of heavy nuclei. Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is currently the world's premier facility for this line of research. In the future the study of QCD will be carried out at RHIC, which will evolve to address the emerging questions in this field, along with other international facilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aronson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-811-3 PY 2006 BP 203 EP 213 PG 11 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA BFU89 UT WOS:000244732400022 ER PT J AU Ritchie, C Burkholder, E Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Ritchie, C Burkholder, E Kogerler, P Cronin, L TI Unsymmetrical surface modification of a heteropolyoxotungstate via in-situ generation of monomeric and dimeric copper(II) species SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYOXOMETALATE; ACID AB Unsymmetrical functionalization of a discrete alpha-{SiW12O40} Keggin with two heterometallic building blocks, a Cu(II) dimer and a Cu( II) monomer, results in the formation of [{Cu-2(O2CMe)(2)(5,5'-dimethyl- 2,2'-bipy)(2)}{Cu(5,5'-dimethyl-2,2 '-bipy)(2)} SiW12O40] that displays interesting physical properties. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Joseph Black Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Ritchie, Chris/B-6419-2008; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Ritchie, Chris/0000-0002-1640-6406; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 14 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 14 BP 1712 EP 1714 DI 10.1039/b518316b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 025RE UT WOS:000236283800002 PM 16568179 ER PT J AU Xiao, YM Koutmos, M Case, DA Coucouvanis, D Wang, HX Cramer, SP AF Xiao, YM Koutmos, M Case, DA Coucouvanis, D Wang, HX Cramer, SP TI Dynamics of an [Fe4S4(SPh)(4)](2-) cluster explored via IR, Raman, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS)-analysis using S-36 substitution, DFT calculations, and empirical force fields SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FE/MO-S/SE CUBANE; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; SULFUR PROTEINS; HETEROCUBANE CLUSTERS; LIGAND SUBSTITUTION; ACTIVE-SITES; SCATTERING; FERREDOXIN; RESOLUTION; MOLYBDENUM AB We have used four vibrational spectroscopies - FT-IR, FT-Raman, resonance Raman, and Fe-57 nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) - to study the normal modes of the Fe - S cluster in [(n-Bu)(4)N](2)[Fe4S4(SPh)(4)]. This [Fe4S4(SR)(4)](2-) complex serves as a model for the clusters in 4Fe ferredoxins and high-potential iron proteins (HiPIPs). The IR spectra exhibited differences above and below the 243 K phase transition. Significant shifts with S-36 substitution into the bridging S positions were also observed. The NRVS results were in good agreement with the low temperature data from the conventional spectroscopies. The NRVS spectra were interpreted by normal mode analysis using optimized Urey - Bradley force fields (UBFF) as well as from DFT theory. For the UBFF calculations, the parameters were refined by comparing calculated and observed NRVS frequencies and intensities. The frequency shifts after S-36 substitution were used as an additional constraint. A D-2d symmetry Fe4S4S'(4) model could explain most of the observed frequencies, but a better match to the observed intensities was obtained when the ligand aromatic rings were included for a D-2d Fe4S4(SPh)(4) model. The best results were obtained using the low temperature structure without symmetry constraints. In addition to stretching and bending vibrations, low frequency modes between similar to 50 and 100 cm(-1) were observed. These modes, which have not been seen before, are interpreted as twisting motions with opposing sides of the cube rotating in opposite directions. In contrast with a recent paper on a related Fe4S4 cluster, we find no need to assign a large fraction of the low frequency NRVS intensity to 'rotational lattice modes'. We also reassign the 430 cm(-1) band as primarily an elongation of the thiophenolate ring, with similar to 10% terminal Fe - S stretch character. This study illustrates the benefits of combining NRVS with conventional Raman and IR analysis for characterization of Fe - S centers. DFT theory is shown to provide remarkable agreement with the experimental NRVS data. These results provide a reference point for the analysis of more complex Fe - S clusters in proteins. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Case, DA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM case@scripps.edu; spcramer@ucdavis.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB001962]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-33080, GM-44380, GM-65440, GM39914] NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 18 BP 2192 EP 2201 DI 10.1039/b513331a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 039FK UT WOS:000237291200006 PM 16673033 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, I Arnold, J AF Westmoreland, Ian Arnold, John TI Phenoxytriamine complexes of yttrium: synthesis, structure and use in the polymerization of lactide and epsilon-caprolactone SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; MONOANIONIC ANCILLARY LIGANDS; ANSA-METALLOCENE DERIVATIVES; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SINGLE-SITE CATALYSTS; ORGANOYTTRIUM CHEMISTRY; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; METAL-COMPLEXES; ORGANOLANTHANIDE CHEMISTRY AB Reaction of the phenoxytriamine proligands 2,4-dimethyl-6-bis(2-(diethylamino) ethyl) aminomethlyphenol ( HL1) and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-bis(2-(diethylamino) ethyl) aminomethylphenol (HL2) with Y[N(SiMe2H)(2)](3)(THF)(2) in pentane gave the momomeric complexes (LY)-Y-1[N(SiMe2H)(2)](2) ( 1) and (LY)-Y-2[N(SiMe2H)(2)](2) ( 2). X-Ray structural analysis of 2 shows a 5-coordinate yttrium center. The complexes 1 and 2 catalyze the ring opening polymerization of D-L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone leading to narrow product polydispersities under mild conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 92 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 34 BP 4155 EP 4163 DI 10.1039/b600939e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 075WC UT WOS:000239915400009 PM 16924293 ER PT J AU Gannaz, B Antonio, MR Chiarizia, R Hill, C Cote, G AF Gannaz, Benoit Antonio, Mark R. Chiarizia, Renato Hill, Clement Cote, Gerard TI Structural study of trivalent lanthanide and actinide complexes formed upon solvent extraction SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LANTHANUM(III) NITRATE; ADDITION-COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INFRARED SPECTRA; URANYL PHOSPHATE; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; FINE-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION AB The coordination of the trivalent 4f ions, Ln = Nd3+, Eu3+ and Yb3+, as well as the trivalent 5f ion, Am3+, with diamide and dialkylphosphoric acid extractants, individually and in combination, was studied by use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These studies provide metrical information about the interatomic interactions between the f-ions (M3+) and the ligands, dihexylphosphoric acid (HDHP) and N, N'-dimethyl- N,N'-dioctylhexylethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA), that is of practical relevance to the control of metal - ligand binding in liquid - liquid extraction systems for the separation of trivalent actinide ions, An(3+), from trivalent lanthanide ions, Ln(3+). Through systematic variations of extraction conditions and extractant combinations, we have found that the HDHP complexes with M3+ involve MO6 coordination and distant M center dot center dot center dot P interactions, whereas the DMDOHEMA complexes with M3+ involve MO8 coordination. The combination of the EXAFS results with ancillary extraction data and IR results facilitates descriptions of the stoichiometries and structures of the molecular species formed in solution upon liquid - liquid extraction and leads to a new understanding of the binary extraction systems in terms of the strength and selectivity of An(3+)- vs. Ln(3+)-ligand interactions. This fundamental structure information affords insight into solvent extraction processes that are of contemporary and practical importance in heavy element chemistry and to environmentally related issues arising from the separation and disposal of radioactive materials, particularly actinides and selected fission products, in the field of nuclear waste reprocessing research. C1 CEA Valrho, DEN, VRH, DRCP,SCPS,LCSE, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paris 06, ENSCP, Lab Electrochim & Chim Analyt, UMR7575,CNRS, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), CEA Valrho, DEN, VRH, DRCP,SCPS,LCSE, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. EM mantonio@anl.gov NR 55 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 38 BP 4553 EP 4562 DI 10.1039/b609492a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 090FF UT WOS:000240935300004 PM 17016566 ER PT J AU Thakur, P Mathur, JN Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ Choppin, GR AF Thakur, Punam Mathur, Jagdish N. Dodge, Cleveland J. Francis, Arokiasamy J. Choppin, Gregory R. TI Thermodynamics and the structural aspects of the ternary complexes of Am(III), Cm(III) and Eu(III) with Ox and EDTA plus Ox SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES; HIGH IONIC-STRENGTH; RARE-EARTHS; HYDROXYETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETIC ACID; EUROPIUM(III) COMPLEXES; VARIABLE TEMPERATURES; COORDINATION-NUMBER; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AMINOPOLYCARBOXYLATES; LANTHANIDES AB The stability constants and the associated thermodynamic parameters of formation of the binary and the ternary complexes of Am3+, Cm3+ and Eu3+ were determined by a solvent extraction to measure the variation in the distribution coefficient with temperature ( 0 - 60 degrees C) for aqueous solutions of I = 6.60 m (NaClO4). The formation of ternary complexes is favored by both the enthalpy (exothermic) and the entropy (endothermic) values. C-13 NMR, TRLFS and EXAFS spectral data was used to study the coordination modes of the ternary complexes. In the formation of the complex M(EDTA)(Ox)(3-), the EDTA retained all its coordination sites with Ox binding via two carboxylates and with one water of hydration remaining attached to the M3+. In the complex M(EDTA)(Ox)(2)(5-), one carboxylate, either from EDTA or Ox, is not bounded to M3+ and there were no water of hydration attached to these cations. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Choppin, GR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM choppin@chem.fsu.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 40 BP 4829 EP 4837 DI 10.1039/b605321a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 093DY UT WOS:000241149100009 PM 17033708 ER PT J AU Suarez-Moreira, E Hannibal, L Smith, CA Chavez, RA Jacobsen, DW Brasch, NE AF Suarez-Moreira, Edward Hannibal, Luciana Smith, Clyde A. Chavez, Roberto A. Jacobsen, Donald W. Brasch, Nicola E. TI A simple, convenient method to synthesize cobalamins: synthesis of homocysteinylcobalamin, N-acetylcysteinylcobalamin, 2-N-acetylamino-2-carbomethoxyethanethiolatocobalamin, sulfitocobalamin and nitrocobalamin SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CO-S BOND; NITRIC-OXIDE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AQUACOBALAMIN VITAMIN-B-12A; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METHIONINE SYNTHASE; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIAL; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; GLUTATHIONYLCOBALAMIN AB Glutathionylcobalamin, nitrocobalamin and sulfitocobalamin are important cobalamin metabolites isolable from human tissues. Herein we demonstrate that a procedure used to synthesize and isolate gamma- glutamylcysteinylcobalamin and glutathionylcobalamin in aqueous solution in high yield and purity can be used to synthesize other novel, biologically relevant thiolatocobalamins, including D, L- homocysteinylcobalamin, N- acetyl- L- cysteinylcobalamin ( Na+ salt) and 2- N- acetylamino- 2-carbomethoxy- L- ethanethiolatocobalamin, as well as other non- alkylcobalamins, such as sul. tocobalamin ( Na+ salt) and nitrocobalamin. This uncomplicated, general procedure will assist researchers in identifying unknown cobalamin metabolites isolated from biological samples, and researchers interested in studying the uptake and intracellular cobalamin processing mechanisms utilizing non- alkylcobalamin derivatives that are not yet commercially available. The X- ray structure and XAS spectrum of N- acetyl- L- cysteinylcobalamin are also presented. C1 Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44240 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44240 USA. Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brasch, NE (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44240 USA. EM nbrasch@kent.edu OI Hannibal, Luciana/0000-0002-0911-5758; Bahnson, Edward/0000-0001-8578-0517 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL071907-04, HL71907, R01 HL071907] NR 99 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2006 IS 44 BP 5269 EP 5277 DI 10.1039/b610158e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 102SJ UT WOS:000241833300008 PM 17088966 ER PT S AU Kadota, K AF Kadota, Kenji BE Munoz, C Yepes, G TI Supergravity inflation by right-handed sneutrino SO Dark Side of the Universe SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Dark Side of the Universe CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Minist Educ & Sci, Community Madrid, UAM, Dept Theoret Phys, UAM CSIC, Inst Theoret Phys, European Network Theoret Astroparticle Phys ID D-TERM INFLATION; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; CHAOTIC INFLATION; HYBRID INFLATION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; UNIVERSE; LEPTOGENESIS; SUPERSTRINGS; CONSTRAINTS AB After a brief discussion on the problems in constructing inflation models in supergravity, we shall discuss for illustration a concrete example where an inflaton field is identified as a right-handed sneutrino in a D-term dominated potential. C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kadota, K (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0379-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 878 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFO60 UT WOS:000243464800040 ER PT S AU Neglur, G Grossman, RL Maltsev, N Yu, C AF Neglur, Greeshma Grossman, Robert L. Maltsev, Natalia Yu, Clement BE Leser, U Neumann, F Eckman, B TI Using term lists and inverted files to improve search speed for metabolic pathway databases SO DATA INTEGRATION IN THE LIFE SCIENCES, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences (DILS 2006) CY JUL 20-22, 2006 CL Hinxton, ENGLAND SP Microsoft Res, metanomics, metanomichshealth, IBM Res, EBI Ind Program, Schering ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION; ALIGNMENT; GENOMICS AB This paper describes a technique for efficiently searching metabolic pathways similar to a given query pathway, from a pathway database. Metabolic pathways can be converted into labeled directed graphs where the nodes represent chemical compounds. Similarity between two graphs can be computed using a metric based on Maximal Common Subgraph (MCS). By maintaining an inverted file that indexes all pathways in a database on their edges, our algorithm finds and ranks all pathways similar to the user input query pathway in time, which is linear in the total number of occurrences of the edges in common with the query in the entire database. C1 Univ Illinois, Lab Adv Comp, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Neglur, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Lab Adv Comp, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM neglur@lac.uic.edu; grossman@uic.edu; maltsev@mcs.anl.gov; yu@cs.uic.edu RI Grossman, Robert/B-1865-2009 OI Grossman, Robert/0000-0003-3741-5739 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-36593-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4075 BP 168 EP 184 PG 17 WC Biology; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BEV58 UT WOS:000239622300013 ER PT J AU Glover, DM Chandler, CL Doney, SC Buesseler, KO Heimerdinger, G Bishop, JKB Flierl, GR AF Glover, David M. Chandler, Cynthia L. Doney, Scott C. Buesseler, Ken O. Heimerdinger, George Bishop, J. K. B. Flierl, Glenn R. TI The US JGOFS data management experience SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE data collection; oceanographic data; data reports; primer; metadata; US JGOFS ID OCEAN AB The US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) database management system is an online, oceanographic database assembled from the research activities of the US JGOFS field and Synthesis and Modeling Program (SMP). It is based on modern, object-oriented programming, with a web-based user interface (http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/jg/dir/jgofs) that gives all users, regardless of the computer platform being used, equal access to the data and metadata. It is populated with an extensive set of biogeochemical data from the US JGOFS community along with the attendant metadata. This article summarizes the lessons learned that may serve as a primer for future oceanographic and earth science research programs. Good data management requires devoted resources, about 5-10% of the total cost of the program. A data management office should be established at the initiation of the program, conventions for standard methods, names, and units need to be established before the field program begins, and an agreed-to list of metadata must be collected systematically along with the data. Open and accessible data management depends upon investigators agreeing to share their data with each other, leading to more rapid scientific discovery. Data management should support data distribution and archival; interactions between the data managers and the principal investigators make the database a living database. Innovative use of commercial products in information technology can save time and money in scientific database management. Technology allows access to the database to be transparent in location and intuitive in use. Finally, the most important investments in data management are the people hired. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, US JGOFS Planning Off & Data Management Off, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Glover, DM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, US JGOFS Planning Off & Data Management Off, MS 43, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dglover@whoi.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5-7 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.018 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 067EX UT WOS:000239285700015 ER PT S AU Pantelides, ST Evans, MH Fleetwood, DM Gusev, EP Joannopoulos, JD Lu, Z Pennycook, SJ Rashkeev, SN Schrimpf, RD Tsetseris, L Van Benthem, K Zhang, XG Zhou, XJ AF Pantelides, ST Evans, MH Fleetwood, DM Gusev, EP Joannopoulos, JD Lu, Z Pennycook, SJ Rashkeev, SN Schrimpf, RD Tsetseris, L Van Benthem, K Zhang, XG Zhou, XJ BE Gusev, E TI Defect-related issues in high-k dielectrics SO DEFECTS IN HIGH-K GATE DIELECTRIC STACKS: NANO-ELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Defects in Advanced High -K Dielectric Nano-Electronic Seminconductor Devices CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO, Russian Fdn Basic Res, US Natl Sci Fdn, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Int SEMATECH DE hafnium oxide; NBTI; mobilities; Fowler-Nordheim ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DEVICES AB The roles of impurities and point defects are again coming to the forefront as new materials, such as high-k dielectrics, and novel device structures (e.g., double gate MOSFETs) are introduced in new generations of microelectronics. This talk covers several related issues that have been studied with a combination of first-principles theory and experiments: a) "stray" Hf atoms in Si-SiO2-HfO2 structures, identified by atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging; b) the mechanism for excess point defects at the Si-dielectric interface known as negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI); c) first-principles calculations of mobilities in the presence of atomic-scale deviations from abruptness at the Si-dielectric interface; and d) first-principles calculations of Fowler-Nordheim and low-bias tunneling currents. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM pantelides@vanderbilt.edu; gusev@us.ibm.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F-49620-99-11-0289]; Department of Energy [DEFG0203ER46096]; Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation FX The work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant F-49620-99-11-0289 and the Department of Energy grantDEFG0203ER46096. K.v.B. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4365-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 220 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDZ54 UT WOS:000236350700015 ER PT S AU Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Fleetwood, DM Zhou, XJ Gusev, EP AF Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Fleetwood, DM Zhou, XJ Gusev, EP BE Gusev, E TI The effects of radiation and charge trapping on the reliability of alternative gate dielectrics SO DEFECTS IN HIGH-K GATE DIELECTRIC STACKS: NANO-ELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Defects in Advanced High -K Dielectric Nano-Electronic Seminconductor Devices CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO, Russian Fdn Basic Res, US Natl Sci Fdn, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Int SEMATECH DE alternative dielectric; high-k; radiation effects; reliability; oxide trapped charge; interface trap; MOS capacitor; MOSFET; NBTI; TDDB; bias dependence; process dependence; annealing ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; MOS CAPACITORS; INTERFACE TRAPS; METAL-OXIDES; SILICON; SIO2; DEVICES; HAFNIUM; STACKS AB The radiation response and long-term reliability of alternative gate dielectrics will play a critical role in determining the viability of these materials for use in future space applications. The total dose response of several potential replacement materials for SiO2 in future IC technologies is discussed. Post deposition anneals and interfacial layer thicknesses are shown to significantly impact radiation-induced charge trapping. A discussion of reliability and negative bias temperature instability is also presented. It is shown that for current high-kappa technologies, the dielectric strength is dominated by the low dielectric constant interfacial layer, and exposure to ionizing radiation can significantly increase bias instabilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafelix@sandia.gov; gusev@qualcomm.com FU United States Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4365-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 220 BP 299 EP + PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDZ54 UT WOS:000236350700024 ER PT S AU Beautement, P Allsopp, D Greaves, M Goldsmith, S Spires, S Thompson, SG Janicke, H AF Beautement, P Allsopp, D Greaves, M Goldsmith, S Spires, S Thompson, SG Janicke, H BE Thompson, SG GhaneaHercock, R TI Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (AAMAS) for the military - Issues and challenges SO DEFENCE APPLICATIONS OF MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defence Applications of Multi-Agent Systems CY JUL 25, 2005 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS AB The military domain is a very challenging environment and human endeavour in this domain is characterized by uncertainty and the need to be able to deal with significant and disruptive dynamic changes. In addition, activities are driven by human decision-makers who need support in making sense of the environment and with reasoning about, and effecting, possible futures. Hence, various unique factors need to be taken into account when considering the provision of applications, tools, devices and infrastructure for the military domain. This paper will itemize and discuss some of these factors in the context of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. This paper is a desiderata for the research space. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pbeautement@qinetiq.com; dnallsopp@qinetiq.com; markg@vulcan.com; sygolds@sandia.gov; svspire@sandia.gov; simon.2.thompson@bt.com; heljanic@dmu.ac.uk; simon.2.thompson@bt.com NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-32832-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2006 VL 3890 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEE95 UT WOS:000237044300001 ER PT S AU Xiao, ZL Hor, YS Welp, U Ito, Y Patel, U Hua, J Mitchell, J Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Xiao, Z. L. Hor, Y. S. Welp, U. Ito, Y. Patel, U. Hua, J. Mitchell, J. Kwok, W. K. Crabtree, G. W. BE Chipara, M Puglisi, O Skomski, R Jones, FR Hsiao, BS TI Superconductors in confined geometries SO Degradation Processes in Nanostructured Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Degradation Processes in Nanostructured Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID VORTEX-GLASS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; NANOWIRES; NBSE3; LATTICE; TEMPLATES; NANOTUBES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANORIBBONS; TRANSITION AB The synthesis of nanoscale superconductors with controlled geometries is extremely challenging. In this paper we present results on synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional (1D) NbSe2 superconducting nanowires/nanoribbons. Our synthesis approach includes the synthesis of 1D NbSe3 nanostructure precursors followed by nondestructive and controlled adjustment of the Se composition to formulate NbSe2. The morphology, composition and crystallinity of the synthesized 1D NbSe2 nanostructures were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Transport measurements were carried out to explore the electronic properties of these confined superconducting nanostructures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, ZL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Patel, Umeshkumar/A-8643-2013 OI Patel, Umeshkumar/0000-0002-8259-1646 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-841-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 887 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEG71 UT WOS:000237235700014 ER PT S AU Ampleford, DJ Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bland, SN Bott, SC Hall, GN Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Ivanov, VV Fedin, DA Laca, PJ Sotnikov, VI Yilmaz, F Ouart, N Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD AF Ampleford, DJ Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bland, SN Bott, SC Hall, GN Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Ivanov, VV Fedin, DA Laca, PJ Sotnikov, VI Yilmaz, F Ouart, N Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD BE Chittenden, J TI Implosion dynamics in conical wire array Z-pinches SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Sandia Natl Labs, Imperial Coll, Def Threat Reduct Agcy DE wire array z-pinch; conical array; precursor; implosion ID OUTFLOWS AB We present initial results from imploding conical wire array experiments performed on both the MAGPIE generator (IMA, 240ns) at Imperial College London and the Nevada Terawatt Facility's Zebra generator (IMA, 100ns) at University of Nevada, Reno. This paper will discuss the implosion dynamics of conical wire arrays, including initial implosion of the cathode end of the array and the formation of a magnetic bubble. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NNSA under DOE; [DE-F03-02NA00057]; [DE-FC52-01NV14050] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This research was partially sponsored by the NNSA under DOE Cooperative Agreements DE-F03-02NA00057 and DE-FC52-01NV14050. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0297-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 808 BP 33 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BDT12 UT WOS:000235192200006 ER PT S AU Coverdale, CA Jones, B LePell, PD Deeney, C Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Fedin, D Ouart, N Ivanov, V Chittenden, J Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I AF Coverdale, CA Jones, B LePell, PD Deeney, C Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Fedin, D Ouart, N Ivanov, V Chittenden, J Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I BE Chittenden, J TI Dynamics of copper wire arrays at 1 MA and 20 MA generators SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Sandia Natl Labs, Imperial Coll, Def Threat Reduct Agcy DE z-pinch; large diameter wire array; copper; spectroscopy; imaging ID POWER; ENHANCEMENT; IMPLOSIONS AB Experiments to study the implosion dynamics and radiation characteristics of copper z-pinches have been fielded at the 1 MA Zebra facility and the 20 MA Z facility. The impact of initial load mass, initial load diameter, and nesting of wire arrays on the precursor and the stagnated plasma has been evaluated through spectroscopy, sbadowgraphy, and fluence measurements. Plasma parameters extracted from modeling of the time-integrated L-shell spectra indicate the presence of more than one plasma source contributing to the radiation, likely due to non-uniform hot spot x-ray emission or temporal gradients. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0297-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 808 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BDT12 UT WOS:000235192200009 ER PT S AU Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garasi, CJ Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Wunsch, SE Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Hall, GN Rapley, J Oliver, BV Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, V Ivanov, VV Sotnikov, VI Fedin, D Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I AF Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garasi, CJ Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Wunsch, SE Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Hall, GN Rapley, J Oliver, BV Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, V Ivanov, VV Sotnikov, VI Fedin, D Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I BE Chittenden, J TI Seeded perturbations in wire array z-pinches SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Sandia Natl Labs, Imperial Coll, Def Threat Reduct Agcy ID PLASMAS; LASER; TRANSPORT AB Controlled seeding of perturbations is employed to study the evolution of wire array zpinch implosion instabilities which strongly impact x-ray production when the 3D plasma stagnates on axis. Wires modulated in radius exhibit locally enhanced magnetic field and imploding bubble formation at discontinuities in wire radius due to the perturbed current path. Wires coated with localized spectroscopic dopants are used to track turbulent material flow. Experiments and MHD modeling offer insight into the behavior of z-pinch instabilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque 87123, NM USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Miss Res Corp, Albuquerque 87110, NM USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0297-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 808 BP 61 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BDT12 UT WOS:000235192200013 ER PT S AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, DD BE Chittenden, J TI Magnetized target fusion with centimeter-size liners SO Dense Z-Pinches SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Sandia Natl Labs, Imperial Coll, Def Threat Reduct Agcy ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; Z-PINCH; PLASMA; COMPRESSION; IMPLOSION; PHYSICS; TRANSPORT AB The author concentrates on the version of magnetized target fusion (MTF) that involves 3D implosions of a wall-confined plasma with the density in the compressed state 10(21)-10(22) cm(-3). Possible plasma configurations suitable for this approach are identified. The main physics issues are outlined (equilibrium, stability, transport, plasma-liner interaction, etc). Specific parameters of the experiment reaching the plasma Q similar to 1 are presented (Q is the ratio of the fusion yield to the energy delivered to the plasma). It is emphasized that there exists a synergy between the physics and technology of MTF and dense Z-pinches (DZP). Specific areas include the particle and heat transport in a high-beta plasma, plasma-liner interaction, liner stability, stand-off problem for the power source, reaching a rep-rate regime in the energy-producing reactor, etc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0297-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 808 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BDT12 UT WOS:000235192200075 ER PT S AU Ignatyev, K Huwig, K Harvey, R Ishii, H Bradley, J Luening, K Brennan, S Pianetta, P AF Ignatyev, Konstantin Huwig, Kathy Harvey, Ralph Ishii, Hope Bradley, John Luening, Katharina Brennan, Sean Pianetta, Piero BE Bonse, U TI XRF microCT study of space objects at SSRL - art. no. 631825 SO Developments in X-Ray Tomography V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fluorescence tomography; microprobe ID MICROTOMOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE AB Study of the composition and 3D chemical distribution of the particles that come from space are of great interest since they can provide information about the early stages and evolution of the solar system. The size of these samples varies with the smallest ones in the micron and even sub-micron range. X-ray fluorescence microCT (computed tomography) with focused X-ray beam can be successfully used to study these kinds of samples. This is especially important when sectioning is not feasible, or it is undesirable either due to the risk of contamination, as is the case with comet particles recently collected by the NASA Stardust mission, or the requirement for further analysis by different characterization techniques. X-ray fluorescence microCT measurements on several space samples were performed at the beamline 6-2 using the existing microprobe setup. Two mirror optical system is used for beam focusing with an additional set of KB mirrors located in the hutch near the sample to focus the beam further down to 2x4 microns. Incident X-ray energy is selected with a monochromator in the range of 5 to 20 keV. Fluorescence data was collected with Si(Li) fluorescence detector and PIN diode was used to collect attenuation data that provides additional information for fluorescence tomography reconstruction. The results of the measurements of two micrometeorites with sizes of approximately 100 microns, are presented. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ignatyev, K (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Ignatyev, Konstantin/0000-0002-8937-5655 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6397-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6318 BP 31825 EP 31825 AR 631825 DI 10.1117/12.681440 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BFI16 UT WOS:000241974100069 ER PT S AU Rau, C Crecea, V Richter, CP Peterson, KM Jemian, PR Neuhausler, U Schneider, G Yu, X Braun, PV Chiang, TC Robinson, IK AF Rau, C. Crecea, V. Richter, C. -P. Peterson, K. M. Jemian, P. R. Neuhaeusler, U. Schneider, G. Yu, X. Braun, P. V. Chiang, T. -C. Robinson, I. K. BE Bonse, U TI A hard x-ray KB-FZP microscope for tomography with sub-100-nm resolution - art. no. 63181G SO Developments in X-Ray Tomography V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hard X-rays; tomography; full-field microscopy; Fresnel zone plate; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror AB An instrument for high-resolution imaging and tomography has been built at the APS beamline 34 ID-C, Argonne National Laboratory. In-line phase contrast tomography can be performed with micrometer resolution. For imaging and tomography with resolution better than 100nm a hard X-ray microscope has been integrated to the instrument. It works with a Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror as condenser and a Fresnel-Zone plate (FZP) as an objective lens. 50 nm-features have been resolved in a Nickel structure operating the microscope at a photon energy of 9keV. Phase objects with negligible absorption contrast have been imaged. Tomography scans were performed on photonic crystals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rau, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6397-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6318 BP G3181 EP G3181 AR 63181G DI 10.1117/12.680975 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BFI16 UT WOS:000241974100047 ER PT S AU De Carlo, F Xiao, XH Tieman, B AF De Carlo, Francesco Xiao, Xianghui Tieman, Brian BE Bonse, U TI X-ray tomography system, automation and remote access at beamline 2-BM of the advanced photon source - art. no. 63180K SO Developments in X-Ray Tomography V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE synchrotron x-ray tomography; parallel computing ID MICROTOMOGRAPHY; CARTILAGE; SKELETON AB X-ray microtomography is an established tool for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of thick structures at micron scale. The fast microtomography system developed at beamline 2-BM of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) offers near video-rate acquisition of tomographic data at micrometer spatial resolution, pipelined processing, and 3D visualization. At its maximum throughput, the system can image hundreds of specimens per day. Every sample is fully analyzed within 2-3 minutes, giving the user immediate feedback on the quality of the results. The entire instrument, including the tomography setup, automatic sample loader, beamline, and a dedicated 32-node computer cluster for data analysis, is also remotely accessible via Access Grid (AG) technology giving a user full remote control of every aspect of the experiment. During the last year the 2-BM microtomography system has been extensively used to resolve the density distribution of biological and material samples at micrometer spatial resolution. The final results are usually presented as a 3D volume or as slices. The quasi-real-time feature of the system has been instrumental in several applications in both biological applications, where a statistical approach is needed to characterize a broad population of samples, and in material science, where time-dependent 3D sample evolution can be studied on practical time scales. In this paper we present the current beamline status and the latest experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De Carlo, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6397-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6318 BP K3180 EP K3180 AR 63180K DI 10.1117/12.681037 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BFI16 UT WOS:000241974100019 ER PT J AU Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Liaw, PK Berry, CJ Brigmon, RL Riester, L Abernathy, H Jin, C Narayan, RJ AF Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Liaw, PK Berry, CJ Brigmon, RL Riester, L Abernathy, H Jin, C Narayan, RJ TI Electrochemical and antimicrobial properties of diamondlike carbon-metal composite films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamondlike carbon; pulsed laser deposition; corrosion ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; IN-VITRO; NANOCRYSTALLINE SILVER; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DLC COATINGS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; ACTIVATION AB Implants containing antimicrobial metals may reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs associated with medical device-related infections. We have deposited diamondlike carbon-silver (DLC-Ag), diamondlike carbon-platinum (DLC-Pt), and diamondlike carbonsilver-platinum (DLC-AgPt) thin films using a multicomponent target pulsed laser deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy of the DLC-silver and DLC-platinum composite films revealed that the silver and platinum self-assemble into nanoparticle affays within the diamondlike carbon matrix. The diamondlike carbon-silver film possessed hardness and Young's modulus values of 37 GPa and 331 GPa, respectively. The diamondlike carbon-metal composite films exhibited passive behavior at open-circuit potentials. Low corrosion rates were observed during testing in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. In addition, the diamondlike carbon-metal composite films were found to be immune to localized corrosion below 1000 mV (SCE). DLC-silver-platinum films demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus bacteria. It is believed that a galvanic couple forms between platinum and silver, which accelerates silver ion release and provides more robust antimicrobial activity. Diamondlike carbon-silver-platinum films may provide unique biological functionalities and improved lifetimes for cardiovascular, orthopaedic, biosensor, and implantable microclectromechanical systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Bioengn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Morrison, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mmorrison@utk.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 74 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.08.031 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 002IU UT WOS:000234605900024 ER PT S AU Kim, YS Hofman, GL Ryu, HJ AF Kim, Yeon Soo Hofman, G. L. Ryu, H. J. BE Ochsner, A Gracio, J TI Correlation development for the interdiffusion layer growth in (U-Mo)/Al dispersion nuclear fuel SO DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS: MASS DIFFUSION SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids CY JUL 26-28, 2006 CL Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP Ferreira Porto, Vista Alegre, Melid Ria, TEMA, Delta Cafes, ALCOA, FCT, Alianca, Soc Portuguesa Quim, Soc Portuguesa Mat, Saltur Rent Car HO Univ Aveiro DE U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel; fission damage; U-Mo-Al interdiffusion; growth correlation; RERTR fuel AB In the development of U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel, the main issue is the diffusion layer growth at the fuel-matrix interface. A model to predict the diffusion kinetics is necessary. For this purpose, we developed a correlation for in-reactor tests. The model correlation was established and fitted to the in-reactor data. As a result of this data fitting, the growth rate is found to be proportional to the square root of the fission fragment damage rate, and to have a temperature dependence characterized by the effective activation energy of 46-76 kJ/mole, which is smaller by a factor of 4-7 than that of out-of-pile tests. C1 [Kim, Yeon Soo; Hofman, G. L.; Ryu, H. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yskim@anl.gov; ghofman@anl.gov; hjryu@anl.gov RI RYU, HO JIN/J-2764-2013 OI RYU, HO JIN/0000-0002-3387-7381 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2006 VL 258-260 BP 176 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGA63 UT WOS:000245811000028 ER PT B AU Curtis, CJ Ginley, DS van Hest, MFAM Miedaner, A Kaydanova, T Nekuda, J Readey, D AF Curtis, Calvin J. Ginley, David S. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Miedaner, Alex Kaydanova, Tanya Nekuda, Jennifer Readey, Dennis GP IS&T TI Development of precursor inks for electronic materials deposition SO Digital Fabrication 2006, Final Program and Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Fabrication Technologies CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Imaging Soc Japan C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Curtis, CJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 0-89208-264-X PY 2006 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFN45 UT WOS:000243319100025 ER PT S AU Parham, C Pisano, E Livasy, C Faulconer, L Wernick, M Brankov, J Kiss, M Connor, D Chen, J Wu, A Zhong, Z Chapman, D AF Parham, Christopher Pisano, Etta Livasy, Chad Faulconer, Laura Wernick, Miles Brankov, Jovan Kiss, Miklos Connor, Dean Chen, Jeddy Wu, Ann Zhong, Zhong Chapman, Dean BE Astley, SM Brady, M Rose, C Zwiggelaar, R TI Application of the Multiple Image Radiography method to breast imaging SO DIGITAL MAMOGRAPHY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Digital Mammography CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND ID CANCER SPECIMENS; CONTRAST; DEI AB The Multiple Image Radiography (MIR) method is new imaging modality that extends the capability of conventional absorption based radiography by adding the additional contrast mechanisms of x-ray refraction and ultra-small angle scatter. In order to design a clinically based MIR system, the MIR specific x-ray properties in breast tissue must be analyzed to determine which are diagnostically useful. Developing MIR as an imaging modality also requires developing new phantoms that incorporate x-ray refraction and ultrasmall angle scatter in addition to traditional x-ray absorption. Three breast cancer specimens were imaged using MIR to demonstrate its MIR specific x-ray properties. An uncompressed anthropomorphic breast phantom with an imbedded low absorption contrast acrylic sphere was imaged to provide a physical model of how the unique properties of MIR can be utilized to improve upon conventional mammography and illustrate how these can be used to design a clinically useful imaging system. C1 Univ N Carolina, Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Dept Radiol & Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. RP Parham, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Dept Radiol & Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-35625-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4046 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BET70 UT WOS:000239454900040 ER PT S AU Timlin, JA AF Timlin, Jerilyn A. BE Kimmel, A Oluver, B TI Scanning microarrays: Current methods and future directions SO DNA MICROARRAYS, PART B: DATABASES AND STATISTICS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DNA MICROARRAYS; FLUORESCENCE; EXPRESSION; DESIGN; NORMALIZATION; PLATFORMS; QUALITY; PROTEIN AB The microarray platform is a powerful tool for conducting large-scale, high-throughput gene expression experiments. However, careful attention to detail throughout the five major steps in the microarray process-design, printing, hybridization, scanning, and analysis-must be used to ensure that reliable and accurate conclusions are obtained from data. The act of scanning the array has received the least attention of all parts of the microarray process, despite it being a critical quality-limiting component. This chapter specifically addresses the effects of scan parameters and limitations of the scanning technology divided into two categories: instrumentation effects (those that arise from the scanning instrumentation itself) and user-controller parameters (those that an operator chooses) for the most common microarray platform-the two-color cDNA microarray printed on a glass substrate. Significant research efforts have gone into developing microarray analysis techniques, but the field is ripe for research to characterize the variability and errors introduced by the scanning process itself, the scanner instrumentation, and the user. Implications of these errors for large-scale, multiple slide and multiple laboratory experiments are discussed. Wise choices for scanning parameters and consideration of instrument specifics will ultimately increase data reliability and reduce the need for complex preprocessing mechanisms prior to the extraction of expression information. In addition, emerging technologies such as surface plasmon imaging, resonance light scattering, and hyperspectral imaging are presented briefly as promising, complementary techniques to traditional scanning methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Anal & Imaging, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Timlin, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Anal & Imaging, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-182816-5 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2006 VL 411 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)11006-X PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFT40 UT WOS:000244506300006 PM 16939787 ER PT B AU Porter, RB Frigo, JR Gokhale, M Wolinski, C Charot, F Wagner, C AF Porter, Reid B. Frigo, Jan R. Gokhale, Maya Wolinski, C. Charot, F. Wagner, C. BE Muthukumar, V TI A Run-Time Re-configurable Parametric Architecture for Local Neighborhood Image Processing SO DSD 2006: 9TH EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN: ARCHITECTURES, METHODS AND TOOLS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design - Architectures, Methods and Tools CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2006 CL Cavtat, CROATIA SP XILINX, ALDEC AB We propose a run-time re-configurable parametric architecture (Fabric) for local neighborhood image processing. The proposed architecture is composed of polymorphous cells where each cell accesses neighborhood data from a local cell memory, and executes a neighborhood function sequentially. The architecture is flexible since different neighborhood functions can be implemented by rewriting a cell's software micro-code. High throughput is achieved because many cells execute concurrently. We show that for a satellite image feature extraction application, our architecture, implemented on Stratix II and Virtex 2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays, achieves similar performance, hardware resource utilization, and throughput as a fully pipelined systolic array architecture, yet offers improved flexibility to the developer We compare and contrast these two architectures for their usability to the image processing community. C1 [Porter, Reid B.; Frigo, Jan R.; Gokhale, Maya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wolinski, C.; Charot, F.; Wagner, C.] IRISA, IFSIC, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Porter, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rporter@lanl.gov; jfrigo@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov; wolinski@irisa.fr; charot@irisa.fr; wagner@irisa.fr NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2609-8 PY 2006 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BFJ54 UT WOS:000242376400015 ER PT S AU Liang, YL Zhang, YY Jette, M Sivasubramaniam, A Sahoo, R AF Liang, Yinglung Zhang, Yanyong Jette, Morris Sivasubramaniam, Anand Sahoo, Ramendra GP IEEE TI BlueGene/L failure analysis and prediction models SO DSN 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks CY JUN 25-28, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP HP Invent, Raytheon Co, Google Inc, AVAYA Labs, Microsoft Res, AT& T AB The growing computational and storage needs of several scientific applications mandate the deployment of extreme-scale parallel machines, such as IBM's BlueGene/L which can accommodate as many as 128K processors. One of the challenges when designing and deploying these systems in a production setting is the need to take failure occurrences, whether it be in the hardware or in the software, into account. Earlier work has shown that conventional runtime fault-tolerant techniques such as periodic check-pointing are not effective to the emerging systems. Instead, the ability to predict failure occurrences can help develop more effective checkpointing strategies. Failure prediction has long been regarded as a challenging research problem, mainly due to the lack of realistic failure data from actual production systems. In this study, we have collected RAS event logs from BlueGene/L over a period of more than 100 days. We have investigated the characteristics of fatal failure events, as well as the correlation between fatal events and non-fatal events. Based on the observations, we have developed three simple yet effective failure prediction methods, which can predict around 80% of the memory and network failures, and 47% of the application I/O failures. C1 [Liang, Yinglung; Zhang, Yanyong] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Jette, Morris] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Resource Management Grp, Livermore, CA USA. [Sivasubramaniam, Anand] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sahoo, Ramendra] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Exploratory Syst Software Dept, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RP Liang, YL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM ylliang@ece.rutgers.edu; yyzhang@ece.rutgers.edu; jette@llnl.gov; anand@cse.psu.edu; rsahoo@us.ibm.com NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 0-7695-2607-1 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2006 BP 425 EP 434 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEW96 UT WOS:000239916800043 ER PT B AU Polosky, MA Garcia, EJ AF Polosky, Marc A. Garcia, Ernest J. BE Blanton, S Bosseboeuf, A Courtois, B Karam, JM Kempe, V Markus, K TI Microsystem product development SO DTIP 2006: Symposium on Design,Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS CY APR 26-28, 2006 CL Stresa, ITALY SP Tima, CPMT AB Over the last decade the successful design and fabrication of complex MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems), optical circuits and ASICs have been demonstrated. Packaging and integration processes have lagged behind MEMS research but are rapidly maturing. As packaging processes evolve, a new challenge presents itself, microsystem product development. Product development entails the maturation of the design and all the processes needed to successfully produce a product. Elements such as tooling design, fixtures, gages, testers, inspection, work instructions, process planning, etc., are often overlooked as MEMS engineers concentrate on design, fabrication and packaging processes. Thorough, up-front planning of product development efforts is crucial to the success of any project. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Polosky, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMA LABORATORY PI GRENOBLE PA 46 AVENUE FELIX VIALLET, GRENOBLE, 38031, FRANCE BN 978-2-916187-03-7 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGA40 UT WOS:000245806000001 ER PT S AU Lin, JF Schwegler, E Yoo, CS AF Lin, Jung-Fu Schwegler, Eric Yoo, Choong-Shik BE Jacobsen, SD VanderLee, S TI Phase Diagram and Physical Properties of H2O at High Pressures and Temperatures: Applications to Planetary Interiors SO EARTHS DEEP WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; NOMINALLY ANHYDROUS MINERALS; HYDROGEN-BOND SYMMETRIZATION; HIGH SHOCK PRESSURES; EARTHS LOWER MANTLE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MELTING CURVE; ICE-VII; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB Here we discuss the phase diagram and physical properties of H2O under pressure-temperature conditions relevant to planetary interiors. Recent studies show that the melting curve of H2O increases rapidly above a recently discovered triple point at approximately 35 to 47 GPa and 1000 K, indicating a large increase in Delta V/Delta S (volume versus entropy change) and associated changes in the physical properties of H2O at high pressures and temperatures. Existence of the triple point is thought to be associated with the formation of a superionic phase, dynamically-disordered ice VII, or extension of the ice VII-ice X phase boundary; although the precise pressure and temperature of the triple point, curvature of the melting line, and nature of the solid-solid transition below the triple point all remain to be further explored. The steep increase in the melting curve of H2O at high pressures and temperatures has important implications on our understanding of planetary interiors. Depending on its curvature, the melting line of H2O may intersect the isentropes of Neptune and Uranus as well as the geotherm of Earth's lower mantle. Furthermore, if the triple point is due to the occurrence of the theoretically predicted superionic phase, besides leading to significant ionic conductivity, fast proton diffusion would cause enhanced chemical reactivity and formation of complex compounds in these planets. For example, reaction of H2O with iron and other metals to form metal hydrides such as FeHx could provide a mechanism for incorporation of hydrogen as a light element into Earth's core. The equation of state of water is also presented as it pertains to the properties of hydrous fluid and melt phases in the mantle. C1 [Lin, Jung-Fu; Schwegler, Eric; Yoo, Choong-Shik] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lin, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI van der Lee, Suzan/K-1144-2013 OI van der Lee, Suzan/0000-0003-1884-1185 NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-433-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2006 VL 168 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1029/168GM12 D2 10.1029/GM168 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BOH84 UT WOS:000276679100011 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ Iversen, CM AF Norby, RJ Iversen, CM TI Nitrogen uptake, distribution, turnover, and efficiency of use in a CO2-enriched sweetgum forest SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; FACE; free-air CO2 enrichment; Liquidambar styraciflua; net primary productivity; nitrogen uptake; nitrogen-use efficiency; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; plant N dynamics; progressive nitrogen limitation; retranslocation of reserves; sweetgum ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; FACE EXPERIMENTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; LEAF; ENRICHMENT; CANOPY; GROWTH AB The Progressive Nitrogen Limitation (PNL) hypothesis suggests that ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere will sequester C and N in long-lived biomass and soil organic pools, thereby limiting available N and constraining the continued response of net primary productivity to elevated [CO2]. Here, we present a six-year record of N dynamics of a sweetgunt (Liquidambar styraciflua) stand exposed to elevated [CO2] in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. We also evaluate the concept of PNL for this ecosystem from the perspective of N uptake, content, distribution, and turnover, and N-use efficiency. Leaf N content was 11% lower on a leaf mass basis (N-M) and 7% lower on a leaf area basis (N-A) in CO2-enriched trees. However, there was no effect of [CO2] on total canopy N content. Resorption of N during senescence was not altered by [CO2], so N-M of litter, but not total N content, was reduced. The N, of fine roots was not affected, but the total amount of N required for fine-root production increased significantly, reflecting the large stimulation of fine-root production in this stand. Hence, total N requirement of the trees was higher in elevated [CO2], and the increased requirement was met through an increase in N uptake rather than increased retranslocation of stored reserves. Increased N uptake was correlated with increased net primary productivity (NPP). N-use efficiency, however, did not change with CO2 enrichment because increased N productivity was offset by lower mean residence time of N in the trees. None of the measured responses of plant N dynamics in this ecosystem indicated the occurrence of PNL, and the stimulation of NPP by elevated [CO2] was sustained for the first six years of the experiment. Although there are some indications of developing changes in the N economy, the N supply in the soil at this site may be sufficient to meet an increasing demand for available N, especially as the roots of CO2-enriched trees explore deeper in the soil profile. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rjn@ornl.gov RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; NR 36 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1890/04-1950 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021XU UT WOS:000236020000003 PM 16634292 ER PT J AU Finzi, AC Moore, DJP DeLucia, EH Lichter, J Hofmockel, KS Jackson, RB Kim, HS Matamala, R McCarthy, HR Oren, R Pippen, JS Schlesinger, WH AF Finzi, AC Moore, DJP DeLucia, EH Lichter, J Hofmockel, KS Jackson, RB Kim, HS Matamala, R McCarthy, HR Oren, R Pippen, JS Schlesinger, WH TI Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem processes under elevated CO2 in a warm-temperate forest SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; net primary production; nitrogen cycling; temperate forest ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL-NITROGEN; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; EXTRACTION METHOD; ENRICHMENT; MINERALIZATION; FUMIGATION AB A hypothesis for progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) proposes that net primary production (NPP) will decline through time in ecosystems subjected to a step-function increase in atmospheric CO2. The primary mechanism driving this response is a rapid rate of N immobilization by plants and microbes under elevated CO2 that depletes soils of N, causing slower rates of N mineralization. Under this hypothesis, there is little long-term stimulation of NPP by elevated CO2 in the absence of exogenous inputs of N. We tested this hypothesis using data on the pools and fluxes of C and N in tree biomass, microbes, and soils from 1997 through 2002 collected at the Duke Forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Elevated CO2 stimulated NPP by 18-24% during the first six years of this experiment. Consistent with the hypothesis for PNL, significantly more N was immobilized in tree biomass and in the O horizon under elevated CO, In contrast to the PNL hypothesis, microbial-N immobilization did not increase under elevated CO2, and although the rate of net N mineralization declined through time, the decline was not significantly more rapid under elevated CO2. Ecosystem C-to-N ratios widened more rapidly under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2 indicating a more rapid rate of C fixation per unit of N, a processes that could delay PNL in this ecosystem. Mass balance calculations demonstrated a large accrual of ecosystem N capital. Is PNL occurring in this ecosystem and will NPP decline to levels under ambient CO2? The answer depends on the relative strength of tree biomass and O-horizon N immobilization vs. widening C-to-N ratios and ecosystem-N accrual as processes that drive and delay PNL, respectively. Only direct observations through time will definitively answer this question. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04287 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finzi, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM afinzi@bu.edu RI Moore, David/A-6268-2013; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 NR 49 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 7 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1890/04-1748 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021XU UT WOS:000236020000004 PM 16634293 ER PT B AU Kashiwa, BA Kashiwa, CB AF Kashiwa, B. A. Kashiwa, Corey B. BE Frangopoulos, CA Rakopoulos, CD Tsatsaronis, G TI The solar cyclone SO ECOS 2006: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2006) CY JUL 12-14, 2006 CL Aghia Pelagia, GREECE SP Natl Tech Univ Athens DE fresh water; solar power; renewable resource; sustainable resource; solar chimney; atmospheric updraft; cyclone separator; Ranque-Hilsch; tornado vortex AB The Solar Cyclone is introduced as a means of extracting fresh water from Earth's atmosphere. The device consists of a greenhouse for collecting and storing solar energy as heat, with a central chimney that channels an updraft of surface air heated in the greenhouse. An expansion cyclone separator for removing atmospheric water vapor is placed at the base of the chimney. The separator consists of a strongly rotating vortex in which the central temperature is well below the dew point for the greenhouse air. Power consumed in the expansion and separation is furnished by the motive potential of the chimney updraft. Turbulent flow conditions are established in the expansion cyclone separator to enhance the centrifugal separation. Excess updraft power is used to generate electricity. The article furnishes a theoretical basis for the feasibility of the Solar Cyclone; the theory suggests that an experimental study of the device would be worthwhile. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kashiwa, BA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL TECHNICAL UNIV ATHENS PI ZOGRAFOU PA HEROON POLYTECHNIOU 9, ZOGRAFOU, 157 80, GREECE BN 978-960-87584-2-1 PY 2006 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFW97 UT WOS:000245232700175 ER PT S AU Sandvik, AW Melko, RG Scalapino, DJ AF Sandvik, AW Melko, RG Scalapino, DJ BE Batrouni, GG Poilblanc, D TI Valence-bond-solid phases and quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional spin models with four-site interactions SO EFFECTIVE MODELS FOR LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Effective Models for Low-Dimensional Strongly Correlated Systems CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Peyresq, FRANCE SP European Sci Fdn, CNRS, French Minist Res & Technol DE quantum spin system; quantum phase transition; finite-size scaling; ring exchange; quantum Monte Carlo; stochastic series expansion ID GROUND-STATE; FINITE-SIZE; ALGORITHM AB We discuss zero-temperature phase transititions from an antiferromagnetic ground state into a valence-bond-solid (VBS) in two different square-lattice quantum spin models. In one limit these models reduce to the standard S = 1/2 XY and Heisenberg models, respectively, which have long-range antiferromagnetic order at T = 0. Introducing particular types of four-spin interactions, amenable to quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation without negative-sign problems, drives phase transitions into VBS states with broken Z(4) symmetry. It has recently been argued that continuous quantum phase transitions of this nature represent a new class of deconfined quantum-critical points [Senthil et al., Science 303, 1490 (2004)], which are not captured within the standard Ginzburg-Landau framework of phase transitions. Here we discuss a QMC study aimed at accurately characterizing the transition in the XY model. We find some evidence that the transition is actually weakly first-order, but other scenarios, such as a continuous transition violating hyperscaling, also cannot be completely ruled out. For the Heisenberg model with four-spin interactions we have confirmed that a VBS state exists. Preliminary finite-size scaling results show consistency with a continuous transition into the Neel state, with dynamic exponent z = 1. This model is thus a candidate for deconfined quantum criticality. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Sandvik, Anders/0000-0002-5638-4619 FU NSF [DMR-0513930, DMR-0211166] FX We would like to thank Leon Balents, Matthew Fisher, Eduardo Fradkin, Andreas Lauchli, Nikolai Prokofev, Subir Sachdev, Boris Svistunov, and T. Senthil for very useful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF under grants No. DMR-0513930 (AWS) and DMR-0211166 (DJS). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0309-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 816 BP 252 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEA75 UT WOS:000236488200021 ER PT S AU Cole, JI Allen, TR Tsai, HC Yoshitake, T Yamagata, I Akasaka, N Nakamura, Y AF Cole, James I. Allen, Todd R. Tsai, Hanchung Yoshitake, Tsunemitsu Yamagata, Ichiro Akasaka, Naoaki Nakamura, Yasuo BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Low strain-rate microstructural deformation behavior in 316 stainless steel irradiated in EBR-II SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE austenitic stainless steels; radiation damage; microstructure; deformation ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; MECHANISMS AB In order to better understand the influence of the radiation-induced defect microstructures on changes in stainless steel deformation behavior, the microstructures of irradiated 12 % cold-worked 316 stainless steel were examined following slow-strain-rate tensile testing. Tensile samples were fabricated from two hexagonal ducts that were irradiated in the outer rows of the Experimental Breeder Reactor. The samples were irradiated at temperatures ranging from approximately 383 to 443 degrees C and doses up to approximately 41 displacements per atom. The tensile tests were conducted at a strain rate of 1 x 10(-7) s(-1) and test temperature of similar to 430 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to quantify the defect microstructures of three pairs of samples, each pair having been exposed to similar irradiation conditions. One sample of each pair was taken from the gauge section of a tested tensile sample, and the other was untested. The influence of the defect microstructure on the deformation and fracture behavior is evaluated and results are discussed in light of current theories of deformation behavior in irradiated metals. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Cole, JI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 32 EP 40 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100003 ER PT S AU Gelles, DS Kurtz, RJ AF Gelles, David S. Kurtz, Richard J. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Extrapolation of fracture toughness data for HT9 irradiated at 360-390(circle)C SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE fracture toughness; neutron irradiation; martensitic steel; master curve analysis AB Following irradiation in the FFTF-AC01 test at 360 degrees C to 5.5 x 10(22) n/cm(2), two HT9 samples tested at 30 degrees C were measured to have fracture toughness levels of 28.2 and 31.9 MPa m(1/2), respectively, whereas a third identical specimen tested at 205 degrees C gave 126 MPa m(1/2). Based on testing of notched tensile specimens from the same irradiation test, the low toughness was a result of brittle fracture. A similar low level of toughness has also been demonstrated in HT9 following irradiation at 250 degrees C, and therefore such behavior is reproducible. Using ASTM Standard E 1921-02, which characterizes the fracture toughness of ferritic steels that experience onset of cleavage cracking at instabilities, it is shown that these data can be analyzed by a Master Curve approach, and that the trend of the fracture toughness over a wider range of temperatures can be estimated. Master Curve analysis demonstrates that toughness will remain low over a wide range of temperatures near 30 degrees C, but will degrade only slightly when temperatures drop to -10 degrees C. C1 Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 99 EP 110 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100008 ER PT S AU Nanstad, RK Niffenegger, M Kalkhof, RD Miller, MF Sokolov, MA Tipping, P AF Nanstad, R. K. Niffenegger, M. Kalkhof, R. D. Miller, M. F. Sokolov, M. A. Tipping, Ph. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Fracture toughness, thermo-electric power, and atom probe investigations of JRQ steel in I, IA, IAR, and IARA conditions SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE Charpy impact; fracture toughness; irradiation; precracked Charpy; reactor pressure vessel; reirradiation; tensile strength; thermal annealing AB The International Atomic Energy Agency has sponsored a number of studies involving a specific plate of A533 grade B class 1 steel designated heat JRQ. In this cooperative study between the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), groups of Charpy impact, tensile, and precracked Charpy specimens of the JRQ plate were irradiated by PSI to four different fast neutron fluences [from 0.39 to 5.0 x 10(23) n/m(2) (> 1 McV)] in a test reactor. Additional specimens were given a post-irradiation thermal annealing treatment at 460 degrees C for 18 h when 50 % of the target fluence was reached, followed by reirradiation to the same target fluences for the four groups of irradiated specimens. Additionally, ORNL thermally annealed some of the reirradiated specimens, as well as some of those in the irradiated only condition. Charpy impact, tensile, fracture toughness, and hardness tests have been performed to evaluate material response in the various conditions and to compare with the unirradiated material. Additionally, thermo-electric power experiments have been conducted by PSI, while atom probe tomography evaluations have been conducted by ORNL. Except at the highest fluence, the results show that the material given an intermediate annealing treatment exhibited irradiation-induced transition temperature shifts about the same as those that were only irradiated. However, the upper-shelf energies were generally higher and the yield strengths were generally lower for the reirradiated groups. The intermediate thermal annealing resulted in less reirradiation embrittlement of fracture toughness than Charpy impact toughness, while annealing after reirradiation resulted in significant increases in Charpy upper-shelf energy above that in the unirradiated condition. Irradiation-induced and IAR Charpy impact transition temperature shifts exhibit a nearly linear correlation with Seebeck coefficient in the I and IAR conditions. ORNL has also sent additional specimens from I, IA, IAR, and IARA test of JRQ for additional TEP testing. After irradiation, a high number density of ultrafine Cu-, Mn-, Ni-, Si-, and P-enriched precipitates were observed by atom probe tomography. Phosphorus segregation to dislocations was also observed. A significantly lower number density of larger Cu-, Mn-, and Ni- enriched precipitates was observed after the second annealing treatment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Niffenegger, Markus/0000-0002-8518-3779 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 195 EP 211 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100015 ER PT S AU Li, MM Zinkle, SJ AF Li, Meimei Zinkle, S. J. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Deformation mechanism maps of unirradiated and irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE V-4Cr-4Ti; tensile; creep; irradiation; constitutive equations; deformation mechanism maps ID TENSILE PROPERTIES; VANADIUM ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; CREEP AB This paper addresses various deformation mechanisms of unirradiated and irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti in terms of Ashby-type deformation maps. Tensile tests were carried out in the temperature range of 950-1150 degrees C at strain rates of 10(-3), 10(4), and 10(-5) s(-1). In addition, published tensile data and thermal creep data before and after irradiation were analyzed to provide further information about the materials' deformation behavior. The extensive tensile database for V-4Cr-4Ti was used to determine the key material parameters in physically-based constitutive equations. The resultant constitutive equations were employed to construct the Ashby deformation mechanism maps for unirradiated and irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti. Using the data analysis from the tensile tests, deformation map predictions at slow strain rates were obtained and verified by comparison with the experimental creep results. The methodology was successful in identifying the operating deformation mechanisms for a given temperature, stress, or strain rate condition. The study examines the limitations of extending creep data and analysis into new operating regimes, particularly where different deformation mechanisms are involved. The application of deformation mechanism maps in creep testing and data analysis is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 328 EP 344 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100026 ER PT S AU Gan, J Meyer, MK Birtcher, RC Allen, TR AF Gan, Jian Meyer, Mitchell K. Birtcher, Robert C. Allen, Todd R. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Microstructure evolution in ZrC irradiated with Kr ions SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE ZrC; Kr ions; microstructure; irradiation; dislocation; lattice expansion AB The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) is one of six concepts for the Generation-IV nuclear energy system. The fuel for the GFR requires both a high heavy metal loading and the ability to withstand temperatures up to 1600 degrees C during a loss of coolant accident. ZrC is among the few potential refractory ceramic materials with necessary properties to be considered as matrix materials for a dispersed carbide fuel. The radiation response of ZrC to high dose and temperature is a critical research need. This work investigated the microstructure of ZrC irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions to doses of 10 and 30 dpa at 27 degrees C and 10 and 70 dpa at 800 degrees C with a damage rate approximately 3.0 x 10(-3) dpa/s. No radiation-induced amorphization was found. A lattice expansion of approximately 7% was observed for ZrC irradiated to 70 dpa at 800 degrees C. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Meyer, Mitchell/0000-0002-1980-7862 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100028 ER PT S AU Katoh, Y Snead, LL AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance L. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Mechanical properties of cubic silicon carbide after neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE silicon carbide; neutron irradiation; nano-indentation; elastic modulus; flexural strength ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Mechanical properties of high-purity polycrystalline cubic SiC was characterized after neutron irradiation. Bar samples were irradiated in target position capsules in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR, Oak Ridge, Tennessee) to nominal fluence levels up to 7.7 dpa at temperatures of 300, 500, and 800 degrees C. A decrease in Young's modulus was observed after irradiation, and its irradiation temperature dependence qualitatively agreed with the calculated modulus change due to point defect swelling. Irradiation caused a significant modification of statistical flexural strength but caused only minor increase in nano-indentation hardness. The irradiation effect on fracture initiation through an enhanced cleavage resistance likely is primarily responsible for the major change in flexural strength properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 365 EP 377 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100029 ER PT S AU Li, MM Stubbins, JF AF Li, Meimei Stubbins, James F. BE Allen, TR Lott, RG Busby, JT Kumar, AS TI Creep-fatigue behavior in high strength copper alloys SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 22nd Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP ASTM Comm E10 DE fatigue; creep; stress relaxation; fatigue life; copper alloys ID HEAT-FLUX APPLICATIONS; STRESS RELAXATION; LOW TEMPERATURES AB Copper alloys are found to experience a stress relaxation during holds at maximum tension and maximum compression during cyclic loading patterns. This stress relaxation response has an effect on fatigue life by reducing the numbers of cycles to failure, particularly in the high cycle fatigue, long life regime, The stress relaxation behavior is found even for room temperature loading conditions, well below the temperature regime normally associated with creep and stress relaxation. It is suggested that the creep and stress relaxation deformation modes during hold periods is predominantly through primary creep process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3401-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2006 VL 1475 BP 378 EP 391 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BFV90 UT WOS:000245031100030 ER PT S AU Balick, LK Gillespie, AR McCabe, MF Mushkin, A AF Balick, Lee K. Gillespie, Alan R. McCabe, Matthew F. Mushkin, Amit BE Kamerman, GW Willetts, DV Steinvall, OK TI Forward modeling of linear mixing in thermal IR ground leaving radiance spectra SO Electro-Optical Remote Sensing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing II CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe, Defence IQ, EMRS DTC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, FOI, Swedish Defence Res Agcy, Luminex Corp, QinetiQ Ltd DE hyperspectral; thermal IR; spectral; remote sensing; linear mixing; model AB Hyperspectral thermal IR remote sensing is an effective tool for the detection and identification of gas plumes and solid materials. Virtually all remotely sensed thermal IR pixels are mixtures of different materials or temperatures. As sensors improve and hyperspectral thermal IR remote sensing becomes more quantitative, the concept of homogeneous pixels becomes inadequate. The contributions of the constituents to the pixel spectral ground leaving radiance are weighted by their spectral emissivity as well as their temperature, or more correctly, temperature distributions, because real pixels are rarely thermally homogeneous. Planck's Law defines a relationship between temperature and radiance that is strongly wavelength dependent, even for blackbodies. Spectral ground leaving radiance (GLR) from mixed pixels is temperature and wavelength dependent and the relationship between observed radiance spectra from mixed pixels and library emissivity spectra of mixtures of 'pure' materials is indirect. This paper presents results from a simple model of linear mixing of pixel spectral GLR. A pixel consists of one or more materials each with a temperature distribution and an emissivity spectrum. Temperature distributions consistent with high resolution thermal images are used as inputs to the model. The impact of spatial-temporal fluctuation of skin temperature on skin temperature variability will be discussed. The results show the strong sensitivity of spectral GLR at shorter wavelengths to temperature and significant variation of radiance mixture proportions with wavelength in the mid-infrared (3-5 mu m). Spectral GLR of mixtures in the 8-12 mu m domain are more modestly impacted but the impact of subpixel mixing and variability is still significant. A demonstration of the effects of linear mixing on linear un-mixing is also presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balick, LK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6494-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6396 BP U84 EP U94 DI 10.1117/12.683816 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BFQ99 UT WOS:000243903500008 ER PT S AU Pieck, M Stephens, JR Brumby, SB Pope, PA Channell, RA Birnbaum, ER AF Pieck, Martin Stephens, John R. Brumby, Steven B. Pope, Paul A. Channell, Ryan A. Birnbaum, Eva R. BE Kamerman, GW Willetts, DV Steinvall, OK TI An expert lidar data analysis toolset for explosive debris plumes SO Electro-Optical Remote Sensing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Remote Sensing II CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe, Defence IQ, EMRS DTC, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, FOI, Swedish Defence Res Agcy, Luminex Corp, QinetiQ Ltd DE lidar; remote sensing; debris plumes; data analysis; toolset AB Open-air explosive activities are carried out by a variety of institutions, including government agencies and private organizations. These activities result in debris plumes that contain elements of the explosive package as well as substantial amounts of entrained environmental materials. While Lidar monitoring technology for these situations has been around for years we developed a unique, interactive, post-experiment Lidar Data Analysis Toolset (LIDATO) that allows the expert user to determine the location, backscatter intensity distribution, volume, and boundaries for general debris plumes at any given time. This is true with the exception of the early development and transport of the plume where the plume is typically opaque to the Lidar and only the plume edge facing the Lidar system can be mapped. For this reason we incorporated video coverage using multiple cameras. While the analysis of the video is handled separately we used the resulting plume position data and combined them with the LIDATO results. The data-fusion product refines the separately gained results and increases the data set accuracy in all aspects for the early stages of the explosion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pieck, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6494-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6396 BP U116 EP U127 DI 10.1117/12.692452 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BFQ99 UT WOS:000243903500011 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM AF Benedek, R Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM TI First-principles calculations for co-doped LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and LiMn2O4 battery electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SPINELS AB Cobalt is a widely used dopant in lithium-manganese-spinel-based electrode materials for lithium batteries. Ambiguity exists, however, as to the valence of Co in these spinels, as well as in numerous other oxides. First principles calculations with the generalized gradient approximation plus coulombic interaction parameter U (GGA+U) method are performed for LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 with and without Co substitutions, and for Co-substituted lithium manganese spinel, LiMn2O4, to elucidate electronic and structural properties of these high energy-density materials. The results indicate that Co is divalent in these systems for low dopant concentrations, but divalent and trivalent Co coexist at higher concentrations. This behavior is consistent with available experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benedek@anl.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP A289 EP A291 DI 10.1149/1.2192642 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 031BQ UT WOS:000236679500008 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Thackeray, MM AF Benedek, R Thackeray, MM TI Reaction energy for LiMn2O4 spinel dissolution in acid SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; WAVE BASIS-SET; CRYSTAL DISSOLUTION; CATHODE MATERIAL; DEFECT SPINEL; LITHIUM; MECHANISM; CELLS; TEMPERATURE; LAMBDA-MNO2 AB The dissolution of LiMn2O4 spinel in acid is a serious impediment to its use as a cathode material in Li batteries. In this paper, the free energy difference between reactants and products that drives the dissolution reaction is calculated using first principles methods for solid phases, and literature values for the solvation free energies of H, Li, and Mn ions and water molecules. We find that the dissolution reaction is endothermic in the absence of acid and exothermic in acid. Doping with Li on the Mn sublattice lowers the magnitude of the reaction energy Delta G by an amount proportional to the dilution of trivalent Mn in the host, thus confirming the role of disproportionation in the dissolution reaction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benedek@anl.gov NR 36 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP A265 EP A267 DI 10.1149/1.2188071 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 031BQ UT WOS:000236679500002 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Song, XY Richardson, TJ AF Chen, GY Song, XY Richardson, TJ TI Electron microscopy study of the LiFePO4 to FePO4 phase transition SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; LIXFEPO4 AB The mechanism by which LiFePO4 is transformed into isostructural FePO4 has been elucidated using electron microscopy on large, hydrothermally grown LiFePO4 crystals following chemical delithiation. Lithium is extracted at narrow, disordered transition zones on the ac crystal surface as the phase boundary progresses in the direction of the a-axis. The substantial lattice mismatch along a (ca. 5%) causes crack formation in the bc plane. Despite considerable disorder in the transition zone, the general structural arrangement is preserved, leading to good crystallinity in the newly created FePO4 domains. Implications for improved electrode performance are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 359 Z9 364 U1 19 U2 170 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP A295 EP A298 DI 10.1149/1.2192695 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 031BQ UT WOS:000236679500010 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Richardson, TJ AF Chen, GY Richardson, TJ TI Overcharge protection for high voltage lithium cells using two electroactive polymers SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION BATTERIES AB A bilayer conducting polymer composite separator provides overcharge protection for high voltage rechargeable lithium batteries. The polymer with the higher oxidation potential is placed in contact with the cathode and sets the overcharge protection limit, while the lower voltage polymer completes the reversible shunt and protects the high voltage polymer from degradation due to instability at the anode potential. The passage of an oxidation front through such a polymer bilayer was visualized using a transparent thin- film cell, and the approach was successfully used for internal protection of LiFePO4/ Li cells and external protection of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/ Li cells. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP A24 EP A26 DI 10.1149/1.2135428 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 986DQ UT WOS:000233430400007 ER PT J AU Gabrisch, H Wilcox, JD Doeff, MM AF Gabrisch, H Wilcox, JD Doeff, MM TI Carbon surface layers on a high-rate LiFePO4 SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image particles of a high-rate LiFePO4 sample containing a small amount of in situ carbon. The particle morphology is highly irregular, with a wide size distribution. Nevertheless, coatings, varying from about 5 to 10 nm in thickness, could readily be detected on surfaces of particles as well as on edges of agglomerates. Elemental mapping using energy-filtered TEM indicates that these very thin surface layers are composed of carbon. These observations have important implications for the design of high-rate LiFePO4 materials in which, ideally, a minimal amount of carbon coating is used. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ New Orleans, Coll Sci, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gabrisch, H (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Coll Sci, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM hgabrisc@uno.edu RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Gabrisch, Heike/I-5021-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; NR 12 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP A360 EP A363 DI 10.1149/1.2203309 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 044OP UT WOS:000237682300012 ER PT J AU Sholklapper, TZ Lu, C Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Sholklapper, TZ Lu, C Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC TI LSM-infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell cathodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE CATHODES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; FABRICATION; ELECTRODE AB A single-step infiltration method has been developed to incorporate the La0.85Sr0.15MnO3-delta (LSM) oxide phase into a pre-sintered, porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) network, forming an effective LSM-YSZ composite cathode. The LSM particles, with a size of similar to 30 to similar to 100 nm, deposit preferentially on the pore walls throughout the porous YSZ, forming a pathway for electron conduction, and creating a high density of active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction. The resulting composite cathode has been evaluated in a solid oxide fuel cell operating at 923 K, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the infiltration process. The single-step infiltration method enables the possibility of producing solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, based on pre-sintered porous YSZ networks, with other catalysts that are not compatible with the high temperature processing that co-firing may require. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sholklapper, TZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LCDejonghe@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP A376 EP A378 DI 10.1149/1.2206011 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055RO UT WOS:000238468300002 ER PT J AU Simner, SP Anderson, MD Engelhard, MH Stevenson, JW AF Simner, S. P. Anderson, M. D. Engelhard, M. H. Stevenson, J. W. TI Degradation mechanisms of La-Sr-Co-Fe-O3SOFC cathodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; PERFORMANCE; MEMBRANE AB The long-term stability of anode-supported yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) utilizing (La0.6Sr0.4)(0.98)Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta (LSCF-6428) cathodes (incorporating Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 cathode-electrolyte interlayers) was assessed. Specimens tested for 500 h at 750 degrees C and 0.7 V indicated >30% power degradation. While scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated no obvious microstructural or chemical phenomena that could explain the high degradation, X-ray photon spectroscopy revealed that enrichment of Sr at the cathode-electrolyte and cathode-current collector interfaces was at least partially responsible for the observed degradation. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simner, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Steven.Simner@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 16 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 8 U2 77 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 BP A478 EP A481 DI 10.1149/1.2266160 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 076DG UT WOS:000239936600008 ER PT J AU Son, JT Cairns, EJ AF Son, JT Cairns, EJ TI Preparation and characterization of Li-1.05[Ni0.35Co025Mn0.4]O-2 as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION CELLS; INSERTION MATERIAL; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; BATTERIES; ELECTRODE; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PERFORMANCE; LIXCOO2; ENERGY AB A lithium insertion material Li-1.05[Ni0.35Co0.25Mn0.4]O-2 was synthesized by a sol- gel method. The structural and electrochemical properties of the sample were investigated using X- ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and the galvanostatic charge- discharge method. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns shows this compound as having the alpha- NaFeO2 structure (R3m; a = 2.8670 (4) angstrom, and 14.279 (3) angstrom in hexagonal setting.Li-1.05[Ni0.35Co0.25Mn0.4]O-2 has a discharge capacity of 164 mAh/ g in the voltage range 2.8- 4.5 V vs Li/ Li+, a stable capacity on cycling, and good rate capability in the current range 0.1- 4.0 C. When the voltage range is increased to 2.8- 4.8 V, it yields a capacity of 187 mAh/ g, but exhibits a significant loss of capacity during cycling. The results indicate that this novel cathode material should be useful for lithium- ion cells because it has a lower cost than LiCoO2- containing cells, and high performance. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Son, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejcairns@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP A27 EP A30 DI 10.1149/1.2136248 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 986DQ UT WOS:000233430400008 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Srinivasan, V Newman, J TI Existence of path-dependence in the LiFePO4 electrode SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYSTERESIS; LIXFEPO4 AB This paper explores two unique features of the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) electrode that provide insight into the electrochemical behavior of this system. First, we show the existence of an asymmetric behavior between charge and discharge, whereby the utilization on charge is considerably larger than that on discharge under current densities where transport limitations are important. Second, we show the existence of a path-dependence in this system whereby the high-rate electrochemical behavior of the electrode at a particular state of charge (SOC) depends on the path by which the electrode was brought to that SOC. We qualitatively explain both these features using a shrinking-core model to account for the juxtaposition of the two phases. The path-dependence reported in this paper could have implications in batteries used in hybrid-electric-vehicles as the power capability of this chemistry will depend on its cycling history, thereby complicating predictions of power. In addition, the data reported here emphasizes the importance of ensuring consistency in defining the SOC in experiments on this electrode. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vsrinivasan@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 7 U2 63 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP A110 EP A114 DI 10.1149/1.2159299 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 014KR UT WOS:000235479500003 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Kumar, R Myers, DJ AF Wang, XP Kumar, R Myers, DJ TI Effect of voltage on platinum dissolution relevance to polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING-DISK ELECTRODE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; CYCLIC-VOLTAMMETRY; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; CARBON; ASSEMBLIES; CATALYST; SURFACES; OXYGEN AB One of the processes responsible for performance degradation of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is the loss of the electrochemically active surface area of the platinum-based electrocatalysts, due in part to platinum dissolution. The long-term dissolution behavior of polycrystalline platinum and high-surface-area carbon-supported platinum particles was studied under potentiostatic conditions relevant to PEFC cathode conditions. The equilibrium concentration of dissolved Pt was found to increase monotonically from 0.65 to 1.1V (vs SHE) and decrease at potentials > 1.1 V. Dissolution rates measured at 0.9 V were comparable for the two types of electrodes (1.4 and 1.7 x 10(-14) g/cm(2) s). (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM myers@cmt.anl.gov NR 22 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP A225 EP A227 DI 10.1149/1.2180536 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 024XD UT WOS:000236228900002 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Chung, KY McBreen, J Zaghib, K Yang, XQ AF Yoon, Won-Sub Chung, Kyung Yoon McBreen, James Zaghib, Karim Yang, Xiao-Qing TI Electronic structure of the electrochemically delithiated Li-1-xFePO4 electrodes investigated by PK-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; SYSTEM; PHOSPHATES; LIFEPO4 AB P K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been carried out to investigate the electronic structure of the electrochemically delithiated Li1-xFePO4 for Li rechargeable batteries. The gradual shift of main edge features to higher energy side showed that P-O bonds become less covalent during delithiation due to the more covalent Fe3+-O bonds via the inductive effect. A principal component analysis of P K-edge XAS spectra of the electrochemically delithiated Li1-xFePO4 reveals that this set of spectra can be well represented by two primary components, in good agreement with a first-order phase transition involving the LiFePO4 and FePO4 phases. From the observation of pre-edge peaks, it is concluded that electrochemical delithiation of Li1-xFePO4 results in the hybridization of P 3p states with the Fe 3d states. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, IREQ, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 9 BP A415 EP A417 DI 10.1149/1.2216619 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 067EC UT WOS:000239283500006 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GV Yang, H Ross, PN Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhuang, GV Yang, H Ross, PN Xu, K Jow, TR TI Lithium methyl carbonate as a reaction product of metallic lithium and dimethyl carbonate SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; LI-ION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANODES; DECOMPOSITION; BATTERIES; ETHYLENE AB To improve the understanding of passive film formation on metallic lithium in organic electrolyte, we synthesized and characterized lithium methyl carbonate (LiOCO2CH3), a prototypical component of the film. The chemical structure of this compound was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and its thermal stability and decomposition pathway was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The FTIR spectrum of chemically synthesized compound enabled us to resolve multiple products in the passive film on lithium in dimethyl carbonate. Lithium methyl carbonate is only one of the components, the others being lithium oxalate and lithium methoxide. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhuang, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GVZhuang@lbl.gov RI Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP A64 EP A68 DI 10.1149/1.2142157 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YR UT WOS:000234142000008 ER PT J AU Brevnov, DA Gamble, TC Atanassov, P Lopez, GP Bauer, TM Chaudhury, ZA Schwappach, CD Mosley, LE AF Brevnov, Dmitri A. Gamble, Thomas C. Atanassov, Plamen Lopez, Gabriel P. Bauer, Todd M. Chaudhury, Zariff A. Schwappach, Chris D. Mosley, Larry E. TI Electrochemical micromachining - Porous-type anodization of patterned aluminum-copper films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL PORE ARRAYS; ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE; MASK; INTERCONNECTION; METALLIZATION; TITANIUM AB Porous-type anodization of patterned similar to 10 mu m thick Al-Cu films results in microstructures with alternating regions of Al-Cu and porous Al2O3. The volumetric expansion of porous Al2O3 is minimized by increasing the anodization solution temperature. The fidelity of the mask transfer (10 mu m wide) is compromised by the lateral pore propagation under the anodization mask. The Al-Cu pillars formed after complete dissolution of porous Al2O3 have a trapezoidal shape. The height of pillars is twice (8 mu m) the distance corresponding to the lateral pore propagation (4 mu m). In contrast to wet chemical etching, porous- type anodization of patterned Al-Cu films is not isotropic. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Intel Corp, New Mexico Mat Lab, Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Brevnov, DA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dbrevnov@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP B35 EP B38 DI 10.1149/1.2206007 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055RO UT WOS:000238468300007 ER PT J AU Huang, RS Lin, CJ Isaacs, HS AF Huang, RS Lin, CJ Isaacs, HS TI A difference-imaging technique used to study streaking corrosion of aluminum alloys AA7075 and AA8006 in chloride solution SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILIFORM CORROSION; HEAT-TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR; AA3005; SHEET AB We observed corrosion forming streaks in chloride solutions along abrasion grooves, or grooves formed during rolling, using an in situ difference-imaging technique. Streaking occurred on an abraded zinc-containing alloy AA7075-T6, and also on as-received or abraded and heat-treated alloy AA8006, which is representative of alloys known to suffer filiform corrosion. In both alloys, streaking was due to a 50 nm susceptible surface layer. This similarity contrasted with marked differences in how susceptibility developed, i.e., by abrasion in Al-Zn, and thermomechanical treatments in alloys prone to filiform corrosion. Mechanisms are discussed for streaking based on pH changes around growing streaks. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM isaacs@bnl.gov RI Lin, CJ/G-3392-2010 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP B11 EP B14 DI 10.1149/1.2140503 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YR UT WOS:000234142000018 ER PT J AU Abe, Y Lee, SH Zayim, EO Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Abe, Y Lee, SH Zayim, EO Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Electrochromic properties of sputtered Ni oxide thin films in neutral KCl electrolytes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DEGRADATION; COATINGS AB Thin films of Ni oxide, a promising anodic electrochromic material, were deposited by reactive radio frequency (rf) sputtering at 40, 60, and 100 W, and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were examined using neutral KCl electrolytes. Higher charge capacity and higher optical modulation were obtained for a Ni oxide film deposited at low sputtering power and low deposition rate. Electrochromic coloration efficiencies of similar to 30 cm(2)/C were obtained for all the Ni oxide films in KCl regardless of rf power value. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2137471] All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kitami Inst Technol, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan. Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Abe, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM se_hee_lee@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP G17 EP G18 DI 10.1149/1.2137471 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 986DQ UT WOS:000233430400030 ER PT J AU Albarghouti, M Naseem, H Al-Jassim, M AF Albarghouti, M Naseem, H Al-Jassim, M TI TEM investigation of the role of a nano-oxide layer in aluminum-induced crystallization of a-Si : H SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILM; KINETICS AB A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation was performed on poly-Si films produced by aluminum-induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) in the presence of a 2 nm SiO2 layer. The poly-Si films were fabricated on glass substrates. The study showed that introducing a 2 nm SiO2 layer produces poly-Si films of large (1-20 mu m) grains. The annealing temperatures and annealing times were kept below 450 degrees C and 20 min, respectively. The grain sizes were verified by TEM imaging. Electron diffraction patterns of the grains revealed that they are of good quality and that the grains have no Al layer beneath them. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. MuAnal Inc, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J7, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albarghouti, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM malbarghouti@munalysis.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 7 BP G225 EP G227 DI 10.1149/1.2197150 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 044OP UT WOS:000237682300026 ER PT J AU Abe, Y Lee, SH Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Abe, Y Lee, SH Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Electrochromic properties of sputtered Ni oxide thin films in acidic KCl+H2SO4 aqueous solutions SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-OXIDE; COATINGS; MECHANISM; DEVICES AB Electrochromic (EC) properties of sputtered Ni oxide films have been examined in KCl + H2SO4 acidic aqueous solutions. KCl concentration was kept constant at 1 M while H2SO4 concentrations were varied from 0 to 50 mM. EC coloration efficiency was found to be similar to 30 cm(2)/C in all the solutions, and maximum charge capacity and maximum change in optical density were obtained in a 1 M KCl solution with 0.5 mM H2SO4. Intercalation of hydrogen ions into NiO grains is believed to be the reason for the improvement of charge capacity and optical density change. These results offer support for the practical construction of efficient complementary EC devices using dilute acidic aqueous electrolytes. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kitami Inst Technol, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan. RP Abe, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM abeys@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 8 BP J31 EP J33 DI 10.1149/1.2205118 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055RO UT WOS:000238468300025 ER PT J AU Saraf, L McCready, DE Shutthanandan, V Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Thevuthasan, S AF Saraf, L McCready, DE Shutthanandan, V Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Thevuthasan, S TI Correlation among channeling, morphological, and microstructural properties in epitaxial CeO2 films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CRYSTAL INTERFACES; ELECTROLYTES; TECHNOLOGIES AB A critical thickness of similar to 64 nm is observed in epitaxial CeO2 films grown at 750 degrees C on yttrium-stabilized zirconia substrates where optimum ion channeling can be correlated with overall strain relaxation and low surface roughness. Saturation in backscattering yield, enhanced surface roughness, and strain relaxation is clearly evident in thicker films beyond this critical thickness. Despite excellent smoothness with epitaxial growth, films grown at 650 degrees C did not show low backscattering due to high misfit-dislocation density. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the need for an optimum thickness to develop multilayers with smooth interfaces, low backscattering with overall relaxation. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM lax.saraf@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP J17 EP J20 DI 10.1149/1.2186029 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 024XD UT WOS:000236228900035 ER PT B AU Kisielowski, C AF Kisielowski, C BE Weirich, TE Labar, JL Zou, X TI Exploiting sub-Angstrom abilities: What advantages do different techniques offer? SO Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized Materials SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Crystallography - Novel Approaches for Structure Determination on Nanosized Materials CY JUN 10-14, 2004 CL Erice, ITALY DE HRTEM; STEM; resolution; precision; sensitivity; single atom detection ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; IMAGE; RECONSTRUCTION; OXYGEN; HRTEM; FOCUS; FIELD AB This contribution reviews the current status of sub Angstrom electron microscopy. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) are considered and compared for imaging applications. While both techniques provide comparable sub Angstrom resolution around 0.8 angstrom noise levels and chemical discrimination are dissimilar, which result in complementary characteristics for the detection of different elements. In particular, the ability to detect single atoms benefits greatly from the ongoing resolution enhancement and corrections of lens aberrations. As a result it is feasible aiming at single atom analyses in three dimensions. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 72, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3918-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2006 VL 211 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Crystallography; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BED72 UT WOS:000236887300002 ER PT J AU Hohn, MH AF Hohn, Michael H. TI Solution of singular elliptic PDES on a union of rectangles using SINC methods SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE elliptic; PDE; sinc methods; singular problems; BVP AB The numerical solution of problems with singularities presents special difficulties for most methods. Adjustments to standard methods are typically made for only a special type of singularity, usually known a priori. The family of sinc numerical methods is natually suited for general singular problems. Here, the methods are extended and applied to two-dimensional, elliptic first-order systems of mixed boundary value problems with singularities of the form x(alpha). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hohn, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 64-246, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhhohn@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2006 VL 23 BP 88 EP 104 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 122PE UT WOS:000243238100007 ER PT J AU Joubert, W Cullum, J AF Joubert, Wayne Cullum, Jane TI Scalable algebraic multigrid on 3500 processors SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid; AMG; parallel computing; simulations; scalable; linear solvers; parallel coarsening AB A parallel algebraic multigrid linear solver method is presented which is scalable to thousands of processors on significant classes of two- and three-dimensional problems. The algorithm is entirely algebraic and does not require prior information on the physical problem. Scalability is achieved through the use of an innovative parallel coarsening technique in addition to aggressive coarsening and multipass interpolation techniques. Details of this algorithm are presented together with numerical results on up to several thousand processors. C1 Xiylon Software, Gable, SC 29051 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CCS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Joubert, W (reprint author), Xiylon Software, POB 74, Gable, SC 29051 USA. EM wayne@xiylon.com; cullumj@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2006 VL 23 BP 105 EP 128 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 122PE UT WOS:000243238100008 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Lehoucq, RB AF Bochev, PB Lehoucq, RB TI Regularization and stabilization of discrete saddle-point variational problems SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE constrained minimization; saddle point systems; mixed finite elements; regularization; stabilization; penalty; Stokes problem; Darcy flow problem ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; STOKES PROBLEM; VISCOUS FLOWS; FORMULATION; PROJECTIONS; ELASTICITY AB Our paper considers parameterized families of saddle-point systems arising in the finite element solution of PDEs. Such saddle point systems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Our motivation is to explain how these saddle-point systems can be modified to avoid onerous stability conditions and to obtain linear systems that are amenable to iterative methods of solution. In particular, the algebraic and variational perspectives of regularization and stabilization are explained. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; rblehou@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2006 VL 22 BP 97 EP 113 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 037LC UT WOS:000237147300006 ER PT J AU Pinar, A Chow, E Pothen, A AF Pinar, A Chow, E Pothen, A TI Combinatorial algorithms for computing column space bases that have sparse inverses SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE sparse column space basis; sparse null space basis; block angular matrix; block diagonal matrix; matching; hypergraph partitioning; inverse of a basis ID NULL SPACE; FORCE METHOD; NULLSPACE; MATRICES AB This paper presents a new combinatorial approach towards constructing a sparse, implicit basis for the null space of a sparse, under-determined matrix . Our approach is to compute a column space basis of A that has a sparse inverse, which could be used to represent a null space basis in implicit form. We investigate three different algorithms for computing column space bases: two greedy algorithms implemented using graph matchings, and a third, which employs a divide and conquer strategy implemented with hypergraph partitioning followed by a matching. Our results show that for many matrices from linear programming, structural analysis, and circuit simulation, it is possible to compute column space bases having sparse inverses, contrary to conventional wisdom. The hypergraph partitioning method yields sparser basis inverses and has low computational time requirements, relative to the greedy approaches. We also discuss the complexity of selecting a column space basis when it is known that such a basis exists in block diagonal form with a given small block size. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94568 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Pinar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apinar@lbl.gov; etchow@gmail.com; pothen@cs.odu.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2006 VL 22 BP 122 EP 145 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 037LC UT WOS:000237147300008 ER PT J AU Siefert, C de Sturler, E AF Siefert, C de Sturler, E TI Probing methods for saddle-point problems SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE saddle-point systems; constraint preconditioners; Krylov methods; Schur complements; probing ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; PRECONDITIONERS; APPROXIMATION; SYSTEMS AB Several Schur complement-based preconditioners have been proposed for solving ( generalized) saddle-point problems. We consider matrices where the Schur complement has rapid decay over some graph known a priori. This occurs for many matrices arising from the discretization of systems of partial differential equations, and this graph is then related to the mesh. We propose the use of probing methods to approximate these Schur complements in preconditioners for saddle-point problems. We demonstrate these techniques for the block-diagonal and constraint preconditioners proposed by [ Murphy, Golub and Wathen '00], [ de Sturler and Liesen '04] and [Siefert and de Sturler '05]. However, these techniques are applicable to many other preconditioners as well. We discuss the implementation of probing methods, and we consider the application of those approximations in preconditioners for Navier-Stokes problems and metal deformation problems. Finally, we study eigenvalue clustering for the preconditioned matrices, and we present convergence and timing results for various problem sizes. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed preconditioners with probing-based approximate Schur complements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Siefert, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1110,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM csiefer@sandia.gov; sturler@vt.edu RI Siefert, Christopher/A-2755-2008; de Sturler, Eric/C-5014-2008 OI de Sturler, Eric/0000-0002-9412-9360 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2006 VL 22 BP 163 EP 183 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 037LC UT WOS:000237147300010 ER PT S AU Nellist, PD Chisholm, MF Lupini, AR Borisevich, A Sides, WH Pennycook, SJ Dellby, N Keyse, R Krivanek, OL Murfitt, MF Szilagyi, ZS AF Nellist, P. D. Chisholm, M. F. Lupini, A. R. Borisevich, A. Sides, W. H., Jr. Pennycook, S. J. Dellby, N. Keyse, R. Krivanek, O. L. Murfitt, M. F. Szilagyi, Z. S. BE Brown, PD Baker, R Hamilton, B TI Aberration-corrected STEM: current performance and future directions SO EMAG-NANO 2005: IMAGING, ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION ON THE NANOSCALE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMAG/NANO Conference on Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Nanoscale Phys & Technol Grp HO Univ Leeds AB Through the correction of spherical aberration in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), the resolving of a 78 pm atomic column spacing has been demonstrated along with information transfer to 61 pm. The achievement of this resolution required careful control of microscope instabilities, parasitic aberrations and the compensation of uncorrected, higher order aberrations. Many of these issues are improved in a next generation STEM fitted with a new design of aberration corrector, and an initial result demonstrating aberration correction to a convergence semi-angle of 40 mrad is shown. The improved spatial resolution and beam convergence allowed for by such correction has implications for the way in which experiments are performed and how STEM data should be interpreted. C1 [Nellist, P. D.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Chisholm, M. F.; Lupini, A. R.; Borisevich, A.; Sides, W. H., Jr.; Pennycook, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dellby, N.; Keyse, R.; Krivanek, O. L.; Szilagyi, Z. S.] Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Nellist, PD (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM Peter.Nellist@tcd.ie RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the following for this work: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UTBattelle LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725, appointments to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Program and Higher Education Research Experience Program administered jointly by ORNL and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; and Prof J Silcox of Cornell University. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 26 BP 7 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/002 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEM04 UT WOS:000238090200002 ER PT S AU Cosgriff, EC Oxley, MP Allen, LJ Pennycook, SJ AF Cosgriff, E. C. Oxley, M. P. Allen, L. J. Pennycook, S. J. BE Brown, PD Baker, R Hamilton, B TI The spatial resolution of core-loss imaging in the STEM SO EMAG-NANO 2005: IMAGING, ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION ON THE NANOSCALE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMAG/NANO Conference on Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Nanoscale Phys & Technol Grp HO Univ Leeds ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS AB We have investigated the resolution of scanning transmission electron microscope images for single, isolated atoms. The images are simulated from first principles using a nonlocal model for electron core-loss spectroscopy. We have examined the role of the width of the probe in determining the localisation. of the images. C1 [Cosgriff, E. C.; Oxley, M. P.; Allen, L. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Pennycook, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cosgriff, EC (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM cosgrife@tcd.ie FU Australian Research Council; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL; US Department of Energy [DE-A C05-00OR22725] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with Scott Findlay. M P Oxley and L J Allen acknowledge support by the Australian Research Council. S J Pennycook acknowledges support by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL, managed by UTBattelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-A C05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 26 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/003 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEM04 UT WOS:000238090200003 ER PT S AU Browning, ND Arslan, I Erni, R Idrobo, JC Ziegler, A Bradley, J Dai, Z Stach, EA Bleloch, A AF Browning, N. D. Arslan, I. Erni, R. Idrobo, J. C. Ziegler, A. Bradley, J. Dai, Z. Stach, E. A. Bleloch, A. BE Brown, PD Baker, R Hamilton, B TI Monochromators and aberration correctors: Taking EELS to new levels of energy and spatial resolution SO EMAG-NANO 2005: IMAGING, ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION ON THE NANOSCALE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMAG/NANO Conference on Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Nanoscale Phys & Technol Grp HO Univ Leeds ID LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES AB The development of monochromators and aberration correctors for transmission electron microscopes (TEM) has paved the way for a level of imaging and analysis that is unmatched by other methods. While current instrumentation does not permit the optimum spatial resolution of the microscope to be coupled with this high energy resolution, detailed spectroscopic analyses can be performed with similar to 1nm spatial resolution. Combined with similar to 0.1 eV energy resolution this is particularly useful for the analysis of the low-loss region of the spectrum, permitting quantum confinement effects and optical responses of individual nanostructures to be measured. Higher spatial resolution can be obtained from aberration corrected STEM, where spectral resolution of -0.4eV can be coupled with a spatial resolution of < 0.1 nm. Such resolution is particularly useful for analyzing core-loss signals at defects and interfaces, where localized. structural and compositional modulations are expected to have a large effect on the structure-property relationships. Results from aberration corrected and monochromated systems will be presented to highlight the application of EELS to the study of Si3N4, GaN and extraterrestrial particles. C1 [Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, MS 72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Browning, N. D.; Erni, R.; Idrobo, J. C.; Ziegler, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Arslan, I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Ziegler, A.; Bradley, J.; Dai, Z.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stach, E. A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bleloch, A.] UK SuperSTEM, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, MS 72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbrowning@ucdavis.edu RI Bleloch, Andrew/A-1350-2009; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-03ER46057] FX Aspects of this work were performed in collaboration with C. F. Kisielowski, R. O. Ritchie and M. K. Cinibulk. Work performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and by grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46057. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 26 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/014 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEM04 UT WOS:000238090200014 ER PT S AU Bentley, J Gilliss, SR Carter, CB Al-Sharab, JF Cosandey, F Anderson, IM Kotula, PJ AF Bentley, J. Gilliss, S. R. Carter, C. B. Al-Sharab, J. F. Cosandey, F. Anderson, I. M. Kotula, P. J. BE Brown, PD Baker, R Hamilton, B TI Nanoscale EELS analysis of oxides: composition mapping, valence determination and beam damage SO EMAG-NANO 2005: Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMAG/NANO Conference on Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Nanoscale Phys & Technol Grp HO Univ Leeds ID SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES AB Beam damage to ceria abrasive particles during EELS measurements with -1 nm probes of similar to 1 nA was negligible for typical analysis times (1-5 s). Ce3+ and tri-valent impurities reduce near-surface regions. Ce valence was measured from Ce M-5/M-4 white line ratios. By defocusing a 1 nA probe to similar to 5 nm, beam damage to nanoscale MgAl2O4 spinel was sufficiently slowed to allow spectrum imaging measurements of composition variations. Recording spectrum lines in TEM mode can be attractive when dose-rate rather than dose is the limiting factor in beam damage. Multivariate statistical analysis of data from a CoO-Co3O4 interface has revealed an additional interface-related component. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bentley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 26 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEM04 UT WOS:000238090200016 ER PT S AU Edgcombe, CJ de Jonge, N AF Edgcombe, C. J. de Jonge, N. BE Brown, PD Baker, R Hamilton, B TI Preparation of a carbon nanotube field emitter and deduction of its properties from the Fowler-Nordheim plot SO EMAG-NANO 2005: IMAGING, ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION ON THE NANOSCALE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMAG/NANO Conference on Imaging, Analysis and Fabrication on the Nanoscale CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Leeds, Leeds, ENGLAND SP Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Nanoscale Phys & Technol Grp HO Univ Leeds AB We describe the preparation of a carbon nanotube for field emission measurements, and deductions from its measured current-voltage characteristic. The slope of the FowlerNordheirn (F-N) plot is not constant but increases slightly in magnitude as the anode-cathode voltage V-a is reduced. By modifying F-N theory for emission from a hemispherical surface, and using the rate of change of slope, it is possible to deduce the radius of curvature of the emitting region, surface field, effective solid angle of emission and an electron supply factor, more precisely than is feasible using planar theory. C1 [Edgcombe, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [de Jonge, N.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Edgcombe, CJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM cje1@cam.ac.uk NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 26 BP 315 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/26/1/076 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEM04 UT WOS:000238090200076 ER PT S AU Allain, JP Nieto, M Hassanein, A Titov, V Plotkin, P Hendricks, M Hinson, E Chrobak, C van der Velden, MHL Rice, B AF Allain, J. P. Nieto, M. Hassanein, A. Titov, V. Plotkin, P. Hendricks, M. Hinson, E. Chrobak, C. van der Velden, M. H. L. Rice, B. BE Lercel, MJ TI Effect of charged-particle bombardment on collector mirror reflectivity in EUV lithography devices - art. no. 615131 SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies X CY FEB 21-23, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE threshold sputtering; EUV reflectivity; Sri implantation; Sri deposition; EUV collector optics; ion scattering spectroscopy AB EUV metallic light radiators such as Sri or Li used for lithography will limit the lifetime of collector optics in source devices by both contamination and irradiation. Generation of EUV light requires the use of hot, dense plasma. Pinch dynamics generates fast ions and atoms, such as metallic sources (Sri. Li) with energies ranging from 100 eV up to several keV. The expanding Sri plasma will thermalize and condense in nearby components, including the debris shield and collector optics. The incident distribution of debris onto the collector optics will likely include Sri fast ions. Sri contamination will lead to two different mechanisms. One is condensation and Sri thin-film buildup on the reflective optics surface (i.e., Ru or Pd mirror) from the thermalized Sri plasma. This mechanism will lead to performance failure after about 1-2 nm build up of Sri thin film whereby the at-wavelength EUV reflectivity will decrease 20% in magnitude for grazing incident angles less than 20-degrees. The second mechanism is more complex. Fast Sri ions generated at the pinch will reach the collector optics and induce mixing, sputtering. and implant at depths between 3 and 5 monolayers on the Ru or Pd surface. EUV light can also induce ionization in background Ar or He gas used for debris mitigation. Low-energy Ar or He ions therefore impinge on the collector mirror surface at threshold-level energies between 40 and 100 eV. A steady-state Sri surface concentration will be attained after a given fluence of both Sri debris and low-energy Ar ions. The amount of Sri implanted or deposited will affect EUV reflectivity as a function of ion and/or atom fluence. Sri contamination mechanisms, as well as threshold-level sputtering from inert ion species, are studied in the IMPACT (Interaction of Materials with charged Particles and Components Testing) experiment. Sri exposure conditions include incident singly charged particles between 500 and 1000 eV, oblique incidence and incident fluxes ranging from 10(11) to 10(14) ions/cm(2)/s. In-situ surface metrology includes sputter yield diagnosis. Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, direct recoil spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy, and at-wavelength EUV reflectivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Nieto-Perez, Martin/0000-0001-6600-9786; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6194-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6151 BP 15131 EP 15131 AR 615131 DI 10.1117/12.656652 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEN16 UT WOS:000238249800091 ER PT S AU La Fontaine, B Pawloski, AR Wood, O Deng, YF Levinson, HJ Naulleau, P Denham, PE Gullikson, E Hoef, B Holfeld, C Chovino, C Letzkus, F AF La Fontaine, Bruno Pawloski, Adam R. Wood, Obert Deng, Yunfei Levinson, Harry J. Naulleau, Patrick Denham, Paul E. Gullikson, Eric Hoef, Brian Holfeld, Christian Chovino, Christian Letzkus, Florian BE Lercel, MJ TI Demonstration of phase-shift masks for extreme-ultraviolet lithography - art. no. 61510A SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies X, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies X CY FEB 21-23, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE EUV lithography; phase-shift masks; actinic characterization AB We report on a method to produce any type of phase-shift masks for EUV lithography. We have successfully fabricated an unattenuated phase-shift mask consisting of phase patterns and confirmed the expected performance of such a mask through resist printing at lambda=13.3 nm. Finally actinic metrology reveals that these etched-multi layer masks, left without a capping layer, tend to degrade over time. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP La Fontaine, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Deng, Yunfei/E-3184-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6194-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6151 BP A1510 EP A1510 AR 61510A DI 10.1117/12.652212 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEN16 UT WOS:000238249800009 ER PT J AU Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Selkowitz, SE AF Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Selkowitz, SE TI Daylighting control performance of a thin-film ceramic electrochromic window: Field study results SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE building energy-efficiency; electrochromic windows; daylighting; control systems AB Control system development and lighting energy monitoring of ceramic thin-film electrochromic (EC) windows were initiated at the new full-scale window systems testbed facility at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in Berkeley, CA. The new facility consists of three identically configured side-by-side private offices with large-area windows that face due south. In one room, an array of EC windows with a center-of-glass visible transmittance T-v range of 0.05-0.60 was installed. In the two other rooms, unshaded windows with a T-v = 0.50 or 0.15 were used as reference. The same dimmable fluorescent lighting system was used in all three rooms. This study explains the design and commissioning of an integrated EC window-lighting control system, and then illustrates its performance in the testbed under clear, partly cloudy, and overcast sky conditions during the equinox period. The performance of an early prototype EC window controller is also analyzed. Lighting energy savings data are presented. Daily lighting energy savings were 44-59% compared to the reference window of T-v = 0.15 and 8-23% compared to the reference window of T-v = 0.50. The integrated window-lighting control system maintained interior illuminance levels to within +/- 10% of the setpoint range of 510-700 1x for 89-99% of the day. Further work is planned to refine the control algorithms and monitor cooling load, visual comfort, and human factor impacts of this emerging technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Mailstop 90-3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eslee@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.02.009 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 982BH UT WOS:000233131300005 ER PT S AU Gaines, L Vyas, A Anderson, JL AF Gaines, Linda Vyas, Anant Anderson, John L. GP TRB TI Estimation of fuel use by idling commercial trucks SO Energy and Environmental Concerns 2006: Including 2006 Thomas B. Deen Distinguished Lecture SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB This paper uses the recently published 2002 Vehicle Inventory and Use survey to determine the number of commercial trucks in the categories that are most likely to idle for periods of more than 0.5 h at a time. On the basis of estimated numbers of hours for both overnight idling by sleepers and long-duration idling by all size classes during their workdays, the total fuel use by idling trucks is estimated to be more than 2 billion gallons per year. Workday idling is determined to be a potentially much larger energy user than overnight idling, but data are required before any definitive conclusions can be reached. Existing technologies can reduce overnight idling, but development may be needed to reduce workday idling. C1 Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaines, L (reprint author), Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 978-0-309-09993-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1983 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFZ74 UT WOS:000245669800012 ER PT S AU Greene, DL Goeltz, R Hopson, J Tworek, E AF Greene, David L. Goeltz, Rick Hopson, Janet Tworek, Elzbleta GP TRB TI Analysis of in-use fuel economy shortfall by means of voluntarily reported fuel economy estimates SO Energy and Environmental Concerns 2006: Including 2006 Thomas B. Deen Distinguished Lecture SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB The usefulness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) passenger car and light truck fuel economy estimates has been the subject of debate for the past three decades. For the labels on new vehicles and the fuel economy information given to the public, the EPA adjusts dynamometer test results downward by 10 % for the city cycle and 22 % for the highway cycle to better reflect real world driving conditions. These adjustment factors were developed in 1984 and their continued validity has repeatedly been questioned. In March 2005, the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA's fuel economy information website, www.fueleconomy.gov, began allowing users to voluntarily share fuel economy estimates. This paper presents an initial statistical analysis of more than 3,000 estimates submitted by website users. The analysis suggests two potentially important results: (a) adjusted, combined EPA fuel economy estimates appear to be approximately unbiased estimators of the average fuel economy consumers will experience in actual driving, and (b) the EPA estimates are highly imprecise predictors of any given individual's in-use fuel economy, an approximate 95 % confidence interval being +/- 7 mpg. These results imply that what is needed is not less biased adjustment factors for the EPA estimates but rather more precise methods of predicting the fuel economy individual consumers will achieve in their own driving. C1 Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, E Tworek G LLC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, E Tworek G LLC, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 978-0-309-09993-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1983 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFZ74 UT WOS:000245669800013 ER PT S AU Mintz, M Gillette, J Elgowainy, A Paster, M Ringer, M Brown, D Li, J AF Mintz, Marianne Gillette, Jerry Elgowainy, Amgad Paster, Mark Ringer, Matthew Brown, Daryl Li, James GP TRB TI Hydrogen delivery scenario analysis model for hydrogen distribution options SO Energy and Environmental Concerns 2006: Including 2006 Thomas B. Deen Distinguished Lecture SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB As with the distribution of any commodity, distribution of hydrogen depends on how the hydrogen is packaged, how far it must travel, and how much must be delivered. Few would argue that transporting a high-pressure gas is markedly different from transporting a cryogenic liquid-or even a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Packaging affects not only density (weight/volume) but also the operation of potential delivery modes and onboard storage, a problem that has been called the grand challenge of the hydrogen economy. These three factors-packaging (which in turn affects shipment size and modal attributes), delivery distance, and demand-affect both the structure of potential delivery systems and their contribution to unit costs. This paper describes the hydrogen delivery scenario analysis model, a generalized model of hydrogen delivery that can be used to analyze the economic feasibility of various options for hydrogen distribution to markets of different sizes and types. Inputs may be user defined, or default values developed for the U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen Analysis project may be used. This paper describes the model's structure and capabilities, presents initial results, and discusses ongoing enhancements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. US DOE, Off Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technologie, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Browns Mills, NJ USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Gillette, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 978-0-309-09993-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1983 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFZ74 UT WOS:000245669800015 ER PT S AU Lelby, PN Greene, DL Bowman, D Tworek, E AF Lelby, Paul N. Greene, David L. Bowman, David Tworek, Elzbieta GP TRB TI Systems analysis of hydrogen transition with HyTrans SO Energy and Environmental Concerns 2006: Including 2006 Thomas B. Deen Distinguished Lecture SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB The U.S. government is carefully considering the merits and the long-term prospects of hydrogen-fueled vehicles. The National Academy of Sciences has called for the careful application of systems analysis tools to structure the complex assessment required. Others, raising cautionary notes, question whether a consistent and plausible transition to hydrogen light-duty vehicles can be identified and whether that transition would, on balance, be environmentally preferred. Modeling the market transition to hydrogen-powered vehicles is an inherently complex process encompassing hydrogen production, delivery and retailing, vehicle manufacturing, and vehicle choice and use. This paper describes the integration of key technological and market factors in a dynamic transition model, HyTrans. The usefulness of HyTrans and its predictions depends on three key factors: the validity of the economic theories that underpin the model, the authenticity with which the key processes are represented, and the accuracy of specific parameter values used in the process representations. The paper summarizes the theoretical basis of HyTrans and, with sensitivity analysis, highlights the implications of key parameter specifications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. E Tworek Strata G LLC, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Lelby, PN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 978-0-309-09993-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1983 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BFZ74 UT WOS:000245669800017 ER PT J AU Kidder, MK Britt, PF Buchanan, AC AF Kidder, MK Britt, PF Buchanan, AC TI Pyrolysis of benzyl phenyl ether confined in mesoporous silica SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MASS-TRANSPORT; HYDROGEN-TRANSFER; MODEL COMPOUNDS; DIFFUSIONAL CONSTRAINTS; COAL HYDROLIQUEFACTION; HYBRID MATERIALS; SINGLE-SITE; SURFACE; CATALYSTS; THERMOLYSIS AB Benzyl phenyl ether (PhOCH2Ph, BPE), a model for related structural features in lignin and low-rank coal, has been immobilized in MCM-41 hexagonal mesoporous silicas having pore diameters of 2.7, 2.2, and 1.7 nm. Pyrolysis studies conducted at 275 degrees C have revealed that the free-radical reaction pathways previously observed on nonporous Cabosil silica remain operative in the MCM-41 silicas. The BPE pyrolysis rate is slightly slower (ca. 2- fold) in these nanoporous solids than on Cabosil, which is correlated with a corresponding decrease in the rate of radical formation by homolysis of the weak O-C bond. Two rearrangement pathways dominate the chemistry and account for ca. 67 mol % of the products at all pore sizes studied, which is markedly increased compared with the corresponding Cabosil case (ca. 50 mol %). The first pathway is recombination of the incipient benzyl and phenoxyl radicals to form surface-immobilized benzylphenol isomers, 1. The second pathway involves an O-C phenyl shift in surface-attached PhOCH center dot Ph radicals leading to formation of surface-attached benzhydrol (4) and benzophenone (5) products. The selectivity between these two rearrangement pathways shows only a small dependence on pore size, and comparisons with new data obtained for BPE on Cabosil indicate that the density of grafted BPE molecules on the surface is the most important factor in determining this product selectivity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM buchananac@ornl.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1021/ef0502608 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 005JK UT WOS:000234818200009 ER PT J AU Romanov, VN Goodman, AL Larsen, JW AF Romanov, VN Goodman, AL Larsen, JW TI Errors in CO2 adsorption measurements caused by coal swelling SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR NETWORK STRUCTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE ADSORPTION; METHANE; DIFFUSION; ISOTHERMS; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; DRY; NITROGEN; SORPTION C1 Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 16802 USA. RP Larsen, JW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, 209 Acad Projects Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jwl15@psu.edu RI Romanov, Vyacheslav/C-6467-2008 OI Romanov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8850-3539 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 415 EP 416 DI 10.1021/ef050318i PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 005JK UT WOS:000234818200062 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Edmonds, J Lurz, J Smith, SJ Wise, M AF Kim, Son H. Edmonds, Jae Lurz, Josh Smith, Steven J. Wise, Marshall TI The (OECTS)-E-bj framework for integrated assessment: Hybrid modeling of transportation SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Technology is a central issue for the global climate change problem, requiring analysis tools that can examine the impact of specific technologies within a long-term, global context. This paper describes the architecture of the ObjECTS-MiniCAM integrated assessment model, which implements a long-term, global model of energy, economy, agriculture, land-use, atmosphere, and climate change in a framework that allows the flexible incorporation of explicit technology detail. We describe the implementation of a "bottom-up" representation of the transportation sector as an illustration of this approach, in which the resulting hybrid model is fully integrated, internally consistent and theoretically compatible with the regional and global modeling framework. The analysis of the transportation sector presented here supports and clarifies the need for a comprehensive strategy promoting advanced vehicle technologies and. an economy-wide carbon policy to cost-effectively reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector in the long-term. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 24 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 17 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 2 BP 63 EP 91 PG 29 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WL UT WOS:000245467000005 ER PT J AU Sathaye, J Makundi, W Dale, L Chan, P Andrasko, K AF Sathaye, Jayant Makundi, Willy Dale, Larry Chan, Peter Andrasko, Kenneth TI GHG mitigation potential, costs and benefits in global forests: A dynamic partial equilibrium approach SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; LAND-USE; CARBON; MODEL; DEFORESTATION; OPTIONS AB This paper reports on the global potential for carbon sequestration inforest plantations, and the reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation, in response to six carbon price scenarios from 2000 to 2100. These carbon price scenarios cover a range typically seen in global integrated assessment models. The world forest sector was disaggregated into ten regions, four largely temperate, developed regions: the European Union, Oceania, Russia, and the United States; and six developing, mostly tropical, regions: Africa, Central America, China, India, Rest of Asia, and South America. Three mitigation options-long- and short-rotation forestry, and the reduction of deforestation-were analyzed using a global dynamic partial equilibrium model (GCOMAP). Key findings of this work are that cumulative carbon gain ranges from 50.9 to 113.2 Gt C by 2100, higher carbon prices early lead to earlier carbon gain and vice versa, and avoided deforestation accounts for 51 to 78% of modeled carbon gains by 2100. The estimated present value of cumulative welfare change in the sector ranges from a decline of $158 billion to a gain of $81 billion by 2100. The decline is associated with a decrease in deforestation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Sathaye, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JASathaye@lbl.gov NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 127 EP 162 PG 36 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100008 ER PT J AU Laitner, JAS Hanson, DA AF Laitner, John A. Skip Hanson, Donald A. TI Modeling detailed energy-efficiency technologies and technology policies within a CGE framework SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Policy makers and analysts are raising questions about the adequacy of policy and technology representation in conventional energy and economic models. Most conventional models rely on a highly stylized and limited characterization of technology. In these models, any desired changes in energy demand are driven largely by pure price mechanisms such as energy taxes or carbon charges. In this paper, however, we explore the mapping of discrete technology characterizations and examine how cost-effective technologies and programs might prompt desirable increases in energy efficiency. Using the commercial health care sector as an example, we show how changes in energy efficiency and technology investments might be more properly represented in policy models. C1 Amer Council Energy Efficient Econ, Washington, DC USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amer Council Energy Efficient Econ, Washington, DC USA. EM jslaitner@aceee.org; dhanson@anl.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 2 BP 151 EP 169 PG 19 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WL UT WOS:000245467000009 ER PT J AU Fawcett, AA Sands, RD AF Fawcett, Allen A. Sands, Ronald D. TI Non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the second generation model SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Second Generation Model (SGM) was developed to analyze policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper documents how greenhouse gas emissions are calculated in the SGM, and provides an application to several Energy Modeling Forum scenarios that stabilize radiative forcing by using policies that either exclusively limit CO2 emissions or include both CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases. Additionally, this paper discusses an extension which includes advanced fossil generating technologies with CO2 capture and storage in the USA region of the SGM. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Fawcett, AA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100016 ER PT J AU Hanson, DA Laitner, JA AF Hanson, Donald A. Laitner, John A. Skip TI Technology policy and world greenhouse gas emissions in the AMIGA Modeling System SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB In this paper we examine the interaction between technology policy and its impact on the full basket of worldwide greenhouse emissions over the 21(st) century. The heart of the analysis is the Argonne National Laboratory's AMIGA Modeling System, a technology rich, general equilibrium model that (depending on data availability) characterizes as many as 200 sectors of the regional economies. We suggest in this paper that technologies and technology policies exist which could reduce carbon emissions enough to achieve stabilization targets at relatively modest costs given the size of the world economy. This can be accomplished largely through harnessing market forces and creating incentives with the use of efficient prices on greenhouse gas emissions, combined with complementary programs and policies to reduce market failures and to promote new technology improvements and investments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Amer Council Energy Efficient Econ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Hanson, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dhanson@anl.gov; jslaitner@aceee.org NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 355 EP 371 PG 17 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100019 ER PT J AU Mills, E Kromer, S Weiss, G Mathew, PA AF Mills, E Kromer, S Weiss, G Mathew, PA TI From volatility to value: analysing and managing financial and performance risk in energy savings projects SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency CY JUN 02-07, 2003 CL St Raphael, FRANCE SP ECEEE DE energy efficiency; risk management; finance ID INSURANCE AB Many energy-related investments are made without a clear financial understanding of their values, risks, and volatilities. In the face of this uncertainty, the investor-such as a building owner or an energy service company-will often choose to implement only the most certain and thus limited energy-efficiency measures. Conversely, commodities traders and other sophisticated investors accustomed to evaluating investments on a value, risk, and volatility basis often overlook energy-efficiency investments because risk and volatility information are not provided. Fortunately, energy-efficiency investments easily lend themselves to such analysis using tools similar to those applied to supply side risk management. Accurate and robust analysis demands a high level of understanding of the physical aspects of energy-efficiency, which enables the translation of physical performance data into the language of investment. With a risk management analysis framework in place, the two groups-energy-efficiency experts and investment decision-makers-can exchange the information they need to expand investment in demand-side energy projects. In this article, we first present the case for financial risk analysis in energy efficiency in the buildings sector. We then describe techniques and examples of how to identify, quantify, and manage risk. Finally, we describe emerging market-based opportunities in risk management for energy efficiency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Teton Energy Partners, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. Teton Energy Partners, Wilson, WY 83014 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Mills, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emills@lbl.gov; skromer@tetonenergy.com; gweiss@tetonenergy.com; pamathew@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.042 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969UQ UT WOS:000232260900006 ER PT J AU Somerday, BP Wiggans, KT Bradshaw, RW AF Somerday, BP Wiggans, KT Bradshaw, RW TI Environment-assisted failure of alloy C-276 burst disks in a batch supercritical water oxidation reactor SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE corrosion; environmentally assisted cracking; supercritical water oxidation; alloy C-276; burst-disk ID NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS; CORROSION AB The objective of this work was to identify the conditions and mechanisms for failure of burst disks employed in a batch supercritical water oxidation (BSCWO) reactor and to recommend solutions for avoiding burst-disk failure. Two alloy C-276 burst disks failed prematurely during successive operations of a BSCWO reactor designed to destroy simulated chemical munitions. Analysis of temperature data from the two operations led to a hypothesis where an aggressive subcritical environment developed in the burst-disk housing, while the environment in the reactor interior was in the supercritical state. The hypothesis that a detrimental local environment developed in the burst-disk housing was tested by conducting experiments in bench-scale reactors. Results from the bench-scale experiments confirmed that burst disks failed when a local environment formed in the burst-disk housing in a temperature range from 300 to 330 degrees C. These temperatures caused supercritical water from the reactor interior to condense on the burst disk, and hydrochloric acid vapor formed from the oxidation of chlorinated hydrocarbons then dissolved in the elevated-temperature subcritical water. Electron microscopy analysis revealed evidence of an environment-assisted failure with extensive secondary cracking near the main fracture-surface. The microscopy evidence was consistent with a scenario where acidic chlorinated solution promoted dealloying of Ni and Fe and cracking of the burst-disk. The cracking was severe enough to reduce the cross-sectional area of the burst disk so that failure occurred at pressures well below the rated pressure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Somerday, BP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bpsomer@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 80 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.10.017 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 980DV UT WOS:000232995100008 ER PT J AU Edwards, HC AF Edwards, H. Carter TI Managing complexity in massively parallel, adaptive, multiphysics applications SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE frameworks; parallel processing; multiphysics; adaptivity; data structures AB A new generation of scientific and engineering applications are being developed to support multiple coupled physics, adaptive meshes, and scaling in massively parallel environments. The capabilities required to support multiphysics, adaptivity, and massively parallel execution are individually complex and are especially challenging to integrate within a single application. Sandia National Laboratories has managed this challenge by consolidating these complex physics-independent capabilities into the Sierra Framework which is shared among a diverse set of application codes. The success of the Sierra Framework has been predicated on managing the integration of complex capabilities through a conceptual model based upon formal mathematical abstractions. Set theory is used to express and analyze the data structures, operations, and interactions of these complex capabilities. This mathematically based, conceptual modeling approach to managing complexity is not specific to the Sierra Framework-it is generally applicable to any scientific and engineering application framework. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edwards, HC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0382, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hcedwar@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 135 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s00366-006-0032-z PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 124KA UT WOS:000243365500002 ER PT J AU Hornung, RD Wissink, AM Kohn, SR AF Hornung, Richard D. Wissink, Andrew M. Kohn, Scott R. TI Managing complex data and geometry in parallel structured AMR applications SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive mesh refinement; parallel computing; complex geometry ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is an increasingly important simulation methodology for many science and engineering problems. AMR has the potential to generate highly resolved simulations efficiently by dynamically refining the computational mesh near key numerical solution features. AMR requires more complex numerical algorithms and programming than uniform fixed mesh approaches. Software libraries that provide general AMR functionality can ease these burdens significantly. A major challenge for library developers is to achieve adequate flexibility to meet diverse and evolving application requirements. In this paper, we describe the design of software abstractions for general AMR data management and parallel communication operations in SAMRAI, an object-oriented C++ structured AMR (SAMR) library developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The SAMRAI infrastructure provides the foundation for a variety of diverse application codes at LLNL and elsewhere. We illustrate SAMRAI functionality by describing how its unique features are used in these codes which employ complex data structures and geometry. We highlight capabilities for moving and deforming meshes, coupling multiple SAMR mesh hierarchies, and immersed and embedded boundary methods for modeling complex geometrical features. We also describe how irregular data structures, such as particles and internal mesh boundaries, may be implemented using SAMRAI tools without excessive application programmer effort. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hornung, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hornung@llnl.gov; awissink@llnl.gov; skohn@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00366-006-0038-6 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 124KA UT WOS:000243365500004 ER PT J AU Litynski, JT Klara, SM McIlvried, HG Srivastava, RD AF Litynski, JT Klara, SM McIlvried, HG Srivastava, RD TI The United States Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships program: A collaborative approach to carbon management SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide sequestration; geologic sequestration; terrestrial sequestration; regional partnership; carbon dioxide database ID DEEP AQUIFERS; CO2 DISPOSAL; TECHNOLOGY AB This paper reviews the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) concept, which is a first attempt to bring the U.S. Deparment of Energy's (DOE) carbon sequestration program activities into the "real world" by using a geographically-disposed-system type approach for the U.S. Each regional partnership is unique and covers a unique section of the U.S. and is tasked with determining how the research and development activities of DOE's carbon sequestration program can best be implemented in their region of the country. Although there is no universal agreement on the cause, it is generally understood that global warming is occurring, and many climate scientists believe that this is due, in part, to the buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This is evident from the finding presented in the National Academy of Science Report to the President on Climate Change which stated "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, ...". In the United States, emissions of CO2 originate mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production, transportation, and other industrial processes. Roughly one third of U.S. anthropogenic CO2 emissions come from power plants. Reduction of CO2 emissions through sequestration of carbon either in geologic formations or in terrestrial ecosystems can be part of the solution to the problem of global warming. However, a number of steps must be accomplished before sequestration can become a reality. Cost effective capture and separation technology must be developed, tested, and demonstrated; a database of potential sequestration sites must be established; and techniques must be developed to measure, monitor, and verify the sequestered CO2 Geographical differences in fossil fuel use, the industries present, and potential sequestration sinks across the United States dictate the use of a regional approach to address the sequestration of CO2. To accommodate these differences, the DOE has created a nationwide network of seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) to help determine and implement the carbon sequestration technologies, infrastructure, and regulations most appropriate to promote CO2 sequestration in different regions of the nation. These partnerships currently represent 40 states, three Indian Nations, four Canadian Provinces, and over 200 organizations, including academic institutions, research institutions, coal companies, utilities, equipment manufacturers, forestry and agricultural representatives, state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and national laboratories. These partnerships are dedicated to developing the necessary infrastructure and validating the carbon sequestration technologies that have emerged from DOE's core R&D and other programs to mitigate emissions of CO2, a potent greenhouse gas. The partnerships provide a critical link to DOE's plans for FutureGen, a highly efficient and technologically sophisticated coal-fired power plant that will produce both hydrogen and electricity with near-zero emissions. Though limited to the situation in the U.S., the paper describes for the international scientific community the approach being taken by the U.S. to prepare for carbon sequestration, should that become necessary. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NETL, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Litynski, JT (reprint author), NETL, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM john.litynski@netl.doe.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 128 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.047 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000PT UT WOS:000234475000015 PM 16054694 ER PT B AU Masse, WB Espenak, F AF Masse, W. Bruce Espenak, Fred BE Doyel, DE Dean, JS TI Sky as environment: Solar eclipses and Hohokam culture change SO Environmental Change and Human Adaptation in the Ancient American Southwest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Culture and Environment in the Ancient Southwest CY 1996 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Amer Archaeol C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV UTAH PRESS PI SALT LAKE CITY PA SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA BN 978-0-87480-853-7 PY 2006 BP 228 EP 280 PG 53 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGC47 UT WOS:000246020500013 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Icenhower, JP Owen, AT AF Wellman, Dawn M. Icenhower, Jonathan P. Owen, Antoinette T. TI Comparative analysis of soluble phosphate amendments for the remediation of heavy metal contaminants: Effect on sediment hydraulic conductivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; hydraulic conductivity; sediments; water treatment; XMT [X-ray microtomography] ID IN-SITU TREATMENT; HYDROXYAPATITE ADDITION; IMMOBILIZATION; PHYTATE AB A series of conventional, saturated column experiments have been conducted to evaluate the effect of utilizing in situ, soluble, phosphate amendments for subsurface metal remediation on sediment hydraulic conductivity. Experiments have been conducted under mildly alkaline and calcareous conditions representative of conditions commonly encountered at sites across the arid western United States, which have been used in weapons and fuel production and display significant subsurface contamination. Results indicate that the displacement of a single pore volume of either sodium monophosphate or phytic acid amendments causes approximately a 30% decrease in the hydraulic conductivity of the sediment. Long-chain polyphosphate amendments afford no measurable reduction in hydraulic conductivity. These results demonstrate ( 1) the efficacy of long-chain polyphosphate amendments for subsurface metal sequestration; and ( 2) the necessity of conducting dynamic experiments to evaluate the effects of subsurface remediation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1071/EN05023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 062BU UT WOS:000238920200009 ER PT J AU Schwantes, JM Batchelor, B AF Schwantes, JM Batchelor, B TI Simulated infinite-dilution leach test SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANS 16.1; solidification/stabilization; diffusivity; SIDR leach test; risk assessment ID WASTE; MODELS AB This paper introduces the Simulated Infinite Dilution Reactor (SIDR) Leaching Test as a replacement for conventional dynamic leaching tests based on ANS 16.1. Conventional leaching tests underestimate leaching rates for contaminants that are at low concentrations in the porewater of the waste by failing to maintain infinite dilution conditions in the leaching solution. To circumvent this problem, SIDR incorporates an ion exchange resin suspended in its leaching solution, which keeps contaminant concentrations at sufficiently low levels so that they do not affect the rate of leaching. Results from SIDR are consistent with theoretical expectations that predict that the cumulative amount of contaminant leached is linearly related with the square root of leaching time. Procedures based on ANS 16.1 underestimate D-obs by a factor of 20 for Pb and 60 for Cd compared to results obtained using the SIDR Leach Test. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Civil Engn Dept, College Stn, TX USA. RP Schwantes, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Chem Grp, C-INC,MS J-514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM JMSchwantes@lanl.gov RI Schwantes, Jon/A-7318-2009; OI Batchelor, Bill/0000-0002-9885-4535 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.23.4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002OK UT WOS:000234620600002 ER PT J AU Weber, KA Urrutia, MM Churchill, PF Kukkadapu, RK Roden, EE AF Weber, KA Urrutia, MM Churchill, PF Kukkadapu, RK Roden, EE TI Anaerobic redox cycling of iron by freshwater sediment microorganisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS 200; ORGANIC-CARBON OXIDATION; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; FERROUS IRON; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FERRIC IRON; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS AB The potential for microbially mediated anaerobic redox cycling of iron (Fe) was examined in a first-generation enrichment culture of freshwater wetland sediment microorganisms. Most probable number enumerations revealed the presence of significant populations of Fe(III)-reducing (approximately 10(8) cells ml(-1)) and Fe(II)-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing organisms (approximately 10(5) cells ml(-1)) in the freshwater sediment used to inoculate the enrichment cultures. Nitrate reduction commenced immediately following inoculation of acetate-containing (approximately 1 mM) medium with a small quantity (1% v/v) of wetland sediment, and resulted in the transient accumulation of NO2- and production of a mixture of gaseous end-products (N2O and N-2) and NH4+. Fe(III) oxide (high surface area goethite) reduction took place after NO3- was depleted and continued until all the acetate was utilized. Addition of NO3- after Fe(III) reduction ceased resulted in the immediate oxidation of Fe(II) coupled to reduction of NO3- to NH4+. No significant NO2- accumulation was observed during nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. No Fe(II) oxidation occurred in pasteurized controls. Microbial community structure in the enrichment was monitored by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA, as well as by construction of 16S rDNA clone libraries for four different time points during the experiment. Strong similarities in dominant members of the microbial community were observed in the Fe(III) reduction and nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation phases of the experiment, specifically the common presence of organisms closely related (>= 95% sequence similarity) to the genera Geobacter and Dechloromonas. These results indicate that the wetland sediments contained organisms such as Geobacter sp. which are capable of both dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction and oxidation of Fe(II) with reduction of NO3- to NH4+. Our findings suggest that microbially catalysed nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation has the potential to contribute to a dynamic anaerobic Fe redox cycle in freshwater sediments. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Roden, EE (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu NR 76 TC 138 Z9 151 U1 16 U2 109 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00873.x PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991IS UT WOS:000233807300011 PM 16343326 ER PT J AU Kovacik, WP Takai, K Mormile, MR McKinley, JP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK Holben, WE AF Kovacik, WP Takai, K Mormile, MR McKinley, JP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK Holben, WE TI Molecular analysis of deep subsurface Cretaceous rock indicates abundant Fe(III)- and S-o-reducing bacteria in a sulfate-rich environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PELOBACTER-CARBINOLICUS; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; DIVERSITY; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS AB A multilevel sampler (MLS) was emplaced in a borehole straddling anaerobic, sulfate-rich Cretaceous-era shale and sandstone rock formations similar to 200 m below ground surface at Cerro Negro, New Mexico. Sterile quartzite sand contained in chambers in the sampler allowed in situ colonization and recovery of nucleic acids for molecular analyses. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene cloning results indicated a homogeneously distributed bacterial community across the shale-sandstone interface. delta-Proteobacteria sequences were common at all depths, and were dominated by members of the Geobacteraceae family (Pelobacter, Desulphuromonas and Geobacter). Other members of this group are capable of dissimilatory Fe(III) and/or S degrees reduction, but not sulfate reduction. RNA hybridization data also suggested that Fe(III)-/S degrees-reducing bacteria were predominant. These findings are striking considering the lack of significant concentrations of these electron acceptors in this environment. The next most abundant bacterial group indicated was the sulfate reducers, including Desulfobacterium, Desulfocapsa and Desulfobulbus. Sequences related to fermenters, denitrifiers and acetogens were also recovered. The presence of a phylogenetically and functionally diverse microbial community in this deep subsurface environment likely reflects the complex nature of the primary energy and carbon sources, kerogen associated with the shale. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Microbial Ecol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Deep Sea Microorganisms Res Grp, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holben, WE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Microbial Ecol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bill.holben@mso.umt.edu NR 72 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00876.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991IS UT WOS:000233807300014 PM 16343329 ER PT J AU Burger, J Murray, S Gaines, KF Novak, JM Punshon, T Dixon, C Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Murray, S Gaines, KF Novak, JM Punshon, T Dixon, C Gochfeld, M TI Element levels in snakes in South Carolina: Differences between a control site and exposed site on the savannah river site SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioindicators; cottonmouth; elements; heavy metals; water snakes ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; FISH; RADIOCESIUM; RACCOONS; REPTILES; MERCURY; METALS AB Levels of 18 elements, including lead, mercury, selenium, and uranium, were examined in three species of snakes from an exposed and reference site on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We tested the hypotheses that there were no differences as a function of species, and there were no difference between the exposed and control site for blood and muscle (tail) samples for banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata), brown water snake (N. taxispilota) and cottonmouth (Akistrodon piscivorous). The banded water snakes collected were significantly smaller than the other two species. For blood, there were significant species differences only for barium, copper, selenium, uranium and zinc, while for muscle tissue there were significant interspecific differences in aluminum, arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, manganese, strontium, vanadium and zinc, suggesting that muscle tissue in the tail is a better indicator of potential interspecific differences. It is also easier logistically to collect tail tissue than blood. Where one species had significantly higher levels than the other species in muscle tissue levels, cottonmouth had higher levels of five elements (aluminum, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium), brown water snake had two (lead, strontium), and banded water snake had only barium. There were few significant differences between the control and reference site for levels of blood, but several for muscle tissue. All three species had significantly higher levels of arsenic and manganese at Tim's Branch than the reference site, and nickel and uranium were significantly higher for banded watersnake and cottonmouth, the larger species. Individuals with high exposure of one element were exposed to high levels of other elements. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 5022] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-0695-3 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001VT UT WOS:000234571500003 PM 16404533 ER PT J AU Klasmeier, J Matthies, M Macleod, M Fenner, K Scheringer, M Stroebe, M Le Gall, AC Mckone, T Van De Meent, D Wania, F AF Klasmeier, J Matthies, M Macleod, M Fenner, K Scheringer, M Stroebe, M Le Gall, AC Mckone, T Van De Meent, D Wania, F TI Application of multimedia models for screening assessment of long-range transport potential and overall persistence SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SPATIAL RANGE; REMOTE STATE; FATE AB We propose a multimedia model-based methodology to evaluate whether a chemical substance qualifies as POP-like based on overall persistence (Pot,) and potential for long-range transport (LRTP). It relies upon screening chemicals against the Pov and LRTP characteristics of selected reference chemicals with well-established environmental fates. Results indicate that chemicals of high and low concern in terms of persistence and long-range transport can be consistently identified by eight contemporary multimedia models using the proposed methodology. Model results for three hypothetical chemicals illustrate that the model-based classification of chemicals according to P,), and LRTP is not always consistent with the single-media half-life approach proposed by the UNEP Stockholm Convention and that the models provide additional insight into the likely long-term hazards associated with chemicals in the environment. We suggest this model-based classification method be adopted as a complement to screening against defined half-life criteria at the initial stages of tiered assessments designed to identify POP-like chemicals and to prioritize further environmental fate studies for new and existing chemicals. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Syst Res, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. INERIS, Modeling & Econ Anal Unit, Chron Risk Div, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RIVM Lab Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. RP Matthies, M (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Syst Res, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM matthies@usf.uni-osnabrueck.de RI van de Meent, Dik/C-3982-2011; Wania, Frank/J-2532-2012; MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI Wania, Frank/0000-0003-3836-0901; MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1021/es0512024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400016 PM 16433332 ER PT J AU Theodorakis, CW Lee, KL Adams, SM Law, CB AF Theodorakis, CW Lee, KL Adams, SM Law, CB TI Evidence of altered gene flow, mutation rate, and genetic diversity in redbreast sunfish from a pulp-mill-contaminated river SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; POLLUTION GRADIENT; DNA-DAMAGE; FISH; RAPD; ECOTOXICOLOGY; RESPONSES AB To determine effects of pulp mill effluent on population genetic structure, redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) were collected from several sites along the Pigeon River, NC, as well as from reference sites. Previous studies found effects on molecular, biochemical, physiological, population, and community level endpoints in these populations. The population genetic structure of these fish was determined using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The level of genetic diversity was higher in the Pigeon River populations than in the reference populations. Genetic distances among populations could not be explained by drainage patterns and may have been altered by contaminant exposure. Phylogeographic analysis, maximum likelihood analysis, and assignment tests suggested that there were fewer emigrants and more immigrants in the contaminated sites than in the reference sites, suggesting that the contaminated sites may harbor "sinklike" populations. Finally, a "terminal branch amplitype" analysis (neighbor-joining and minimum-spanning trees) and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that there may be an elevated mutation rate in the polluted sites. Thus, the genetic diversity (within and among populations) in the Pigeon River populations may have been affected by altered gene flow and mutational processes as a result of pulp mill effluent discharge. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Theodorakis, CW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, POB 1651, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. EM ctheodo@siue.edu NR 65 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1021/es052095g PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400059 PM 16433375 ER PT J AU Nico, PS Ruby, MV Lowney, YW Holm, SE AF Nico, PS Ruby, MV Lowney, YW Holm, SE TI Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic and chromium in chromated copper arsenate-treated wood and soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; HANDS; WATER; LEAD AB This research compares the As and Cr chemistry of dislodgeable residues from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood collected by two different techniques (directly from the board surface either by rubbing with a soft bristle brush or by rinsing from human hands after contact with CCA-treated wood) and demonstrates that these materials are equivalent in terms of both the chemical form and bonding of As and Cr and in terms of the As leaching behavior. This finding links the extensive chemical characterization and bioavailability testing that has been done previously on the brush-removed residue to a material that is derived from human skin contact with CCA-treated wood. Additionally, this research characterizes the arsenic present in biological fluids (sweat and simulated gastric fluid) following contact with these residues. The data demonstrate that in biological fluids the arsenic is present primarily as free arsenate ions. Arsenic-containing soils were also extracted into human sweat to evaluate the potential for arsenic dissolution from soils at the skin surface. For soils from field sites, only a small fraction of the total arsenic is soluble in sweat. Based on comparisons to reference materials that have been used for in vivo dermal absorption studies, these findings suggest that the actual relative bioavailability via dermal absorption of As from CCA residues and soil may be well below the current default value of 3% used by U.S. EPA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Chem, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. Exponent, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA 30035 USA. RP Nico, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psnico@lbl.gov RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1021/es050950q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999WJ UT WOS:000234421400062 PM 16433378 ER PT S AU Zaidi, MK Steinhausler, F Mustafaev, I Dunker, RE AF Zaidi, MK Steinhausler, F Mustafaev, I Dunker, RE BE Morel, B Linkov, I TI Outcome of NATO workshop on radiological risk in Central Asia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Risk Assessment in Environmental Security and Emergency Preparedness in the Mediterranean Region CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Elat, ISRAEL SP NATO, Isrotel ID TEST-SITE; KAZAKSTAN AB A North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advanced Research Workshop (NATO-ARW), "Radiation Safety Problems in the Caspian Region", was held in Baku, Azerbaijan in September 11-14, 2003. The objectives of this workshop were the exchange of information in the field of radiation safety and radioecology. Fifty-eight participants from twelve countries investigated hazards to regional populations from ionizing radiation. A major topic was the discussion of the investigations carried out in the Caspian Region. The main source of radioactivity in the Caspian Sea is due to global fallout, subsequent river run-off from catchments areas and the long-term oil-gas extraction. C1 RESL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Salzburg Univ, Div Phys & Biophys, Salzburg, Austria. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Radiat Problems, Baku, Azerbaijan. Idaho State Univ, Environm Monitoring Lab, Dept Phys Hlth Phys, Pocatello, ID USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3891-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2006 VL 5 BP 281 EP + PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; International Relations; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Water Resources GA BDW71 UT WOS:000235869500020 ER PT S AU Zaidi, MK Ganoulis, J AF Zaidi, MK Ganoulis, J BE Morel, B Linkov, I TI Cooperative network for Environmental Risk Analysis studies: The case of the Middle East region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Risk Assessment in Environmental Security and Emergency Preparedness in the Mediterranean Region CY APR 15-18, 2004 CL Elat, ISRAEL SP NATO, Isrotel AB The role of regional networks for applying Environmental Risk Analysis (ERA) in order to promote environmental and human security is analysed in this paper. These networks should take national and regional approaches and have a multidisciplinary view, and implement a financing strategy, a training policy for specialists and technicians according to specific needs and a social policy for informing and sensitising citizens, and encouraging policies of prevention. The case of a specific network to be developed in the Middle East is further discussed. C1 RESL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Civil Engn, Lab Hydraul, UNESCO Chair Water, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 1-4020-3891-7 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2006 VL 5 BP 315 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; International Relations; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Water Resources GA BDW71 UT WOS:000235869500024 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, K Wiltowski, T Mondal, K Rathinaswamy, V Breault, R AF Piotrowski, K Wiltowski, T Mondal, K Rathinaswamy, V Breault, R TI Kinetic studies on the CuO/gamma-Al2O3 sorbent regeneration by methane - Topochemical approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide catalyst; methane regeneration; topochemical reaction kinetics; desulfurization ID FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ALUMINA CATALYST; CLAUS CATALYSIS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SO2; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; SULFATION AB CuO impregnated gamma-Al2O3, support provides convenient adsorption and regeneration characteristics. These features give the potential to regard this chemisorption process as more effective, feasible and widely accepted than lime and limestone scrubbing in the removal of SO2 from the outlet gases. Thermogravimetric tests on the regeneration of the CuO/gamma-Al2O3 exhausted sorbent (first stage of the regeneration, CuSO4 -> Cu-0) with methane were conducted. Commercially available 1/8" gamma-Al2O3, spheres, loaded with 5.8 wt % of Cu were investigated. The tests concerning the isothermal regeneration kinetics were performed at temperatures: T = 700, 727 and 750 K, while a 20 cm(3) min(-1) flow of pure methane was used. To select the mechanism of the regeneration reaction, as well as to evaluate their kinetic parameters of the rate equations, the TGA data were compared with the series of theoretical topochemical kinetic models as advocated by Gardner, Hancock and Sharp's approach. The kinetic mechanism of the regeneration reaction in the initial stage of the process may be originally interpreted as the combination of both boundary-surface-controlled reaction (contracting sphere) and the first-order kinetics models. Various diffusion limited kinetic equations have proved useful for the description of the final stage of the process. Both proposed models (two kinetic and four diffusion ones) fit fairly well to the experimental data (in their limited validity ranges) obtained in all three temperature values studied. C1 So Illinois Univ, Coal Res Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Gliwice, Poland. So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US DOE, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Wiltowski, T (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Coal Res Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON W4 1BN, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1080/09593332708618618 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015QV UT WOS:000235566800008 PM 16457177 ER PT S AU Sutherland, BM AF Sutherland, BM BE Ghetti, F Checcucci, G Bornman, JF TI Medical and environmental effects of UV radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL UV RADIATION: IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH AND PREDICTIVE MODELS SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Environmental UV Radiation - Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models CY JUN, 2001 CL Pisa, ITALY ID T4 ENDONUCLEASE-V; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; DNA-DAMAGE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCOCCUS-LUTEUS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN-SKIN; ULTRAVIOLET; PURIFICATION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3695-7 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 57 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BDY21 UT WOS:000236077800004 ER PT S AU Sutherland, BM AF Sutherland, BM BE Ghetti, F Checcucci, G Bornman, JF TI Genetic and molecular analysis of DNA damage repair and tolerance pathways SO ENVIRONMENTAL UV RADIATION: IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH AND PREDICTIVE MODELS SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Environmental UV Radiation - Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models CY JUN, 2001 CL Pisa, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3695-7 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 57 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BDY21 UT WOS:000236077800009 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, Henry P. TI Quantum interactive dualism, II: The Libet and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen causal anomalies (Benjamin Libet, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen) SO ERKENNTNIS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION; PHYSICAL REALITY AB Replacing faulty nineteenth century physics by its orthodox quantum successor converts the earlier materialist conception of nature to a structure that does not enforce the principle of the causal closure of the physical. The quantum laws possess causal gaps, and these gaps are filled in actual scientific practice by inputs from our streams of consciousness. The form of the quantum laws permits and suggests the existence of an underlying reality that is built not on substances, but on psychophysical events, and on objective tendencies for these events to occur. These events constitute intrinsic mind-brain connections. They are fundamental links between brain processes described in physical terms and events in our streams of consciousness. This quantum ontology confers upon our conscious intentions the causal efficacy assigned to them in actual scientific practice, and creates a substance-free interactive dualism. This putative quantum ontology has previously been shown to have impressive explanatory power in both psychology and neuroscience. Here it is used to reconcile the existence of physically efficacious conscious free will with causal anomalies of both the Libet and Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky types. This article is a sequel to Stapp [2005, Journal of Consciousness Studies 12(11), 43-58] but strives to be largely self-contained. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0106 J9 ERKENNTNIS JI Erkenntnis PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 117 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10670-006-9017-y PG 26 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 115HQ UT WOS:000242725800007 ER PT J AU Babu, S Liao, PC Shin, MC Tsap, LV AF Babu, Sabarish Liao, Pao-Chuan Shin, Min C. Tsap, Leonid V. TI Recovery and visualization of 3D structure of chromosomes from tomographic reconstruction images SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTATION AB The objectives of this work include automatic recovery and visualization of a 3D chromosome structure from a sequence of 2D tomographic reconstruction images taken through the nucleus of a cell. Structure is very important for biologists as it affects chromosome functions, behavior of the cell, and its state. Analysis of chromosome structure is significant in the detection of diseases, identification of chromosomal abnormalities, study of DNA structural conformation, in-depth study of chromosomal surface morphology, observation of in vivo behavior of the chromosomes over time, and in monitoring environmental gene mutations. The methodology incorporates thresholding based on a histogram analysis with a polyline splitting algorithm, contour extraction via active contours, and detection of the 3D chromosome structure by establishing corresponding regions throughout the slices. Visualization using point cloud meshing generates a 3D surface. The 3D triangular mesh of the chromosomes provides surface detail and allows a user to interactively analyze chromosomes using visualization software. Copyright (C) 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst Res Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Babu, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-8657 EI 1687-0433 J9 EURASIP J APPL SIG P JI EURASIP J Appl. Signal Process. PY 2006 AR 45684 DI 10.1155/ASP/2006/45684 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 106CZ UT WOS:000242079900001 ER PT S AU Alam, SR Vetter, JS AF Alam, Sadaf R. Vetter, Jeffrey S. BE Nagel, WE Walter, WV Lehner, W TI Hierarchical model validation of symbolic performance models of scientific kernels SO EURO-PAR 2006 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB Multi-resolution validation of hierarchical performance models of scientific applications is critical primarily for two reasons. First, the step-by-step validation determines the correctness of all essential components or phases in a science simulation. Second, a model that is validated at multiple resolution levels is the very first step to generate predictive performance models, for not only existing systems but also for emerging systems and future problem sizes. We present the design and validation of hierarchical performance models of two scientific benchmarks using a new technique called the modeling assertions (MA). Our MA prototype framework generates symbolic performance models that can be evaluated efficiently by generating the equivalent model representations in Octave and MATLAB. The multi-resolution modeling and validation is conducted on two contemporary, massively-parallel systems, XT3 and Blue Gene/L system. The workload distribution and the growth rates predictions generated by the MA models are confirmed by the experimental data collected on the MPP platforms. In addition, the physical memory requirements that are generated by the MA models are verified by the runtime values on the Blue Gene/L system, which has 512 MBytes and 256 MBytes physical memory capacity in its two unique execution modes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alamsr@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-37783-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4128 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE49 UT WOS:000241469500006 ER PT S AU Chapman, BM Huang, L Jin, HQ Jost, G de Supinski, BR AF Chapman, Barbara M. Huang, Lei Jin, Haoqiang Jost, Gabriele de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Nagel, WE Walter, WV Lehner, W TI Toward enhancing OpenMP's work-sharing directives SO EURO-PAR 2006 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB OpenMP provides a portable programming interface for shared memory parallel computers (SMPs). Although this interface has proven successful for small SMPs, it requies greater flexibility in light of the steadily growing size of individual SMPs and the recent advent of multithreaded chips. In this paper, we describe two application development experiences that exposed these expressivity problems in the current OpenMP specification. We then propose mechanisms to overcome these limitations, including thread subteams and thread topologies. Thus, we identify language features that improve OpenMP application performance on emerging and large-scale platforms while preserving ease of programming. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chapman, BM (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM chapman@cs.uh.edu; leihuang@cs.uh.edu; hjin@nas.nasa.gov; gabriele.jost@sun.com; bronis@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-37783-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4128 BP 645 EP 654 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE49 UT WOS:000241469500058 ER PT J AU Li, LL Weidner, D Raterron, P Chen, JH Vaughan, M Me, SH Durham, B AF Li, LL Weidner, D Raterron, P Chen, JH Vaughan, M Me, SH Durham, B TI Deformation of olivine at mantle pressure using the D-DIA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE olivine; high pressure; high temperature; synchrotron X-ray imaging; stress; strain; TEM; dislocations; flow; activation volume ID DIFFUSION CREEP REGIME; SAN-CARLOS OLIVINE; MOLTEN-SALT CELL; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ACTIVATION VOLUME; HOMOLOGOUS TEMPERATURE; DISLOCATION RECOVERY; RHEOLOGY; WATER; APPARATUS AB Knowledge of the rheological properties of mantle materials is critical in modeling the dynamics of the Earth. The high-temperature flow law of olivine defined at mantle conditions is especially important since the pressure dependence of rheology may affect our estimation of the strength of olivine in the Earth's interior. In this study, steady-state high-temperature (up to 1473 K) deformation experiments of polycrystalline olivine (average grain size:5 10 pm) at pressure up to 9.6 GPa, were conducted using a Deformation-DIA (D-DIA) high-pressure apparatus and synchrotron X-ray radiation. The oxygen fugacity (f(O2)) during the runs was in-between the iron-wustite and the Ni/NiO buffers' f(O2). The water content of the polycrystalline samples was generally about 150 to 200 wt. ppm but was as low as 35 wt ppm. Typically, 30% strain was generated during the uniaxial compression. Sample lengths during the deformation process as well as the differential stresses were monitored in situ by X-ray radiography and diffraction, respectively. The strain rate was derived with an accuracy of 10(-6) s(-1). Differential stress was measured at constant strain rate (similar to 10(-5) s(-1)) using a multi-element solid-state detector combined with a conical slit. Recovered specimens were investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM shows that dislocation glide was the dominant deformation mechanism throughout the experiment. Evidence of dislocation climb and cross-slip as active mechanisms are also reported. Deformation data show little or no dependence of the dislocation creep flow with pressure, yielding to an activation volume V-* of 0 +/- 5 cm(3)/mol. These new data are consistent with the high-temperature rheological laws at lower pressures, as reported previously. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Li, LL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lilli@ic.sunnysb.edu RI Raterron, Paul/C-5594-2013 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0007 PG 13 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 019ZL UT WOS:000235877400001 ER PT J AU Chowell, G Ammon, CE Hengartner, MW Hyman, M AF Chowell, G. Ammon, C. E. Hengartner, M. W. Hyman, M. TI Epidemiology and the role of hypothetical interventions during the Spanish flu pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Fac Med, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Geneva, Switzerland. EM catherine-ammon@bluewin.ch RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119JN UT WOS:000243008700528 ER PT J AU Cardman, LS AF Cardman, L. S. TI Physics at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Years of Physics at the Mainz Microtron CY OCT 19-22, 2005 CL Johannes Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY HO Johannes Gutenberg Univ ID STRANGE FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING AB The Continuous Electron Accelerator Facility, CEBAF, located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, is devoted to the investigation of the electromagnetic Structure of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using high energy, high duty-cycle electron and photon beams. Selected experimental results of particular interest to the MAMI community are presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Cardman, LS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM cardman@jlab.org NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PY 2006 VL 28 SU 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-09-002-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 090GT UT WOS:000240939500003 ER PT J AU Vanderhaeghen, M AF Vanderhaeghen, M. TI Two-photon physics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Years of Physics at the Mainz Microtron CY OCT 19-22, 2005 CL Johannes Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY HO Johannes Gutenberg Univ ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; HEARN SUM-RULE; RELATIVISTIC RESONANCE MODEL; PION-PROTON BREMSSTRAHLUNG; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; MESON-EXCHANGE; DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; N SCATTERING AB It is reviewed how Compton scattering sum rules relate low-energy nucleon structure quantities to the nucleon excitation spectrum. In particular, the GDH sum rule and recently proposed extensions of it will be discussed. These extensions are sometimes more calculationally robust, which may be an advantage when estimating the chiral extrapolations of lattice QCD results, such as for anomalous magnetic moments. Subsequently, new developments in our description of the nucleon excitation spectrum will be discussed, in particular a recently developed chiral effective field theory framework for the Delta(1232)-resonance region. Within this framework, we discuss results on N and Delta masses, the gamma N Delta transition and the Delta magnetic dipole moment. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Vanderhaeghen, M (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM marcvdh@jlab.org NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PY 2006 VL 28 SU 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-09-008-3 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 090GT UT WOS:000240939500009 ER PT J AU Mecking, BA AF Mecking, B. A. TI Twenty years of physics at MAMI - What did it mean? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20 Years of Physics at the Mainz Microtron CY OCT 19-22, 2005 CL Johannes Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY HO Johannes Gutenberg Univ AB The development over the last twenty years of the physics program and the experimental facilities at the Mainz Microtron MAMI will be reviewed. Ground-breaking contributions have been made to the development of experimental techniques and to our understanding of the structure of nucleons and nuclei. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mecking, BA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mecking@jlab.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PY 2006 VL 28 SU 1 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-09-020-7 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 090GT UT WOS:000240939500022 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Bar-Shalom, S Soni, A AF Atwood, D. Bar-Shalom, S. Soni, A. TI Seesaw induced electroweak scale, the hierarchy problemand sub-eV neutrino masses SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MECHANISM; SUPERSYMMETRY; BARYOGENESIS; PHYSICS; MODELS AB We describe a model for the scalar sector where all interactions occur either at an ultra-high scale, Lambda(U) similar to 10(16)-10(19) GeV, or at an intermediate scale, Lambda(I) = 10(9)-10(11) GeV. The interaction of physics on these two scales results in an SU(2) Higgs condensate at the electroweak (EW) scale, Lambda(EW), through a seesaw-like Higgs mechanism, Lambda(EW) similar to Lambda(2)(I)/Lambda(U), while the breaking of the SM SU(2) x U(1) gauge symmetry occurs at the intermediate scale Lambda(I). The EW scale is, therefore, not fundamental but is naturally generated in terms of ultra-high energy phenomena and so the hierarchy problem is alleviated. We show that the class of such "seesaw Higgs" models predict the existence of sub-eV neutrino masses which are generated through a "two-step" seesaw mechanism in terms of the same two ultra-high scales: m(nu) similar to Lambda(4)(I)/Lambda(3)(U) similar to Lambda(2)(EW)/Lambda(U). The neutrinos can be either Dirac or Majorana, depending on the structure of the scalar potential. We also show that our seesaw Higgs model can be naturally embedded in theories with tiny extra dimensions of size R similar to Lambda(-1)(U) similar to 10(-16) fm, where the seesaw induced EW scale arises from a violation of a symmetry at a distant brane; in particular, in the scenario presented there are seven tiny extra dimensions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM atwood@iastate.edu; shaouly@physics.technion.ac.il; soni@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-02403-x PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 056LQ UT WOS:000238524800016 ER PT J AU van den Brink, J van Veenendaal, M AF van den Brink, J van Veenendaal, M TI Correlation functions measured by indirect resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; ND2CUO4 AB We express the cross-section for indirect resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in terms of an intrinsic dynamic correlation function of the system that is studied with this technique. We find that the cross-section is a linear combination of the charge response function and the dynamic longitudinal spin density correlation function of the electrons that couple to the core-hole. This result is asymptotically exact for both strong and weak local core-hole potentials. The relative charge and spin contribution to the inelastic spectral weight can be changed by varying the incident photon energy. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van den Brink, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, POB 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI van den Brink, Jeroen/E-5670-2011 OI van den Brink, Jeroen/0000-0001-6594-9610 NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10366-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 999QJ UT WOS:000234404700020 ER PT B AU Kumar, A AF Kumar, Arvind BE Prabhakar, LW Ho, JH Bateman, S TI Nuclear Weapons and Missile Defences: The Maritime Dimension in the Asia-Pacific SO EVOLVING MARITIME BALANCE OF POWER IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC: MARITIME DOCTRINES AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS AT SEA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kumar, Arvind] IDSA, New Delhi, India. [Kumar, Arvind] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Kumar, Arvind] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kumar, Arvind] US Nucl Posture Review S Asia, Stanford, CA USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Studies NIAS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-342-5 PY 2006 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1142/9789812773425_0009 D2 10.1142/9789812773425 PG 11 WC Area Studies; Political Science SC Area Studies; Government & Law GA BZB43 UT WOS:000300999600010 ER PT J AU Guven, D Weiland, JD Maghribi, M Davidson, JC Mahadevappa, M Roizenblatt, R Qiu, QT Krulevitz, P Wang, XP LaBree, L Humayun, MS AF Guven, D Weiland, JD Maghribi, M Davidson, JC Mahadevappa, M Roizenblatt, R Qiu, QT Krulevitz, P Wang, XP LaBree, L Humayun, MS TI Implantation of an inactive epiretinal poly(dimethyl siloxane) electrode array in dogs SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE retinal prosthesis; poly(dimethylsiloxane); array; optical coherence tomography; implantation; biocompatibility; retinal nerve fibre layer ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; RETINAL PROSTHESIS; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; GLAUCOMA AB The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term, mechanical biocompatibility of a polymer microtechnology that can be used to position electrodes in close proximity to the retina. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) arrays were manufactured by soft-lithography at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The PDMS implant measured 4 mm X 40 mm X 55-60 mu m and included 4-8 electrodes. Micromolded ribs were placed at the perimetry for strength and case of manipulation. The PDMS arrays were implanted epiretinally in four normal dogs, with a single retina] tack used in each case to hold the device on the retina. The mechanical effects of the implant were followed up after surgical implantation by photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electrophysiologic tests. An intraoperative retinal tear occurred in the first implanted dog, causing retinal detachment and necessitating termination. The remaining dogs experienced no gross complications secondary to the array implantation procedure. During the follow-up period of 2 months in one eye and 6 months in three eyes, OCT demonstrated that the arrays were in close contact with the retina. Fluorescein angiography showed good perfusion of the retina under the array. At the end of 6 months, there was no statistical difference from baseline in mean retinal thickness under the array (P=0.43) or peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness corresponding to the implanted area (P=0.34). The mean distance between the array and the retinal surface varied from 32 to 68 pm throughout the follow-up. Histopathologic evaluation of the retinal implantation site in eyes followed for 6 months showed a general preservation of the normal, layered retinal structure, except for some localized retinal thinning in two eyes, where the array frame had been in direct retinal contact. The PDMS substrate micro array is a new and promising technology that can be scaled to support a high-density retinal stimulating array. Its implantation and handling is surgically manageable, and it forms a mechanically stable, acceptable interface with the inner retinal surface. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Doheny Eye Inst, Doheny Retina Inst, Keck Sch Med,Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Guven, D (reprint author), Ankara Numune Teaching & Res Hosp, Eye Clin 3, Kizihrmak Mah 36 Cad,2-29, TR-06520 Ankara, Turkey. EM dkguven@hotmail.com FU NEI NIH HHS [EY03040] NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2005.05.008 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 007BN UT WOS:000234942500011 PM 16125701 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Borwein, JM Bradley, DM AF Bailey, David H. Borwein, Jonathan M. Bradley, David M. TI Experimental determination of Apery-like identities for zeta(2n+2) SO EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Riemann zeta function; central binomial coefficients; series acceleration; hypergeometric series ID FORMULAS AB We document the discovery of two generating functions for zeta(2n+2), analogous to earlier work for zeta(2n+l) and zeta(4n+3), initiated by Koecher and pursued further by Borwein, Bradley, and others. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Fac Comp Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 2W5, Canada. Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhbailey@lbl.gov; jborwein@cs.dal.ca; bradley@math.umaine.edu RI Borwein, Jonathan/A-6082-2009; OI Borwein, Jonathan/0000-0002-1263-0646 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU A K PETERS LTD PI WELLESLEY PA 888 WORCESTER STREET, STE 230, WELLESLEY, MA 02482-3748 USA SN 1058-6458 J9 EXP MATH JI Exp. Math. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1080/10586458.2006.10128968 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 099TT UT WOS:000241619800002 ER PT J AU Amrock, E Barkey, ME Turgeon, MC AF Amrock, E Barkey, ME Turgeon, MC TI Pressure testing of recyclable transmission lines for a fusion reactor SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Amrock, E (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 010OU UT WOS:000235204800009 ER PT J AU Sherlock, D Toomey, A Hoversten, M Gasperikova, E Dodds, K AF Sherlock, Don Toomey, Aoife Hoversten, Mike Gasperikova, Erika Dodds, Kevin TI Gravity monitoring of CO2 storage in a depleted gas field: A sensitivity study SO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CO2; sequestration; gravity; monitoring and verification AB In 2006, the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) plans to undertake (subject to receiving the necessary approvals) a Pilot program for CO2 storage within a depleted gas reservoir. The Otway Basin Pilot Program (OBPP) aims to demonstrate that subsurface CO2 storage is both economically and environmentally sustainable in Australia. This will be the first CO2 storage program in the world to utilise a depleted gas reservoir and, hence, the experience gained will be a valuable addition to the range of international CO2 storage programs that are underway or being planned. A key component of the OBPP is the design of an appropriate geophysical monitoring strategy that will allow the subsurface migration of the CO2 plume to be tracked and to verify that containment has been successful. This paper presents the results from modelling the predicted gravity response to CO2 injection into the Otway Basin reservoir, where the goal was to determine minimum volumes of CO2 that may be detectable using non-seismic geophysical techniques. Modelling results indicate that gravity measurements at 10 m spacing within the existing observation well and the planned CO2 injection well would provide excellent vertical resolution, even for the smallest CO2 volume modelled (10 000 tonnes), but resolving the lateral extent of the plume would not be possible without additional wells at closer spacing. C1 [Sherlock, Don; Dodds, Kevin] CSIRO Petr, Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Gas Technol, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Toomey, Aoife; Hoversten, Mike; Gasperikova, Erika] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sherlock, D (reprint author), CSIRO Petr, Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Gas Technol, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. EM don.sherlock@csiro.au RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0812-3985 J9 EXPLOR GEOPHYS JI Explor. Geophys. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1071/EG06037 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V24GO UT WOS:000208399100005 ER PT J AU Pal, A Isola, NR Alarie, JP Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T AF Pal, A Isola, NR Alarie, JP Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T TI Synthesis and characterization of SERS gene probe for BRCA-1 (breast cancer) SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS TRITON X-100; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SUBSTRATE; SPECTROSCOPY; DNA; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; POLYMER; BIOTIN AB A protocol for binding cresyl fast violet (CFV), a SERS-active dye ( label) containing an aromatic amino group with a modified oligomer having a carboxy derivatized thymidine moiety using carbodiimide coupling has been achieved for the first time. Covalent coupling between CFV and the oligomer has been confirmed by mass spectral analysis of the labeled oligomer. The fluorescence, SERS and absorption characteristics of the labeled product have been evaluated. The chosen oligomer contains a BRCA-1 ( breast cancer) sequence, and hence has the potential for being used as a gene probe to identify BRCA-1 gene. It has high potential for being used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, as has been performed with labeled oligonucleotide for the HIV sequence. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. EM anjalipal@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2006 VL 132 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1039/b506341h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 032KF UT WOS:000236772600024 PM 16833124 ER PT B AU Scrofano, R Gokhale, M Trouw, F Prasanna, VK AF Scrofano, Ronald Gokhale, Maya Trouw, Frans Prasanna, Viktor K. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI A hardware/software approach to molecular dynamics on reconfigurable computers SO FCCM 2006: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture AB With advances in reconfigurable hardware, especially field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), it has become possible to use reconfigurable hardware to accelerate complex applications, such as those in scientific computing. There has been a resulting development of reconfigurable computers-computers which have both general purpose processors and reconfigurable hardware, as well as memory and high-performance interconnection networks. In this paper, we study the acceleration of molecular dynamics simulations using reconfigurable computers. We describe how we partition the application between software and hardware and then model the performance of several alternatives for the task mapped to hardware. We describe an implementation of one of these alternatives on a reconfigurable computer and demonstrate that for two real-world simulations, it achieves a 2 x speed-up over the software baseline. We then compare our design and results to those of prior efforts and explain the advantages of the hardware/software approach, including flexibility. C1 [Scrofano, Ronald; Prasanna, Viktor K.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Gokhale, Maya; Trouw, Frans] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Scrofano, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rscrofan@usc.edu; maya@lanl.gov; trouw@lanl.gov; prasanna@usc.edu FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [95976-001-043C] FX This work is supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract/award number 95976-001-043C NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2661-6 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2006 BP 23 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFG47 UT WOS:000241726800003 ER PT B AU Porter, R Frigo, J Gokhale, M Wolinski, C Charot, F Wagner, C AF Porter, Reid Frigo, Jan Gokhale, Maya Wolinski, Christophe Charot, Francois Wagner, Charles GP IEEE Comp Soc TI A programmable, maximal throughput architecture for neighborhood image processing SO FCCM 2006: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture AB We propose a run-time re-configurable architecture for local neighborhood image processing. We discuss how the new architecture can offer improved flexibility to the developer. We show that for a satellite image feature extraction application, our architecture, implemented on Stratix II and Virtex 2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays, achieves similar performance, hardware resource utilization, and throughput as a fully pipelined systolic array architecture. C1 [Porter, Reid; Frigo, Jan; Gokhale, Maya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wolinski, Christophe; Charot, Francois; Wagner, Charles] IRISA, IFSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Porter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rporter@lanl.gov; jfrigo@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov; wolinski@irisa.fr; charot@irisa.fr; wagner@irisa.fr NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2661-6 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2006 BP 279 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFG47 UT WOS:000241726800030 ER PT B AU Quinn, H Bhaduri, D Teuscher, C Graham, P Gokhale, M AF Quinn, Heather Bhaduri, Debayan Teuscher, Christof Graham, Paul Gokhale, Maya GP IEEE Comp Soc TI The STAR-C truth: Analyzing reconfigurable supercomputing reliability SO FCCM 2006: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture C1 [Quinn, Heather; Bhaduri, Debayan; Teuscher, Christof; Graham, Paul; Gokhale, Maya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov; bhaduri@lanl.gov; christof@lanl.gov; grahamp@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2661-6 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2006 BP 323 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFG47 UT WOS:000241726800052 ER PT B AU Hemmert, KS Underwood, KD AF Hemmert, K. Scott Underwood, Keith D. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Open source high performance floating-point modules SO FCCM 2006: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 24-26, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture DE IEEE floating point; FPGA; reconfigurable computing AB Given the logic density of modern FPGAs, it is feasible to use FPGAs for floating-point applications. However, it is important that any floating-point units that are used be highly optimized. This paper introduces an open source library of highly optimized floating point units for Xilinx FPGAs. The units are fully IEEE compliant and acheive approximately 230 MHz operation frequency for double-precision add and multiply in a Xilinx Virtex-2-Pro FPGA (-7 speed grade). This speed is acheived with a 10 stage adder pipeline and a 12 stage multiplier pipeline. The area requirement is 571 slices for the adder and 905 slices for the multiplier. C1 [Hemmert, K. Scott; Underwood, Keith D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hemmert, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kshemme@sandia.gov; kdunder@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2661-6 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2006 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFG47 UT WOS:000241726800065 ER PT S AU Bozell, JJ AF Bozell, JJ BE Bozell, JJ Patel, MK TI Feedstocks for the future using technology development as a guide to product identification SO FEEDSTOCKS FOR THE FUTURE: RENEWABLES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID RENEWABLE RESOURCES; CHEMICALS AB Biorefinery development addresses two goals displacement of imported petroleum (an energy goal) and enabling biorefineries (an economic goal) These goals are simultaneously addressed if chemicals (producing an economic impact) are closely integrated with the more common production of fuels (producing an energy impact) However, incorporating chemicals is frequently impeded by the question "what product should we make?" The impact of products on biorefinery operation is much clearer when the focus is shifted to broad technology development, rather than a more fragmentary product-by-product approach Yet conversion technology tailored for the structural features of biomass still lags far behind that available for nonrenewables In 2004, the Cellulose and Renewable Materials division of the ACS sponsored a symposium "Feedstocks for the Future Renewables for the Production of Chemicals and Materials", focusing on new technologies able to bridge this gap This chapter introduces some key concepts, and overviews the inforination described in subsequent chapters. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bozell, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3934-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 921 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BED19 UT WOS:000236870600001 ER PT J AU Fuentes, L Fernandez, JF Fuentes, ME Lascano, L Villafuerte, ME Montero, ME Olivera, R Mehta, A Jardiel, T AF Fuentes, L. Fernandez, J. F. Fuentes, Ma. E. Lascano, L. Villafuerte, M. E. Montero, Ma. E. Olivera, R. Mehta, A. Jardiel, T. TI Synchrotron radiation study of structural tendencies in aurivillius ceramics SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-11) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Iguassu Falls, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvolviment Cientif Tecnol, Consejo Nacl Invest Cientif Tecn, Univ Nacl La Plata, Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Taylor & Francis, Brazil-MRS, FAPESP, CAPES, Faber-Castell, Banco Brasil DE synchrotron radiation; Aurivillius; crystal structure ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; CATION DISORDER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PHASE; BA2BI4TI5O18 AB A review of structural tendencies, as observed in several synchrotron radiation diffraction studies of Aurivillius phases, is presented. The role of powder synchrotron radiation is analyzed. Investigated phases belong to Aurivillius families with n from 3 to 6, with partial substitution of small T cations and of large Bi cations. Representative formulas are: Bi4Ti3-xWxO12, Bn+1T3Fen-3O3n+3 and (Ba, Pb)(2)Bi4T5O18. Observed general behavior shows a tendency to increase disorder with increasing chemical complexity. The structure-polarization relationship in Ba2Bi4Ti5O18 is investigated and a paradox between published results is highlighted. Synchrotron radiation results tend to confirm Lightfoots's conclusions, suggesting electric polarization along the z axis. C1 Ctr Invest & Mat Avanzados, Chihuahua, Mexico. Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Arganda Del Rey, Spain. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico. Escuela Politec Nacl, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fuentes, L (reprint author), Ctr Invest & Mat Avanzados, Chihuahua, Mexico. EM luis.fuentes@cimari.edu.mx RI Fernandez, Jose/M-4402-2014; OI Fernandez, Jose/0000-0001-5894-9866; Fuentes-Montero, Maria/0000-0002-3388-8224 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 339 BP 1895 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600740192 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 074NP UT WOS:000239819400027 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Ghita, M Fornari, M Halilov, SV AF Singh, D. J. Ghita, M. Fornari, M. Halilov, S. V. TI Role of A-site and B-site ions in perovskite ferroelectricity SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-11) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Iguassu Falls, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvolviment Cientif Tecnol, Consejo Nacl Invest Cientif Tecn, Univ Nacl La Plata, Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Taylor & Francis, Brazil-MRS, FAPESP, CAPES, Faber-Castell, Banco Brasil DE perovskites; density functional ID ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; BARIUM-TITANATE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; SOLID-SOLUTION; PHASE; INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; BATIO3 AB The interplay between the various patterns of structural instability that are related to the electromechanical coupling in ferroelectric perovskites is discussed using results of density, functional based first principles calculations. We focus on two main issues: (1) the competition between tetragonal and rhombohedral ferroelectric states in A-site driven (tolerance factor, t < 1) perovskites, and (2) the competition of ferroelectricity and antiferroelectric octahedral rotation. The role of Pb is reviewed in terms of cross gap hybridization of Pb 6p states with O 2p orbitals, and an alternate mechanism for reducing the tendency towards tilt instabilities is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RJ Mears LLC, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM singhdj@ornl.gov RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 338 BP 1489 EP + DI 10.1080/00150190600732694 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 074NN UT WOS:000239819200011 ER PT J AU Haam, SY Kim, JW Kim, TH Kim, KH Park, S Hur, N Cheong, SW Harrison, N Migliori, A AF Haam, S. Y. Kim, J. W. Kim, T. H. Kim, Kee Hoon Park, S. Hur, N. Cheong, S. -W. Harrison, N. Migliori, A. TI Evolution of ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic phases of TbMn2O5 under high magnetic field up to 45 T SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IMF 2005 Conference CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Iguassu Falls, BRAZIL SP IMF DE lead strontium titanate; elastic characterization; elastic-electric coupling AB We determine high magnetic field (B//a) vs temperature phase diagram of TbMn2O5 by measurements of dielectric constant (epsilon//b) and magnetization under static and pulsed B up to 45 T, and pyroelectric/magnetoelectric currents up to 9 T. Our results reveal that a ferroelectric (FE) transition temperature at T-C = 38 K at B = 0 T changes little under B up to 33 T, while incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase, characterized as increased e and negative polarization below 25 K at B = 0 T, becomes unstable above B = similar to 20 T at low temperatures. Furthermore, a positive FE polarization component, coined with a Tb f-spin ordering below similar to 15 K at B = 0 T, abruptly disappears with Tb f- spin reorientation under B = similar to 2 T. Determined phase diagram shows that both magnitude of FE polarization and e value are sensitively dependent on the evolution of magnetic order parameters of both Mn-d and Tb-f spins tuned by high magnetic fields. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haam, SY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM athene80@snu.ac.kr RI Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; OI Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 336 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1080/00150190600696055 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 070ZX UT WOS:000239567500020 ER PT J AU Trepakov, VA Gubaev, AI Kapphan, SE Galinetto, P Rossella, F Boatner, LA Syrnikov, PP Jastrabik, L AF Trepakov, V. A. Gubaev, A. I. Kapphan, S. E. Galinetto, P. Rossella, F. Boatner, L. A. Syrnikov, P. P. Jastrabik, L. TI UV light-induced IR absorption and photoconductivity in KTa1-xNbxO3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-11) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Iguassu Falls, BRAZIL SP Conselho Nacl Desenvolviment Cientif Tecnol, Consejo Nacl Invest Cientif Tecn, Univ Nacl La Plata, Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Taylor & Francis, Brazil-MRS, FAPESP, CAPES, Faber-Castell, Banco Brasil DE perovskite-type crystal; electronic structure; optical properties ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PEROVSKITE OXIDES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; POLARONS; KNBO3; KTAO3 AB Observation and first studies of the UV light-induced optical absorption for KTa1-xNbxO3 single crystals (x = 0.004, 0.007, 0.012, 0.07) are reported. Under illumination (300-400 nm, 3.10-4.13 eV) at low temperatures a broad light-induced absorption band was found in NIR region, peaking at 5600 cm(-1) (1.79 mu, 0.69 eV T = 1.3 K)for x = 0.007. No light-induced absorption was found at room temperature in all Nb containing samples as well as in nominally pure KTaO3. Results of detailed studies, including photoconductivity and photoluminescence experiments, are associated with the localization of the charge carriers in the form of electronic polarons at low temperatures. C1 ASCR, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. IFMN, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Solid State Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Trepakov, VA (reprint author), ASCR, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM trev@pfzu.cz RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2006 VL 334 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1080/00150190600692773 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 074DZ UT WOS:000239794200017 ER PT S AU Hadley, GR Farrow, RL Smith, AV AF Hadley, G. Ronald Farrow, Roger L. Smith, Arlee V. BE Brown, AJW Nilsson, J Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A TI Bent-waveguide modeling of large-mode-area, double-clad fibers for high-power lasers - art. no. 61021S SO Fiber Lasers III: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Aculight Corp, SPIE AB The design and optimization of high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers requires a detailed understanding of several important physical processes, both linear and nonlinear. The influence of bending on the overlap of the propagating mode as well as its resistance to deleterious nonlinear effects such as self-focusing must be accurately predicted. To this end we have developed a number of models, both analytic and numerical, that allow us to treat these effects in detail. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hadley, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6144-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6102 BP S1021 EP S1021 AR 61021S DI 10.1117/12.656699 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF83 UT WOS:000237143300052 ER PT S AU Dawson, JW Mitchell, S Beach, RJ Messerly, MJ Siders, CW Phan, H Barty, CPJ AF Dawson, J. W. Mitchell, S. Beach, R. J. Messerly, M. J. Siders, C. W. Phan, H. Barty, C. P. J. BE Brown, AJW Nilsson, J Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A TI High energy, short pulse fiber laser front end for kilo-joule class CPA systems SO FIBER LASERS III: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Aculight Corp, SPIE AB We are developing an all fiber laser system optimized for providing input pulses for short pulse (1-10ps), high energy (similar to 1kJ) glass laser systems. Fiber lasers are ideal solutions for these systems as they are highly reliable and enable long term stable operation. The design requirements for this application are very different than those commonly seen in fiber lasers. High-energy lasers often have low repetition rates (as low as one pulse every few hours), and thus high average power and efficiency are of little practical value. What is of high value is pulse energy, high signal to noise ratio (expressed as pre-pulse contrast), good beam quality, consistent output parameters and timing. Our system focuses on optimizing these parameters. Our prototype system consists of a mode-locked fiber laser, a compressed pulse fiber amplifier, a "pulse cleaner", a chirped fiber Bragg grating, pulse selectors, a transport fiber system and a large mode area fiber amplifier. We will review the system and present theoretical and experimental studies of critical aspects, in particular the requirement for high pre-pulse contrast. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dawson, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dawson17@llnl.gov RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6144-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6102 AR 610214 DI 10.1117/12.644950 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF83 UT WOS:000237143300032 ER PT S AU Farrow, RL Kliner, DAV Schrader, PE Hoops, AA Moore, SW Hadley, GR Schmitt, RL AF Farrow, Roger L. Kliner, Dahv A. V. Schrader, Paul E. Hoops, Alexandra A. Moore, Sean W. Hadley, G. Ronald Schmitt, Randal L. BE Brown, AJW Nilsson, J Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A TI High-peak-power (> 1.2 MW) pulsed fiber amplifier SO FIBER LASERS III: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Aculight Corp, SPIE DE fiber amplifier; pulsed fiber amplifier; high-peak-power fiber amplifier; bend loss; mode filtering; large-mode-area amplifier; Yb ID DIFFRACTION-LIMITED PULSES; AVERAGE-POWER; ENERGY AB We report results from Yb-doped fiber amplifiers seeded with two microchip lasers having 0.38-ns and 2.3ns pulse durations. The shorter duration seed resulted in output pulses with a peak power of > 1.2 MW and pulse energy of 0.67 mJ. Peak power was limited by nonlinear processes that caused breakup and broadening of the pulse envelope as the pump power increased. The 2.3-ns duration seed laser resulted in output pulses with a peak power of > 300 kW and pulse energy of > 1. 1 mJ. Pulse energies were limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering and ultimately by internal optical damage (fluences in excess of 400 J/cm(2) were generated). In both experiments, nearly diffraction-limited beam profiles were obtained, with M-2 values of < 1.2. Preliminary results of a pulse-amplification model are in excellent agreement with the experimental results of the amplifiers operating in the low-to-moderate gain-depletion regime. C1 [Farrow, Roger L.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.; Schrader, Paul E.; Hoops, Alexandra A.; Moore, Sean W.; Hadley, G. Ronald; Schmitt, Randal L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farrow, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM farrow@sandia.gov RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Sandia National Laboratories, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors acknowledge insightful discussions with J. P. Koplow and R. P. Bambha of Sandia National Laboratories. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6144-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6102 AR 61020L DI 10.1117/12.646815 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF83 UT WOS:000237143300017 ER PT S AU Hotoleanu, M Soderlund, M Kliner, D Koplow, J Tammela, S Philipov, V AF Hotoleanu, Mircea Soderlund, Miko Kliner, Dahv Koplow, Jeffrey Tammela, Simo Philipov, Valery BE Brown, AJW Nilsson, J Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A TI High order modes suppression in large mode area active fibers by controlling the radial distribution of the rare earth dopant. SO FIBER LASERS III: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Aculight Corp, SPIE C1 [Hotoleanu, Mircea; Soderlund, Miko; Tammela, Simo; Philipov, Valery] Liekki Oy, Lohja, Finland. [Kliner, Dahv; Koplow, Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hotoleanu, M (reprint author), Liekki Oy, Lohja, Finland. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6144-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6102 AR 61021T DI 10.1117/12.659217 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF83 UT WOS:000237143300053 ER PT S AU Nelson, R Eisenberg, D AF Nelson, Rebecca Eisenberg, David BE Kajava, A Squire, JM Parry, DAD TI Structural models of amyloid-like fibrils SO FIBROUS PROTEINS: AMYLOIDS, PRIONS AND BETA PROTEINS SE ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SOLID-STATE NMR; BETA-SHEET STRUCTURE; FORMATION IN-VITRO; HET-S PRION; PARTIALLY DENATURING CONDITIONS; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; PROBING SOLVENT ACCESSIBILITY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Amyloid fibrils are elongated, insoluble protein aggregates deposited in vivo in amyloid diseases, and amyloid-like fibrils are formed in vitro from soluble proteins. Both of these groups of fibrils, despite differences in the sequence and native structure of their component proteins, share common properties, including their core structure. Multiple models have been proposed for the common core structure, but in most cases, atomic-level structural details have yet to be determined. Here we review several structural models proposed for amyloid and amyloid-like fibrils and relate features of these models to the common fibril properties. We divide models into three classes: Refolding, Gain-of-Interaction, and Natively Disordered. The Refolding models propose structurally distinct native and fibrillar states and suggest that backbone interactions drive fibril formation. In contrast, the Gain-of-Interaction models propose a largely native-like structure for the protein in the fibril and highlight the importance of specific sequences in fibril formation. The Natively Disordered models have aspects in common with both Refolding and Gain-of-Interaction models. While each class of model suggests explanations for some of the common fibril properties, and some models, such as Gain-of-Interaction models with a cross-beta spine, fit a wider range of properties than others, no one class provides a complete explanation for all amyloid fibril behavior. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Nelson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Kajava, Andrey/E-1107-2014 OI Kajava, Andrey/0000-0002-2342-6886 NR 192 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3233 BN 0-12-034273-1 J9 ADV PROTEIN CHEM JI Adv.Protein Chem. PY 2006 VL 73 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1016/S0065-3233(06)73008-X PG 49 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFO41 UT WOS:000243421200008 PM 17190616 ER PT S AU Kaestner, R Thrun, S Montemerlo, M Whalley, M AF Kaestner, Ralf Thrun, Sebastian Montemerlo, Michael Whalley, Matt BE Corke, P Sukkarieh, S TI A non-rigid approach to scan alignment and change detection using range sensor data SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics CY JUL 29-31, 2005 CL Port Douglas, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO ICT, Australian Robot & Automat Assoc ID REGISTRATION; IMAGES AB We present a probabilistic technique for alignment and subsequent change detection using range sensor data. The alignment method is derived from a novel, non-rigid approach to register point clouds induced by pose-related range observations that are particularly erroneous. It allows for high scan estimation errors to be compensated distinctly, whilst considering temporally successive measurements to be correlated. Based on the alignment, changes between data sets are detected using a probabilistic approach that is capable of differentiating between likely and unlikely changes. When applied to observations containing even small differences, it reliably identifies intentionally introduced modifications. C1 [Kaestner, Ralf; Thrun, Sebastian; Montemerlo, Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Whalley, Matt] Army NASA Rotorcraft Div, AMRDEC, Ames, IA USA. [Whalley, Matt] Ames Res Ctr, US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, Ames, IA USA. RP Kaestner, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Robot Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ralfk@cs.stanford.edu; thrun@stanford.edu; mmde@stanford.edu; mwhalley@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 3-540-33452-1 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2006 VL 25 BP 179 EP + PG 3 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BFE25 UT WOS:000241438000016 ER PT B AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C He, X AF Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. Leangsuksun, C. He, X. