FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU O'Connor, P Radeka, V Figer, D Geary, JG Gilmore, DK Oliver, J Stubbs, CW Takacs, PZ Tysong, JA AF O'Connor, P. Radeka, V. Figer, D. Geary, J. G. Gilmore, D. K. Oliver, J. Stubbs, C. W. Takacs, P. Z. Tysong, J. A. BE Dorn, DA Holland, AD TI Study of silicon thickness optimization for LSST - art. no. 62761W SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II CY MAY 24-27, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astronomy Inc, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, European SE Observat, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astronomy Res Council, UK Astronomy Technol Ctr, Univ Florida, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon DE LSST; quantum efficiency; point spread function; overdepletion AB Sensors for the LSST camera require high quantum efficiency (QE) extending into the near-infrared. A relatively large thickness of silicon is needed to achieve this extended red response. However, thick sensors degrade the point spread function (PSF) due to diffusion and to the divergence of the fast f/1.25 beam. In this study we examine the tradeoff of QE and PSF as a function of thickness, wavelength, temperature, and applied electric field for fully-depleted sensors. In addition we show that for weakly absorbed long-wavelength light, optimum focus is achieved when the beam waist is positioned slightly inside the silicon. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6341-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6276 BP W2761 EP W2761 AR 62761W DI 10.1117/12.673393 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFB08 UT WOS:000240594700055 ER PT S AU Baumann, R Engelmann, C Geist, A AF Baumann, Ronald Engelmann, Christian Geist, Al BE Gerndt, M Kranzlmuller, D TI A parallel plug-in programming paradigm SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2006) CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Munich, GERMANY SP HP, Intel, Megware, ParTec, Transtec ID HARNESS AB Software component architectures allow assembly of applications from individual software modules based on clearly defined programming interfaces, thus improving the reuse of existing solutions and simplifying application development. Furthermore, the plug-in programming paradigm additionally enables runtime reconfigurability, making it possible to adapt to changing application needs, such as different application phases, and system properties, like resource availability, by loading/unloading appropriate software modules. Similar to parallel programs, parallel plug-ins are an abstraction for a set of cooperating individual plug-ins within a parallel application utilizing a software component architecture. Parallel programming paradigms apply to parallel plug-ins in the same way they apply to parallel programs. The research presented in this paper targets the clear definition of parallel plug-ins and the development of a parallel plug-in programming paradigm. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baumann, R (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. EM r.baumann@reading.ac.uk; c.engelmann@reading.ac.uk; gst@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-39368-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4208 BP 823 EP 832 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFF44 UT WOS:000241591300085 ER PT S AU Schulz, M Kranzlmuller, D de Supinski, BR AF Schulz, Martin Kranzlmueller, Dieter de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Gerndt, M Kranzlmuller, D TI Exploring unexpected behavior in MPI SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2006) CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Munich, GERMANY SP HP, Intel, Megware, ParTec, Transtec AB MPI has become the dominant programming paradigm in high performance computing partly due to its portability: an MPI application can run on a wide range of architectures. Unfortunately, portability in MPI is only guaranteed for compiling codes; it does not necessarily mean that an MPI program will actually result in the same behavior on different platforms. The MPITEST suite provides a series of micro kernels to test MPT implementations across different systems. All codes of MPITEST conform to the MPI standard; however, their behavior is implementation dependent, potentially leading to unexpected results. In this paper we introduce MPITEST and present examples from the test suite along with their surprising results and consequences on a series of platforms. The goal of this work is to demonstrate this problem in general and to raise awareness in the MPI user community. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Johannes Kepler Univ, Inst Graphics & Parallel Proc, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RP Schulz, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 805,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schulzm@llnl.gov; dk@gup.jku.at; bronis@llnl.gov; dk@gup.jku.at NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-39368-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4208 BP 843 EP 852 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFF44 UT WOS:000241591300087 ER PT S AU Zhang, L Parashur, M Klasky, S AF Zhang, Li Parashur, Manish Klasky, Scott BE Robert, Y Parashar, M Badrinath, R Prasanna, VK TI Experiments with wide area data coupling using the seine coupling framework SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC 2006) CY DEC 18-21, 2006 CL Bangalore, INDIA AB Emerging scientific and engineering simulations often require the coupling of multiple physics models and associated parallel codes that execute independently and in a distributed manner. Realizing these simulations in distributed environments presents several challenges. This paper describes experiences with wide-area coupling for a coupled fusion simulation using the Seine coupling framework. Seine provides a dynamic geometry-based virtual shared space abstraction and supports flexible, efficient and scalable coupling, data redistribution and data streaming. The design and implementation of the coupled fusion simulation using Seine, and an evaluation of its performance and overheads in a wide-area environment are presented. C1 Rutgers State Univ, TASSL, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Klasky, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, TASSL, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ACI 9984357, EIA 0103674, EIA 0120934, ANI 0335244, CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354, IIS 0430826]; Department of Energy [DEFG02-06ER54857] FX The research presented in this paper is supported in part by National Science Foundation via grants numbers ACI 9984357, EIA 0103674, EIA 0120934, ANI 0335244, CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354 and IIS 0430826, and by Department of Energy via the grant number DEFG02-06ER54857. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-68039-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4297 BP 229 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFU72 UT WOS:000244717400019 ER PT B AU Carter, J Oliker, L AF Carter, Jonathan Oliker, Leonid BE Resch, M Bonisch, T Benkert, K Furui, T Seo, Y Bez, W TI Performance evaluation of Lattice-Boltzmann magnet ohydro dynamics simulations on modern parallel vector systems SO High Performance Computing on Vector Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Teraflop Workbench Workshop CY MAR 17-18, 2005 CL Stuttgart, GERMANY SP High Performance Comp Ctr AB The last decade has witnessed a rapid proliferation of superscalar cache-based microprocessors to build high-end computing (HEC) platforms, primarily because of their generality, scalability, and cost effectiveness. However, the growing gap between sustained and peak performance for full-scale scientific applications on such platforms has become major concern in high performance computing. The latest generation of custom-built parallel vector systems have the potential to address this concern for numerical algorithms with sufficient regularity in their computational structure. In this work, we explore two and three dimensional implementations of a lattice-Boltzmann magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) physics application, on some of today's most powerful supercomputing platforms. Results compare performance between the the vector-based Cray X1, Earth Simulator, and newly-released NEC SX-8, with the commodity-based superscalar platforms of the IBM Power3, Intel Itanium2, and AMD Opteron. Overall results show that the SX-8 attains unprecedented aggregate performance across our evaluated applications. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Carter, Jonathan/0000-0001-9006-7636 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 3-540-29124-5 PY 2006 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/3-540-35074-8_3 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEP72 UT WOS:000238678000003 ER PT J AU Liao, WK Choudhary, A Coloma, K Ward, L Russell, E Pundit, N AF Liao, Wei-Keng Choudhary, Alok Coloma, Kenin Ward, Lee Russell, Eric Pundit, Neil BE Yang, LT Guo, M TI MPI Atomicity and Concurrent Overlapping I/O SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING: PARADIGM AND INFRASTRUCTURE SE Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Liao, Wei-Keng; Choudhary, Alok; Coloma, Kenin] Northwestern Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ward, Lee; Russell, Eric; Pundit, Neil] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liao, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73271-6 J9 WILEY SER PARA DIST PY 2006 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1002/0471732710.ch10 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYB35 UT WOS:000297811800011 ER PT S AU Wang, YC Hoechbauer, T Swadener, JG Darling, T Misra, A Hoagland, R Nastasi, M AF Wang, Y. -C. Hoechbauer, T. Swadener, J. G. Darling, T. Misra, A. Hoagland, R. Nastasi, M. BE Brebbia, CA TI Study on fatigue and energy-dissipation properties of nanolayered Cu/Nb thin films SO High Performance Structures and Materials III SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on High Performance Structures and Materials CY MAY 03-05, 2006 CL Oostende, BELGIUM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Free Univ Brussels, High Performance Struct & Mat Book Series DE nanolayered thin films; fatigue; loss tangent AB Energy dissipation and fatigue properties of nano-layered thin films are less well studied than bulk properties. Existing experimental methods for studying energy dissipation properties, typically using magnetic interaction as a driving force at different frequencies and a laser-based deformation measurement system, are difficult to apply to two-dimensional materials. We propose a novel experimental method to perform dynamic testing on thin-film materials by driving a cantilever specimen at its fixed end with a bimorph piezoelectric actuator and monitoring the displacements of the specimen and the actuator with a fibre-optic system. Upon vibration, the specimen is greatly affected by its inertia, and behaves as a cantilever beam under base excitation in translation. At resonance, this method resembles the vibrating reed method conventionally used in the viscoelasticity community. The loss tangent is obtained from both the width of a resonance peak and a free-decay process. As for fatigue measurement, we implement a control algorithm into LabView to maintain maximum displacement of the specimen during the course of the experiment. The fatigue S-N curves are obtained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 1-84564-162-0 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2006 VL 85 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.2495/HPSM06031 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BEK04 UT WOS:000237505000031 ER PT S AU Lee, RW Moon, SJ Chung, HK Cauble, RC Glenzer, S Landen, OL Rose, SJ Scott, HA Gregori, G Riley, D AF Lee, R. W. Moon, S. J. Chung, H. K. Cauble, R. C. Glenzer, S. Landen, O. L. Rose, S. J. Scott, H. A. Gregori, G. Riley, D. BE Phipps, CR TI High energy density science with FELs, intense short pulse tunable x-ray sources - art. no. 626101 SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE High Energy Density Science; free-electron lasers; Fourth Generation Light Sources ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; PLASMA; MATTER; LASERS; FOILS AB Short pulse (< 100 fs) tunable X-ray and VUV laser sources, based on the. free electron laser (FEL) concept, will be a watershed for high energy density research in several areas. These new 4(th) generation light sources will have extremely high fields and short wavelength (similar to 0.1 nm) with peak spectral brightness -photons/(s/mrad(2)/mm(2)/0.1% bandwidth- 10(10) greater than 3(rd) generation light sources. We briefly discuss several applications: the creation of warm dense matter (WDM), probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser-plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based probes that can directly access the matter in this regime have been unavailable and these new 4(th) generation sources will remove these restrictions. Finally, we present the plans for a user-oriented set of facilities that will incorporate high-energy, intense short-pulse, and x-ray lasers at the first x-ray FEL, the LCLS to be opened at SLAC in 2009. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399, Livermore, CA USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP 26101 EP 26101 AR 626101 DI 10.1117/12.674424 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500001 ER PT S AU Moore, DS Bolme, CA McGrane, SD Funk, DJ AF Moore, David S. Bolme, Cynthia A. McGrane, Shawn D. Funk, David J. BE Phipps, CR TI Single pulse ultrafast dynamic ellipsometry - art. no. 626105 SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE ellipsometry; index of refraction; shock waves; dynamics ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; SHOCK-WAVES; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; COMPRESSION; AMPLITUDE AB Ellipsometry is a very useful optical technique to probe the complex index of refraction of a material. We perform dynamic ellipsometry using ultrafast lasers to probe the complex index dynamics during passage of compressional shock waves through materials of interest. When used to measure passage of a shock wave through dielectric materials, dynamic ellipsometry provides a direct measure of the equation of state (except temperature). In addition, the changes in complex index can be used to measure phase transformations and their kinetics. Using two CCD cameras and two Wollaston prisms, ellipsometric data at two incidence angles and two polarizations can be obtained simultaneously. Adding a spectrograph in front of each CCD camera and using chirped probe pulses and frequency domain interferometry provides a few hundred ps of ellipsometric data from a single shock event. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Mcgrane, Shawn/0000-0002-2978-3980 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP 26105 EP 26105 AR 626105 DI 10.1117/12.674782 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500004 ER PT S AU Tierney, TE Cobble, JA DeVolder, BG Hoffman, NM Tubbs, DL Bradley, PA Goldman, SR Magelssen, GR Paisley, DL AF Tierney, Thomas E. Cobble, James A. DeVolder, Barbara G. Hoffman, Nelson M. Tubbs, David L. Bradley, Paul A. Goldman, S. Robert Magelssen, Glenn R. Paisley, Dennis L. BE Phipps, CR TI Gold wall ablation and hohlraum filling measurements of vacuum and gas-filled hohlraums - art. no. 626106 SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE laser ablation; hohlraum; National Ignition Facility; high power lasers; Omega ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; SYMMETRY EXPERIMENTS; LASER; NOVA; ENERGY; SYSTEM; POWER AB An understanding of the timing and dynamics of hohlraum filling by laser-induced gold wall ablation is critical to the performance of indirectly-driven fusion ignition designs for the National Ignition Facility [E. Moses and C. Wuest, Fusion Science and Technology, 43, 420 (2003)]. Hohlraum wall ablation negatively affects ignition hohlraum performance by (1) reducing laser coupling by increasing backscatter by laser plasma instabilities, e.g., stimulated Brillouin scattering, (2) altering where lagers couple by moving the critical surface away from the walls and changing the refractive index, and (3), in the case of vacuum hohlraums, ablating directly into contact with the ablation layer of the fuel capsule. We report on measurements of gold-filling of hohlraums from a series of OMEGA laser [T.R. Boehly, R.L. McCrory, C.P. Verdon et aL, Fusion Engineering and Design, 44, 35 (1999)] experiments involving vacuum and gas-filled hohlraums. On-axis x-ray imaging of gold self-emission shows delayed filling for gas-filled hohlraums, as expected. In addition, we present data on the hohlraum temperature penalty incurred with the use of a I-atmosphere methane-fill. We discuss data and simulation predictions for I-atmosphere neopentane filled hohlraums driven with a modified laser pulse. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tierney, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP 26106 EP 26106 AR 626106 DI 10.1117/12.686292 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500005 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, I Babzien, M Pavlishin, I Stolyarov, D Yakimenko, V Shkolnikov, P Pukhov, A Zhidkov, A Platonenko, VT AF Pogorelsky, Igor Babzien, Markus Pavlishin, Igor Stolyarov, Daniil Yakimenko, Vitaly Shkolnikov, Peter Pukhov, Alexander Zhidkov, Alexei Platonenko, Victor T. BE Phipps, CR TI Terawatt CO2 laser: a new tool for strong-field research - art. no. 626118 SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE CO2 laser; proton beams; ion acceleration; ablation; plasma ID ION-ACCELERATION; LASER-PULSE; GENERATION; PICOSECOND AB We describe the physical principles and architecture of a multi-stage picosecond terawatt CO2 laser system, PITER-I, operational at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The laser is a part of the DOE user's facility open for international scientific community. One of the prospective strong-field physics applications of PITER-I is the production of proton- and heavy-ion beams upon- irradiating thin-film targets and gas jets. We discuss the possibilities for upgrading a CO2 laser to a multi-terawatt femtosecond regime. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP 26118 EP 26118 AR 626118 DI 10.1117/12.667811 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500033 ER PT S AU Bass, IL Draggoo, VG Guss, GM Hackel, RP Norton, MA AF Bass, Isaac L. Draggoo, Vaughn G. Guss, Gabriel M. Hackel, Richard P. Norton, Mary A. BE Phipps, CR TI Mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica NIF optics with a galvanometer scanned CO2 laser - art. no. 62612A SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE mitigation; CO2; fused silica; laser damage; galvanometer; scanning AB Economic operation of the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory depends on controlling growth of laser damage in the large, high cost optics exposed to UV light at 351 nm. Mitigation of the growth of damage sites on fused silica surfaces greater than several hundred microns in diameter has been previously reported by us using galvanometer scanning of a tightly focused 10.6 mu m CO2 laser spot over an area encompassing the laser damage. Further investigation revealed that fused silica vapor re-deposited on the surface as "debris" led to laser damage at unexpectedly low fluences when exposed to multiple laser shots at 351 run. Additionally, laser power and spatial mode fluctuations in the mitigation laser led to poor repeatability of the process. We also found that the shape of the mitigation pit could produce downstream intensification that could damage other NIF optics. Modifications were made to both the laser system and the mitigation process in order to address these issues. Debris was completely eliminated by these changes, but repeatability and downstream intensification issues still persist. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bass, IL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP A2612 EP A2612 AR 62612A DI 10.1117/12.669393 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500058 ER PT S AU Flippo, KA Hegelich, BM Schmitt, MJ Gauthier, DC Meserole, CA Fisher, GL Cobble, JA Johnson, RA Letzring, SA Fernandez, JC Schollmeier, M Schreiber, J AF Flippo, Kirk A. Hegelich, B. Manuel Schmitt, Mark J. Gauthier, D. Cort Meserole, Chad A. Fisher, Gregory L. Cobble, James A. Johnson, Randall A. Letzring, Samuel A. Fernandez, Juan C. Schollmeier, Marius Schreiber, Jorg BE Phipps, CR TI Ablation cleaning techniques for high-power short-pulse laser-produced heavy-ion targets - art. no. 62612I SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE short-pulse; femtosecond; ion acceleration; laser ablation ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PROTON GENERATION; HOT-ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; BEAMS AB It has become apparent in the last few years that the light ion surface contamination on short-pulse laser targets is a major impediment to the acceleration of heavier target ions. Mitigation strategies have been tested in experiments at the Los Alamos Trident Laser facility using one arm of the Trident laser at 150 ps to ablatively clean a large area of heated targets in a single short that are subsequently irradiated by the Trident 30 TW short-pulse arm to accelerate the bulk target ions to high energies. This process was used on targets consisting of 15 microns of vanadium. The 150 ps pulse rids the rear of the target of its omnipresent surface contamination layer, consisting mainly of water vapor and hydrocarbons, and allows the Trident 30 TW short-pulse arm to illuminate the target and accelerate ions via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Because this mechanism relies on a laser generated electrostatic sheath, the ions with the lightest charge to mass ratio (i.e. protons) would be accelerated preferentially at the expense of heavier ions. However with the contamination layer removed, and hence the bulk of the available protons, the TNSA mechanism is able to accelerate the bulk material ions to high energies. Our experimental results are discussed and compared to the LASNEX rad-hydro code to validate and improve our predictive capabilities for future acceleration experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flippo, KA (reprint author), Phys Elect USA, 18725 Lake Dr E, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP I2612 EP I2612 AR 62612I DI 10.1117/12.673355 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500064 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, G Valenzuela, AR Clarke, SA Thomas, KA AF Rodriguez, G. Valenzuela, A. R. Clarke, S. A. Thomas, K. A. BE Phipps, CR TI Topographic imaging and velocity measurements of surface expansion during laser ablation of a metal layer on glass - art. no. 62610O SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE Shack-Hartmann; laser ablation; micro-scale topography; Photonic Doppler Velocimetry AB We report on the development of novel high-speed techniques to measure the surface topography and instantaneous velocity of ablatively launched thin metal layers with sub-nanosecond temporal resolution. Applications for laser detonator technology require the understanding of laser fiber optical energy deposition and ablative launch of a thin metal layer into an explosive. Characterization of the ablation process requires a time-resolved diagnosis of the ejected material state (topography, velocity, density, pressure, etc.). A pulsed Nd:YAG fiber-coupled laser is used to ablate a 250 nm layer of titanium deposited on a 500 mu m thick fused silica substrate at fluences below 10 J/cm(2). Time-resolved imaging of the free expansion of the metal surface is accomplished with Fourier plane imaging using a Shack-Hartmann lenticular array coupled to a fast framing camera. The imager performs topographical surface measurements by detecting changes in the optical wavefront of a reflected picosecond probe laser beam off the expanding surface. Consequently, single-event sub-nanosecond time-resolved "movies" of surface motion dynamics are captured. Crosscheck of the Shack-Hartmann imager is done using advanced velocimetry. A 1550 nm heterodyne laser-based Photonic Doppler Velocimeter is used to measure surface velocity. Using a 1550 nm single mode fiber laser, 10 GHz InGaAs detectors and telecom hardware, we directly record the resulting beat signal produced by the accelerated surface onto a fast digitizer. Free surface velocities as high as 6.5 mu m/ns are recorded. Comparisons between the dynamic topography, surface velocimetry and laser hydrocode simulations are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, MST, Div Sci Mat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, MST, Div Sci Mat, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP O2610 EP O2610 AR 62610O DI 10.1117/12.668999 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500020 ER PT S AU Paisley, DL AF Paisley, Dennis L. BE Phipps, CR TI Confined plasma ablation for shock physics, plate launch and material dynamics - art. no. 62611Y SO High-Power Laser Ablation VI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE ablation; laser ablation; confined plasma; material dynamics; velocity interferometry; shock physics; 1-D; impact AB Confined plasma ablation for shock physics, plate launch, and material dynamics has several unique advantages over direct-drive laser plasma that allows the freely expanding plasma away from the ablated surface, thus reducing energy coupling to the surface of the specimen. By confining the plasma with a laser-transparent, high-impedance window, energy coupling from the plasma to the specimen under test can be increased by several orders. However, for confined ablation, the laser power density and energy fluence must be kept below the break down threshold of the confining window material. Confined ablation to accelerate flyer plates decouples the laser parameters from the shock profile imparted in a target by the plasma-accelerated flyer plate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6261 BP Y2611 EP Y2611 AR 62611Y DI 10.1117/12.674773 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500047 ER PT S AU Kim, KY Yellampelle, B Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, G AF Kim, K. Y. Yellampelle, B. Glownia, J. H. Taylor, A. J. Rodriguez, G. BE Phipps, CR TI Terahertz-frequency electrical conductivity measurements of ultrashort laser-ablated plasmas SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VI CY MAY 07-12, 2006 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE electrical conductivity; warm dense matter; femtosecond ablation; terahertz; optical-pump terahertz-probe ID ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; ALUMINUM PLASMAS; SIMPLE METAL; RESISTIVITY AB We investigate the phase transitions of intense ultrashort laser-heated solids, from the cold solid to the hot dense plasma state, by measuring the complex electrical conductivity (or refractive index) transients at terahertz (1 THz = 10(12) Hz) frequencies. Using optical-pump, terahertz-probe spectroscopy, we measured the phase shifts and absorption of terahertz probe pulses that were reflected from the warm dense plasma. To characterize the THz field, we developed and used a single-shot, high-temporal-resolution THz diagnostic capable of measuring free-space electromagnetic pulse fields in time and space. Due to relatively large focal spot sizes of the THz probe (similar to mm), mainly limited by the diffraction properties of THz radiation, the optical pump pulse was weakly focused onto the target in order to overfill the THz probe spot size with a peak intensity of similar to 10(13) W/cm(2). In contrast to the previous measurements of conductivities at optical frequencies, our THz non-contact probe method can directly measure quasi-DC electrical conductivities, providing insight into the transport nature of warm dense matter and any present discrepancies with the Drude model. In case of warm dense aluminum, we observe a noticeable deviation from the Drude model even in the similar to 10(13) W/cm(2) laser intensity regime. In addition, we observe strong coherent THz emission produced by a current surge in the laser-produced plasma. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6326-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6261 AR 62612Q DI 10.1117/12.668945 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET54 UT WOS:000239450500071 ER PT S AU Schutze, M Malessa, M Renusch, D Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG Dooley, RB AF Schuetze, M. Malessa, M. Renusch, D. Tortorelli, P. F. Wright, I. G. Dooley, R. B. BE Taniguchi, S Maruyama, T Yoshiba, M Otsuka, N Kawahara, Y TI Mechanical properties and adherence of oxide scales SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION AND CORROSION 2005 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005 (ISHOC 2005) CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2005 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn DE scale failure models; oxide scales; oxide strains AB In the high temperature oxidation of metallic alloys oxide scale strains and in particular critical scale strains play a key role with regard to scale adherence. Scale spallation/exfoliation is a vital issue for not only long term alloy performance but also steel sheet production. In many cases materials selection is based on thermodynamic considerations and short term laboratory data, not taking into account changes in the oxidation mechanisms resulting from stresses induced by thermal cycles, oxide growth, specimen or component geometry, or other operational factors. This paper presents a very concise summary of the present knowledge in the form of an approach to a comprehensive scale failure model which is based on a number of microscopic and macroscopic system parameters. This failure model is part of an on-going work which aims at a computer-assisted assessment of oxide scale mechanical reliability. C1 DECHEMA EV, Karl Winnacker Inst, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Schutze, M (reprint author), DECHEMA EV, Karl Winnacker Inst, Theodor Heuss Allee 25, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. EM schuetze@dechema.de; malessa@dechema.de; Renusch@dechema.de; tortorellipf@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov; bdooley@epri.com RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-409-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 522-523 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFE10 UT WOS:000241416500047 ER PT S AU Hou, PY Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Hou, P. Y. Paulikas, A. P. Veal, B. W. BE Taniguchi, S Maruyama, T Yoshiba, M Otsuka, N Kawahara, Y TI Strains in thermally growing alumina films measured in-situ using synchrotron x-rays SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION AND CORROSION 2005 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005 (ISHOC 2005) CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2005 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Japan Soc Corros Engn DE x-ray diffraction; Al(2)O(3); Cr(2)O(3); growth stress; oxide creep ID GROWTH STRESSES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; SCALES; DEFLECTION; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NICKEL; AL2O3 AB Strains in thermally grown oxides have been measured in-situ, as the oxides develop and evolve. Extensive data have been acquired from oxides grown in air at elevated temperatures on different model alloys that form Al(2)O(3). Using synchrotron x-rays at the Advanced Photon Source (Beamline 12BM, Argonne National Laboratory), Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns from the oxidizing specimen were recorded every 5 minutes during oxidation and subsequent cooling. The diffraction patterns were analyzed to determine strains in the oxides, as well as phase changes and the degree of texture. To study a specimen's response to stress perturbation, the oxidizing temperature was quickly cooled from 1100 to 950 degrees C to impose a compressive thermal stress in the scale. This paper describes this new experimental approach and gives examples from oxidized beta-NiAl, Fe-20Cr-10Al, Fe-28Al-5Cr and H(2)-annealed Fe-28Al-5Cr (all at. %) alloys to illustrate some current understanding of the development and relaxation of growth stresses in Al(2)O(3). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA USA. EM pyhou@lbl.gov; paulikas@anl.gov; veal@anl.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-409-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 522-523 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFE10 UT WOS:000241416500052 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE Neumann, RD AF Feinendegen, LE Neumann, RD TI The issue of risk in complex adaptive systems: the case of low-dose radiation induced cancer SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complex adaptive systems; radiation risk; low-dose effects; adaptive responses; radiation damage vs. hormesis ID PROTECTIVE RESPONSES; CELLULAR-RESPONSES; CARCINOGENESIS; MECHANISMS; TOXICOLOGY; INDUCTION; HORMESIS; DAMAGE; DNA AB Living systems exist in hierarchical levels of biological organization, ascending from the basic atomic-molecular level, to the cellular level, the tissue-organ level, and the whole organism. All levels and elements at each level communicate with each other though intricate intra- and intercellular signaling through many specified molecular interactions. These regulate homeostasis between the system levels and their individual elements. The probability of a defined effect at the basic atomic-molecular level per impact increment of a toxic agent, such as ionizing radiation, at that level appears constant at low doses, even if the probability constant may change as a consequence of a previous exposure. Thus, at a given state of the system, the incidence of effect at the atomic-molecular level increases linearly with the number of impact increments in terms of energy deposition events. Primary effects may amplify to damage and there are immediate attempts at repairing the damage from an effect. Amplification and propagation of damage at, and from, the basic to higher levels of biological organization meets resistance, the degree of which per impact increment is not constant. It changes with the number of impact increments. This resistance encompasses both physicochemical and biochemical reactions. The corresponding biochemical reactions express the physiological system's capacity to respond to perturbations of homeostasis at and between the various levels. Types and degrees of these responses depend on the system and the degree of homeostatic perturbation. At relatively mild to moderate degrees of perturbation, protective responses appear with a delay of hours and may last for months, shield also against endogenous non-radiogenic damage, and in doing so may prevail over radiogenic damage. With increasing degrees of homeostatic perturbation, damage eventually overwhelms adaptive protection. Thus, systems do not respond in a linear function of impact increments at the lowest level of biological organization. For assessing the probability of radiation damage per absorbed dose, i.e., risk, in complex adaptive systems, both damaging and protecting responses need attention, and to exclude one for the other is scientifically unjustified and misleading. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIH, Dept Nucl Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM feinendegen@gmx.net NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU HODDER ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1191/096327106ht579oa PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 007NU UT WOS:000234977200004 PM 16459709 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR Laughman, CR Leeb, SB Norford, LK AF Armstrong, PR Laughman, CR Leeb, SB Norford, LK TI Detection of rooftop cooling unit faults based on electrical measurements SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is accomplished by sampling voltage and current at high rates and reducing the resulting start transients or harmonic contents to concise "signatures. " Changes in these signatures can be used to detect, and in many cases directly diagnose, equipment and component faults associated with rooftop cooling units. Use of the NILM for fault defection and diagnosis (FDD) is important because (1) it complements other FDD schemes that are based on thermo-fluid sensors and analyses and (2) it is minimally intrusive (one measuring point in the relatively protected confines of the control panel) and therefore inherently reliable. This paper describes changes in the power signatures of fans and compressors that were found, experimentally and theoretically, to be useful for fault detection. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Laughman, Christopher/0000-0002-8540-2249 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 151 EP 175 DI 10.1080/10789669.2006.10391172 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 004DH UT WOS:000234731700010 ER PT J AU Adams, SM Hill, WR Ryon, MG Smith, JG AF Adams, SM Hill, WR Ryon, MG Smith, JG TI Recovery in diversity of fish and invertebrate communities following remediation of a polluted stream: Investigating causal relationships (vol 542, pg 77, 2005) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2006 VL 553 BP 367 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-9800-9 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 990GJ UT WOS:000233730900029 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ Turner, JA Meng, FQ Herring, AM AF Pern, F. J. Turner, J. A. Meng, Fanqin Herring, A. M. BE Dillion, A Olk, C Filiou, C Ohi, J TI Sol-gel SiO2-polymer hybrid heteropoly acid-based proton exchange membranes SO Hydrogen Cycle-Generation, Storage and Fuel Cells SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Hydrogen Cycle held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PEM FUEL-CELLS; SILICOTUNGSTIC ACID; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE AB Heteropoly silicotungstic acid (STA)-based, cross-linked hybrid proton exchange membranes for intermediate-temperature (80 degrees-120 degrees C) fuel cell applications were fabricated by incorporating STA in a host matrix of binding silane, SiO2 sol gel, ethylene methacrylate copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate groups (PMG), and molecular cross-linker. The STA loading level relative to the sum of the PMG and a cross-linker exceeded 100 weight%. Upon curing at 145 degrees under pressure, the composite membranes were nearly 100% cross-linked and were flexible, showed high thermal and chemical stability against Fenton's reagent, and exhibited a break-in behavior during cyclic voltammetric (CV) scans. The best proton conductivity, which was obtained from CV results, decreased from similar to 8-15 mS/cm at 80 degrees C and 100% relative humidity (RH), to similar to 1.5-2 mS/cm at 100 degrees C and 46% RH, and similar to 0.25-0.8 mS/cm at 120 degrees C and 23% RH. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen & Elect Syst & Infrastruct Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen & Elect Syst & Infrastruct Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-839-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 885 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEU27 UT WOS:000239520400006 ER PT S AU Read, C Petrovic, J Ordaz, G Satyapal, S AF Read, Carole Petrovic, John Ordaz, Grace Satyapal, Sunita BE Dillion, A Olk, C Filiou, C Ohi, J TI The DOE national hydrogen storage project: Recent progress in on-board vehicular hydrogen storage SO Hydrogen Cycle-Generation, Storage and Fuel Cells SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Hydrogen Cycle held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Hydrogen is under consideration by several countries for its potential as an energy carrier for transportation applications. In order to compete with vehicles in use today, hydrogen-powered vehicles will require a driving range of greater than 300-miles in order to meet customer needs and expectations. For the overall vehicular light-duty fleet, this dictates that a range of 5 to 13 kg of hydrogen be stored on-board (assuming a fuel cell power plant) within stringent system weight, volume, and cost constraints. Vehicular hydrogen storage thus constitutes a major scientific and technological challenge. To meet this challenge, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a "National Hydrogen Storage Project" with roughly 40 universities, 15 companies and 10 federal laboratories, actively engaged in hydrogen storage research. Centers of Excellence in metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, and carbon-bascd materials have been established, as well as independent university and industry projects in the areas of new concepts/materials, hydrogen storage testing, and storage system analysis. Recent technical progress in each of these areas is discussed. C1 US DOE, Hydrogen Program, Off Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Read, C (reprint author), US DOE, Hydrogen Program, Off Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-839-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 885 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEU27 UT WOS:000239520400016 ER PT S AU Au, M Jurgensen, A AF Au, Ming Jurgensen, Arthur BE Dillion, A Olk, C Filiou, C Ohi, J TI Metal oxide modiried lithium borohydrides for reversible hydrogen storage SO HYDROGEN CYCLE-GENERATION, STORAGE AND FUEL CELLS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Hydrogen Cycle held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE lithium borohydride; hydrogen; storage; reversible; hydrogenation; debydrogenation ID LIBH4; HYDRIDES AB The lithium borohydride has been modified by ball milling with metal oxides and metal chlorides as the additives. The modified lithium borohydrides released 9 wt% hydrogen starting from 473K. The dehydrided modified lithium borohyqrides absorbed 7-9 wt% hydrogen at 873K and 7 MPa. The modification with additives reduced the dehydriding starting temperature from 673K to 473K and moderated the rehydrogenation conditions from 923K/15 MPa to 873K/7 MPa. XRD and SEM analysis revealed the formation of the intermediate compound that may play a key role in changing the reaction path resulting in the lower dehydriding temperature and reversibility. The additives reduced the dehydriding temperature and improve the reversibility, but it also reduced the hydrogen storage capacity. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-839-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 885 BP 141 EP 149 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEU27 UT WOS:000239520400018 ER PT S AU Zidan, R Shanahan, K Anton, D Jorgensen, A Pittman, J AF Zidan, Ragaiy Shanahan, Kirk Anton, Donald Jorgensen, Arthur Pittman, Jennifer BE Dillion, A Olk, C Filiou, C Ohi, J TI Development and characterization of novel complex hydrides synthesized via molten state processing SO Hydrogen Cycle-Generation, Storage and Fuel Cells SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Hydrogen Cycle held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID METAL-HYDRIDES AB This study is aimed at developing novel hydrides for hydrogen storage through a new synthesis technique utilizing high hydrogen overpressure at elevated temperatures denoted as Molten State Processing, MSP. This synthesis technique holds the potential of fusing different known complex hydrides at elevated temperatures and pressures to form new complexes having different sorption and thermodynamic properties. Complex hydrides produced by this method (e.g. NaMgH3, K3AlH6 and Na2LiAlH6) were identified through structural determination and thermodynamic characterization. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Zidan, R (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-839-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 885 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEU27 UT WOS:000239520400020 ER PT J AU Nakajima, H Stadler, AT AF Nakajima, H. Stadler, A. T. TI Centrifuge modeling of one-step outflow tests for unsaturated parameter estimations SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC FUNCTIONS; WATER PRESSURE DATA; MULTISTEP OUTFLOW; INVERSE METHOD; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSIENT; FLOW; UNIQUENESS; TRANSPORT; DRAINAGE AB Centrifuge modeling of one-step outflow tests were carried out using a 2-m radius geotechnical centrifuge, and the cumulative outflow and transient pore water pressure were measured during, the tests at multiple gravity levels. Based on the scaling laws of centrifuge modeling, the measurements generally showed reasonable agreement with prototype data calculated from forward simulations with input parameters determined from standard laboratory tests. The parameter optimizations were examined for three different combinations of input data sets using the test measurements. Within the gravity level examined in this study up to 40g, the optimized unsaturated parameters compared well when accurate pore water pressure measurements were included along with cumulative outflow as input data. With its capability to implement variety of instrumentations under well controlled initial and boundary conditions and to shorten testing time, the centrifuge modeling technique is attractive as an alternative experimental method that provides more freedom to set inverse problem conditions for the parameter estimation. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nakajima, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Ecol Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM nakajima.hideo@aist.go.jp NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 715 EP 729 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 101TN UT WOS:000241763700008 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JA Guilderson, TP Colinvaux, PA AF Westbrook, JA Guilderson, TP Colinvaux, PA TI Annual growth rings in a sample of Hymenaea courbaril SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE growth rings; Hymenaea courbaril; Delta C-14 ID C-14; TREES; AMS AB Several tropical tree species form regular growth rings that may be annual and thus be useful in paleoclimate reconstructions. Regular growth rings were observed in one stem disk of the tropical legume Hymenaea courbaril harvested near the city of David, Panama. By comparison to annual reference Delta C-14 values from temperate tree wood and air, Delta C-14 values from the growth rings in this H. courbard sample indicated the rings were annual. During this study, H. courbard was also observed to translocate recently produced photosynthate into older growth rings as sapwood is converted to heartwood. This process alters the overall Delta C-14 values of these transitional growth rings as organic carbon with a higher Delta C-14 content is translocated into growth rings with relatively lower Delta C-14 content. Proper chemical pretreatment can recover the original cellulose Delta C-14 content. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95054 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Westbrook, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, 134A Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 048VV UT WOS:000237975500007 ER PT J AU de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Hammel, HB AF de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Hammel, HB TI Evolution of the dusty rings of Uranus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE planetary rings; Uranus; infrared observations; dust ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; KECK II TELESCOPE; URANIAN SYSTEM; LAMBDA-RING; SATELLITES; VOYAGER-2; PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOMETRY; ARCS AB We present high quality images of the uranian ring system, obtained in August 2002, October 2003, and July 2004 at 2.2 mu m with the adaptive optics camera NIRC2 on the Keck 11 telescope. Using these data, we report the first detection in backscattered light of a ring (which we refer to as the zeta ring) interior to Uranus' known rings. This ring consists of a generally uniform sheet of dust between 37,850 and 41,350 km with an equivalent width EW = 250 +/- 20 m (in 2004; or mu EW approximate to 50 m), and extends inward to 32,600 km at a gradually decreasing brightness. This ring might be related to the Voyager ring R/1986 U 2, although both its location and extent differ. This could be attributed to a difference in observing wavelength and/or solar phase angle, or perhaps to temporal variations in the ring. Through careful modeling of the I/F of the individual rings at each ansa, we reveal the presence of narrow (few 100 km wide) sheets of dust between the delta and epsilon rings, and between rings 4 and alpha. We derived a typical anisotropy factor g approximate to 0.7 in the scattering behavior of these particles. The spatial distribution and relative intensity of these dust sheets is different than that seen in Voyager images taken in forward scattered light, due either to a difference in observing wavelength, and/or solar phase angle or to changes over time. We may have detected the lambda ring in one scan at mu EW approximate to 15 m, but other scans provided upper limits below this value. A single detection, however, would be consistent with azimuthal asymmetries known to exist in this ring. We further demonstrate the presence of azimuthal asymmetries in all rings. We confirm the eccentricity of similar to 0.001 in rings 4, 5, 6, which in 2004 are similar to 70 km closer to Uranus in the north (near periapse; lower I/F) than in the south. We find a global optical depth of tau similar to 0.3 in the main rings, and of tau = 0.25 +/- 0.05 in the epsilon ring. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP de Pater, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM imke@astron.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2006 VL 180 IS 1 BP 186 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.011 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000UR UT WOS:000234488400016 ER PT B AU Fang, Y Ganguly, AR Singh, N Vijayaraj, V Feierabend, N Potere, DT AF Fang, Yi Ganguly, Auroop R. Singh, Nagendra Vijayaraj, Veeraraghavan Feierabend, Neal Potere, David T. BE Tsumoto, S Clifton, CW Zhong, N Wu, XD Liu, JM Wah, BW Cheung, YM TI Online change detection: Monitoring land cover from remotely sensed data SO ICDM 2006: SIXTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 18-22, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB We present a fast and statistically principled approach for land cover change detection. The approach is illustrated with a geographic application that involves analyzing remotely sensed data to detect changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in near real time. We use the Wal-Mart land cover change data set as a non-traditional way to monitor and validate known cases of NDVI change. A reference distribution has been justified to fit the available data. An adaptive metric based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) of normal scores derived from p-values is tracked for new or streaming data, leading to alarms for large or sustained changes. A heuristic algorithm based on the property of the metric is proposed for change point detection. The proposed framework performed well on the validation dataset. C1 [Ganguly, Auroop R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Singh, Nagendra; Vijayaraj, Veeraraghavan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Feierabend, Neal] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Potere, David T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ganguly, AR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fangy@ornl.gov; gangulyar@ornl.gov; singhn@ornl.gov; vijayarajv@ornl.gov; neal@nealf.com; dpotere@princeton.edu FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC05000R22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DEAC05000R22725. We would like to thank David Andrew Gerdes, Gabriel Kuhn, Shiraj Khan, Vladimir Pro-topopescu, Robert Patton, George Ostrouchov and Bud-hendra Bhaduri, all of ORNL, for their support and helpful comments. In addition, we would like to thank Diane Lambert, formerly at Bell Labs Research and currently at Google, as well as Deepak Agarwal of Yahoo! Research, for helpful discussions. Finally, we thank Kalyan Perumalla and Robert Perumalla of ORNL, as well as Yuerong Chen and Professor M.K. Jeong of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, for reviewing the manuscript. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2702-4 PY 2006 BP 626 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFZ38 UT WOS:000245603100114 ER PT S AU Li, T Ding, C AF Li, Tao Ding, Chris BE Clifton, CW Zhong, N Liu, JM Wah, BW Wu, XD TI The relationships among various nonnegative matrix factorization methods for clustering SO ICDM 2006: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 18-22, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE matrix factorization; relation; simultaneous clustering; normalization ID PARTS AB The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been shown recently to be useful for clustering and various extensions and variations of NMF have been proposed recently. Despite significant research progress in this area, few attempts have been made to establish the connections between various factorization methods while highlighting their differences. In this paper we aim to provide a comprehensive study on matrix factorization for clustering. In particular we present an overview and summary on various matrix factorization algorithms and theoretically analyze the relationships among them. Experiments are also conducted to empirically evaluate and compare various factorization methods. In addition, our study also answers several previously unaddressed yet important questions for matrix factorizations including the interpretation and normalization of cluster posterior and the benefits and evaluation of simultaneous clustering. We expect our study would provide good insights on matrix factorization research for clustering. C1 Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM taoli@cs.fiu.edu; chqding@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-0-7695-2701-7 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2006 BP 362 EP 371 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFZ37 UT WOS:000245601900037 ER PT B AU Rahman, T McKnight, TE Fletcher, BL Melechko, AV Simpson, ML Islam, SK Edward, LM AF Rahman, Touhidur McKnight, Timothy E. Fletcher, Benjamin L. Melechko, Anatoli V. Simpson, Michael L. Islam, Syed K. Edward, Laura M. GP IEEE TI Integration of vertically aligned carbon nano fibers with CMOS integrated circuits for sensor applications SO ICECE 2006: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering CY DEC 19-21, 2006 CL Dhaka, BANGLADESH SP Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc, ENERGYPAC, Paradise, Grameenphone, Siemens ID ARRAYS AB This paper describes the integration of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers (VACNF) with the CMOS integrated circuits fabricated with commercial CMOS processes. The growth temperature of VACNF is about 700 degrees C [1] which is well above the maximum operating temperature of CMOS circuits. In order to integrate VACNF with CMOS circuits, a method is described to transfer the separately grown VACNF onto the CMOS circuit. C1 [Rahman, Touhidur; Islam, Syed K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [McKnight, Timothy E.; Melechko, Anatoli V.; Simpson, Michael L.; Edward, Laura M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fletcher, Benjamin L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rahman, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM trahman@utk.edu RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-984-32-3814-6 PY 2006 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC61 UT WOS:000246041900012 ER PT B AU Martin, S AF Martin, Shawn BE Wani, A Li, T Kurgan, L Ye, J Liu, Y TI An approximate version of kernel PCA SO ICMLA 2006: 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications CY DEC 14-16, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Machine Learning & Applicat, Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Florida Int Univ, IEEE, Univ Louisville ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION AB We propose an analog of kernel Principal Component Analysis (kernel PCA). Our algorithm is based on an approximation of PCA which uses Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization. We combine this approximation with Support Vector Machine kernels to obtain a nonlinear generalization of PCA. By using our approximation to PCA we are able to provide a more easily; computed (in the case of many data points) and readily interpretable version of kernel PCA. After demonstrating our algorithm on some examples, we explore its use in applications to fluid flow and microarray data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2735-2 PY 2006 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFT06 UT WOS:000244477800037 ER PT B AU Reed, JW Jiao, Y Potok, TE Klump, BA Elmore, MT Hurson, AR AF Reed, Joel W. Jiao, Yu Potok, Thomas E. Klump, Brian A. Elmore, Mark T. Hurson, Ali R. BE Wani, A Li, T Kurgan, L Ye, J Liu, Y TI TF ICF TB A new term weighting scheme for clustering dynamic data streams TF ICF TB A new term weighting scheme for clustering dynamic data streams SO ICMLA 2006: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications CY DEC 14-16, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Machine Learning & Applicat, Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Florida Int Univ, IEEE, Univ Louisville AB In this paper, we propose a new term weighting scheme called Term Frequency - Inverse Corpus Frequency (TF-ICF). It does not require term frequency information from other documents within the document collection and thus, it enables us to generate the document vectors of N streaming documents in linear time. In the context of a machine learning application, unsupervised document clustering, we evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to five widely used term weighting schemes through extensive experimentation. Our results show that TF-ICF can produce document clusters that are of comparable quality as those generated by the widely recognized term weighting schemes and it is significantly faster than those methods. C1 [Reed, Joel W.; Jiao, Yu; Potok, Thomas E.; Klump, Brian A.; Elmore, Mark T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hurson, Ali R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Reed, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reedjw@ornl.gov; jiaoy@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov; klumpba@ornl.gov; elmoremt@ornl.gov; hurson@cse.psu.edu OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 FU UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2735-2 PY 2006 BP 258 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFT06 UT WOS:000244477800040 ER PT S AU Shoemaker, L Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Shoemaker, Larry Banfield, Robert E. Hall, Lawrence O. Bowyer, Kevin W. Kegelmeyer, W. Philip GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Learning to predict salient regions from disjoint and skewed training sets SO ICTAI-2006: EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI-2006) CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, ITRI Wright State Univ, Virginia Tech CS Dept AB We present an ensemble learning approach that achieves accurate predictions from arbitrarily partitioned data. The partitions come from the distributed processing requirements of a large scale simulation where the volume of the data is such that classifiers can train only on data local to a given partition. As a result of the partition reflecting the need for efficient simulation analysis, rather than the needs of data mining, the class statistics vary across partitions; indeed some classes will likely be absent from some partitions. We combine a fast ensemble learning algorithm with majority voting to generate an accurate working model of the simulation. Results from several simulations show that regions of interest are successfully identified in spite of training set class imbalances. Accuracy is analyzed both at the level of nodes in the simulation data structure, and in terms of higher-level regions of interest. It is shown that over 98% of salient regions are found in independent test sets. Hence, this approach will be a significant time saver for simulation users and developers. C1 [Shoemaker, Larry; Banfield, Robert E.; Hall, Lawrence O.] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. [Kegelmeyer, W. Philip] Comp Sci & Math Res Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shoemaker, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lwshoema@cse.usf.edu; rbanfiel@cse.usf.edu; hall@cse.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@ca.sandia.gov OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 FU Department of Energy through the Advanced Simulation and Computing program (ASC) Pre- and Post-Processing Environments (PPPE) Data Discovery Program [DE-AC04-76DO00789] FX This research was partially supported by the Department of Energy through the Advanced Simulation and Computing program (ASC) Pre- and Post-Processing Environments (PPPE) Data Discovery Program Contract number: DE-AC04-76DO00789. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-2728-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2006 BP 116 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW79 UT WOS:000245172700016 ER PT S AU Symons, CT Samatova, NF Krishnamurthy, R Park, BH Umar, T Buttler, D Critchlow, T Hysom, D AF Symons, Christopher T. Samatova, Nagiza F. Krishnamurthy, Ramya Park, Byung H. Umar, Tarik Buttler, David Critchlow, Terence Hysom, David GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Multi-criterion active learning in conditional random fields SO ICTAI-2006: EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI-2006) CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, ITRI Wright State Univ, Virginia Tech CS Dept ID RECOGNITION AB Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), Which are popular supervised learning models for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, typically require a large collection of labeled data for training. In practice, however, manual annotation of text documents is quite costly. Furthermore, even large labeled training sets can have arbitrarily limited performance peaks if they are not chosen with care. This paper considers the use of multi-criterion active learning for identification-of a small but sufficient set of text samples for training CRFs. Our empirical results demonstrate that our method is capable of reducing the manual annotation costs, while also limiting the retraining costs that are often associated with active learning. In addition, we show that the generalization performance of CRFs can be enhanced through judicious selection of training examples. C1 [Symons, Christopher T.; Samatova, Nagiza F.; Krishnamurthy, Ramya; Park, Byung H.; Umar, Tarik] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Buttler, David; Critchlow, Terence; Hysom, David] Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatovan@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Advanced Scientific Computing program; U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Tennessee-Battelle, L.L.C for the Department of Energy [DOE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge Associated Universities [DE-AC05-000R22750]; [UCRL-CONF-222475] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Advanced Scientific Computing program. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle, L.L.C. for the Department of Energy under contract DOE-AC05-00OR22725, and by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. UCRL-CONF-222475. In addition, a portion of this research was performed under contract number DE-AC05-000R22750 between the U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-2728-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2006 BP 323 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW79 UT WOS:000245172700043 ER PT B AU Mezentsev, VK Turitsyn, SK Fedoruk, MP Dubov, M Rubenchik, AM Podivilov, EV AF Mezentsev, Vladimir K. Turitsyn, Sergei K. Fedoruk, Michail P. Dubov, Michail Rubenchik, Alexander M. Podivilov, Evgenii V. BE Marciniak, M TI Modelling of femtosecond inscription in fused silica SO ICTON 2006: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS: CONFERENCE & COST P 11 TRAINING SCHOOL POSTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Nottingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE Univ Nottingham, IEEE/LEOS, Univ Nottingham, George Green Inst Electromagnet Res, Natl Inst Telecommun, LEOS Poland Chapter, Photon Design, European Cooperat Field Sci & Tech Res, RSOFT Design Grp ID WAVE-GUIDES; LASER; PULSES AB We present theoretical and numerical analysis of the femtosecond processing of silica by laser beam with power below self-focusing threshold. C1 [Mezentsev, Vladimir K.; Turitsyn, Sergei K.; Dubov, Michail] Aston Univ, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. [Fedoruk, Michail P.; Podivilov, Evgenii V.] Inst Computat Technol, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Rubenchik, Alexander M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mezentsev, VK (reprint author), Aston Univ, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. EM v.mezentsev@aston.ac.uk; mife@ict.nsc.ru; rubenchik1@llnl.gov RI Mezentsev, Vladimir/C-9427-2013 OI Mezentsev, Vladimir/0000-0002-8415-1767 FU EPSRC; Royal Society; European Programme INTAS [03-56-203] FX We acknowledge support of EPSRC, Royal Society, and the European Programme INTAS (grant No. 03-56-203). NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0235-2 PY 2006 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BEZ69 UT WOS:000240400700039 ER PT S AU Griest, WH Lammert, SA AF Griest, Wayne H. Lammert, Stephen A. BE Wilkins, CL Lay, JO TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLOCK II CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETER SO IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY SE Chemical Analysis-A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGENT DETECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; PERFORMANCE C1 [Griest, Wayne H.; Lammert, Stephen A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Griest, WH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0069-2883 BN 978-0-471-74864-9 J9 CHEM ANAL SERIES MON PY 2006 VL 169 BP 61 EP 89 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Microbiology SC Chemistry; Microbiology GA BYG03 UT WOS:000298539200005 ER PT S AU Jarman, KH Wahl, KL AF Jarman, Kristin H. Wahl, Karen L. BE Wilkins, CL Lay, JO TI DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTRAL PATTERN-MATCHING APPROACHES TO MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION SO IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY SE Chemical Analysis-A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHOLE CELLS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CULTURE; SPORES; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCIBILITY; CLASSIFICATION; HELICOBACTER; STRAINS; MS C1 [Jarman, Kristin H.; Wahl, Karen L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0069-2883 BN 978-0-471-74864-9 J9 CHEM ANAL SERIES MON PY 2006 VL 169 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Microbiology SC Chemistry; Microbiology GA BYG03 UT WOS:000298539200008 ER PT S AU Bialasiewicz, JT Muljadi, E AF Bialasiewicz, Jan T. Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI The wind farm aggregation impact on power quality SO IECON 2006 - 32ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society CY NOV 07-10, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc AB This paper explores the effects of wind farm power fluctuations on the power network. A dynamic simulation of a wind farm is performed and the spatial distribution of the wind turbines is considered. In a wind farm, many wind turbines feed power into the power grid at the point of common coupling. The power fluctuation from one turbine may cancel that of another, which effectively rectifies the power fluctuation of the overall wind farm. The effect of power fluctuations is quantified by measuring the flicker and the voltage variation for different case studies. We took a conservative approach to explore a wind farm that consists mainly of stall-controlled wind turbines with fixed frequency induction generators and a specified grid with a known short circuit capacity. C1 [Bialasiewicz, Jan T.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, CB 110,PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bialasiewicz, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, CB 110,PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM jan.bialasiewicz@cudenver.edu; eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 978-1-4244-0135-2 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2006 BP 1953 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BGB30 UT WOS:000245905003079 ER PT J AU Tseng, SH Taflove, A Maitland, D Backman, V Walsh, JT AF Tseng, Snow H. Taflove, Allen Maitland, Duncan Backman, Vadim Walsh, Joseph T., Jr. TI Extracting geometrical information of closely packed random media from multiply scattered light via a cross-correlation analysis SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE closely packed random media; cross-correlation; multiply scattered light; total scattering cross-section ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; BACKSCATTERING AB We have implemented a two-dimensional (2-D) pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) numerical solution of Maxwell's equations to calculate the total scattering cross-section (TSCS) spectrum of a macroscopic, closely packed, random medium consisting of dielectric cylinders. Results reported in this letter show that a TSCS spectral signature is identified, revealing structural information of the random medium. Furthermore, by means of the proposed cross-correlation analysis, the diameter of constituent cylinders within a closely packed cluster can be determined. On a broader perspective, based on first principles, our research findings may lead to a better understanding of the coherent interference effect of light scattering by closely packed random media. Specifically, we show that, microscopic structural information of the random medium can be determined from the forward, multiply scattered light, even for optically thick, closely packed random media, with scatterers spaced less than a single wavelength apart. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Electroopt Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Tseng, SH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Electroopt Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. EM snow@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw; taflove@ece.northwestern.edu; maitland1@llnl.gov; v-backman@northwestern.edu; jwalsh@northwestern.edu RI Backman, Vadim/B-6689-2009; Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009; Walsh, Joseph/B-7636-2009; OI TSENG, SNOW-HONG/0000-0003-1743-801X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2006 VL 5 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2006.872432 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 130RE UT WOS:000243815900024 ER PT J AU Dongarra, J AF Dongarra, J TI Trends in high-performance computing SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1109/MCD.2006.1598076 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 018IB UT WOS:000235756600005 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ Cook, KA AF Thomas, JJ Cook, KA TI A visual analytics agenda SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.thomas@pnl.gov; kris.cook@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1109/MCG.2006.5 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 998YG UT WOS:000234355200003 PM 16463473 ER PT J AU May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL AF May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL TI Classification of Escherichia coli K-12 ribosome binding sites SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION SITES; SELF-TRAINING METHOD; INFORMATION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; GENOMES; STARTS; MODELS; SYSTEM C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0310, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1109/MEMB.2006.1578668 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 004MI UT WOS:000234756500018 PM 16485396 ER PT J AU Theiler, J Foy, BR AF Theiler, J Foy, BR TI Effect of signal contamination in matched-filter detection of the signal on a cluttered background SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive signal detection; clutter; covariance matrices; gases; hyperspectral imagery; matched filters ID IMAGERY; PLUMES AB To derive a matched filter for detecting a weak target signal in a hyperspectral image, an estimate of the hand-to-hand covariance of the target-free background scene is required. We investigate the effects of including some of the target signal in the background scene. Although the covariance is contaminated by the presence of a target signal (there is increased variance in the direction of the target signature), we find that the matched filter is not necessarily affected. In fact, if the variation in plume strength is strictly uncorrelated with the variation in background spectra, the matched filter and its signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) performance will not be impaired. While there is little a priori reason to expect significant correlation between the plume and the background, there usually is some residual correlation, and this correlation leads to a suppressing effect that limits the SCR obtainable even for strong plumes. These effects are described and quantified analytically, and the crucial role of this correlation is illustrated with some numerical examples using simulated plumes superimposed on real hyperspectral imagery. In one example, we observe an order-of-magnitude loss in SCR for a matched filter based on the contaminated covariance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.857619 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 006LJ UT WOS:000234898700021 ER PT B AU Kerbyson, DJ Hoisie, A AF Kerbyson, Darren J. Hoisie, Adolfy GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI Performance modeling of the Blue Gene architecture SO IEEE JOHN VINCENT ATANASOFF 2006 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODERN COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE John Vincent Atanasoff International Symposium on Modern Computing CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Sofia, BULGARIA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB In this work we analyze the performance of the largest installation of the Blue Gene/L architecture. This currently has the highest peak performance of any supercomputer. The performance characteristics of this machine are considered that gives rise to achievable application performance. By using a detailed performance model of Sweep3D - a kernel application of interest to Los Alamos National Laboratory we verify that the performance of Blue Gene/L is as expected In addition the model is used to analyze a possible configuration of a peta-flop version of Blue Gene which contains an increased number of processor cores operating at a higher clock frequency. Uncertainties in the performance characteristics of this future system are captured through a sensitivity analysis on the achievable processing rate, communication latency, and bandwidth. The analysis shows the expected level of performance for Sweep3D that may be achieved on such a system in comparison to current systems. C1 [Kerbyson, Darren J.; Hoisie, Adolfy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djk@lanl.gov; hoisie@lanl.gov FU Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC); Los Alamos National Security LLC; US Department of Energy [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX The authors wish to thank members of the Performance and Architecture Laboratory at Los Alamos for their comments on this analysis and for their expertise and motivation in benchmarking the Blue Gene/L system on many occasions during its development and deployment. This work was funded in part by the Weapons Sponsored Research component of the Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC) program. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DEAC52-06NA25396. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2643-8 PY 2006 BP 252 EP + DI 10.1109/JVA.2006.39 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFL16 UT WOS:000242580700039 ER PT J AU Luther, BM Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Alessi, D Berrill, M Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Keenan, R Shlyaptsev, VN AF Luther, BM Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Alessi, D Berrill, M Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Keenan, R Shlyaptsev, VN TI High repetition rate collisional soft X-ray lasers based on grazing incidence pumping SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE grazing incidence pumping; neon-like ions; nickel-like ions; soft X-ray laser ID 18.9-NM TABLETOP LASER; NEON-LIKE; TRANSIENT; NM; GAIN; WAVELENGTHS; OPERATION; IONS AB We discuss the demonstration of gain-saturated high repetition rate table-top soft X-ray lasers producing microwatt average powers at wavelengths ranging from 13.9 to 33 nm. The results were obtained heating a precreated plasma with a picosecond optical laser pulse impinging at grazing incidence onto a precreated plasma. This pumping geometry increases the energy deposition efficiency of the pump beam into the gain region, making it possible to saturate soft X-ray lasers in this wavelength range with a short pulse pump energy of only 1 J at 800-mn wavelength. Results corresponding to 5-Hz repetition rate operation of gain-saturated 14.7-nm Ni-like Pd and 32.6-mn line Ne-like Ti lasers pumped by a table-top Ti:sapphire laser are reported. We also discuss results obtained using a 1 omega 1054-mn prepulse and 2 omega 527-nm short pulse from a Nd:glass pump laser. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing compact high average power soft X-ray lasers for applications. C1 Colorado State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Luther, BM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bml@lamar.colostate.edu; wang@engr.colostate.edu; mlaroton@engr.colostate.edu; dalessi@engr.colostate.edu; berrill@engr.colostate.edu; rocca@engr.colostate.edu; dunn6@llnl.gov; snocturne2@yahoo.com OI Berrill, Mark/0000-0002-4525-3939 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.860123 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 011UM UT WOS:000235294000002 ER PT J AU Anderson, EH AF Anderson, EH TI Specialized electron beam nanolithography for EUV and X-ray diffractive optics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE diffractive optics; electron beam lithography; Fresnel zone plate; X-ray ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY AB Diffraction of electromagnetic radiation remains a viable method for manipulation and focusing of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths where the optical properties preclude significant phase shift without attenuation. As the wavelength becomes smaller, the characteristic dimensions needed for effective utilization of diffraction proportionally shrink, placing significant demands on the half-pitch of the diffractive structure. State-of-the-art nanofabrication technology is then required. Additionally, line placement over the entire grating, zone plate lens, or other diffractive element requires an accuracy on the order of a small fraction of a linewidth over the entire structure. This places a heavy burden on the alignment and calibration of the pattern-generating tool. In the case of zone plate lenses, smooth curved geometric elements are required. Specialized techniques for electron beam lithography have been developed to meet these demands, which diverge from the technology used to meet the challenges encountered in mask making and electronic circuit research. The techniques are in four areas: on axis calibration, beam placement, subpixel image processing for overlay, and smooth generation of arc shapes. Using the ensemble of these specialized techniques, high-resolution electron beam lithography nanofabrication has been used to successfully make diffractive structures with linewidths approaching 10 nm and near diffraction limited optical performance. C1 Ctr Xray Opt, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderson, EH (reprint author), Ctr Xray Opt, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EHAnderson@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.858451 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 011UM UT WOS:000235294000004 ER PT J AU Fischer, P AF Fischer, P TI Studies of magnetic microstructures with soft X-ray transmission microscopy SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic domains; magnetization dynamics; magnetization reversal; magnetic X-ray microscopy ID SPIN-POLARIZED TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; IRON ELECTRODES; RECORDING MEDIA; REVERSAL; DOMAINS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We review recent achievements of magnetic full-field soft X-ray transmission microscopy. This technique allows for an element-specific imaging of magnetic domain structures in thin films and nanopatterned elements. With a lateral resolution down to 15 nm, the ability to record images in external magnetic fields and the application of stroboscopic pump-and-probe schemes detailed insights into fundamental mechanisms of micromagnetism can be obtained which are relevant in the development of high density and ultrafast magnetic storage and sensor technologies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFischer@lbl.gov RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.851556 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 011UM UT WOS:000235294000005 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Cain, JP Anderson, EH Dean, KR Denham, P Hoef, B Jackson, KH AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Cain, JP Anderson, EH Dean, KR Denham, P Hoef, B Jackson, KH TI Extreme ultraviolet lithography capabilities at the advanced light source using a 0.3-NA optic SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV); lithography ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; UNDULATOR RADIATION; MICROEXPOSURES; PHOTORESIST; ALIGNMENT AB Extreme ultraviolet lithography is a leading candidate for volume production of nanoelectronics at the 32-nm node and beyond. In order to ensure adequate maturity of the technology by the start date for the 32-mn node, advanced development tools Are required today with numerical apertures of 0.25 or larger. In order to meet these development needs, a microexposure tool based on SEMATECH's 0.3-numerical aperture microfield optic has been developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. Here we describe the Berkeley exposure tool in detail, discuss its characterization, and summarize printing results obtained over the past year. Limited by the availability of ultrahigh resolution chemically amplified resists, present resolving capabilities limits are approximately 32 mn for equal lines and spaces and 28 nm for semi-isolated lines. C1 SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AMD, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM PNaulleau@uamail.albany.edu; KAGoldberg@lbl.gov; jason.cain@amd.com; EHAnderson@lbl.gov; Kim.Dean@sematech.org; PEDenham@lbl.gov; BHHoef@lbl.gov; KH-jackson@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.858450 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 011UM UT WOS:000235294000006 ER PT J AU Raring, JW Skogen, EJ Wang, CS Barton, JS Morrison, GB Demiguel, S DenBaars, SP Coldren, LA AF Raring, JW Skogen, EJ Wang, CS Barton, JS Morrison, GB Demiguel, S DenBaars, SP Coldren, LA TI Design and demonstration of novel QW intermixing scheme for the integration of UTC-type photodiodes with QW-based components SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electro-absorption modulators; metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); monolithic integration; quantum-well intermixing (QWI); semiconductor lasers; semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); unitraveling carrier photodiodes ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODES; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATOR; HIGH-SPEED; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH; EFFICIENCY; LASER AB We present the design and demonstration of uni-traveling carrier (UTC) photodiodes fabricated using a novel quantum-well (QW) intermixing and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth fabrication platform. The photodiodes discussed here were realized on the same chip as high gain centered QW active regions, intermixed passive centered well waveguides, and low optical confinement offset QW active regions regrown over intermixed wells. This demonstration lifts previous constraints imposed on high functionality photonic circuits, which forced a common waveguide architecture in the detector, laser, and amplifier by validating a platform suited for the monolithic integration of UTC photodiodes into photonic integrated circuits comprised of widely tunable high gain laser diodes, high efficiency modulators, and low optical confinement high saturation power semiconductor optical amplifiers. In this manuscript we focus on the design and performance of UTC photodiodes fabricated on intermixed QWs using this novel scheme. The photodiodes exhibit similar to 90% internal quantum efficiency, excellent photocurrent handling capabilities, and minimal response roll-off over the 20 GHz of our testing capability. The 40 Gb/s operation was achieved with the demonstration of open eye diagrams. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. ThreeFive Photon, NL-3994 DB Houten, Netherlands. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Raring, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jraring@engineering.ucsb.edu; ejskoge@sandia.gov; cswang@engineering.ucsb.edu; jsbarton@engineering.ucsb.edu; stephane_demiguel@yahoo.com; denbaars@engineering.ucsb.edu; coldren@ece.ucsb.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.862030 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 011UM UT WOS:000235294000022 ER PT J AU Wohlberg, B Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A AF Wohlberg, B Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A TI Subsurface characterization with support vector machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE data analysis; geologic facies; geostatistics; machine learning; support vector machine (SVM) ID GAUSSIAN KERNEL; GEOLOGIC FACIES; REGRESSION; PARAMETERS; SELECTION AB A typical subsurface environment is heterogeneous, consists of multiple materials (geologic facies), and is often insufficiently characterized by data. The ability to delineate geologic facies and to estimate their properties from sparse data is essential for modeling physical and biochemical processes occurring in the subsurface. We demonstrate that the support vector machine is a viable and efficient tool for lithofacies delineation, and we compare it with a geostatistical approach. To illustrate our approach, and to demonstrate its advantages, we construct a synthetic porous medium consisting of two heterogeneous materials and then estimate boundaries between these materials from a few selected data points. Our analysis shows that the error in facies delineation by means of support vector machines decreases logarithmically with increasing sampling density. We also introduce and analyze the use of regression support vector machines to estimate the parameter values between points where the parameter is sampled. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Politecn Milan, Dept Hydraul Environm Infrastruct & Surveying Eng, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dmt@lanl.gov; brendt@t7.lant.gov; alberto.guadagnini@polimi.it RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.859953 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 999DC UT WOS:000234367900005 ER PT J AU Rieben, RN White, DA AF Rieben, RN White, DA TI Verification of high-order mixed finite-element solution of transient magnetic diffusion problems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE computational electromagnetics; discrete differential forms; electromagnetic diffusion; high-order methods; H(Curl) and H(Div) conforming methods; Maxwell's equations; transient eddy currents; vector finite elements ID EDDY-CURRENT PROBLEMS; DEPENDENT MAXWELL EQUATIONS; CURRENTS; FORMULATIONS; MODEL AB We develop and present high-order mixed finite-element discretizations of the time-dependent electromagnetic diffusion equations for solving eddy-current problems on three-dimensional unstructured grids. The discretizations are based on high-order H(Grad), H(Curl), and H(Div) conforming finite-element spaces combined with an implicit and unconditionally stable generalized Crank-Nicholson time differencing method. We develop three separate electromagnetic diffusion formulations, namely the (E) over right arrow (electric field), (H) over right arrow (magnetic field), and the (A) over right arrow-phi (potential) formulations. For each formulation, we also provide a consistent procedure for computing the secondary variables (J) over right arrow (current flux density) and (B) over right arrow (magnetic flux density), as these fields are required for the computation of electromagnetic force and heating terms. We verify the error convergence properties of each formulation via a series or numerical experiments on canonical problems with known analytic solutions. The key result is that the different formulations are equally accurate, even for the secondary variables (J) over right arrow and (B) over right arrow and hence the choice of which formulation to use depends mostly on relevance of the natural and essential boundary conditions to the problem of interest. In addition, we highlight issues with numerical verification of finite-element methods that can lead to false conclusions on the accuracy of the methods. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rieben, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rieben1@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.860127 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 995RW UT WOS:000234122500006 ER PT J AU Heffner, GC Goldman, CA Moezzi, MM AF Heffner, GC Goldman, CA Moezzi, MM TI Innovative approaches to verifying demand response of water heater load control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE demand management; electricity markets; load control; load management; load shedding; statistics; substation measurements; water heating AB This study describes a pilot effort to measure load reductions from a residential electric water heater (EWH) load control program using low-cost statistically based measurement and verification (M&V) approaches. This field experiment is described within the larger framework of overcoming barriers to participation of noninterval metered customers in Demand Response (DR) Programs. We worked with PJM Interconnection and a. Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) to collect hourly load data for two substations and several hundred households over six weeks of load control testing. The experimental design reflected constraints imposed by limited funding, manpower, equipment, and the routine operation of the load control system by the CSP. We analyzed substation- and premise-level data from these tests in an attempt to verify several "point estimates" taken from the hourly diversified demand curves used by the CSP to establish aggregate load reductions from their control program. Analysis of premise-level data allowed for provisional verification that the actual electric water heater load control impacts were within a -60 to +10% band of the estimated values. For sub-station level data, measured values of per-unit load impacts were generally lower than the CSP estimated values for Electric Cooperative #2, after accounting for confounding influences and operational test problems. Based on this experience we offer recommendations to ISO and utility DR program managers to consider before undertaking further development of alternatives to the conventional but costly program-wide load research approach. C1 Global Energy Associates Inc, N Potomac, MD 20878 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heffner, GC (reprint author), Global Energy Associates Inc, N Potomac, MD 20878 USA. EM gcheffner@lbl.gov; cagoldman@lbl.gov; mmmoezzi@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852374 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 998FY UT WOS:000234305200049 ER PT S AU Ni, T Schmidt, GS Staadt, OG Livingston, MA Ball, R May, R AF Ni, Tao Schmidt, Greg S. Staadt, Oliver G. Livingston, Mark A. Ball, Robert May, Richard BE Frolich, B Bowman, D Iwata, H TI A survey of large high-resolution display technologies, techniques, and applications SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC DE large high-resolution displays; visualization; virtual environments; multi-monitor; projector array; distributed rendering; collaboration; user interfaces; interaction techniques; evaluation AB Continued advances in display hardware, computing power, networking, and rendering algorithms have all converged to dramatically improve large high-resolution display capabilities. We present a survey on prior research with large high-resolution displays. In the hardware configurations section we examine systems including multi-monitor workstations, reconfigurable projector arrays, and others. Rendering and the data pipeline are addressed with an overview of current technologies. We discuss many applications for large high-resolution displays such as automotive design, scientific visualization, control centers, and others. Quantifying the effects of large high-resolution displays on human performance and other aspects is important as we look toward future advances in display technology and how it is applied in different situations. Interacting with these displays brings a different set of challenges for HCI professionals, so an overview of some of this work is provided. Finally, we present our view of the top ten greatest challenges in large high-resolution displays. C1 [Ni, Tao] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Livingston, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, 3D Virtual & Mixed Environ Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Staadt, Oliver G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Compu Sci, Davis, CA USA. [May, Richard] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Ni, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM nitao@vt.edu; gregory.schmidt@nrl.navy.mil; staadt@cs.ucdavis.edu; mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; rgb6@vt.edu; richard.may@pnl.gov NR 107 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 1-4244-0223-9 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2006 BP 223 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEG31 UT WOS:000237211000029 ER PT S AU May, R Organizer, P Arya, PK Bowman, DA Schmidt, G Sullivan, A AF May, Richard Organizer, Panel Arya, Pamela K. Bowman, Doug A. Schmidt, Greg Sullivan, Alan BE Frolich, B Bowman, D Iwata, H TI Challenges to applying virtual reality technology and techniques to visual analytics SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC C1 [May, Richard] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Arya, Pamela K.] Strateg Knowledge Syst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bowman, Doug A.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Schmidt, Greg] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sullivan, Alan] Lightspace Technol, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. RP May, R (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 1-4244-0223-9 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2006 BP 303 EP + DI 10.1109/VR.2006.32 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEG31 UT WOS:000237211000051 ER PT B AU Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Wu, J Ager, JW Haller, EE AF Shan, W. Walukiewicz, W. Yu, K. M. Wu, J. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. BE Feng, ZC TI NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN DILUTE NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH SO III-NITRIDE: SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CENTER-DOT-P; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BAND-GAP ENERGY; MINORITY-CARRIER DIFFUSION; NITROGEN-INDUCED INCREASE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; GAINNAS ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAASN ALLOYS AB Dilute nitrides are considered as highly mismatched semiconductor alloys of great technological importance for their applications in telecommunication devices and photovoltaic solar cells. This chapter reviews recent developments in the dilute nitride semiconductors research with the emphasis on the understanding of N-induced change in the electronic structure of the materials. The unusual physical properties associated with the dilute nitrides can be readily explained by the change in the conduction-band structure originating from a band anticrossing interaction between the extended conduction-band states and the localized states of nitrogen. C1 [Shan, W.; Walukiewicz, W.; Yu, K. M.; Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86094-903-6; 978-1-86094-636-3 PY 2006 BP 399 EP 428 DI 10.1142/9781860949036_0012 D2 10.1142/9781860949036 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BZA08 UT WOS:000300898200013 ER PT S AU Carrano, CJ AF Carrano, C. J. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Mitigating atmospheric effects in high-resolution infra-red surveillance imagery with bispectral speckle imaging - art. no. 631602 SO Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data IV CY AUG 14-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE slant-path imaging; horizontal-path imaging; speckle imaging; bispectral imaging; long-range infra-red imaging; imaging through turbulence; atmospheric effects AB Obtaining a high-resolution image of an object or scene from a long distance away can be very problematic, even with the best optical system. This is because atmospheric blurring and distortion will limit the resolution and contrast of high-resolution imaging systems with substantial sized apertures over horizontal and slant paths. Much of the horizontal and slant-path surveillance imagery we have previously collected and successfully enhanced has been collected at visible wavelengths where atmospheric effects are the strongest. Imaging at longer wavelengths has the benefit of seeing through obscurants or even at night, but even though the atmospheric effects are noticeably reduced, they are nevertheless present, especially near the ground. This paper will describe our recent work on enhanced infrared (IR) surveillance using bispectral speckle imaging. Bispectral speckle imaging in this context is an image postprocessing algorithm that aims to solve the atmospheric blurring and distortion problem of imaging through horizontal or slant path turbulence. A review of the algorithm as well as descriptions of the IR camera and optical systems used in our data collections will be given. Examples of horizontal and slant-path imagery before and after speckle processing will also be presented to demonstrate the resolution improvement gained by the processing. Comparisons of IR imagery to visible wavelength imagery of the same target under the same conditions will be shown to demonstrate the tradeoffs of going to longer wavelengths. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carrano, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6395-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6316 BP 31602 EP 31602 AR 631602 DI 10.1117/12.611938 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI12 UT WOS:000241970900002 ER PT S AU Xiao, XH de Jonge, MD Chu, YS Shen, Q AF Xiao, Xianghui de Jonge, Martin D. Chu, Yong S. Shen, Qun BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI A unified phase retrieval algorithm for both far-flield and near-field diffractive imaging - art. no. 63160F SO Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data IV CY AUG 14-15, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE phase retrieval; near-field; diffractive imaging ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB X-ray coherent diffractive imaging is attracting interest within the x-ray community because it promises wavelength-limited resolution for imaging nonperiodic objects. It is well known that a wave diffracted or scattered by an object can be described simply by the Fourier transform of the object's electron density distribution. However, this result is general only in the so-called far-field regime, where most practical work is done. In the near-field regime, evaluations of wave field amplitudes become more complicated, and Fresnel diffraction and imaging effects have to be taken into account. In this paper, we present an algorithm that can be used to reconstruct an object from a near-field diffraction pattern. The algorithm uses the concept of a 'phase-chirped' distorted object, where a Fresnel-zone construction is embedded on an original object. This algorithm can eliminate the twin image ambiguity in phase retrieval and will therefore improve the convergence of retrieval. Our algorithm is a unified algorithm, consistent with those used in far-field experiments. Our algorithm extends the applicability of Fourier-based iterative phasing algorithms that are already established for far-field diffraction into the near-field holographic regime where phase retrieval has traditionally been difficult. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, XH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6395-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6316 BP F3160 EP F3160 AR 63160F DI 10.1117/12.680854 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI12 UT WOS:000241970900015 ER PT S AU Gourley, PL Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, RG Naviaux, RK Yaffe, MP AF Gourley, Paul L. Hendricks, Judy K. McDonald, Anthony E. Copeland, R. Guild Naviaux, Robert K. Yaffe, Michael P. BE Farkas, DL Nicolau, DV Leif, RC TI Biocavity laser spectroscopy of genetically-altered yeast cells and isolated yeast mitochondria - art. no. 608815 SO Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IV CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB We report an analysis of 2 yeast cell mutants using blocavity laser spectroscopy. The two yeast strains differed only by the presence or absence of mitochondrial DNA. Strain 104 is a wild-type (rho(+)) strain of the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strain 110 was derived from strain 104 by removal of its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Removal of mtDNA causes strain 110 to grow as a "petite" (rho(-)), named because it forms small colonies (of fewer cells because it grows more slowly) on agar plates supplemented with a variety of different carbon sources. The absence of mitochondrial DNA results in the complete loss of all the mtDNA-encoded proteins and RNAs, and loss of the pigmented, heme-containing cytochromes a and b. These cells have mitochondria, but the mitochondria lack the normal respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V. Complex II is preserved because its subunits are encoded by genes located in nuclear DNA. The frequency distributions of the peak shifts produced by wild-type and petite cells and mitochondria show striking differences in the symmetry and patterns of the distributions. Wild-type rho(+) cells (104) and mitochondria produced nearly symmetric, Gaussian distributions. The rho(-) cells (110) and mitochondria showed striking asymmetry and skew that appeared to follow a Poisson distribution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1141, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1141, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6130-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6088 BP 8815 EP 8815 AR 608815 DI 10.1117/12.674187 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEF71 UT WOS:000237107800037 ER PT S AU Timlin, JA Nieman, LT Jones, HDT Sinclair, MB Haaland, DM Guzowski, JF AF Timlin, Jerilyn A. Nieman, Linda T. Jones, Howland D. T. Sinclair, Michael B. Haaland, David. M. Guzowski, John F. BE Farkas, DL Nicolau, DV Leif, RC TI Imaging multiple endogenous and exogenous fluorescent species in cells and tissues SO IMAGING, MANIPULATION, AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES, CELLS, AND TISSUES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IV CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; spectral imaging; fluorescence imaging; multi-color fluorescence microscopy; autofluorescence; spectral crosstalk; multivariate analysis; multivariate curve resolution; MCR ID SIMS SPECTRUM-IMAGES; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE; EXPRESSION; NOISE AB Hyperspectral imaging provides complex image data with spectral information from many fluorescent species contained within the sample such as the fluorescent labels and cellular or pigment autofluorescence. To maximize the utility of this spectral imaging technique it is necessary to couple hyperspectral imaging with sophisticated multivariate analysis methods to extract meaningful relationships from the overlapped spectra. Many commonly employed multivariate analysis techniques require the identity of the emission spectra of each component to be known or pure component pixels within the image, a condition rarely met in biological samples. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) has proven extremely useful for analyzing hyperspectral and multispectral images of biological specimens because it can operate with little or no a priori information about the emitting species, making it appropriate for interrogating samples containing autofluorescence and unanticipated contaminating fluorescence. To demonstrate the unique ability of our hyperspectral imaging system coupled with MCR analysis techniques we will analyze hyperspectral images of four-color in-situ hybridized rat brain tissue containing 455 spectral pixels from 550-850 nm. Even though there were only four colors imparted onto the tissue in this case, analysis revealed seven fluorescent species, including contributions from cellular autofluorescence and the tissue mounting media. Spectral image analysis will be presented along with a detailed discussion of the origin of the fluorescence and specific illustrations of the adverse effects of ignoring these additional fluorescent species in a traditional microscopy experiment and a hyperspectral imaging system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Timlin, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6130-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6088 AR 608805 DI 10.1117/12.647228 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEF71 UT WOS:000237107800005 ER PT S AU Ryerson, FJ Tapponnier, P Finkel, RC Meriaux, AS Van der Woerd, J Lasserre, C Chevalier, ML Xu, XW Li, HB King, GCP AF Ryerson, Frederick J. Tapponnier, Paul Finkel, Robert C. Meriaux, Anne-Sophie Van der Woerd, Jerome Lasserre, Cecile Chevalier, Marie-Luce Xu, Xi-wei Li, Hai-bing King, Geoffrey C. P. BE AlonsoZarza, AM Tanner, LH TI Applications of morphochronology to the active tectonics of Tibet SO IN SITU-PRODUCED COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES AND QUANTIFICATION OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE deformation; active faults; Tibetan Plateau; continental deformation; cosmogenic nuclides ID ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN HAIYUAN FAULT; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOW SLIP RATES; IN-SITU BE-10; KARAKORAM FAULT; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; NORTHWEST CHINA AB The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau were formed as a result of the collision of India and Asia, and provide an excellent opportunity to study the mechanical response of the continental lithosphere to tectonic stress. Geophysicists are divided in their views on the nature of this response, advocating either (1) homogeneously distributed deformation with the lithosphere deforming as a fluid continuum or (2) highly localized deformation with the lithosphere deforming as a system of blocks. The resolution of this issue has broad implications for understanding the tectonic response of continental lithosphere in general. Homogeneous deformation is supported by relatively low decadal, geodetic slip-rate estimates for the Altyn Tagh and Karakorum faults. Localized deformation is supported by high millennial, geomorphic slip rates constrained by both cosmogenic and radiocarbon dating on these faults. Based upon the agreement of rates determined by radiocarbon and cosmogenic dating, the overall linearity of offset versus age correlations, and the plateau-wide correlation of landscape evolution and climate history, the disparity between geomorphic and geodetic slip-rate determinations is unlikely to be due to the effects of surface erosion on the cosmogenic age determinations. Similarly, based upon the consistency of slip rates over various observation intervals, secular variations in slip rate appear to persist no longer than 2000 yr and are unlikely to provide reconciliation. Conversely, geodetic and geomorphic slip-rate estimates on the Kunlun fault, which does not have significant splays or associated thrust faults, are in good agreement, indicating that there is no fundamental reason why these complementary geodetic and geomorphic methods should disagree. Similarly, the geodetic and geomorphic estimates of shortening rates across the northeastern edge of the plateau are in reasonable agreement, and the geomorphic rates on individual thrust faults demonstrate a signifi cant eastward decrease in the shortening rate. This rate decrease is consistent with the transfer of slip from the Altyn Tagh fault to genetically related thrust mountain building at its terminus. Rates on the Altyn Tagh fault suggest a similar decrease in rate, but the current data set is too small to be definitive. Overall, the high, late Pleistocene-Holocene geomorphic slip velocities on the major strike-slip faults of Tibet suggest that these faults absorb as much of India's convergence relative to Siberia as the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust on the southern edge of the plateau. C1 [Ryerson, Frederick J.; Meriaux, Anne-Sophie; Chevalier, Marie-Luce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tapponnier, Paul; Chevalier, Marie-Luce; King, Geoffrey C. P.] Inst Phys Globe Paris, CNRS, Lab Tecton Mecan Lithosphere, UMR7578, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Finkel, Robert C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Van der Woerd, Jerome] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7516, Strasbourg, France. [Lasserre, Cecile] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Terre Atmosphere Ocean, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Li, Hai-bing] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Lab Continental Dynam, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xi-wei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Ryerson, FJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Chevalier, Marie-Luce/0000-0001-9110-2456 NR 100 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2415-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2006 VL 415 BP 61 EP 86 DI 10.1130/2006.2415(05) PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLZ54 UT WOS:000271578100006 ER PT B AU Laughton, C AF Laughton, C. BE Lu, M Li, CC Kjorholt, H Dahle, H TI The Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) challenges and opportunities for the rock engineering community SO In-Situ Rock Stress Measurement, Interpretation and Application SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress CY JUN 19-21, 2006 CL Trondheim, NORWAY SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Norwegian Grp Rock Mech, Statoil ASA, SINTEF Grp, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol AB The construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) is being proposed under the auspices of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). DUSEL will provide the underground research community with purpose-built and outfitted facilities capable of supporting a broad spectrum of research to depths in excess of two kilometers. DUSEL will be of particular interest and value to the rock engineering community because it will offer a rare opportunity to conduct fundamental and applied research within a dedicated subsurface facility. DUSEL will allow engineers to design and conduct experiments that can address long-standing fundamental questions on rock mass behavior, and to support comprehensive evaluations of equipment and material performance, in situ, under monitored and/or controlled environmental conditions. Such research opportunities are seldom offered within the context of an individual mining or tunneling project, where research scope is necessarily limited to addressing site-specific issues of feasibility, cost and risk. DUSEL research partners are physicists, biologists and geoscientists. Partner proposals currently being developed call for a network of shafts and tunnels that will provide access to experimental area excavations. As currently planned, these excavations would range in span from roughly three to sixty metres. The Project is still in the planning stage. However, the initial experimental program is taking shape and conceptual designs are underway at two hard rock mine sites. This paper will focus on introducing the project to the international rock engineering community and outline potential elements of a diverse research program that could be undertaken at the DUSEL. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Laughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-415-40163-1 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2006 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BFL33 UT WOS:000242794100062 ER PT J AU DeJong, BP Faulring, EL Colgate, JE Peshkin, MA Kang, HS Park, YS Ewing, TF AF DeJong, BP Faulring, EL Colgate, JE Peshkin, MA Kang, HS Park, YS Ewing, TF TI Lessons learned from a novel teleoperation testbed SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE remote handling devices; mental development; virtual work ID MENTAL ROTATION; AUGMENTED REALITY; COBOT AB Purpose - Sets out to discuss lessons learned from the creation and use of an over-the-internet teleoperation testbed. Design/methodology/approach - Seven lessons learned from the testbed are presented. Findings - This teleoperation interface improves task performance, as proved by a single demonstration. Originality/value - in helping to overcome time-delay difficulties in the operation, leading to dramatically improved task performance, this study contributes significantly to the improvement of teleoperation by making better use of human skills. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP DeJong, BP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Colgate, James/B-7589-2009; Peshkin, Michael/B-7604-2009; Ewing, Thomas/G-5396-2014; Peshkin, Michael/D-9449-2016 OI Peshkin, Michael/0000-0001-6126-3320 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1108/01439910610659097 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 048GG UT WOS:000237935000008 ER PT B AU Roy, S Verghese, GC Lesieutre, BC AF Roy, Sandip Verghese, George C. Lesieutre, Bemard C. BE Braz, J Araujo, H Vieira, A Encarnacao, B TI Moment-linear stochastic systems SO INFORMATICS IN CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics (ICINCO 2004) CY AUG 25-28, 2004 CL Setubal, PORTUGAL DE jump-linear systems; linear state estimation and control; stochastic network models ID TIME; MODELS AB We introduce a class of quasi-linear models for stochastic dynamics, called moment-linear stochastic systems (MLSS). We formulate MLSS and analyze their dynamics, as well as discussing common stochastic models that can be represented as MLSS. Further studies, including development of optimal estimators and controllers, are summarized. We discuss the reformulation of a common stochastic hybrid system-the Markovian jump-linear system (MJLS)-as an MLSS, and show that the MLSS formulation can be used to develop some new analyses for MJLS. Finally, we briefly discuss the use of MLSS in modeling certain stochastic network dynamics. Our studies suggest that MLSS hold promise in providing a framework for modeling interesting stochastic dynamics in a tractable manner. C1 [Roy, Sandip] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Verghese, George C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lesieutre, Bemard C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM srov@eecs.wsu.edu; verghese@mit.edu; BCLesieutre@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4136-5 PY 2006 BP 263 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4543-3_32 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BEL25 UT WOS:000237704100032 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Deshpande, R Rice, P To, B Dillon, AC AF Lehman, JH Deshpande, R Rice, P To, B Dillon, AC TI Carbon multi-walled nanotubes grown by HWCVD on a pyroelectric detector SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Carbon multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) were grown on a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) pyroelectric detector with a nickel film as the catalyst by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Two detectors are documented, each with slightly different deposition conditions. The absolute spectral responsivity of each device was measured from 600 nm to 1800 nm and indicates that the MANT-coating absorptance is spectrally uniform, with variations of only a few percent. We also discuss growth of MWNTs on LiTaO3 by CVD and the limitations presented by the Curie temperature of the pyroelectric material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov; anne_dillon@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.12.004 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 002SD UT WOS:000234630800005 ER PT S AU Lavrik, NV Grbovic, D Rajic, S Datskos, PG Forrai, D Nelson, E Devitt, J McIntyre, B AF Lavrik, N. V. Grbovic, D. Rajic, S. Datskos, P. G. Forrai, D. Nelson, E. Devitt, J. McIntyre, B. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Uncooled infrared imaging using bimaterial microcantilever arrays - art. no. 62061K SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXII, Pts 1and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY APR 17-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE uncooled; infrared; microcantilever; focal plane array (FPA); NETD; IR imaging; thermal detector ID PERFORMANCE; SENSORS AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of microcantilever based uncooled focal plane array (FPA) for infrared imaging. By combining a streamlined design of microcantilever thermal transducers with a highly efficient optical readout, we minimized the fabrication complexity while achieving a competitive level of imaging performance. The microcantilever FPAs were fabricated using a straightforward fabrication process that involved only three photolithographic steps (i.e. three masks). A designed and constructed prototype of an IR imager employed a simple optical readout based on a noncoherent low-power light source. The main figures of merit of the IR imager were found to be comparable to those of uncooled MEMS infrared detectors with substantially higher degree of fabrication complexity. In particular, the NETD and the response time of the implemented MEMS IR detector were measured to be as low as 0.5K and 6 ins, respectively. The potential of the implemented designs can also be concluded from the fact that the constructed prototype enabled IR imaging of close to room temperature objects without the use of any advanced data processing. The most unique and practically valuable feature of the implemented FPAs, however, is their scalability to high resolution formats, such as 2000x2000, without progressively growing device complexity and cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lavrik, NV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6262-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6206 BP K2061 EP K2061 AR 62061K DI 10.1117/12.666125 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BER42 UT WOS:000239035200054 ER PT S AU Darling, TW TenCate, JA Vogel, S Proffen, T Page, K Herrera, C Covington, AM Emmons, E AF Darling, Timothy W. TenCate, James A. Vogel, Sven Proffen, Thomas Page, Katie Herrera, Christine Covington, Aaron M. Emmons, Erik BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Localizing nonclassical nonlinearity in geological materials with neutron scattering experiments SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE neutron scattering; nonlinear; nonclassical; hysteresis; rocks AB Deviations from linear elasticity in consolidated rocks have been measured by acoustic methods and by quasistatic application of stress since the early 1900s. We have used elastic neutron scattering to probe a large volume (on a grain-size scale) of a variety of consolidated rocks under dynamic and quasi-static conditions. Differences between macroscopic external strain and average atomic-scale strain were determined. Nonlinear behavior is intimately related to strain magnitudes so the microscopic distribution of strain is important. Our results indicate that a very small volume (< 5%) of the rock is responsible for almost all of the nonlinear response of the bulk rock. We discuss our results and possible future experiments. C1 [Darling, Timothy W.; TenCate, James A.; Vogel, Sven; Proffen, Thomas; Page, Katie; Herrera, Christine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Darling, Timothy W.; Covington, Aaron M.; Emmons, Erik] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Darling, TW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; DOEs Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; DOE/NNSA under UNR [DE-FC52-01NV14050] FX This work was primarily supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development program funds at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. JT was partly funded by the DOEs Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. KP and CH were funded on the NASA-USRP summer student program. The Raman measurements at UNR were supported by DOE/NNSA under UNR grant DE-FC52-01NV14050. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 19 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600003 ER PT S AU Muller, M Tencate, JA Darling, TW Sutin, A Guyer, RA Talmant, M Laugier, P Johnson, PA AF Muller, M. Tencate, J. A. Darling, T. W. Sutin, A. Guyer, R. A. Talmant, M. Laugier, P. Johnson, P. A. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to damage assessment in bone SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy; bone; microcracks ID CORTICAL BONE AB This study shows for the first time the feasibility of Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) techniques for damage characterization in bone. Two diaphysis of bovine bone were subjected to a progressive damage experiment. Fatigue damage was progressively induced in the samples by mechanical testing in 11 steps. At each damage step, the nonlinear elastic parameter was measured using NRUS. For independent assessment of damage, high energy X-ray CT imaging was performed, but only helped in the detection of the prominent cracks. As the amount of damage accumulation increased, a corresponding increase in the nonlinear response was observed. The measured nonlinear response is much more sensitive than the change in modulus. The results suggest that NRUS could be a potential tool for micro-damage assessment in bone. Further work has to be carried out for a better understanding of the physical nature of damaged bone, and for the ultimate goal of in vivo implementation of the technique. C1 [Muller, M.; Talmant, M.; Laugier, P.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Tencate, J. A.; Darling, T. W.; Johnson, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Sutin, A.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Guyer, R. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75252 Paris 05, France. FU Institutional Support (LDRD); Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France) FX This work was supported by Institutional Support (LDRD) and by the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos, and the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France). The authors would like to acknowledge P. Zysset for helpful discussions and comments, and Hytec Incorporated (www.hytecinc.com) for the imaging facility. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 71 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600012 ER PT S AU Vakhnenko, OO Vakhnenko, VO Shankland, TJ TenCate, JA AF Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O. Vakhnenko, Vyacheslav O. Shankland, Thomas J. TenCate, James A. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Soft-ratchet modeling of slow dynamics in the nonlinear resonant response of sedimentary rocks SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust AB We propose a closed-form scheme that reproduces a wide class of nonlinear and hysteretic effects exhibited by sedimentary rocks in longitudinal bar resonance. In particular, we correctly describe: hysteretic behavior of a resonance curve on both its upward and downward slopes; linear softening of resonant frequency with increase of driving level; gradual (almost logarithmic) recovery (increase) of resonance frequency after large dynamical strains; and temporal relaxation of response amplitude at fixed frequency. Further, we are able to describe how water saturation enhances hysteresis and simultaneously decreases quality factor. The basic ingredients of the original bar system are assumed to be two coupled subsystems, namely, an elastic subsystem sensitive to the concentration of intergrain defects, and a kinetic subsystem of intergrain defects supporting an asymmetric response to an alternating internal stress. C1 [Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Dept Quantum Elect, 14-B Metrologichna St, UA-03143 Kiev, Ukraine. [Vakhnenko, Vyacheslav O.] Inst Geophys, Dept Dynam Nonhomogeneous Media, UA-01054 Kiev, Ukraine. [Shankland, Thomas J.; TenCate, James A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vakhnenko, OO (reprint author), Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Dept Quantum Elect, 14-B Metrologichna St, UA-03143 Kiev, Ukraine. FU Science and Technology Center in Ukraine [1747]; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [0102U002332] FX This research was supported by the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine under Grant No. 1747. O.O.V. acknowledges support from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Grant No. 0102U002332. J.A.T. and T.J.S. thank the Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy for sustained assistance. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 120 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600023 ER PT S AU Vakhnenko, VO Vakhnenko, OO TenCate, JA Shankland, TJ AF Vakhnenko, Vyacheslav O. Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O. TenCate, James A. Shankland, Thomas J. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Dynamical realization of end-point memory in consolidated materials SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust ID SLOW DYNAMICS; SANDSTONE AB Starting with a soft-ratchet model of slow dynamics in nonlinear resonant response of sedimentary rocks we predict the dynamical realization of end-point memory in resonating bar experiments with a cyclic frequency protocol. The effect we describe and simulate is defined as the memory of previous maximum amplitude of alternating stress and manifested in the form of small hysteretic loops inside the big hysteretic loop on the resonance curve. It is most clearly pronounced in the vicinity of bar resonant frequency. These theoretical findings are confirmed experimentally. C1 [Vakhnenko, Vyacheslav O.] Inst Geophys, Dept Dynam & Nonhomogeneous Media, 63-B Bohdan Khmelnytskyy St, UA-01054 Kiev, Ukraine. [Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Dept Quantum Elect, UA-03143 Kiev, Ukraine. [TenCate, James A.; Shankland, Thomas J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vakhnenko, VO (reprint author), Inst Geophys, Dept Dynam & Nonhomogeneous Media, 63-B Bohdan Khmelnytskyy St, UA-01054 Kiev, Ukraine. FU Science and Technology Center in Ukraine [1747]; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [0102U002332] FX This research was supported by the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine under Grant No. 1747. O.O.V. acknowledges support from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Grant No. 0102U002332. J.A.T. and T.J.S. thank the Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy for sustained assistance. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 124 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600024 ER PT S AU Majer, E Pride, S Lo, W Daley, T Sposito, G Nakagawa, S Roberts, P AF Majer, E. Pride, S. Lo, W. Daley, T. Sposito, Garrison Nakagawa, Seiji Roberts, P. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Modeling and field results from seismic stimulation SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust AB Modeling the effect of seismic stimulation employing Maxwell-Boltzmann theory shows that the important component of stimulation is mechanical rather than fluid pressure effects. Modeling using Biot theory (two phases) shows that the pressure effects diffuse too quickly to be of practical significance. Field data from actual stimulation will be shown to compare to theory C1 [Majer, E.; Pride, S.; Lo, W.; Daley, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sposito, Garrison] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nakagawa, Seiji; Roberts, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Majer, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 167 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600032 ER PT S AU Abdel-Fattah, AI Roberts, PM AF Abdel-Fattah, Arnr I. Roberts, Peter M. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Microscopic behavior of colloidal particles under the effect of acoustic stimulations in the ultrasonic to megasonic range SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE colloid/surface interactions; acoustic stimulation; boundary layers AB It is well known that colloid attachment and detachment at solid surfaces are influenced strongly by physico-chemical conditions controlling electric double layer (EDL) and solvation-layer effects. We present experimental observations demonstrating that, in addition, acoustic waves can produce strong effects on colloid/surface interactions that can alter the behavior of colloid and fluid transport in porous media. Microscopic colloid visualization experiments were performed with polystyrene micro-spheres suspended in water in a parallel-plate glass flow cell. When acoustic energy was applied to the cell at frequencies from 500 kHz to 5 MHz, changes in colloid attachment to and detachment from the glass cell surfaces were observed. Quantitative measurements of acoustically-induced detachment of 300-nm microspheres in 0.1M NaCl solution demonstrated that roughly 30% of the colloids that were attached to the glass cell wall during flow alone could be detached rapidly by applying acoustics at frequencies in the range of 0.7 to 1.2 MHz. The remaining attached colloids could not be detached by acoustics. This implies the existence of both "strong" and "weak" attachment sites at the cell surface. Subsequent re-attachment of colloids with acoustics turned off occurred only at new, previously unoccupied sites. Thus, acoustics appears to accelerate simultaneously both the deactivation of existing weak sites where colloids are already attached, and the activation of new weak sites where future attachments can occur. Our observations indicate that acoustics (and, in general, dynamic stress) can influence colloid-colloid and colloid-surface interactions in ways that could cause significant changes in porous-media permeability and mass transport. This would occur due to either buildup or release of colloids present in the porous matrix. C1 [Abdel-Fattah, Arnr I.; Roberts, Peter M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Abdel-Fattah, AI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Division FX This work was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Division. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600035 ER PT S AU Roberts, PM Abdel-Fattah, AI AF Roberts, Peter M. Abdel-Fattah, Amr I. BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Low-frequency dynamic-stress effects on core-scale porous fluid flow due to coupling with sub-pore-scale particle interactions SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE porous flow in rocks; dynamic-stress coupling; colloid transport; seismic stimulation AB It has been observed repeatedly that low-frequency (1-500 Hz) seismic stress waves can enhance oil production from depleted reservoirs and contaminant extraction from groundwater aquifers. The physics coupling stress waves to fluid flow behavior in porous media is still poorly understood. Numerous underlying physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observations. Core-scale experiments were performed to investigate one of these proposed mechanisms, the coupling of dynamic stress to sub-pore size particle (colloid) interactions with solid surfaces. This is an important mechanism because it can produce profound changes in porous matrix permeability due to either accumulation or release of natural colloids. Core-scale porous flow experiments demonstrated that both natural (in-situ) and artificial (injected) colloids can be released from the pores by applying dynamic stress to sandstone cores at frequencies below 100 Hz. Results are shown for release of in-situ particles from Fontainebleau sandstone induced by applying dynamic stress at 26 Hz. C1 [Roberts, Peter M.; Abdel-Fattah, Amr I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roberts, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Division FX This work was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Division. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600036 ER PT S AU Cleveland, RO Johnson, PA Muller, M Talmant, M Padilla, F Laugier, P AF Cleveland, Robin O. Johnson, Paul A. Muller, Marie Talmant, Maryline Padilla, Frederic Laugier, Pascal BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Modelling nonlinear ultrasound propagation in bone SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE nonlinear acoustics; bone properties; harmonic generation; self-demodulation AB Simulations have been carried out to assess the possibility for detecting the nonlinear properties of bone in vivo. We employed a time domain solution to the KZK equation to determine the nonlinear field generated by an unfocussed circular transducer in both cancellous and cortical bone. The results indicate that determining nonlinear properties from the generation of higher harmonics is challenging in both bone types (for propagation distances and source amplitudes appropriate in the body). In cancellous bone this is because the attenuation length scale is very short (about 5 mm) and in cortical bone because the high sound speed and density result in long nonlinear length scales (hundreds of millimeters). An alternative approach to determine the nonlinear properties was considered using self-demodulation of sound. For cancellous bone this may result in a detectable signal although the predicted amplitude of the self-demodulation signal was almost 90 dB below the source level (1 MPa). In cortical bone the self-demodulated signal was even weaker that in cancellous bone (similar to 110 dB down) and, for a practical length signal, was not easy to separate from the components associated with the source C1 [Cleveland, Robin O.] Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cleveland, Robin O.; Muller, Marie; Talmant, Maryline; Padilla, Frederic; Laugier, Pascal] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7623, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75006 Paris, France. [Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D443, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cleveland, RO (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Cleveland, Robin/G-9468-2013 FU "Bourses de Recherche"; Scientific Advisory Board of the Mayor of Paris and by the National Science Foundation through CenSSIS (Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems) FX This work was supported by a grant from "Bourses de Recherche from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Mayor of Paris and by the National Science Foundation through CenSSIS (Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 333 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600064 ER PT S AU Matveev, K Backhaus, S Swift, G AF Matveev, Konstantin Backhaus, Scott Swift, Greg BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI On some nonlinear effects of heat transport in thermal buffer tubes SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE thermoacoustics; acoustic streaming; thermal buffer tube; joining conditions. ID STANDING-WAVE AB Thermal buffer tubes and pulse tubes, elements of thermoacoustic systems, should thermally isolate their two ends at substantially different temperatures while acoustic power freely flows from end to end. In practical high-power operating regimes of thermoacoustic devices, large heat leaks due to acoustic streaming can appear along a thermal buffer tube, which may degrade the overall system performance. To study this effect, a controlled experimental system is under development that will allow measurements of the heat leak due to acoustic streaming under various acoustic and thermal conditions. The phenomenon under consideration has very rich physics, and some of the accompanying effects are discussed. Gravity may significantly reduce or augment streaming and heat transport, and a simple model has been derived to account for its effect. At the ends of a thermal buffer tube, the gas moves periodically between the nearly adiabatic environment of the tube and the nearly isothermal environment of the adjacent heat exchanger. This establishes specific temperature joining conditions at the tube ends, which are important for overall heat transport by acoustic streaming. C1 [Matveev, Konstantin; Backhaus, Scott; Swift, Greg] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matveev, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science; US Department of Energy's Office of Science FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science, in the US Department of Energys Office of Science. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 371 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600073 ER PT S AU Swift, G Backhaus, S AF Swift, Greg Backhaus, Scott BE Atchley, AA Sparrow, VW Keolian, RM TI Gas diodes for thermoacoustic self-circulating heat exchangers SO INNOVATIONS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY JUL 18-22, 2005 CL State Coll, PA SP Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust DE thermoacoustics; acoustic streaming; heat transfer AB An asymmetrical constriction in a pipe functions as an imperfect gas diode for acoustic oscillations in the gas in the pipe. One or more gas diodes in a resonant loop of pipe create substantial steady flow, which can carry substantial heat between a remote heat exchanger and a thermoacoustic or Stirling engine or refrigerator; the flow is driven directly by the oscillations in the engine or refrigerator itself This invention gives Stirling and thermoacoustic devices unprecedented flexibility, and may lead to Stirling engines of unprecedented power. We have built two of these resonant self-circulating heat exchangers, one as a fundamental test bed and the other as a demonstration of practical levels of heat transfer. Measurements of flow and heat transfer are in factor-of-two agreement with either of two simple calculation methods. One calculation method treats the oscillating and steady flows as independent and simply superimposed, except in the gas diodes. The other method accounts for the interaction between the oscillating and steady flow with the quasi-steady approximation. The mutual influence of superimposed turbulent oscillating and steady flows is a theoretical challenge. C1 [Swift, Greg; Backhaus, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science, in the US Department of Energy's Office of Science; NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center's Director's Discretionary Fund FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science, in the US Department of Energys Office of Science, and by NASAs George C. Marshall Space Flight Centers Directors Discretionary Fund. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0330-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 838 BP 399 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BEN52 UT WOS:000238312600077 ER PT J AU Li, XS Fryxell, GE Wang, CM Young, J AF Li, XS Fryxell, GE Wang, CM Young, J TI Nitrocellulose templated hierarchical pore structure in mesoporous thin films SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous; nanopore; templated synthesis; thin films; cellulose nitrate; nitrocellulose ID COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; POROUS SILICA AB A novel and simple method for templating hiearchical pore structure in mesoporous ceramic oxide thin films is described. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mailstop K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 EI 1879-0259 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.09.014 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 001GE UT WOS:000234520800003 ER PT J AU Mattigod, SV Parker, K Fryxell, GE AF Mattigod, SV Parker, K Fryxell, GE TI Correlation of heavy metal binding capacity of thiol-SAMMS using the Misono softness parameter SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sorbent; monolayer; Misono; heavy metal; thiel; mercaptan; sequestration; binding capacity ID FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA; ION ADSORPTION; ADSORBENTS; ACIDS; BASES; MONOLAYERS; SUPPORTS AB The binding chemistry of heavy metal cations to a thiolated nanoporous solid-phase sorbent is correlated with the Misono softness parameter, allowing for useful prediction of binding capacity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mailstop K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.09.028 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 001GE UT WOS:000234520800027 ER PT J AU Daniel, SD Lehn, JSM van der Heide, P Wang, YQ Hoffman, DM AF Daniel, SD Lehn, JSM van der Heide, P Wang, YQ Hoffman, DM TI Synthesis of cyclopentadienyl gadolinium and samarium alkoxide complexes SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE gadolinium; samarium; alkoxide; cyclopentadienyl; gadolinium oxide films ID PRECURSOR; FILMS C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Ctr Mat Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ion Beam Mat Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, DM (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM hoffman@uh.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 359 IS 1 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2005.08.015 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 002LU UT WOS:000234613800027 ER PT J AU Jepsen, RA AF Jepsen, Richard A. TI Uncertainty in Experimental Techniques for Measuring Sediment Erodability SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Erosion measurements; Uncertainty AB There are many experimental methods currently utilized to measure sediment erodability and stability. When utilizing any of the available methods or devices to characterize erodability, one must understand the inherent uncertainty associated with each technique in relation to the application or expected measurement need. In addition, while some uncertainties are unique to a particular measurement device or technique, other uncertainties arise from variation in sediment conditions or properties. Several widely used devices and techniques are discussed with respect to their uncertainties and applicability for certain measurements. Finally, suggestions will be made on how to reduce uncertainty and manage it in model development. C1 [Jepsen, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Environm, POB 5800,MS 1135, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jepsen, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Environm, POB 5800,MS 1135, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rajepse@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020108 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200009 PM 16640316 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, A Do, DH Kim, DM Eom, CB Evans, PG Adams, BW Dufresne, EM AF Grigoriev, Alexei Do, Dal-Hyun Kim, Dong Min Eom, Chang-Beom Evans, Paul G. Adams, Bernhard W. Dufresne, Eric M. TI Nanosecond structural visualization of the reproducibility of polarization switching in ferroelectrics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; x-ray microdiffraction; polarization domain dynamics; time resolved scattering ID THIN-FILMS; NANOFERROELECTRICS AB As the polarization of a ferroelectric thin film reverses in response to an applied electric field, concomitant structural changes can be visualized using time-resolved x-ray microdiffraction. We report the details of this visualization approach and discuss the structural signature of polarization switching measured by time-resolved x-ray diffraction. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Evans, PG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM evans@engr.wisc.edu; dufresne@aps.anl.gov RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2006 VL 85 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1080/10584580601085842 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 122XI UT WOS:000243260500020 ER PT B AU Kroposki, B Basso, T Deblasio, R Friedman, NR AF Kroposki, Benjamin Basso, Thomas Deblasio, Richard Friedman, N. Richard BA Farret, FA Simoes, MG BF Farret, FA Simoes, MG TI INTERCONNECTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE GRID SO INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin; Basso, Thomas; Deblasio, Richard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-75562-3 PY 2006 BP 354 EP 378 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BYA69 UT WOS:000297765100016 ER PT J AU Lambert, T Gilman, P Lilienthal, P AF Lambert, Tom Gilman, Paul Lilienthal, Peter BA Farret, FA Simoes, MG BF Farret, FA Simoes, MG TI MICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER SO INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lilienthal, Peter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 8 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-75562-3 PY 2006 BP 379 EP 418 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BYA69 UT WOS:000297765100017 ER PT S AU Robinson, DG Arent, DJ Johnson, L AF Robinson, David G. Arent, Douglas J. Johnson, Larry GP IEEE TI Impact of distributed energy resources on the reliability of critical telecommunications facilities SO INTELEC 2006: 28TH INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION ENERGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Telecommunications Energy Conference-INTELEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Telecommunications Energy Conference CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL Providence, RI SP IEEE PELS AB This paper documents a probabilistic risk assessment of existing and alternative power supply systems at a large telecommunications office. The analysis characterizes the increase in the reliability of power supply through the use of two alternative power configurations. Failures in the power systems supporting major telecommunications service nodes are a main contributor to significant telecommunications outages. A logical approach to improving the robustness of telecommunication facilities is to increase the depth and breadth of technologies available to restore power during power outages. Distributed energy resources such as fuel cells and gas turbines could provide additional on-site electric power sources to provide backup power, if batteries and diesel generators fail. The analysis is based on a hierarchical Bayesian approach and focuses on the failure probability associated with each of three possible facility configurations, along with assessment of the uncertainty or confidence level in the probability of failure. A risk-based characterization of final best configuration is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sprint Nextel, Overland Pk, KS 66251 USA. RP Robinson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM drobin@sandia.gov; douglas_arent@nrel.gov; Larry.Johnson@sprint.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-0473 BN 978-1-4244-0430-8 J9 INT TELECOM ENERGY PY 2006 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Telecommunications SC Energy & Fuels; Telecommunications GA BGC31 UT WOS:000245995800043 ER PT S AU Martinez-Moyano, IJ Rich, EH Conrad, SH AF Martinez-Moyano, Ignacio J. Rich, Eliot H. Conrad, Stephen H. BE Mehrotra, S Zeng, DD Chen, H Thuraisingham, B Wang, FY TI Exploring the detection process: Integrating judgment and outcome decomposition SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE InternationalConference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2006) CY MAY 23-24, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martinez-Moyano, IJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM imartinez@anl.gov; e.rich@albany.edu; shconra@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34478-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3975 BP 701 EP 703 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEM80 UT WOS:000238207800097 ER PT S AU Abbott, RG AF Abbott, Robert G. BE Ikeda, M Ashley, KD Chan, TW TI Automated expert modeling for automated student evaluation SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Jhongli, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Taipei City Govt, Natl Sci & Technol Program e-Learning, Taiwanese Assoc Artificial Intelligence AB This paper presents automated expert modeling for automated student evaluation, or AEMASE (pronounced "amaze"). This technique grades students by comparing their actions to a model of expert behavior. The expert model is constructed with machine learning techniques, avoiding the costly and time-consuming process of manual knowledge elicitation and expert system implementation. A brief summary of after action review (AAR) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) provides background for a prototype AAR application with a learning expert model. A validation experiment confirms that the prototype accurately grades student behavior on a tactical aircraft maneuver application. Finally, several topics for further research are proposed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Abbott, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1188,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rgabbot@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-35159-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4053 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BET78 UT WOS:000239477100001 ER PT J AU Vladimirsky, A AF Vladimirsky, A. TI Static PDEs for time-dependent control problems SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article ID HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS; ORDERED UPWIND METHODS; DETERMINISTIC CONTROL-PROBLEMS; VISCOSITY SOLUTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-GAMES; EIKONAL EQUATIONS; ALGORITHMS; FORMULATION; SCHEME; COST AB We consider two different non-autonomous anisotropic time-optimal control problems. For the min-time-from-boundary problem, we show that the value function is recovered as a viscosity solution of a static Hamilton - Jacobi - Bellman partial differential equation H(del u(x), u(x), x) = 1( We demonstrate that the space-marching Ordered Upwind Methods ( introduced in [ 29] for the autonomous control) can be extended to this non-autonomous case. We illustrate this approach with several numerical experiments. For the min-time-to-boundary problem, where no reduction to a static PDE is possible, we show how the space-marching methods can be efficiently used to approximate individual level sets of the time-dependent value function. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vladimirsky, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Math, White Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vlad@math.cornell.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C4, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9971 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 281 EP 300 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 105GO UT WOS:000242018600002 ER PT J AU Behrani, V Thom, AJ Kramer, MJ Akinc, M AF Behrani, V Thom, AJ Kramer, MJ Akinc, M TI Microstructure and oxidation behavior of Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE temnary alley systems; oxidation; microstructure (as-cost, deformation-induced, recrystalization-induced) ID MO-12SI-8.5B AT.PERCENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SYSTEM; SILICIDE; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH AB The microstructure and oxidation behavior of sintered Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys were investigated for the phase assemblies T, (Mo5Si3Bx)MoSi2-MoB, T-1-T-2 (Mo5SiB2)-Mo3Si, and Mo-T-2-Mo3Si in the Mo-Si-B system. In the Nb-Si-B system, T-2 (Nb-5(Si,B)(3)) and D8(8) (Nb5Si3Bx) were investigated, while in the quaternary Nb-Mo-Si-B system, T-1-T-2-D8(8) was investigated. Alloys were oxidized at 1000 degrees C in flowing air. For Mo-Si-B compositions, the alloys showed excellent oxidation stability and initial mass loss of the alloy varied according to its Mo content. Minor quantities of MoO2 were observed in the Mo-Si-B scales. The oxidation rates of Nb-Si-B and Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys were much larger than that of Mo-Si-B alloys. Their overall mass gains were significantly dependent on the initial heating atmosphere. In the Nb-Si-B system, T2 and D88 alloys were more resistant to oxidation when heated to the test temperature in high purity argon. The quaternary Nb-Mo-Si-B alloy containing less D88 phase showed lower mass gains than that containing more D88 phase. Scales of the order of 1050 mu m thick were observed on Mo-Si-B alloys while much thicker scales, of the order of 200-600 mu m, were observed on Nb-Si-B and Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys. Initial heating in argon resulted in denser scales and reduced the oxidation rate of Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu RI Behrani, Vikas/N-1844-2013 OI Behrani, Vikas/0000-0002-8160-4855 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.03.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 977TC UT WOS:000232825100003 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Bingham, PR AF Tobin, KW Bingham, PR BE Arecchi, T Gurov, IP Yatagai, T TI Optical spatial heterodyned interferometry for applications in semiconductor inspection and metrology - art. no. 616203 SO International Conference on Laser, Applications, and Technologies 2005: Laser Sensing, Imaging, and Information Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Lasers, Applications and Technologies CY MAY 11-15, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, MV Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, St Petersburg State Univ Informat, Mech & Opt, St Petersburg State Univ, Russian Minist Educ & Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Union Physicists, SPIE Russia Chapter DE Spatial Heterodyned Interferometry; holography; semiconductor wafer inspection; photolithographic mask metrology; MEMS characterization AB Interferometric imaging has the potential to extend the usefulness of optical microscopes by encoding small phase shifts that reveal information about topology and materials. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), we have developed an optical Spatial Heterodyne Interferometry (SHI) method that captures reflection or transmission images containing both phase and amplitude information at a high rate of speed. By measuring the phase of a wavefront reflected off or transmitted through a surface, the relative surface heights and some materials properties can be determined. In this paper we briefly review a variety of application areas where this technology has been applied including semiconductor wafer inspection, photolithographic mask metrology and inspection, and we conclude with a discussion regarding future work to apply SHI to MEMS device characterization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6214-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6162 BP 16203 EP 16203 AR 616203 DI 10.1117/12.674946 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEB12 UT WOS:000236542300003 ER PT J AU Tan, H Huang, Y Liu, C Geubelle, PH AF Tan, H. Huang, Y. Liu, C. Geubelle, P. H. TI Effect of nonlinear interface debonding on the constitutive model of composite materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interface debonding; nonlinear; cohesive law; size effect; particulate composite materials ID SELF-CONSISTENT MECHANICS; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; INTERSONIC CRACK-PROPAGATION; BIOPOLYMER GEL COMPOSITES; MATERIAL-POINT METHOD; INTERNAL-BOND MODEL; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; MATRIX COMPOSITES; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICS MODELS AB Interface debonding, which plays an important role in the deformation and fracture of composite materials, can be characterized by a cohesive law. We use a nonlinear cohesive law for the particle/matrix interface obtained from experiments to study the effect of interface debonding on the macroscopic behavior of composite materials. The dilute solution is obtained for a composite with spherical particles subject to interface debonding and remote hydrostatic tension. For a composite with a fixed particle volume fraction, particle and matrix properties, and interface cohesive law, different particle sizes may lead to very different macroscopic behaviors, such as hardening of the composite for small particles, soffening for medium particles, and unloading for large particles. Two critical particle sizes separating these three scenarios are identified. The composite with particles of the same size as well as the bimodal distribution of particle size is studied, with a focus on the effects of particle size and cohesive energy of the particle/matrix interface. For medium or large particles, the particle/matrix interface may undergo catastrophic debonding, i.e., sudden, dynamic debonding, even under static load. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 72 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 147 EP 167 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i1.100 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 062BH UT WOS:000238918900010 ER PT J AU Samulyak, R Prykarpatskyy, Y Lu, TS Glimm, J Xu, ZL Kim, MN AF Samulyak, Roman Prykarpatskyy, Yarema Lu, Tianshi Glimm, James Xu, Zhiliang Kim, Myoung-Nyoun TI Comparison of heterogeneous and homogenized numerical models of cavitation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; INTERFACE TRACKING; BUBBLY LIQUIDS; FLOWS; SIMULATION; WAVES; METAL; GAS AB We have studied two approaches to the modeling of bubbly and cavitating fluids. The heterogeneous approach is based on the direct numerical simulation of gas bubbles using the interface tracking technique. The second one uses a homogenized description of bubbly fluid properties. Two techniques are complementary and can be applied to resolve different spatial scales in simulations. Numerical simulations of the dynamics of linear and shock waves in bubbly fluids have been performed and compared to experiments and theoretical predictions. Two techniques have been applied to the study of hydrodynamic processes in liquid mercury targets for a new generation of accelerators. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, WMS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Kyushu Univ, Dept Math, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Samulyak, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rosamu@bnl.gov RI Xu, Zhiliang/O-1718-2014 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i3.70 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 095KD UT WOS:000241305700007 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Kim, M Lu, TS Oh, W Glimm, J Samulyak, R Li, XL Tzanos, C AF Xu, Zhiliang Kim, Myoungnyoun Lu, Tianshi Oh, Wonho Glimm, James Samulyak, Roman Li, Xiaolin Tzanos, Constantine TI Discrete bubble modeling of unsteady cavitating flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FRONT TRACKING; 3 DIMENSIONS; FUEL SPRAYS; LIQUID JET; INSTABILITY; COEFFICIENT; SIMULATION; INTERFACE; MOTION; VAPOR AB A discrete vapor bubble model is developed to simulate unsteady cavitating flows. In this model, the mixed vapor-liquid mixture is modeled as a system of pure phase domains (vapor and liquid) separated by free interfaces. On the phase boundary, a numerical solution for the phase transition is developed for compressible flows. This model is used to study the effect of cavitation bubbles on atomization, i.e., the breakup of a high-speed jet and spray formation. The major conclusion is that a multiscale (three-scale) model is sufficient to achieve agreement with quantitative macroscale flow parameters, such as spray opening angle and spray volume fraction or density, or as a qualitative measure, the occurrence of spray formation. The authors believe this to be the first numerical study of the atomization process at such a level of detail in modeling of the related physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. RP Xu, ZL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Zhiliang/O-1718-2014 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5-6 BP 601 EP 616 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i5-6.40 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 152OT UT WOS:000245372000004 ER PT J AU Frantziskonis, G Mishra, SK Pannala, S Simunovic, S Daw, CS Nukala, P Fox, RO Deymier, PA AF Frantziskonis, George Mishra, Sudib K. Pannala, Sreekanth Simunovic, Srdjan Daw, C. Stuart Nukala, Phani Fox, Rodney O. Deymier, Pierre A. TI Wavelet-based spatiotemporal multiscaling in diffusion problems with chemically reactive boundary SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; CRACK AB Chemically reacting flows over catalytic and noncatalytic surfaces are one of the elementary operations in chemical processing plants. The underlying physical phenomena span time and length scales over several orders of magnitude, which a robust and flexible modeling framework must efficiently account for. With this purpose as the eventual goal, we propose a wavelet-based multiscale numerical framework and demonstrate it on the coupling of two prototype methods for the problem of species generated on a chemically reactive boundary and diffusing through the bulk. The two methods consider different time and length scales. The first method in this coupling, termed "fine," models the chemical reactions on the reactive boundary stochastically by the kinetic Monte Carlo method and the diffusion in the medium deterministically using relatively small time increments and small spatial discretization mesh size. The second method, termed "coarse," models both the reaction and the diffusion deterministically and uses drastically larger time increments and spatial discretization size than the fine model. The two methods are coupled by forming a spatiotemporal compound wavelet matrix that combines information about the time and spatial scales contained in them. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Frantziskonis, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, POB 210072, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM frantzis@email.arizona.edu RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5-6 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v4.i5-6.100 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 152OT UT WOS:000245372000010 ER PT J AU Cross, TJ Raj, R Cross, TJ Prasad, SV Tallant, DR AF Cross, TJ Raj, R Cross, TJ Prasad, SV Tallant, DR TI Synthesis and tribological behavior of silicon oxycarbonitride thin films derived from poly(urea)methyl vinyl silazane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-N CERAMICS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER ABLATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SICN COATINGS; PRECURSORS; CARBONITRIDE; COMPOSITES; RESISTANT; PRESSURE AB A process for deposition of silicon oxycarbonitride films from poly(urea)methyl vinyl silazane (PUMVS) by spin coating precursor solutions onto a substrate, followed by polymerization, cross-linking and pyrolysis has been developed. The cross-linked polymer films (350 nm thick), deposited on variety substrates (e.g., silicon, sapphire, zirconia), were pyrolyzed in nitrogen or ammonia environments either in a hot isostatic press or in a tube furnace. Their microstructure was characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological (friction and wear) behavior was evaluated in dry nitrogen and air with 50% relative humidity using a unidirectional linear wear tester in a ball-on-disk configuration. Wear surfaces, transfer films and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron micrograph (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cross, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cross@colorado.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2006.02070.x PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 029SL UT WOS:000236584600004 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Kovalchenko, A White, C Zhu, R Lee, A McNallan, MJ Carroll, B Gogotsi, Y AF Erdemir, A. Kovalchenko, A. White, C. Zhu, R. Lee, A. McNallan, M. J. Carroll, B. Gogotsi, Y. TI Synthesis and tribology of carbide-derived carbon films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHLORINATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; DIAMOND FILMS; WEAR; COATINGS; FRICTION; HUMIDITY; HYDROGEN; SURFACE AB Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) films are produced at atmospheric pressure on the surfaces of carbide-based ceramic materials and coatings by a high-temperature chlorination process. These nanoporous carbon films contain carbon nano-onions and amorphous carbon, and may contain nanocrystalline diamond and graphite as well, depending on the synthesis conditions. The combination of such diverse carbon phases in one material or coating provides unique and potentially useful properties for a wide range of engineering applications. In this paper, we will present the results of a comprehensive study on the tribological behavior of these films. The friction coefficient of CDC in open air is comparable with that of graphite and is typically in the range of 0.15-0.25. However, the friction coefficients of CDC tend to decrease with decreasing humidity. In dry nitrogen, its friction coefficient is similar to 0.1 or less. Such behavior is in contrast to that of crystalline graphite, which normally exhibits low friction at high humidity, but high friction at low humidity or in vacuum. The friction coefficient of CDC becomes increasingly lower under heavier loads; however, increasing sliding velocity does not seem to affect its frictional behavior significantly. Using a hydrogenation process that removes residual chlorine from the CDC film, the friction coefficients of CDC can be further lowered to values as low as 0.03. In an attempt to understand some of the underlying mechanisms, we carried out comprehensive chemical and structural studies of the sliding surfaces as well as bulk films and correlated these findings with the friction and wear behavior of CDC films. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ali.erdemir@anl.gov RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Gogotsi, George/0000-0003-1512-6020 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2006.02083.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 045KG UT WOS:000237740400008 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS AF Sabau, AS TI Measurement of heat flux at metal/mould interface during casting solidification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CAST METALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE casting; heat transfer coefficient; heat flux; measurement; interface ID TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; MOLD AB In the present study, heat transfer at the metal/mould interfaces is investigated using a sensor for the direct measurement of heat flux. The heat flux sensor (HFS) was rated for 700 degrees C and had a time response of less than 10 ms. Casting experiments were conducted using graphite moulds for aluminium alloy A356. Several casting experiments were performed using a graphite coating and a boron nitride coating. The measurement errors were estimated. The temperature of the mould surface was provided by the HFS whereas the temperature of the casting surface was measured using a thermocouple. Results for the heat transfer coefficients were obtained based on measured heat flux and temperatures. Four stages were clearly identified for the variation in time of the heat flux. Values of the heat transfer coefficient were in good agreement with data from previous studies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1364-0461 J9 INT J CAST METAL RES JI Int. J. Cast. Metals Res. PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1179/136404606225023390 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 053NU UT WOS:000238312700007 ER PT J AU Ding, C He, XF Xiong, H Peng, HC Holbrook, SR AF Ding, Chris He, Xiaofeng Xiong, Hui Peng, Hanchuan Holbrook, Stephen R. TI Transitive closure and metric inequality of weighted graphs: detecting protein interaction modules using cliques SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA MINING AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE transitive closure; ultrametric; triangle inequality; weighted graph; protein interaction ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COMPLEXES; NETWORKS AB We study transitivity properties of edge weights in complex networks. We show that enforcing transitivity leads to a transitivity inequality which is equivalent to ultra-metric inequality. This can be used to define transitive closure on weighted undirected graphs, which can be computed using a modified Floyd-Warshall algorithm. These new concepts are extended to dissimilarity graphs and triangle inequalities. From this, we extend the clique concept from unweighted graph to weighted graph. We outline several applications and present results of detecting protein functional modules in a protein interaction network. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chqding@lbl.gov; xhe@lbl.gov; hui@rbs.rutgers.edu; pengh@janella.hhmi.org; srholbrook@lbl.gov RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-5673 J9 INT J DATA MIN BIOIN JI Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP 162 EP 177 DI 10.1504/IJDMB.2006.010854 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 185UH UT WOS:000247735400004 PM 18399069 ER PT J AU Yildiz, B Kazimi, MS AF Yildiz, B Kazimi, MS TI Efficiency of hydrogen production systems using alternative nuclear energy technologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; nuclear energy; thermochemical water splitting; high-temperature steam electrolysis; hybrid process AB Nuclear energy can be used as the primary energy Source in centralized hydrogen production through high-temperature thermochemical processes, water electrolysis, or high-temperature steam electrolysis. Energy efficiency is important in providing hydrogen economically and in a climate friendly manner. High operating temperatures are needed for more efficient thermochemical and electrochemical hydrogen production using nuclear energy. Therefore, high-temperature reactors, such as the gas-cooled, molten-salt-cooled and liquid-metal-cooled reactor technologies, are the candidates for use in hydrogen production. Several candidate technologies that span the range from well developed to conceptual are compared in our analysis. Among these alternatives, high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) coupled to an advanced gas reactor cooled by supercritical CO(2) (S-CO(2)) and equipped with a supercritical CO(2) power conversion cycle has the potential to provide higher energy efficiency at a lower temperature range than the other alternatives. (c) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Ctr Adv Nucl Energy Syst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yildiz, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM byildiz@mit.edu NR 30 TC 158 Z9 161 U1 7 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.02.009 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 015GA UT WOS:000235538700011 ER PT J AU Gergaud, P Goudeau, P Sicardy, O Tamura, N Thomas, O AF Gergaud, P Goudeau, P Sicardy, O Tamura, N Thomas, O TI Residual stress analysis in micro- and nano-structured materials by X-ray diffraction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE micro- and nano-structured materials; residual stresses; synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction ID SELF-CONSISTENT METHOD; STRONG FIBER TEXTURE; NEAR-SURFACE REGION; THIN-FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; DEFORMATION; LAYERS; FIELDS; PLASTICITY AB Micro- and nano-structured materials often exhibit high level of residual stresses which may affect the reliability of electronic devices. Stress control is, therefore, essential for improving device lifetime. X-ray diffraction is one of the most widely used techniques for stress analysis. It is essentially non destructive and allows for the study of both the microstructural and elastic properties of all the diffracting phases in complex materials. With the advent of third generation synchrotrons and the development of new X-ray optics and detectors as well as enhanced data analysis capabilities, measurements of specific stress features such as local stresses, stress gradients and stress heterogeneities are now within reach. This paper reviews the state of the art in that field illustrated with a few examples. C1 CEA, DRT LITEN, Dept Technol Energie & Nanomat, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6630, Met Phys Lab, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Univ Paul Cezanne, TECSEN CNRS, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sicardy, O (reprint author), CEA, DRT LITEN, Dept Technol Energie & Nanomat, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. EM patrice.gergaud@univ.u-3mrs.fr; pgoudeau@univ-poitiers.fr; olivier.sicardy@cea.fr; ntamura@lbl.gov; olivier.thomas@univ.u-3mrs.fr RI Thomas, Olivier/A-9952-2012; BM32, CRG IF/I-7017-2015 OI Thomas, Olivier/0000-0002-0583-9257; NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 354 EP 371 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 039OW UT WOS:000237317100010 ER PT J AU Thacker, BH Anderson, MC Senseny, PE Rodriguez, EA AF Thacker, BH Anderson, MC Senseny, PE Rodriguez, EA TI The role of nondeterminism in model verification and validation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE verification; validation; uncertainty quantification; model V&V; prediction; confidence; nondeterministic; reliability; probabilistic AB Model verification and validation (V&V) is an enabling methodology for the development of computational models that can be used to make engineering predictions with quantified confidence. Model V&V procedures are needed to reduce the time, cost and risk associated with component and full-scale testing of products, materials, and engineered systems. Quantifying the confidence and predictive accuracy of model calculations provides the decision-maker with the information necessary for making high-consequence decisions. Development of guidelines and procedures for conducting a V&V programme are currently being defined by a broad spectrum of researchers. This paper briefly reviews the main concepts involved in model V&V and then focuses on the critical role that nondeterministic analysis plays in the V&V process. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FM Global Res, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. RP Thacker, BH (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM bthacker@swri.org; mcanderson@lanl.gov; paul.senseny@fmglobal.com; erodriguez@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 144 EP 163 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 007YH UT WOS:000235006900010 ER PT J AU Schraad, MW Harlow, FH AF Schraad, MW Harlow, FH TI A multi-field approach to modeling the dynamic response of cellular materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dynamics; microstructures; constitutive behavior; finite strain; foam material ID ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY RANGE; POROUS-MEDIA; DARCYS LAW; IRREGULARITY; STRAIN; WAVES; FOAMS AB A multi-field approach is developed for simulating the continuum-scale mechanical response of cellular materials. This approach departs from traditional methods used to model cellular materials, which focus almost exclusively on the mechanical response of the cellular solid, while essentially ignoring the fluids permeating these material systems. In the present work, conservation equations are derived in multi-field form, producing a coupled set of governing equations with source terms depending on gradients in the cellular solid stress, but also on gradients in the permeating fluid pressure and momentum exchange resulting from relative motion between the cellular solid and permeating fluid fields. The multi-field equations of motion are implemented in a standard finite-volume computational test bed and used to study the dynamic response of cellular material systems. The influence of various permeating fluids, along with the effects of aperture size, loading rate, and boundary conditions, also are examined. By incorporating an advanced constitutive model for cellular solids into a multi-field response formulation, a promising new approach for simulating the finite-strain dynamic response of cellular materials is offered. Results demonstrate that the permeating fluid can play a major role in the general response of cellular material systems, contributing to the overall load-carrying capacity of the materials and affecting rate dependence and signal propagation speeds. Furthermore, the results point to the usefulness of the multi-field formulation and provide evidence to suggest that any modeling approach developed for cellular materials gives a proper accounting of the pressure evolution and flow behavior of the fluids present in these material systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schraad, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schraad@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 85 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.09.004 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 996CL UT WOS:000234151900009 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS DesJardin, PE Presser, C Hewson, JC Avedisian, CT AF Yoon, SS DesJardin, PE Presser, C Hewson, JC Avedisian, CT TI Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of water spray impact and transport over a cylinder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SURFACE; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; LIQUID DROPLETS; TURBULENT-FLOW; WALL; COMBUSTION; DRAG; DEFORMATION; IMPINGEMENT; EVAPORATION AB This study compares experimental measurements and numerical simulations of liquid droplets over heated (to a near surface temperature of 423 K) and unheated cylinders. The numerical model is based on an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation using a stochastic separated flow (SSF) approach for the droplets that includes submodels for droplet dispersion, heat and mass transfer, and impact on a solid surface. The details of the droplet impact model are presented and the model is used to simulate water spray impingement on a cylinder. Computational results are compared with experimental measurements using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI). Overall, good agreement is observed between predictions and experimental measurements of droplet mean size and velocity downstream of the cylinder. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Anamdong 5-Ga, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM ssyoon@sandia.gov NR 48 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 EI 1879-3533 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 132 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2005.05.007 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 010NH UT WOS:000235200900006 ER PT J AU Vayssieres, L AF Vayssieres, Lionel TI Editorial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Young Scientists, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vayssieres, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Young Scientists, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 415 EP 415 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 119YA UT WOS:000243049200001 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, Jerome L. V. TI Solution of Burgers' equation using the marker method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING LA English DT Article DE particle method; Burger equation; marker method; shape function ID PLASMA AB A new method for the solution of Burgers' equation is described. The marker method relies on the definition of a convective field associated with the underlying partial differential equation; the information about the approximate solution is associated with the response of an ensemble of markers to this convective field. Some key aspects of the method, such as the selection of the shape function and the initial loading, a rediscussed in some details. The marker method is applicable to a general class of nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlewando@pppl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISCI-INSTITUTE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING & INFORMATION PI EDMONTON PA PO BOX 60632, UNIV ALBERTA POSTAL OUTLET,, EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6G 2G1, CANADA SN 1705-5105 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MOD JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 80 EP 93 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 092AB UT WOS:000241068300004 ER PT J AU Calaf, GM Roy, D Hei, TK AF Calaf, GM Roy, D Hei, TK TI Growth factor biomarkers associated with estrogen- and radiation-induced breast cancer progression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth factor proteins; progression; estrogens; breast cancer ID INDUCED NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY; HIGH-LET RADIATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; ALLELIC IMBALANCE; IN-SITU; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION AB Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Transformation of a normal cell to a malignant one results from mutations in genes that encode key regulatory proteins. Growth factors are proteins secreted by a variety of transformed cells and tumors and function as autocrine regulators of growth. Biomarkers associated with cancer were examined in human breast epithelial cells transformed by high-LET radiation in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol. An established cancer model was used in these studies. The MCF-10F cells that were irradiated with double doses of alpha-particles in the presence of estrogen (60 cGy + E/60 cGy + E, named Alpha 5) showed gradual phenotypic changes relative to control, including tumorigenicity in heterologous animals. Protein expression was determined by quantification of immunofluorescence staining coupled with confocal microscopy. The transforming growth factor a, epidermal growth factor, ERK1 and fibroblast growth factor-1 (Int2) protein expression was analyzed. Increased protein expression was observed in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic alpha-irradiated and estrogen-treated cells. However, Stat-1 alpha and pS2 protein expression was only increased in the tumorigenic Alpha 5 and Tumor 2 cell lines. It can be concluded that high-LET radiation in the presence of estrogen-induced changes in the proteins associated with growth factors and their overexpression may be a critical step in the cascade of events that characterize progression in breast cancer. C1 Univ Tarapaca, Biol & Hlth Dept, Fac Sci, Velasquez 1775, Arica, Chile. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Calaf, GM (reprint author), Univ Tarapaca, Biol & Hlth Dept, Fac Sci, Velasquez 1775, Arica, Chile. EM gmc24@columbia.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 49062]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 09089, ES 07890] NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 996UU UT WOS:000234201400009 PM 16327983 ER PT J AU Ferrieri, AP Thorpe, MR Ferrieri, RA AF Ferrieri, Abigail P. Thorpe, Michael R. Ferrieri, Richard A. TI Stimulating natural defenses in poplar clones (OP-367) increases plant metabolism of carbon tetrachloride SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE methyl jasmonate; carbon-11; phytoremediation; plant defenses; carbon tetrachloride; metabolism; trichloroacetic acid ID PHYTOREMEDIATION AB Groundwater contamination by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) presents a health risk as a potential carcinogen and pollutant that is capable of depleting the ozone layer. Although use of poplar trees in a phytoremediation capacity has proven to be cost effective for cleaning contaminated sites, minimizing leaf emission of volatile contaminants remains a pressing issue. We hypothesized that recently fixed carbon plays a key role in CCl4 metabolism in planta yielding nonvolatile trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and that the extent of this metabolism can be altered by heightening plant defenses. Labeling intact leaves with (CO2)-C-11 (t(1/2) 20.4 m) can test this hypothesis, because the extremely short half-life of the tracer reflects only those processes involving recently fixed carbon. Using radio-HPLC analysis, we observed [C-11]TCA from leaf extract from poplar clones (OP-367) whose roots were exposed to a saturated solution of CCl4 (520 ppm). Autoradiography of [C-11]photosynthate showed increased leaf export and partitioning to the apex within 24 h of CCl4 exposure, suggesting that changes in plant metabolism and partitioning of recently ftred carbon occur rapidly. Additionally, leaf CCl4 emissions were highest in the morning, when carbon pools are low, suggesting a link between contaminant metabolism and leaf carbon utilization. Further, treatment with methyl jasmonate, a plant hormone implicated in defense signal transduction, reduced leaf CCl4 emissions two-fold due to the increased formation of TCA. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Coll Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ferrieri, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rferrieri@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15226510600846780 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086VN UT WOS:000240701200004 PM 17120527 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ AF Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ TI Modeling dislocations and disclinations with finite micropolar elastoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Review DE constitutive behavior; crystal plasticity; disclinations; dislocations; microstructures ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; CONTINUOUSLY DISTRIBUTED DISLOCATIONS; DEFORMED METAL CRYSTALS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INITIAL-STAGE; YIELD-STRESS; POLYCRYSTAL ELASTOVISCOPLASTICITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AB Aspects of a constitutive model for characterizing crystalline metals containing a distribution of dislocation and disclination defects are presented. Kinematics, balance laws, and general kinetic relations are developed - from the perspective of multiscale volume averaging - upon examination of a deforming crystalline element containing a distribution of displacement discontinuities in the form of translational and rotational lattice defects, i.e., dislocations and disclinations. The macroscopic kinematic description is characterized by a three-term multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The micro-level description follows from an additive decomposition of an affine connection into contributions from populations of dislocations and disclinations to the distortion of the lattice directors. Standard balance equations apply at the macroscopic scale, while momentum balances reminiscent of those encountered in micropolar elasticity (i.e., couple stress theory) are imposed at the micro-level on first and second order moment stresses associated with geometrically necessary defects. Thermodynamic restrictions are presented, and general features of kinetic relations are postulated for time rates of inelastic deformations and internal variables. Micropolar rotations are incorporated to capture physics that geometrically necessary dislocations stemming from first order gradients of elastic or plastic parts of the total deformation gradient may alone be unable to reflect, including evolution of defect substructure at multiple length scales and incompatible lattice misorientation gradients arising in ductile single crystals subjected to nominally homogeneous deformation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modeling, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Impact Phys Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 180 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 210 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.12.001 PG 47 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 989PA UT WOS:000233684900002 ER PT J AU Potirniche, GP Horstemeyer, MF Wagner, GJ Gullett, PM AF Potirniche, GP Horstemeyer, MF Wagner, GJ Gullett, PM TI A molecular dynamics study of void growth and coalescence in single crystal nickel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; embedded atom method; void growth; void coalescence; nickel single crystal ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; DUCTILE FRACTURE; LENGTH SCALE; PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; METALS; DAMAGE; LOCALIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SHEET AB Molecular dynamics simulations using Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potentials were performed to analyze material length scale influences on damage progression of single crystal nickel. Damage evolution by void growth and coalescence was simulated at very high strain rates (10(8)-10(10)/s) involving four specimen sizes ranging from approximate to 5000 to 170,000 atoms with the same initial void volume fraction. 3D rectangular specimens with uniform thickness were provided with one and two embedded cylindrical voids and were subjected to remote uniaxial tension at a constant strain rate. Void volume fraction evolution and the corresponding stress-strain responses were monitored as the voids grew under the increasing applied tractions. The results showed that the specimen length scale changes the dislocation pattern, the evolving void aspect ratio, and the stress-strain response. At small strain levels (0-20%), a damage evolution size scale effect can be observed from the damage-strain and stress-strain curves, which is consistent with dislocation nucleation argument of Horstemeyer et al. [Horstemeyer, M.F., Baskes, M.I., Plimpton, S.J., 2001a. Length scale and time scale effects on the plastic flow of FCC metals. Acta Mater. 49, pp. 4363-4374] playing a dominant role. However, when the void volume fraction evolution is plotted versus the applied true strain at large plastic strains (> 20%), minimal size scale differences were observed, even with very different dislocation patterns occurring in the specimen. At this larger strain level, the size scale differences cease to be relevant, because the effects of dislocation nucleation were overcome by dislocation interaction. This study provides fodder for bridging material length scales from the nanoscale to the larger scales by examining plasticity and damage quantities from a continuum perspective that were generated from atomistic results. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, 206 Carpenter Bldg,POB ME, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mfhorst@me.msstate.edu RI Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015; OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 49 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 257 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.02.001 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 989PA UT WOS:000233684900003 ER PT J AU Zhu, HN Mehrabadi, MM Massoudi, M AF Zhu, HN Mehrabadi, MM Massoudi, M TI Incorporating the effects of fabric in the dilatant double shearing model for planar deformation of granular materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE granular materials; constitutive behavior; anisotropic behavior; microstructure (fabric tenser); cyclic loading; double shearing ID ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIALS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; ELASTICITY; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; SOILS AB The objective of this paper is to incorporate the effects of fabric and its evolution into the Dilatant Double Shearing Model [Mehrabadi, M.M., Cowin, S.C., 1978. Initial planar deformation of dilatant granular materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 26, 269-284] for granular materials in order to capture the anisotropic behavior and the complex response of granular materials in cyclic shear loading. An important consequence of considering the fabric is that one can have unequal shearing rates along the two slip directions. This property leads to the non-coaxiality of the principal axes of stress and strain rate, which is more appropriate for a material that exhibits initial and induced anisotropy. In addition, we employ a fabric-dependent elasticity tensor with orthotropic symmetry. The model developed in this paper also predicts one of the experimentally observed characteristics of granular materials: the gradual concentration of the contact normals towards the maximum principal stress direction. We implement the constitutive equations into ABAQUS/Explicit by writing a user material subroutine in order to predict the strength anisotropy of granular materials in a plane strain biaxial compression test and investigate the mechanical behavior of granular materials under the cyclic shear loading conditions. The predictions from this model show good quantitative agreement with the experiments of [Park, C.S., 1990. Anisotropy in deformation and strength properties of sands in plane strain compression, Masters Thesis, University of Tokyo; Park, C.S., Tatsuoka, F., 1994. Anisotropic strength and deformation of sands in plane strain compression. In: XIII ICSMFE, New Delhi, India; Okada, N., 1992. Energy dissipation in inelastic flow of cohesionless granular media. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, San Diego]. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Mehrabadi, MM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mmm@tulane.edu NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 628 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.04.008 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 002UJ UT WOS:000234636900003 ER PT J AU Zhu, HN Mehrabadi, MM Massoudi, M AF Zhu, HN Mehrabadi, MM Massoudi, M TI Three-dimensional constitutive relations for granular materials based on the dilatant double shearing mechanism and the concept of fabric SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE granular materials; constitutive behavior; anisotropic behavior; microstructure; fabric tensor; fabric evolution; double shearing ID STRAIN LOCALIZATION; MODEL; DEFORMATION; ANISOTROPY; SOILS; SCALES AB An extension of a three-dimensional model proposed by Anand and Gu (2000) for amorphous granular materials to include the effects of initial and induced anisotropy is presented in this paper. The proposed model can also be considered as a three-dimensional generalization of a model recently developed by Zhu et al. (2005) for the planar deformation of granular materials. The main ingredients of the model include the dilatant double shearing mechanism (Spencer, 1964; Mehrabadi and Cowin, 1978), the concept of fabric (Oda, 1972), and an extension of the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion (Shield, 1955; Spencer, 1982) to three dimensions. The constitutive equations are implemented in the finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit (ABAQUS, 2001) by developing a user-material subroutine to conduct numerical triaxial compression tests for samples of granular materials with different initial anisotropy. The numerical results agree with the observed behavior and show that the extended constitutive model is capable of capturing the strength anisotropy of granular materials. Employing the anisotropic model developed here, we have also repeated the numerical simulation of the stress state in a static conical sand pile conducted earlier by Anand and Gu (2000). We find that fabric has little or no influence on the vertical stress distribution except at the base of the sand pile where the peak value of this stress is slightly higher than that predicted by the model of Anand and Gu (2000) which does not include the effects of fabric. We also find that the direction of the principal compressive stress changes from vertical at points away from the center of the pile to almost horizontal at points close to the center of the pile. This result provides a possible explanation for the observed dip in the vertical stress distribution in sand piles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Engn Mech, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Mehrabadi, MM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Engn Mech, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mmm@tulane.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 826 EP 857 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.04.013 PG 32 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 020KS UT WOS:000235908500002 ER PT J AU Qu, S Huang, Y Pharr, GM Hwang, KC AF Qu, S Huang, Y Pharr, GM Hwang, KC TI The indentation size effect in the spherical indentation of iridium: A study via the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Review DE indentation size effect ID DISCRETE DISLOCATION ANALYSIS; DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; FINITE DEFORMATION-THEORY; INDENTER TIP RADIUS; LOWER-ORDER; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; LENGTH SCALE; POSTLOCALIZATION BEHAVIOR; LATTICE INCOMPATIBILITY AB The indentation size effect in spherical indentation experiments is studied via the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (CMSG) established from the Taylor dislocation model. Two approaches are adopted in the present study. The first, an extension of Johnson's [Johnson, K.L., 1970. The correlation of indentation experiments. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 18, 115-126.] theoretical indentation model based on CMSG, fails to predict the experimental data for iridium. The finite element method for CMSG is used to characterize the indented material in the second approach. The predicted indentation hardness agrees well with the experimental data. A simple, analytic indentation model is established to give the indentation hardness H = root H-0(2) + 141 alpha(2) mu(2) b/R in terms of the radius R of the spherical indenter, where H-o is the indentation hardness without accounting for the tip radius effect (i.e., given by classical plasticity theories), mu is the shear modulus, b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector, and a is the empirical coefficient around 1/3 in the Taylor dislocation model. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Qu, Shaoxing/C-2318-2008; HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 110 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1265 EP 1286 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.07.008 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 041TU UT WOS:000237479700005 ER PT J AU Bronkhorst, CA Cerreta, EK Xue, Q Maudlin, PJ Mason, TA Gray, GT AF Bronkhorst, CA Cerreta, EK Xue, Q Maudlin, PJ Mason, TA Gray, GT TI An experimental and numerical study of the localization behavior of tantalum and stainless steel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE shear localization; elastic-visco plastic material ID HIGH-STRAIN RATES; LOADED PRENOTCHED PLATES; CRITICAL IMPACT VELOCITY; DUCTILE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FAILURE MODE TRANSITION; PROPAGATING SHEAR BANDS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; FLOW-STRESS; DEFORMATION; METALS AB In general, the shear localization process involves initiation and growth. Initiation is expected to be a stochastic process in material space where anisotropy in the elastic-plastic behavior of single crystals and inter-crystalline interactions serve to form natural perturbations to the material's local stability. A hat-shaped sample geometry was used to study shear localization growth. It is an axisymmetric sample with an upper "hat" portion and a lower "brim" portion with the shear zone located between the hat and brim. The shear zone length is 870-890 mu m with deformation imposed through a split-Hopkinson pressure bar system at maximum top-to-bottom velocity in the range of 8-25 m/s. We present experimental results of the deformation response of tantalum and 316L stainless steel samples. The tantalum samples did not form shear bands but the stainless steel sample formed a late stage shear band. We have also modeled these experiments using both conductive and adiabatic continuum models. An anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model with damage evolution was used within the finite element code EPIC. A Mie-Gruneisen equation of state and the rate and temperature sensitive MTS flow stress model together with a Gurson flow surface were employed. The models performed well in predicting the experimental data. The numerical results for tantalum suggested a maximum equivalent strain rate on the order of 7 x 10(4) s(-1) in the gage section for an imposed top surface displacement rate of 17.5 m/s. The models also suggested that for an initial temperature of 298 K a temperature in the neighborhood of 900 K was reached within the shear section. The numerical results for stainless steel suggest that melting temperature was reached throughout the shear band shortly after peak load. Due to sample geometry, the stress state in the shear zone was not pure shear; a significant normal stress relative to the shear zone basis line was developed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bronkhorst, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-3,POB 1663,Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cabronk@lanl.gov RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011 OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964 NR 51 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1304 EP 1335 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.10.002 PG 32 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 041TU UT WOS:000237479700007 ER PT J AU Brown, EN AF Brown, Eric N. TI Modeling and experiments of damage and fracture: Special issue of IJP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2013 EP 2014 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.05.001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 074QP UT WOS:000239827200001 ER PT J AU Farmer, BS Terao, K Mays, JW AF Farmer, BS Terao, K Mays, JW TI Characterization of model branched polymers by multi-detector SEC in good and theta solvents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Polymer Analysis and Characterization (ISPAC) CY JUN 22-24, 2005 CL Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, ENGLAND HO Univ Sheffield DE size exclusion chromatography; branching; theta solvent; universal calibration; light scattering; viscometry ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CROSSLINKED POLYSTYRENE GELS; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR; DILUTE-SOLUTION PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION; COMB POLYSTYRENES; RADIUS; GYRATION AB Well-defined linear and branched polystyrenes with complex architectures (regular combs and centipedes) were characterized via on-line size exclusion chromatography (SEC), in the good solvent tetrahydrofuran and the theta solvent trans-decalin, in order to measure their radii of gyration (R-g), hydrodynamic radii (R-H), and intrinsic viscosities. Various measures of the sizes of these macromolecules were plotted as a function of the retention volume (V-R) in order to examine the validity of different universal calibration strategies for SEC. Hydrodynamic-based calibration curves were found to be universal, whereas a plot of log R-g versus V-R did not yield universal curves in either solvent. These findings are consistent with previously published data for linear and branched Polymers in thermodynamically good solvents. In addition, good solvent data were used to derive values of the epsilon parameter relating radius of gyration-based and intrinsic viscosity-based chain shrinkage factors. Values of about 0.9 were found for both regular combs and centipedes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jimmymays@utk.edu RI Terao, Ken/B-9143-2008 OI Terao, Ken/0000-0001-7363-4491 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-666X J9 INT J POLYM ANAL CH JI Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1080/10236660500484213 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 023EU UT WOS:000236109300002 ER PT J AU Piecuch, P Hirata, S Kowalski, K Fan, PD Windus, TL AF Piecuch, P Hirata, S Kowalski, K Fan, PD Windus, TL TI Automated derivation and parallel computer implementation of renormalized and active-space coupled-cluster methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mathematical Methods and Symbolic Calculation in Chemistry and Chemical Biology CY AUG, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc DE symbolic computations; coupled-cluster theory; renormalized coupled-cluster methods; active-space coupled-cluster methods; Tensor Contraction Engine ID FULL CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATES; SINGLE-REFERENCE FORMALISM; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; TRIPLE EXCITATION CORRECTIONS; BODY PERTURBATION THEORIES; INTERACTION MODELS; CCSDT MODEL; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; BERYLLIUM CLUSTERS AB Our recent efforts that have led to an automated derivation and computer implementation of the renormalized and active-space coupled-cluster (CC) methods with Tensor Contraction Engine (TCE) are summarized. The TCE-generated renormalized and active-space CC computer codes are parallel and applicable to closed and open-shell references, enabling accurate calculations of potential energy surfaces along bond-breaking coordinates and excited states displaying a significant multireference character. The effectiveness of the new codes in describing electronic quasi-degeneracies is illustrated by the renormalized CC calculations of the potential energy curve of HCl and the active-space CC calculations for the low-lying excited states of the Be-3 system. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Piecuch, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Dept Chem, POB 118435, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM piecuch@cem.msu.edu RI Piecuch, Piotr/C-4435-2011 NR 128 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 106 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 97 DI 10.1002/qua.20753 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 986JL UT WOS:000233445800007 ER PT J AU Narayan, S Lehmann, J Vaughan, ATM Yang, CC Purdy, JA Jones, I Vijayakumar, S AF Narayan, S. Lehmann, J. Vaughan, A. T. M. Yang, C. C. Purdy, J. A. Jones, I. Vijayakumar, S. TI Prospective evaluation to establish a dose response for oral mucositis in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 SU S MA 2407 BP S436 EP S436 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.817 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 094EF UT WOS:000241221601351 ER PT J AU Roeske, JC Nunez, L Wiederrecht, G Weichselbaum, RR AF Roeske, J. C. Nunez, L. Wiederrecht, G. Weichselbaum, R. R. TI Characterization of dose enhancement produced by nanoparticles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY NOV 05-09, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 SU S MA 2879 BP S707 EP S707 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1298 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 094EF UT WOS:000241221602390 ER PT J AU Paggett, JW Krawitz, AD Drake, EF Bourke, MAM Livescu, V Claussen, B Brown, DW AF Paggett, JW Krawitz, AD Drake, EF Bourke, MAM Livescu, V Claussen, B Brown, DW TI In situ loading response of WC-Ni: Origins of toughness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Science of Hard Materials (ICSHM8) CY NOV 08-12, 2005 CL San Juan, PR SP Univ Politecn Catalunya, NASA Space Grant Consortium, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Boston Univ, Recerca Soc Informac General Catalunya, Dept Univ DE cemented carbide composites; thermal residual stress; neutron diffraction ID ELASTIC STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMAL RESIDUAL-STRESS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES AB The strain response of WC and Ni in WC-Ni cemented carbide composites (5, 10 and 20 wt.% Ni) was studied under uniaxial compressive load to -2000 MPa using neutron diffraction. Measurements of elastic strain were made simultaneously in the axial and transverse directions of the samples, for both phases. Thermal residual stresses (TRS) were also measured, before and after loading. Ni plasticity was observed from the earliest load levels. The superposition of tensile Poisson strain (in the transverse direction) on pre-existing tensile Ni strain due to TRS produces anisotropic yielding in binder regions. Yielding is progressive with applied strain, leading to a reversal of transverse binder strain, and anisotropic relaxation of the TRS. The effect is greatest for 20 wt.% Ni, where Ni constraint is much less than for 5 wt.% Ni. These results provide a quantitative basis for the mechanical origins of the toughness of cemented carbide composites. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ReedHycalog, Houston, TX 77011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jwp832@mizzou.edu RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.06.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 982FH UT WOS:000233142800018 ER PT B AU Hansson, AA Reidys, CM AF Hansson, Anders A. Reidys, Christian M. BE Bruzzone, AG Guasch, A Piera, MA Rozenblit, J TI A CLASS OF LOAD BALANCING NETWORK ROUTING PROTOCOLS SO INTERNATIONAL MEDITERRANEAN MODELLING MULTICONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Mediterranean Modelling Multiconference CY OCT 04-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP LogiSim, MISS Spanish & Genoa Ctr, Liophant Simulat, Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, CEA, IFAC, European Council Modelling & Simulat, Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Sequential dynamical system; network; protocol ID SEQUENTIAL DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; ACYCLIC ORIENTATIONS AB In this contribution we consider a new class of generic, parameterized, locally load sensing (LLS) network-routing protocols. These protocols are derived from protocols originally introduced in (Eidenbenz et al., 2006) and defined as local maps of sequential dynamical systems (SDS). in contrast to the framework introduced in (Eidenbenz et al., 2006) these protocols have a single queue as vertex-state. They employ local and global information as follows: local information is used since they route packets based on the queue-sizes of immediate neighbors and global information is utilized by considering the relative distance of these neighbors to the destination. For a fixed network this means that global information is static while local information is dynamic. No feedback mechanisms involving global information exists, like for instance in TCP, where the congestion along a path is a feedback parameter. Having defined the protocols as local maps allows us to categorize equivalent systems by identifying update schedule classes which yield a certain system dynamics. Additionally we show how to use certain symmetries of the underlying base graph in order to identify further equivalence classes. C1 [Hansson, Anders A.; Reidys, Christian M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci CCS 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hansson, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci CCS 5, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hansson@lanl.gov; reidys@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIOPHANT SIMULATION PI SAVONA PA VIA MOLONERO 1, SAVONA, 17100, ITALY BN 978-84-690-0726-6 PY 2006 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BKO13 UT WOS:000268748000005 ER PT B AU Perumalla, KS Bhaduri, BL AF Perumalla, Kalyan S. Bhaduri, Budhendra L. BE Bruzzone, AG Guasch, A Piera, MA Rozenblit, J TI ON ACCOUNTING FOR THE INTERPLAY OF KINETIC AND NON-KINETIC ASPECTS IN POPULATION MOBILITY MODELS SO INTERNATIONAL MEDITERRANEAN MODELLING MULTICONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Mediterranean Modelling Multiconference CY OCT 04-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP LogiSim, MISS Spanish & Genoa Ctr, Liophant Simulat, Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, CEA, IFAC, European Council Modelling & Simulat, Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Population dynamics; GIS; Parallel Simulation ID SIMULATION AB Several important applications are placing demands on satisfactory characterization of the bi-directional interplay between kinetic and non-kinetic aspects in the mobility of people and commodities. Example applications include emergency planning, energy planning, and policy making, all of which require new holistic approaches for capturing the interplay. Accurate characterization of the interplay requires integration of three distinct components, namely, data, models and computation. The availability of new sources of high-resolution data, and of detailed models together with recent advances in scalable computational methods now permits accurate modeling and simulation. This paper serves to highlight and argue that the interplay can in fact be captured in a high level of detail in simulations, enabled by the availability of new data, models and computational capabilities. Some of the challenges that are encountered in incorporating the interplay are outlined and plausible solution approaches are described in the context of large-scale scenarios involving mobility of people and commodities. C1 [Perumalla, Kalyan S.; Bhaduri, Budhendra L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM perumallaks@ornal.gov; bhaduribl@ornl.gov OI Perumalla, Kalyan/0000-0002-7458-0832 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIOPHANT SIMULATION PI SAVONA PA VIA MOLONERO 1, SAVONA, 17100, ITALY BN 978-84-690-0726-6 PY 2006 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BKO13 UT WOS:000268748000029 ER PT B AU Park, A Perumalla, K Protopopescu, V Shankar, M DeNap, F Gorman, B AF Park, Alfred Perumalla, Kalyan Protopopescu, Vladimir Shankar, Mallikarjun DeNap, Frank Gorman, Bryan BE Bruzzone, AG Guasch, A Piera, MA Rozenblit, J TI ON EVALUATION NEEDS OF REAL-LIFE SENSOR NETWORK DEPLOYMENTS SO INTERNATIONAL MEDITERRANEAN MODELLING MULTICONFERENCE 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Mediterranean Modelling Multiconference CY OCT 04-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP LogiSim, MISS Spanish & Genoa Ctr, Liophant Simulat, Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, CEA, IFAC, European Council Modelling & Simulat, Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Sensor Networks; Simulation; Plume Models AB There is a rapidly growing need to evaluate sensor network functionality and performance in the context of the larger environment of infrastructure and applications in which the sensor network is organically embedded. This need, which is motivated by complex applications related to national security operations, leads to a paradigm fundamentally different from that of traditional data networks. In the sensor networks of interest to us, the network dynamics depend strongly on sensor activity, which in turn is triggered by events in the environment. Because the behavior of sensor networks is sensitive to these driving phenomena, the integrity of the sensed observations, measurements and resource usage by the network can widely vary. It is therefore imperative to accurately capture the environmental phenomena, and drive the simulation of the sensor network operation by accounting fully for the environment effects. In this paper, we illustrate the strong, intimate coupling between the sensor network operation and the driving phenomena in their applications with an example sensor network designed to detect and track gaseous plumes. C1 [Park, Alfred; Perumalla, Kalyan; Protopopescu, Vladimir; Shankar, Mallikarjun; DeNap, Frank; Gorman, Bryan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perumalla, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM perumallaks@ornl.gov RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460; Perumalla, Kalyan/0000-0002-7458-0832 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIOPHANT SIMULATION PI SAVONA PA VIA MOLONERO 1, SAVONA, 17100, ITALY BN 978-84-690-0726-6 PY 2006 BP 605 EP 610 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BKO13 UT WOS:000268748000084 ER PT S AU Sweatt, WC Spahn, OB Cowan, WD Wick, DV AF Sweatt, William C. Spahn, Olga B. Cowan, William D. Wick, David V. BE Gregory, GG Howard, JM Koshel, RJ TI Wavefront correction using micromirror arrays: Comparing the efficacy of tip-tilt-piston and piston-only micromirror arrays - art. no. 634207 SO International Optical Design Conference 2006, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Optical Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, Amer Soc Precis Engn AB Micromirrors arrays can be used to correct residual wavefront aberrations in certain optical systems. The aberration correction capability of arrays of piston-only and piston-tip-tilt micromirrors are compared. Sandia's micromirror fabrication program is discussed and two example systems are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sweatt, WC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6427-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6342 BP 34207 EP 34207 AR 634207 DI 10.1117/12.692194 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BFB73 UT WOS:000240891400007 ER PT S AU Malone, RM Capelle, GA Celeste, JR Celliers, PM Frogget, BC Guyton, RL Kaufman, MI Lee, TL MacGowan, BJ Ng, EW Reinbachs, IP Robinson, RB Seppala, LG Tunnell, TW Watts, PW AF Malone, Robert M. Capelle, Gene A. Celeste, John R. Celliers, Peter M. Frogget, Brent C. Guyton, Robert L. Kaufman, Morris I. Lee, Tony L. MacGowan, Brian J. Ng, Edmund W. Reinbachs, Imants P. Robinson, Ronald B. Seppala, Lynn G. Tunnell, Thomas W. Watts, Phillip W. BE Gregory, GG Howard, JM Koshel, RJ TI Overview of the line-imaging VISAR diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) SO INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Optical Design Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, Amer Soc Precis Engn DE VISAR; interferometry; velocimetry; optical relay; National Ignition Facility (NIF); streak camera AB Optical diagnostics are currently being designed to analyze high-energy density physics experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Two line-imaging Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) interferometers have been fielded to measure shock velocities, breakout times, and emission of targets sized from 1 to 5 millimeters. A 20-cm-diameter, fused silica triplet lens collects light at f/3 from the targets inside the 10-meter-diameter NIF vacuum chamber. VISAR recordings use a 659.5-nm probe laser. By adding a specially coated beam splitter at the interferometer table, light at wavelengths from 540 to 645 nm is split into a thermal-imaging diagnostic. Because fused silica lenses are used in the first triplet relay, the intermediate image planes for different wavelengths separate by considerable distances. A pair of corrector lenses on the interferometer table reunites these separated wavelength planes to provide a good image. Streak cameras perform all VISAR and thermal-imaging recording. Alignment techniques are discussed. C1 [Malone, Robert M.; Frogget, Brent C.; Kaufman, Morris I.; Tunnell, Thomas W.] Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos Operat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Capelle, Gene A.] Bechtel Nevada, Santa Barbara Operat, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Guyton, Robert L.; Reinbachs, Imants P.; Watts, Phillip W.] Bechtel Nevada, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Celeste, John R.; Celliers, Peter M.; Lee, Tony L.; MacGowan, Brian J.; Ng, Edmund W.; Robinson, Ronald B.; Seppala, Lynn G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Malone, RM (reprint author), Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos Operat, 182 Eastgate Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM malonerm@nv.doe.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6427-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6342 AR 634220 DI 10.1117/12.692236 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BFB73 UT WOS:000240891400071 ER PT S AU Vaska, P Rubins, DJ Alexoff, DL Schiffert, WK AF Vaska, Paul Rubins, Daniel J. Alexoff, David L. Schiffert, Wynne K. BE Bradley, RJ Harris, RA Jenner, P TI Quantitative imaging with the micro-pet small-animal pet tomograph SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY, VOL 73 SE International Review of Neurobiology LA English DT Review ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; 3-D PET; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SCATTER CORRECTION; RAT-BRAIN; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RECONSTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; SCANNER; REGISTRATION AB Quantitative imaging of complex biological processes is a critical technology of the post-sequencing era. In particular, positron emission tomography (PET), using small-animal models, has emerged as a powerful technique to explore physiology in a flexible, noninvasive, and potentially highly, quantitative way. With the recent advent of commercial high-resolution, small-animal imagers, such as the micro-PET scanners from Siemens (formerly Concorde Microsystems), functional imaging of rodent models using PET has found increasing acceptance. However, a broad class of PET research, particularly neuroimaging, requires quantitative accuracy which, for the new small-animal systems, has generally been slow to reach the standards of state-of-the-art clinical research cameras. An essential first step in a quantitative PET study is the generation of a faithful representation of the radioactivity distribution in the subject as a function of time, which can be subsequently interpreted in terms of biological processes using methods such as tracer kinetic modeling. Since the accuracy of the input images is critical to the effectiveness of such models, the development of methods to improve image quantification is an important endeavor. These issues in the physics of imaging comprise the focus of this manuscript. Many factors impact PET image quantification including system setup and calibration, prereconstruction corrections for physical effects (e.g., deadtime, randoms, scatter, and attenuation), the type of image reconstruction algorithm, and postreconstruction methods that delineate anatomical regions and correct for spatial-resolution effects (i.e., partial volume effects). While most of these quantitative issues are applicable to all small-animal PET systems, they will be described in the specific context of the popular micro-PET R4 rodent tomograph in order to provide concrete recommendations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, Dept Imaging, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vaska, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7742 BN 0-12-366874-3 J9 INT REV NEUROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Neurobiol. PY 2006 VL 73 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1016/S0074-7742(06)73006-9 PG 35 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BEL85 UT WOS:000238044900006 PM 16737905 ER PT S AU Murayama, H AF Murayama, H BE Faessler, A TI Origin of neutrino mass SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS 27TH COURSE: NEUTRINOS IN COSMOLOGY, IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nuclear Physics 27th Course - Neutrinos in Cosmology, in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics CY SEP 16-24, 2005 CL Erice, ITALY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Italian Minist Univ & Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Govt ID BARYOGENESIS; BARYON; NUMBER AB I discuss briefly why the neutrino mass has been, is, and will be interesting as a probe to physics at very high energy scales as well as early cosmology. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murayama, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 Leconte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM murayama@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2006.02.001 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEL59 UT WOS:000238001000001 ER PT S AU Hahn, RL AF Hahn, Richard L. BE Faessler, A TI Two proposals to measure antineutrinos: At the Braidwood (USA) and the Daya Bay (PRC) reactors SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS 27TH COURSE: NEUTRINOS IN COSMOLOGY, IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nuclear Physics 27th Course - Neutrinos in Cosmology, in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics CY SEP 16-24, 2005 CL Erice, ITALY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, European Phys Soc, Italian Minist Educ, Italian Minist Univ & Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Govt DE neutrino oscillations; neutrino mixing angle; Theta(13); q(13); Braidwood neutrino experiment; Daya Bay neutrino experiment; Brookhaven National Laboratory; neutrinos and the BNL Chemistry Department; BNL Nuclear-Chemistry Group AB This paper discusses two proposed experiments to measure the unknown neutrino mixing angle, 013, with high precision, sin(2) 2 theta(13) <= 0.01. These experiments would search for a reduction in the flux as a function of distance, and for changes in the energy spectrum, of the antineutrinos emitted by nuclear power reactors (a) at the Braidwood reactor in Illinois in the USA, and (b) at the Daya Bay reactor near Shenzhen, China. A key common feature of these experiments is that they would use multiple identical antineutrino detectors placed at different distances from the reactor. Taking the ratio of the neutrino signals from these multiple detectors should lead to high sensitivity by cancelling out many of the systematic errors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hahn, RL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rhahn@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2005.12.009 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BEL59 UT WOS:000238001000013 ER PT S AU Wang, XN AF Wang, Xian-Nian BE Liss, TM TI QCD and matter at extreme conditions SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE quark-gluon plasma; QCD; heavy-ion collisions ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ENERGY-LOSS; COLLISIONS; DENSITY; FLOW; THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; LOOP; A+A AB Nuclear matter is predicted to undergo a phase transition and become a plasma of quarks and gluons (QGP) at high temperature and density. Recent experimental results from high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider (RHIC) indicate the production of a strongly interacting quark-gluon matter with fluid-like properties. I will discuss some expected features of QCD at high temperature and density, theoretical interpretations of experimental observations and challenges in unraveling some of the basic properties of dense matter in the strongly interacting regime. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100003 ER PT S AU Arrington, J Kinney, E Yuan, F AF Arrington, John Kinney, Ed Yuan, Feng BE Liss, TM TI Nuclear structure at the CIPANP conference - Summary SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE nuclear structure ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; TRANSVERSE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GAUGE; FRAGMENTATION; QCD AB We present a brief summary of the nuclear structure parallel sessions. C1 [Arrington, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kinney, Ed] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Feng] RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 152 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100018 ER PT S AU Dunlop, JC AF Dunlop, J. C. BE Liss, TM TI Summary of quark matter and heavy ion parallel session, CIPANP06 SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE relativistic heavy ion collisions ID GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB This is clearly an exciting time to be working in the field of relativistic heavy ions, due to RHIC, a running facility dedicated to the study of quark matter at high energy density. Collective phenomena in collisions of ions at high energy indicate that the medium behaves as a liquid with extremely low viscosity, as an essentially perfect liquid. Talks during the session addressed progress in testing this hypothesis and measuring the viscosity. New progress in constituent quark number scaling at intermediate p(T), which may identify the relevant degrees of freedom at hadronization, was reported. There has also been significant progress towards full jet emission tomography of the collision zone, using the physical phenomenon of jet quenching, discovered at RHIC. Finally, possible thermometers of the collision zone have been identified and promising measurements towards their use have been made. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dunlop, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 160 EP 167 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100019 ER PT S AU Walker, GP AF Walker, G. P. CA Milagro Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Surveying the TeV sky with Milagro SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE gamma-ray astronomy; extensive air-shower detectors; cosmic-ray detectors AB A wide field of view, high duty factor TeV gamma-ray observatory is essential for studying TeV astrophysical sources, because most of these sources are either highly variable or are extended, Milagro is such a TeV detector and has performed the deepest survey of the Northern Hemisphere sky. In addition to detecting the Crab Nebula and Mrk 421, which are known TeV sources, Milagro has made the first detection of diffuse TeV emission from the Galactic plane. The Milagro data has been searched for unknown point sources and extended sources. A new extended TeV source is seen and is coincident with an EGRET unidentified source. Based on the success of Milagro, a second generation water Cherenkov gamma-ray observatory is planned which will give an increase in sensitivity of more than an order of magnitude. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walker, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 171 EP 173 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100020 ER PT S AU Hime, A AF Hime, Andrew BE Liss, TM TI DEAP & CLEAN detectors for low energy particle astrophysics SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE solar neutrinos; dark matter; WIMPs; cryogenic liquids; scintillation light AB Liquid cryogens such as neon and argon hold promise as targets for low-energy solar neutrinos and WIMP dark matter in conceptually simple detectors exploiting the unique properties of scintillation light in these liquids. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hime, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100028 ER PT S AU Nelson, TK AF Nelson, T. K. BE Liss, TM TI Precision measurements at the ILC SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE ILC; Higgs couplings AB With relatively low backgrounds and a well-determined initial state, the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) would provide a precision complement to the LHC experiments at the energy frontier. Completely and precisely exploring the discoveries of the LHC with such a machine will be critical in understanding the nature of those discoveries and what, if any, new physics they represent. The unique ability to form a complete picture of the Higgs sector is a prime example of the probative power of the ILC and represents a new era in precision physics. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Nelson, TK (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100035 ER PT S AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, William J. BE Liss, TM TI The weak mixing angle and "new physics" (a tale of two numbers) SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE weak mixing angle; new physics ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; PREDICTIONS AB The two best Z pole determinations of sin(2) theta(W) (m(Z))(M) over bar(S) over bar differ by 3 sigma, a feature lost in global fits and averaging. Individually, sin(2) theta(W) (m(Z))(M) over bar(S) over bar- = 0.2307 (3) obtained from A(LR), taken together with m(W) = 80.410 (32) GeV, points to a very light Higgs boson, m(H) similar or equal to 12 - 63 GeV, already ruled out experimentally. It is, however, easily redeemed by low mass scale supersymmetry or models with (effectively) S similar or equal to -0. 