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Active/Active replication for highly available HPC system services SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY APR 20-22, 2006 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Network & Informat Secur Agcy, Tech Univ Wien, Vienna Univ Techol, Oesterreich Comp Gesell, Austrian Comp Soc HO Vienna Univ Technol AB Today's high performance computing systems have several reliability deficiencies resulting in availability and serviceability issues. Head and service nodes represent a single point of failure and control for an entire system as they render it inaccessible and unmanageable in case of a failure until repair, causing a significant downtime. This paper introduces two distinct replication methods (internal and external) for providing symmetric active/active high availability for multiple head and service nodes running in virtual synchrony. It presents a comparison of both methods in terms of expected correctness, ease-of-use and performance based on early results from ongoing work in providing symmetric active/active high availability for two HPC system services (TORQUE and PVFS metadata server). It continues with a short description of a distributed mutual exclusion algorithm and a brief statement regarding the handling of Byzantine failures. This paper concludes with an overview of past and ongoing work, and a short summary of the presented research. C1 [Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Leangsuksun, C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [He, X.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@oml.gov; scottsl@oml.gov; box@latech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu OI Engelmann, Christian/0000-0003-4365-6416 FU Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Reading, Louisiana Tech University and Tennessee Tech University FX Research sponsored in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.; This research is sponsored in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed jointly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, The University of Reading, Louisiana Tech University and Tennessee Tech University. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2567-9 PY 2006 BP 639 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2006.23 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEL18 UT WOS:000237699600083 ER PT S AU Shen, J Schmetz, E Stiegel, GJ Winslow, JC Kornosky, RM Madden, DR Jain, SC AF Shen, John Schmetz, Edward Stiegel, Gary J. Winslow, John C. Kornosky, Robert M. Madden, Diane R. Jain, Suresh C. BE Davis, BH Occelli, ML TI Early entrance coproduction plant - the pathway to the commercial CTL (coal-to-liquids) fuels production SO FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS, CATALYSTS AND CATALYSIS SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), ACS, Div Cellulose & Renewable Mat, Akzo Nobel Function Chem, Arch Wood Protect Inc, Ciba Specialty Chem, Eastman Chem Co, ISK Biocides Inc, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Lonza Inc, Merichem Co, FWRC, Mississippi State Univ, Nisus Corp, Osmose Hold Inc, Pibro Tech Inc, US Borax, Rio Tinto Minerals, Sostram Corp, Viance LLC, Weyerhaeuser Co AB In coproduction mode, ultra clean CTL (coal-to-liquids) fuel is coproduced with electric power, chemicals, and steam by incorporating a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) sub-system into an IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) complex. The near-commercial readiness of the IGCC technology suggests this mode could offer the earliest opportunity for the commercial production of CTL fuels. In 1999, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a solicitation seeking proposals to evaluate the feasibility of EECP (early entrance coproduction plant) projects which are aimed at demonstrating the advanced CTL technologies in integrated mode at pre-commercial or commercial scale units. This paper will review the highlights of the two EECP projects awarded by DOE. Successful implementations of EECP projects can reduce technical risks and are considered essential for the undertaking of commercial projects based on advanced CTL technologies. C1 [Shen, John; Schmetz, Edward] US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-52221-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2006 VL 163 BP 315 EP 325 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRS83 UT WOS:000283573600017 ER PT J AU Peshkin, M AF Peshkin, Murray TI Spin-zero particles must be bosons: A new proof within nonrelativistic quantum mechanics SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spin statistics; nonrelativistic quantum mechanics ID STATISTICS; INDISTINGUISHABILITY AB The key assumption is that of Leinaas and Myrheim and of Berry and Robbins, here specialized to spin zero: for n particles, the argument of the wave function should be the unordered multiplet {r (1),r (2),...,r (n) }. I also make use of the requirement that wave functions in the domain of the Hamiltonian must be continuous functions of the spatial variables. The new proof presented here has advantages of simplicity and transparency in comparison with earlier work based on the same two principles and it uses weaker assumptions, especially avoiding the use of rotations of the relative coordinate of identical particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peshkin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM peshkin@anl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 EI 1572-9516 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10701-005-9011-2 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 053XX UT WOS:000238340600002 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI Comments on Shimony's "an analysis of Stapp's 'a Bell-type theorem without hidden variables'" SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bell's theorem; nonlocality; hidden variables; counterfactuals AB The hidden-variable theorems of Bell and followers depend upon an assumption, namely the hidden-variable assumption, that conflicts with the precepts of quantum philosophy. Hence from an orthodox quantum perspective those theorems entail no faster-than-light transfer of information. They merely reinforce the ban on hidden variables. The need for some sort of faster-than-light information transfer can be shown by using counterfactuals instead of hidden variables. Shimony's criticism of that argument fails to take into account the distinction between no-faster-than-light connection in one direction and that same condition in both directions. The argument can be cleanly formulated within the framework of a fixed past, open future interpretation of quantum theory, which neatly accommodates the critical assumptions that the experimenters are free to choose which experiments they will perform. The assumptions are compatible with the Tomonaga-Schwinger formulation of quantum field theory, and hence with orthodox quantum precepts, and with the relativistic requirement that no prediction pertaining to an outcome in one region can depend upon a free choice made in a region spacelike-separated from the first. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10701-005-9005-0 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 053XX UT WOS:000238340600005 ER PT B AU Hsiao, M Shukla, S Gokhale, M Lebeck, A AF Hsiao, Michael Shukla, Sandeep Gokhale, Maya Lebeck, Alvin GP IEEE TI Panel: Nano-computing - Do we need new formal approaches ? SO FOURTH ACM & IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR CO-DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Council EDA AB With current CMOS technologies reaching beyond 65 nanometers mark, and the highlights of computing fabrics such as molecular, DNA guided assemblies, quantum computing, carbon nanotube based transistors etc. are bringing the focus onto nanotechnology. The term nano-computing now implies computing with alternative emerging nano-scale technologies as well as with large scale parallelism afforded by the shrinking silicon technologies, with the added burden of rampant defects and faults. The optimization factors and assumptions we made so far in hardware designs become no longer valid for such computing fabrics. The parallelism heretofore unavailable can now be applied, and help us realize newer ways of designing softwares and algorithms. The question therefore to ask is: do we need drastic new approaches to design hardware and software? This panel comprising of experts from formal methods, reliability, spatial computing, hardware/software design will discuss this question from individual perspectives in an attempt to come up with a cogent set of questions researchers need to answer. C1 [Hsiao, Michael; Shukla, Sandeep] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gokhale, Maya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lebeck, Alvin] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hsiao, M (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hsiao@vt.edu; shukla@vt.edu; maya@lanl.gov; alvy@cs.duke.edu RI Shukla, Sandeep/B-3358-2009 OI Shukla, Sandeep/0000-0001-5525-7426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0421-5 PY 2006 BP 85 EP + DI 10.1109/MEMCOD.2006.1695906 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEY35 UT WOS:000240106600010 ER PT B AU Barrett, CL Istrate, G Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV Thite, S Thulasidasan, S AF Barrett, CL Istrate, G Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV Thite, S Thulasidasan, S TI Strong edge coloring for channel assignment in wireless radio networks SO FOURTH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Annual International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 13-17, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci, Italian Res Council, Inst Informat & Telemat ID GRAPHS; CAPACITY AB We give efficient sequential and distributed approximation algorithms for strong edge coloring graphs modeling wireless networks. Strong edge coloring is equivalent to computing a conflict-free assignment of channels or frequencies to pairwise links between transceivers in the network. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Bio Informat Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cbarrett@vt.edu; istrate@lanl.gov; akumar@vt.edu; marathe@vt.edu; sthite@win.tue.nl; sunil@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2520-2 PY 2006 BP 106 EP + DI 10.1109/PERCOMW.2006.129 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BEE08 UT WOS:000236907700020 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Xu, YK Zielonka, J Wishart, JF Sarna, T Kalyanaraman, B AF Zhang, Hao Xu, Yingkia Zielonka, Jacek Wishart, James F. Sarna, Tadeusz Kalyanaraman, B. TI The constrasting influence of cysteine and methionine on nitration of neighboring tyrosine in model peptides SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Biophys, Milwaukee, WI USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. Jagiellonian Univ, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. RI Zielonka, Jacek/N-9546-2014 OI Zielonka, Jacek/0000-0002-2524-0145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S67 EP S67 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600186 ER PT J AU Zielonka, J Sarna, T Roberts, JE Wishart, JF Kalyanaraman, B AF Zielonka, Jacek Sarna, Tadeusz Roberts, Joan E. Wishart, James F. Kalyanaraman, B. TI The reaction of superoxide with hydroethidine and its mitochondria-targeted analog: Pulse radiolysis and steady-state analyses SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Fordham Univ, New York, NY 10023 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RI Zielonka, Jacek/N-9546-2014 OI Zielonka, Jacek/0000-0002-2524-0145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600284 ER PT J AU Habit, E Belk, MC Tuckfield, RC Parra, O AF Habit, E Belk, MC Tuckfield, RC Parra, O TI Response of the fish community to human-induced changes in the Biobio River in Chile SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alien species; Chile; fish community; long-term effects; zonation pattern ID ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; HABITAT; SYSTEM; HEALTH; WATERS; SOUTH AB 1. The Biobio River basin of south-central Chile exhibits the greatest species richness of all rivers in Chile, where it is one of the most important rivers for human use. Use for provision of drinking water, irrigation, sewage effluents, hydropower generation and industry has increased dramatically during the last decade. To help understand the effects of human activities on the Biobio River, we document recent changes in the fish community. 2. In this study, current patterns of distribution and abundance of fishes were compared with the expected longitudinal pattern, and to historical data from studies conducted before the rapid development of the last decade. Fish distribution, biomass, abundance and diversity were studied at eight sampling stations in the middle and lower zones of the river in both high and low flow seasons. 3. Contrary to the pattern observed in less impacted river systems, species richness (S), diversity (H') and abundance [calculated catch per unit effort (CPUE)] all tended to decrease downstream from the uppermost sampling locations. Mean S decreased from 7.9 to 5.4, mean H' decreased from 0.7 to 0.4, and mean CPUE decreased from 111 to 43 from hyporithral to potamal locations. 4. Comparison with previous records indicates loss or reduction in distribution of native species, and a concurrent expansion in distribution and abundance of tolerant introduced species (e.g. Gambusia holbrooki, and Cyprinus carpio) over the last 10-15 years. These comparisons suggest a large-scale and long-term effect of recent human impacts on the river. C1 Univ Concepcion, Unidad Sistemas Acuat, Ctr Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Concepcion, Chile. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Habit, E (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Unidad Sistemas Acuat, Ctr Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. EM ehabit@udec.cl NR 45 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01461.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 991SQ UT WOS:000233834400001 ER PT S AU Wall, ME AF Wall, Michael E. BE ClementeGallardo, J Moreno, Y Lorenzo, JFS VelazquezCampoy, A TI Ligand binding, protein fluctuations, and allosteric free energy SO From Physics to Biology: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN EXPERIMENT AND COMPUTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on From Physics to Biology - The Interface Between Experiment and Computation (BIFI 2006) CY FEB 08-11, 2006 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Univ Zaragoza, Govt Aragon, Ibercaja, Spanish Minist Sci & Educ, Megware Comp GmbH DE Kullback-Leibler divergence; protein conformational distribution; protein dynamics; protein vibrations; allostery; coarse-grained model; molecular engine ID SINGLE-PARAMETER; PLAUSIBLE MODEL; DYNAMICS; ENSEMBLE; TRANSITIONS; EQUALITY; MOTIONS; SITES AB Although the importance of protein dynamics in protein function is generally recognized, the role of protein fluctuations in allosteric effects scarcely has been considered. To address this gap, the Kullback-Leibler divergence (D-x) between protein conformational distributions before and after ligand binding was proposed as a means of quantifying allosteric effects in proteins. Here, previous applications of D-x to methods for analysis and simulation of proteins are first reviewed, and their implications for understanding aspects of protein function and protein evolution are discussed. Next, equations for D-x suggest that k(B)TD(x) should be interpreted as an allosteric free energy - the free energy associated with changing the ligand-free protein conformational distribution to the ligand-bound conformational distribution. This interpretation leads to a thermodynamic model of allosteric transitions that unifies existing perspectives on the relation between ligand binding and changes in protein conformational distributions. The definition of D-x is used to explore some interesting mathematical relations among commonly recognized thermodynamic and biophysical quantities, such as the total free energy change upon ligand binding, and ligand-binding affinities for individual protein conformations. These results represent the beginnings of a theoretical framework for considering the full protein conformational distribution in modeling allosteric transitions. Early applications of the framework have produced results with implications both for methods for coarsed-grained modeling of proteins, and for understanding the relation between ligand binding and protein dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wall, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0350-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 851 BP 16 EP 33 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Computer Science GA BFB53 UT WOS:000240796700002 ER PT B AU Ozpineci, B Chinthavali, MS Tolbert, LM AF Ozpineci, Burak Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan Tolbert, Leon M. BE Iwai, H Nishi, Y Shur, MS Wong, H TI Enhancing power electronic devices with wide bandgap semiconductors SO Frontiers in Electronics SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Frontiers in Electronics (WOFE-04) CY DEC 17-23, 2004 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE EDS, IEEE Sensors Council DE SiC; MOSFET; JFET; Schottky diode ID DIODES AB Silicon carbide (SiC) unipolar devices have much higher breakdown voltages than silicon (Si) unipolar devices because of the ten times greater electric field strength of SiC compared with Si. 4H-SiC unipolar devices have higher switching speeds due to the higher bulk mobility of 4H-SiC compared to other polytypes. In this paper, four commercially available SiC Schottky diodes with different voltage and current ratings, VJFET, and MOSFET samples have been tested to characterize their performance at different temperatures ranging from -50 degrees C to 175 degrees C. Their forward characteristics and switching characteristics in this temperature range are presented. The characteristics of the SiC Schottky diodes are compared with those of a Si pn diode with comparable ratings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozpineci, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Ozpineci, Burak/0000-0002-1672-3348; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-884-0 J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2006 VL 41 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1142/9789812773081_0033 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFC82 UT WOS:000241022300033 ER PT S AU Guttormsen, A Agvaanluvsan, U Chankova, R Hjorth-Jensen, M Rekstad, J Schille, A Siem, S Sunde, AC Syed, NUH Voinov, A AF Guttormsen, A. Agvaanluvsan, U. Chankova, R. Hjorth-Jensen, M. Rekstad, J. Schille, A. Siem, S. Sunde, A. C. Syed, N. U. H. Voinov, A. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Single particle entropy in heated nuclei SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE level density; entropy; thermodynamic ID LEVEL DENSITY AB The thermal motion of single particles represents the largest contribution to level density (or entropy) in atomic nuclei. The concept of single particle entropy is presented and shown to be an approximate extensive (additive) quantity for mid-shell nuclei. A few applications of single particle entropy are demonstrated. C1 [Guttormsen, A.; Chankova, R.; Hjorth-Jensen, M.; Rekstad, J.; Siem, S.; Sunde, A. C.; Syed, N. U. H.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Agvaanluvsan, U.; Schille, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Voinov, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Voinov, A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Guttormsen, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/C-8742-2014 OI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/0000-0002-2188-3709 FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California [W-7405-ENG-48] FX Financial support from the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) is gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 162 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700029 ER PT S AU Wilson, AN Dracoulis, GD Huebel, H Davidson, PM Korichi, A Astier, A Azaiez, A Bazzacco, D Bourgeois, C Byrne, AP Clark, RM Fallon, P Goegen, A Hannach, F Hauschild, K Korten, W Kroell, T Lane, GJ Lopez-Martens, A Macchiavelli, AO Redone, N Reiter, P Rossbach, D Rossi-Alvarez, C Schonwasser, G Singh, AK Stezowski, O Thirolf, PG Ward, D AF Wilson, A. N. Dracoulis, G. D. Huebel, H. Davidson, P. M. Korichi, A. Astier, A. Azaiez, A. Bazzacco, D. Bourgeois, C. Byrne, A. P. Clark, R. M. Fallon, P. Goegen, A. Hannach, F. Hauschild, K. Korten, W. Kroell, T. Lane, G. J. Lopez-Martens, A. Macchiavelli, A. O. Redone, N. Reiter, P. Rossbach, D. Rossi-Alvarez, C. Schonwasser, G. Singh, A. K. Stezowski, O. Thirolf, P. G. Ward, D. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Excitation energies of superdeformed states in the Pb isotopes SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE lead; nuclear superdeformed states; nuclear shape; gamma-ray spectra; nuclear rotational; states; nuclear energy level transitions; yrast states; nuclear isomerism; nuclear binding energies ID BAND; HG-194; DECAYS; PB-194; PARITY; SPINS AB Measurements of the excitation energies of superdeformed states via the observation of single-step linking transitions have now been made in three even-A Pb nuclei, with a quasicontinuum analysis providing a limit in a fourth, odd-A case. These results allow us to take the first steps towards establishing systematic trends in excitation energies and binding energies in the second minimum in Pb isotopes. C1 [Wilson, A. N.; Dracoulis, G. D.; Davidson, P. M.; Byrne, A. P.; Lane, G. J.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPhysSE, Dept Phys Nucl, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wilson, A. N.; Byrne, A. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Huebel, H.; Rossbach, D.; Schonwasser, G.; Singh, A. K.] Univ Bonn, ISKP, Nussallee 11, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Clark, R. M.; Fallon, P.; Goegen, A.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Ward, D.] CSNSM, IN2P3 CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Astier, A.; Redone, N.; Stezowski, O.] Univ Lyon 1, IPN Lyon, IN2P3 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Azaiez, A.; Bourgeois, C.] INP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91406 Orsay, France. [Bazzacco, D.; Rossi-Alvarez, C.] INFN, Dipt Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Clark, R. M.; Fallon, P.; Goegen, A.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Ward, D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Goegen, A.; Hauschild, K.; Korten, W.] CEA, DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kroell, T.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Munich, Germany. [Reiter, P.; Thirolf, P. G.] Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reiter, P.] Univ Cologne, Inst Nucl Phys, Cologne, Germany. [Singh, A. K.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Meterol, Kharagpur, W Bengal, India. RP Wilson, AN (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, RSPhysSE, Dept Phys Nucl, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; OI Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; Wilson, Anna/0000-0001-6928-1689 FU Australian Research Council [DP0451780]; German BMBF [06BN907]; EU [ERBFMGECT98-0145, ERBFMRXCT97-0123]; US Department of Energy [AC03-76SF00098] FX This work has been supported by the Australian Research Council through grant no. DP0451780, by the German BMBF through grant no. 06BN907, by the EU under contracts ERBFMGECT98-0145 and ERBFMRXCT97-0123 and the US Department of Energy under Contract No. AC03-76SF00098. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 273 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700049 ER PT S AU Wuosmaa, AH Rehm, KE Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Jisonna, L Moore, EF Pardo, RC Paul, M Peterson, D Pieper, SC Savard, G Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Sinha, S Tang, X Wiringa, RB AF Wuosmaa, A. H. Rehm, K. E. Greene, J. P. Henderson, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Jiang, C. L. Jisonna, L. Moore, E. F. Pardo, R. C. Paul, M. Peterson, D. Pieper, S. C. Savard, G. Schiffer, J. P. Segel, R. E. Sinha, S. Tang, X. Wiringa, R. B. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Light nuclei studied with nucleon transfer reactions using exotic beams SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE radioactive beams; nucleon transfer; spectroscopic factors ID SHELL AB Single-neutron transfer with the (d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics has been used to study the properties of the light nuclei Li-9 and 7 He. The results for Li-9 and He-7(g.s.) are compared to the predictions of ab-initio models of nuclear structure. Different possibilities for excited states in He-7 are discussed in the context of other recent experimental studies of He-7. C1 [Wuosmaa, A. H.] Western Michigan Univ, Phys Dept, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Rehm, K. E.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Jiang, C. L.; Moore, E. F.; Pardo, R. C.; Peterson, D.; Pieper, S. C.; Savard, G.; Schiffer, J. P.; Sinha, S.; Tang, X.; Wiringa, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Segel, R. E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Phys Dept, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM alan.wuosmaa@wmich.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-04ER41320 (WMU), W-31-109-ENG-38 (ANL), DE-FG02-98ER4106 (NU)] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts. -98ER4106 (NU). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 332 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700059 ER PT S AU Chankova, R Guttormsen, M Schiller, A Sunde, AC Voinov, A Siem, S Agvaanluvsant, U Algin, E AF Chankova, R. Guttormsen, M. Schiller, A. Sunde, A. C. Voinov, A. Siem, S. Agvaanluvsant, U. Algin, E. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Nuclear properties in the vicinity of closed shells SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE level density; entropy; thermodynamics ID LEVEL DENSITY AB In order to learn more about the different properties of the nuclei like, e.g., collective motion, thermo-dynamical behaviour and temperature, level density and gamma-ray strength function, it is important to study the effect of internal excitation energy. When approaching major shell gap, nuclear structure changes significantly. This makes an impact on the level densities and gamma-strength function. Around closed shells, effects from the increasing single particle energy spacing can be expected. These will also influence the entropy difference between odd-mass and even-even nuclei. Therefore, statistical description of the transition from closed shells to deformed nuclei is of great interest. C1 [Chankova, R.; Guttormsen, M.; Sunde, A. C.; Siem, S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Schiller, A.; Agvaanluvsant, U.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L 414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Voinov, A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Sunde, A. C.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Agvaanluvsant, U.; Algin, E.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Algin, E.] Osmangazi Univ, Dept Phys, TR-26480 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Chankova, R (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM rositsa.chankova@fys.uio.no RI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/C-8742-2014 OI Larsen, Ann-Cecilie/0000-0002-2188-3709 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 421 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700080 ER PT S AU Daugas, JM Sawicka, M Pfutzner, A Matea, I Grawe, H Grzywacz, R Achouri, NL Angelique, JC Baiborodin, D Becker, F Belier, G Bentida, R Beraud, R Bingham, C Borcea, C Borcea, R Bouchez, E Buta, A Catford, WN Dragulescu, E Emsallem, A de France, G Giovinazzo, J Girod, M Goutte, H Gorgiev, G Grzywacz-Jones, KL Hammache, F Ibrahim, F Lemmon, RC Lewitowicz, M Lopez-Jimenez, MJ Mayet, P Meot, V Negoita, F de Oliveira-Santos, F Perru, O Regan, PH Roig, O Rykaczewski, K Saint-Laurenet, AG Sauvestre, JE Sletten, G Sorlin, O Stanoiu, M Stefan, I Stodel, C Theisen, C Verney, D Zylicz, J AF Daugas, J. M. Sawicka, M. Pfutzner, A. Matea, I. Grawe, H. Grzywacz, R. Achouri, N. L. Angelique, J. C. Baiborodin, D. Becker, F. Belier, G. Bentida, R. Beraud, R. Bingham, C. Borcea, C. Borcea, R. Bouchez, E. Buta, A. Catford, W. N. Dragulescu, E. Emsallem, A. de France, G. Giovinazzo, J. Girod, M. Goutte, H. Gorgiev, G. Grzywacz-Jones, K. L. Hammache, F. Ibrahim, F. Lemmon, R. C. Lewitowicz, M. Lopez-Jimenez, M. J. Mayet, P. Meot, V. Negoita, F. de Oliveira-Santos, F. Perru, O. Regan, P. H. Roig, O. Rykaczewski, K. Saint-Laurenet, A. G. Sauvestre, J. E. Sletten, G. Sorlin, O. Stanoiu, M. Stefan, I. Stodel, C. Theisen, C. Verney, D. Zylicz, J. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Isomeric island in the vicinity of Fe-66 SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE lifetimes; gamma transitions and level energies; 59 < A < 89 ID BETA-DECAY; DEFORMATION; ISOTOPES AB An island of isomers have recently been observed on both sides of the N=40 shell below the Ni isotopes. Isomeric states in the Fe-65 and Fe-67 allow the knowledge of the single particle structure around the vg(9/2) shell. Moreover, the excitation energy of the first 2+ and 4+ states in the Fe-68 have been established by beta-gamma correlation. The evolution of the structure of the Fe isotopes going far away from the valley of stability is, for the first time, given for N > 40. C1 [Daugas, J. M.; Girod, M.; Goutte, H.; Meot, V.; Perru, O.; Roig, O.; Sauvestre, J. E.] CEA, DIF, DPTA, SPN, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Sawicka, M.; Pfutzner, A.; Grzywacz, R.; Zylicz, J.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Matea, I.; Giovinazzo, J.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Grawe, H.; Becker, F.; Mayet, P.] GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Grzywacz, R.; Bingham, C.; Grzywacz-Jones, K. L.; Rykaczewski, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Achouri, N. L.; Angelique, J. C.] LPC, F-14021 Caen, France. [Baiborodin, D.; de France, G.; Lewitowicz, M.; Lopez-Jimenez, M. J.; de Oliveira-Santos, F.; Saint-Laurenet, A. G.; Sorlin, O.; Stefan, I.; Stodel, C.] GANIL, F-14076 Caen, France. [Bentida, R.; Beraud, R.; Emsallem, A.] Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Borcea, C.; Borcea, R.; Buta, A.; Dragulescu, E.; Negoita, F.] IFIN, Magurele, Romania. [Bouchez, E.; Theisen, C.] CEA, DSM, DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Catford, W. N.; Regan, P. H.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Hammache, F.; Ibrahim, F.; Verney, D.] Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. [Lemmon, R. C.] CCLRC, Surface & Nucl Div, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Sletten, G.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Daugas, JM (reprint author), CEA, DIF, DPTA, SPN, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM jean-michel.daugas@cea.fr RI THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; Hammache, Fairouz/K-6132-2016 OI THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700082 ER PT S AU Eeckhaudt, S Amzal, N Bastin, JE Bouchez, E Butler, PA Chatillon, A Eskola, K Gerl, J Grahn, T Greenlees, PT Gorgen, A Herzberg, RD Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Ikin, PJC Jonest, GD Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Nieminen, P Pakarinen, J Perkowski, J Pritchard, A Reiter, P Rahkila, P Scholey, C Theisen, C Uusitalo, J de Vel, KV Wilson, J AF Eeckhaudt, S. Amzal, N. Bastin, J. E. Bouchez, E. Butler, P. A. Chatillon, A. Eskola, K. Gerl, J. Grahn, T. Greenlees, P. T. Gorgen, A. Herzberg, R. -D. Hessberger, F. P. Hurstel, A. Ikin, P. J. C. Jonest, G. D. Jones, P. Julin, R. Juutinen, S. Kettunen, H. Khoo, T. L. Korten, W. Kuusiniemi, P. Le Coz, Y. Leino, M. Leppanen, A. -P. Nieminen, P. Pakarinen, J. Perkowski, J. Pritchard, A. Reiter, P. Rahkila, P. Scholey, C. Theisen, Ch. Uusitalo, J. de Vel, K. Van Wilson, J. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI In-beam spectroscopy of No-254 SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE heavy elements; in-beam spectroscopy AB Evidence for the presence of non-yrast states in No-254 has been observed in two different in-beam experiments carried out at the University of Jyvaskyla. Firstly an in-beam conversion electron spectroscopic study was performed with the SACRED spectrometer, revealing a distribution consisting of high-multiplicity electron cascades. This provides an indirect proof of the presence of high K-bands in No-254. In a more recent in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic measurement, evidence for the decay of non-yrast states in No-254 has been observed for the first time. It is speculated that the observation of high-energy gamma rays is due to the decay of a K = 3 band-head state. C1 [Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Kettunen, H.; Leino, M.; Leppanen, A. -P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Perkowski, J.; Rahkila, P.; Scholey, C.; Uusitalo, J.; de Vel, K. Van] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35 YFL, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Amzal, N.; Bastin, J. E.; Butler, P. A.; Herzberg, R. -D.; Ikin, P. J. C.; Jonest, G. D.; Pritchard, A.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Bouchez, E.; Butler, P. A.; Gorgen, A.; Hurstel, A.; Korten, W.; Wilson, J.] DAPNIA SPhN, CEA, Saclay, France. [Eskola, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Hessberger, F. P.; Khoo, T. L.; Kuusiniemi, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Reiter, P.] Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Eeckhaudt, S (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35 YFL, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM sarah.eeckhaudt@phys.jyu.fi RI Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 445 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700088 ER PT S AU Krticka, M Becvar, F Heil, M Kappeler, F Reifarth, R Tomandl, I Voss, F Wisshak, K AF Krticka, M. Becvar, F. Heil, M. Kaeppeler, F. Reifarth, R. Tomandl, I. Voss, F. Wisshak, K. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Anomalous neutron radiative capture in Au-197 revisited SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE neutron capture; gamma cascades; pygmy resonance; level density; photon strength function ID GAMMA-CASCADES; RESONANCE; DETECTOR; NUCLEI AB This work is focused on understanding the behavior of the photon strength function of Au-198 using a novel approach based on studying gamma cascades following the neutron capture in Au-197. C1 [Krticka, M.; Becvar, F.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Reifarth, R.; Voss, F.; Wisshak, K.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tomandl, I.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. RP Krticka, M (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. EM krticka@ipnp.troja.mff.cuni.cz RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 481 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700100 ER PT S AU Marrone, S Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Bevcar, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R De Albornoz, AC Cennini, P Chepell, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J David, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Dahlfors, M Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Feffari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fitzpatrick, L Frais-Koelb, H Fujii, K Furman, W Guerrer, C Goncalves, I Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Isaev, S Jericha, E Kadi, Y Kappeler, F Karamanis, D Karadimos, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J MarqueS, L Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Oshima, M Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, CT Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Dillmann, I Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Marrone, S. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Assimakopoulos, P. Audouin, L. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Bevcar, F. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. De Albornoz, A. Carrillo Cennini, P. Chepell, V. Chiaveri, E. Colonna, N. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. David, S. Dolfini, R. Domingo-Pardo, C. Dahlfors, M. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrant, L. Feffari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Fitzpatrick, L. Frais-Koelb, H. Fujii, K. Furman, W. Guerrer, C. Goncalves, I. Goverdovski, A. Gramegna, F. Griesmayer, E. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Isaev, S. Jericha, E. Kadi, Y. Kappeler, F. Karamanis, D. Karadimos, D. Kerveno, M. Ketlerov, V. Koehler, P. Konovalov, V. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lamboudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marques, L. Mastinu, P. Mengoni, A. Milazzo, P. M. Moreau, C. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Oshima, M. Pancin, J. Papachristodoulou, C. Papadopoulos, C. T. Paradela, C. Patronis, N. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perrot, L. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rosetti, M. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Sarchiapone, L. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Dillmann, I. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wendler, H. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. BE Harissopulos, S Demetriou, P Julin, R TI Implications of Sm-151(n,gamma) cross section at n_TOF SO FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (FINUSTAR) CY SEP 12-17, 2005 CL Kos, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Natl Tech Univ Athens DE Sm-151; neutron capture; level density; neutron strength function; nucleosynthesis; s process AB The accurate knowledge of the Sm-151(n,gamma) cross section has important implications for the nuclear technologies as well as for fundamental studies. Due to its radioactivity, the only experimental data available on Sm-151 were derived from a transmission measurement [1]. Nowadays thanks to the innovative features of neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF), it was possible to measure Sm-151(n,gamma) cross section in a wide energy range and with good accuracy [2]. We present, here, the main experimental results together with the implications concerning the nuclear astrophysical part. C1 [Marrone, S.; Colonna, N.; Frais-Koelb, H.; Fujii, K.; Tagliente, G.; Terlizzi, R.] Dipartimento Fis, INFN, Bari, Italy. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H.; Oberhummer, H.] Tech Univ Wien, Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Pavlik, A.] Univ Wien, Inst Isotopenforschung & Kernphys, Vienna, Austria. C, Geneva, Switzerland. [Griesmayer, E.] Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Neustadt, Germany. [Cennini, P.; Chiaveri, E.; Dahlfors, M.; Feffari, A.; Fitzpatrick, L.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Kadi, Y.; Mengoni, A.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.; Wendler, H.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Audouin, L.; David, S.; Ferrant, L.; Isaev, S.; Stephan, C.; Tassan-Got, L.] IPN, Ctr Natl Recherche Sci, IN2P3, Orsay, France. [Baumann, P.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Rudolf, G.] Ctr Natl Recherche Sci, IReS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Berthoumieux, E.; Chepell, V.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.; Plukis, A.] CEA Saclay, DSM, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Heil, M.; Kappeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Dillmann, I.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH FZK, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Assimakopoulos, P.; Karamanis, D.; Karadimos, D.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Patronis, N.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Eleftheriadis, C.; Lamboudis, C.; Savvidis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Rosetti, M.; Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Gramegna, F.; Mastinu, P.] Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Marrone, S.; Colonna, N.; Frais-Koelb, H.; Fujii, K.; Tagliente, G.; Terlizzi, R.] INFN, Dipartimento Fis, Bari, Italy. [Abbondanno, U.; Milazzo, P. M.; Moreau, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Dolfini, R.; Rubbia, C.] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] IRMM, JRC, CEC, Geel, Belgium. [Ferreira-Marques, R.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, LIP Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. [Furman, W.; Konovalov, V.] Joint Nucl Res Inst, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Goverdovski, A.; Ketlerov, V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Embid-Segura, M.; Guerrer, C.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.] Ctr Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales, Madrid, Spain. [Domingo-Pardo, C.; Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Capote, R.; Lozano, M.; Quesada, J.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Alvarez, H.; Duran, I.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain. [Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. [Haight, R.; Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA. [De Albornoz, A. Carrillo; Goncalves, I.; Marques, L.; Salgado, J.; Tavora, L.; Vaz, P.] Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. [Bevcar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Haas, B.] CENBG, Ctr Natl Recherche Scientifique, IN2P3, Bordeaux, France. [Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard Vinci, Courbevoie, France. [Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. [Vannini, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. Univ Turin, INFN, Dipartimento Fis Generale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Oshima, M.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR, Athens, Greece. [Papadopoulos, C. T.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. RP Marrone, S (reprint author), Dipartimento Fis, INFN, Bari, Italy. EM stefano.marrone@ba.infn.it RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Cortes, Guillem/B-6869-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103 FU EC [FIKW-CT-2000-00107] FX This work was supported by the EC under the contract FIKW-CT-2000-00107. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0323-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 831 BP 502 EP 504 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEI38 UT WOS:000237323700107 ER PT J AU Lawrence, E Michailidis, G Nair, VN Xi, BW AF Lawrence, Earl Michailidis, George Nair, Vijayan N. Xi, Bowei BE Fan, J Koul, HL TI Network Tomography: A Review and Recent Developments SO FRONTIERS IN STATISTICS: DEDICATED TO PETER JOHN BICKEL IN HONOR OF HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DELAY DISTRIBUTIONS; LINK DATA; INFERENCE; INTERNET AB The modeling and analysis of computer communications networks give rise to a variety of interesting statistical problems. This chapter focuses on network tomography, a term used to characterize two classes of large-scale inverse problems. The first deals with passive tomography where aggregate data are collected at the individual router/node level and the goal is to recover path-level information. The main problem of interest here is the estimation of the origin-destination traffic matrix. The second, referred to as active tomography, deals with reconstructing link-level information from end-to-end path-level measurements obtained by actively probing the network. The primary application is estimation of quality-of-service parameters such as loss rates and delay distributions. The chapter provides a review of the statistical issues and developments in network tomography with an emphasis on active tomography. An application to internet telephony is used to illustrate the results. C1 [Lawrence, Earl] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Michailidis, George; Nair, Vijayan N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Stat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xi, Bowei] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lawrence, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM earl@lanl.gov; gmichail@umich.edu; vvn@umich.edu; xbw@stat.purdue.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86094-888-6 PY 2006 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.1142/9781860948886_0016 D2 10.1142/9781860948886 PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BYY31 UT WOS:000300715400017 ER PT S AU Vallee, G Scott, SL AF Vallee, Geoffrey Scott, Stephen L. BE Min, G DiMartino, B Yang, LT Guo, M Ruenger, G TI Xen-OSCAR for cluster virtualization SO FRONTIERS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING - ISPA 2006 WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPA 2006 International Conference CY DEC 04-07, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP ISPA DE para-virtualization; Xen; virtual cluster; OSCAR; system software management AB New virtualization solutions such as Xen allow users to execute hundreds of virtual machines on a single physical machine. The interest of these solutions have been proven for system isolation and security features, especially for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), as well as for high performance computing. A natural question is to know if it is possible to use all these virtual machines at the same time, creating a virtual cluster. This might be an interesting solution for the development and the experimentation of cluster applications. This document presents an extension of OSCAR for the deployment and the management of Xen virtual machines. We also analyze in this paper the interest of virtualization for the development, the testing and the experimentation of applications for clusters, in particular with the use of a fully virtualized cluster. C1 [Vallee, Geoffrey; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM valleegr@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX ORNLs work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-49860-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4331 BP 487 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT38 UT WOS:000244504200050 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Lee, TH Chen, L Song, SJ Picciolo, JJ Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U Lee, TH Chen, L Song, SJ Picciolo, JJ Dorris, SE TI Hydrogen separation by dense cermet membranes SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pittsburgh Coal Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN DE dense membranes; cermet; hydrogen permeation ID CONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; DOPANTS AB Novel cermet (i.e. ceramic-metal composite) membranes have been developed to separate hydrogen from mixed gases, particularly product streams generated during coal gasification and/or methane reforming. Hydrogen separation with these membranes is non-galvanic, i.e. it does not use electrodes or an external power supply to drive the separation, and hydrogen selectivity is nearly 100% because the membranes contain no interconnected porosity. The hydrogen permeation rate has been measured as a function of temperature (500-900 degrees C), membrane thickness (approximate to 22-210 mu m), and partial pressure of hydrogen (0.04-1.0 atm) in the feed gas. The hydrogen flux varied linearly with the inverse of membrane thickness, and reached approximate to 20 cm(3) (STP)/min cm(2) for a membrane with a thickness of = 22 mu m at 900 degrees C with 100% H-2 (at ambient pressure) as the feed gas. The results indicate that the hydrogen flux is limited by bulk diffusion and might be higher for a thinner (< 22 mu m) membrane. Some of the membranes were tested in a simulated syngas mixture containing H-2, CO, CO2, and CH4, and showed no degradation in performance. Hydrogen flux measurements made in H2S-contaming atmospheres for times approaching approximate to 270 h showed that a 200-mu m-thick cermet membrane was stable in gases containing up to approximate to 400 ppm H2S. While longer-term studies are needed, these results suggest that the cermet membranes may be suitable for practical hydrogen separation applications. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balu@anl.gov; thlee@anl.gov; ling.chen@anl.gov; song@anl.gov; picciolo@anl.gov; dorris@anl.gov NR 8 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.05.027 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 991EP UT WOS:000233795400006 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Hardy, JS Rice, JP Kim, JY AF Weil, KS Hardy, JS Rice, JP Kim, JY TI Brazing as a means of sealing ceramic membranes for use in advanced coal gasification processes SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pittsburgh Coal Conference CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID OXYGEN-ION CONDUCTORS; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ALLOYS; SOFCS; INTERFACES; GAS; CO2 AB Coal is potentially a very inexpensive source of clean hydrogen fuel for use in fuel cells, turbines, and various process applications. To realize its potential however, efficient low-cost gas separation systems are needed to provide high purity oxygen that will enhance the coal gasification reaction and to extract hydrogen from the resulting gas product stream. Several types of inorganic membranes are being developed for hydrogen or oxygen separation, including porous alumina, transition metal oxide perovskites, and zirconia. Because they form the heart of the working device, numerous advances have been made in the fabrication and performance of these membrane materials. However, less emphasis has been placed on the materials that will be used in the balance of the device; in particular, the seals that bond the functional ceramic to the metallic structural component. In an effort to begin addressing this issue, we have examined ceramic-to-metal brazing as a method of sealing a model set of gas separation component materials: yttria-stabilized zirconia and stainless steel. In comparative high-temperature exposure testing of joints prepared using commercial brazes and a newly conceived braze alloy, the commercial material proved to be unsuitable due to excessive oxidation. On the other hand, the new material not only displayed superior oxidation resistance, but also excellent hermeticity in prototypic membrane testing. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.07.023 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 991EP UT WOS:000233795400007 ER PT B AU Back, BB Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Chetluru, V Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harnarine, I Hauer, M Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Loizides, C Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Creed, R Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Seals, H Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C Vannieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyngaardt, S Wyslough, B AF Back, B. B. Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Harnarine, I. Hauer, M. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Loizides, C. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Creed, R. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. Vannieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslough, B. CA PHOBOS Collaboration BE Astbury, A Khanna, F Moore, R TI Charged particle multiplicities in ultra-relativistic AU+AU and CU+CU collisions SO FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21s Lake Louise Winter Institute Conference on Fundamental Interactions CY FEB 17-23, 2006 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Lake Louise Winter Inst ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB The PHOBOS collaboration has carried out a systematic study of charged particle multiplicities in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. A unique feature of the PHOBOS detector is its ability to measure charged particles over a very wide angular range from 0.5 degrees to 179.5 degrees corresponding to vertical bar eta vertical bar < 5.4. The general features of the charged particle multiplicity distributions as a function of pseudo-rapidity, collision energy and centrality, as well as system size, are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM back@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-367-5 PY 2006 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1142/9789812772541_0006 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA42 UT WOS:000245806200006 ER PT B AU Hast, C AF Hast, C. BE Astbury, A Khanna, F Moore, R TI Lepton flavor violating tau decays at BABAR. SO FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21s Lake Louise Winter Institute Conference on Fundamental Interactions CY FEB 17-23, 2006 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Lake Louise Winter Inst AB We report the results of three searches for lepton-flavor and lepton-number violations in the decay of the tau lepton. The analyses have been performed with around 2 x 10(8) e(+)e(-) -> T+ T- events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV. A search for the nonconservation of lepton flavor number in the decay T-+/- -> mu (+/-) gamma yielded no evidence for a signal and we set an upper limit on the branching ratio of B(T-+/- -> mu (+/-) gamma) < 6.8 X 10(-8) at 90 % confidence level. In the search for the non-conservation of lepton flavor in the decay T-+/- -> e (+/-) gamma we find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching ratio of B(T (+/-) -> e (+/-) gamma) < 1.1 X 10(-7) at 90% confidence level. A search for lepton-flavor and lepton-number violation in the decay of the tau lepton into one charged lepton and two charged hadrons was performed in 14 different decay modes. The observed data are compatible with background expectations, and upper limits are set in the range B(T -> lhh) < (0-7-4.8) X 10(-7) at 90% confidence level. The results of these three analyses have been published in (123). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hast, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hast@slac.stanford.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-367-5 PY 2006 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1142/9789812772541_0024 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA42 UT WOS:000245806200024 ER PT J AU McBreen, J AF McBreen, James BA Bagotsky, VS BF Bagotsky, VS TI Physical Methods for Investigation of Electrode Surfaces SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-REFLECTIVITY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE; SILVER ELECTRODE; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; WATER C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jmcbreen@bnl.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-74199-2 PY 2006 BP 467 EP 519 PG 53 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA BYG59 UT WOS:000298586400029 ER PT J AU Najmabadi, F Abdou, A Bromberg, L Brown, T Chan, VC Chu, MC Dahlgren, F El-Guebaly, L Heitzenroederd, P Henderson, D St John, HE Kessel, CE Lao, LL Longhurst, GR Malang, S Mau, TK Merrill, BJ Miller, RL Mogahed, E Moore, RL Petrie, T Petti, DA Politzer, P Steiner, D Synder, P Syaebler, GM Turnbull, AD Tillack, MS Waganer, LM Wang, X West, P Wilson, P AF Najmabadi, F Abdou, A Bromberg, L Brown, T Chan, VC Chu, MC Dahlgren, F El-Guebaly, L Heitzenroederd, P Henderson, D St John, HE Kessel, CE Lao, LL Longhurst, GR Malang, S Mau, TK Merrill, BJ Miller, RL Mogahed, E Moore, RL Petrie, T Petti, DA Politzer, P Steiner, D Synder, P Syaebler, GM Turnbull, AD Tillack, MS Waganer, LM Wang, X West, P Wilson, P CA ARIES Team TI The ARIES-AT advanced tokamak, advanced technology fusion power plant SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fusion power plant; tokamak; reversed shear plasma ID PERFORMANCE; SHEAR; TRANSPORT AB The ARIES-AT study was initiated to assess the potential of high-performance tokamak plasmas together with advanced technology in a fusion power plant and to identifying physics and technology areas with the highest leverage for achieving attractive and competitive fusion power in order to guide fusion R&D. The 1000-Mwe ARIES-AT design has a major radius of 5.2 m, a minor radius of 1.3 m, a toroidal beta of 9.2% (beta(N) = 5.4) and an on-axis field of 5.6 T. The plasma current is 13 MA and the current-drive power is 35 MW. The ARIES-AT design uses the same physics basis as ARIES-RS, a reversed-shear plasma. A distinct difference between ARIES-RS and ARIES-AT plasmas is the higher plasma elongation of ARIES-AT (K-X = 2.2) which is the result of a "thinner" blanket leading to a large increase in plasma P to 9.2% (compared to 5% for ARIES-RS) with only a slightly higher beta(N). ARIES-AT blanket is a simple, low-pressure design consisting of SiC composite boxes with a SiC insert for flow distribution that does not carry any structural load. The breeding coolant (Pb-17Li) enters the fusion core from the bottom, and cools the first wall while traveling in the poloidal direction to the top of the blanket module. The coolant then returns through the blanket channel at a low speed and is superheated to similar to 1100 degrees C. As most of the fusion power is deposited directly into the breeding coolant, this method leads to a high coolant outlet temperature while keeping the temperature of the SiC structure as well as interface between SiC structure and Pb-17Li to about 1000 degrees C. This blanket is well matched to an advanced Brayton power cycle, leading to an overall thermal efficiency of similar to 59%. The very low afterheat in SiC composites results in exceptional safety and waste disposal characteristics. All of the fusion core components qualify for shallow land burial under U.S. regulations (furthermore, similar to 90% of components qualify as Class-A waste, the lowest level). The ARIES-AT study shows that the combination of advanced tokamak modes and advanced technology leads to an attractive fusion power plant with excellent safety and environmental characteristics and with a cost of electricity (4.7 c/kWh), which is competitive with those projected for other sources of energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. MIT, Plasma & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, 460 EBU 2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fnajmabadi@ucsd.edu RI Abdou, Ali/A-2835-2012 OI Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410; Abdou, Ali/0000-0003-1671-0376 NR 31 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.11.003 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 015AR UT WOS:000235524800002 ER PT J AU Jardin, SC Kessel, CE Mau, TK Miller, RL Najmabadi, F Chan, VS Chu, MS LaHaye, R Lao, LL Petrie, TW Politzer, P St John, HE Snyder, P Staebler, GM Turnbull, AD West, WP AF Jardin, SC Kessel, CE Mau, TK Miller, RL Najmabadi, F Chan, VS Chu, MS LaHaye, R Lao, LL Petrie, TW Politzer, P St John, HE Snyder, P Staebler, GM Turnbull, AD West, WP TI Physics basis for the advanced tokamak fusion power plant, ARIES-AT SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE reactor studies; fusion power plant; advanced tokamak; physics basis ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ION-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; H-MODE PLASMAS; CURRENT-DRIVE; CONFINEMENT DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS; TEST REACTOR; HIGH-DENSITY; PERFORMANCE; STABILIZATION AB The advanced tokamak is considered as the basis for a fusion power plant. The ARIES-AT design has an aspect ratio of A R/a = 4.0, an elongation and triangularity of K = 2.20, delta = 0.90 (evaluated at the separatrix surface), a toroidal beta of beta = 9.1% (normalized to the vacuum toroidal field at the plasma center), which corresponds to a normalized beta beta(N) equivalent to 100 x beta/(I-p(MA)/a(m)B(T)) = 5.4. These beta values are chosen to be 10% below the ideal MHD stability limit. The bootstrap-current fraction is f(BS) equivalent to I-Bs/I-P = 0.91. This leads to a design with total plasma current I-P = 12.8 MA, and toroidal field of 11.1 T (at the coil edge) and 5.8 T (at the plasma center). The major and minor radii are 5.2 and 1.3 m. The effects of H-mode edge gradients and the stability of this configuration to non-ideal modes is analyzed. The current drive system consists of ICRF/FW for on-axis current drive and a Lower Hybrid system for off-axis. Transport projections are presented using the drift-wave based GLF23 model. The approach to power and particle exhaust using both plasma core and scrape-off-layer radiation is presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Jardin, SC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.352 PG 38 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 015AR UT WOS:000235524800003 ER PT J AU Kessel, CE Mau, TK Jardin, SC Najmabadi, E AF Kessel, CE Mau, TK Jardin, SC Najmabadi, E TI Plasma profile and shape optimization for the advanced tokamak power plant, ARIES-AT SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE advanced tokamak; ideal MHD stability; power plant studies ID BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; MAGNETIC SHEAR; STABILITY; MODES; STABILIZATION; OPERATION; TRANSPORT; JT-60U AB An advanced tokamak plasma configuration is developed based on equilibrium, ideal MHD stability, bootstrap current analysis, vertical stability and control, and poloidal field coil analysis. The plasma boundaries used in the analysis are forced to coincide with the 99% flux surface from the free-boundary equilibrium. Using an accurate bootstrap current model and external current drive profiles from ray tracing calculations in combination with optimized pressure profiles, beta(N) values above 7.0 have been obtained. The minimum current drive requirement is found to lie at a lower beta(N) of 6.0. The external kink mode is stabilized by a tungsten shell located at 0.33 times the minor radius and a feedback system. Plasma shape optimization has led to an elongation of 2.2 and triangularity of 0.9 at the separatrix. Vertical stability could be achieved by a combination of tungsten shells located at 0.33 times the minor radius and feedback control coils located behind the shield. The poloidal field coils were optimized in location and current, providing a maximum coil current of 8.6 MA. These developments have led to a simultaneous reduction in the power plant major radius and toroidal field from those found in a previous study [S.C. Jardin, C.E. Kessel, C.G. Bathke, D.A. Ehst, T.K. Mau, E Najmabadi, T.W. Petrie, the ARIES Team, Physics basis for a reversed shear tokamak power plant, Fusion Eng. Design 38 (1997) 27]. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, La Jolla, CA 93037 USA. RP Kessel, CE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ckessel@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.350 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 015AR UT WOS:000235524800004 ER PT J AU Petti, DA Merrill, BJ Moore, RL Longhurst, GR El-Guebaly, L Mogahed, E Henderson, D Wilson, P Abdou, A AF Petti, DA Merrill, BJ Moore, RL Longhurst, GR El-Guebaly, L Mogahed, E Henderson, D Wilson, P Abdou, A TI ARIES-AT safety design and analysis SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE ARIES-AT; loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and loss of flow accident (LOFA); inventories; safety; environment studies ID LITHIUM ALLOY; MELCOR CODE; FUSION AB ARIES-AT is a 1000 MWe conceptual fusion power plant design with a very low projected cost of electricity. The design contains many innovative features to improve both the physics and engineering performance of the system. From the safety and environmental perspective, there is greater depth to the overall analysis than in past ARIES studies. For ARIES-AT, the overall spectrum of off-normal events to be examined has been broadened. They include conventional loss of coolant and loss of flow events, an ex-vessel loss of coolant, and in-vessel off-normal events that mobilize in-vessel inventories (e.g., tritium and tokamak dust) and bypass primary confinement such as a loss of vacuum and an in-vessel loss of coolant with bypass. This broader examination of accidents improves the robustness of the design from the safety perspective and gives additional confidence that the facility can meet the no-evacuation requirement under average weather conditions. We also provide a systematic assessment of the design to address key safety functions such as confinement, decay heat removal, and chemical energy control. In the area of waste management, both the volume of the component and its hazard are used to classify the waste. In comparison to previous ARIES designs, the overall waste volume is less because of the compact design. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Petti@inl.gov RI Abdou, Ali/A-2835-2012; OI Abdou, Ali/0000-0003-1671-0376; Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.351 PG 27 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 015AR UT WOS:000235524800007 ER PT J AU Dahgren, F Brown, T Heitzenroeder, P Bromberg, L AF Dahgren, F Brown, T Heitzenroeder, P Bromberg, L CA ARIES Team TI ARIES-AT magnet systems SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fusion; magnet; superconductivity; ARIES; HTS; YBCO AB This report presents a conceptual design of the magnet systems for an advanced tokamak fusion reactor (ARIES-AT). The main focus of the paper is to anticipate and extrapolate the current state-of-the-art in high temperature superconductors and coil design, and apply them to an advanced commercial fusion reactor concept. The current design point is described and supported with a preliminary structural analysis and a discussion of the merits, performance, and economics of high temperature vs. low temperature superconductors in an advanced fusion reactor design. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dahgren, F (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, NW16-108, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM fdahlgre@pppl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.357 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 015AR UT WOS:000235524800008 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Meier, W Abdel-Khalik, S Bonazza, R Calderoni, P Debonnel, CS Dragojlovic, Z El-Guebaly, L Haynes, D Latkowski, I Olson, C Peterson, PF Reyes, S Sharpe, P Tillack, MS Zaghloul, M AF Raffray, AR Meier, W Abdel-Khalik, S Bonazza, R Calderoni, P Debonnel, CS Dragojlovic, Z El-Guebaly, L Haynes, D Latkowski, I Olson, C Peterson, PF Reyes, S Sharpe, P Tillack, MS Zaghloul, M TI IFE thick liquid wall chamber dynamics: Governing mechanisms and modeling and experimental capabilities SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inertial fusion energy; liquid wall; chamber dynamics ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; TIME-DEPENDENT NEUTRONICS; POWER-PLANT DESIGN; HIF POINT DESIGN; HYLIFE-II; PROTECTION; ABLATION; REACTORS; DENSITY; JETS AB For thick liquid wall concepts, it is important to understand the different mechanisms affecting the chamber dynamics and the state of the chamber prior to each shot as compared with requirements from the driver and target. These include ablation mechanisms, vapor transport and control, and possible aerosol formation, as well as protective jet behavior. This paper focuses on these research topics and aims at identifying the major issues, assessing the latest results, reviewing the capabilities of existing modeling and experimental facilities with respect to addressing remaining issues, and helping guide future analysis and research and development efforts. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dep, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Al Ain 17551, U Arab Emirates. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dep, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM raffray@fusion.ucsd.edu OI Calderoni, Pattrick/0000-0002-2316-6404 NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 001HF UT WOS:000234523500001 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Thio, YCF AF Ryutov, DD Thio, YCF TI Plasma liner with an intermediate heavy shell and thermal pressure drive SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma liner; magnetized target fusion; liner stability ID PHYSICS; FUSION AB One of the challenging problems of magnetized target fusion (MTF) is developing ways to transport energy to the target situated at a distance far enough from the energy source so as to prevent damage to the permanent parts of the source. Several schemes were considered in the past, including the use of particle beams coupled with the inverse diode, mechanical projectiles in combination with magnetocompressional generators, and the plasma liner. In this paper, a possible modification of the original concept of the plasma liner (by Thio et al.) is described. The modification consists of creating a thin, higher-density shell made of a high-Z plasma and accelerating it onto an MTF target by the thermal pressure of hydrogen plasma with a temperature of similar to 10 eV. We discuss constraints on the parameters of this system and evaluate the convergence ratio that can be expected C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 001HF UT WOS:000234523500003 ER PT J AU Jardin, S Miura, Y Noterdaeme, JM Ozeki, T AF Jardin, S Miura, Y Noterdaeme, JM Ozeki, T TI Summary of the International Energy Agency Workshop on burning plasma physics and simulation, July 4-5, 2005 SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Assoc Euratom FOM, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. CRPP EPFL, Assoc Euratom Swiss Confederat, Lausanne, Switzerland. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, Germany. Univ Ghent, EESA, Ghent, Belgium. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Jardin, S (reprint author), FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Assoc Euratom FOM, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 001HF UT WOS:000234523500007 ER PT S AU Esbensen, H Misicu, S AF Esbensen, Henning Misicu, Serban BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Sensitivity to multiphonon excitations and incompressibility in fusion reactions. SO FUSION06: Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure at the Coulomb Barrier SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE coupled-channels calculations; fusion; ion-ion potential; incompressibility ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SUBBARRIER ENERGIES; ION POTENTIALS; NI-58+SN-124; MODEL AB Measured fusion cross sections of medium-heavy nuclei are analyzed in a coupled-channels approach which includes up to two-phonon excitations of the low-lying 2 and 3 states. The fits to the data are poor for the heaviest and softest systems but they improve when excitations of up to four phonons are included. Discrepancies with the data at extreme subbarrier energies can be explained by including the effect of the nuclear incompressibility in the ion-ion potential. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Esbensen, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Misicu, Serban/B-6860-2011 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300002 ER PT S AU Jiang, CL Back, BB Esbensen, H Janssens, RVF Misicu, S Rehm, KE Collon, P Davids, CN Greene, J Henderson, DJ Jisonna, L Kurtz, S Lister, CJ Notani, A Paul, M Pardo, R Peterson, D Seweryniak, D Shumard, B Tang, XD Wang, X Zhu, S AF Jiang, C. L. Back, B. B. Esbensen, H. Janssens, R. V. F. Misicu, S. Rehm, K. E. Collon, P. Davids, C. N. Greene, J. Henderson, D. J. Jisonna, L. Kurtz, S. Lister, C. J. Notani, A. Paul, M. Pardo, R. Peterson, D. Seweryniak, D. Shumard, B. Tang, X. D. Wang, X. Zhu, S. BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Heavy-ion fusion hindrance at extreme sub-barrier energies SO FUSION06: REACTION MECHANISMS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AT THE COULOMB BARRIER SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE sub-barrier fusion; hindrance; astrophysics ID SUB-BARRIER FUSION; COULOMB BARRIER; CROSS-SECTIONS; O-16&O-16; O-16 AB There are many new results in the study of the heavy-ion fusion hindrance phenomenon at extreme sub-barrier energies since Fusion03 [I]. Some of them have been published [2, 3, 4, 5]. Presented are some new results, including the first evidence in fusion hindrance for a system with small negative Q-value, Si-28 + Ni-64 [6], and the impact of fusion hindrance on reactions of interest to astrophysics [7]. C1 [Jiang, C. L.; Back, B. B.; Esbensen, H.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Davids, C. N.; Greene, J.; Henderson, D. J.; Jisonna, L.; Lister, C. J.; Notani, A.; Pardo, R.; Peterson, D.; Seweryniak, D.; Shumard, B.; Tang, X. D.; Wang, X.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Misicu, S.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Bucharest, Romania. [Collon, P.; Kurtz, S.; Wang, X.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jisonna, L.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Notani, A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jiang@phy.anl.gov RI Misicu, Serban/B-6860-2011; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 FU U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No.W-31-109-ENG-38 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 63 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300009 ER PT S AU Liang, JF AF Liang, J. F. BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Fusion induced by medium-mass radioactive ion beams SO FUSION06: Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure at the Coulomb Barrier SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE radioactive ion beam; fusion; fission; evaporation residue ID HEAVY; MODEL AB The use of radioactive ion beams in nuclear physics experiments has increased rapidly in recent years. A variety of short-lived nuclei and beam energies are available. With medium-mass, neutron-rich radioactive nuclei, the influence of neutron excess on fusion and compound nucleus survival can be explored. This can improve our understanding on how to synthesize new neutron-rich heavy nuclei. Fusion induced by medium-mass, neutron-rich radioactive nuclei, S-38, Sn-132,Sn-134, and Te-134 has been measured. Enhanced fusion cross sections were observed in these measurements. However, in most of the cases the enhancement is due to the lowering of the barrier by the larger nuclear sizes except for Sn-134 induced fusion. Results from these experiments and future plans are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300014 ER PT S AU Back, BB Jiang, CL Janssens, RVF Henderson, DJ Shumard, BR Lister, CJ Peterson, D Rehm, KE Tanihata, I Tang, X Wang, X Zhu, S AF Back, B. B. Jiang, C. L. Janssens, R. V. F. Henderson, D. J. Shumard, B. R. Lister, C. J. Peterson, D. Rehm, K. E. Tanihata, I. Tang, X. Wang, X. Zhu, S. BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Fusion-fission of O-16+Au-197 at sub-barrier energies SO FUSION06: Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure at the Coulomb Barrier SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE heavy-ion fusion; fission; cross section; S-factor ID EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS AB The recent discovery of heavy-ion fusion hindrance at far sub-barrier energies has focused much attention on both experimental and theoretical studies of this phenomenon. Most of the experimental evidence comes from medium-heavy systems such as Ni+Ni to Zr+Zr, for which the compound system decays primarily by charged-particle evaporation. In order to study heavier systems, it is, however, necessary to measure also the fraction of the decay that goes into fission fragments. In the present work we have, therefore, measured the fission cross section of O-16+Au-197 down to unprecedented far sub-barrier energies using a large position sensitive PPAC placed at backward angles. The preliminary cross sections will be discussed and compared to earlier studies at near-barrier energies. No conclusive evidence for sub-barrier hindrance was found, probably because the measurements were not extended to sufficiently low energies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300051 ER PT S AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, K. E. BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Reaction studies in nuclear astrophysics SO FUSION06: REACTION MECHANISMS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AT THE COULOMB BARRIER SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE nuclear astrophysics ID P)LI-9 AB Recent astronomical observations from ground and space-based telescopes covering all wavelengths have led to renewed interest in nuclear reactions that power stars and produce the chemical elements in the universe. In our attempt to understand the astronomical observations considerable progress has been made in reaction studies at very low energies, which are typical of the conditions in quiescent nuclear burning. In addition explosive astrophysical scenarios, which occur in novae, supernovae and X-ray bursts are one of the driving forces behind the reaction studies with radioactive beams. Some recent results from experiments with stable and unstable beams will be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rehm@anl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300054 ER PT S AU Shapira, D Liang, JF Gross, CJ Varner, RL Beene, JR Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Hausladen, PA Mueller, PE Stracener, DW Kolata, JJ Amro, H Loveland, W Jones, KL Bierman, JD Caraley, AL AF Shapira, D. Liang, J. F. Gross, C. J. Varner, R. L. Beene, J. R. Galindo-Uribarri, A. del Campo, J. Gomez Hausladen, P. A. Mueller, P. E. Stracener, D. W. Kolata, J. J. Amro, H. Loveland, W. Jones, K. L. Bierman, J. D. Caraley, A. L. BE Corradi, L Fioretto, E Gadea, A Ackermann, D Haas, F Pollarolo, G Scarlassara, F Szilner, S Trotta, M TI Studies of fusion cross sections of Te and Sn isotopes with a Ni-64 target at energies near and below the barrier SO FUSION06: REACTION MECHANISMS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AT THE COULOMB BARRIER SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Reaction Mechanisms and Nuclear Structure CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Coulomb Barrier, Venice, ITALY HO Coulomb Barrier DE radioactive ion beams; fusion; transfer; WKB; sub-barrier ID RADIOACTIVE ION-BEAMS; ENHANCEMENT; NUCLEI AB Evaporation residue (ER) production from several isotopes of Sn and Te bombarding Ni targets at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier was measured. Measured ER data were compared with the predictions of sub-barrier fusion calculated in a WKB approximation. These comparisons are used to study effects of neutron excess and neutron transfer on the sub-barrier fusion cross sections for reactions induced by heavy nuclei. C1 [Shapira, D.; Liang, J. F.; Gross, C. J.; Varner, R. L.; Beene, J. R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; del Campo, J. Gomez; Hausladen, P. A.; Mueller, P. E.; Stracener, D. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolata, J. J.; Amro, H.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Loveland, W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, K. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08856 USA. [Bierman, J. D.] Gonzaga Univ, Phys Dept AD 51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Caraley, A. L.] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0349-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 853 BP 402 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BFA93 UT WOS:000240548300062 ER PT J AU Falgout, RD Jones, JE Yang, UM AF Falgout, RD Jones, JE Yang, UM TI Conceptual interfaces in hypre SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conceptual interfaces; high performance preconditioners; scalable algorithms ID APPROXIMATE INVERSE PRECONDITIONERS; PRIORI SPARSITY PATTERNS; ALGORITHM AB The hypre software library is being developed with the aim of providing scalable solvers for the solution of large, sparse linear systems oil massively parallel computers. To this end, the notion of conceptual interfaces was introduced. These interfaces give applications users a more natural means for describing their linear systems, and provide access to methods Such as geometric multigrid which require additional information beyond just the matrix. This paper discusses the design of the Conceptual interfaces in hypre and illustrates their use with various examples. A brief overview of the solvers and preconditioners available through these interfaces is also given. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yang, UM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM umyang@llnl.gov OI Jones, Jim/0000-0002-0144-6130 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.future.2003.09.006 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 999RS UT WOS:000234408800019 ER PT B AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, Rajan BE Burdyuzha, V TI HIV/AIDS and the future of the poor, illiterate and marginalized populations SO Future of Life and the Future of Our Civilization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on the Future of Life and the Future of our Civilization CY MAY, 2005 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Burdyzha, Vladimir/M-6329-2015 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-40204-967-6 PY 2006 BP 379 EP 400 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4968-2_46 PG 22 WC Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFN78 UT WOS:000243354300046 ER PT S AU Peterson, LE Coleman, MA AF Peterson, LE Coleman, MA BE Bloch, I Petrosino, A Tettamanzi, AGB TI Comparison of gene identification based on artificial neural network pre-processing with k-means cluster and principal component analysis SO FUZZY LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Fuzzy Logic and Applications CY SEP 15-17, 2005 CL Crema, ITALY SP Gruppo Italiano Ricercatori Pattern Recognit, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Soc Italiana Reti Neuroniche, Genetica srl ID MICROARRAY DATA; FEATURE-SELECTION; EXPRESSION DATA; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; LYMPHOMA AB A combination of gene ranking, dimensional reduction, and recursive feature elimination (RFE) using a BP-MLP artificial neural network (ANN) was used to select genes for DNA microarray classification. Use of k-means cluster analysis for dimensional reduction and maximum sensitivity for RIFE resulted in 64-gene models with fewer invariant and correlated features when compared with PCA and mimimum error. In conclusion, k-means cluster analysis and sensitivity may be better suited for classifying diseases for which gene expression is more strongly influenced by pathway heterogeneity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, LE (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM peterson@bcm.tmc.edu OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018; Peterson, Leif/0000-0002-1187-0883 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-32529-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2006 VL 3849 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEA52 UT WOS:000236462400033 ER PT S AU Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, D Wagner, B Davis, RF AF Liliental-Weber, Z. Zakharov, D. Wagner, B. Davis, R. F. BE Litton, CW Grote, JG Morkoc, H Madhukar, A TI TEM studies of laterally overgrown GaN layers grown in polar and non-polar direction - art. no. 612101 SO Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE lateral overgrowth; polar and non-polar substrates; structural quality; transmission electron microscopy; pendeo epitaxy ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; THREADING DISLOCATION DENSITY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FILMS; QUALITY AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study pendeo-epitaxial GaN layers grown on polar and non-polar 4H SiC substrates. The structural quality of the overgrown layers was evaluated using a number of TEM methods. Growth of pendeo-epitaxial layers on polar substrates leads to better structural quality of the overgrown areas, however edge-on dislocations are found at the meeting fronts of two wings. Some misorientation between the "seed" area and wing area was detected by Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction. Growth of pendeo-epitaxial layers on non-polar substrates is more difficult. Two wings on the opposite site of the seed area grow in two different polar directions with different growth rates and wings grown with Ga polarity are 17 times wider than wings grown with N-polarity, making coalescence of these layers difficult. Most dislocations in a wing grown with Ga polarity bend in a direction parallel to the substrate, but some of them also propagate to the sample surface. Stacking faults formed on the c-plane and prismatic plane occasionally were found in the wings. Some misorientation between the wings and seed was detected using Large Angle Convergent Beam Diffraction. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6163-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6121 BP 12101 EP 12101 AR 612101 DI 10.1117/12.659227 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BEH87 UT WOS:000237285900001 ER PT S AU Sakamoto, T Barbier, L Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Fenimore, E Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, H Markwardt, C Palmer, D Parsons, A Sato, G Tueller, J Aptekar, R Cline, T Golenetskii, S Mazets, E Pal'shin, V Ricker, G Lamb, D Atteia, JL Kawai, N AF Sakamoto, T. Barbier, L. Barthelmy, S. Cummings, J. Fenimore, E. Gehrels, N. Hullinger, D. Krimm, H. Markwardt, C. Palmer, D. Parsons, A. Sato, G. Tueller, J. Aptekar, R. Cline, T. Golenetskii, S. Mazets, E. Pal'shin, V. Ricker, G. Lamb, D. Atteia, J. -L. Kawai, N. CA Swift-BAT Konus-Wind Team, H2 BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI Are short GRBs really hard? SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE prompt gamma-ray emission; short GRBs ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB Thanks to the rapid position notice and response by HETE-2 and Swift, the X-ray afterglow emissions have been found for four recent short gamma-raybursts (GRBs; GRB 050509b, GRB 050709, GRB 050724, and GRB 050813). The positions of three out of four short GRBs are coincident with galaxies with no current or recent star formation. This discovery tightens the case for a different origin for short and long GRBs. On the other hand, from the prompt emission point of view, a short GRB shows a harder spectrum comparing to that of the long duration GRBs according to the BATSE observations. We investigate the prompt emission properties of four short GRBs observed by Swift/BAT. We found that the hardness of all four BAT short GRBs is in between the BATSE range for short and long GRBs. We will discuss the spectral properties of short GRBs including the short GRB sample of Konus-Wind and HETE-2 to understand the hard nature of the BATSE short GRBs. C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Barbier, L.; Barthelmy, S.; Cummings, J.; Gehrels, N.; Hullinger, D.; Krimm, H.; Markwardt, C.; Parsons, A.; Tueller, J.; Cline, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Cummings, J.] CNR, Washington, DC USA. [Fenimore, E.; Palmer, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hullinger, D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Krimm, H.; Markwardt, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Maryland, MA USA. [Sato, G.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Golenetskii, S.; Mazets, E.; Pal'shin, V.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Ricker, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lamb, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Atteia, J. -L.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse, France. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Aptekar, Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000005 ER PT S AU Casanova, S Dingus, B AF Casanova, Sabrina Dingus, Brenda BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI Constraints on TeV emission from GRBs from the GeV extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray flux SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE GRB high energy gamma emission ID HIGH-ENERGY; LONG-DURATION; BURST; LUMINOSITY; SPECTRUM; FIELDS AB TeV gamma rays emitted by GRBs are converted into electron-positron pairs through absorption processes off the extragalactic infrared radiation fields. In turn the pairs produced, whose trajectories are randomized by magnetic fields, inverse Compton scatter off the cosmic microwave background photons. The beamed TeV gamma ray flux from GRBs is thus transformed into a GeV energy isotropic flux, which contributes to the total extragalactic gamma-ray background emission. Assuming a model for the extragalactic radiation fields, for the GRB redshift distribution and for the GRB luminosity function, we use the measured GRB flux in MeV range to set upper limits on the GRB emission in the TeV energy range that is predicted in several models. C1 [Casanova, Sabrina; Dingus, Brenda] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Casanova, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; OI Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 113 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000018 ER PT S AU Nakagawa, YE Yoshida, A Maetou, M Suzuki, M Tamagawa, T Sakamoto, T Kawai, N Shirasaki, Y Tanaka, K Matsuoka, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Atteia, JL Hurley, K Ricker, GR AF Nakagawa, Y. E. Yoshida, A. Maetou, M. Suzuki, M. Tamagawa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kawai, N. Shirasaki, Y. Tanaka, K. Matsuoka, M. Fenimore, E. E. Galassi, M. Atteia, J. -L. Hurley, K. Ricker, G. R. BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI Temporal and spectral analyses of SGRs observed by HETE-2 SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE neutron stars ID RAY; SGR-1900+14; BURST; PERFORMANCE; FREGATE AB HETE-2 localized 63 flares from SGR1806-20 and 6 flares from SGR1900+14 in the summer periods from June 18 2001 through August 7 2005. We report on the temporal and spectral analyses of short flares from those SGRs. The estimation of T-90 durations in 2-30 keV and 30-100 keV revealed that there is no difference between them with a few exceptions. For these exceptional short flares, there seems softening or possibly hardening during flares, but these spectral evolution are not common. We also found a good linear correlation between the rise and decay time, and they do not depend on a peak flux. We also found that the spectra are well reproduced by a sum of two blackbody models for all short flares. The temperatures are lying around 4 keV and I I keV which are consistent with previous studies. T'hey are not depend on either the magnitude of flare, the event morphology or the source. C1 [Nakagawa, Y. E.; Yoshida, A.; Maetou, M.; Tanaka, K.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Suzuki, M.; Tamagawa, T.] RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Sakamoto, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Shirasaki, Y.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsuoka, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3048505, Japan. [Fenimore, E. E.; Galassi, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Atteia, J. -L.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ricker, G. R.] MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nakagawa, YE (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 173 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000033 ER PT S AU Wozniak, PR Vestrand, WT Evans, S White, R Wren, J AF Wozniak, P. R. Vestrand, W. T. Evans, S. White, R. Wren, J. BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI Automated detection of optical counterparts to GRBs with RAPTOR SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE gamma-ray bursts; optical transients; automated detection AB The RAPTOR system (RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response) is an array of several distributed robotic telescopes that automatically respond to GCN localization alerts. Raptor-S is a 0.4-m telescope with 24 arc min. field of view employing a 1k x 1k Marconi CCD detector and has already detected prompt optical emission from several GRBs within the first minute of the explosion. We present a real-time data analysis and alert system for automated identification of optical transients in Raptor-S GRB response data down to the sensitivity limit of similar to 19 mag. Our custom data processing pipeline is designed to minimize the time required to reliably identify transients and extract actionable information. The system utilizes a networked PostgreSQL database server for catalog access and distributes email alerts with successful detections. C1 [Wozniak, P. R.; Vestrand, W. T.; Evans, S.; White, R.; Wren, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wozniak, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at LANL; Oppenheimer Fellowship FX This work was performed as part of the Thinking Telescopes project supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at LANL. PRW was partially supported by the Oppenheimer Fellowship. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 345 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000068 ER PT S AU Cusumano, G Mangano, V Chincarini, G Panaitescu, A Burrows, DN La Parola, V Sakamoto, T Campana, S Mineo, T Tagliaferri, G Angelini, L Barthelemy, SD Beardmore, AP Boyd, PT Cominsky, LR Gronwall, C Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Giommi, P Goad, M Hurley, K Kennea, JA Mason, KO Marshall, F Meszaros, P Nousek, JA Osborne, JP Palmer, DM Roming, PWA Wells, A White, NE Zhang, B AF Cusumano, G. Mangano, V. Chincarini, G. Panaitescu, A. Burrows, D. N. La Parola, V. Sakamoto, T. Campana, S. Mineo, T. Tagliaferri, G. Angelini, L. Barthelemy, S. D. Beardmore, A. P. Boyd, P. T. Cominsky, L. R. Gronwall, C. Fenimore, E. E. Gehrels, N. Giommi, P. Goad, M. Hurley, K. Kennea, J. A. Mason, K. O. Marshall, F. Meszaros, P. Nousek, J. A. Osborne, J. P. Palmer, D. M. Roming, P. W. A. Wells, A. White, N. E. Zhang, B. BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI GRB 050904: The oldest cosmic explosion ever observed in the Universe SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE gamma ray bursts; X-rays ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ENERGY; ENERGETICS; SPECTRA; JETS AB Swift discovered the high redshift (z=6.29) GRB 050904 with the Burst Alert Telescope and began observing with its narrow field instruments only 161 s after the burst onset. GRB 050904 was a long, multi-peaked, bright GRB with a presence of flaring activity lasting up to 1-2 hours after the burst onset. The spectral energy distribution shows a clear softening trend along the burst evolution with a photon index decreasing from -1.2 up to -1.9. The observed variability is more dramatic than the typical Swift afterglow, the amplitude and rise/fall times of the flares are consistent with the behavior of nearby (z <= 1) long GRBs and suggest the interpretation of the BAT and XRT data as a single continuous observation of long lasting prompt emission. C1 [Cusumano, G.; Mangano, V.; La Parola, V.; Mineo, T.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Chincarini, G.; Campana, S.; Tagliaferri, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astronom Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Chincarini, G.] Univ Degil Studi Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Panaitescu, A.; Palmer, D. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Burrows, D. N.; Gronwall, C.; Kennea, J. A.; Meszaros, P.; Roming, P. W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Angelini, L.; Barthelemy, S. D.; Boyd, P. T.; Gehrels, N.; Marshall, F.; White, N. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Goad, M.; Osborne, J. P.; Wells, A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Fenimore, E. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mason, K. O.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cusumano, G (reprint author), INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. RI Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; OI La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990 FU ASI; NASA; PPARC FX The authors acknowledge support from ASI, NASA and PPARC. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 564 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000105 ER PT S AU McConnell, ML Bloser, PF Caset, GL Cherryl, ML Cravens, J Guzik, TG Hurley, K Kippen, RM Macri, JR Miller, RS Paciesas, W Ryan, JM Schaefer, B Stacy, JG Vestrand, WT Wefel, JP AF McConnell, M. L. Bloser, P. F. Case, G. L. Cherry, M. L. Cravens, J. Guzik, T. G. Hurley, K. Kippen, R. M. Macri, J. R. Miller, R. S. Paciesas, W. Ryan, J. M. Schaefer, B. Stacy, J. G. Vestrand, W. T. Wefel, J. P. BE Holt, SS Gehrels, N Nousek, JA TI The CASTER black hole finder probe SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Maryland, Gen Dynam DE x-ray instrumentation; gamma-ray instrumentation; x-ray sources; gamma-ray sources; black holes ID SCINTILLATOR AB The primary scientific mission of the Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP), part of the NASA Beyond Einstein program, is to survey the local Universe for black holes over a wide range of mass and accretion rate. One approach to such a survey is a hard X-ray coded-aperture imaging mission operating in the 10-600 keV energy band. The development of new inorganic scintillator materials provides improved performance that is well suited to the BHFP science requirements. Detection planes formed with these materials coupled with a new generation of readout devices represent a major advancement in the performance capabilities of scintillator-based gamma cameras. Here, we discuss the Coded Aperture Survey Telescope for Energetic Radiation (CASTER), a concept that represents a BHFP based on the use of the latest scintillator technology. C1 [McConnell, M. L.; Bloser, P. F.; Macri, J. R.; Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Case, G. L.; Cherry, M. L.; Guzik, T. G.; Schaefer, B.; Stacy, J. G.; Wefel, J. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Case, G. L.; Stacy, J. G.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Cravens, J.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kippen, R. M.; Vestrand, W. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Miller, R. S.; Paciesas, W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP McConnell, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU NASA [NNG04GH78G, NNG05WC26G]; US Dept. of Energy [DE-FC52-04-NA25683] FX The CASTER mission concept study has been supported by NASA grant NNG04GH78G. Some of this work is also supported at UNH by NASA grant NNG05WC26G and at LSU by US Dept. of Energy NNSA Cooperative Agreement DE-FC52-04-NA25683. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0326-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 836 BP 696 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEM37 UT WOS:000238125000130 ER PT S AU Jones, RE van Genuchten, HCM Li, SX Hsu, L Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Jones, R. E. van Genuchten, H. C. M. Li, S. X. Hsu, L. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. Lu, H. Schaff, W. J. BE Kuball, M Myers, TH Redwing, JM Mukai, T TI Electron transport properties of InN SO GAN, AIN, INN AND RELATED MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN, AIN, InN Related Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB High-energy particle irradiation has been, used to control the free electron concentration and electron mobility in InN by introducing native point defects that act as donors. A direct comparison between theoretical calculations and the experimental electron mobility suggests that scattering by triply-charged donor defects limits the mobility in irradiated samples across the entire range of electron concentrations studied. Thermal annealing of irradiated films in the temperature range 425 degrees C to 475 degrees C results in large increases in the electron mobility that approach the values predicted for singly-ionized donor defect scattering. It is suggested that the radiation-induced donor defects are stable, singly-charged nitrogen vacancies, and triply-qharged, relaxed indium vacancy complexes that are removed by the annealing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jones, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-846-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 892 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BEG53 UT WOS:000237224500015 ER PT S AU Kaplar, RJ Kurtz, SR Koleske, DD AF Kaplar, R. J. Kurtz, S. R. Koleske, D. D. BE Kuball, M Myers, TH Redwing, JM Mukai, T TI Quantum-confined stark effect and polarization field in single quantum well InGaN/GaN LEDs SO GaN, AIN, InN and Related Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN, AIN, InN Related Materials held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID PIEZOELECTRIC FIELD; BAND OFFSETS; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; LOCALIZATION; EPILAYERS; ALN AB Based on the wurtzite crystal structure, large (MV/cm) polarization-induced electric fields are known to exist in InGaN single quantum wells (SQWs) grown perpendicular to the GaN c-axis, and these fields may impact optical device performance due to the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). In general, the QCSE has experimentally been found to be smaller than the theoretical value expected for a coherently strained InGaN QW, and subsequently the InGaN/GaN QW polarization field is often under-estimated as well. In this study, we measure the QCSE in modulation-doped, InGaN/GaN SQW LEDs. The well-behaved capacitance-voltage (majority-carrier) characteristics of these devices allow us to unambiguously determine the applied field with bias. With this analysis, we de-couple the QCSE from the QW polarization field and show that although the applied field approaches the opposing QW polarization field theoretical value (i.e., flatband), the QCSE remains too small. We propose a localized-hole picture of the InGaN QW which explains our optical and electrical measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaplar, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-846-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 892 BP 813 EP 823 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BEG53 UT WOS:000237224500121 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Webb, SW AF Ho, Clifford K. Webb, Stephen W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI Gas Transport in Porous Media INTRODUCTION SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Webb, Stephen W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 1 EP 2 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500001 ER PT B AU Webb, SW AF Webb, Stephen W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI GAS TRANSPORT MECHANISMS SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-PERMEABILITY GRAPHITE; ORGANIC VAPOR TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; GASEOUS DIFFUSION; EQUATION DEVELOPMENT; PRESSURE GRADIENTS; TURBULENCE MODEL; UNIFORM PRESSURE; WATER-MOVEMENT; FLOW C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 5 EP 26 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500002 ER PT B AU Ho, CK AF Ho, Clifford K. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI VAPOR TRANSPORT PROCESSES SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POROUS-MEDIA; DESERT SOILS; LIQUID; WATER; SIMULATIONS; EVAPORATION; EXTRACTION; MOVEMENT; TRACERS; TRITIUM C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 27 EP 46 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500003 ER PT B AU Webb, SW AF Webb, Stephen W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI TWO-PHASE GAS TRANSPORT SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TRACE ORGANICS; UNSATURATED SOILS; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; SUBSURFACE; CHEMICALS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 55 EP 70 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500005 ER PT B AU Persoff, P AF Persoff, Peter BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI UNSTABLE AND FINGERING GAS FLOW IN FRACTURES SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Persoff, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 169 EP 178 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500009 ER PT B AU Tidwell, VC AF Tidwell, Vincent C. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI SCALING ISSUES IN POROUS AND FRACTURED MEDIA SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; LAKE TRACER TESTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SUBSURFACE FLOWS; SAND AQUIFER C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tidwell, VC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 201 EP 211 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500011 ER PT B AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, Karsten BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI NUMERICAL CODES FOR CONTINUUM MODELING OF GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESERVOIRS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 213 EP 220 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500012 ER PT B AU Stockman, HW AF Stockman, Harlan W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR CALCULATING FLUID FLOW AND DISPERSION IN POROUS AND FRACTURED MEDIA SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PACKED-BEDS; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; EQUATION; SPHERES; MODELS; GAS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stockman, HW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 221 EP 242 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500013 ER PT B AU Tidwell, VC AF Tidwell, Vincent C. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI AIR PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN POROUS MEDIA SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAS-FLOW; MINIPERMEAMETER; EXTRACTION; TESTS; TUFF; INVERSION; INJECTION; PRESSURE; ROCKS; WELL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tidwell, VC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 273 EP 278 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500015 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Kelly, M Itamura, MT AF Ho, Clifford K. Kelly, Michael Itamura, Michael T. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI MEASUREMENT OF VAPOR CONCENTRATIONS SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SENSORS C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Kelly, Michael; Itamura, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 303 EP 318 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500018 ER PT B AU Arnold, BW AF Arnold, Bill W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI RADON TRANSPORT SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Arnold, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 333 EP 337 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500020 ER PT B AU Phelan, JM AF Phelan, James M. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI GAS TRANSPORT ISSUES IN LANDMINE DETECTION SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TRACE ORGANICS; SOIL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 339 EP 351 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500021 ER PT B AU Tsang, YYW AF Tsang, Yvonne Y. W. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI YUCCA MOUNTAIN HEATER TESTS SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, YYW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 371 EP 383 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500023 ER PT B AU Vaughn, P AF Vaughn, Palmer BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI IMPACT OF GAS GENERATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PLANT SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vaughn, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 385 EP 406 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500024 ER PT B AU Borns, DJ AF Borns, David J. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS OF GAS FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Borns, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 407 EP 417 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500025 ER PT B AU Oldenburg, CM AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. BE Ho, CK Webb, SW TI GEOLOGIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION: CO2 TRANSPORT IN DEPLETED GAS RESERVOIRS SO GAS TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA SE Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL-GAS; RECOVERY; DIFFUSION; DIOXIDE; STORAGE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3961-4 J9 THEOR APPL TRANS POR PY 2006 VL 20 BP 419 EP 425 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BKC34 UT WOS:000267751500026 ER PT B AU Patton, RM Potok, TE AF Patton, Robert M. Potok, Thomas E. BE Keijzer, M TI Characterizing large text corpora using a maximum variation sampling genetic algorithm SO GECCO 2006: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Vol 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP ACM SIGEVO DE text analysis; parallel genetic algorithm; intelligent agents AB There exists an enormous amount of information available via the Internet. Much of this data is in the form of text-based documents. These documents cover a variety of topics that are vitally important to the scientific, business, and defense/security communities. Currently, there are a many techniques for processing and analyzing such data. However, the ability to quickly characterize a large set of documents still proves challenging. Previous work has successfully demonstrated the use of a genetic algorithm for providing a representative subset for text documents via adaptive sampling. In this work, we further expand and explore this approach on much larger data sets using a parallel Genetic Algorithm (GA) with adaptive parameter control. Experimental results are presented and discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Patton, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Patton, Robert/0000-0002-8101-0571; Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-186-3 PY 2006 BP 1877 EP 1878 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGR10 UT WOS:000249917300283 ER PT S AU Cotlet, M Habuchi, S Whitier, JE Werner, JH Schryver, FC Hofkens, J Goodwin, PM AF Cotlet, Mircea Habuchi, Satoshi Whitier, Jennifer E. Werner, James H. De Schryver, Frans C. Hofkens, Johan Goodwin, Peter M. BE Savitsky, AP Wachter, RM TI Single molecule spectroscopic characterization of a far-red fluorescent protein (HcRed) from the anthozoa coral Heteractis crispa - art. no. 609804 SO Genetically Engineered Probes for Biomedical Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Genetically Engineered Probes for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHROMOPHORE; OLIGOMERIZATION; GENERATION; EXCITATION; ENSEMBLE; REVEALS; PROBE AB We report on the photophysical properties of a far-red intrinsic fluorescent protein by means of single molecule and ensemble spectroscopic methods. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria is a popular fluorescent marker with genetically encoded fluorescence and which can be fused to any biological structure without affecting its function. GFP and its variants provide emission colors from blue to yellowish green. Red intrinsic fluorescent proteins from Anthozoa species represent a recent addition to the emission color palette provided by GFPs. Red intrinsic fluorescent markers are on high demand in protein-protein interaction studies based on fluorescence-resonance energy transfer or in multicolor tracking studies or in cellular investigations where autofluorescence possesses a problem. Here we address the photophysical properties of a far-red fluorescent protein (HcRed), a mutant engineered from a chromoprotein cloned from the sea anemone Heteractis crispa, by using a combination of ensemble and single molecule spectroscopic methods. We show evidence for the presence of HcRed protein as an oligomer and for incomplete maturation of its chromophore. Incomplete maturation results in the presence of an immature (yellow) species absorbing/fluorescing at 490/530-nm. This yellow chromophore is involved in a fast resonance-energy transfer with the mature (purple) chromophore. The mature chromophore of HcRed is found to adopt two conformations, a Trans-oriented form absorbing and 565-nm and non-fluorescent in solution and a Cis-oriented form absorbing at 590-nm and emitting at 645-nm. These two forms co-exist in solution in thermal equilibrium. Excitation-power dependence fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of HcRed shows evidence for singlet-triplet transitions in the microseconds time scale and for cis-trans isomerization occurring in a time scale of tens of microseconds. Single molecule fluorescence data recorded from immobilized HcRed proteins, all point to the presence of two classes of molecules: proteins with Cis and Trans-oriented chromophores. Immobilization of HcRed in water-filled pores of polyvinyl alcohol leads to a polymer matrix - protein barrel interaction which results in a 'freezing' of the chromophore in a stable conformation for which non-radiative deactivation pathways are either suppressed or reduced. As a result, proteins with both Cis- and Trans-oriented chromophores can be detected at the single molecule level. Polymer chain motion is suggested as a mediator for an eventual cis-trans isomerization of the chromophore in the case of single immobilized proteins. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cotlet, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cotlet, Mircea/C-5004-2008; OI Habuchi, Satoshi/0000-0002-6663-2807; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913; Hofkens, Johan/0000-0002-9101-0567 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6140-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6098 BP 9804 EP 9804 AR 609804 DI 10.1117/12.646811 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BEL26 UT WOS:000237705900003 ER PT J AU Aragon, AD Quinones, GA Thomas, EV Roy, S Werner-Washburne, M AF Aragon, AD Quinones, GA Thomas, EV Roy, S Werner-Washburne, M TI Release of extraction-resistant mRNA in stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a massive increase in transcript abundance in response to stress SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSING BODIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO; YEAST; GLUTATHIONE; PATHWAY; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: As carbon sources are exhausted, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exhibit reduced metabolic activity and cultures enter the stationary phase. We asked whether cells in stationary phase cultures respond to additional stress at the level of transcript abundance. Results: Microarrays were used to quantify changes in transcript abundance in cells from stationary phase cultures in response to stress. More than 800 mRNAs increased in abundance by one minute after oxidative stress. A significant number of these mRNAs encode proteins involved in stress responses. We tested whether mRNA increases were due to new transcription, rapid poly-adenylation of message (which would not be detected by microarrays), or potential release of mature mRNA present in the cell but resistant to extraction during RNA isolation. Examination of the response to oxidative stress in an RNA polymerase II mutant, rpb1-1, suggested that new transcription was not required. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of a subset of these transcripts further suggested that the transcripts present in isolated total RNA from stationary phase cultures were polyadenylated. In contrast, over 2,000 transcripts increased after protease treatment of cell-free lysates from stationary phase but not exponentially growing cultures. Different subsets of transcripts were released by oxidative stress and temperature upshift, suggesting that mRNA release is stress-specific. Conclusions: Cells in stationary phase cultures contain a large number of extraction-resistant mRNAs in a protease-labile, rapidly releasable form. The transcript release appears to be stress-specific. We hypothesize that these transcripts are associated with P-bodies. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Stanford Univ, Canc Biol Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Werner-Washburne, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maggieww@unm.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R25 GM060201, GM60201, GM67593, R01 GM067593] NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 AR R9 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-2-r9 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 039IF UT WOS:000237298500006 PM 16507144 ER PT J AU Aragon, AD Quinones, GA Thomas, EV Roy, S Werner-Washburne, M AF Aragon, Anthony D. Quinones, Gabriel A. Thomas, Edward V. Roy, Sushmita Werner-Washburne, Margaret TI Release of extraction-resistant mRNA in stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a massive increase in transcript abundance in response to stress (vol 7, pg 9, 2006) SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Stanford Univ, Canc Biol Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Werner-Washburne, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maggieww@unm.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 AR 403 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-403 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 095QN UT WOS:000241322800010 ER PT J AU Arkin, AP Fletcher, DA AF Arkin, Adam P. Fletcher, Daniel A. TI Fast, cheap and somewhat in control SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID STOCHASTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; NETWORKS; NOISE; RECOMBINANT; STRATEGIES; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB Efforts to manipulate living organisms have raised the question of whether engineering principles of hierarchy, abstraction and design can be applied to biological systems. Here, we consider the practical challenges to controlling living organisms that must be surmounted, or at least managed, if synthetic biology and cellular bioengineering are to be productive. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 AR 114 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-114 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 095QN UT WOS:000241322800002 PM 16942631 ER PT J AU Keranen, SVE Fowlkes, CC Luengo Hendriks, CL Sudar, D Knowles, DW Malik, J Biggin, MD AF Keranen, Soile V. E. Fowlkes, Charless C. Luengo Hendriks, Cris L. Sudar, Damir Knowles, David W. Malik, Jitendra Biggin, Mark D. TI Three-dimensional morphology and gene expression in the Drosophila blastoderm at cellular resolution II: dynamics SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTRULATION-DEFECTIVE LOCUS; EMBRYONIC PATTERN-FORMATION; DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS; MELANOGASTER; PROTEIN; TOLL; CHROMOSOME; MUTATIONS; DOMINANT AB Background: To accurately describe gene expression and computationally model animal transcriptional networks, it is essential to determine the changing locations of cells in developing embryos. Results: Using automated image analysis methods, we provide the first quantitative description of temporal changes in morphology and gene expression at cellular resolution in whole embryos, using the Drosophila blastoderm as a model. Analyses based on both fixed and live embryos reveal complex, previously undetected three-dimensional changes in nuclear density patterns caused by nuclear movements prior to gastrulation. Gene expression patterns move, in part, with these changes in morphology, but additional spatial shifts in expression patterns are also seen, supporting a previously proposed model of pattern dynamics based on the induction and inhibition of gene expression. We show that mutations that disrupt either the anterior/posterior ( a/p) or the dorsal/ventral ( d/v) transcriptional cascades alter morphology and gene expression along both the a/p and d/v axes in a way suggesting that these two patterning systems interact via both transcriptional and morphological mechanisms. Conclusion: Our work establishes a new strategy for measuring temporal changes in the locations of cells and gene expression patterns that uses fixed cell material and computational modeling. It also provides a coordinate framework for the blastoderm embryo that will allow increasingly accurate spatio-temporal modeling of both the transcriptional control network and morphogenesis. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Biggin, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MDBiggin@lbl.gov RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM070444, GM704403] NR 46 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 12 AR R124 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-12-r124 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132UG UT WOS:000243967100018 PM 17184547 ER PT J AU Luengo Hendriks, CL Keranen, SVE Fowlkes, CC Simirenko, L Weber, GH DePace, AH Henriquez, C Kaszuba, DW Hamann, B Eisen, MB Malik, J Sudar, D Biggin, MD Knowles, DW AF Luengo Hendriks, Cris L. Keranen, Soile V. E. Fowlkes, Charless C. Simirenko, Lisa Weber, Gunther H. DePace, Angela H. Henriquez, Clara Kaszuba, David W. Hamann, Bernd Eisen, Michael B. Malik, Jitendra Sudar, Damir Biggin, Mark D. Knowles, David W. TI Three-dimensional morphology and gene expression in the Drosophila blastoderm at cellular resolution I: data acquisition pipeline SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTATION GENES; EMBRYO; MICROSCOPY; PATTERNS; MELANOGASTER; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; DIMENSIONS; SKELETONS; REVEALS AB Background: To model and thoroughly understand animal transcription networks, it is essential to derive accurate spatial and temporal descriptions of developing gene expression patterns with cellular resolution. Results: Here we describe a suite of methods that provide the first quantitative three-dimensional description of gene expression and morphology at cellular resolution in whole embryos. A database containing information derived from 1,282 embryos is released that describes the mRNA expression of 22 genes at multiple time points in the Drosophila blastoderm. We demonstrate that our methods are sufficiently accurate to detect previously undescribed features of morphology and gene expression. The cellular blastoderm is shown to have an intricate morphology of nuclear density patterns and apical/basal displacements that correlate with later well-known morphological features. Pair rule gene expression stripes, generally considered to specify patterning only along the anterior/posterior body axis, are shown to have complex changes in stripe location, stripe curvature, and expression level along the dorsal/ventral axis. Pair rule genes are also found to not always maintain the same register to each other. Conclusion: The application of these quantitative methods to other developmental systems will likely reveal many other previously unknown features and provide a more rigorous understanding of developmental regulatory networks. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Knowles, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley Drosphilia Transcript Network Project, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DWKnowles@lbl.gov RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM704403, R01 GM070444] NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 12 AR R123 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-12-r123 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132UG UT WOS:000243967100017 PM 17184546 ER PT J AU Wang, QF Prabhakar, S Wang, QB Moses, AM Chanan, S Brown, M Eisen, MB Cheng, JF Rubin, EM Boffelli, D AF Wang, Qian-fei Prabhakar, Shyam Wang, Qianben Moses, Alan M. Chanan, Sumita Brown, Myles Eisen, Michael B. Cheng, Jan-Fang Rubin, Edward M. Boffelli, Dario TI Primate-specific evolution of an LDLR enhancer SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR GENE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; POSITIVE SELECTION; CHOLESTEROL; SEQUENCE; HUMANS; VERTEBRATE; BINDING AB Background: Sequence changes in regulatory regions have often been invoked to explain phenotypic divergence among species, but molecular examples of this have been difficult to obtain. Results: In this study we identified an anthropoid primate-specific sequence element that contributed to the regulatory evolution of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Using a combination of close and distant species genomic sequence comparisons coupled with in vivo and in vitro studies, we found that a functional cholesterol-sensing sequence motif arose and was fixed within a pre-existing enhancer in the common ancestor of anthropoid primates. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates one molecular mechanism by which ancestral mammalian regulatory elements can evolve to perform new functions in the primate lineage leading to human. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, US DOE, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EMRubin@lbl.gov RI Wang, Qianben/E-4267-2011; OI Brown, Myles/0000-0002-8213-1658; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL007279, U01 HL066681, U1HL66681B]; PHS HHS [THL007279F] NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 AR R68 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-r68 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 095QN UT WOS:000241322800013 PM 16884525 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Loriaux, P Eng, J Campbell, D Keller, A Moss, P Bonneau, R Zhang, N Zhou, Y Wollscheid, B Cooke, K Yi, EC Lee, H Peskind, ER Zhang, J D Smith, R Aebersold, R AF Zhang, Hui Loriaux, Paul Eng, Jimmy Campbell, David Keller, Andrew Moss, Pat Bonneau, Richard Zhang, Ning Zhou, Yong Wollscheid, Bernd Cooke, Kelly Yi, Eugene C. Lee, Hookeun Peskind, Elaine R. Zhang, Jing D Smith, Richard Aebersold, Ruedi TI UniPep - a database for human N-linked glycosites: a resource for biomarker discovery SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMMUNOAFFINITY SUBTRACTION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HYDRAZIDE CHEMISTRY; SERUM PROTEOME; ACCURATE MASS; SPECTRAL DATA; PROTEINS; CANCER AB There has been considerable recent interest in proteomic analyses of plasma for the purpose of discovering biomarkers. Profiling N-linked glycopeptides is a particularly promising method because the population of N- linked glycosites represents the proteomes of plasma, the cell surface, and secreted proteins at very low redundancy and provides a compelling link between the tissue and plasma proteomes. Here, we describe UniPep http://www.unipep.org-a database of human N-linked glycosites - as a resource for biomarker discovery. C1 Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NYU, Ctr Comparat Funct Genom, New York, NY USA. Univ Zurich, ETH, Inst Mol Syst Biol, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Fac Sci, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM hzhang@systemsbiology.org RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Wollscheid, Bernd/E-8909-2010; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017; OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Wollscheid, Bernd/0000-0002-3923-1610; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Lee, Hookeun/0000-0002-0696-8421 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA114852, R21-CA-114852, U01 CA111244, U01-CA-111244]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR18522]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HV-28179, N01HV28179] NR 46 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 AR r73 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-r73 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 095QN UT WOS:000241322800018 PM 16901351 ER PT J AU Toner, B Manceau, A Webb, SM Sposito, G AF Toner, B Manceau, A Webb, SM Sposito, G TI Zinc sorption to biogenic hexagonal-birnessite particles within a hydrated bacterial biofilm SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; MN(II) OXIDATION; METAL ADSORPTION; RICH BIRNESSITE; ZN SPECIATION; HEAVY-METALS; STRAIN SG-1; CELL-WALLS; MANGANESE AB Biofilm-embedded Mn oxides exert important controls on trace metal cycling in aquatic and soil environments. The speciation and mobility of Zn in particular has been linked to Mn oxides found in streams, wetlands, soils, and aquifers. We investigated the mcchanisms of Zn sorption to a biogenic Mn oxide within a biofilm produced by model soil and freshwater Mn-II-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida. The biogenic Mn oxide is a c-disordered birnessite with hexagonal layer symmetry. Zinc adsorption isotherm and Zn and Mn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy experiments were conducted at pH 6.9 to characterize Zn sorption to this biogenic Mn oxide, and to determine whether the bioorganic components of the biofilm affect metal sorption properties. The EXAFS data were analyzed by spectral fitting, principal component analysis, and linear least-squares fitting with reference spectra. Zinc speciation was found to change as Zn loading to the biosorbent [bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and biogenic Mn oxide] increased. At low Zn loading (0.13 +/- 0.04 mol Zn kg(-1) biosorbent), Zn was sorbed to crystallographically well-defined sites on the biogenic oxide layers in tetrahedral coordination to structural O atoms. The fit to the EXAFS spectrum was consistent with Zn sorption above and below the Mn-IV vacancy sites of the oxide layers. As Zn loading increased to 0.72 +/- 0.04 mol Zn kg(-1) biosorbent, Zn was also detected in octahedral coordination to these sites. Overall, our results indicate that the biofilm did not intervene in Zn sorption by the Mn-oxide because sorption to the organic material was observed only after all Mn vacancy sites were capped by Zn, The organic functional groups present in the biofilm contributed significantly to Zn removal from solution when Zn concentrations exceeded the sorption capacity of the biooxide. At the highest Zn loading studied, 1.50 +/- 0.36 mol Zn kg(-1) biosorbent, the proportion of total Zn sorption attributed to bioorganic material was 38 mol%. The maximum Zn loading to the biogenic oxide that we observed was 4.1 mol Zn kg(-1) biogenic Mn oxide, corresponding to 0.37 +/- 0.02 mol Zn mol(-1) Mn. This loading is in excellent agreement with previous estimates of the content of cation vacancies in the biogenic oxide. The results of this study improve our knowledge of Zn speciation in natural systems and are consistent with those of Zn speciation in mineral soil fractions and ferromanganese nodules where the Mn oxides present are possibly biogenic. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Toner, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM btoner@whoi.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Toner, Brandy/N-7911-2016 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Toner, Brandy/0000-0002-3681-3455 NR 62 TC 96 Z9 112 U1 10 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.029 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 003IN UT WOS:000234675300003 ER PT S AU Ramachandran, R Rushing, J Li, X Kamath, C Conover, H Graves, S AF Ramachandran, Rahul Rushing, John Li, Xiang Kamath, Chandrika Conover, Helen Graves, Sara BE Sinha, AK TI Bird's-eye view of data mining in geosciences SO GEOINFORMATICS: DATA TO KNOWLEDGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE data mining; geospatial data; mining algorithms; cyberinfrastructure; mining applications ID LEARNING ALGORITHMS; SCIENTIFIC-DATA; CLASSIFICATION; TEXTURE AB Data mining is presented in this paper as an example of geoinformatics, to illustrate how a collaborative effort between data-mining experts and geoscientists is essential for analyzing large volumes of data to extract knowledge. There is a wide variety of mining algorithms and tools available for both predictive and descriptive data mining that have been applied on a variety of geoscience problems. This paper provides a high-level overview of the data-mining process, several mining algorithms and tools, and their application to the geosciences. It also describes the geoscience data characteristics that make mining these data a challenge, and details some of the common data preparation operations that are required to make the geoscience data ready for mining. Three data-mining applications are presented in detail in this paper to demonstrate the usefulness of data mining to solve specific geoscience problems. Issues relevant in determining a successful data-mining application in geoscience are presented as lessons learned. Finally, the paper looks at challenges ahead by focusing on two relevant research areas for data mining and geosciences: mining streaming data in real time and exploiting the emerging cyberinfrastructure for mining. C1 [Ramachandran, Rahul; Rushing, John; Li, Xiang; Conover, Helen; Graves, Sara] Univ Alabama, Informat Technol & Syst Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Kamath, Chandrika] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ramachandran, R (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Informat Technol & Syst Ctr, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2397-6 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2006 VL 397 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1130/2006.2397(19) PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BLX56 UT WOS:000271295900020 ER PT J AU Key, KW Constable, SC Weiss, CJ AF Key, KW Constable, SC Weiss, CJ TI Mapping 3D salt using the 2D marine magnetotelluric method: Case study from Gemini Prospect, Gulf of Mexico SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION; CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; INVERSION; RESOLUTION; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES; SMOOTH; MODELS; COAST AB The dominant salt body at Gemini Prospect, Gulf of Mexico, has been analyzed by seismic methods, revealing a complex 3D salt volume at depths 1 to 5 km beneath the mud line. Because of the high contrast in electrical conductivity between the salt and surrounding sediments, Gemini is an attractive target for electromagnetic interrogation. Using a broadband magnetotelluric (NIT) sensor package developed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, data in the period band of 1 to 3000 s were collected at 42 sites in a series of profiles over Gemini, one of which was directly over a linear ridgelike salt feature striking roughly northwest-southeast and another orthogonal to it. These two profiles reveal that the strongest MT response arises when the electric field is oriented northeast-southwest. We test the suitability of 2D inversion of these data for recovering the true salt structure by examining inversions of both actual data and synthetic 3D MT responses derived from the seismically inferred salt volume. Occam inversions of the northeast-southwest component result in resistivity images that generally agree with the seismic data, whereas inversions of the complementary component yield significantly poorer fidelity. Disagreement is greatest (1-2 km) along the salt sides and base. Depth errors for top of salt are less than 500 m. Although thin, deep salt (< 1 km thick at 5 kill depth) is not well resolved, the inversions reveal a resistive basement and a shallow subseabed environment rich in electrical heterogeneity that is weakly, if at all, suggested by the seismic data. A notable exception is a correlation between a previously uninterpreted seismic reflector and the base of a shallow resistivity anomaly whose presence is consistent with gas accumulation near the hydrate stability zone. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC-0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kkey@ucsd.edu; sconstable@ucsd.edu; cjweiss@sandia.gov RI Key, Kerry/B-1092-2008; Constable, Steven/B-8959-2008 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP B17 EP B27 DI 10.1190/1.2168007 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012FD UT WOS:000235322700004 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, S Daley, TM AF Nakagawa, S Daley, TM TI Modeling wave generation by borehole orbital vibrator source SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual International Meeting of the Society-for-Exploration-Geophysicists CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003 CL Dallas, TX ID SEISMIC-SOURCE; RADIATION AB An orbital vibrator source (OVS), a fluid-coupled shear-wave source, has many properties useful for cross-well, single-well, and borehole-to-surface imaging of both P- (compressional) and S- (shear) wave velocities of reservoir rocks. To this day, however, only a limited number of quantitative models have been developed to explain its properties. In this article, we develop both 2D and 3D models of an OVS, allowing us to examine Source characteristics such as radiation patterns, frequency dependence of wave amplitudes, and guided-wave generation. These models are developed in the frequency-wavenumber domain using the partial wave expansion of the wavefield within and Outside the borehole. The models predict many unique characteristics of an OVS, including formation-property-dependent vibrator amplitudes, uniform isotropic S-wave radiation pattern, and small tube-wave generation. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CCS, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakagawa, S (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CCS, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM snakagawa@lbl.gov; tmadaley@lbl.gov RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP F1 EP F11 DI 10.1190/1.2168008 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012FD UT WOS:000235322700007 ER PT J AU Kameda, A Dvorkin, J Keehm, Y Nur, A Bosl, W AF Kameda, A Dvorkin, J Keehm, Y Nur, A Bosl, W TI Permeability-porosity transforms from small sandstone fragments SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATIONS; FLOW; RECONSTRUCTION; EQUATION AB Numerical simulation of laboratory experiments on rocks, or digital rock physics, is an emerging field that may eventually benefit the petroleum industry. For numerical experimentation to find its way into the mainstream, it must be practical and easily repeatable - i.e., implemented on standard hardware and in real time. This condition reduces the size of a digital sample to just a few grains across. Also, small physical fragments of rock, such as cuttings, may be the only material available to produce digital images. Will the results be meaningful for a larger rock volume? To address this question, we use a number of natural and artificial medium to high-porosity, well-sorted sandstones. The 3D microtomography volumes are obtained from each physical sample. Then, analogous to making thin sections of drill cuttings, we select a large number of small 2D slices from a 3D scan. As a result, a single physical sample produces hundreds of 2D virtual-drill-cuttings images. Corresponding 3D pore-space realizations are generated statistically from these 2D images; fluid flow is simulated in three dimensions, and the absolute permeability is computed. The results show that small fragments of medium- to high-porosity sandstones that are statistically subrepresentative of a larger sample will not yield the exact porosity and permeability of the sample. However, a significant number of small fragments will yield a site-specific permeability-porosity trend that can then be used to estimate the absolute permeability from independent porosity data obtained in the well or inferred from seismic techniques. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kameda, A (reprint author), Chevron Int E&P, 1500 Louisiana, Houston, TX 77002 USA. EM kaay@chevron.com; jack@pangea.stanford.edu; kechm@kongju.ac.kr; nur@stanford.edu; william.bost@childrens.harward.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 11 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP N11 EP N19 DI 10.1190/1.2159054 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012FD UT WOS:000235322700020 ER PT B AU Wescott, KL AF Wescott, KL BE Mehrer, MW Westcott, KL TI One step beyond: Adaptive sampling and analysis techniques to increase the value of predictive models SO GIS and Archaeological Site Location Modeling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS and Archaeological Predictive Modeling Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP No Illinois Univ HO Argonne Natl Lab AB A critical part of the planning process in developing an archaeological predictive model is defining the strategy for testing and refining model results. Ideally, predictive modeling is a dynamic process that provides more than just a static map that is outdated as soon as new data become available. The issue of uncertainty in the accuracy of available information affects confidence in the results of any predictive model. Under certain conditions, the resulting model may be too conservative to be useful for even basic planning applications. An assessment of data uncertainty and a method for developing a data-acquisition and -testing strategy to reduce that uncertainty can produce a more reliable and cost-effective model. Use of an iterative modeling and testing regime that is based on an adaptive sampling approach is a possible solution. Bayesian techniques and adaptive sampling methods have been used successfully to support the characterization and remediation of hazardous-waste sites, and these have resulted in significant cost savings in the cleanup of those sites. A similar approach may prove beneficial for determining the likelihood that archaeological sites are present in a given area. The ability to optimize sampling efforts to reduce the uncertainty will provide managers and planners with a higher degree of confidence in the model's accuracy, especially as new data are received and additional iterations of the model are run. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-415-31548-4 PY 2006 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Archaeology; Computer Science GA BEA33 UT WOS:000236429600003 ER PT B AU Verhaaren, B Levenson, J Kuiper, J AF Verhaaren, B Levenson, J Kuiper, J BE Mehrer, MW Westcott, KL TI Relating cultural resources to their natural environment using the IEDROK GIS: A cultural resources management tool for the Republic of Korea SO GIS and Archaeological Site Location Modeling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS and Archaeological Predictive Modeling Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP No Illinois Univ HO Argonne Natl Lab AB Under the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) negotiated between the United States and the Republic of Korea, U.S. forces stationed in Korea are required to take into account the effects of their actions on Korean cultural properties. In addition to this legal requirment, cultural resource management is important in maintaining good relationships between U.S. forces and the local population. The Integrated Ecosystem Databases for the Republic of Korea (IEDROK) geographic information system (GIS) provides information on natural and cultural resources to U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) resource managers. Focused on areas surrounding USFK instaflations, it is a rapid-assessment tool that alerts managers to the presence of protected resources that could be affected by USFK undertakings. Geographic information systems are ideal tools for the management of archaeological and other cultural resources. A graphic display of cultural resources against the backdrop of significant natural geographic features permits a rapid visual assessment of the relationship of the cultural world to the natural world. Displaying cultural resources of a functional or temporal class in relation to such features as hydrology, soil type, slope, vegetation cover type, and the contemporary built environment provides the cultural resource manager with the necessary tools to locate and manage known cultural resources. This capability can also enable the manager to predict the likelihood of encountering significant cultural resources in similar but not-yet-investigated areas. IEDROK is an example of such a tool. It was designed for the cultural resource managers at USFK installations. Those managers have stewardship responsibility for significant natural and cultural resources, even though their primary mission is not resource management. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-415-31548-4 PY 2006 BP 241 EP 264 PG 24 WC Archaeology; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Archaeology; Computer Science GA BEA33 UT WOS:000236429600011 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ AF Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ TI Sensitivity of canopy transpiration to altered precipitation in an upland oak forest: evidence from a long-term field manipulation study SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; global change; hydrology; sap flow; water balance; water cycle ID SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PINE FOREST; WATER-USE; SAPFLOW VELOCITY; STOMATAL CONTROL; HARDWOOD FOREST; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES AB Climate-induced changes in regional precipitation could have important implications for the carbon, water, and nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems. However, few studies have examined the response of deciduous forests to increases or decreases in precipitation. Therefore, the throughfall displacement experiment (TDE) was established in 1993 near Oak Ridge, Tennessee to examine the sensitivity of an upland oak (Quercus spp.) forest to ambient, wet (+33%), and dry (-33%) precipitation regimes. Sap flux measurements on co-occurring tree species were scaled using species-specific estimates of stand sapwood area to derive daily and seasonal rates of canopy transpiration (E-C) from 2000 to 2003. With the exception of 2003, which was an extremely wet year, daily E-C in the dry plot, and occasionally during extended droughts in the ambient and wet plots, declined as water potential in the upper 0.35 m soil profile approached -3.0 MPa. Seasonal patterns of soil water potential and treatment-specific differences in E-C were dependent on precipitation frequency and intensity. Supplemental precipitation added to the wet plot increased seasonal E-C on average by 9% (range -1% to 19%), whereas extended periods of drought on the dry plot in 2000, 2001, and 2002 were sufficient to reduce seasonal E-C by 26-30% compared with the ambient plot. There was a strong correlation between seasonal E-C and the water stress integral, a cumulative index of drought severity and duration. A polynomial fitted to these data indicated that reductions in seasonal E-C on the order of 40% were possible given TDE-imposed reductions in soil water potential. Application of this equation to all years of the TDE (1994-2003) revealed considerable interannual and treatment-specific variation in canopy transpiration. In general, a 33% removal of throughfall on the dry plot during 1995, 1998, and 2002 resulted in a 23-32% reduction in seasonal E-C compared with the ambient plot. While droughts in deciduous forests are often limited in duration and tend to occur late in the growing season, soil water deficits of the magnitude observed in this study have the potential to impact local and regional forest water budgets. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wullschlegsd@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 69 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01082.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001IU UT WOS:000234527600009 ER PT S AU Nakamoto, S Kano, M Kumar, SP Oberhuber, JM Muneyama, K Ueyoshi, K Subrahmanyam, B Nakata, K Lai, CA Frouin, R AF Nakamoto, Shoichiro Kano, Makoto Kumar, S. Prasanna Oberhuber, Josef M. Muneyama, Kei Ueyoshi, Kyozo Subrahmanyam, Bulusu Nakata, Kisaburo Lai, C. Aaron Frouin, Robert BE Kawahata, H Awaya, Y TI Potential Feedback Mechanism Between Phytoplankton and Upper Ocean Circulation with Oceanic Radiative Transfer Processes Influenced by Phytoplankton - Numerical Ocean General Circulation Models and an Analytical Solution SO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESPONSE OF CARBON CYCLE IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEANS AND ADJACENT LANDMASSES SE Elsevier Oceanography Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE phytoplankton; oceanic radiative transfer; bio-climate feedbacks ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOLAR-RADIATION; LAYER; SEA; ABSORPTION; PIGMENTS AB Because of the diversity of the ecosystem in the earth, modeling of such an ecosystem cannot avoid arguing which ecosystem element should be included or excluded. We demonstrated that views of thermodynamics ensuring the flow of solar energy between nonliving things and living things in the oceanic ecosystem as an alternative approach in the modeling of the earth system with life. We showed that marine phytoplankton influence the global pattern of the sea surface temperature, seawater density, and associated flows by heat release to the upper ocean environment. The effect of heat release by phytoplankton on penetrative radiation not only influences directly the vertical structure of seawater density, but also dynamically interacts with surrounding ocean fluids in the equatorial Pacific. Numerical models experiments suggest an active role of phytoplankton in the equatorial ocean dynamics by modifying density and thus providing conditions favorable to phytoplankton growth, i.e., the potential positive feedback mechanism between the ecosystem and the ocean dynamics. A mechanistic model proposed here is simple enough to identify the cause-and-effect relationship of the phytoplankton's active role in the earth system. C1 [Nakamoto, Shoichiro] Okinawa Coll Technol, Dept Mech Syst Engn, Henoko, Nago 9052192, Japan. [Nakamoto, Shoichiro] OHTI, Tokyo 1620012, Japan. [Nakamoto, Shoichiro; Kano, Makoto] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Kumar, S. Prasanna] Natl Inst Oceanog, POD, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Oberhuber, Josef M.] DKRZ, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Muneyama, Kei] JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237, Japan. [Ueyoshi, Kyozo; Frouin, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Dept Geol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Nakata, Kisaburo] Tokai Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan. [Lai, C. Aaron] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Nakamoto, S (reprint author), Okinawa Coll Technol, Dept Mech Syst Engn, Henoko, Nago 9052192, Japan. EM nakamotoocean@aol.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0422-9894 BN 978-0-08-046941-6 J9 ELSEV OCEANOGR SERIE JI Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser. PY 2006 VL 73 BP 255 EP 272 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BCT53 UT WOS:000311358100011 ER PT S AU Kanamori, Y Yoo, SM Sheldon, FT AF Kanamori, Yoshito Yoo, Seong-Moo Sheldon, Frederick T. GP IEEE TI Bank Transfer over Quantum Channel with Digital Checks SO GLOBECOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 06) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc) DE Digital signature; encryption; photon; polarization; quantum cryptography ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; PHOTONS; MEMORY AB In recent years, many quantum cryptographic schemes have been proposed. However, it seems that there are many technical difficulties to realize them (except Quantum Key Distributions) as practical applications. In this paper, we propose a bank transfer (i.e., funds or Electronic Funds Transfer) system utilizing both classical and quantum cryptography to provide theoretically unbreakable security. This system can be realized using current technologies (e. g., linear polarizers and Faraday rotators) and requires no additional authentication and no key distribution scheme. However, a trusted third party must keep all member banks' private keys for encryption, authentication and also for functions to generate classical digital signatures. C1 [Kanamori, Yoshito] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Yoo, Seong-Moo] Univ Alabama, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sheldon, Frederick T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kanamori, Y (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM yoshitok@cbpp.uaa.alaska.edu; yoos@ece.uah.edu; SheldonFT@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-0356-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUC00 UT WOS:000288765601128 ER PT S AU Townsend, LW Stephens, DL Hoff, JL Zapp, EN Moussa, HM Miller, TM Campbell, CE Nichols, TF AF Townsend, L. W. Stephens, D. L., Jr. Hoff, J. L. Zapp, E. N. Moussa, H. M. Miller, T. M. Campbell, C. E. Nichols, T. F. BE Clauer, CR Siscoe, G TI The Carrington event: Possible doses to crews in space from a comparable event SO GREAT HISTORICAL GEOMAGNETIC STORM OF 1859: A MODERN LOOK SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the 1859 Carrington Storm CY OCT, 2003 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE solar energetic particle event; space radiation; total ionizing doses; Carrington flare; space radiation risks ID POLAR ICE; SOLAR; FLARE AB Recent ice core analyses suggest that the Carrington event of 1859 may have been the largest solar energetic particle event in the past several hundred years. Previous analyses of potential doses to humans and electronics from such an event suggested that a Carrington-like event, with a hard spectrum similar to that of the event of September 1989 could be catastrophic. Subsequent analyses of the Be-10 concentration in the ice core data suggest that the spectral hardness of the Carrington event was softer and similar to the August 1972 event. In this work we review the earlier estimates of doses from a Carrington event, and present updated dose estimates for deep space crews and electronics using the Carrington event proton fluence >= 30 MeV in combination with an event spectrum similar to that of the August 1972 event. Potential ramifications of these doses for humans and electronics on deep space missions are discussed. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Space Radiat Anal Grp, Houston, TX 77059 USA. RP Townsend, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ltownsen@tennessee.edu NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.111 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFL06 UT WOS:000242567000013 ER PT J AU Huang, JF Baker, GA Luo, HM Hong, KL Li, QF Bjerrum, NJ Dai, S AF Huang, Jing-Fang Baker, Gary A. Luo, Huimin Hong, Kunlun Li, Qing-Feng Bjerrum, Niels J. Dai, Sheng TI Bronsted acidic room temperature ionic liquids derived from N,N-dimethylformamide and similar protophilic amides SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; MOLTEN-SALTS; ELECTROLYTES; MEMBRANES; HTFSI AB We herein describe a convenient and efficient one-pot route to a new family of cost-effective, highly proton conductive room temperature ionic liquids based on N, N-dimethylformamide and structural analogues thereof, thereby opening up potential in the fuel cell industry and other areas. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Huang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Li, Qingfeng/0000-0002-5460-055X NR 32 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1039/b604777g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058UO UT WOS:000238690300007 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G Hategan, M Kodeboyina, D AF von Laszewski, G. Hategan, M. Kodeboyina, D. BE Bekakos, MP Gravvanis, GA Arabnia, HR TI Work coordination for Grid computing SO GRID TECHNOLOGIES: EMERGING FROM DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURES TO VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS SE Advances in Management Information LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [von Laszewski, G.; Kodeboyina, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [von Laszewski, G.; Hategan, M.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hategan, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1742-0172 BN 978-1-84564-055-2 J9 ADV MANAG INFORM PY 2006 VL 5 BP 309 EP 333 D2 10.2495/1-84564-055-1 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BKC11 UT WOS:000267723100011 ER PT S AU Kent, S Bernstein, R Abbott, T Bigelow, B Brooks, D Doel, P Flaugher, B Gladders, M Walker, A Worswick, S AF Kent, S. Bernstein, R. Abbott, T. Bigelow, B. Brooks, D. Doel, P. Flaugher, B. Gladders, M. Walker, A. Worswick, S. BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI Preliminary optical design for a 2.2 degree diameter prime focus corrector for the Blanco 4 meter telescope - art. no. 626937 SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE dark energy; Blanco; CTIO; telescopes; optics; corrector ID FIELD CORRECTOR AB We describe a five element corrector for the prime focus of the 4 meter Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile that will be used in conjunction with a new mosaic CCD camera as part of the proposed Dark Energy Survey (DES). The corrector is designed to provide a flat focal plane and good images in the SDSS g, r, i, and z filters. We describe the performance in conjunction with the scientific requirements of the DES, particularly with regard to ghosting and weak-lensing point spread function (PSF) calibration. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kent, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP 26937 EP 26937 AR 626937 DI 10.1117/12.672097 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500102 ER PT S AU Flaugher, B AF Flaugher, B. CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI The Dark Energy Survey instrument design - art. no. 62692C SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE Dark Energy; CCD; camera; survey; blanco; CTIO AB We describe a new project, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), aimed at measuring the dark energy equation of state parameter, w, to a statistical precision of similar to 5%, with four complementary techniques. The survey will use a new 3 sq. deg. mosaic camera (DECam) mounted at the prime focus of the Blanco 4m telescope at the Cerro-Tololo International Observatory (CTIO). DECam includes a large mosaic camera, a five element optical corrector, four filters (g,r,i,z), and the associated infrastructure for operation in the prime focus cage. The focal plane consists of 62 2K x 4K CCD modules (0.27"/pixel) arranged in a hexagon inscribed within the 2.2 deg. diameter field of view. We plan to use the 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs that have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). At Fermilab, we will establish a packaging factory to produce four-side buttable modules for the LBNL devices, as well as to test and grade the CCDs. R&D is underway and delivery of DECam to CTIO is scheduled for 2009. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Flaugher, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP C2692 EP C2692 AR 62692C DI 10.1117/12.672433 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500075 ER PT S AU Gilmore, K Kahn, S Nordby, M Burke, D O'Connor, P Oliver, J Radeka, V Schalk, T Schindler, R AF Gilmore, Kirk Kahn, Steven Nordby, Martin Burke, David O'Connor, Paul Oliver, John Radeka, Veljko Schalk, Terry Schindler, Rafe CA LSST Camera Team BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI The LSST camera overview - art. no. 62690C SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE survey; wide-field; LSST; gigapixel; mosaic AB The LSST camera is a wide-field optical (0.35-1um) imager designed to provide a 3.5 degree FOV with better than 0.2 arcsecond sampling. The detector format will be a circular mosaic providing approximately 3.2 Gigapixels per image. The camera includes a filter mechanism and, shuttering capability. It is positioned in the middle of the telescope where cross-sectional area is constrained by optical vignetting and heat dissipation must be controlled to limit thermal gradients in the optical beam. The fast, f/1.2 beam will require tight tolerances on the focal plane mechanical assembly. The focal plane array operates at a temperature of approximately -100 degrees C to achieve desired detector performance. The focal plane array is contained within an evacuated cryostat, which incorporates detector front-end electronics and thermal control. The cryostat lens serves as an entrance window and vacuum seal for the cryostat. Similarly, the camera body lens serves as an entrance window and gas seal for the camera housing, which is filled with a suitable gas to provide the operating environment for the shutter and filter change mechanisms. The filter carousel can accommodate 5 filters, each 75 cm. in diameter, for rapid exchange without external intervention. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP C2690 EP C2690 AR 62690C DI 10.1117/12.673236 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500012 ER PT S AU Estrada, J Abbott, T Ansgtadt, B Buckley-Geer, L Brown, M Campa, J Cardiel, L Cease, H Flaugher, B Dawson, K Derylo, G Diehl, HT Gruenendahl, S Karliner, I Merrit, W Moore, P Moore, TC Roe, N Scarpine, V Schmidt, R Schubnel, M Shaw, T Stuermer, W Thaler, J AF Estrada, J. Abbott, T. Ansgtadt, B. Buckley-Geer, L. Brown, M. Campa, J. Cardiel, L. Cease, H. Flaugher, B. Dawson, K. Derylo, G. Diehl, H. T. Gruenendahl, S. Karliner, I. Merrit, W. Moore, P. Moore, T. C. Roe, N. Scarpine, V. Schmidt, R. Schubnel, M. Shaw, T. Stuermer, W. Thaler, J. BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI CCD testing and characterization for Dark Energy Survey - art. no. 62693K SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE mosaic; CCD; DES AB A description of the plans and infrastructure developed for CCD testing and characterization for the DES focal plane detectors is presented. Examples of the results obtained are shown and discussed in the context of the device requirements for the survey instrument. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Estrada, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP K2693 EP K2693 AR 62693K DI 10.1117/12.672596 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500114 ER PT S AU Marois, C Phillion, DW Macintosh, B AF Marois, Christian Phillion, Don W. Macintosh, Bruce BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI Exoplanet detection with simultaneous spectral differential imaging: effects of out-of-pupil-plane optical aberrations - art. no. 62693M SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE astronomical instrumentation; infrared; adaptive optics; high-contrast imaging; speckle attenuation; exoplanets ID SPECKLE NOISE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; COMPANIONS AB Imaging faint companions (exoplanets and brown dwarfs) around nearby stars is currently limited by speckle noise. To efficiently attenuate this noise, a technique called simultaneous spectral differential imaging (SSDI) can be used. This technique consists of acquiring simultaneously images of the field of view in several adjacent narrow bands and in combining these images to suppress speckles. Simulations predict that SSDI can achieve, with the acquisition of three wavelengths, speckle noise attenuation of several thousands. These simulations are usually performed using the Fraunhofer approximation, i.e. considering that all aberrations are located in the pupil plane. We have performed wavefront propagation simulations to evaluate how out-of-pupil-plane aberrations affect SSDI speckle noise attenuation performance. The Talbot formalism is used to give a physical insight of the problem; results are confirmed using a proper wavefront propagation algorithm. We will show that near-focal-plane aberrations can significantly reduce SSDI speckle noise attenuation performance at several A/D separation. It is also shown that the Talbot effect correctly predicts the PSF chromaticity. Both differential atmospheric refraction effects and the use of a coronagraph will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marois, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP M2693 EP M2693 AR 62693M DI 10.1117/12.672263 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500116 ER PT S AU Erskine, DJ Edelstein, J Lloyd, J Muirhead, P AF Erskine, David J. Edelstein, Jerry Lloyd, James Muirhead, Philip BE Mclean, IS Iye, M TI Noise studies of Externally Dispersed Interferometry for Doppler velocimetry - art. no. 62692P SO Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy, Pts 1- 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY MAY 25-29, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE Doppler planet search; radial velocity; interferometry; high resolution spectroscopy ID RADIAL VELOCIMETRY AB Externally Dispersed Interferometry (EDI) is the series combination of a fixed-delay field-widened Michelson interferometer with a dispersive spectrograph. This combination boosts the spectrograph performance for both Doppler velocimetry and high resolution spectroscopy. The interferometer creates a periodic comb that multiplies against the input spectrum to create moire fringes, which are recorded in combination with the regular spectrum. Both regular and high-frequency spectral components can be recovered from the data- the moire component carries additional information that increases the signal to noise for velocimetry and spectroscopy. Here we present simulations and theoretical studies of the photon limited Doppler velocity noise in an EDI. We used a model spectrum of a 1600K temperature star. For several rotational blurring velocities 0, 7.5, 15 and 25 km/s we calculated the dimensionless Doppler quality index (Q) versus wavenumber v. This is the normalized RMS of the derivative of the spectrum and is proporotional to the photon-limited Doppler signal to noise ratio. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erskine, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Muirhead, Philip/H-2273-2014 OI Muirhead, Philip/0000-0002-0638-8822 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6334-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6269 BP P2692 EP P2692 AR 62692P DI 10.1117/12.670683 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BEZ53 UT WOS:000240348500086 ER PT S AU Burke, D Axelrod, T Claver, C Frank, J Geary, J Gilmore, K Lvezic, Z Krabbendam, V Monet, D O'Connor, P Oliver, J Olszewski, E Pinto, P Saha, A Smith, C Stubbs, C Takacs, P Tyson, A AF Burke, David Axelrod, Tim Claver, Chuck Frank, James Geary, John Gilmore, Kirk Lvezic, Zeljko Krabbendam, Victor Monet, David O'Connor, Paul Oliver, John Olszewski, Ed Pinto, Philip Saha, Abhijit Smith, Chris Stubbs, Christopher Takacs, Peter Tyson, Anthony CA LSST Collaboration BE Stepp, LM TI Calibrations of LSST camera and telescope systems - art. no. 626715 SO Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE LSST; photometry; calibration ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS AB Science studies made by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will reach systematic limits in nearly all cases. Requirements for accurate photometric measurements are particularly challenging. Advantage will be taken of the rapid cadence and pace of the LSST survey to use celestial sources to monitor stability and uniformity of photometric data. A new technique using a tunable laser is being developed to calibrate the wavelength dependence of the total telescope and camera system throughput. Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric extinction and emission will be made continuously to allow the broad-band optical flux observed in the instrument to be corrected to flux at the top of the atmosphere. Calibrations with celestial sources will be compared to instrumental and atmospheric calibrations. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Burke, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; SAHA, ABHIJIT/0000-0002-6839-4881 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6332-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6267 BP 26715 EP 26715 AR 626715 DI 10.1117/12.673271 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX64 UT WOS:000240018600040 ER PT S AU Ackermann, MR McGraw, JT Zimmer, PC AF Ackermann, Mark R. McGraw, John T. Zimmer, Peter C. BE Stepp, LM TI Are curved focal planes necessary for wide-field survey telescopes? - art. no. 626740 SO Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes CY MAY 24-31, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observ, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE wide field-of-view; telescope; sky survey; curved CCD AB The last decade has seen significant interest in wide field of view (FOV) telescopes for sky survey and space surveillance applications. Prompted by this interest, a multitude of wide-field designs have emerged. While all designs result from optimization of competing constraints, one of the more controversial design choices is whether such telescopes require flat or curved focal planes. For imaging applications, curved focal planes are not an obvious choice. Thirty years ago with mostly analytic design tools, the solution to wide-field image quality appeared to be curved focal planes. Today however, with computer aided optimization, high image quality can be achieved over flat focal surfaces. For most designs, the small gains in performance offered by curved focal planes are more than offset by the complexities and cost of curved CCDs. Modern design techniques incorporating reflective and refractive correctors appear to make a curved focal surface an unnecessary complication. Examination of seven current, wide FOV projects (SDSS, MMT, DCT, LSST, PanStarrs, HyperSuprime and DARPA SST) suggests there is little to be gained from a curved focal plane. The one exception might be the HyperSuprime instrument where performance goals are severely stressing refractive prime-focus corrector capabilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6332-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6267 BP 26740 EP 26740 AR 626740 DI 10.1117/12.670521 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEX64 UT WOS:000240018600134 ER PT J AU Sblattero, D Ventura, A Tommasini, A Cattin, L Martelossi, S Florian, F Marzari, R Bradbury, A Not, T AF Sblattero, D Ventura, A Tommasini, A Cattin, L Martelossi, S Florian, F Marzari, R Bradbury, A Not, T TI Cryptic gluten intolerance in type 1 diabetes: identifying suitable candidates for a gluten free diet SO GUT LA English DT Letter ID INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CELIAC-DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS; RISK; AUTOANTIBODIES; DURATION; MELLITUS; EXPOSURE; GLIADIN C1 Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, Trieste, Italy. IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Clin Sci, Trieste, Italy. City Hosp Trieste, Diabet Serv, Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Not, T (reprint author), Ist Infanzia Burlo Garofolo, Pediat Clin, Via Istria 65-1, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. EM not@burlo.trieste.it OI Not, Tarcisio/0000-0003-1059-3009 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1136/gut.2005.077511 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 992NR UT WOS:000233891300031 PM 16344582 ER PT S AU Ellis, RK AF Ellis, R. Keith BE Campanelli, M Clark, A Wu, X TI Theoretical perspectives in QCD: Key issues, now and towards LHC SO Hadron Collider Physics 2005, Proceedings SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hadron Collider Physics Symposium (HCP2005) CY JUL 04-09, 2005 CL Les Diablerets, SWITZERLAND ID AMPLITUDES AB A review of the current status of perturbative QCD as applied to high energy collisions is presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ellis, RK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-32840-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 108 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEY23 UT WOS:000240095200005 ER PT S AU Protopopescu, S AF Protopopescu, Serban BE Campanelli, M Clark, A Wu, X TI W/Z Production cross sections and asymmetries at root s=1.96 TeV SO Hadron Collider Physics 2005, Proceedings SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hadron Collider Physics Symposium (HCP2005) CY JUL 04-09, 2005 CL Les Diablerets, SWITZERLAND AB We review recent measurements of W and Z boson production cross sections and asymmetries by the D circle divide and CDF collaborations in p (p) over bar collisions at the FNAL Tevatron at root s = 1.96 TeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Protopopescu, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-32840-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 108 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEY23 UT WOS:000240095200015 ER PT S AU Read, K AF Read, K. F. BE Campanelli, M Clark, A Wu, X TI Direct photons, vector mesons and heavy flavor production at RHIC SO Hadron Collider Physics 2005, Proceedings SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hadron Collider Physics Symposium (HCP2005) CY JUL 04-09, 2005 CL Les Diablerets, SWITZERLAND ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Recent results concerning the production of direct photons, vector mesons, charmonium, and open heavy flavor in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at RHTC are discussed. The production of direct photons in Au + Au collisions does not exhibit a centrality- dependent suppression at higher transverse momentum such as that observed for hadrons at RHIC. Rather, it is well-described by predictions based on NLO pQCD scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. Measurements of phi production do exhibit a suppression in central Au + Au collisions relative to scaled peripheral collisions and scaled p + p collisions consistent with expectations of recombination models. Measurements of J/psi production using dielectrons and dimuons exhibit a suppression rather than an enhancement in central Au + Au collisions as predicted by some recent models. Open heavy flavor production has been measured via semileptonic decays of heavy quarks as well as direct reconstruction of charmed mesons. In Au + Au collisions, although the total yield does scale by the number of binary collisions, the spectrum exhibits a strong modification relative to scaled results based on p + p collisions. Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2) for electrons resulting from charm meson decay in Au+Au collisions are consistent with calculations in which charm quarks participate in the collective flow of the produced medium. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Read, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-32840-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 108 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEY23 UT WOS:000240095200034 ER PT S AU Hanagaki, K AF Hanagaki, K. CA DO Collaboration BE Campanelli, M Clark, A Wu, X TI b-tagging at DO SO HADRON COLLIDER PHYSICS 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hadron Collider Physics Symposium (HCP2005) CY JUL 04-09, 2005 CL Les Diablerets, SWITZERLAND AB Many high PT physics analyses at the Tevatron contain a b-quark and hence a b-jet in the final states. We report on the b-jet identification methods in DO and their performance. For 0.5% of light jet tagging rate, 40 or 45% of b-jet tagging efficiency is achieved for jets with 35 < E-T < 55 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.2. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hanagaki, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-32840-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 108 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEY23 UT WOS:000240095200047 ER PT S AU Snider, FD AF Snider, F. D. BE Campanelli, M Clark, A Wu, X TI CDF computing and event data models SO Hadron Collider Physics 2005, Proceedings SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hadron Collider Physics Symposium (HCP2005) CY JUL 04-09, 2005 CL Les Diablerets, SWITZERLAND AB We discuss the computing systems, usage patterns and event data models used to analyze Run II data from the CDF-II experiment at the Tevatron collider. A critical analysis of the current implementation and design reveals some of the stronger and weaker elements of the system. which serve as lessons for future experiments. We highlight a need to maintain simplicity for users in the face of an increasingly complex computing environment. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Snider, FD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-32840-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2006 VL 108 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BEY23 UT WOS:000240095200051 ER PT S AU Smith, ES AF Smith, ES BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Review of recent JLab results SO Hadron Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE parity violation; nucleon strangeness; exotic baryons; pentaquarks; Delta ID VIOLATING ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PARITY VIOLATION; DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; BARYON RESONANCES; NUCLEON STRUCTURE; QUARK-MODEL; PROTON; PENTAQUARKS; CEBAF; BEAM AB High quality polarized electron beams at Jefferson Lab make possible precision measurements of hadronic properties in the regime of strongly interacting QCD. We will describe a few programs at Jefferson Lab that are making measurements that link the basic static properties of hadrons to their quark sub-structure. For example, parity-violating electron proton elastic scattering probes the spatial distribution of strange quarks in the nucleon. The nucleon-Delta transition form factors give us information about the deformation of nucleons and Deltas. Finally, new high statistics measurements of photons scattering off proton and deuteron targets are used to set upper limits on the production of exotic baryons with strangeness S=+1. These examples will be used to illustrate the capabilities and focus of the experimental program at JLab. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, ES (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700005 ER PT S AU Brodsky, SJ de Teramond, GF AF Brodsky, SJ de Teramond, GF BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Hadron spectroscopy and wavefunctions in QCD and the AdS/CIFT correspondence SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE gauge/string duality; quantum chromodynamics; hadron mass models and calculations; light-front wavefunctions ID PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; TRANSVERSE LATTICE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; FIELD-THEORY; MOMENTUM; PION; FACTORIZATION AB The AdS/CFT correspondence has led to important insights into the properties of quantum chromodynamics even though QCD is a broken conformal theory. We have recently shown how a holographic model based on a truncated Ads space can be used to obtain the hadronic spectrum of light q (q) over bar, qqq and gg bound states. Specific hadrons are identified by the correspondence of string modes with the dimension of the interpolating operator of the hadron's valence Fock state, including orbital angular momentum excitations. The predicted mass spectrum is linear M proportional to L at high orbital angular momentum, in contrast to the quadratic dependence M-2 proportional to L found in the description of spinning strings. Since only one parameter, the QCD scale Lambda(QCD), is introduced, the agreement with the pattern of physical states is remarkable. In particular, the ratio of Delta to nucleon trajectories is determined by the ratio of zeros of Bessel functions. The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitarity, and a trivial vacuum. The light-front Fock-state wavefunctions encode the bound state properties of hadrons in terms of their quark and gluon degrees of freedom at the amplitude level. One can also use the extended AdS/CFT space-time theory to obtain a model for hadronic light-front wavefunctions, thus providing a relativistic description of hadrons in QCD at the amplitude level. The model wavefunctions display confinement at large inter-quark separation and conformal symmetry at short distances. In particular, the scaling and conformal properties of the LFWFs at high relative momenta agree with perturbative QCD. These AdS/CFI' model wavefunctions could be used as an initial ansatz; for a variational treatment of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian. We also show how hadron form factors in both the space-like and time-like regions can be predicted. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. FU Department of Energy [DEAC0276SF00515] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy contract DEAC0276SF00515. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 108 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700011 ER PT S AU Appel, JA AF Appel, JA BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Future hadron physics at Fermilab SO Hadron Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE Fermilab; tevatron; ILC; hadron; MIPP; MINERvA; drell-yan; proton driver ID INELASTIC LEPTON SCATTERING; NUCLEAR; PIONS AB Today, hadron physics research occurs at Fermilab as parts of broader experimental programs. This is very likely to be the case in the future. Thus, much of this presentation focuses on our vision of that future - a future aimed at making Fermilab the host laboratory for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Given the uncertainties associated with the ILC - the level of needed R&D, the ILC costs, and the timing - Fermilab is also preparing for other program choices. I will describe these latter efforts, efforts focused on a Proton Driver to increase the numbers of protons available for experiments. As examples of the hadron physics which will be coming from Fermilab, I summarize three experiments: MIPP/E907 which is running currently, and MINERvA and Drell-Yan/E906 which are scheduled for future running periods. Hadron physics coming from the Tevatron Collider program will be summarized by Arthur Maciel in another talk at Hadron05. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700014 ER PT S AU Muller, D AF Muller, D BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Hadron physics at BABAR SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE initial state radiation; charm; pentaquarks AB The BABAR experiment at SLAC is designed to measure CP violation in the B meson system, however the very high statistics combined with the different e(+) and e(-) beam energies, the detector design and the open trigger allow a wide variety of spectroscopic measurements. We are beginning to tap this potential via several production mechanisms. Here we present recent results from initial state radiation, hadronic jets, few body B and D hadron decays, and interactions in the detector material. We also summarize measurements relevant to D-s meson spectroscopy, pentaquarks and charmonium spectroscopy from multiple production mechanisms. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700020 ER PT S AU Hansen, JO AF Hansen, JO CA Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI High-resolution search for pentaquark partners in Hall A at Jefferson lab SO Hadron Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE pentaquarks; exotics; baryon electroproduction; partner states AB We have carried out a high-resolution search (sigma = 1.5 MeV) for narrow exotic resonances (Gamma < 10 MeV) in the mass range M approximate to 1500 - 1850 MeV in ep -> e'K+X, ep -> e'K-X and ep -> e'pi(+)X electroproduction at forward angles (theta(CM) approximate to 6 - 7 degrees). Such narrow resonances would be candidates for partner states of the speculative theta(+) (1540) pentaquark. The experiment employed a 5 GeV CW electron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and two high-resolution magnetic spectrometers covering a total center-of-mass solid angle of Delta Omega approximate to 30 - 40 msr. We do not observe a statistically significant signal in any of the three reaction channels. Upper limits on the production cross sections were determined to be between 3 and 16 nb/sr, depending on the channel and the assumed width of the state. In addition, precise electroproduction data of the Lambda(1116), Sigma(1193) and Lambda(1520) resonances were obtained for calibration purposes. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hansen, JO (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700035 ER PT S AU Berger-Hryn'ova, T AF Berger-Hryn'ova, T CA BABAR Collaboration BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Searches for pentaquark baryons at BaBar SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE pentaquark; baryon; BABAR ID POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; STATE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; RESONANCE; DETECTOR AB This paper presents the results of inclusive searches for the strange pentaquark states Theta(+)(1540), Xi(--)(5)(1860) and Xi(5)(1860)(0) as well as the anti-charm pentaquark state Theta(C)(3099)(0) in a dataset of 123.4 fb(-1) collected on and 40MeV below the Y(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector at the e(+)e(-) PEP-II storage rings. No evidence for the pentaquark states is found and upper limits on the rate of Theta(+)(1540) and Xi(--)(5)(1860) production in e(+)e(-) annihilation are obtained. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 320 EP 324 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700037 ER PT S AU Goldman, T Wang, F Ping, JL Qing, D AF Goldman, T Wang, F Ping, JL Qing, D BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI PentaQuark mass and structure SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE pentaquark; quark models; color structure ID INTERMEDIATE RANGE ATTRACTION; COLOR SCREENING MODEL; QUARK DELOCALIZATION; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; MULTIQUARK STATES; DIBARYONS; SUBSTRUCTURE AB The Quark Delocalization, Color Screening Model has successfully reproduced the binding energy and structure of 9- and 12-quark systems that are small nuclei, namely He-3 and He-4, in a relativistic version. In a non-relativistic version it has successfully been applied to 6-quark systems to describe baryon-baryon potentials, phase shifts and cross sections. It is applied here to KN molecular, Jaffe-Wilczek, Karliner-Lipkin and tetrahedral structures proposed for the reported pentaquark state, Theta(+). In this model, we find that the excitation energy above KN threshold can be reproduced in some cases. The negative parity state is always found at a lower mass than the positive parity one. Concerns regarding additional physics effects which may obviate this result and a conjecture regarding two- vs. three-body final state production of the Theta(+) are also noted. C1 LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nanjing Univ, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. CERN, DH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU National Research Foundation of China [90103018, 10375030]; Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This research is supported by the National Research Foundation of China under grants 90103018, 10375030 and by the Department of Energy under contractW-7405-ENG-36. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 325 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700038 ER PT S AU Berger, N AF Berger, N BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI Studies of e(+)e(-) collisions with a hard initial-state photon at BaBar SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE spectroscopy; ISR; radiative return; BaBar ID FORM-FACTORS; MODEL AB We present preliminary BaBar measurements of hadronic cross sections in e(+)e(-) annihilation using the radiative return technique. The cross sections for e(+)e(-) -> p (p) over bar, 3(pi(+)pi(-)), 2(pi(+)pi(-))2 pi(0), and K(+)K(-)2(pi(+)pi(-)) are measured. Measurements of the proton form factor and of the ratio G(E)/G(M) are also shown. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Berger, N (reprint author), SLAC, MS 61, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700074 ER PT S AU Dudek, J Szczepaniak, A AF Dudek, J Szczepaniak, A BE Reis, A Gobel, C DeSaBorges, J Magnin, J TI The Deck effect in pi N -> pi pi pi N SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Financiadora Estudos & Projectos, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Banco Brasil DE partial wave analysis; hadro-production; meson resonances; Deck effect ID DIFFRACTIVE PRODUCTION; RESONANCE; MODEL AB Recent high-statistics analyses of the reaction pi p -> pi pi pi p have motivated a reconsideration of the Deck effect which was widely applied to such data in the 1960's and 70's. The Deck effect is essentially kinematic in origin yet considerable subtleties can arise when one attempts to model its contribution to the data. We will discuss previous Deck studies and propose how it may be constrairied further than was possible before using the data now available. C1 Jefferson Lab MS 12H2, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Indiana Univ, Phys Dept & Nuclear Theory Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Jefferson Lab MS 12H2, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0307-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 814 BP 587 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDZ03 UT WOS:000236279700085 ER PT S AU Carrado, KA Decarreau, A Petit, S Bergaya, F Lagaly, G AF Carrado, K. A. Decarreau, A. Petit, S. Bergaya, F. Lagaly, G. BE Bergaya, F Theng, BKG Lagaly, G TI SYNTHETIC CLAY MINERALS AND PURIFICATION OF NATURAL CLAYS SO HANDBOOK OF CLAY SCIENCE SE Developments in Clay Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; BEIDELLITE-SAPONITE SERIES; CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAYER CHARGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SEPIOLITE ALTERATION; KAOLINITE SYNTHESIS; UPTAKE KINETICS C1 [Carrado, K. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Decarreau, A.; Petit, S.] HydrASA, UMR 6532, F-8602 Poitiers, France. [Bergaya, F.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, CRMD, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Lagaly, G.] Univ Kiel, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Carrado, KA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, CHM 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 149 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-4352 BN 978-0-08-045763-5 J9 DEV CLAY SCI PY 2006 VL 1 BP 115 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01004-4 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA BCM53 UT WOS:000310710200005 ER PT S AU Gschneidner, KA Eick, HA Kang, ZC O'Keeffe, M Westrum, EF AF Gschneidner, Karl A., Jr. Eick, Harry A. Kang, Zhenchuan O'Keeffe, Michael Westrum, Edgar F., Jr. BE Gschneidner, KA Bunzli, JCG Pecharsky, VK TI DEDICATION TO LEROY EYRING SO HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS, VOL 36 SE Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter C1 [Gschneidner, Karl A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gschneidner, Karl A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Eick, Harry A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kang, Zhenchuan] REHOD, Stowe, MA 01775 USA. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85069 USA. [Westrum, Edgar F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4366 BN 978-0-08-046672-9 J9 HBK PHYS CHEM RARE PY 2006 VL 36 BP XI EP XXXIX DI 10.1016/S0168-1273(06)36008-4 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCO82 UT WOS:000310918100002 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Jackson, H Burger, A Kohman, KT Li, L James, RB AF Carini, G. A. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Jackson, H. Burger, A. Kohman, K. T. Li, L. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI Te inclusions and their relationship to the performance of CdZnTe detectors - art. no. 631906 SO Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; Te inclusions; synchrotron radiation; gamma ray detectors ID RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION; SPATIAL RESPONSE AB Te-rich secondary phases existing in CdZnTe (CZT) single crystals degrade the spectroscopic performance of these detectors. An unpredictable number of charges are trapped, corresponding to the abundance of these microscopic defects, thereby leading to fluctuations in the total collected charge and strongly affecting the uniformity of charge-collection efficiency. These effects, observed in thin planar detectors, also were found to be the dominant cause of the low performance of thick detectors, wherein the fluctuations accumulate along the charge's drift path. Reducing the size of Te inclusions from a virtual diameter of 10-20 mu m down to less than 5 mu m already allowed us to produce Frisch-ring detectors with a resolution as good as similar to 0.8% FWHM at 662 keV. Understanding and modeling the mechanisms involving Te-rich secondary phases and charge loss requires systematic studies on a spatial scale never before realized. Here, we describe a dedicated beam-line recently established at BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source for characterizing semiconductor detectors along with a IR system with counting capability that permits us to correlate the concentration of defects with the devices' performances. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6319 BP 31906 EP 31906 AR 631906 DI 10.1117/12.682982 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600003 ER PT S AU Campbell, D Vetter, K Lesko, K Henning, R Chan, YD Poon, A Perry, M AF Campbell, David Vetter, Kai Lesko, Kevin Henning, Reyco Chan, Yuen-Dat Poon, Alan Perry, Michelle BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI Progress in evaluation of multi-site rejection techniques in a highly-segmented HPGe detector in a low-background environment - art. no. 63190G SO Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Majorana; Ge-76; segmented HPGe detector; neutrino-less double beta decay AB A 40-fold segmented coaxial HPGe detector was operated in a low background counting facility for 1 year to experimentally evaluate background rejection efficiencies of proposed segmentation and pulse shape discrimination techniques for the proposed Majorana double-beta decay experiment. Significantly diminished resolution for multi-segment events was encountered due to inter-segment cross-talk. A cross-talk correlation matrix has been constructed allowing the restoration of acceptable energy resolution for multi-segment events. Efforts to determine the optimum segmentation pattern for multi-site interaction events are ongoing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Campbell, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6319 BP G3190 EP G3190 AR 63190G DI 10.1117/12.683854 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600012 ER PT S AU Stromswold, DC McCormick, K Todd, L Ashbaker, ED Evans, JC AF Stromswold, D. C. McCormick, K. Todd, L. Ashbaker, E. D. Evans, J. C. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI Experiences with radiation portal detectors for international rail transport - art. no. 63191M SO Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE portal monitor; polyvinyltoluene; sodium iodide; radiation detection; homeland security; NORM AB Radiation detectors monitored trains at two international borders to evaluate the performance of NaI(T1) and plastic (polyvinyltoluene: PVT) gamma-ray detectors to characterize rail cargo. The detectors included a prototype NaI(T1) radiation-portal-monitor panel having four large detectors (10-cm X 10-cm X 41-cm) and a PVT panel with a 41-cm X 173-cm x 3.8-cm detector. Spectral data from the NaI(T1) and PVT detectors were recorded. Of particular emphasis was the identification of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and the resultant frequency of nuisance alarms. For rail monitoring, the difficulty in stopping trains to perform secondary inspection on alarming cars creates a need for reliable identification of NORM during initial screening. Approximately 30 trains were monitored, and the commodities in individual railcars were ascertained from manifest information. At one test site, the trains carried inter-modal containers that had been unloaded from ships, and at the other site, the trains contained bulk cargo in tanker cars and hopper cars or individual items in boxcars or flatbeds. NORM encountered included potash, liquefied petroleum gas, fireworks, televisions, and clay-based products (e.g., pottery). Analysis of the spectral data included the use of the template-fitting portion of the program GADRAS developed at Sandia National Laboratories. For most of the NORM, the NaI(T1) data produced a correct identification of the radionuclides present in the railcars. The same analysis was also used for PVT data in which the spectral information (no peaks but only gradual spectral changes including Compton edges) was limited. However, the PVT analysis provided correct identification of K-40 and Ra-226 in many cases. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Stromswold, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6319 BP M3191 EP M3191 AR 63191M DI 10.1117/12.681075 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600045 ER PT S AU Camarda, GS Bolotnikov, AE Carini, GA Cui, Y Kohman, KT Li, L James, RB AF Camarda, G. S. Bolotnikov, A. E. Carini, G. A. Cui, Y. Kohman, K. T. Li, L. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI High spatial-resolution imaging of Te inclusions in CZT material - art. no. 63190Z SO Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; Te inclusions; gamma-ray detectors AB We present new results from our studies of defects in current single-crystal CdZnTe material. Our previous measurements, carried out on thin (similar to 1 mm) and long (> 12 mm) CZT detectors, indicated that small (1-20 mu m) Te inclusions can significantly degrade the device's energy resolution and detection efficiency. We are conducting detailed studies of the effects of Te inclusions by employing different characterization techniques with better spatial resolution, such as quantitative fluorescence mapping, X-ray micro-diffraction, and TEM. Also, IR microscopy and gamma-mapping with pulse-shape analysis with higher spatial resolution generated more accurate results in the areas surrounding the micro-defects (Te inclusions). Our results reveal how the performance of CdZnTe detectors is influenced by Te inclusions, such as their spatial distribution, concentration, and size. We also discuss a model of charge transport through areas populated with Te inclusions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6319 BP Z3190 EP Z3190 AR 63190Z DI 10.1117/12.682720 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600029 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Black, M Camarda, GS Carini, GA Cui, Y Kohman, KT Li, L Salomon, B James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Black, M. Camarda, G. S. Carini, G. A. Cui, Y. Kohman, K. T. Li, L. Salomon, B. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI The effect of Te precipitates on characteristics of CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; Te precipitates; gamma ray detectors AB The effects of Te precipitates on the performances of CdZnTe nuclear radiation detectors were investigated with wide X-ray or alpha-particle beams. In these measurements, the degradations in the device performances were correlated with the areas of high concentrations of Te precipitates aggregated around the crystalline defects or with large-size (> 100 mu m) individual precipitates. The critical role of the small-size, 1-20 mu m in diameter, precipitates was not clearly established, because of the large size of the particle beams used in prior studies (300-400-mu m diameter). Our recent measurements conducted with a highly collimated, < 10 mu m, x-ray beam and thin, similar to 1 mm, CZT crystals proved that even a single small-size precipitate affects the local charge transport properties in CdZnTe detectors. The next step is to determine the extent of the potential cumulative effect of randomly distributed Te precipitates on the properties of CZT detectors. In this work, we report on the modeling of the effects of Te precipitates on measurable characteristics such as energy resolution, detection efficiency, electron mobility-lifetime product, and others and compare with the experimental results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6319 AR 631903 DI 10.1117/12.682715 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600001 ER PT S AU Neal, JS Boatner, LA Spurrier, M Szupryczynski, P Melcher, CL AF Neal, John S. Boatner, Lynn A. Spurrier, Merry Szupryczynski, Piotr Melcher, Charles L. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI Cerium-doped mixed-alkali rare-earth double-phosphate scintillators for X- and gamma-ray detection SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE rare-earth scintillators; gamma-ray detectors; X-ray detectors; rare-earth phosphates ID VUV SCINTILLATION; ORTHOPHOSPHATES; LUPO4-ND AB Previous measurements of the scintillation properties of members of the single-alkali, rare-earth double-phosphate family have demonstrated high light output and fast decay times when exposed to ionizing radiation. Cerium-doped K3Lu(PO4)(2) and Rb3Lu(PO4)(2) scintillators have exhibited light outputs of 32,500 and 28,200 photons/MeV respectively and decay times of 37 and 34 nanoseconds respectively. Because of the ease with which the alkali constituents (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) of the crystal matrix may be interchanged (e.g. K2CsLu(PO4)(2) and CsLi2Lu(PO4)(2)), the rare-earth double-phosphate family of scintillators provides an ideal system for the study of matrix effects on scintillation efficiency and kinetics. In order to better understand and to ultimately optimize the scintillation properties of these scintillators, new members of the rare-earth double-phosphate family have been synthesized by high temperature flux growth. These new samples, represented by the general formula (A,B)(3)Lu(PO4)(2):Ce where A and B are alkali elements, incorporate mixed alkali rather than single alkali components and varying levels of Ce doping. Light output, scintillation decay times, and photoluminescence measurements for the most promising of the samples to date are reported. In this paper, we identify promising samples and results that clearly demonstrate outstanding light output, up to 270% of BGO, fast decay times, 29-39 nanoseconds, and peak emission wavelengths of similar to 400 nm for many of the samples. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neal, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nealjs1@ornl.gov RI Melcher, Charles/E-9818-2012; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Neal, John/R-8203-2016; OI Melcher, Charles/0000-0002-4586-4764; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235; Koschan, Merry/0000-0002-8686-8657 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6319 AR 631907 DI 10.1117/12.683884 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600004 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE AF Vanier, Peter E. BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Barber, HB Doty, FP Roehrig, H TI Analogies between neutron and gamma-ray imaging SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Penetrating Radiation Systems VIII CY AUG 14-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE neutron; gamma; image; camera; coded aperture; Compton; proton-recoil; double-scatter ID COMPTON CAMERA; DETECTORS; SPECTROMETER; MEDICINE; ARRAYS AB Although the physics describing the interactions of neutrons with matter is quite different from that appropriate for hard x-rays and gamma rays, there are a number of similarities that allow analogous instruments to be developed for both types of ionizing radiation. A pinhole camera, for example, requires that the radiation obeys some form of geometrical optics, that a material can be found to absorb some of the radiation, and that a suitable position-sensitive detector can be built to record the spatial distribution of the incident radiation. Such conditions are met for photons and neutrons, even though the materials used are quite different. Neutron analogues of the coded-aperture gamma camera and the Compton camera have been demonstrated. Even though the Compton effect applies only to photons, neutrons undergo proton-recoil scattering that can provide similar directional information. There is also an analogy in the existence of an energy spectrum for the radiation used to produce the images, and which may allow different types of sources to be distinguished from each other and from background. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 197C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vanier@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6398-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6319 AR 63190E DI 10.1117/12.682717 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI21 UT WOS:000241979600010 ER PT S AU Quinlan, D Ur, S Vuduc, R AF Quinlan, Dan Ur, Shmuel Vuduc, Richard BE Ur, S Bin, E Wolfsthal, Y TI An extensible open-source compiler infrastructure for testing SO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE VERIFICATION AND TESTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Haifa Verification Conference CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Haifa Univ, Haifa, ISRAEL SP IBM Haifa Res Lab HO Haifa Univ AB Testing forms a critical part of the development process for large-scale software, and there is growing need for automated tools that can read, represent, analyze, and transform the application's source code to help carry out testing tasks. However, the support required to compile applications written in common general purpose languages is generally inaccessible to the testing research community. In this paper, we report on an extensible, open-source compiler infrastructure called ROSE, which is currently in development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. ROSE specifically targets developers who wish to build source-based tools that implement customized analyses and optimizations for large-scale C, C++, and Fortran90 scientific computing applications (on the order of a million lines of code or more). However, much of this infrastructure can also be used to address problems in testing, and ROSE is by design broadly accessible to those without a formal compiler background. This paper details the interactions between testing of applications and the ways in which compiler technology can aid in the understanding of those applications. We emphasize the particular aspects of ROSE, such as support for the general analysis of whole programs, that are particularly well-suited to the testing research community and the scale of the problems that community solves. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IBM Corp, Haifa, Israel. RP Quinlan, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dquinlan@llnl.gov; ur@il.ibm.com; richie@llnl.gov; ur@il.ibm.com OI Vuduc, Richard/0000-0003-2178-138X NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-32604-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3875 BP 116 EP 133 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEJ61 UT WOS:000237451000009 ER PT S AU Thien, AB Puckett, AD Park, G Farrar, CR AF Thien, Andrew B. Puckett, Anthony D. Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. BE Kundu, T TI The use of time reversal methods with Lamb waves to identify structural damage in a pipeline system - art. no. 617708 SO Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems V CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2006 CL San Diego, CA DE time reversal; damage detection; structural health monitoring; Lamb waves ID GUIDED-WAVES; INSPECTION; PIPES AB Harsh environmental and operating conditions often leave pipeline systems prone to cracks, corrosion, and other aging defects. If left undetected, these forms of damage can lead to the failure of the pipeline system, which may have catastrophic consequences. Most current forms of health monitoring for pipeline systems involve nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. These techniques often require a pipeline system to be taken out of operation at regularly scheduled intervals so that a technician can perform a prescribed NDE measurement. Such a measurement also requires direct access to the pipe's exterior or interior surface. This access may require excavation if the pipe is underground and the removal of insulating layers when present. This research proposes the use of Macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuators for damage detection in pipeline structures. Because MFC actuators are durable and relatively inexpensive, they can be permanently bonded to the surface of a pipe during installation. Therefore, measurements for damage detection can be performed at any time, even while the system is still in operation. The time reversal methods use the propagation of Lamb waves to evaluate the structural health of a pipeline system. A burst waveform is used to excite Lamb waves in a pipe at an initial location using an array of MFC patches. The measured response at the actuation location is reversed in time and used as the excitation signal at the second location. The initial excitation signal is then compared to the final response signal. The performance of the time reversal methods was compared to the traditional methods of Lamb wave propagations using standard tone burst waveforms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thien, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T-001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6230-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6177 BP 17708 EP 17708 AR 617708 DI 10.1117/12.658773 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BEO66 UT WOS:000238482700008 ER PT J AU Wolbarst, AB Chiu, WA Yu, C Aiello, K Bachmaier, JT Bastian, RK Cheng, JJ Goodman, J Hogan, R Jones, AR Kamboj, S Lenhartt, T Ott, WR Rubin, A Salomon, SN Schmidt, DW Setlow, LW AF Wolbarst, AB Chiu, WA Yu, C Aiello, K Bachmaier, JT Bastian, RK Cheng, JJ Goodman, J Hogan, R Jones, AR Kamboj, S Lenhartt, T Ott, WR Rubin, A Salomon, SN Schmidt, DW Setlow, LW TI Radioactive materials in biosolids: Dose modeling SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE contamination; environmental; dose assessment; environmental assessment; environmental transport ID RISKS AB The Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards (ISCORS) has recently completed a study of the occurrence within the United States of radioactive materials in sewage sludge and sewage incineration ash. One component of that effort was an examination of the possible transport of radioactivity from sludge into the local environment and the subsequent exposure of humans. A stochastic environmental pathway model was applied separately to seven hypothetical, generic sludge-release scenarios, leading to the creation of seven tables of Dose-to-Source Ratios (DSR), which can be used in translating from specific activity in sludge into dose to an individual. These DSR values were then combined with the results of an ISCORS survey of sludge and ash at more than 300 publicly owned treatment works, to explore the potential for radiation exposure of sludge workers and members of the public. This paper provides a brief overview of the pathway modeling methodology employed in the exposure and dose assessments and discusses technical aspects of the results obtained. C1 US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Middlesex Cty Util Author, Sayreville, NJ USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Wolbarst, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Radiat Protect Div, Off Radiat & Indoor Air 6608J, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM wolbarst.anthony@epa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000176847.45395.ce PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 015LG UT WOS:000235552300004 PM 16340604 ER PT J AU Shanahan, J Eckerman, K Arndt, A Gold, C Patton, P Rudin, M Brey, R Gesell, T Rusetski, V Pagava, S AF Shanahan, J Eckerman, K Arndt, A Gold, C Patton, P Rudin, M Brey, R Gesell, T Rusetski, V Pagava, S TI Calculation of dose coefficients for radionuclides produced in a spallation neutron source utilizing nubase and the evaluated nuclear structure data file databases SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; biokinetics; modeling; dose assessment; computer calculations ID ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION AB Based on a mercury spallation neutron source target, the UNLV Transmutation Research Program has identified 72 radionuclides with a half-life greater than or equal to a minute as lacking an appropriate reference for a published dose coefficient according to existing radiation safety dose coefficient databases. A method was developed to compare the nuclear data presented in the ENSDF and NUBASE databases for these 72 radionuclides. Due to conflicting or lacking nuclear data in one or more of the databases, internal and external dose coefficient values have been calculated for only 14 radionuclides, which are not currently presented in Federal Guidance Reports Nos. 11, 12, and 13 or Publications 68 and 72 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Internal dose coefficient values are reported for inhalation and ingestion of 1 mu m and 5 mu m AMAD particulates along with the f(1) values and absorption types for the adult worker. Internal dose coefficient values are also reported for inhalation and ingestion of 1 mu m AMAD particulates as well as the f(1) values and absorption types for members of the public. Additionally, external dose coefficient values for air submersion, exposure to contaminated ground surface, and exposure to soil contaminated to an infinite depth are also presented. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Hlth Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Tbilisi State Univ, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Patton, P (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Hlth Phys, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,Box 453037, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM phillip.patton@ccmail.nevada.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000175837.08948.74 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 015LG UT WOS:000235552300008 PM 16340608 ER PT J AU Arndt, A Shanahan, J Gold, C Brey, R Gesell, T Patton, P Rudin, M Eckerman, K Rusetski, V Pagava, S AF Arndt, A Shanahan, J Gold, C Brey, R Gesell, T Patton, P Rudin, M Eckerman, K Rusetski, V Pagava, S TI Quality assurance methods and procedures used to verify consistency in calculating dose coefficients SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; biokinetics; modeling; dose assessment; computer calculations ID NUBASE EVALUATION; DECAY PROPERTIES; NUCLEAR AB The development of a spallation neutron source with a mercury target will lead to the production of rare radionuclides. The dose coefficients for many of these radionuclides have not yet been published. A collaboration of universities and national labs has taken on the task of calculating dose coefficients for the rare radionuclides using the software package DCAL. The working group developed a procedure for calculating dose coefficients and a quality assurance (QA) program to verify the calculations completed. The first portion of this QA program was to verify that each participating group could independently reproduce the dose coefficients for a known set of radionuclides. The second effort was to divide the group of rare radionuclides among the independent participants in a manner that assured that each radionuclide would be redundantly and independently calculated, and the results subsequently be submitted for publication in a separate manuscript. The final aspect of this program was to resolve any discrepancies arising among the participants as a group. The output of the various software programs for six QA radionuclides, Nd-144, Au-201, V-50, Co-61, Ar-41, and S-38 were compared among all members of the working group. Initially, a few differences in outputs were identified. This exercise identified weaknesses in the procedure, which has since been revised. After the revisions, dose coefficients were calculated and compared to published dose coefficients with good agreement. The present efforts involve generating dose coefficients for the rare radionuclides anticipated to be produced from the spallation neutron source should a mercury target be employed. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tbilisi State Univ, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RP Brey, R (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Campus Box 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM brey@physics.isu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000176545.97510.66 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 015LG UT WOS:000235552300010 PM 16340610 ER PT B AU Hubbard, CR Tang, F Aronov, MA Kobasko, NI Powell, JA Ferguson, BL Li, Z AF Hubbard, C. R. Tang, F. Aronov, M. A. Kobasko, N. I. Powell, J. A. Ferguson, B. L. Li, Z. GP ASM International BE Herring, D Hill, R TI Effect of Intensive Quenching on Residual Stress SO HEAT TREATING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd ASM-Heat-Treating-Society Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Heat Treating Soc DE steel parts; intensive quenching; residual stresses; neutron diffraction; FEM simulation AB The effect of two quenching processes on residual stress magnitudes and depth in cylindrical rods was studied using the second generation neutron diffraction residual stress mapping facility (NRSF2) at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor. The test specimens were 5160 steel rods 25 mm in diameter and 127 mm in length. Six different samples were evaluated. Three samples were quenched in highly agitated water by the Intensive Quench process and were tempered at two different temperatures. One intensively quenched sample was shot peened after tempering. Two specimens were conventionally quenched in oil and then tempered. One of the oil-quenched and tempered samples was shot peened. One as-received 5160 steel rod without heat-treatment was also tested. The surface and through thickness residual stresses in the six test specimens were measured by the X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods, respectively. The residual stress distribution for each quench process was also calculated using the DANTE computer program for modeling quench processes. The results of the study demonstrate that the intensive water quenching process significantly changes the through thickness residual stress distribution compared to the standard oil quench process. C1 [Hubbard, C. R.; Tang, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hubbard, CR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-81710-832-8 PY 2006 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPW16 UT WOS:000280139700050 ER PT B AU West, GB AF West, Geoffrey B. BE Pumain, D TI SIZE, SCALE AND THE BOAT RACE; CONCEPTIONS, CONNECTIONS AND MISCONCEPTIONS SO HIERARCHY IN NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES SE Methodos Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METABOLIC-RATE; TEMPERATURE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Santa Fe Inst, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP West, GB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Santa Fe Inst, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gbw@pion.lanl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-4127-3 J9 METHODS SER PY 2006 VL 3 BP 71 EP 80 D2 10.1007/1-4020-4127-6 PG 10 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BLM92 UT WOS:000270553000004 ER PT S AU Nusinovich, GS AF Nusinovich, GS BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Mode coupling in sheet-beam klystrons SO High Energy Density and High Power RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE AB The formalism is developed, which describes the effect of mode coupling in various linear-beam devices with an arbitrary geometry of cavities and electron beams. This formalism is used for analyzing the effect of mode coupling in sheet-beam klystrons. Examples considered include the effect of mode coupling on (a) conditions for self-excitation of monotron oscillations in a single cavity, (b) conditions for self-excitation in two successive cavities, where the RF field is leaking from the second cavity to the first one, thus forming a feedback loop, and (c) mode coupling effect in an input cavity where a driver excites the operating mode, but this mode due to the cavity and beam geometry can be coupled to another mode. The formalism can also be used for analyzing the mode coupling effect in devices where the RF field and beam distribution are known from code simulations. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nusinovich, GS (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 107 EP 119 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700012 ER PT S AU Scheitrum, G AF Scheitrum, G BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Design and construction of a W-band sheet beam klystron SO High Energy Density and High Power RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE sheet beam klystron ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB The design and construction of a 100 kW peak power, 2% duty, PCM focused, W-band sheet beam klystron is discussed. The elliptical cross section beam is produced by a new electron gun design using a cylindrical cathode and a racetrack shaped focus electrode. The multi-gap cavities produce acceptable values of R/Q and are designed to produce a uniform electric field over the width of the 12:1 aspect ratio beam. The prototype cavities are produced using normal machining, however, LIGA will be used to fabricate the cavities in production versions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scheitrum, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700013 ER PT S AU Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Haase, A Jongewaard, E Laurent, L Pearson, C Phillips, R AF Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Haase, A Jongewaard, E Laurent, L Pearson, C Phillips, R BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Latest results in SLAC 75 MW PPM klystrons SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE PPM; klystron; high power microwave; NLC AB 75 MW X-band klystrons utilizing Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing have been undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) for almost nine years. The klystron development has been geared toward realizing the necessary components for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The PPM devices built to date which fit this class of operation consist of a variety of 50 MW and 75 MW devices constructed by SLAC, KEK (Tsukuba, Japan) and industry. All these tubes follow from the successful SLAC design of a 50 MW PPM klystron in 1996. In 2004 the latest two klystrons were constructed and tested with preliminary results reported at EPAC2004. The first of these two devices was tested to the full NLC specifications of 75 MW, 1.6 microseconds pulse length, and 120 Hz. This 14.4 kW average power operation came with a tube efficiency > 50%. The most recent testing of these last two devices will be presented here. Design and manufacturing issues of the latest klystron, due to be tested by the Fall of 2005, are also discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC03-76SF00515] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEAC03-76SF00515 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 137 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700015 ER PT S AU Carlsten, BE Russell, SJ Haynes, WB Krawczyk, F Smirnova, E Wang, ZF Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S AF Carlsten, BE Russell, SJ Haynes, WB Krawczyk, F Smirnova, E Wang, ZF Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI MM-wave source development at Los Alamos SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE beam dynamics; beam transport; microwave tube AB W-band source research at Los Alamos is focused on developing a high peak and average power, wideband traveling-wave tube, based on the interaction of a sheet electron beam with a planar slow-wave structure. We report on progress on the formation and transport of high-aspect ratio sheet beams, the rf structure design, a low-power gain demonstration experiment, and future advanced concepts including use of a photonic band gap structure as the slow-wave structure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. MDS Co, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Field Prescis, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laborator FX This work was supported by funds from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory, operated by the University of California for the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 326 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700042 ER PT S AU Earley, L Carlsten, B Krawczyk, F Potter, J Sigler, F Smirnova, E Wheat, R Heath, C Bailey, A AF Earley, L Carlsten, B Krawczyk, F Potter, J Sigler, F Smirnova, E Wheat, R Heath, C Bailey, A BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Wideband RE structure for millimeter wave TWTs SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE TWT; millimeter wave AB LANL has developed a new vane loaded waveguide RF structure for a sheet electron beam traveling wave tube (TW7). The goal was to create a new class of wideband RF structures that allow simple mechanical fabrication and have geometry suitable for interaction with sheet electron beams. We have concentrated oil structures at 94 GHz. We have achieved 6% bandwidth and believe that 10% is possible. We have performed 31) electromagnetic simulations using the codes Microwave Studio and HFSS, and fabricated several aluminium cold models of RF structures at 10GHz to confirm the design. Agreement between the 10 GHz cold test data and computer simulations was excellent. Ail R-F structure at 94GHz was fabricated using electrical discharge machining (EDM) with a 0.004 inch wire and cold tested. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. J P Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700043 ER PT S AU Vikharev, A Gorbachev, A Kozlov, A Litvak, A Bykov, Y Caplan, M AF Vikharev, A Gorbachev, A Kozlov, A Litvak, A Bykov, Y Caplan, M BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Investigation of the millimeter-wave plasma assisted CVD reactor SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE plasma; chemical vapor deposition; millimeter-waves; gyrotron AB A polycrystalline diamond grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is recognized as a unique material for high power electronic devices owing to unrivaled combination of properties such as ultra-low microwave absorption, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength and chemical stability. Microwave vacuum windows for modem high power sources and transmission lines operating at the megawatt power level require high quality diamond disks with a diameter of several centimeters and a thickness of a few millimeters. The microwave plasma-assisted CVD technique exploited today to produce such disks has low deposition rate, which limits the availability of large size diamond disk windows. High-electron-density plasma generated by the millimeter-wave power was suggested for enhanced-growth-rate CVD. In this paper a general description of the 30 GHz gyrotron-based facility is presented. The output radiation of the gyrotron is converted into four wave-beams, Free localized plasma in the shape of a disk with diameter much larger than the wavelength of the radiation is formed in the intersection area of the wave-beams, The results of investigation of the plasma parameters, as well as the first results of diamond film deposition are presented. The prospects for commercially producing vacuum window diamond disks for high power microwave devices at much lower costs and processing times than currently available are outlined. C1 Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. FU US Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48]; IPP program [LLNL-T2- 224-RU]; Russian Ministry of Science and Education [40.031.1.1.1183] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and funded under the IPP program, project LLNL-T2- 224-RU, as well funded by the contract no. 40.031.1.1.1183 of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 342 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700044 ER PT S AU Boyce, JR AF Boyce, JR BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI The Jefferson Lab high power light source SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE FEL; free-electron laser; infrared; UV; THz; high average power; energy recovery linacs AB Jefferson Lab has designed, built and operated two high average power free-electron lasers (FEL) using superconducting RF (SRF) technology and energy recovery techniques. Between 1999-2001 Jefferson Lab operated the IR Demo FEL. This device produced over 2 kW in the mid-infrared, in addition to producing world record average powers in the visible (50 W), ultraviolet (10 W) and terahertz range (50 W) for tunable, short-pulse (< ps) light. This FEL was the first high power demonstration of an accelerator configuration that is being exploited for a number of new accelerator-driven light source facilities that are currently under design or construction. The driver accelerator for the IR Demo FEL uses an Energy Recovered Linac (ERL) configuration that improves the energy efficiency and lowers both the capital and operating cost of such devices by recovering most of the power in the spent electron beam after optical power is extracted from the beam. The IR Demo FEL was de-commissioned in late 2001 for an upgraded FEL for extending the IR power to over 10 kW and the ultraviolet power to over 1 kW. The FEL Upgrade achieved 10 kW of average power in the mid-IR (6 microns) in July of 2004, and its IR operation currently is being extended down to 1 micron. In addition, we have demonstrated the capability of on/off cycling and recovering over a megawatt of electron beam power without diminishing machine performance. A complementary UV FEL will come on-line within the next year. This paper presents a summary of the FEL characteristics, user community accomplishments with the IR Demo, and planned user experiments. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 24606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 24606 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700045 ER PT S AU Conde, ME Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, R Liu, W Power, JG Wang, H Yusof, Z AF Conde, ME Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, R Liu, W Power, JG Wang, H Yusof, Z BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Dielectric loaded wakefield structures for RF power generation SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE wakefield; acceleration; dielectric AB A 15 GHz dielectric loaded wakefield structure has been used to extract energy from a 13 MeV electron beam. Short electron bunches (13 ps FWHM) of up to 43 nC traversed the structure, generating an accelerating field of similar to 23 MV/m. The structure consists of a cylindrical ceramic tube (cordierite) with a dielectric constant of 5, inner and outer radii of 5 mm and 7.49 mm, respectively. The 102 mm long dielectric cylinder is inserted into a cylindrical copper waveguide. Short metallic cylinders, with the same inner and outer radii as the ceramic, are inserted on both ends of the copper waveguide, making it a standing wave structure. A field probe present near the outer edge of the dielectric samples the RF field generated by the electron bunches. This signal is then sent to a mixer circuit, where the 15 GHz signal is down converted to 5 GHz and sent to an oscilloscope. We present measurements made with single electron bunches and also with two bunches separated by 1.5 ns. As a next step in these experiments, another structure, with an output coupler, has been designed and is presently being fabricated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU US Department of Energy [W-31-109- ENG-38] FX Work supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. W-31-109- ENG-38. The authors wish to express their deep appreciation for the invaluable technical support provided by Felipe Franchini. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 401 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700051 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, C Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Du, X Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, C Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Du, X Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Development of a dielectric-loaded accelerator test facility based on an x-band magnicon amplifier (abstract) SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RWBruce Associates Inc, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 FU U.S. Office of High Energy Physics; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by U.S. Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700052 ER PT S AU Petelin, M Tantawi, S Danilov, Y AF Petelin, M Tantawi, S Danilov, Y BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Selective coupling using patterns of perforations between modes of oversized structures SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE high power microwaves; quasi-optics; high order modes; mode selection AB For two sub-systems with a common bi-periodic (2D) perforated wall, conditions for selective coupling between modes are analyzed. Two models are discussed: 1) a directional coupler between a cylindrical waveguide operating in a high-order mode and a whispering-gallery mode of an outer coaxial waveguide and 2) a launcher into a gyrotron cavity of a high-order rotating mode, using a coaxial perforated waveguide insert. C1 Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 416 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700054 ER PT S AU Dolgashev, VA Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD AF Dolgashev, VA Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Design of a compact, multi-megawatt circular TE01 mode converter SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE computer-aided design; microwave waveguide AB Experience gained during the recent operation of high power 11.424 GHz rf sources for accelerators led to new, stricter requirements for system components. One of the basic components of such a system is a mode converter that transforms the rectangular waveguide mode into the TE01 circular waveguide mode. With such a converter, it is possible to minimize the use of WR90 rectangular waveguide which was shown to be it weak part of the previous system at power levels higher than 100 MW and pulse lengths on the order of a microsecond. We used several methods to design it compact mode converter with extremely low parasitic mode conversion. These methods employ HFSS[1] and include multi-parameter searches, concurrent optimization with a mode-matching code CASCADE[2], cascading of resulting S-matrices, and tolerance analyses. This paper describes the design methods and presents results. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 431 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700056 ER PT S AU Guo, JQ Tantawi, S AF Guo, JQ Tantawi, S BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Development of ultra-fast silicon switches for active X-band high power RF compression systems SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE RF switch; pulse compression; semiconductor; PIN diode AB We present the recent results of our research on the high power ultra-fast silicon RF switches. This switch is composed of a group of PIN diodes on a high purity silicon wafer. The wafer is inserted into a cylindrical waveguide under TE01 mode, performing switching by injecting carriers into the bulk silicon. Our current design uses a CMOS compatible process and the device was fabricated at SNF (Stanford Nanofabrication Facility). 300 ns switching time has been observed, while the switching speed can be improved further with 3-D device structure and faster driving circuit. Power handling capacity of the switch is at the level of 10 MW. The switch was designed for active X-band RF pulse compression systems - especially for NLC, but it is also possible to be modified for other applications and other frequencies. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 454 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700059 ER PT S AU Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Kuzikov, SV Koldanov, VA Lobaev, MA Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Hirshfield, JL Tantawi, S Nantista, C AF Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Kuzikov, SV Koldanov, VA Lobaev, MA Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Hirshfield, JL Tantawi, S Nantista, C BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Experiments on active RF pulse compressors using plasma switches SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE magnicon; active RF pulse compression; resonator; plasma switch AB Summarized results obtained in several experiments on active RF pulse compression at X-band using the Omega-P/NRL magnicon are presented. In these experiments RF energy is stored in two parallel-fed resonators and then discharged using switches activated with rapidly-fired plasma discharge tubes. New results with both transmission and reflection switches are reported, with peak power gains in the range of 8-10. The application of developed plasma switches for an electrically controlled switching of an existing passive pulse compressor SLED-II for increasing its efficiency is discussed. The low-power test of the plasma switch with a 35 in SLED-II delay line is described. C1 Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 FU US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 463 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700060 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG Dolgashev, VA Nantista, CD Guo, J AF Tantawi, SG Dolgashev, VA Nantista, CD Guo, J BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI On the RF systems of the ILC (abstract) SO High Energy Density and High Power RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700062 ER PT S AU Vlieks, AE Akre, R Caryotakis, G DeStefano, C Frederick, WJ Heritage, JP Luhmann, NC Martin, D Pellegrini, C AF Vlieks, AE Akre, R Caryotakis, G DeStefano, C Frederick, WJ Heritage, JP Luhmann, NC Martin, D Pellegrini, C BE Abe, DK Nusinovich, GS TI Recent measurements and plans for the SLAC Compton x-ray source SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Kalamata, GREECE SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Davis, Univ Maryland, US DOE DE Compton x-rays; RF gun; optoelectric; terahertz AB A compact source of monoenergetic x-rays, generated via Compton backscattering, has been developed in a collaboration between UC Davis and SLAC. The source consists of a 5.5 cell X-band photoinjector, a 1.05 m long high gradient accelerator structure and an interaction chamber where a high power (TW), short pulse (sub-ps) infrared laser beam is brought into a nearly head-on collision with a high quality focused electron beam. Successful completion of this project will result in the capability of generating a monoenergetic x-ray beam, continuously tunable from 20-85 keV. We have completed a series of measurements leading up to the generation of monoenergetic X-rays. Measurements of essential electron beam parameters and the techniques used in establishing electron/photon collisions will be presented. We discuss the design of an improved interaction chamber, future electro-optic experiments using this chamber and plans for expanding the overall program to the generation of Terahertz radiation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 33,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 33,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0298-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 807 BP 481 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BDR87 UT WOS:000235149700063 ER PT S AU Derylo, G Diehl, HT Estrada, J AF Derylo, Greg Diehl, H. Thomas Estrada, Juan BE Dorn, DA Holland, AD TI 0.25mm-thick CCD packaging for the Dark Energy Survey Camera array - art. no. 627608 SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II CY MAY 24-27, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astronomy Inc, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observat, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astronomy Res Council, UK Astronomy Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE CCD; packaging AB The Dark Energy Survey Camera focal plane array will consist of 62 2k x 4k CCDs with a pixel size of 15 microns and a silicon thickness of 250 microns for use at wavelengths between 400 and 1000 run. Bare CCD die will be received from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). At the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the bare die will be packaged into a custom back-side-illuminated module design. Cold probe data from LBNL will be used to select the CCDs to be packaged. The module design utilizes an aluminum nitride readout board and spacer and an Invar foot. A module flatness of 3 microns over small (1 sqcm) areas and less than 10 microns over neighboring areas on a CCD are required for uniform images over the focal plane. A confocal chromatic inspection system is being developed to precisely measure flatness over a grid up to 300 x 300 mm. This system will be utilized to inspect not only room-temperature modules, but also cold individual modules and partial arrays through flat dewar windows. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Derylo, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6341-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6276 BP 27608 EP 27608 AR 627608 DI 10.1117/12.672505 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFB08 UT WOS:000240594700009 ER PT S AU Holland, SE Bebek, CJ Dawson, KS Emes, JH Fabricius, MH Fairfield, JA Groom, DE Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Palaio, NP Roe, NA Wang, G AF Holland, S. E. Bebek, C. J. Dawson, K. S. Emes, J. H. Fabricius, M. H. Fairfield, J. A. Groom, D. E. Karcher, A. Kolbe, W. F. Palaio, N. P. Roe, N. A. Wang, G. BE Dorn, DA Holland, AD TI High-voltage-compatible, fully depleted CCDs - art. no. 62760B SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II CY MAY 24-27, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astronomy Inc, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observat, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astronomy Res Council, UK Astronomy Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE CCD; PSF; fully depleted; high voltage; channel stop; static induction transistor; x-ray detection ID CHARGE-COUPLED-DEVICES; SILICON; ENERGY; FIELD AB We describe charge-coupled device (CCD) development activities at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Back-illuminated CCDs fabricated on 200-300 mu m thick, fully depleted, high-resistivity silicon substrates are produced in partnership with a commercial CCD foundry. The CCDs are fully depleted by the application of a substrate bias voltage. Spatial resolution considerations require operation of thick, fully depleted CCDs at high substrate bias voltages. We have developed CCDs that are compatible with substrate bias voltages of at least 200V. This improves spatial resolution for a given thickness, and allows for full depletion of thicker CCDs than previously considered. We have demonstrated full depletion of 650-675 mu m thick CCDs, with potential applications in direct x-ray detection. In this work we discuss the issues related to high-voltage operation of fully depleted CCDs, as well as experimental results on high-voltage-compatible CCDs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holland, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; Fairfield, Jessamyn/P-9054-2016 OI Fairfield, Jessamyn/0000-0002-2143-9077 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6341-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6276 BP B2760 EP B2760 AR 62760B DI 10.1117/12.672393 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFB08 UT WOS:000240594700012 ER EF