12 and T similar or equal to +0.06. Alternatively, sin(2) theta w (m(Z))(M) over bar(S) over bar similar or equal to 0.2320(3) obtained from A(FB)(Z -> b (b) over bar), suggests a very heavy Higgs, mH similar to 500 GeV, along with S similar or equal to +0.45 which is suggestive of Technicolor models. Future ways to resolve this discrepancy are briefly discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100036 ER PT S AU Berger, EL AF Berger, Edmond L. BE Liss, TM TI Higgs boson decay into a pair of leptons SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE Higgs; W pairs; leptons; backgrounds; heavy flavors ID COLLIDER AB The decay of Higgs boson into a pair of W bosons h -> W+W-, is a dominant mode for Higgs boson masses above 135 GeV. At hadron colliders, searches for this decay focus on channels in which both W bosons decay leptonically, h -> W+W- -> l(+)l(-) plus missing energy. We show that semileptonic decays of heavy flavors are an important background to this signal. Lepton isolation provides too little suppression of heavy flavor contributions, and an additional 4 to 8 orders-of magnitude suppression must come from physics cuts. An increase of the cut on the the minimum transverse momentum of non-leading leptons in multilepton events is one is one effective way to achieve the needed suppression, without appreciable loss of the Higgs boson signal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 258 EP 261 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100041 ER PT S AU Kubarovsky, V Stoler, P AF Kubarovsky, Valery Stoler, Paul BE Liss, TM TI Search for pentaquarks with CLAS SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE pentaquark; exotics AB We review the latest results from experiments dedicated to pentaquark searches carried out at the Jefferson Lab with the CLAS detector. C1 [Kubarovsky, Valery; Stoler, Paul] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Kubarovsky, Valery] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kubarovsky, V (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 364 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100065 ER PT S AU Kryemadhi, A AF Kryemadhi, Abaz CA CDF Collaboration DO Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Beauty baryons at CDF and DO SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE leptonic and semileptonic decays; Hadronic Decays; Bottom Baryons ID B DECAYS AB The results from Tevatron in the baryonic sector are presented. The lifetime of Lambda(b)-> J/psi Lambda, the observation of hadronic decay of Lambda(b)->Lambda(c)pi, the semileptonic decays of Lambda(b ->)Lambda(c)mu v, the hadronization of the b-baryons, and the b decays to Lambda(b)-> p pi and Lambda(b)-> pK are discussed. These measurements paint a nice picture of our understanding of the beauty baryons. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kryemadhi, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 352,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100067 ER PT S AU Berger, EL AF Berger, Edmond L. BE Liss, TM TI Production of prompt photons SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE QCD; photons; tevatron; LHC; Higgs AB After a brief review of the production dynamics of prompt single photons in hadron collisions, I summarize a new QCD calculation of the transverse momentum distribution of continuum prompt photon pairs produced by QCD subprocesses, including all-orders soft-gluon resummation valid at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. Resummation is necessary to obtain reliable predictions, as well as good agreement with data from the Fermilab Tevatron, in the range of transverse momentum where the cross section is largest. Predictions are made for the Large Hadron Collider where the QCD diphoton continuum is shown to have a softer spectrum in transverse momentum than the Higgs boson signal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100075 ER PT S AU Bandurin, D AF Bandurin, Dmitry BE Liss, TM TI Photons and jets at the Tevatron. SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE prompt photons; hadron jets AB Presented are the Run II QCD preliminary results of DO and CDF Collaborations on the measurements of inclusive jet cross sections as well as recently published results on the inclusive and di-photon cross sections. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bandurin, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 416 EP 419 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100076 ER PT S AU Debbe, R AF Debbe, R. CA BRAHMS Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Charged particle production at high rapidity in p+p collisions at RHIC SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE RHIC; pp cross-sections; NLO pQCD; baryon transport ID FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; QUARK; COLLIDER AB This report describes the recent analysis of identified charged particle production at high rapidity performed on data collected from p+p collisions at RHIC (root s = 200GeV). The extracted invariant cross-sections compare well to NLO pQCD calculations. However, a puzzling high yield of protons at high rapidity and PT has been found. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debbe, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100077 ER PT S AU Bravar, A AF Bravar, Alessandro BE Liss, TM TI Spin effects in high energy hadron elastic scattering SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE elastic scattering; spin; Coulomb Nuclear Interference ID PP AB The interference of the electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude with a hadronic spin-nonflip amplitude in elastic scattering leads to significant spin dependencies at very low momentum transfer t. Recent results on AN and ANN in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at very low t using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the 100 GeV/c polarized proton beam are at RHIC are presented. Our AN pp data are well described with the electromagnetic spin-flip alone and do not support the presence of a large hadronic spin-flip amplitude. The double spin asymmetry A(NN) is found to be consistent with zero over the whole measured t range, indicating that double spin-flip amplitudes do not play a role in this kinematical region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 443 EP 445 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100083 ER PT S AU Hall, C AF Hall, Carter CA Collaboration, E BE Liss, TM TI Searching for double beta decay with the Enriched Xenon Observatory SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE double beta decay; neutrino mass; EXO AB The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) Collaboration is building a series of experiments to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136. The first experiment, known as EXO-200, will utilize 200 kg of xenon enriched to 80% in the isotope of interest, making it the largest double beta decay experiment to date by one order of magnitude. This experiment is rapidly being constructed, and will begin data taking in 2007. The EXO collaboration is also developing a technique to identify on an event-by-event basis the daughter barium ion of the double beta decay. If successful, this method would eliminate all conventional radioactive backgrounds to the decay, resulting in an ideal experiment. We summarize here the current status of EXO-200 construction and the barium tag R&D program. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hall, C (reprint author), SLAC, MS 96,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 532 EP 535 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100104 ER PT S AU Jaffe, DE AF Jaffe, David E. CA Daya Bay Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI The last unknown neutrino mixing angle theta(13) and the Daya Bay Experiment SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE anti-neutrino neutrino mixing oscillation disappearance ID OSCILLATIONS; SEARCH; FLUX AB The neutrino mixing angle theta(13) is currently known to be small but had not been determined. The value of theta(13) is vital to resolving the neutrino mass heirarchy as well as future investigation of CP violation in the lepton sector. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is designed to reach a sensitivity of 0.01 or better in sin(2) 2 theta(13) via an electron antineutrino disappearance signature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jaffe, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100110 ER PT S AU Milov, A AF Milov, A. CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Hadron Blind Detector for the PHENIX-experiment at RHIC SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE HBD; GEM; CsI photocathode; UV-photon detector; CF4 ID AU COLLISIONS; GEM AB The PHENIX collaboration has designed a conceptually new Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) for electron identification in high density hadron environment. The HBD will identify low momentum electron-positron pairs to reduce the combinatorial background in the mass region below 1 GeV/c(2). The HBD shall be installed in PHENIX during the 2007 physics run. The HBD is a windowless proximity focusing Cherenkov detector with a radiator length of 50 cm, CsI photocathode and three layers of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) for gas amplification. Pure CF4 serves both as a radiator and as a detector gas. The radiation budget of the device is less than 3% of a radiation length. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Milov, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100123 ER PT S AU Horn, T AF Horn, T. CA Jefferson Lab FPi-2 collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Precision measurement of the charged pion form factor SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc ID EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; QCD AB Hadronic form factors are objects that contribute significantly to our understanding of the structure of matter. The simplest hadronic system is the pion, whose electromagnetic structure is given by a single form factor (F-pi). In this talk the results from the most recent F-pi at Jefferson Lab are presented. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Horn, T (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100125 ER PT S AU Bosted, PE Ent, R Gaskell, D Navasardyan, T Mkrtchyan, H Tadevosyan, V AF Bosted, P. E. Ent, R. Gaskell, D. Navasardyan, T. Mkrtchyan, H. Tadevosyan, V. CA E00-108 Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Factorization studies in SIDIS at JLab SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE facorization; duality; SIDIS ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DRELL-YAN; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PION AB Data for positive and negative pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets are found to satisfy factorization tests in the kinematic region Q(2) 2 GeV2, 02 x 045, W 2 GeV, M-x 15 GeV, and 03 z 06. C1 [Bosted, P. E.; Ent, R.; Gaskell, D.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Navasardyan, T.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Tadevosyan, V.; E00-108 Collaboration] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Bosted, PE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX The Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 636 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100129 ER PT S AU Kowalik, K AF Kowalik, Katarzyna CA STAR collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Longitudinal double spin asymmetry in inclusive jet production at STAR SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED HE-3; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DEUTERON; REGION; PROTON; TARGET AB This contribution reports on the first measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(LL) for the inclusive production of jets in polarized proton-proton collisions at VFs = 200 GeV. The data were collected with STAR at RHIC in the years 2003 and 2004, and correspond to a sampled integrated luminosity of 0.3 pb(-1) with beam polarizations up to 45%. The results on ALL cover jet transverse momenta 5 < p(T) < 17GeV/c and agree with perturbative QCD evaluations based on deep-inelastic scattering parametrizations for the gluon polarization in the proton. The results disfavor large positive gluon polarization in the polarized proton. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kowalik, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 656 EP 660 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100133 ER PT S AU Hafidi, K AF Hafidi, Kawtar CA CLAS collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Dynamics of hadronization from nuclear semi inclusive deep inelastic scattering SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE hadronization; nuclear attenuation; transverse momentum broadening AB The CLAS experiment E02-104, part of the EG2 run at Jefferson Lab, was performed to study the hadronization process using semi inclusive deep inelastic scattering off nuclei. Electron beam energy of 5 GeV and the CLAS large acceptance detector were used to study charged pion production. The high luminosity available at Jefferson Lab and the CLAS large acceptance are key factors for such measurements allowing high statistics and therefore multidimensional analyses of the data. Both the multiplicity ratio and the transverse momentum broadening for carbon, iron and lead relative to deuterium are measured. Preliminary results for positive pions are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hafidi, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 669 EP 672 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100136 ER PT S AU Peng, JC Zhu, LY Reimer, PE Awes, TC Brooks, ML Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA T Garvey, G Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaplan, DM Kaufman, SB Klinksiek, SA Koetke, DD Lee, DM Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, N McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Mueller, BA Nord, PM Papavassiliou, V Park, BK Petitt, G Sadler, ME Sondheim, WE Stankus, PW Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, DK Young, GR AF Peng, J. C. Zhu, L. Y. Reimer, P. E. Awes, T. C. Brooks, M. L. Brown, C. N. Bush, J. D. Carey, T. A. Chang, T. H. Cooper, W. E. Gagliardi, C. A. T Garvey, G. Geesaman, D. F. Hawker, E. A. He, X. C. Isenhower, L. D. Kaplan, D. M. Kaufman, S. B. Klinksiek, S. A. Koetke, D. D. Lee, D. M. Lee, W. M. Leitch, M. J. Makins, N. McGaughey, P. L. Moss, J. M. Mueller, B. A. Nord, P. M. Papavassiliou, V. Park, B. K. Petitt, G. Sadler, M. E. Sondheim, W. E. Stankus, P. W. Thompson, T. N. Towell, R. S. Tribble, R. E. Vasiliev, M. A. Webb, J. C. Willis, J. L. Wise, D. K. Young, G. R. BE Liss, TM TI Measurement of decay angular distributions of Drell-Yan events for p(-)d interaction at 800 GeV/c SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE Drell-Yan; cos2 phi angular distributions; Lam-Tung relation; Boer-Mulders function ID NEGATIVE PIONS; NUCLEON SEA; PAIRS; COLLISIONS; ASYMMETRY; TUNGSTEN AB We report preliminary results from a measurement of the angular distributions of Drell-Yan dimuons produced using an 800 GeV/c proton beam on a deuterium target. No significant cos2 phi dependence is found in these proton-induced Drell-Yan data, in contrast to the situation for pioninduced Drell-Yan. The data are compared with expectations from models which attribute the cos2 phi distribution to a QCD vacuum effect or to the presence of the transverse-momentum-dependent Boer-Mulders structure function h(1). C1 [Peng, J. C.; Zhu, L. Y.; Makins, N.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bush, J. D.; Isenhower, L. D.; Sadler, M. E.; Towell, R. S.; Willis, J. L.; Wise, D. K.] Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. [Geesaman, D. F.; Makins, N.; Mueller, B. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Brown, C. N.; Cooper, W. E.; He, X. C.; Lee, W. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [He, X. C.; Lee, W. M.; Petitt, G.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kaplan, D. M.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Peng, J. C.; Reimer, P. E.; Brooks, M. L.; Carey, T. A.; T Garvey, G.; Lee, D. M.; Leitch, M. J.; McGaughey, P. L.; Moss, J. M.; Park, B. K.; Sondheim, W. E.; Thompson, T. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klinksiek, S. A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chang, T. H.; Papavassiliou, V.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Awes, T. C.; Stankus, P. W.; Young, G. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gagliardi, C. A.; Hawker, E. A.; Tribble, R. E.; Vasiliev, M. A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Koetke, D. D.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. RP Peng, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 681 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100139 ER PT S AU Tang, AH AF Tang, A. H. CA STAR collaboration BE Liss, TM TI New challenges to hydrodynamics from azimuthal anisotropy at RHIC SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE v(1); v(2); v(4); hydrodynamics ID ELLIPTIC FLOW; COLLISIONS AB This paper presents v(4)/v(2)(2), ratio as a function of transverse momentum (p(t)), pseudorapidity (eta) and collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is found that v4/v22 is larger than Hydrodynamic calculations, the centrality and transverse dependence of this ratio can not be fully described by Hydrodynamics, and the pseudorapidity dependence is opposite to what one expects from Hydrodynamics. The p, dependence of v, is also presented. It is found that v(1) (p(t)) for vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.3 changes sign, and two possible explanations of the sign change are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tang, AH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100140 ER PT S AU Debbe, R AF Debbe, R. CA BRAHMS Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI High rapidity physics with the BRAHMS experiment SO Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE RHIC; QGP; nuclear modification factor; high rapidity ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; COLLISIONS AB We report the study of the nuclear modification factor R-AuAu. as function Of PT and pseudo-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy. We find this quantity almost independent of pseudo-rapidity. We use the (p) over bar/pi(-) ratio as a probe of the parton density and the degree of thermalization of the medium formed by the collision. The (p) over bar/pi(-) ratio has a clear rapidity dependence. The combination of these two measurements suggests that the pseudo-rapidity dependence of the R-AuAu results from the competing effects of energy loss in a dense and opaque medium and the modifications of the wave function of the high energy beams in the initial state. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debbe, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100145 ER PT S AU Stankus, P AF Stankus, Paul CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Liss, TM TI Investigating jet-medium interactions with two-particle correlations in PHENIX SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2006 CL Rio Grande, PR SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ferml Natl Acad Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Res Assoc DE QCD; quark-gluon plasma; jet quenching; hadron correlations AB The discovery of "jet quenching" at RHIC - that is, suppression of high-p(T) single hadrons produced in heavy-ion collisions - provided dramatic evidence that hard-scattered partons interact strongly with the medium created in those collisions. Parton-medium interactions are of fundamental interest in QCD, but their exact nature, including the reaction of the medium, remains unclear. The next step in their investigation is the measurement of correlated hadron pairs, which has already provided a number of important clues. Early and recent results from the PHENIX experiment's high-p(T) pair program are discussed, including correlations among charged hadrons and neutral pions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stankus, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0368-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 870 BP 729 EP 732 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFQ64 UT WOS:000243874100150 ER PT S AU Hershcovitch, A Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kropachev, GN Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Litovko, IV Masunov, ES Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Polozov, SM Poole, HJ Rudskoy, I Seleznev, DN Storozhenko, PA Svarovski, AY Yushkov, GY AF Hershcovitch, A. Batalin, V. A. Bugaev, A. S. Gushenets, V. I. Johnson, B. M. Kolomiets, A. A. Kropachev, G. N. Kuibeda, R. P. Kulevoy, T. V. Litovko, I. V. Masunov, E. S. Oks, E. M. Pershin, V. I. Petrenko, S. V. Polozov, S. M. Poole, H. J. Rudskoy, I. Seleznev, D. N. Storozhenko, P. A. Svarovski, A. Ya. Yushkov, G. Yu. BE Kirkby, KJ Chivers, D Gwilliam, R Smith, A TI Ion sources for high and low energy extremes of ion implantation SO ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology CY JUN 11-16, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Adv Beam Technol, Air Prod & Chem, Appl Mat, Atmel Rousset SAS, Cascade Sci, Matheson Trigas, Linde Nippon Sanso, Nissin Ion Equipment, Plansee Met GmbH, Praxair Elect, Semequip, SEN Corp, SOITEC, ST Microelect, Varian Semicond Equipment, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Marseille Prov Metropole, Pays Daix Dev, Prov Promot, Univ Prov, Univ Paul Cezanne, TECSEN, Ville Marseille, ATMI Inc, Axcells Technologies DE ion sources for ion implantation ID ELECTRON-BEAM ENHANCEMENT AB A joint research and development effort focusing on the design of steady state, intense ion sources has been in progress for the past two and a half years. Our ultimate goal is to meet the two, energy extreme range needs of megaelectron-volt and 100's of electron-volt ion implanters. This endeavor has already resulted in record steady state output currents of higher charge state Antimony and Phosphorous ions: P2+ (8.6 pmA), P3+ (1.9 pnLA), and P4+ (0.12 pmA) and 4+ 16.2, 7.6, 3.3, and 2.2 pmA of Sb3+ Sb4+, Sb5+, and Sb6+ respectively. For low energy ion implantation our efforts involve molecular ions and a novel plasmaless/gasless deceleration method. To date, 1 emA of positive Decaborane ions were extracted at 10 keV and a somewhat smaller current of negative Decaborane ions were also extracted. Initial results also indicate that a Boron fraction of over 70% was extracted from a Bemas-Calutron ion source. C1 [Hershcovitch, A.; Johnson, B. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Batalin, V. A.; Kolomiets, A. A.; Kropachev, G. N.; Kuibeda, R. P.; Kulevoy, T. V.; Pershin, V. I.; Petrenko, S. V.; Rudskoy, I.; Seleznev, D. N.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bugaev, A. S.; Gushenets, V. I.; Litovko, I. V.; Oks, E. M.; Yushkov, G. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk R-634055, Russia. [Masunov, E. S.; Polozov, S. M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow R-115409, Russia. [Poole, H. J.] PVI, Oxnard, CA 93031 USA. [Storozhenko, P. A.] State Res Inst Chem & Technol Organoelement, Moscow R-111123, Russia. [Svarovski, A. Ya.] AA Bochvara Scientif Res Inst Inorgan Mat, Russian Natl Res Ctr, Siberian Div, Seversk R-636070, Russia. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015; OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058; Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686 FU BNL; HCEI with ITEP under IPP; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX One of the authors (A.H) is grateful to V. Benveniste, K. Saadatmand, B. Vanderberg, M. Graf, J. Poate W. DiVeriglio, R. Rathmell, and A. Perel for many stimulating and very useful discussions. Work is supported by research contracts between BNL and HCEI with ITEP under the IPP Trust-2 program and by the U.S. Department of Energy.; Notice: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the US Department of Energy. The Untied States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0365-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 866 BP 369 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BFP55 UT WOS:000243632800086 ER PT S AU Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F AF Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI Double photoionization of He and H-2 SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE double photoionization; molecule ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; PHOTODOUBLE IONIZATION; ELECTRON-ENERGY; HELIUM; D-2 AB Photoionization cross sections for both atomic helium and molecular hydrogen have recently been calculated using a time-dependent close-coupling method [1]. The total electronic wavefunction for the two electron system is expanded in six dimensions, where four dimensions are represented on a radial and angular lattice and a coupled channels expansion is used to represent the other two dimensions. The double photoionization cross sections obtained for both He and H-2 for a range of photon energies above the complete fragmentation threshold were compared with absolute experimental measurements. Very good agreement is found with experiment. Our method is also capable of being extended to calculations of single and triple differential cross sections of H-2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100009 ER PT S AU Bozek, JD Rude, BS Kilcoyne, ALD AF Bozek, JD Rude, BS Kilcoyne, ALD BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI Photoionization of xenon clusters SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE photoelectron spectroscopy; clusters; photoionization; xenon; partial cross sections ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; DIATOMIC MOLECULAR-IONS; RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; 6 ELECTRONIC STATES; SPECTRA AB High resolution, photoelectron spectra of xenon clusters of about 100 atoms, measured with photon energies of 20 to 60 eV are reported. Peaks due to the clusters are observed at lower binding energies than the corresponding atomic lines and exhibit different behaviors. The peak associated with the Xe 5p(1/2) state at higher binding energy is relatively unchanged with photon energy whereas the Xe 5p(3/2) peak changes its shape with increasing photon energy. The change is attributed to differences in the escape depth of the electrons at different kinetic energies and the bulk and surface components of the cluster. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdbozek@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 54 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100010 ER PT S AU McCurdy, CW Horner, DA Rescigno, TN AF McCurdy, CW Horner, DA Rescigno, TN BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI Calculation of excitation-autoionization of helium with three active electrons: Sharp resonance features in the SDCS SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE electron-impact ionization ID EJECTED ELECTRONS; IMPACT; IONIZATION; STATES AB A clear signature in the form of sharp features in the singly differential cross section for the (e,2e) process due to excitation of autoionizing states of helium is demonstrated in calculations in the S-wave limit. All three active electrons are treated on the same footing in calculations using the exterior complex scaling (ECS) method that applies the correct outgoing boundary conditions for all the breakup channels in the problem. At the energies treated here, within a few eV of the threshold for the excitation-autoionization process, the effects of post-collision interactions are clearly demonstrated. It is suggested that such behavior should be seen generally in (e,2e) experiments on atoms that measure the single differential cross section. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Dept Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cwmccurdy@lbl.gov FU University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the auspices of the U. S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the auspices of the U. S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231and was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100015 ER PT S AU Gay, TJ Bozek, JD Furst, JE Gallup, GA Green, AS Kilcoyne, ALD Machacek, JR Maseberg, JW McLaughlin, KW Rosenberry, MA AF Gay, TJ Bozek, JD Furst, JE Gallup, GA Green, AS Kilcoyne, ALD Machacek, JR Maseberg, JW McLaughlin, KW Rosenberry, MA BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI Angular momentum partitioning in the dissociation of diatomic molecules SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE angular momentum; spin polarization; circular polarization; molecular dissociation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; POLARIZATION; EXCITATION; H-2 AB We discuss recent experiments that study the transfer of angular momentum from a projectile to the residual target in collisions between the simple diatomic molecules H-2 and N-2 and spin-polarized electrons or circularly-polarized photons. We observe the fluorescence of both the atomic fragments and excited molecular states, and measure the circular polarization fraction of this light, P-3. The incident electron energies range from 10 to 100 eV; the incident photon energies from 33 to 38 eV. C1 Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Newcastle Ourimbah, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia. Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Loras Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tgay1@unl.edu; jdbozek@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; FU U.S. Department of Energy through use of the ALS; US National Science Foundation [PHY0354946, PHY-0321055]; One of us (JEF); University of Newcastle Outside Studies Program FX We would like to thank Kevin Dooley, Orhan Yenen, and Duane Jaecks for useful conversations and contributions to the photodissociation data reported here. This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through use of the ALS, and the US National Science Foundation Grants PHY0354946 (TJG), and PHY-0321055 (KWM). One of us (JEF) wishes to acknowledge support from the University of Newcastle Outside Studies Program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 108 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100019 ER PT S AU Bilodeau, RC Bozek, JD Ackerman, GD Gibson, ND Walter, CW Aguilar, A Turri, G Dumitriu, I Berrah, N AF Bilodeau, RC Bozek, JD Ackerman, GD Gibson, ND Walter, CW Aguilar, A Turri, G Dumitriu, I Berrah, N BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI Multi-Auger decay in negative ion photodetachment SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE negative ions; Auger; double Auger; inner-shell; core; triply excited; hollow ion; Feshbach resonance; photodetachment; photoionization ID P-4 STATE; HE; THRESHOLD; COLLISIONS; IONIZATION; RESONANCES; ENERGIES; REGION; LI AB Inner-shell photoexcitation and detachment experiments on He- and S- ions are discussed. In both systems, negative ion Feshbach resonances produced by excitation into the partially filled valence p orbital are observed to decay via many-electron processes, such as multi-Auger decay. Absolute cross sections, near-threshold behavior, and relative product channel strengths (branching ratios) are also discussed. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM rcbilodeau@lbl.gov; jdbozek@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 FU DoE; Office of Science, BES, Chemical, Geoscience and Biological Divisions; Scientific User Facilities Division; National Science Foundation [0140233] FX We thank B.S. Rude for his assistance during the experiments. This work was supported by DoE, Office of Science, BES, Chemical, Geoscience and Biological Divisions. The ALS is funded by DoE, Scientific User Facilities Division. This material is based in parton work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0140233. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 120 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100021 ER PT S AU Martin, F Horner, DA Vanroose, W Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW AF Martin, F Horner, DA Vanroose, W Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW BE LahmamBennani, A Lohmann, B TI First principles calculations of the double photoionization of atoms and molecules using B-splines and Exterior Complex Scaling SO IONIZATION, CORRELATION, AND POLARIZATION IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photoionization, and Related Topics/13th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 28-30, 2005 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP CNICT, Agcy Nacl Promoc Cient & Tecnol, Omst Astronomia & Fis Espacio, Univ Buenos Aires, Centro Latino Amer Fis, Univ Paris Sud XI, Griffith Univ DE double photoionization; B-splines; exterior complex scaling ID H-2 AB We report a fully ab initio implementation of exterior complex scaling in B-splines to evaluate total, singly and triply differential cross sections in double photoionization problems. Results for He and H-2 double photoionization are presented and compared with experiment. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, C-9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Computerwetenschappen, Leuven, Belgium. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci & Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, C-9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM fernando.martin@uam.es; cwmccurdy@lbl.gov RI Martin, Fernando/C-3972-2014; Vanroose, Wim/J-4292-2013 OI Martin, Fernando/0000-0002-7529-925X; Vanroose, Wim/0000-0001-8349-1391 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0303-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 811 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BDW64 UT WOS:000235868100023 ER PT B AU Zaluzec, NJ AF Zaluzec, Nestor J. BE GanChee, L TungChih, H WongWai, K Trigg, A TI The scanning confocal electron microscope: A new tool for defect studies in semiconductor devices SO IPFA 2006: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on the Physical & Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Reliabil/CPMT/ED Singapore Chapter, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Reliabil Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr IC Failure Anal & Reliabil C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zaluzec, NJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Sci Mat, Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0205-0 PY 2006 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BEX01 UT WOS:000239918400008 ER PT B AU Powell, MW Crockett, T Fox, JM Joswig, JC Norris, JS Rabe, KJ AF Powell, Mark W. Crockett, Thomas Fox, Jason M. Joswig, Joseph C. Norris, Jeffrey S. Rabe, Kenneth J. BE Zhang, D Khoshgoftaar, TM Joshi, BD TI Targeting and localization for Mars Rover operations SO IRI 2006: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Intergration (IRI 2006) CY SEP 16-18, 2006 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE AB In this work we discuss how the quality of localization knowledge impacts the remote operation of rovers on the surface of Mars. We look at the techniques of localization estimation used in the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover missions. We discuss the virtues and shortcomings of existing approaches and new improvements in the latest operations tools used to support the Mars Exploration Rover missions and rover technology development tasks at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We conclude with future directions we plan to explore in improving the localization knowledge available for operations and more effective targeting of rovers and their instrument payloads. C1 [Powell, Mark W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 262-4, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Crockett, Thomas; Fox, Jason M.; Joswig, Joseph C.; Norris, Jeffrey S.; Rabe, Kenneth J.] State Univ Fdn, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Powell, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 262-4, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Mark.W.Powell@jpl.nasa.gov FU Mars Technology Program; JPL Research and Technology Development Program; Mars Exploration Rover and the Mars Science Laboratory FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and funded by the Mars Technology Program, the JPL Research and Technology Development Program, the Mars Exploration Rover project and the Mars Science Laboratory project. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9788-6 PY 2006 BP 23 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFI82 UT WOS:000242108800005 ER PT J AU McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Clipson, NJW Forristal, PD Doyle, EM AF McEniry, J. O'Kiely, P. Clipson, N. J. W. Forristal, P. D. Doyle, E. M. TI The microbiological and chemical composition of baled and precision-chop silages on a sample of farms in County Meath SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE baled; grass silage; precision-chop ID GRASS-SILAGE; CLOSTRIDIUM-TYROBUTYRICUM; FERMENTATION; HERBAGE AB Baled and precision-chop silages were examined on a sample of farms in the Irish midlands to determine microbiological and chemical composition at feedout. Silage making practices and chemical composition were similar to those in national surveys. Wilting was an integral part of baled silage production and was reflected in a more restricted fermentation (higher pH and water-soluble carbohydrates, with lower fermentation acids and buffering capacity) compared to precision-chop silage. Yeast numbers were higher in baled silage, suggesting a more aerobic environment within the bale. Although the fermentation appeared similar in the outer and inner horizons of baled silage, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteria numbers were higher in the outer horizon suggesting less exacting anaerobiosis adjacent to the surface of the bale. C1 TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. RP McEniry, J (reprint author), TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM joseph.mceniry@teagasc.ie NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 163PP UT WOS:000246172400007 ER PT J AU Stacey, P O'Kiely, P Hackett, R Rice, B O'Mara, FP AF Stacey, P. O'Kiely, P. Hackett, R. Rice, B. O'Mara, F. P. TI Changes in yield and composition of barley, wheat and triticale grains harvested during advancing stages of ripening SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cereal grain; ensilability; nutritive value; ripening ID PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY; FIBROUS FEEDS; GROWTH; DETERGENTS; HERBAGE; PROTEIN; KERNELS; STARCH; LIGNIN; FIBER AB This study involved an evaluation of the changes in grain yield, nutritive value, ensilability and harvesting losses of intensively managed winter cereals harvested during the advancing stages of ripening. Five cereal crops (barley cv. Regina and wheat cv. Madrigal in 2001; barley cv. Regina, wheat cv. Falstaff and triticale cv. Fidelio in 2002) were assessed. Twenty plots per crop were arranged in a randomised complete block design, with five times of harvest (four for barley in 2002) and four replicate blocks per harvest. Dry matter (DM) yields changed relatively little between harvest dates, but fresh yields declined (P < 0.001) over time due to the moisture loss associated with ripening. Time-course changes in indices of nutritive value, such as concentrations of crude protein, starch and ash, and organic matter digestibility, were relatively small and did not follow a consistent pattern. Ensilability indices, such as DM and watersoluble carbohydrate concentrations and buffering capacity, indicated that satisfactory fermentations were likely if such crops were ensiled; buffering capacity, generally declining with advancing maturity. Harvesting losses were not clearly related to growth stage at harvest. It is concluded that winter cereal grain (barley, wheat and triticale) DM yields and quality were relatively constant as ripening progressed from DM concentrations of around 550 to >800 g/kg. C1 Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Food Sci & Vet Med, UCD Sch Agr, Dublin, Ireland. Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Kiely, P (reprint author), Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM padraig.okiely@teagasc.ie NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 208IY UT WOS:000249314200008 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TF Connery, J AF Kennedy, T. F. Connery, J. TI An evaluation of seed-pellet insecticides in a precision drilled crop of sugar beet SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insecticide seed treatments; onychiurid; sugar beet AB The control of soil pests of sugar beet by means of seed-pellet insecticides was investigated on each of two farms in Co. Wexford from 2000 to 2002. The farms on which trials were conducted differed each season. A number of seed-pellet insecticides were compared with the standard methiocarb seed treatment, methiocarb supplemented with the in-furrow applied granule insecticide carbofuran-isofenphos and with an untreated control. Imidacloprid, Montur and thiamethoxam significantly reduced onychiurid numbers around seedlings compared with the untreated control and significantly reduced pest damage to seedlings compared with the standard methiocarb treatment. Imidacloprid gave best control of pest biting of seedlings and was as effective as the in-furrow incorporated granule insecticide in preventing pest damage and plant mortality at sites having moderate onychiurid infestations. Montur, while less effective than imidacloprid in controlling pest bites on seedling roots, gave consistently good plant establishment. Thiamethoxam was less effective than imidacloprid in some trials at reducing plant damage and mortality. The retardation of seedling growth and establishment recorded for insecticide proparnocarb combinations relative to insecticide-hymexazol combinations in some field and glasshouse trials could be overcome by replacing propamocarb with hymexazol. C1 Oak Pk Inst Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Kennedy, TF (reprint author), Oak Pk Inst Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM tom.kennedy@teagasc.ie NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 208IY UT WOS:000249314200009 ER PT B AU Ding, X Nikolopoulos, DS Jiang, S Zhang, X AF Ding, Xiaoning Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S. Jiang, Song Zhang, Xiaodong GP IEEE Comp Soc TI MESA: Reducing cache conflicts by integrating static and run-time methods SO ISPASS 2006: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE SE IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software-ISPASS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS 2006) CY MAR 19-21, 2006 CL Austin, TX ID INDEXED CACHES AB The paper proposes MESA (Multicoloring with Embedded Skewed Associativity), a novel cache indexing scheme that integrates dynamic page coloring with static skewed associativity to reduce conflicts in L2/L3 caches with a small degree of associativity. MESA associates multiple cache pages (colors) with each virtual memory page and uses two-level skewed associativity, first to map a page to a different color in each bank of the cache, and then to disperse the lines of a page across the banks and within the colors of the page. MESA is a multi-grained cache indexing scheme that combines the best of two worlds. page coloring and skewed associativity We also propose a novel cache management scheme based on page remapping, which uses cache miss imbalance between colors in each bank as the metric to track conflicts and trigger remapping. We evaluate MESA using 24 benchmarks from multiple application domains and with various degrees of sensitivity to conflict misses, on both an in-order issue processor (using complete system simulation) and an out-of-order issue processor (using SimpleScalar). MESA outperforms skewed associativity prime modulo hashing, and dynamic page coloring schemes proposed earlier Compared to a 4-way associative cache, MESA can provide as much as 76% improvement in IPC. C1 [Ding, Xiaoning; Zhang, Xiaodong] Ohio State Univ, CSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S.] Coll William & Mary, CS Dept, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Jiang, Song] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div CCS 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ding, X (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, CSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dinaxn@cse.ohio-state.edu; dsn@cs.wim.edu; sjiang@lanl.gov; zhang@cse.ohio-state.edu RI Ding, Xiaoning/C-9933-2014 OI Ding, Xiaoning/0000-0002-9947-0437 FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0346867, ACI-0312980, CNS-0521381, CNS-0098055, CNS-0405909, CNS-0509054/0509061]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER2568]; College of William and Mary; Los Alamos National Laboratory under grant LDRD ER [20040480ER] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants CCF-0346867, ACI-0312980, CNS-0521381, CNS-0098055, CNS-0405909, and CNS-0509054/0509061) the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-05ER2568), and an equipment grant from the College of William and Mary. The work with the third author is supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory under grant LDRD ER 20040480ER. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 1-4244-0186-0 J9 INT SYM PERFORM ANAL PY 2006 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BEH37 UT WOS:000237250900020 ER PT J AU Mahurin, SM Bao, LL Dai, S AF Mahurin, Shannon M. Bao, Lili Dai, Sheng TI Controlled layer-by-layer formation of ultrathin oxide films on silver island films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITU REAL-TIME; CATALYTIC MECHANISMS; MASS SPECTROSCOPIES; URANYL ADSORPTION; ROUGH SURFACES; DEPOSITION; TIO2; MONOLAYERS; SPECTRA; COPPER AB Methods for the controlled deposition of ultrathin metal oxide layers onto silver island films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements are reported. Two related deposition techniques are explored for thin film growth: a surface sol-gel method and atomic layer deposition. Both methods exhibit excellent control of the deposited film thickness to atomic level precision while conformally coating the complex structures found in silver island films. Coating of metal oxide films onto silver substrates provides a method for monitoring the distance dependence of SERS enhancements and offers a platform for exploring adsorption and interaction of analytes on dielectric surfaces. Analysis of the distance dependence of the Raman signal with increasing film thickness yields estimated silver particle sizes that are in agreement with microscopy, which is consistent with the layer-by-layer growth mechanism of uniform metal oxide films on the silver substrate. These methods can be easily extended to grow a variety of laminar or mixed metal oxide films for the exploration of interfacial phenomena. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1560/KL34-5H4V-3770-8216 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 149SJ UT WOS:000245166600011 ER PT B AU Jenkins, MW Tangyunyong, P Cole, EI Soden, JM Walraven, JA Pimentel, AA AF Jenkins, Mark W. Tangyunyong, Paiboon Cole, Edward I., Jr. Soden, Jerry M. Walraven, Jeremy A. Pimentel, Alejandro A. GP ASM International TI Floating Substrate Passive Voltage Contrast (FSPVC) SO ISTFA 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis CY NOV 12-16, 2006 CL Austin, TX SP Elect Device Failure Anal Soc, ASM Int AB Light emission [1,2] and passive voltage contrast (PVC) [3,4] arc common failure analysis tools that can quickly identify and localize gate oxide short sites. In the past, PVC was not used on electrically floating substrates or SOI (silicon-on-insulator) devices due to the conductive path needed to "bleed off" charge. In PVC, the SEM's primary beam induces different equilibrium potentials on floating versus grounded (0 V) conductors, thus generating different secondary electron emission intensities for fault localization. Recently we obtained PVC signals on bulk silicon floating substrates and SOI devices. In this paper, we present details on identifying. and validating gate shorts utilizing this Floating Substrate PVC (FSPVC) method. C1 [Jenkins, Mark W.; Tangyunyong, Paiboon; Cole, Edward I., Jr.; Soden, Jerry M.; Walraven, Jeremy A.; Pimentel, Alejandro A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jenkins, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwjenki@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-844-1 PY 2006 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BRD91 UT WOS:000282447800065 ER PT B AU Schmidt, JR Wendt, JOL Kerstein, AR AF Schmidt, John R. Wendt, Jost O. L. Kerstein, Alan R. BE Balachandar, S Prosperetti, A TI Prediction of particle laden turbulent channel flow using One-Dimensional Turbulence SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO MULTIPHASE FLOW SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Computational Approaches to Disperse Multiphase Flow CY OCT 04-07, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech HO Argonne Natl Lab ID PREFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION; FORMULATION AB This paper presents a method for integrating two-phase flow into the vector formulation of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model (ODT) without the introduction of any additional free parameters into the model. ODT is an unsteady turbulent flow simulation model implemented on a one-dimensional domain, representing flow evolution as observed along a line of sight through a 3D turbulent flow. Overturning motions representing individual eddies are implemented as instantaneous rearrangement events. Particles are simulated in a turbulent channel using one-way coupling. Numerical simulations were run with turbulent friction Reynolds numbers, Re tau, 180 and 640. Validation was achieved by comparing wall-normal profiles of particle statistics with DNS, LES, and experiments. C1 [Schmidt, John R.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Wendt, Jost O. L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kerstein, Alan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schmidt, JR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; United States Department of Energy [AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Damian Rouson for providing data files from his work and Vebjorn Nilson for providing a FORTRAN code for ODT proper which served as the starting point for the numerical portion of this work. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4976-5 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2006 VL 81 BP 433 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BEU46 UT WOS:000239537200042 ER PT S AU Theofilis, V Fedorov, AV Collis, SS AF Theofilis, V. Fedorov, A. V. Collis, S. S. BE Meier, GEA Sreenivasan, KR TI Leading-edge boundary layer flow - Prandtl's vision, current developments and future perspectives SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF BOUNDARY LAYER RESEARCH SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on One Hundred Years of Boundary Layer Research CY AUG 12-14, 2004 CL DLR, Gottingen, GERMANY SP IUTAM HO DLR DE compressible Hiemenz flow; BiGlobal linear instability analysis ID ATTACHMENT; INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB The first viscous compressible three-dimensional BiGlobal linear instability analysis of leading-edge boundary layer flow has been performed. Results have been obtained by independent application of asymptotic analysis and numerical solution of the appropriate partial -differential eigenvalue problem. It has been shown that the classification of three-dimensional linear instabilities of the related incompressible flow [13] into symmetric and antisymmetric mode expansions in the chordwise coordinate persists for compressible, subsonic flow-regime at Sufficiently large Reynolds numbers. C1 [Theofilis, V.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Fedorov, A. V.] Moscow Phys Tech Inst, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. [Collis, S. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Theofilis, V (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM vassilis@torroja.dmt.upm.es; fedorov@falt.ru; sscoll@sandia.gov RI Fedorov, Alexander/L-3381-2013; Theofilis, Vassilis/B-6207-2009 OI Fedorov, Alexander/0000-0003-1623-7240; Theofilis, Vassilis/0000-0002-7720-3434 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8655- 03-1-3059]; AFOSR FX The work of V. Theofilis was partly supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Grant No. FA8655- 03-1-3059 monitored by Dr. John D. Schmisseur (AFOSR) and Mr. Wayne Donaldson (EOARD). Additional partial support was provided by a Ramon y Cajal research fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-0042 BN 1-4020-4149-7 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2006 VL 129 BP 73 EP + PG 2 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BEX68 UT WOS:000240025700007 ER PT S AU Qu, S Huang, Y Liu, C Hwang, KC AF Qu, S. Huang, Y. Liu, C. Hwang, K. C. BE Sun, QP Tong, P TI Interface fracture: A study based on the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON SIZE EFFECTS ON MATERIAL AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR AT MICRON- AND NANO-SCALES SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Size Effects on Material and Structural Behavior at Micron- and Nano-Scales CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2004 CL Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Res Grant Council Hong Kong SAR, US Natl Sci Fdn, Kluwer Acad Publishers, Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech HO Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol ID POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MODEL; DEFORMATION; FLOW; BICRYSTALS; THRESHOLD; CLEAVAGE; HARDNESS; ENERGY AB Cleavage cracking along a bimaterial interface between Nb and sapphire was observed by Elssner et al. (1994) and Kom et al. (2002). The stress required for cleavage cracking is around the theoretical strength of the material. Classical plasticity models fall short to reach such a high stress level. We use the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (Huang et al., 2004), which has been established from the Taylor dislocation model, to investigate the stress level around the tip of an interface crack between Nb and sapphire. It is shown that the stress level significantly increases due to the strain gradient effect. At a distance of 0.1 mu m ahead of the interface crack tip, the tensile stress is high enough to trigger cleavage cracking. C1 [Qu, S.; Huang, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hwang, K. C.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mech Engn, FML, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Qu, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Qu, Shaoxing/C-2318-2008; HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 FU NSF [CMS-0084980]; ONR [N00014-01-1-0205]; US department of Energy through the University of California [B523819]; Ministry of Education of China [20020003023]; [0306] FX Y.H. acknowledges the support from NSF (grant # CMS-0084980), ONR (grant # N00014-01-1-0205, program officer Dr. Y.D.S. Rajapakse), and ASCI Center for Simulation of Advanced Rockets at the University of Illinois supported by US department of Energy through the University of California under subcontract B523819. K.C.H.acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education of China (#20020003023 and Key grant project #0306). The support from NSFC is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-0042 BN 1-4020-4945-5 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2006 VL 142 BP 67 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4946-0_7 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BFE26 UT WOS:000241440600007 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Speakman, SA Rawn, CJ Zhang, Y AF Pint, BA Speakman, SA Rawn, CJ Zhang, Y TI Deformation and phase transformations during the cyclic oxidation of Ni-Al and Ni-Pt-Al SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS ID MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; BOND-COAT; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; RUMPLING MECHANISM; DIFFUSION COATINGS; PLATINUM; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB The reversible high-temperature gamma' to beta phase transformation may be critical to explaining the unusual high-temperature oxidation behavior of (Ni, Pt)Al alloys and coatings. During high-temperature, high-frequency (1 h) cyclic oxidation in dry, flowing O-2, unprecedented was dented macroscopic de observed in two-phase (gamma'+beta) cast specimens of Hf-doped Ni-Al at 1,150 degrees C and Hf-doped Ni-Pt-Al at 1,100 degrees and 1,150 degrees C. Outside of this two-phase field or when the cycle frequency was decreased to 100 h, no deformation was observed. Using high-temperature x-ray diffraction in an inert environment, the beta-to-gamma' phase ratio was observed to increase above 1000 degrees C, causing a 2.5% volume change. The addition of platinum appeared to lower the transformation temperature consistent with the deformation observed in cast alloys and rumpling of simple and platinum-modified aluminide coatings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0068-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 002QL UT WOS:000234626200008 ER PT J AU Adolf, DB Chambers, RS Stavig, ME Kawaguchi, ST AF Adolf, DB Chambers, RS Stavig, ME Kawaguchi, ST TI Critical tractions for initiating adhesion failure at interfaces in encapsulated components SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE adhesion; epoxy; failure; initiation; test ID THERMODYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT; GLASSY-POLYMERS; STRENGTH; MODEL; NUCLEATION AB Determining the initiation of adhesive failure at a surface buried deep within the bulk of an epoxy is qualitatively different from measuring the propagation of an existing surface crack. Most current tests are shown to be unsuitable for assessing the critical traction at initiation. A new test geometry is presented that initiates failure away from an air interface, produces a slowly varying stress distribution near the initiation site and minimal contributions from thermal residual stresses, and enables tests with mixed modes of loading. This new geometry is used to examine temperature-dependent adhesive failure in tensile, shear, and mixed modes of loading for both smooth and rough surfaces. Some of the experimental results are unexpected. As examples, the critical traction at initiation of adhesive failure is apparently insensitive to surface roughness, and the critical normal traction is independent of temperature while the critical tangential traction tracks the shear yield stress. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adolf, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbadolf@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1 BP 63 EP 92 DI 10.1080/00218460500418607 PG 30 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 997NL UT WOS:000234252300004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, J Dundas, SH Liu, CY Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Gonzalez, Jhanis Dundas, Siv H. Liu, Chun Yi Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. TI UV-femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation-ICP-MS: internal and external repeatability SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED-PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 266 NM; ND-YAG; GLASS; STANDARDS AB The internal (precision within an ablation spot) and external repeatability (precision between ablation spots on the sample) were evaluated during repetitive 266 nm femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Femtosecond laser ablation sampling into the ICP-MS improved the precision by reducing systematic errors related to the particle size distribution and resultant spikes on the signal intensity. The data are reported in terms of measured concentrations for several elements in silica glass reference materials NIST 610-612. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.1039/b603492f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 067OY UT WOS:000239313700009 ER PT J AU Brown, CF Dresel, PE Geiszler, KN Farmer, OT AF Brown, Christopher F. Dresel, P. Evan Geiszler, Keith N. Farmer, Orville T. TI Precise ruthenium fission product isotopic analysis using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 09-14, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ ID PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; TC-99; SAMPLES; FIELD; RADIONUCLIDES; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB (99)Tc is a contaminant of interest at numerous nuclear facilities because it is quite mobile in subsurface environments and is a key contributor to long-term risk. However, as a mono-isotopic fission product, (99)Tc is limited in its use as a signature to differentiate between different waste disposal pathways that could have contributed to sub-surface contamination at these facilities. Ruthenium fission-product isotopes are attractive analogues for the characterization of (99)Tc sources because of their direct similarity to technetium with regard to subsurface mobility, their large fission yields, and low natural background concentrations. We developed an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method capable of measuring ruthenium isotopes in groundwater samples and water extracts of vadose zone sediments. Samples were analyzed directly on a PerkinElmer ELAN DRC II ICP-MS after a single pass through a 1-ml bed volume of Dowex AG 50W-X8 100-200 mesh hydronium-based cation exchange resin. Precise ruthenium isotopic ratio measurements were achieved using a low-flow Meinhard-type nebulizer and long sample acquisition times (150 000 ms). Relative standard deviations of triplicate replicates were maintained at less than 0.5% when the total ruthenium solution concentration was 0.1 ng ml(-1) or higher. Further work was performed to minimize the impact caused by mass interferences using the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with O(2) as the reaction gas. Aqueous concentrations of (96)Mo and (96)Zr, two potential interferents to the analysis of total ruthenium concentration, were reduced by more than 99.7% in the reaction cell prior to injection of the sample into the mass analyzer quadrupole. The DRC was used in combination with mass correction to quantitatively analyze samples containing up to two orders of magnitude more zirconium and molybdenum than ruthenium. The analytical approach documented herein provides an efficient and cost-effective way to precisely measure ruthenium isotopes and quantitate total ruthenium (natural versus fission-product) in aqueous matrixes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.brown@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1039/b603012b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 078DT UT WOS:000240082600015 ER PT J AU Muehleman, C Li, J Zhong, Z Brankov, JG Wernick, MN AF Muehleman, C Li, J Zhong, Z Brankov, JG Wernick, MN TI Multiple-image radiography for human soft tissue SO JOURNAL OF ANATOMY LA English DT Article DE diffraction enhanced imaging; multiple image radiography; soft-tissue radiography ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE AB Conventional radiography only provides a measure of the X-ray attenuation caused by an object; thus, it is insensitive to other inherent informative effects, such as refraction. Furthermore, conventional radiographs are degraded by X-ray scatter that can obscure important details of the object being imaged. The novel X-ray technology diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) has recently allowed the visualization of nearly scatter-free images displaying both attenuation and refraction properties. A new method termed multiple-image radiography (MIR) is a significant improvement over DEI, corrects errors in DEI, is more robust to noise and produces an additional image that is entirely new to medical imaging. This new image, which portrays ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) conveys the presence of microstructure in the object, thus differentiating homogeneous tissues from tissues that are irregular on a scale of micrometres. The aim of this study was to examine the use of MIR for evaluation of soft tissue, and in particular to conduct a preliminary investigation of the USAXS image, which has not previously been used in tissue imaging. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. IIT, Med Imaging Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Elect Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Muehleman, C (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Carol_Muehleman@rush.edu RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Wernick, Miles/J-8394-2013 OI Wernick, Miles/0000-0001-6736-478X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA111976, R01 CA111976]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR048292, R01 AR48292] NR 9 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8782 J9 J ANAT JI J. Anat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 208 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00502.x PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 002YW UT WOS:000234649300012 PM 16420384 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE Tinkle, MD AF Barlow, SE Tinkle, MD TI The ion cyclotron resonance frequency of short, single-species plasmas in Penning traps SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; THERMAL EQUILIBRIA; MASS-SPECTROMETER; MODES; CHARGE AB We present here models that allow us to calculate the effects of various linear and low-order nonlinear terms on the ExB drift frequency in a cylindrical Penning trap mass spectrometer. These effects translate directly to shifts in the observed ion cyclotron resonance frequency. We show that nonlinearities in the external electrostatic potential interact with the space charge to affect the observations. Similarly, image charge effects are readily incorporated. The model is then used to describe experimental observations and found to largely account for our observations. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dynam Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999 K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM se.barlow@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 AR 013306 DI 10.1063/1.2158504 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JH UT WOS:000234607200009 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Li, Q Welch, DO Suenaga, M AF Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Li, Q Welch, DO Suenaga, M TI Three- and four-mu m-thick YBa2Cu3O7 layers with high critical-current densities on flexible metallic substrates by the BaF2 process SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EX-SITU PROCESS; POSTDEPOSITION REACTION PROCESS; YBCO FILMS; PRECURSOR FILMS; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; MECHANISMS; PRESSURES AB We report on the synthesis and performance of 3- and 4-mu m-thick YBa2Cu3O7 films on buffered metallic tapes. The precursor films were deposited by vacuum coevaporation of BaF2, Y, and Cu on the substrates and converted to YBa2Cu3O7 by the BaF2 ex situ process at reduced processing gas pressures. The best value of critical-current density J(c) for these films was similar to 3.8x10(3) A/mm(2) at 77 K and in 1 T external magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane. Also, estimated critical-current densities per width of tape J(cw) at zero magnetic field were similar to 60 and similar to 80 A/mm for 3- and 4-mu m-thick films, respectively. In order to achieve these high-J(c) values, the films were processed at high growth rates (similar to 0.7 nm/s) and the oxygen partial pressure p(O-2) was varied to minimize the growth of the "granular" c axis and randomly oriented YBa2Cu3O7 grains. A simple thermodynamic argument is also given to describe the observed dependence of the nucleation of YBa2Cu3O7 with different orientations on p(O-2). This result demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating coated conductors with a single YBa2Cu3O7 layer having the critical current of the order of 100 A/mm at self-field and liquid-N-2 temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, 76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM solov@bnl.gov RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 AR 013902 DI 10.1063/1.2150590 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JH UT WOS:000234607200039 ER PT J AU Westmeyer, AN Mahajan, S Bajaj, KK Lin, JY Jiang, HX Koleske, DD Senger, RT AF Westmeyer, AN Mahajan, S Bajaj, KK Lin, JY Jiang, HX Koleske, DD Senger, RT TI Determination of energy-band offsets between GaN and AlN using excitonic luminescence transition in AlGaN alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; LINEWIDTHS; SEMICONDUCTORS; PARAMETERS AB We report the determination of the energy-band offsets between GaN and AlN using the linewidth (full width at half maximum) of an extremely sharp excitonic luminescence transition in AlxGa1-xN alloy with x=0.18 at 10 K. Our sample was grown on C-plane sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition at 1050 degrees C. The observed value of the excitonic linewidth of 17 meV is the smallest ever reported in literature. On subtracting a typical value of the excitonic linewidth in high-quality GaN, namely, 4.0 meV, we obtain a value of 13.0 meV, which we attribute to compositional disorder. This value is considerably smaller than that calculated using a delocalized exciton model [S. M. Lee and K. K. Bajaj, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 1788 (1993)]. The excitons are known to be strongly localized by defects and/or the potential fluctuations in this alloy system. We have simulated this localization assuming that the hole, being much more massive than the electron, is completely immobile, i.e., the hole mass is treated as infinite. Assuming that the excitonic line broadening is caused entirely by the potential fluctuations experienced by the conduction electron, the value of the conduction-band offset between GaN and AlN is determined to be about 57% of the total-band-gap discontinuity. Using our model we have calculated the variation of the excitonic linewidth as a function of Al composition in our samples with higher Al content larger than 18% and have compared it with the experimental data. We also compare our value of the conduction-band offset with those recently proposed by several other groups using different techniques. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. RP Westmeyer, AN (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM phskkb@physics.emory.edu RI Senger, Tugrul/B-8207-2009; Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011 OI Senger, Tugrul/0000-0003-0800-1924; Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 AR 013705 DI 10.1063/1.2158492 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JH UT WOS:000234607200034 ER PT J AU Gomes, JP Nunes, A Bruno, WJ Borrego, MJ Florindo, C Dean, D AF Gomes, JP Nunes, A Bruno, WJ Borrego, MJ Florindo, C Dean, D TI Polymorphisms in the nine polymorphic membrane proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis across all serovars: Evidence for serovar Da recombination and correlation with tissue tropism SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEOME ANALYSIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; DIRECT REPEATS; PNEUMONIAE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; SUBSTITUTIONS; PERSISTENCE; EXPRESSION AB Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterium responsible for ocular, respiratory, and sexually transmitted diseases. The genome contains a nine-member polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) family unique to members of the order Chlamydiales. Genomic and molecular analyses were performed for the entire pmp gene family for the 18 reference serological variants (serovars) and genovariant Ja to identify specific gene and protein regions that differentiate chlamydial disease groups. The mean genetic distance among all serovars varied from 0.1% for pmpA to 7.0% for pmpF. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars were the most closely related for the pmp genes and were also the most divergent, compared to ocular and non-LGV urogenital disease groups. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed that for six of nine pmp genes (not pmpA,pmpD, or pmpE), the serovars clustered based on tissue tropism. The most globally successful serovars, E and F, clustered distantly from the urogenital group for five pmp genes. These pmp genes may confer a biologic advantage that may facilitate infection and transmission for E and F. Surprisingly, serovar Da clustered with the ocular group from pmpE to pmpI, which are located together in the chromosome, providing statistically significant evidence for intergenomic recombination and acquisition of a genetic composition that could hypothetically expand the host cell range of serovar Da. We also identified distinct domains for pmpE, pmpF, and pmpH where substitutions were concentrated and associated with a specific disease group. Thus, our data suggest a possible structural or functional role that may vary among pmp genes in promoting antigenic polymorphisms and/or diverse adhesions-receptors that may be involved in immune evasion and differential tissue tropism. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Immunobiol & Vaccine Res, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Inst Nacl Saude, Ctr Bacteriol, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Nacl Saude, Ctr Bacteriol, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Dean, D (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Immunobiol & Vaccine Res, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM ddean@chori.org OI , Maria/0000-0002-8604-8800; Gomes, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-2697-2399 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 59647, R01 AI039499, R01 AI059647, AI 39499] NR 50 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 1 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1128/JB.188.1.275-286.2006 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 009DL UT WOS:000235091400028 PM 16352844 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Scott, JA Nalla, RK Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Scott, JA Nalla, RK Ritchie, RO TI Propagation of surface fatigue cracks in human cortical bone SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cortical bone; fatigue-crack growth; small cracks; fracture; bridging ID COMPACT-BONE; MICROCRACK GROWTH; IN-VITRO; ACCUMULATION; MICRODAMAGE; FRACTURE; MECHANISMS; TISSUE; DAMAGE AB An understanding of how fatigue cracks grow in bone is of importance as fatigue is thought to be the main cause of clinical stress fractures. This study presents new results on the fatigue-crack growth behavior of small surface cracks (similar to 75-1000 mu m in size) in human cortical bone, and compares their growth rates with data from other published studies on the behavior of both surface cracks and many millimeter, through-thickness large cracks. Results are obtained with a cyclically loaded cantilever-beam geometry using optical microscopy to examine for crack growth after every 100-500 cycles. Based on the current and previous results, small fatigue cracks appear to become more resistant to fatigue-crack growth with crack extension, analogous to the way the fracture resistance of cortical bone increases with crack growth. Mechanistically, a theory attributing such behavior to the development of bridges in the wake of the crack with crack growth is presented. The existence of such bridges is directly confirmed using optical microscopy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Scott, Justin/D-5468-2014; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; Scott, Justin/N-5726-2016 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; Scott, Justin/0000-0003-0277-7625 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633] NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.01.025 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 022XA UT WOS:000236088200020 PM 15907859 ER PT J AU Jung, JW Lyczkowski, RW Panchal, CB Hassanein, A AF Jung, Jonghwun Lyczkowski, Robert W. Panchal, Chandrakant B. Hassanein, Ahmed TI Multiphase hemodynamic simulation of pulsatile flow in a coronary artery SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE multiphase; non-Newtonian; coronary artery; computational fluid dynamics; wall shear stress ID MEDIATED ENDOTHELIAL MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES; FLUID-MECHANICS; SHEAR-STRESS; CURVED TUBE; BLOOD-FLOW; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MODEL AB A multiphase transient non-Newtonian three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been performed for pulsatile hemodynamics in an idealized curved section of a human coronary artery. We present the first prediction, to the authors' knowledge, of particulate buildup on the inside curvature using the multiphase theory of dense suspension hemodynamics. In this study, the particulates are red blood cells (RBCs). The location of RBC buildup on the inside curvature correlates with lower wall shear stress (WSS) relative to the outside curvature. These predictions provide insight into how bloodborne particulates interact with artery walls and hence, have relevance for understanding atherogenesis since clinical observations show that atherosclerotic plaques generally form on the inside curvatures of arteries. The buildup of RBCs on the inside curvature is driven by the secondary flow and higher residence times. The higher viscosity in the central portion of the curved vessel tends to block their flow, causing them to migrate preferentially through the boundary layer. The reason for this is the nearly neutrally buoyant nature of the dense two-phase hemodynamic flow. The two-phase non-Newtonian viscosity model predicts greater shear thinning than the single-phase non-Newtonian model. Consequently, the secondary flow induced in the curvature is weaker. The waveforms for computed hemodynamic parameters, such as hematocrit, WSS, and viscosity, follow the prescribed inlet velocity waveforms. The lower oscillatory WSS produced on the inside curvature has implications for understanding thickening of the intimal layer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lyczkowski, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rlyczkowski@anl.gov NR 42 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2064 EP 2073 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.06.023 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 079HQ UT WOS:000240166900012 PM 16111686 ER PT J AU Kim, S Soltani-Bejnood, M Quignard-Boulange, A Massiera, F Teboul, M Ailhaud, G Kim, JH Moustaid-Moussa, N Voy, BH AF Kim, Suyeon Soltani-Bejnood, Morvarid Quignard-Boulange, Annie Massiera, Florence Teboul, Michele Ailhaud, Gerard Kim, Jung Han Moustaid-Moussa, Naima Voy, Brynn H. TI The adipose renin-angiotensin system modulates systemic markers of insulin sensitivity and activates the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID II-DEPENDENT HYPERTENSION; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEFICIENT MICE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; PROXIMAL TUBULE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MESSENGER-RNA; AT1 RECEPTOR; TISSUE AB Background. The adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to regulation of fat mass and may also impact systemic functions such as blood pressure and metabolism. Methods and results. A panel of mouse models including mice lacking angiotensinogen, Agt (Agt-KO), mice expressing Agt solely in adipose tissue (aP2-Agt/Agt-KO), and mice overexpressing Agt in adipose tissue (aP2-Agt) was studied. Total body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, and circulating levels of leptin, insulin, and resistin were significantly decreased in Agt-KO mice, while plasma adiponectin levels were increased. aP2-Agt mice exhibited increased adiposity and plasma leptin and insulin levels compared to wild type (WT) controls. Angiotensinogen and type I Ang II receptor protein levels were also elevated in kidney of aP2-Agt mice. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that alterations in adipose RAS activity significantly impact both local and systemic physiology in a way that may contribute to the detrimental health effects of obesity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutrit & Agr Expt Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. INSERM, U671, IFR58, Ctr Biomed Cordeliers, F-75270 Paris, France. Ctr Biochim, F-06108 Nice, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutrit & Agr Expt Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2006 AR 27012 DI 10.1155/JBB/2006/27012 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 113FJ UT WOS:000242583500001 ER PT J AU Lessing, PA Huestis, G AF Lessing, Paul A. Huestis, Gary TI Synthesis of nanocrystalline NASICON-type thin film ceramics SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE inorganic membrane; nano-crystalline; thin-film; NASICON; proton ID SODIUM; CONDUCTIVITY; MEMBRANES; EXCHANGE AB Experiments were conducted to fabricate nano-crystalline ceramic thin films (membranes) using polymeric resin precursors. Two different NASICON compositions were chosen for fabrication: (1) NaZr,Si,P3-,012, and (2) NaZrsSixP3-xO12 and (2) Na1+xSn2-xInxP3O12-Zirconium-containing resins could not be synthesized without precipitations; however, clear resins were successfully generated using a tin-based composition (NaSn2P3O12). The fin-based resins were spin-coated onto silicon substrates and then heated (calcined) to high temperatures using ozone as an oxidant. Optimum resin viscosity, spin coating, and calcination conditions were developed. The resulting thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Fully-oxidized, single phase, crack-free films were generated that were approximately 80-100 nanometres thick containing crystalline grains about 5-10 nanometres in diameter after calcining at temperatures of about 600 degrees C to 700 degrees C. These grain sizes did not correlate with those measured in "chunks" of resins that were calcined using the same conditions. Therefore, thin films of the Sn-NaSICON precursor coatings appear to provide physical constraints that are conducive to the formation of nano-crystals at temperatures of about 600 degrees C to 700 degrees C. Enhanced transport of the ions in the nano-crystalline grain boundaries at relatively low temperatures is predicted. The films should prove suitable for ion exchange of the sodium ions with protons where the resulting enhanced conductivity could lead to practical devices, including: hydrogen separation membranes, fuel cells, hydrogen "pumps", electrolyzers, thermoelectric generators, electrochemical reactors, and sensors. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lessing, PA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Lessing@inl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055JO UT WOS:000238446800001 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT TI Designing lutetium silicate environmental barrier coatings for silicon nitride and its recession behavior in steam jets SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EBC; water vapor corrosion; Lu2Si2O7; silicon nitride ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; CORROSION AB To protect silicon nitride ceramics from water vapor corrosion and oxidation, a new multi-layered environmental barrier coating (EBC) system was developed. The EBC system consisted of a highly dense Lu2SiO5/Lu2Si2O7 binary phase layer and slightly porous Lu2SiO5/Lu2Si2O7 layer, which were coated by a sputtering and dipping technique, respectively. A steam jet exposure test was conducted at 1300 degrees C for 500 hours with 35 m/s water vapor velocity. Each grain of the dip-coated layer was peeled off from the surface during the test. Also, the highly dense sputter coated layer converted into a porous layer after the test. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638560, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, 2266-98 Shino Shidami, Nagoya, Aichi 4638560, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055JO UT WOS:000238446800004 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, Shunkichi Ohji, Tatsuki Lin, Hua-Tay TI Comparison of hot-corrosion behavior of Al2O3, Lu2O3 and their silicates SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hot corrosion; silicates; mullite; Al2O3 ID MOLTEN-SALT CORROSION; SILICON-NITRIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; CERAMICS AB The hot-corrosion behavior of Al2O3, Lu2O3, mullite and Lu2Si2O7 phases were examined at 1500 degrees C. In the case of Lu2O3, no phase change was observed and no anisotropical corrosion occurred. In the case of the Lu2Si2O7 phase, anisotropic corrosion was observed. The Lu2Si2O7 crystal grains were well sustained to the hot-corrosion, however, the sodium element diffused though the boundary phase and anomalous grain growth occurred. On the other hand, in the case of Al2O3, the grains at the bulk surface corroded anisotropically. The corroded grain had a characteristic morphology as terrace field. In the case of mullite, the surface of the bulk was decomposed to the Al2O3 phase and the silica component was completely removed from the bulk surface. The sodium ions diffused though the sample during the corrosion test. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, 2268-1 Shimo Shidami, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 093YO UT WOS:000241206400004 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, YS Balasubramanian, K AF Prabhakar, YS Balasubramanian, K TI A simple algorithm for unique representation of chemical structures - Cyclic/acyclic functionalized achiral molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Indo-US Workshop on Mathematical Chemistry CY JAN 08-12, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA ID ATOMS; PERCEPTION; SYMMETRY; GRAPHS AB An algorithm, based on "vertex priority values" has been proposed to uniquely sequence and represent connectivity matrices of chemical structures of cyclic/acyclic functionalized achiral hydrocarbons and their derivatives. In this method, "vertex priority values" have been assigned in terms of atomic weights, subgraph lengths, loops, and heteroatom contents. Subsequently, the terminal vertices have been considered upon completing the sequencing of the core vertices. This approach provides a multilayered connectivity graph, which can be put to use in comparing two or more structures or parts thereof for any given purpose. Furthermore, the basic vertex connection tables generated here are useful in the computation of characteristic matrices/topological indices and automorphism groups and in storing, sorting, and retrieving chemical structures from databases. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cent Drug Res Inst, Med & Proc Chem Div, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@mcs.csuhayward.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1021/ci050096m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 008DU UT WOS:000235021200008 PM 16426039 ER PT J AU Thakur, M Thakur, A Balasubramanian, K AF Thakur, M Thakur, A Balasubramanian, K TI QSAR and SAR studies on the reduction of some aromatic nitro compounds by xanthine oxidase SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Indo-US Workshop on Mathematical Chemistry CY JAN 08-12, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA ID TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; VERTEX INVARIANTS; DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITORS AB This work describes QSAR and SAR studies oil the reduction of 27 aromatic nitro compounds by xanthine oxidase using both distance-based topological indices and quantum molecular descriptors along with indicator parameters. The application of a multiple linear regression analysis indicated that a combination of distance-based topological indices with the ad hoc molecular descriptors and the indicator parameters yielded a statistically significant model for the activity, log K (the reduction of arornatic nitro compounds by xanthine oxidase). The final selection of a potential aromatic nitro compound for the reduction by xanthine oxidase is made by quantum molecular modeling. We have found that, among the various parameters, the quantum Mulliken charge parameters on the fourth atom or para position relative to the nitro group correlated best with the activity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Appl Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rishiraj Inst Technol, Inst Chem, Indore, India. Softvis Inst Biotechnol & Sci, Dept Chem, Indore 452001, India. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Appl Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@csueastbay.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1021/ci050478s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 008DU UT WOS:000235021200014 PM 16426045 ER PT J AU Gascon, JA Leung, SSF Batista, ER Batista, VS AF Gascon, JA Leung, SSF Batista, ER Batista, VS TI A self-consistent space-domain decomposition method for QM/MM computations of protein electrostatic potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHOD; POLARIZABLE FORCE-FIELD; MECHANICAL/MOLECULAR MECHANICAL METHODS; SCALING SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE FORMATION; INITIO QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; FREE-ENERGY DETERMINANTS; FLUCTUATING CHARGE; SALT-BRIDGES; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION AB This paper introduces a self-consistent computational protocol for modeling protein electrostatic potentials according to static point-charge model distributions. The protocol involves a simple space-domain decomposition scheme where individual molecular domains are modeled as Quantum-Mechanical (QM) layers embedded in the otherwise classical Molecular-Mechanics (MM) protein environment. ElectroStatic-Potential (ESP) atomic charges of the constituent molecular domains are computed, to account for mutual polarization effects, and iterated until obtaining a self-consistent point-charge model of the protein electrostatic potential. The novel protocol achieves quantitative agreement with full QM calculations in the description of electrostatic potentials of small polypeptides where polarization effects are significant, showing a remarkable improvement relative to the corresponding electrostatic potentials obtained with popular MM force fields. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated in several applications, including calculations of the electrostatic potential in the potassium channel protein and the description of protein-protein electrostatic interactions. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM victor.batista@yale.edu RI Gascon, Jose /N-5702-2016 OI Gascon, Jose /0000-0002-4176-9030 NR 118 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1021/ct050218h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008OY UT WOS:000235051500021 PM 26626392 ER PT J AU Chandler, DP Alferov, O Chernov, B Daly, DS Golova, J Perov, A Protic, M Robison, R Schipma, M White, A Willse, A AF Chandler, DP Alferov, O Chernov, B Daly, DS Golova, J Perov, A Protic, M Robison, R Schipma, M White, A Willse, A TI Diagnostic oligonucleotide microarray fingerprinting of Bacillus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ANTHRACIS; THURINGIENSIS; EXPRESSION; CEREUS; ARRAYS AB A genome-independent microarray and new statistical techniques were used to genotype Bacillus strains and quantitatively compare DNA fingerprints with the known taxonomy of the genus. A synthetic DNA standard was used to understand process level variability and lead to recommended standard operating procedures for microbial forensics and clinical diagnostics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202,A-249, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dchandler@anl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.244-250.2006 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400041 PM 16390982 ER PT J AU Oliver, HJ Reiman, AH Monticello, DA AF Oliver, HJ Reiman, AH Monticello, DA TI Solving the 3D MHD equilibrium equations in toroidal geometry by Newton's method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MHD equilibrium; Newton's method; Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver; PIES ID ISLANDS AB We describe a novel form of Newton's method for computing 3D MHD equilibria. The method has been implemented as an extension to the hybrid spectral/finite-difference Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver (PIES) which normally uses Picard iteration on the full nonlinear MHD equilibrium equations. Computing the Newton functional derivative numerically is not feasible in a code of this type but we are able to do the calculation analytically in magnetic coordinates by considering the response of the plasma's Pfirsch-Schluter currents to small changes in the magnetic field. Results demonstrate a significant advantage over Picard iteration in many cases, including simple finite-beta stellarator equilibria. The method shows promise in cases that are difficult for Picard iteration, although it is sensitive to resolution and imperfections in the magnetic coordinates, and further work is required to adapt it to the presence of magnetic islands and stochastic regions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Oliver, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, NIWA, Dept Meteorol, 301 Evans Bay Parade,Greta Point,Private Bag 1490, Wellington, New Zealand. EM h.oliver@niwa.co.nz; reiman@pppl.gov; monticello@pppl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 1 BP 99 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.007 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 971MK UT WOS:000232388200007 ER PT J AU Amundson, J Spentzouris, P Qiang, J Ryne, R AF Amundson, J Spentzouris, P Qiang, J Ryne, R TI Synergia: An accelerator modeling tool with 3-D space charge SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accelerator physics; parallel computing; framework; space charge; halo AB High precision modeling of space-charge effects, together with accurate treatment of single-particle dynamics, is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. We describe Synergia, a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three-dimensional space-charge capabilities and a higher order optics implementation. We describe the computational techniques, the advanced human interface, and the parallel performance obtained using large numbers of macroparticles. We also perform code benchmarks comparing to semi-analytic results and other codes. Finally, we present initial results on particle tune spread, beam halo creation, and emittance growth in the Fermilab Booster accelerator. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, CEPA, PSM, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spentzouris, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, CEPA, PSM, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM spentz@fnal.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 1 BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.024 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 971MK UT WOS:000232388200013 ER PT J AU Colella, P Graves, DT Keen, BJ Modiano, D AF Colella, P Graves, DT Keen, BJ Modiano, D TI A Cartesian grid embedded boundary method for hyperbolic conservation laws SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; FLOW AB We present a second-order Godunov algorithm to solve time-dependent hyperbolic systems of conservation laws on irregular domains. Our approach is based on a formally consistent discretization of the conservation laws on a finite-volume grid obtained from intersecting the domain with a Cartesian grid. We address the small-cell stability problem associated with such methods by hybridizing our conservative discretization with a stable, nonconservative discretization at irregular control volumes, and redistributing the difference in the mass increments to nearby cells in a way that preserves stability and local conservation. The resulting method is second-order accurate in L-1 for smooth problems.. and is robust in the presence of large-amplitude discontinuities intersecting the irregular boundary. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Colella, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, MS 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pcolella@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 1 BP 347 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.026 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 971MK UT WOS:000232388200019 ER PT J AU Hailey, CJ Aramaki, T Craig, WW Fabris, L Gahbauer, F Koglin, JE Madden, N Mori, K Yu, HT Ziock, KP AF Hailey, CJ Aramaki, T Craig, WW Fabris, L Gahbauer, F Koglin, JE Madden, N Mori, K Yu, HT Ziock, KP TI Accelerator testing of the general antiparticle spectrometer; a novel approach to indirect dark matter detection SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays detectors; cosmic rays; dark matter detectors; dark matter ID STOPPED KAONS; GAMMA-RAYS; ANTIMATTER; SUPERSYMMETRY; SPACE AB We report on recent accelerator testing of a prototype general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS). GAPS uses a novel approach for indirect dark matter searches that exploits the antideuterons produced in neutralino neutralino annihilations. GAPS captures these antideuterons into a target with the subsequent formation of exotic atoms. These exotic atoms decay with the emission of x-rays of precisely defined energy and a correlated pion signature from nuclear annihilation. This signature uniquely characterizes the antideuterons. Preliminary analysis of data from a prototype GAPS in an antiproton beam at the KEK accelerator in Japan has confirmed the multiple x-ray/pion star topology and indicated x-ray yields consistent with prior expectations. Moreover, our success in utilizing solid rather than gas targets represents a significant simplification over our original approach and offers potential gains in sensitivity through reduced dead mass in the target area. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Latvian State Univ, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM chuckh@astro.columbia.edu; ta2159@columbia.edu; craig1@llnl.gov; fabris1@llnl.gov; florian.gahbauer@gmail.com; koglin@astro.columbia.edu; madden8@llnl.gov; kaya@cita.utoronto.ca; htyu@astro.columbia.edu; ziockk@ornl.gov RI Gahbauer, Florian/J-9542-2014; Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Gahbauer, Florian/0000-0002-7126-2513; Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 007 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/01/007 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 008MR UT WOS:000235045400020 ER PT J AU Linton, ET Atkins, RW Badran, HM Blaylock, G Boyle, PJ Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Chow, YCK Cogan, P Daniel, MK Dowdall, C Falcone, AD Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Guiterrez, KJ Hall, J Hanna, D Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Humensky, TB Jung, I Kenny, GE Kertzman, M Kieda, DB Kildea, J Knapp, J Krawczynski, H Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G Moriarty, P Ong, RA Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Rebillot, PF Reynolds, PT Sembroski, GH Steele, D Swordy, SP Valcarcel, L Wakely, SP Weekes, TC White, RJ AF Linton, ET Atkins, RW Badran, HM Blaylock, G Boyle, PJ Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Chow, YCK Cogan, P Daniel, MK Dowdall, C Falcone, AD Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Guiterrez, KJ Hall, J Hanna, D Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Humensky, TB Jung, I Kenny, GE Kertzman, M Kieda, DB Kildea, J Knapp, J Krawczynski, H Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G Moriarty, P Ong, RA Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Rebillot, PF Reynolds, PT Sembroski, GH Steele, D Swordy, SP Valcarcel, L Wakely, SP Weekes, TC White, RJ TI A new search for primordial black hole evaporations using the Whipple gamma-ray telescope SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray bursts; black holes ID COSMIC-RAYS; BURSTS; MATTER; SCALE AB Stephen Hawking's prediction that black holes should radiate like black bodies has several important consequences, including the possibility of the detection of small (similar to 10(15) g) black holes created in the very early universe. The detection of such primordial black holes ( PBHs) would be an important discovery, not only confirming Hawking's theory, but also providing valuable insights into the history of the early universe. A search through 5.5 years of archival data from the Whipple Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope is made for TeV gamma-ray bursts on 1, 3, and 5 s timescales. On the basis of a null result from this direct search for PBH evaporations, an upper limit of 1.08 x 10(6) pc(-3) yr(-1) (99% CL) is set on the PBH evaporation rate in the local region of the galaxy, assuming the Standard Model of particle physics. This is more than a factor of two better than the previous limit at this energy range and includes longer timescales than have previously been explored. Comparison of this result with previous limits on the fraction of the critical density comprised by PBHs, Omega(pbh), depends strongly on assumptions made about PBH clustering; in models predicting strong PBH clustering, the limit in this work could be as many as ten orders of magnitude more stringently than those set by diffuse MeV gamma-ray observations. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tanta 31527, Egypt. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM etl@uchicago.edu OI Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 013 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/01/013 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 008MR UT WOS:000235045400014 ER PT J AU Shang, YZ Liu, HL Hu, Y Prausnitz, J AF Shang, YZ Liu, HL Hu, Y Prausnitz, J TI Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) containing gemini (12-3-12,2Br(-)) and SDS I: Phase diagram and properties of ATPS SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cationic gemini surfactant; anionic surfactant; aqueous two-phase system (ATPS); phase diagram; properties ID CATIONIC-ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB Two phases coexist in an aqueous system that contains the two surfactants cationic gemini 12-3-12,2Br- and anionic SDS. An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is formed in a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In that region, the molar ratio of gemini to SDS varies with the total concentration of surfactants. ATPS not only has higher stability but also has longer phase separation time for the new systems than that of the traditional system. Furthermore, the optical properties of ATPS are different at different total concentrations. All of these experimental observations can be attributed to the unique properties of gemini surfactant and the synergy between the cationic gemini surfactant and the anionic surfactant SDS. C1 E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. EM hlliu@ecust.edu.cn NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1080/01932690500358105 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 019WO UT WOS:000235868300007 ER PT J AU Pingali, SV Takiue, T Luo, GM Tikhonov, AM Ikeda, N Aratono, M Schlossman, ML AF Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Takiue, Takanori Luo, Guangming Tikhonov, Aleksey M. Ikeda, Norihiro Aratono, Makoto Schlossman, Mark L. TI X-ray studies of surfactant ordering and interfacial phases at the water-oil interface SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray reflectivity; surfactants; water-oil interface ID HEXANE INTERFACE; MONOLAYERS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; F(CF2)(10)(CH2)(2)OH AB X-ray reflectivity studies of surfactants at the water-oil interface yield structural information with sub-nanometer resolution. In this presentation, we reviewed recent X-ray reflectivity measurements of the interface between water and a hexane solution of the hydrocarbon alkanol CH3(CH2)(19)OH and fluorocarbon alkanol CF3(CF2)(7)(CH2)(2)OH. The mixed system exhibits three monolayer phases, two of which are similar to single surfactant phases. A transition from a liquid monolayer to a solid monolayer occurs with increasing temperature. This unusual phase transition and the qualitative features of the phase diagram are predicted by an appropriate superposition of the behavior of the two single surfactant systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Fukuoka Womens Univ, Fac Human Environm Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Schlossman, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM schloss@uic.edu RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016; OI Pingali, Sai Venkatesh/0000-0001-7961-4176 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1080/01932690600660582 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 049ZU UT WOS:000238057700019 ER PT J AU Cho, JY Lee, J Gutowska, A Tarasevich, BJ Sohn, YS Jeong, B AF Cho, JY Lee, J Gutowska, A Tarasevich, BJ Sohn, YS Jeong, B TI pH/temperature sensitive poly(aspartic acid)-g-poly(propylene glycol) SO JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poly(aspartic acid); thermosensitive polymer; pH sensitive polymer; sol-gel transition; hydrogel ID COPOLYMER AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PEG-PLGA; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; HYDROGELS; DELIVERY; DRUG; ASSOCIATION; GELATION; ACID AB A pH/temperature sensitive polymer of poly(aspartic acid) grafted with poly(propylene glycol) (PA-g-PPG) was prepared. The polymer showed lower critical solution temperature in water depending on the pH as well as ionic strength. As the temperature increased, the concentrated poly(propylene glycol) aqueous solution precipitated, whereas the concentrated aqueous solution of PA-g-PPG underwent sol-to-gel transition atpH 7.4. The dehydration of poly(propylene glycol) and ionic repulsion of aspartic acid drive gel formation atpH 7.4 over 30 similar to 50 degrees C. The PA-g-PPG is expected to be a useful in situ gel forming depot system for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem, Div Nano Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem, Div Nano Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM bjeong@ewha.ac.kr NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU EDITIONS SANTE PI PARIS PA 47 RUE GALILEE, 75116 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1773-2247 J9 J DRUG DELIV SCI TEC JI J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 021BH UT WOS:000235957000011 ER PT J AU Pingenot, J Rieben, RN White, DA Dudley, DG AF Pingenot, J. Rieben, R. N. White, D. A. Dudley, D. G. TI Full wave analysis of RF signal attenuation in a lossy rough surface cave using a high order time domain vector finite element method SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB We present a computational study of signal propagation and attenuation of a 200 MHz planar loop antenna in a cave environment. The cave is modeled as a cylindrical guiding structure with a lossy wall. The wall is nominally circular with a random roughness. To simulate a broad frequency band, the full wave Maxwell equations are solved directly in the time domain via a high order vector finite element discretization using the massively parallel CEM code EMSolve. The numerical technique is first verified against theoretical results for a planar loop antenna in a smooth lossy cave. The simulation is then performed for a series of random rough surface meshes in order to generate statistical data for the propagation and attenuation properties of the antenna in a cave environment. Results for the mean and variance of the power spectral density of the electric field axe presented and discussed. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Pingenot, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1705 DI 10.1163/156939306779292408 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 070HS UT WOS:000239513100011 ER PT J AU Borisevich, AY Lupini, AR Travaglini, S Pennycook, SJ AF Borisevich, AY Lupini, AR Travaglini, S Pennycook, SJ TI Depth sectioning of aligned crystals with the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE depth sectioning; electron channeling; aberration correction; scanning transmission electron microscopy ID INDIVIDUAL DOPANT ATOMS; SINGLE ATOMS; RESOLUTION; STEM; VISIBILITY; CATALYSTS; SILICON AB The implementation of aberration correction for the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) enables the use of larger probe-forming apertures, improving the transverse resolution significantly and also bringing depth resolution at the nanometer scale. This opens up the possibility of three-dimensional imaging by optical sectioning, and nanometer-scale depth resolution has been demonstrated for amorphous and off-axis samples. For crystalline materials it is usual to image in a zone axis orientation to achieve atomic resolution. In this case, the tendency for the beam to channel along the columns complicates the simple optical sectioning technique. Here we conduct a series of simulations which demonstrate that higher beam convergence angles available in next generation aberration correctors can overcome this limitation. Detailed simulations with realistic values for residual aberrations predict nanometer-scale depth resolution for Bi dopant atoms in Si (110) for an instrument corrected up to fifth order. Use of a monochromator appears to significantly improve the depth resolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harding Univ, Dept Math, Searcy, AR USA. RP Borisevich, AY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM albinab@ornl.gov RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfi075 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 042JK UT WOS:000237524000002 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Harringa, JL AF Anderson, IE Harringa, JL TI Suppression of void coalescence in thermal aging of tin-silver-copper-X solder joints SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE lead-free solder; shear strength; joint microstructures; thermal aging ID SN-AG-CU; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; INTERFACIAL REACTION; EUTECTIC SOLDER; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR AB Addressing the potential for drop impact failure of Pb-free interconnects, the shear ductility after extensive aging of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solders has been improved radically by Co or Fe modifications. Several other SAC + X candidates (X = Mn, Ni, Ge, Ti, Si, Cr, and Zn) now have been tested. Solder joint microstructures and shear strength results show that new SAC + X alloys also suppress void formation and coalescence at the Cu (substrate)/Cu3Sn interface (and embrittlement) after aging at 150 degrees C for up to 1,000 h. Microprobe measurements of 1,000 h aged samples suggest that Cu substitution by X is usually accentuated in the intermetallic layers, consistent with X = Co and Fe results. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andersoni@ameslab.gov NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0190-1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 008PM UT WOS:000235053200016 ER PT J AU Zhou, P Su, CY Li, BW Yi, Q AF Zhou, P Su, CY Li, BW Yi, Q TI Treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater and removal of antibiotics in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE industrial wastes; wastewater management; biofilm; biodegradation; biological treatment; aerobic treatment ID AIRLIFT SUSPENSION REACTOR; BAFFLED REACTOR; MICROBIAL-POPULATION; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; BIODEGRADABILITY; OXYTETRACYCLINE; SYSTEMS; LC AB Anaerobic and aerobic treatment of high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater was evaluated in this study. A batch test was performed to study the biodegradability of the wastewater, and the result indicated that a combination anaerobic-aerobic treatment system was effective in removing organic matter from the high-strength pharmaceutical wastewater. Based on the batch test, a pilot-scale system composed of an anaerobic baffled reactor followed by a biofilm airlift suspension reactor was designed. At a stable operational period, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the anaerobic baffled reactor ranged from 1,432 to 2,397 mg/L at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.25 day, and 979 to 1,749 mg/L at an HRT of 2.5 day, respectively, when influent COD ranged from 9,736 to 19,862 mg/L. As a result, effluent COD of the biofilm airlift suspension reactor varied between 256 and 355 mg/L at HRTs of from 5.0 to 12.5 h. The antibiotics ampicillin and aureomycin, with influent concentrations of 3.2 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, could be partially degraded in the anaerobic baffled reactor: ampicillin and aureomycin removal efficiencies were 16.4 and 25.9% with an HRT of 1.25 day, and 42.1 and 31.3% with HRT of 2.5 day, respectively. Although effective in COD removal, the biofilm airlift suspension reactor did not display significant antibiotic removal, and the removal efficiencies of the two antibiotics were less than 10%. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhoup@ornl.gov; suc@tsinghua.edu.cn; libw@craes.cn.net; qiany@tsinghua.edu.cn NR 30 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 50 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(129) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998OV UT WOS:000234329400017 ER PT J AU Brisson, MJ Ashley, K Stefaniak, AB Ekechukwu, AA Creek, KL AF Brisson, MJ Ashley, K Stefaniak, AB Ekechukwu, AA Creek, KL TI Trace-level beryllium analysis in the laboratory and in the field: state of the art, challenges and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID DISEASE RELATIONS; SENSITIZATION; EXPOSURE; RISK; ALLOY; PLANT; OXIDE; METAL AB Control of workplace exposure to beryllium is a growing issue in the United States and other nations. As the health risks associated with low-level exposure to beryllium are better understood, the need increases for improved analytical techniques both in the laboratory and in the field. These techniques also require a greater degree of standardization to permit reliable comparison of data obtained from different locations and at different times. Analysis of low-level beryllium samples, in the form of air filters or surface wipes, is frequently required for workplace monitoring or to provide data to support decision-making on implementation of exposure controls. In the United States and the United Kingdom, the current permissible exposure level is 2 mu g m(-3) (air) and the United States Department of Energy has implemented an action level of 0.2 mu g m(-3) (air) and 0.2 mg/100 cm(2) (surface). These low-level samples present a number of analytical challenges, including (1) a lack of suitable standard reference materials, (2) unknown robustness of sample preparation techniques, (3) interferences during analysis, (4) sensitivity (sufficiently low detection limits), (5) specificity ( beryllium speciation) and (6) data comparability among laboratories. Additionally, there is a need for portable, real-time (or near real-time) equipment for beryllium air monitoring and surface wipe analysis that is both laboratory-validated and field-validated in a manner that would be accepted by national and/or international standards organizations. This paper provides a review of the current analytical requirements for trace-level beryllium analysis for worker protection and also addresses issues that may change those requirements. The current analytical state of the art and relevant challenges facing the analytical community will be presented, followed by suggested criteria for real-time monitoring equipment. Recognizing and addressing these challenges will present opportunities for laboratories, research and development organizations, instrument manufacturers and others. C1 Washington Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brisson, MJ (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM mike.brisson@srs.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1039/b601469k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600003 PM 16767226 ER PT J AU Creek, KL Whitney, G Ashley, K AF Creek, KL Whitney, G Ashley, K TI Vacuum sampling techniques for industrial hygienists, with emphasis on beryllium dust sampling SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID HOUSE-DUST; CONTAMINATION; EXPOSURE; LEAD; SENSITIZATION; ALLERGEN; CHILDREN; WORKERS; DISEASE; WIPE AB The U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program Rule, 10 CFR Part 850 became effective in 2000 in response to the prevalence of Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in workers. The rule requires surface and air monitoring for beryllium to determine exposure levels and the evaluation of the effectiveness of controls used to minimize or eliminate that risk. The most common methods for surface sampling use wet or dry wipes. Wipe sampling techniques may be impractical for many surfaces common to most buildings such as cinder block, textured wall surfaces, fabric and carpet. Vacuum sampling methods have been developed for the evaluation of lead or pesticides on residential surfaces such as carpets, bare floors and window sills. However, the current vacuum methods may be impractical for many workplace situations such as sampling of protective clothing, complex facility structures, or equipment surfaces. Recent work using vacuum sampling for potential bio-terrorism agents such as anthrax spores may have significant application to industrial hygiene evaluations of the workplace and may be extendable for use in sampling of metals such as beryllium. Validated vacuum sampling methods that provide meaningful data would be of great value to industrial hygienists in identifying areas having surface contamination, evaluating existing controls and work practices and determining the potential of toxic material on surfaces to become airborne and present a potential risk to workers and the public. This article discusses various vacuum sampling methodologies and recommends harmonization of sampling methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Creek, KL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D454,Bikini Atoll Rd,SM-30, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM creek@lanl.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1039/b601572g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600004 PM 16767227 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Cronin, J Tonazzi, J McCleskey, TM Ehler, DS Minogue, EM Whitney, G Brink, C Burrell, AK Warner, B Goldcamp, MJ Schlecht, PC Sonthalia, P Ashley, K AF Agrawal, A Cronin, J Tonazzi, J McCleskey, TM Ehler, DS Minogue, EM Whitney, G Brink, C Burrell, AK Warner, B Goldcamp, MJ Schlecht, PC Sonthalia, P Ashley, K TI Validation of a standardized portable fluorescence method for determining trace beryllium in workplace air and wipe samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT ID SENSITIZATION; DISEASE AB Beryllium is widely used in industry for its unique properties; however, occupational exposure to beryllium particles can cause potentially fatal disease. Consequently, exposure limits for beryllium particles in air and action levels on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks for workers. Field-portable monitoring methods for beryllium are desired in order to facilitate on-site measurement of beryllium in the workplace, so that immediate action can be taken to protect human health. In this work, a standardized, portable fluorescence method for the determination of trace beryllium in workplace samples, i.e., air filters and dust wipes, was validated through intra- and inter-laboratory testing. The procedure entails extraction of beryllium in 1% ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2, aqueous), followed by fluorescence measurement of the complex formed between beryllium ion and hydroxybenzoquinoline sulfonate (HBQS). The method detection limit was estimated to be less than 0.02 mu g Be per air filter or wipe sample, with a dynamic range up to greater than 10 mg. The overall method accuracy was shown to satisfy the accuracy criterion (A <= +/- 25%) for analytical methods promulgated by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Interferences from numerous metals tested ( in > 400-fold excess concentration compared to that of beryllium) were negligible or minimal. The procedure was shown to be effective for the dissolution and quantitative detection of beryllium extracted from refractory beryllium oxide particles. An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International voluntary consensus standard based on the methodology has recently been published. C1 Berylliant Inc, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), Berylliant Inc, 4541 E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM KAshley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1039/b601524g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600005 PM 16767228 ER PT J AU Dufay, SK Archuleta, M AF Dufay, SK Archuleta, M TI Comparison of collection efficiencies of sampling methods for removable beryllium surface contamination SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 08-09, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT AB The primary goal of this study is to compare wet versus dry sampling methods for three different media, (Whatman (R) 41 filter papers, GhostWipes (TM), and SKC (R) Smear Tabs), These media were selected because they are the most commonly used means for the collection of beryllium from contaminated surfaces within the DOE Complex. A range of known concentrations of beryllium was introduced onto a smooth nonporous surface. All three types of media were tested for collection efficiency in both the wet and dry mode and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Plus Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dufay, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Plus Grp, POB 5800,MS 1103, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM skdufay@yahoo.com NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 630 EP 633 DI 10.1039/b601526n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051LC UT WOS:000238161600007 PM 16767230 ER PT J AU Houser, JN Mulholland, PJ Maloney, KO AF Houser, JN Mulholland, PJ Maloney, KO TI Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CATCHMENT LAND-USE; HUBBARD BROOK; VEGETATION DISTURBANCE; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN ZONES; WATER-QUALITY; FOREST; ECOSYSTEM; MATTER AB Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry . Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to; spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate the effects of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on stream chemistry. During baseflow, mean total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and mean inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) concentration increased with catchment disturbance intensity (TSS: R-2 = 0.7, p = 0.005, range = 4.0-10.1 mg L-1, ISS: R-2 = 0.71, p = 0.004, range 2.04-7.3 mg L-1); dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (R-2 = 0.79, p = 0.001, range = 1.5-4.1 mg L-1) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration (R-2 = 0.75, p = 0.008, range = 1.9-6.2 mu g L-1) decreased with increasing distur nitrate (NO3-), and dissolved bance intensity; and ammonia (NH4+) inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were unrelated to disturbance intensity. The increase in TSS and ISS during storms was positively correlated with disturbance (R-2 = 0.78 and 0.78, p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively); mean maximum change in SRP during storms increased with disturbance (r - 0.7, p = 0.04); and mean maximum change in NOT during storms was marginally correlated with disturbance (r = 0.58, p = 0.06). Soil characteristics were significant predictors of baseflow DOC, SRP, and Ca2+, but were not correlated with suspended sediment fractions, any nitrogen species, or pH. Despite the largely, intact riparian zones of these headwater streams, upland soil and vegetation disturbances had clear effects on stream chemistry during baseflow and stormflow conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM Jhouser@usgs.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 NR 57 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 352 EP 365 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0102 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000038 PM 16397111 ER PT J AU Fayer, MJ Gee, GW AF Fayer, MJ Gee, GW TI Multiple-year water balance of soil covers in a semiarid setting SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REGIONS; SLOPE AB Surface covers are used to isolate contaminants in hazardous and low-level radioactive sites for time frames ranging from hundreds of years to millennia or more. In the absence of data for such durations, the long-term performance of surface barriers can only be represented with short-term tests or inferred front analogs and modeling. This paper provides evidence of field performance of soil covers for periods up to 17 yr. The results of lysimeter studies from a semiarid site in Washington State show that a cover design known as the Hanford Barrier, which consists of 1.5 m of sill loam above a sand-gravel capillary break, can nearly eliminate drainage. The results were similar if plants were present or not, demonstrating the robustness of the design. Furthermore, reducing the silt loam thickness to 1.0 m (as might occur via erosion), with or without plants, did not lead to drainage. When irrigated to mimic 3X average precipitation conditions, the vegetated Hanford Barrier continued to prevent drainage. Overall, the results showed no loss in performance during the 17 yr of testing. Only when plants were eliminated completely from the 3X precipitation test did drainage occur (rates ranged from 6 to 16 mm yr(-1)). In a separate test, replacing the top 0.2 m of silt loam with done sand and reducing the plant cover did not lead immediately to the onset of drainage, but soil matric heads within the silt loam noticeably increased. This observation suggests that dune sand migration onto a surface cover has the potential to reduce a cover's ability to minimize deep drainage. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fayer, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mike.fayer@pnl.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 366 EP 377 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0391 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000039 PM 16397112 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Jannik, GT Wike, LD AF Paller, Michael H. Jannik, G. Timothy Wike, Lynn D. TI Concentration ratios for small mammals collected from the exposed sediments of a Cs-137 contaminated reservoir SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radionuclides; concentration ratio; transfer factor; bioconcentration; biota dose ID IONIZING-RADIATION; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; CHERNOBYL FALLOUT; RADIOCESIUM; SWEDEN; SOIL; BIOACCUMULATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Cs-137 concentration ratios were computed for small mammals collected from the dried sediments of a partially drained, contaminated reservoir. Soil Cs-137 activity concentrations were heterogeneous on small and large spatial scales and had a geometric mean of 253 (range 23-2110) Bq/kg dry weight. Mean Cs-137 activity concentrations in composite cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus and cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus samples averaged 2480 (range 556-6670) and 471 (range 96-1000) Bq/kg whole body dry weight, respectively. About 50% of the variance in cotton rat tissue Cs-137 activity was explained by variation in Soil Cs-137 activity. Soil-to-animal dry weight concentration ratios averaged 6.0 for cotton rats and 1.2 for cotton mice and were generally similar to Cs-137 concentration ratios for herbivorous, homeothermic animals from other contaminated ecosystems. In the RESRAD-BIOTA dose model, the default wet-weight concentration ratio for Cs-137 in terrestrial animals is 110 resulting in an estimate of internal and external radiation doses to terrestrial biota that is 44 times more than the dose calculated with the actual measured wet-weight concentration ratio for cotton rats (1.6). These results show that site-specific concentration ratios can significantly affect the estimation of dose. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov; tim.jannik@srnl.doe.gov; lynn.wike@srnl.doe.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.07.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100QY UT WOS:000241684900004 PM 16963166 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Stone, EL Hamilton, TF Conrado, CL AF Robison, WL Stone, EL Hamilton, TF Conrado, CL TI Long-term reduction in Cs-137 concentration in food crops on coral atolls resulting from potassium treatment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE reduced Cs-137 uptake; K effect; long-term effect; dose impact; Marshall islands ID NUCLEAR TEST-SITE; SOIL SOLUTION; ROOT UPTAKE; RADIOCESIUM; RADIONUCLIDES; ISLANDS AB Bikini Island was contaminated on March 1, 1954 by the Bravo detonation (U.S. nuclear test series, Castle) at Bikini Atoll. About 90% of the estimated dose from nuclear fallout to potential island residents is from cesium-137 ((CS)-C-137) transferred from soil to plants that are consumed by residents. Thus, radioecology research efforts have been focused on removing (CS)-C-137 from soil and/or reducing its uptake into vegetation. Most effective was addition of potassium (K) to soil that reduces (CS)-C-137 concentration in fruits to 3-5% of pretreatment concentrations. Initial observations indicated this low concentration continued for some time after K was last applied. Long-term studies were designed to evaluate this persistence in more detail because it is very important to provide assurance to returning populations that (CS)-C-137 concentrations in food (and, therefore, radiation dose) will remain low for extended periods, even if K is not applied annually or biennially. Potassium applied at 300, 660, 1260, and 2070 kg ha(-1) lead to a (CS)-C-137 concentration in drinking-coconut meat that is 34, 22, 10, and about 4% of original concentration, respectively. Concentration of Cs-137 remains low 8-10y after K is last applied. An explanation for this unexpected result is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil Sci, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. RP Robison, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-642, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robison1@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.02.007 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051TE UT WOS:000238183000004 PM 16650918 ER PT J AU Fritz, BG Patton, GW AF Fritz, BG Patton, GW TI Monitoring iodine-129 in air and milk samples collected near the Hanford Site: an investigation of historical iodine monitoring data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE iodine-129; environmental sampling; Hanford; milk; air; radioactive emissions ID FUEL REPROCESSING PLANT; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTHROPOGENIC I-129; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; TREE-RINGS; ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE; FACILITIES AB While other research has reported on the concentrations of 1291 in the environment surrounding active nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, there is a shortage of information regarding how the concentrations change once facilities close. At the Hanford Site, the Plutonium-Uranium Extraction (PUREX) chemical separation plant was operating between 1983 and 1990, during which time I-129 concentrations in air and milk were measured. After the cessation of chemical processing, plant emissions decreased 2.5 orders of magnitude over an 8-year period. An evaluation of I-129 and I-127 concentration data in air and milk spanning the PUREX operation and post-closure period was conducted to compare the changes in environmental levels. Measured concentrations over the monitoring period were below the levels that could result in a potential annual human dose greater than 1 mSv. There was a measurable difference in the measured air concentrations of I-129 at different distances from the source, indicating a distinct Hanford finger-print. Correlations between stack emissions of I-129 and concentrations in air and milk indicate that atmospheric emissions were the major source of I-129 measured in environmental samples. The measured concentrations during PUREX operations were similar to observations made around a fuel reprocessing plant in Germany. After the PUREX Plant stopped operating, I-129 concentration measurements made upwind of Hanford were similar to the results from Seville, Spain. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K6-75, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bradley.fritz@pnl.gov; gw.patton@pnl.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.07.006 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015TB UT WOS:000235572700005 PM 16125287 ER PT J AU McClellan, Y August, RA Gosz, JR Gann, S Parmenter, RR Windsor, M AF McClellan, Y August, RA Gosz, JR Gann, S Parmenter, RR Windsor, M TI Vertical distribution, migration rates, and model comparison of actinium in a semi-arid environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radionuclides; migration; models; actinium; grassland soil; transport ID SURFACE SOILS; RADIONUCLIDES; PROFILES; CS-137; SR-90; I-129 AB Vertical soil characterization and migration of radionuclides were investigated at four radioactively contaminated sites on Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico to determine the vertical downward migration of radionuclides in a semi-arid environment. The surface soils (0-15cm) were intentionally contaminated with Brazilian sludge (containing (232)Thorium and other radionuclides) approximately 40 years ago, in order to simulate the conditions resulting from a nuclear weapons accident. Site grading consisted of manually raking or machine disking the sludge. The majority of the radioactivity was found in the top 15 cm of soil, with retention ranging from 69 to 88%. Two models, a compartment diffusion model and leach rate model, were evaluated to determine their capabilities and limitations in predicting radionuclide behavior. The migration rates of actinium were calculated with the diffusion compartment and the leach rate models for all sites, and ranged from 0.009 to 0.1 cm/yr increasing with depth. The migration rates calculated with the leach rate models were similar to those using the diffusion compartment model and did not increase with depth (0.045-0.076, 0.0 cm/yr). The research found that the physical and chemical properties governing transport processes of water and solutes in soil provide a valid radionuclide transport model. The evaluation also showed that the physical model has fewer limitations and may be more applicable to this environment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NRL S&T Reserve Unit, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. RP McClellan, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ymcclel@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018DB UT WOS:000235742900005 PM 16243414 ER PT J AU Pinder, JE Hinton, TG Whicker, FW AF Pinder, JE Hinton, TG Whicker, FW TI Foliar uptake of cesium from the water column by aquatic macrophytes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE cesium; macrophytes; foliar uptake; water column; lake models; Brasenia schreberi; Myriophyllum spicatum; Nymphaea odorata; Typha latifolia; Utricularia inflata ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; MINERAL-NUTRITION; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; SUBMERGED ANGIOSPERMS; RADIOCESIUM UPTAKE; LAKES; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; RESERVOIR; PLANTS AB The probable occurrence and rate of foliar absorption of stable cesium (Cs-133) from the water column by aquatic macrophyte species was analyzed following the addition of Cs-133 into a small reservoir near Aiken, South Carolina, USA. An uptake parameter U (10(3) L kg(-1) d(-1)) and a loss rate parameter k (d(-1)) were estimated for each species using time series of Cs-133 concentrations in the water and plant tissues. Foliar uptake, as indicated by rapid increases in plant concentrations following the Cs-133 addition, occurred in two floating-leaf species, Brasenia schreberi and Nymphaea odorata, and two submerged species, Myriophyllum spicatum and Utricularia inflata. These species had values of u >= 0.75 X 10(3) L kg(-1) d(-1). Less evidence for foliar uptake was observed in three emergent species, including Typha latifolia. Ratios of u to k for B. schreberi, M. spicatum, N. odorata and U. inflata can be used to estimate concentration ratios (CR) at equilibrium, and these estimates were generally within a factor of 2 of the CR for (CS)-C-137 for these species in the same reservoir. This correspondence suggests that foliar uptake of Cs was the principal absorption mechanism for these species. Assessments of: (1) the prevalence of foliar uptake of potassium, rubidium and Cs isotopes by aquatic macrophytes and (2) the possible importance of foliar uptake of Cs in other lentic systems are made from a review of foliar uptake studies and estimation of comparable u and k values from lake studies involving Cs releases. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM thinton@srel.edu NR 71 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 23 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.05.005 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991VB UT WOS:000233841100002 PM 15990203 ER PT J AU Chang, LY Than, C Morimoto, H Williams, PG AF Chang, LY Than, C Morimoto, H Williams, PG TI Catalytic oxidation of mixed wastes containing high organic content - Emission reduction and the effect of steam SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE catalytic chemical oxidation; steam reforming; mixed wastes; emission reduction; delisting petition AB To resolve mixed organic and radioactive waste disposal problems, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) initiated a treatability study using the catalytic chemical oxidation (CCO) system to oxidize a mixed-waste stream and to confine tritium as part of LBNL's pollution prevention program. LBNL has also adopted a legal approach by seeking an equivalent waste-treatment determination for the CCO process, and by petitioning the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to delist F-coded treatment residues. The results of this study demonstrate that (1) the CCO process can treat aqueous wastes containing a broad range of organic chemicals and achieve more than 99.999% destruction efficiency; (2) greater than 99.9% trapping efficiency for tritiated water can be achieved using an emission-reduction system that also confines the vapor of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to the liquid residue; and (3) neutralized treatment residues can be disposed of as low-level radioactive waste at a permitted facility after EPA has approved LBNL`s petitions, or the tritium in the residues can be recycled. The high oxidation efficiency of the CCO process is mainly due to the optimized operating conditions of the CCO process and the combined effect of steam reforming in the oxidation cell and the catalytic oxidation of organic mixtures and CO in the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst bed. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, LY (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LYChang@bl.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1080/10934520500297533 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005OG UT WOS:000234833100004 PM 16401570 ER PT J AU Bartoli, CG Yu, JP Gomez, F Fernandez, L McIntosh, L Foyer, CH AF Bartoli, CG Yu, JP Gomez, F Fernandez, L McIntosh, L Foyer, CH TI Inter-relationships between light and respiration in the control of ascorbic acid synthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Plant-Oxygen-Groupof the Society-of-Free-Radical-Research CY DEC 18-20, 2005 CL Univ W England, Bristol, ENGLAND SP Soc Free Rad Res, Plant Oxygen Grp HO Univ W England DE ascorbic acid; alternative oxidase; cytochrome c; light acclimation; mitochondria; respiration ID ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE ACTIVITY; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; VITAMIN-C; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; DEPENDENT REDUCTION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The effects of growth irradiance and respiration on ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis and accumulation were studied in the leaves of wild-type and transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with modified amounts of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) protein. Plants were grown under low (LL; 50 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)), intermediate (IL; 100 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)), or high (HL; 250 mu mol photons m(-2) s-1) light. Increasing growth irradiance progressively elevated leaf AA content and hence the values of dark-induced disappearance of leaf AA, which were 11, 55, and 89 nmol AA lost g(-1) fresh weight h(-1), from LL-, IL-, and HL-grown leaves, respectively. When HL leaves were supplied with L-galactone-1,4-lactone (L-GalL; the precursor of AA), they accumulated twice as much AA and had double the maximal L-galactone-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (L-GalLDH) activities of LL leaves. Growth under HL enhanced dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. Leaf respiration rates were highest in the HL leaves, which also had higher amounts of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activities, as well as enhanced capacity of the AOX and CCO electron transport pathways. Leaves of the AOX-overexpressing lines accumulated more AA than wild-type or antisense leaves, particularly at HL. Intact mitochondria from AOX-overexpressing lines had higher AA synthesis capacities than those from the wild-type or antisense lines even though they had similar L-GaILDH activities. AOX antisense lines had more cytochrome c protein than wildtype or AOX-overexpressing lines. It is concluded that regardless of limitations on L-GalL synthesis by regulation of early steps in the AA synthesis pathway, the regulation of L-GaILDH activity via the interaction of light and respiratory controls is a crucial determinant of the overall ability of leaves to produce and accumulate AA. C1 Rothamsted Res, Crop Performance & Improvement Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Inst Plant Physiol, INFIVE, Sch Agron, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Natl Univ La Plata, Inst Plant Physiol, INFIVE, Sch Nat Sci, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Foyer, CH (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Crop Performance & Improvement Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM christine.foyer@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Foyer, Christine/K-2143-2012 NR 66 TC 122 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1631 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl005 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 059YN UT WOS:000238768200003 PM 16714304 ER PT J AU Dal Negro, L Yi, JH Hiltunen, M Michel, J Kimerling, LC Hamel, S Williamson, AJ Galli, G Chang, TWF Sukhovatkin, V Sargent, EH AF Dal Negro, L. Yi, J. H. Hiltunen, M. Michel, J. Kimerling, L. C. Hamel, S. Williamson, A. J. Galli, G. Chang, T. -W. F. Sukhovatkin, V. Sargent, E. H. TI Light-emitting silicon-rich nitride systems and photonic structures SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocrystals; light emission; nitride materials ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; STIMULATED-EMISSION; PBS NANOCRYSTALS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; RAMAN LASER; FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; LOCALIZATION AB In this paper we report recent results on the optoelectronic properties of silicon-rich nitride (SRN), a novel material for microphotonics applications compatible with silicon technology. We have investigated optical emission, energy transfer phenomena to erbium ions and PbS colloidal quantum dots in SRN films and grown active photonic SRN structures. The optical properties of the films were studied by micro-Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy and, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis, indicate the presence of small (1-2 nm) Si clusters characterized by efficient (7% quantum efficiency at room temperature), broad-band and near-infrared emission with very large absorption/emission Stokes shift. Time and temperature resolved photoluminescence measurements demonstrate nanosecond-fast, wavelength-dependent recombination dynamics with negligible light emission thermal quenching from 4 to 330 K. First-principles simulations of 1 nm size crystalline and amorphous silicon dots show that nitrogen atoms bonded to the surface of nanometre silicon clusters play a crucial role in the emission mechanism of SRN films. In addition, we show that SRN is a suitable material for the fabrication of light-emitting complex photonic crystals and novel waveguide structures based on resonant transmission of localized light states in aperiodic dielectrics. The versatility of light-emitting SRN systems can provide alternative routes towards the fabrication of optically active CMOS devices. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Dal Negro, L (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 St Marys St,Room 2825, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dalnegro@bu.edu RI Hiltunen, Marianne/B-6074-2014 OI Hiltunen, Marianne/0000-0001-6708-5879 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-8080 J9 J EXP NANOSCI JI J. Exp. Nanosci. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1080/17458080500469310 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 234PR UT WOS:000251176500003 ER PT J AU James, CD Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, SS Bennett, D Khusid, B Acrivos, A AF James, CD Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, SS Bennett, D Khusid, B Acrivos, A TI Surface micromachined dielectrophoretic gates for the front-end device of a biodetection system SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID AC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SEPARATION; MICROFLUIDICS; SEGREGATION; MICROCHIP; CELLS; FLOW AB We present a novel separation device for the front-end of a biodetection system to discriminate between biological and non-biological analytes captured in air samples. By combining AC dielectrophoresis along the flow streamlines and a field-induced phase-separation, the device utilizes "dielectrophoretic gating" to separate analytes suspended in a flowing fluid based on their intrinsic polarizability properties. The gates are integrated into batch fabricated self-sealed surface-micromachined fluid channels. We demonstrate that setting the gate to a moderate voltage in the radio frequency range removed bacteria cells from a mixture containing non-biological particles without the need for fluorescent labeling or antibody-antigen hybridization, and also validate experimentally basic relations for estimating the gate performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 08102 USA. CUNY City Coll, Levich Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP James, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdjame@sandia.gov; mokanda@sandia.gov; pcgalam@sandia.gov; ssmani@sandia.gov; dawnb@umbc.edu; khusid@adm.njit.edu; acrivos@scisun.sci.ccny.cuny.edu OI Khusid, Boris/0000-0002-8604-1051 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1115/1.2136924 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 048DX UT WOS:000237928900003 ER PT J AU Gao, D Fan, R Subramaniam, S Fox, RO Hoffman, D AF Gao, D Fan, R Subramaniam, S Fox, RO Hoffman, D TI Momentum transfer between polydisperse particles in dense granular flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLIES AB We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (based on the soft-sphere model) of a model dry granular system consisting of two types of spherical particles differing in size and/or density to characterize particle-particle momentum transfer(solid drag). The velocity difference between two types of particles is specified in the initial conditions, and the evolution of relative mean velocity and the velocity fluctuations in terms of granular temperature are quantified. The dependence of the momentum transfer is studied as a function of volume fraction, size and density ratio of the two types of particles, inelasticity, and friction coefficient. An existing continuum model of particle-particle momentum transfer is compared to the MD simulations. A modified continuum solid drag model is suggested for a limited range of parameters. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gao, D (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gao_ma@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1115/1.2140803 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 048DX UT WOS:000237928900009 ER PT J AU Feng, SH Graham, AL Reardon, PT Abbott, J Mondy, L AF Feng, SH Graham, AL Reardon, PT Abbott, J Mondy, L TI Improving failing ball tests for viscosity determination SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are performed to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of the falling-ball test for viscosity determination in Newtonian fluids. The results explore the wall and end effects of the containing cylinder and other possible sources that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the falling ball tests. A formal error analysis of the falling-ball method, an evaluation of the relative merits of calibration and individual measurements, and an analysis of reproducibility in the falling-ball test are performed. Recommendations based on this study for improving both the accuracy and reproducibility of the falling-ball test are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr High Performance Comp, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feng, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sfeng@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1115/1.2137345 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 048DX UT WOS:000237928900021 ER PT J AU Worley, CG Wiltshire, SS Miller, TC Havrilla, GJ Majidi, V AF Worley, CG Wiltshire, SS Miller, TC Havrilla, GJ Majidi, V TI Detection of visible and latent fingerprints using micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental imaging SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; fingerprint; latent; XRF; X-ray fluorescence; micro-XRF; MXRF; imaging; spectroscopy ID CYANOACRYLATE AB Using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), a novel means of detecting fingerprints was examined in which the prints were imaged based on their elemental composition. MXRF is a nondestructive technique. Although this method requires a priori knowledge about the approximate location of a print, it offers a new and complementary means for detecting fingerprints that are also left pristine for further analysis (including potential DNA extraction) or archiving purposes. Sebaceous fingerprints and those made after perspiring were detected based on elements such as potassium and chlorine present in the print residue. Unique prints were also detected including those containing lotion, saliva, banana, or sunscreen. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for visualizing fingerprints by MXRF on surfaces that can be problematic using current methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worley, CG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cworley@lanl.gov OI Havrilla, George/0000-0003-2052-7152 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00006.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 001RD UT WOS:000234553100009 PM 16423224 ER PT J AU Scheidegger, AM Grolimund, D Cheeseman, CR Rogers, RD AF Scheidegger, AM Grolimund, D Cheeseman, CR Rogers, RD TI Micro-spectroscopic investigations of highly heterogeneous waste repository materials SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7) CY AUG 23-27, 2005 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assoc Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, Inst Rech Dev, IAGC, Syndicat Mixte Arbois, Univ Paul Cezanne DE micro-X-ray absorption (micro-XAS); micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF); cement; waste solidification; Co; microbial degradation ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; IMMOBILIZATION PROCESSES; HEAVY-METALS; CEMENT; MONTMORILLONITE; DEGRADATION; SPECIATION; CONCRETE; SORPTION AB Assuring safe disposal and long-term storage of radioactive and toxic wastes corresponds to a primary environmental task of present societies. To improve any technical limitation, a mechanistic understanding of the processes governing the binding of heavy metals and radionuclides is required. In this study, the significance of synchrotron-based X-ray microprobes for elucidating the spatial distribution and the speciation of radionuclides in highly heterogeneous waste repository materials will be outlined. A case study on the uptake process of Co in cementitious engineered barrier materials exposed to microbial degradation will be presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Waste Management, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Control & Waste Management, London SW7 2BU, England. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Scheidegger, AM (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Waste Management, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM Andre.Scheidegger@psi.ch NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.104 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 016RX UT WOS:000235638900015 ER PT J AU van Geen, A Aziz, Z Horneman, A Weinman, B Dhar, RK Zheng, Y Goodbred, S Versteeg, R Seddique, AA Hope, MA Ahmed, KM AF van Geen, A Aziz, Z Horneman, A Weinman, B Dhar, RK Zheng, Y Goodbred, S Versteeg, R Seddique, AA Hope, MA Ahmed, KM TI Preliminary evidence of a link between surface soil properties and the arsenic content of shallow groundwater in Bangladesh SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7) CY AUG 23-27, 2005 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom DE arsenic; groundwater; well water; Bangladesh; health ID REDUCING CONDITIONS; FE RELEASE AB The extremely heterogeneous distribution of As in Bangladesh groundwater has hampered efforts to identify with certainty the mechanisms that lead to extensive mobilization of this metalloid in reducing aquifers. We show here on the basis of a high-resolution transect of soil and aquifer properties collected in Araihazar, Bangladesh, that revealing tractable associations between As concentrations in shallow (< 20 in) groundwater with other geological, hydrological, and geochemical features requires a lateral sampling resolution of 10-100 in. Variations in the electromagnetic conductivity of surface soils (5-40 mS/m) within a 500 m x 200 in area are documented with 560 EM31 measurements. The results are compared with a detailed section of groundwater As concentrations (5-150 mu g/L) and other aquifer properties obtained with a simple sampling device, "the needle-sampler", that builds on the local drilling technology. By invoking complementary observations obtained in the same area and in other regions of Bangladesh, we postulate that local groundwater recharge throughout permeable sandy soils plays a major role in regulating the As content of shallow aquifers by diluting the flux of As released from reducing sediments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP van Geen, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM avangeen@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Goodbred, Steven/A-1737-2011; OI Goodbred, Steven/0000-0001-7626-9864; Ahmed, Kazi Matin/0000-0001-5188-4385; Hoque, Mohammad/0000-0002-8271-6760 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.106 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 016RX UT WOS:000235638900036 ER PT J AU Kirchner, JW Riebe, CS Ferrier, KL Finkel, RC AF Kirchner, JW Riebe, CS Ferrier, KL Finkel, RC TI Cosmogenic nuclide methods for measuring long-term rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-7) CY AUG 23-27, 2005 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP City Aix en Provence, Agence Natl Gest Dechets Radioactifs, Bur Rech Geolog & Minieres, Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, CNRS, Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone, Conseil Reg Reg PACA, Communaute Pays Aix, European Assco Geochem, Inst Natl Rech Agronom DE denudation; erosion; chemical weathering; cosmogenic nuclides ID ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; CLIMATIC CONTROL; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA AB Understanding the evolution of geochemical and geomorphic systems requires measurements of long-term rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering. Erosion and weathering rates have traditionally been estimated from measurements of sediment and solute fluxes in streams. However, modem sediment and solute fluxes are often decoupled from long-term rates of erosion and weathering, due to storage or re-mobilization of sediment and solutes upstream from the sampling point. Recently, cosmogenic nuclides such as Be-10 and Al-26 have become important new tools for measuring long-term rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering. Cosmogenic nuclides can be used to infer the total denudation flux (the sum of the rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering) in actively eroding terrain. Here we review recent work showing how this total denudation flux can be partitioned into its physical and chemical components, using the enrichment of insoluble tracers (such as Zr) in regolith relative to parent rock. By combining cosmogenic nuclide measurements with the bulk elemental composition of rock and soil, geochemists can measure rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering over 1000- to 10,000-year time scales. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kirchner, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Riebe, Clifford/B-7670-2012 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.060 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 016RX UT WOS:000235638900068 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Ribeiro, RM Rice, CM Perelson, AS AF Dahari, H. Ribeiro, R. M. Rice, C. M. Perelson, A. S. TI Mathematical modeling of subgenomic hepatitis C viral replication in Huh-7 cells SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Virol & Infect Dis, Ctr Hepatitis C, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2006 VL 44 SU 2 MA 739 BP S273 EP S273 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(06)80740-3 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 039SU UT WOS:000237328100740 ER PT J AU Babich, R Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Rebbi, C Shoresh, N AF Babich, R Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Rebbi, C Shoresh, N TI Light hadron and diquark spectroscopy in quenched QCD with overlap quarks on a large lattice SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lattice QCD; QCD; chiral lagrangians ID EXACT CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; DECAY CONSTANTS; DIRAC OPERATOR; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; PENTAQUARK SEARCHES; FERMIONS; MASSES; CONDENSATE; RENORMALIZATION; APPROXIMATION AB A simulation of quenched QCD with the overlap Dirac operator has been completed using 100 Wilson gauge configurations at beta = 6 on an 18(3) x 64 lattice and at beta = 5.85 on a 14(3) x 48 lattice, both in Landau gauge. We present results for light meson and baryon masses, meson final state "wave functions," and other observables, as well as some details on the numerical techniques that were used. Our results indicate that scaling violations, if any, are small. We also present an analysis of diquark correlations using the quark propagators generated in our simulation. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Ctr Phys Theor, Marseille, France. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, Marseille, France. CNRS, UMR 6207, Marseille, France. RP Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM rbabich@buphy.bu.edu; fberruto@quark.phy.bnl.gov; nicolas.garron@desy.de; christian.holbling@cern.ch; howard@bu.edu; lellouch@cpt.univ-mrs.fr; rebbi@pthind.bu.edu; shoresh@cgr.harvard.edu NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 086 PG 53 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 008IP UT WOS:000235034000086 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Nomura, Y Papucci, M Perez, G AF Chacko, Z Nomura, Y Papucci, M Perez, G TI Natural little hierarchy from a partially goldstone twin Higgs SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; Higgs physics ID COMPOSITE HIGGS; CONSEQUENCES; BREAKING; BOSON; SU(2); MODEL AB We construct a simple theory in which the fine-tuning of the standard model is significantly reduced. Radiative corrections to the quadratic part of the scalar potential are constrained to be symmetric under a global U( 4) x U( 4) 0 symmetry due to a discrete Z(2) "twin" parity, while the quartic part does not possess this symmetry. As a consequence, when the global symmetry is broken the Higgs fields emerge as light pseudo-Goldstone bosons, but with sizable quartic self-interactions. This structure allows the cutoff scale, Lambda, to be raised to the multi-TeV region without significant fine-tuning. In the minimal version of the theory, the amount of fine-tuning is about 15% for Lambda = 5TeV, while it is about 30% in an extended model. This provides a solution to the little hierarchy problem. In the minimal model, the "visible" particle content is exactly that of the two Higgs doublet standard model, while the extended model also contains extra vector-like fermions with masses approximate to ( 1 similar to 2) TeV. At the LHC, our minimal model may appear exactly as the two Higgs doublet standard model, and new physics responsible for cutting off the divergences of the Higgs mass-squared parameter may not be discovered. Several possible processes that may be used to discriminate our model from the simple two Higgs doublet model are discussed for the LHC and for a linear collider. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM zchacko@physics.arizona.edu; YNomura@lbl.gov; papucci@berkeley.edu; gperez@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 126 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 008IP UT WOS:000235034000126 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Goh, HS Harnik, R AF Chacko, Z Goh, HS Harnik, R TI A twin Higgs model from left-right symmetry SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; discrete and finite symmetries; global symmetries; Higgs physics ID COMPOSITE HIGGS; BREAKING; SU(2) AB We present twin Higgs models based on the extension of the Standard Model to left-right symmetry that protect the weak scale against radiative corrections up to scales of order 5TeV. In the ultra-violet the Higgs sector of these theories respects an approximate global symmetry, in addition to the discrete parity symmetry characteristic of left-right symmetric models. The Standard Model Higgs field emerges as the pseudo-Goldstone boson associated with the breaking of the global symmetry. The parity symmetry tightly constrains the form of radiative corrections to the Higgs potential, allowing natural electroweak breaking. The minimal model predicts a rich spectrum of exotic particles that will be accessible to upcoming experiments, and which are necessary for the cancellation of one-loop quadratic divergences. These include right-handed gauge bosons with masses not to exceed a few TeV and a pair of vector-like quarks with masses of order several hundred GeV. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chacko, Z (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM zchacko@physics.arizona.edu; hsgoh@physics.arizona.edu; roni@slac.stanford.edu NR 36 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 108 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 008IP UT WOS:000235034000108 ER PT J AU Hsu, JP Kallosh, R Sivanandam, N AF Hsu, JP Kallosh, R Sivanandam, N TI Features of de Sitter vacua in M-theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dS vacua in string theory; M-theory AB We compute the masses of all moduli in the unstable de Sitter vacua arising in the toy model of cosmological M-theory flux compactifications on the G(2) holonomy manifolds of [1]. The slow-roll parameters in the tachyonic directions are shown to be too large to be useful for conventional models of inflation. However, it appears that we can find fast roll regimes which could, under certain conditions, account for the current dark energy driven accelerated expansion of the universe. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hsu, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pihsu@stanford.edu; kallosh@stanford.edu; navins@stanford.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 123 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 008IP UT WOS:000235034000123 ER PT J AU Saltman, A Silverstein, E AF Saltman, A Silverstein, E TI A new handle on de sitter compactifications SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flux compactifications; dS vacua in string theory; superstring vacua ID CALABI-YAU THREEFOLDS; F-THEORY; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; FLUX; ORIENTIFOLDS; DIMENSIONS; 4-FOLDS; STRINGS; MODELS; VACUA AB We construct a large new class of de Sitter ( and anti de Sitter) vacua of critical string theory from flux compactifications on products of Riemann surfaces. In the construction, the leading erects stabilizing the moduli are perturbative. We show that these er effects self-consistently dominate over standard estimates for further alpha' and quantum corrections, via tuning available from large flux and brane quantum numbers. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Saltman, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM saltman@stanford.edu; evas@slac.stanford.edu NR 70 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 IS 1 AR 139 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 008IP UT WOS:000235034000139 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Bollen, J Van de Sompel, H AF Rodriguez, MA Bollen, J Van de Sompel, H TI The convergence of digital libraries and the peer-review process SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pre-print repositories; peer-review process; Open Archives Initiative; OAI-PMH ID JOURNAL IMPACT AB Pre-print repositories have seen a significant increase in use over the past fifteen years across multiple research domains. Researchers are beginning to develop applications capable of using these repositories to assist the scientific community above and beyond the pure dissemination of information. The contributions set forth by this paper emphasize a deconstructed publication model in which the peer-review process is mediated by an Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) peer-review service. This peer-review service uses a social-network algorithm to determine potential reviewers for a submitted manuscript and for weighting the influence of each participating reviewer's evaluations. This paper also suggests a set of peer-review specific metadata tags that can accompany a pre-print's existing metadata record. The combinations of these contributions provide a unique repository-centric peer-review model that fits within the widely deployed OAI-PMH framework. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Vrije Univ Brussels, Ctr Evolut Complex & Cognit, Brussels, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM okram@soe.ucsc.edu NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 EI 1741-6485 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1177/0165551506062327 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 032RV UT WOS:000236793300004 ER PT J AU Baer, G Wilson, T Maitland, D Matthews, D AF Baer, G Wilson, T Maitland, D Matthews, D TI Shape memory polymer neurovascular stents. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 SU S MA 483 BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 011XH UT WOS:000235301500496 ER PT J AU Chen, ZM Brown, DN Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ AF Chen Zhong-min Brown, David N. Wu Ya-qiao Kramer, Matthew J. TI Microstructure and magnetic properties of rapidly quenched Pr9Fe91-xBx (x=4-12) nanocomposite magnets SO JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Workshop on Rare Earth Permanenr Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Metals, Chinese Soc Rare Earths, Cent Iron & Steel Res Inst, Adv Technol & Mat Co Ltd, Yantai Shougang Magnet Mat Inc, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Ketian Magnet Co Ltd, Tianjin Jinbin Magentron Co Ltd, Beijing Magnet Techol Co Ltd DE RE-Fe-B; nanocomposite magnet; rapid solidification ID PHASE; RIBBONS; ALLOYS AB The microstructure and magnetic properties of rapidly quenched nanocomposites Pr9Fe91-xBx (x=4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8.5, 9, 10.5 and 12) have been studied in this work. The results showed that the phases present in the Pr9Fe91-xBx nanocomposites were strongly dependent on the B content. The samples consist of Pr2Fe14B and alpha-Fe phases when the B content was low (4-8 at%), and Pr2Fe14B, alpha-Fe and Fe3B when the B content was sufficiently high (>11 at%). The metastable Pr2Fe23B3 phase appears in the intermediate B content (8-10.5 at%) and is associated with poor magnetic performance. It was further found that this metastable phase can be transformed into Pr2Fe14B, alpha-Fe and Fe3B by annealing the sample at temperatures above 750 'C, leading to a more square demagnetization curve. However, the B, of such nanocomposites decreases slightly due to the excessive grain growth during high-temperature annealing. A comparison of microstructure and magnetic properties between Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe and Pr2Fe14B/Fe3B was also made in this work. It was found that the Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe exhibited a finer and more uniform microstructure with an average grain size of similar to 10 nm, whereas a relatively coarse microstructure (grain size up to 100 nm) was observed in the Pr2Fe14B/Fe3B. It was also found that the Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe yielded higher B-r, (BH)(max) and a more square demagnetization loop, although the H-ci was slightly lower. The superior magnetic properties observed in the Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe can be attributed to the more favorable intrinsic magnetic properties of alpha-Fe (higher M-s and lower K) and the much finer microstructure which produces stronger inter-grain exchange coupling between the Pr2Fe14B and alpha-Fe phases. The results indicate that RE2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites are more desirable than RE2Fe14B/Fe3B for future development of RE-Fe-B nanocomposite magnets. C1 Magnequench Technol Ctr, Singapore 117525, Singapore. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, ZM (reprint author), Magnequench Technol Ctr, 61 Sci Pk Rd,01-17 Galen, Singapore 117525, Singapore. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOURNAL IRON STEEL RESEARCH EDITORIAL BOARD PI BEIJING PA NO. 76 XUEYUAN SOUTH-ROAD, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-706X J9 J IRON STEEL RES INT JI J. Iron Steel Res. Int. PY 2006 VL 13 SU 1 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S1006-706X(08)60178-8 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 143NQ UT WOS:000244729500026 ER PT J AU Guiochon, G Asnin, L AF Guiochon, G Asnin, L TI Investigation of the complexation between quinidine carbamate and the enantiomers of 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol by circular dichroism and UV spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE chiral selector; enantiorecognition; Job's method; mole-ratio method AB UV and circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements showed that the molecular interactions in hexane/ethyl-acetate solutions between dihydroquinidine tert-butylcarbamate, used as a model for the quinidine carbamate chiral selector (QD), and 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol are too weak to affect the corresponding spectra of these compounds. The weak interactions between QD and 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol are probably masked by the formation of self-associated dimeric structures in solution. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu OI Asnin, Leonid/0000-0001-6309-6140 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2006 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1385 EP 1391 DI 10.1080/10826070600674752 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 042FJ UT WOS:000237513000001 ER PT J AU Su, FH Ma, BS Ding, K Li, GH Wang, SP Chen, W Joly, AG McCready, DE AF Su, FH Ma, BS Ding, K Li, GH Wang, SP Chen, W Joly, AG McCready, DE TI Luminescence temperature and pressure studies of Zn2SiO4 phosphors doped with Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Zn2SiO4; Mn2+; Eu3+; hydrostatic pressures; luminescence; crystal field ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRUM AB Zn2SiO4:Mn2+, Zn2SiO4:Eu3+ and Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by a sol-gel process and their luminescence spectra were investigated. The emission bands from intra-ion transitions of Mn2+ and Eu3+ samples were studied as a function of pressure. The pressure coefficient of Mn2+ emission was found to be -25.3 +/- 0.5 and -28.5 +/- 0.9 meV/GPa for Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ and Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ Eu3+, respectively. The Eu3+ emission shows only weak pressure dependence. The pressure dependences of the Mn2+ and Eu3+ emissions in Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ Eu3+ are slightly different from that in Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ and Zn2SiO4:Eu3+ samples, which can be attributed to the co-doping of Mn2+ and Eu3+ ions. The Mn2+ emission in the two samples, however, exhibits analogous temperature dependence and similar luminescence lifetimes, indicating no energy transfer from Mn2+ to Eu3+ occurs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Su, FH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key lab Superlattices & Microstruct, POB 912, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM sufuhai@hotmail.com; ghli@red.semi.ac.cn; wchen@nomadics.com NR 29 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.03.010 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 983FG UT WOS:000233216100015 ER PT J AU Pawley, NH Clark, MD Michalczyk, R AF Pawley, NH Clark, MD Michalczyk, R TI Rectifying system-specific errors in NMR relaxation measurements SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; relaxation dispersion; protein dynamics; systematic error ID SPIN RELAXATION; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; LIGAND-BINDING; CONFORMATIONAL ENTROPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; CAVITY MUTANT; T4 LYSOZYME AB N-15 spin relaxation parameters provide a powerful too] for probing the internal dynamics and thermodynamics of proteins. The biological insight provided by these experiments often involves interpretation of small changes in relaxation parameters. This, in turn, requires careful data analysis, especially in the identification and treatment of systematic error. While progress continues on reduction of experiment-specific errors associated with pulse sequences, system-specific sources of error have received far less attention. The impact of these errors varies between facilities, spectrometers, and biological samples. We demonstrate that performing a series of control experiments along with relaxation measurements can help identify, quantify, and isolate sources of system-specific error, and, in some cases, correct for systematic changes. We further demonstrate that control experiments can be performed without significant loss of spectrometer time, and lead to more accurate relaxation parameter values. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Michalczyk, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-3,MS G758, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmichalczyk@lanl.gov OI Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002166]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32GM071263] NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 178 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.08.017 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 003ZV UT WOS:000234722700009 PM 16213172 ER PT J AU Park, TJ Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS AF Park, TJ Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS TI Purification strategies and purity visualization techniques for single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE GOLD PARTICLES; NEAR-IR SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; HYDROGEN STORAGE; NITRIC-ACID AB Traditionally, SWNTs have been prepared by electric arc-discharge, laser ablation, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, yielding tubes of various diameter and length distributions. However, without exception, as-prepared SWNTs are contaminated with a number of impurities, decreasing the overall yield of usable material. Impurities include transition metal catalysts, such as Fe, Co, and Ni, which are necessary for the growth of SWNTs as well as carbonaceous species such as amorphous carbon, fullerenes, multishell carbon nanocapsules, and nanocrystalline graphite. In this Feature Article, we highlight the role of microscopy in designing and facilitating the interpretation of the success of strategies, including (a) oxidative methods including liquid and gas phase oxidation, (b) chemical functionalization protocols, ( c) filtration and chromatography techniques, and (d) microwave heating methods, aimed at rationally purifying single-walled carbon nanotubes. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@bnl.gov NR 98 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 9 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1039/b510858f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 995JP UT WOS:000234096900001 ER PT J AU Spagnoli, D Cooke, DJ Kerisit, S Parker, SC AF Spagnoli, Dino Cooke, David J. Kerisit, Sebastien Parker, Stephen C. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between the surfaces of polar solids and aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CACO3 POLYMORPHS CALCITE; PERIODIC SLAB GEOMETRIES; HEMATITE 0001 SURFACE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; WATER INTERFACE; FREE-ENERGY; ADSORPTION; MODEL AB Molecular dynamics ( MD) simulations were performed on the interaction of two solid surfaces, namely the (00.1) hematite and (10.4) calcite surfaces, in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved NaCl. The structure and a number of properties of the interface were investigated. The size and amount of statistics needed for convergence of these calculations required the use of high performance computers. The two surfaces show different bonding mechanisms with the water, but both result in a distinctive layering of the water, which in turn modifies a range of surface behaviour including diffusivity and charge distribution. We find that the resulting charge distribution from the solvent has a greater control of the disposition of dissolved ions than either surface charge or ionic strength, within reasonable limits. Thus we see a characteristic double layer at neutral surfaces and the charge distribution oscillates into the bulk. Finally, preliminary work on calculating the free energy of dissolution of ions from the surface to the aqueous solution suggests that the presence of dissolved ions makes a small but significant reduction to the dissolution free energies. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Parker, SC (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM s.c.parker@bath.ac.uk RI Spagnoli, Dino/F-8641-2011; Parker, Steve/C-8180-2011; OI Spagnoli, Dino/0000-0001-6367-4748; Parker, Steve/0000-0003-3804-0975; Cooke, David/0000-0001-5996-7900 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 20 BP 1997 EP 2006 DI 10.1039/b600808a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 043IT UT WOS:000237595400016 ER PT J AU Aromi, G Stoeckli-Evans, H Teat, SJ Cano, J Ribas, J AF Aromi, G Stoeckli-Evans, H Teat, SJ Cano, J Ribas, J TI Di- and trinuclear Co-II complexes of a bis-beta-diketone ligand with variable conformation: structure and magnetic studies SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALLO-SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNET; COORDINATION; ASSEMBLIES; CLUSTERS; HELICATE; CHAIN AB The bis-beta-diketone-phenol ligand H3L reacts with Co(OAc)(2) to become part of di- or trinuclear complexes in various conformations, depending on the nature of the co-ligand present in the reaction. Thus, the following series of complexes have been synthesized: [Co-2(HL)(2)(Solv)(4)] (Solv = py, 1; MeOH, 2), [Co-2(HL)(2)(LL)(2)] (LL = bpy, 3; bpya, 4; Ph(2)bpy, 5; phen, 6) and [Co-3(HL)(3)] ( 7), of which 1, 3, and 7 have been crystallographically characterized. The solvent-controlled interconversion between the trinuclear complex and dinuclear complexes 1 or 2 has been demonstrated. The distortion of the Co-II coordination geometry within 1, 3, and 7 has been evaluated through Continuous Shape Measures, whereas their magnetic data have been treated with models that include spin - orbit coupling effects. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Chim, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. CCLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. RP Aromi, G (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM guillem.aromi@qi.ub.es RI Cano, Joan/A-4684-2012; Aromi, Guillem/I-2483-2015 OI Aromi, Guillem/0000-0002-0997-9484 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 26 BP 2635 EP 2644 DI 10.1039/b602831d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 057TD UT WOS:000238617200015 ER PT J AU Yuan, Z Burckel, DB Atanassov, P Fan, HY AF Yuan, Zhen Burckel, D. Bruce Atanassov, Plamen Fan, Hongyou TI Convective self-assembly to deposit supported ultra-thin mesoporous silica films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; PARTICLES; MECHANISM AB For practical consideration in applying mesoporous films for sensors, it is ideal to fabricate thinner films to achieve fast transport and therefore rapid response. Here we report a new, facile method to deposit mesoporous silica films with thickness less than 100 nm through combining convective self-assembly and surfactant/silica self-assembly. Through an interfacial capillarity defined in the wedge between two substrates, a meniscus of solutions containing silicate, surfactant, alcohol, and water is formed. While the solvent evaporates during the film formation, the solution from the bulk droplet spreads to the drying region, enriching the surfactant/silica concentration at the edge of the meniscus by the convective flux of solvent. The continuous evaporation, spreading, and enriching induce surfactant and silica self- assembly in the bulk droplet to form an ordered surfactant/silica liquid crystal mesophase film. After calcination, supported ultra-thin films are formed containing interconnected mesopore channels with high surface areas. The combined self- assembly process relies on the evaporation of the solvents to form ordered mesostructures, which enables the deposition of patterned films and ultimately makes this combined technique ideal for device fabrication. C1 Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu; hfan@sandia.gov RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 48 BP 4637 EP 4641 DI 10.1039/b612091a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 112PR UT WOS:000242539500001 ER PT J AU Kosarev, A Torres, A Hernandez, Y Ambrosio, R Zuniga, C Felter, TE Asomoza, R Kudriavtsev, Y Silva-Gonzalez, R Gomez-Barojas, E Ilinski, A Abramov, AS AF Kosarev, A Torres, A Hernandez, Y Ambrosio, R Zuniga, C Felter, TE Asomoza, R Kudriavtsev, Y Silva-Gonzalez, R Gomez-Barojas, E Ilinski, A Abramov, AS TI Silicon-germanium films deposited by low-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: Effect of H-2 and Ar dilution SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; 55 KHZ PECVD; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; NUCLEAR-REACTION; GLOW-DISCHARGE; THIN-FILMS; H FILMS; SI-H; ALLOYS; GROWTH AB We have studied structure and electrical properties of Si1-YGeY:H films deposited by low-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition over the entire composition range from Y = 0 to Y = 1. The deposition rate of the films and their structural and electrical properties were measured for various ratios of the germane/silane feed gases and with and without dilution by Ar and by H-2. Structure and composition was studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Surface morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found that the deposition rate increased with Y, maximizing at Y = I without dilution. The relative rate of Ge and Si incorporation is affected by dilution. Hydrogen preferentially bonds to silicon. Hydrogen content decreases for increasing Y. In addition, optical measurements showed that as Y goes for 0 to 1, the Fermi level moves from mid gap to the conduction band edge; i.e., the films become more n-type. No correlation was found between the pre-exponential and the activation energy of conductivity. The behavior of the conductivity gamma-factor suggests a local minimum in the density of states at E approximate to 0.33 eV for the films grown with or without H-dilution and E approximate to 0.25 eV for the films with Ar dilution. C1 INAOE, Puebla 7200, Mexico. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, CIDS, IC, Puebla 72000, Mexico. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72050, Mexico. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP INAOE, Puebla 7200, Mexico. EM akosarev@inaoep.mx RI Kudriavtsev, Yuriy/A-7389-2008; AMBROSIO, ROBERTO/C-9063-2015 OI AMBROSIO, ROBERTO/0000-0003-4942-6320 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 88 EP 104 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0013 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 002AD UT WOS:000234582900013 ER PT J AU Gruverman, A Kalinin, SV AF Gruverman, A Kalinin, SV TI Piezoresponse force microscopy and recent advances in nanoscale studies of ferroelectrics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BARIUM-TITANATE; DOMAIN; POLARIZATION; CRYSTALS; RECONSTRUCTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; 180-DEGREES AB In this paper, we review recent advances in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) with respect to nanoscale ferroelectric research, summarize the basic principles of PFM, illustrate what information can be obtained from PFM experiments and delineate the limitations of PFM signal interpretation relevant to quantitative imaging of a broad range of piezoelectrically active materials. Particular attention is given to orientational PFM imaging and data interpretation as well as to electromechanics and kinetics of nanoscale ferroelectric switching in PFM. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Alexei_Gruverman@ncsu.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750 NR 49 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 8 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-5946-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 024AC UT WOS:000236166300010 ER PT J AU Nederbragt, WW Ravani, B AF Nederbragt, WW Ravani, B TI Enumeration of contact geometries for kinematic registration using tactile sensing fixtures SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article AB This paper uses group theory for enumeration of contacts between geometric elements necessary for kinematic registration or part referencing in robotics. The results are applied to type synthesis of tactile sensing mechanical fixtures. Kinematic registration is an important step in robot calibration and in data driven automation. Although the scope of the paper is limited to geometric contacts involving points, lines, planar surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, and spherical surfaces, the techniques developed are general and can be applied to other geometric features and non-tactile sensing elements used in robotic calibration and part referencing. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ravani, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nederbragtl@llnl.gov; bravani@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1115/1.2148731 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 006OE UT WOS:000234906000006 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, Richard M. TI YIELD FUNCTIONS AND PLASTIC POTENTIALS FOR BCC METALS AND POSSIBLY OTHER MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE yield functions; plastic potentials; BCC Metals AB Yield functions and plastic potentials are expressed in terms of the invariants of the stress tensor for polycrystalline metals and other isotropic materials. The plastic volume change data of Richmond is used to evaluate the embedded materials properties for some bcc metals and one polymer. A general form for the plastic potential is found that is intended to represent and cover a wide range of materials types. C1 [Christensen, Richard M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Christensen, Richard M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM christensen6@llnl.gov FU University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.2140/jomms.2006.1.183 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA V14IM UT WOS:000207728100008 ER PT J AU Ohki, S Baker, GA Page, PM McCarty, TA Epand, RM Bright, FV AF Ohki, S. Baker, G. A. Page, P. M. McCarty, T. A. Epand, R. M. Bright, F. V. TI Interaction of influenza virus fusion peptide with lipid membranes: Effect of lysolipid SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE viral fusion peptide; membrane fusion and leakage; peptide adsorption onto membranes; fluorescence and monolayer studies ID NH2-TERMINAL EXTREMITY; CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; HEMAGGLUTININ; FLUORESCENCE; MECHANISM; VESICLES; BILAYER; LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; SPECTROSCOPY; LIPOSOMES AB The effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on lipid vesicle fusion and leakage induced by influenza virus fusion peptides and the peptide interaction with lipid membranes were studied by using fluorescence spectroscopy and monolayer surface tension measurements. It was confirmed that the wildtype fusion peptide-induced vesicle fusion rate increased several-fold between pH 7 and 5, unlike a mutated peptide, in which valine residues were substituted for glutamic acid residues at positions 11 and 15. This mutated peptide exhibited a much greater ability to induce lipid vesicle fusion and leakage but in a less pH-dependent manner compared to the wild-type fusion peptide. The peptide-induced vesicle fusion and leakage were well correlated with the degree of interaction of these peptides with lipid membranes, as deduced from the rotational correlation time obtained for the peptide tryptophan fluorescence. Both vesicle fusion and leakage induced by the peptides were suppressed by LPC incorporated into lipid vesicle membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. The rotational correlation time associated with the peptides tryptophan residue, which interacts with lipid membranes containing up to 25 mole % LPC, was virtually the same compared to lipid membranes without LPC, indicating that LPC-incorporated membrane did not affect the peptide interaction with the membrane. The adsorption of peptide onto a lipid monolayer also showed that the presence of LPC did not affect peptide adsorption. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Coll Arts & Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Ohki, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. EM sohki@buffalo.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PY 2006 VL 211 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00232-006-0862-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA 115GG UT WOS:000242722200006 PM 17091213 ER PT J AU Eijkel, K Hruby, J Kubiak, G Scott, M Saile, V Walsh, S AF Eijkel, K Hruby, J Kubiak, G Scott, M Saile, V Walsh, S TI Nanopatterning: Commercial and technological promise SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDUSTRY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1117/1.2185657 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 043SS UT WOS:000237622500001 ER PT J AU Eijkel, K Hruby, J Kubiak, G Scott, M Brokaw, J Saile, V Walsh, S White, C Walsh, D AF Eijkel, K Hruby, J Kubiak, G Scott, M Brokaw, J Saile, V Walsh, S White, C Walsh, D TI Commercial importance of a unit cell: nanolithographic patenting trends for microsystems, microfabrication, and nanotechnology SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nano patterning; nanotechnology; microsystems; microfabrication ID STRATEGIES; INDUSTRY AB Microsystems and nanosystems hold the promise of new and much more effective approaches to both commercial and national security applications. The patenting rate in nanotechnology is exploding, underscoring its commercial and scientific potential. Yet how much of this effort is focused on nanopatterning or a top-down approach to nanofabrication? Nanopatterning in semiconductor microfabrication has already furthered Moore's law, facilitating the transistor as that medium's unit cell. Yet the search for a unit cell for the other two small technical markets (microsystems and the more broadbased nanotechnology) has proven much more elusive. Do nanopatterning advances hold the key to these technology bases finally obtaining a unit cell? We explore the intellectual property base of nanopatterning and how it pertains to semiconductor microfabrication, microsystems, and nanotechnology. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7522 NM Enschede, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87199 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Eijkel, K (reprint author), Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, Hogekamp,SP,De Veldmaat 10, NL-7522 NM Enschede, Netherlands. EM walsh@unm.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 AR 011014 DI 10.1117/1.2183318 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 043SS UT WOS:000237622500014 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Soles, CL Lin, EK Hu, W Reano, RM Pang, SW Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP AF Jones, RL Soles, CL Lin, EK Hu, W Reano, RM Pang, SW Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP TI Pattern fidelity in nanoimprinted films using critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX CY MAR, 2005 CL San Jose, CA DE nanoimprint lithography; critical dimension metrology; x-ray scattering; sub-100-nm lithography ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; FLOW BEHAVIOR; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; RESOLUTION; METROLOGY; GRATINGS AB The primary measure of process quality in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is the fidelity of pattern transfer, comparing the dimensions of the imprinted pattern to those of the mold. Routine production of nanoscale patterns will require new metrologies capable of nondestructive dimensional measurements of both the mold and the pattern with subnanometer precision. In this work, a rapid, nondestructive technique termed critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) is used to measure the cross sectional shape of both a pattern master, or mold, and the resulting imprinted films. CD-SAXS data are used to extract periodicity as well as pattern height, width, and sidewall angles. Films of varying materials are molded by thermal embossed NIL at temperatures both near and far from the bulk glass transition (T-G). The polymer systems include a photoresist and two homopolymers. Our results indicate that molding at low temperatures (T-T-G < 40 degrees C) produces small-aspect-ratio patterns that maintain periodicity to within a single nanometer, but feature large sidewall angles. While the observed pattern height does not reach that of the mold until very large imprinting temperatures (T-T-G > 70 degrees C), the pattern width of the mold is accurately transferred for T-TG > 30 degrees C. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.jones@nist.gov RI Pang, Stella/A-7770-2012; Reano, Ronald/J-9286-2014 OI Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877; NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 AR 013001 DI 10.1117/1.2170550 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 043SS UT WOS:000237622500015 ER PT J AU Hall, GE Sears, TJ Yu, HG AF Hall, GE Sears, TJ Yu, HG TI Rotationally resolved spectrum of the (A)over-tilde(060)-(X)over-tilde(000) band of HCBr SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE bromomethylene; electronic spectrum; laser absorption spectroscopy; rotational structure ID DISPERSED FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION CELL; JET EXPANSION; BROMOMETHYLENE; DCBR; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; MOLECULES AB The rotationally resolved spectrum of the (060)(0)-(000) band in the A(1)A(")-X(1)A(') system of HCBr has been recorded in absorption using a frequency-modulated c.w. tunable dye laser. Both Br-79 and Br-81 isotopomer spectra were rotationally assigned and effective rotational constants determined. The spectrum contains both perpendicular and parallel rotational sub-band structures. The latter are partially due to axis-switching in the transition and Coriolis coupling in the excited state, but are relatively more intense and show a different J-dependence to that expected on the basis of these mechanisms. Intensity borrowing from a predicted but unobserved shorter wavelength transition explains the observations. We have calculated the energy and structure of HCBr in the state at the MRCI/cc-pVTZ level and find T-e(B-X) = 20908 cm(-1). The B-X band system should be experimentally observable. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sears, TJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sears@bnl.gov RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 235 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2005.08.017 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 017BL UT WOS:000235669000013 ER PT J AU Antony, J Nutting, J Baer, DR Meyer, D Sharma, A Qiang, Y AF Antony, Jiji Nutting, Joseph Baer, Donald R. Meyer, Daniel Sharma, Amit Qiang, You TI Size-dependent specific surface area of nanoporous film assembled by core-shell iron nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PARTICLES AB Nanoporous films of core-shell iron nanoclusters have improved possibilities for remediation, chemical reactivity rate, and environmentally favorable reaction pathways. Conventional methods often have difficulties to yield stable monodispersed core-shell nanoparticles. We produced core-shell nanoclusters by a cluster source that utilizes combination of Fe target sputtering along with gas aggregations in an inert atmosphere at 7 degrees C. Sizes of core-shell iron- iron oxide nanoclusters are observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specific surface areas of the porous films obtained from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) process are size-dependent and compared with the calculated data. Copyright (c) 2006. C1 [Antony, Jiji; Nutting, Joseph; Meyer, Daniel; Sharma, Amit; Qiang, You] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Baer, Donald R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Antony, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2006 SI 2 AR 54961 DI 10.1155/JNM/2006/54961 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 249GZ UT WOS:000252217600009 ER PT J AU Elam, JW Xiong, G Han, CY Wang, HH Birrell, JP Welp, U Hryn, JN Pellin, MJ Baumann, TF Poco, JF Satcher, JH AF Elam, Jeffrey W. Xiong, Guang Han, Catherine Y. Wang, H. Hau Birrell, James P. Welp, Ulrich Hryn, John N. Pellin, Michael J. Baumann, Theodore F. Poco, John F. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. TI Atomic layer deposition for the conformal coating of nanoporous materials SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID BINARY REACTION SEQUENCE; THIN-FILM GROWTH; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; EPITAXY; OXIDE; MEMBRANES AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is ideal for applying precise and conformal coatings over nanoporous materials. We have recently used ALD to coat two nanoporous solids: anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and silica aerogels. AAO possesses hexagonally ordered pores with diameters d similar to 40nm and pore length L similar to 70 microns. The AAO membranes were coated by ALD to fabricate catalytic membranes that demonstrate remarkable selectivity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane. Additional AAO membranes coated with ALD Pd films show promise as hydrogen sensors. Silica aerogels have the lowest density and highest surface area of any solid material. Consequently, these materials serve as an excellent substrate to fabricate novel catalytic materials and gas sensors by ALD. Copyright (c) 2006. C1 [Elam, Jeffrey W.; Hryn, John N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xiong, Guang; Han, Catherine Y.; Wang, H. Hau; Birrell, James P.; Welp, Ulrich; Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baumann, Theodore F.; Poco, John F.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Elam, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 38 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2006 SI 2 AR 64501 DI 10.1155/JNM/2006/64501 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 249GZ UT WOS:000252217600012 ER PT J AU Lu, GH Huebner, KL Ocola, LE Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M Chen, JH AF Lu, Ganhua Huebner, Kyle L. Ocola, Leonidas E. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Marija Chen, Junhong TI Gas sensors based on tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized from a mini-arc plasma source SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SNO2 NANOPARTICLES; VAPOR-PHASE; SIZE; NANOCRYSTALS; FILMS AB Miniaturized gas sensors or electronic noses to rapidly detect and differentiate trace amount of chemical agents are extremely attractive. In this paper, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a functional tin oxide nanoparticle gas sensor. Tin oxide nanoparticles are first synthesized using a convenient and low-cost mini-arc plasma source. The nanoparticle size distribution is measured online using a scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS). The product nanoparticles are analyzed ex-situ by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for morphology and defects, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for elemental composition, electron diffraction for crystal structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition. Nonagglomerated rutile tin oxide (SnO(2)) nanoparticles as small as a few nm have been produced. Larger particles bear a core-shell structure with a metallic core and an oxide shell. The nanoparticles are then assembled onto an e-beam lithographically patterned interdigitated electrode using electrostatic force to fabricate the gas sensor. The nanoparticle sensor exhibits a fast response and a good sensitivity when exposed to 100 ppm ethanol vapor in air. Copyright (c) 2006. C1 [Lu, Ganhua; Chen, Junhong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Lu, Ganhua; Chen, Junhong] Univ Wisconsin, Surface Studies Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Ocola, Leonidas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Marija] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Lu, GH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RI Chen, Junhong/A-5527-2008; Lu, Ganhua/B-4643-2010; Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Marija/H-9586-2014; OI Lu, Ganhua/0000-0003-3279-8427; Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2006 SI 2 AR 60828 DI 10.1155/JNM/2006/60828 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 249GZ UT WOS:000252217600010 ER PT J AU Xu, HF Vanamu, G Nie, ZM Konishi, H Yeredla, R Phillips, J Wang, YF AF Xu, Huifang Vanamu, Ganesh Nie, Ziming Konishi, Hiromi Yeredla, Rakesh Phillips, Jonathan Wang, Yifeng TI Photocatalytic oxidation of a volatile organic component of acetaldehyde using titanium oxide nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; VISIBLE-LIGHT; TIO2 PHOTOCATALYST; ADSORPTION MODELS; WATER; DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; MOLECULES; DIOXIDE; STEM AB Titanium oxide nanotubes are prepared and treated with Au (Au/nanotube sample) and Pt (Pt/nanotube sample), and the photoactivity of these catalysts compared to a standard Degussa P25 photocatalyst is investigated. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Both high-resolution TEM images and high-angle annular dark-field (HAAD) images were recorded for the specimens. Oxidation of acetaldehyde was used to test the efficiency of the catalysts. Nanotube samples showed better photoactivity than the standard P25, because the P25 titania deactivates quickly. Enhanced reactivity of the nanotube is related to surface charge polarity developed on outer and inner surfaces due to the difference in overlap of oxygen anions that resulted from curving of octahedral sheets. A tentative and qualitative surface polarity model is proposed for enhancing electron-hole pair separation. The inner surface benefits reduction; whereas, the outer surface benefits oxidation reactions. Both the metal identity and the size of the metal particles in the nanotubes affected the photocatalytic activity. Specifically, the addition of platinum increased the activity significantly, and increased the total yield. The addition of gold had lesser impact compared to the platinum. Formation of Pt large nanoparticles on the nanotube surfaces reduces the oxidation reactivity. Copyright (c) 2006. C1 [Xu, Huifang; Nie, Ziming; Konishi, Hiromi; Yeredla, Rakesh] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Xu, Huifang; Nie, Ziming; Konishi, Hiromi; Yeredla, Rakesh] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vanamu, Ganesh] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Yifeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, HF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2006 SI 2 AR 78902 DI 10.1155/JNM/2006/78902 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 249GZ UT WOS:000252217600013 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Baker, SL Stearns, DG Robinson, JC Olynick, DL Salmassi, F Liddle, JA Liang, T Stivers, AR AF Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Baker, SL Stearns, DG Robinson, JC Olynick, DL Salmassi, F Liddle, JA Liang, T Stivers, AR TI A silicon-based, sequential coat-and-etch process to fabricate nearly perfect substrate surfaces SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; mask; reticle; defect; smoothing ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; SI DEPOSITION PROCESS; MO-SI; MULTILAYER COATINGS; DEFECTS; FILMS AB For many thin-film applications substrate imperfections such as particles, pits, scratches, and general roughness, can nucleate film defects which can severely detract from the coating's performance. Previously we developed a coat-and-etch process, termed the ion beam thin film planarization process, to planarize substrate particles up to similar to 70 nm in diameter. The process relied on normal incidence etching; however, such a process induces defects nucleated by substrate pits to grow much larger. We have since developed a coat-and-etch process to planarize similar to 70 nm deep by 70 nm wide substrate pits; it relies on etching at an off-normal incidence angle, i.e., an angle of similar to 70 degrees, from the substrate normal. However, a disadvantage of this pit smoothing process is that it induces defects nucleated by substrate particles to grow larger. Combining elements from both processes we have been able to develop a silicon-based, coat-and-etch process to successfully planarize similar to 70 nm substrate particles and pits simultaneously to at or below 1 nm in height; this value is important for applications such as extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) masks. The coat-and-etch process has an added ability to significantly reduce high-spatial frequency roughness, rendering a nearly perfect substrate surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94555 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94555 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.059 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 012FM UT WOS:000235323600003 PM 16573066 ER PT J AU Bychkov, E Miloshova, M Price, DL Benmore, CJ Lorriaux, A AF Bychkov, E Miloshova, M Price, DL Benmore, CJ Lorriaux, A TI Short, intermediate and mesoscopic range order in sulfur-rich binary glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE diffraction and scattering measurements; chalcogenides; Raman spectroscopy ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LIQUID SULFUR; MOLECULAR COMPOSITION; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; GE-S; SCATTERING; GESE2 AB Pulsed neutron and high-energy X-ray diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, Raman spectroscopy and DSC were used to study structural changes on the short, intermediate and mesoscopic range scale for sulfur-rich AsSx (x >= 1.5) and GeSx (x >= 2) glasses. Two structural regions were found in the both systems. (1) Between stoichiometric (As2S3 and GeS2) and 'saturated' (AsS2.3 and GeS2.7) compositions, excessive sulfur atoms form sulfur dimers and/or short chains, replacing bridging sulfur in corner-sharing AsS3/2 and GeS4/2 units. (2) Above the `saturated' compositions at [As] < 30.5 at.% and [Ge] < 27 at.%, sulfur rings and longer sulfur chains (especially in the AsSx system) appear in the glass network. The glasses become phase separated with the domains of 20-50 (A) over circle, presumably enriched with sulfur rings. The longer chains S are not stable and crystallize to c-SS on ageing of a few days to several months, depending on composition. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Littoral, LPCA, UMR 8101, CNRS, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Rech Spectromet, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Bychkov, E (reprint author), Univ Littoral, LPCA, UMR 8101, CNRS, 189A Ave Maurice Schumann, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. EM EBychkov@anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.11.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 004UI UT WOS:000234777400009 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Chartier, A Meis, C Weber, WJ Corrales, LR AF Van Ginhoven, RM Chartier, A Meis, C Weber, WJ Corrales, LR TI Theoretical study of helium insertion and diffusion in 3C-SiC SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ION-SOLID INTERACTIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; DESORPTION SPECTROMETRY; IMPLANTATION DEFECTS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; STRUCTURAL MATERIAL; CARBON RINGS; REACTOR; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION AB Insertion and diffusion of helium in cubic silicon carbide have been investigated by means of density functional theory. The method was assessed by calculating relevant properties for the perfect crystal along with point defect formation energies. Results are consistent with available theoretical and experimental data. Helium insertion energies were calculated to be lower for divacancy and silicon vacancy defects compared to the other mono-vacancies and interstitial sites considered. Migration barriers for helium were determined by using the nudged elastic band method. Calculated activation energies for migration in and around vacancies (silicon vacancy, carbon vacancy or divacancy) range from 0.6 to 1.0 eV. Activation energy for interstitial migration is calculated to be 2.5 eV. Those values are discussed and related to recent experimental activation energies for migration that range from 1.1 [P. Jung, J. Nucl. Mater. 191-194 (1992) 377] to 3.2 eV [E. Oliviero, A. van Veen, A.V. Fedorov, M.F. Beaufort, J.F. Bardot, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 186 (2002) 223; E. Oliviero, M. F. Beaufort, J.F. Bardot, A. van Veen, AN. Fedorov, J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003) 23 1], depending on the SiC samples used and on helium implantation conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. UEPEM, INSTN Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chartier, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP, Bat 450Sud, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM achartier@carnac.cea.fr RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.09.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 004GD UT WOS:000234739100007 ER PT J AU Lexa, D Kropf, AJ AF Lexa, D Kropf, AJ TI Thermal, structural, and radiological properties of irradiated graphite from the ASTRA research reactor - Implications for disposal SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS AB The release of Wigner energy from the graphite of the inner thermal column of the ASTRA research reactor has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction between 25 degrees C and 725 degrees C at a heating rate of 10 degrees C min(-1). The graphite, having been subject to a fast-neutron fluence from similar to 10(17) to similar to 10(20) n cm(-2) over the life time of the reactor at temperatures not exceeding 100 degrees C, exhibits Wigner energies ranging from 25 to 572 J g(-1) and a Wigner energy accumulation rate of similar to 7 x 10(-17) J g(-1)/n cm(-2). The shape of the rate-of-heat-release curves, e.g., maximum at ca. 200 degrees C and a fine structure at higher temperatures, varies with sample position within the inner thermal column, i.e., the distance from the reactor core. Crystal structure of samples closest to the reactor core (fast-neutron fluence > 1.5-5.0 x 10(19) n cm(-2)) is destroyed while that of samples farther from the reactor core (fast-neutron fluence < 1.5-5.0 x 10(19) n cm(-2)) is intact, with marked swelling along the c-axis. The dependence of the c lattice parameter on temperature between 25 degrees C and 200 degrees C as determined by Rietveld refinement for the non-amorphous samples leads to the expected microscopic thermal expansion coefficient along the c-axis of similar to 26 x 10(-6) degrees C-1. However, at 200 degrees C, coinciding with the maximum in the rate-of-heat-release curves, the rate of thermal expansion abruptly decreases indicating a crystal lattice relaxation. The C-14 activity in the inner thermal column graphite ranges from 6 to 467 kBq g(-1). The graphite of the inner thermal column of the ASTRA research reactor has been treated by heating to 400 degrees C for 24 h in a hot-cell facility prior to interim storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nucl Engn Seibersdorf GmbH, Dept Radioact Waste Management, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lexa, D (reprint author), Nucl Engn Seibersdorf GmbH, Dept Radioact Waste Management, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. EM dusan.lexa@arcs.ac.at RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.09.010 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 004GD UT WOS:000234739100016 ER PT J AU Allen, TR Cole, JI Trybus, CL Porter, DL Tsai, H Garner, F Kenik, EA Yoshitake, T Ohta, J AF Allen, TR Cole, JI Trybus, CL Porter, DL Tsai, H Garner, F Kenik, EA Yoshitake, T Ohta, J TI The effect of dose rate on the response of austenitic stainless steels to neutron radiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; INDUCED SEGREGATION; IRRADIATION CREEP; DISPLACEMENT RATE; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; BOR-60 AB Depending on reactor design and component location, austenitic stainless steels may experience significantly different irradiation dose rates in the same reactor. Understanding the effect of dose rate on radiation performance is important to predicting component lifetime. This study examined the effect of dose rate on swelling, grain boundary segregation, and tensile properties in austenitic stainless steels through the examination of components retrieved from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) following its shutdown. Annealed 304 stainless steel, stress-relieved 304 stainless steel, 12% cold-worked 316 stainless steel, and 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel were irradiated over a dose range of 1-56 dpa at temperatures from 371 to 440 degrees C and dose rates from 0.5 to 5.8 x 10(-7) dpa/s. Density and tensile properties were measured for 304 and 316 stainless steel. Changes in grain boundary composition were examined for 304 stainless steel. Swelling appears to increase at lower dose rates in both 304 and 316 stainless steel, although the effect was not always statistically significant. Grain boundary segregation also appears to increase at lower dose rate in 304 stainless steel. For the range of dose rates examined, no measurable dose rate effect on tensile properties was noted for any of the steels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. Cent Res Inst, Elect Power Inst, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM allen@engr.wisc.edu OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846 NR 60 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.09.011 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 004GD UT WOS:000234739100018 ER PT J AU Kawano, T Chiba, S Koura, H AF Kawano, T Chiba, S Koura, H TI Phenomenological nuclear level densities using the KTUY05 nuclear mass formula for applications off-stability SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE level density; off-stability; pairing correction; shell energy; KTUY mass formula; nuclear temperature; Gilbert-Cameron formula ID SYSTEMATICS; SHELL; DEFORMATIONS; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB A new parametrization for the phenomenological nuclear level density taking account of the shell and pairing energies of the recent nuclear mass formula of Koura, Tachibana, Uno, and Yamada (KTUY05) is proposed. Such a level density formula is often required to calculate nuclear reaction cross sections for nuclei off-stability, especially for fission systems and astrophysical applications. With the phenomenological level density formula of Gilbert-Cameron with the energy dependent level density parameter of Ignatyuk, a smooth dependence of the asymptotic level density parameter a* on the mass number is obtained. At low energies, systematics for the constant temperature model are also derived by connecting the Fermi gas level density and the discrete level information available for more than 1,000 nuclei. Some comparisons with the discrete level data and the microscopic model are made to validate our approach, and it is concluded that the parametrization obtained can be used for nuclear reaction calculations on stable or unstable nuclei within a reasonable uncertainty. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Kawano, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kawano@lanl.gov RI Koura, Hiroyuki/I-6708-2012; Chiba, Satoshi/E-8193-2014 OI Koura, Hiroyuki/0000-0003-1057-4000; NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.3327/jnst.43.1 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 024ZQ UT WOS:000236235500001 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA Kimura, RH Tran, AT AF Camarero, J. A. Kimura, R. H. Tran, A. T. TI Cell-based approach for biosynthesis/screening cyclic peptide libraries against bacterial toxins SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PY 2006 VL 12 SU S BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075SN UT WOS:000239905600027 ER PT J AU Klukas, C Junker, BH Schreiber, F AF Klukas, Christian Junker, Bjoern H. Schreiber, Falk TI The VANTED software system for transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics analysis SO JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics; biological networks; data analysis; visualization ID EXPRESSION; TOOL; GENOMICS; BIOLOGY AB Current research in biology generates data sets of increasing size that are very difficult to manage and analyze manually. Bioinformatics tools are necessary to facilitate statistical analysis and visualization of the data. While multiple tools exist for this purpose, they are often limited to specific kinds of data or allow only certain types of analyses. Recently, we have reported on the development of VANTED, a software system that allows mapping of multi-dimensional data sets onto relevant biological networks. VANTED provides a variety of functions for network editing, data mapping and processing, statistical analysis, and visualization. This review summarizes the main features of VANTED. (c) Pesticide Science Society of Japan. C1 Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schreiber, F (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, Corrensstr 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. EM schreibe@ipk-gatersleben.de NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOKYO UNIV AGR DEPT OF AGR CHEM, TOKYO, 156, JAPAN SN 1348-589X J9 J PESTIC SCI JI J. Pestic. Sci. PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1584/jpestics.31.289 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078OZ UT WOS:000240114400007 ER PT J AU Moreo, A AF Moreo, A TI Complexity in transition metal oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE oxides; superconductors; phase transitions ID PHASE-SEPARATION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MODEL; STATE AB A vast array of experimental and theoretical results in manganites has shown that the colossal magnetoresistance effect can be understood based on the competition of insulating and ferromagnetic phases. The general aspects of the theoretical description appear to be valid for any compound with intrinsic phase competition. In high temperature superconductors, recent experiments have shown the existence of intrinsic inhomogeneities in many materials, revealing a phenomenology quite similar to that of manganese oxides. We will review briefly the results for manganites in order to propose a similar scenario in the high T-c cuprates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Moreo, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.138 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600008 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T TI Phonon mechanism of high-T-C superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID O SYSTEM; POLARIZATION; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; OXIDES; STATES; MODEL AB The majority opinion in the field of high-temperature superconductivity has long been that it is a purely electronic phenomenon involving only spins. But this view is now seriously challenged by recent experimental observations of strong electron-phonon coupling and nano-scale electronic inhomogeneity. It is possible that the electron-phonon coupling in the cuprates is unconventional and plays a key role in superconductivity. We propose that a real space polaronic pairing involving the Cu-O bond-stretching phonon modes and the electronic states near the van Hove singularity may explain both spatial inhomogeneity and superconductivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.133 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600013 ER PT J AU Brouet, V Yang, WL Zhou, XJ Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Brouet, V Yang, WL Zhou, XJ Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Dependence of the band structure of C-60 monolayers on molecular orientations and doping observed by angle resolved photoemission SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE fullerenes; photoelectron spectroscopy; electronic structure ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; SURFACE AB We present angle resolved photoemission studies Of C-60 monolayers deposited on Ag surfaces. The electronic structure of these monolayers is derived from the partial filling of the narrow, 6-fold degenerated, C-60 conduction band. By comparing the band structure in two monolayers deposited, respectively, on Ag(111) and Ag(100), we show that the molecular degree of freedom, in this case the relative orientations between C-60 molecules, is essential to describe the band structure. We further show that the evolution of the band as a function of doping does not follow a rigid band-filling picture. Phase separation is observed between a metallic and an insulating phase, which might be a result of strong correlations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, UMR 8502, Bat 510, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM brouet@lps.u-psud.fr; zxshen@stanford.edu RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.170 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600054 ER PT J AU Kuprin, AP Hasan, MZ Chuang, YD Qian, D Foo, M Cava, RJ AF Kuprin, AP Hasan, MZ Chuang, YD Qian, D Foo, M Cava, RJ TI Low-lying electronic structure of triangular cobaltite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE oxides; superconductors; photoelectron spectroscopy; electronic structure; Fermi surface AB We report detailed Fermi surface topology and quasiparticle dynamics of the host cobaltate Na0.7CoO2. A direct mapping of the Fermi surface is carried out by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Fermi surface at 16 K is a hole-pocket centered around the F-point. A highly correlated nature of the electron liquid in this system is evidenced from strong on-site Coulomb interaction seen through a valence satellite and via renormalization of the quasiparticle dispersion. The quasiparticle band disperses less than 100 meV and exists in the T-linear regime of resistivity up to 120 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. PMI, Princeton Ctr Complex Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM apkouprine@lbl.gov RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.158 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600058 ER PT J AU Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Zhou, XJ Kaneko, N Eisaki, H Greven, M Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Zhou, XJ Kaneko, N Eisaki, H Greven, M Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Normal state spectral lineshapes of nodal quasiparticles in single layer Bi2201 superconductor SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; SURFACE-STATE; SELF-ENERGY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DISPERSION; PHONONS AB A detailed study of the normal state photoemission lineshapes and quasiparticle dispersion for the single layer Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+delta (Bi2201) superconductor is presented. We report the first experimental evidence of a double peak structure and a dip of spectral intensity in the energy distribution curves (EDCs) along the nodal direction. The double peak structure is well identified in the normal state, up to 10 times the critical temperature. As a result of the same self-energy effect, a strong mass renormalization of the quasiparticle dispersion, i.e. kink, and an increase of the quasiparticle lifetime in the normal state are also observed. Our results provide unambiguous evidence on the existence of bosonic excitation in the normal state, and support a picture where nodal quasiparticles are strongly coupled to the lattice. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov; zxshen@stanford.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.129 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600059 ER PT J AU Kapitulnik, A Fang, A Howald, C Greven, M AF Kapitulnik, A Fang, A Howald, C Greven, M TI STM studies of near-optimal doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) ID QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; T-C; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; VORTEX CORES; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; PSEUDOGAP; SCALE AB In this paper, we summarize our Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) studies of the density of electronic states in nearly optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in zero field. We report on the inhomogeneity of the gap structure, density of states modulations with four-lattice constant period, and coherence peak modulation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kapitulnik, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aharonk@stanford.edu NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.144 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600085 ER PT J AU Gu, GD Hucker, M Kim, YJ Tranquada, JM Dabkowska, H Luke, GM Timusk, T Gaulin, BD Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR AF Gu, GD Hucker, M Kim, YJ Tranquada, JM Dabkowska, H Luke, GM Timusk, T Gaulin, BD Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR TI Crystal growth and superconductivity of (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE oxide; superconductor ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The effects of growth conditions and composition on the crystal growth of (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x=0.05-0.15) superconducting materials have been studied by using the floating zone method. A smooth solid-liquid growth interface of (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x=0.05-0.06) tended to break down into a cellular interface when the growth velocity was higher than 0.5 mm/h. When the solid-liquid inter-face became cellular, the single crystal size in an as-grown rod decreased abruptly and the as-grown rod was not single phase. Various sized CaO inclusions were found inside the as-grown single crystals of (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x >= 0.075). Cubic centimeter size single crystals were successfully grown for both (La0.95Ca0.05)(2)CaCu2O6+delta and (La0.9Ca0.06)(2)CaCu2O6+delta. The as-grown single crystals of (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+delta under 1 bar pressure of oxygen were not superconducting. The superconducting temperature of the (La1-xCax)(2)CaCu2O6+y crystals grown at 11 bar oxygen is 28 K. The application of high pressure oxygen during crystal growth is an effective method to get bulk superconductivity in the crystals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gu, GD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ggu@bnl.gov RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762; Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173; Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.153 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600107 ER PT J AU Pena, V Sefrioui, Z Arias, D Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ Garcia-Hernandez, M Martinez, JL AF Pena, V Sefrioui, Z Arias, D Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ Garcia-Hernandez, M Martinez, JL TI Strain induced phase separation in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 ultra thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE manganites; colossal magnetoresistance; strain; phase separation ID MANGANITES; THICKNESS AB Magnetic and transport properties are investigated in epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films grown on SrLaAlO4 under high in plane compressive strain (-3.1 %). Films with thickness in the range 2-6.5 nm show a two dimensional coherent growth mode and are significantly strained as shown by the expansion of the out of plane lattice parameter. We provide evidence for phase separation induced by the inhomogeneous strain field, free of artefacts related to composition changes at grain boundaries or structurally disordered regions characteristic of island growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Santamaria, J (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jacsan@fis.ucm.es RI Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017; Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Martinez, Jose/B-5371-2013; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339; Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Martinez, Jose/0000-0001-9046-8237; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.022 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600118 ER PT J AU Cubitt, R Dewhurst, CD Eskildsen, MR Levett, SJ Matadeen, A Jun, J Kazakov, SM Karpinski, J Bud'ko, SL Anderson, NE Canfield, PC AF Cubitt, R Dewhurst, CD Eskildsen, MR Levett, SJ Matadeen, A Jun, J Kazakov, SM Karpinski, J Bud'ko, SL Anderson, NE Canfield, PC TI Penetration depth anisotropy in MgB2 single crystals and powders SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE superconductors; neutron scattering ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We present small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of the vortex lattice in single crystal and powder samples of MgB2-a two band superconductor. SANS is a powerful method allowing us to measure directly the distribution of vortex separations and hence the anisotropy of the penetration depth, gamma(lambda). Single crystal results show the expected rise of gamma(lambda), with applied field as the weaker, almost isotropic, pi-band is suppressed. Results from the powder samples do not show as significant a rise in gamma(lambda) with field. We believe this originates from 'averaged' properties of the penetration depth experienced by vortices in each multi-crystallite powder grain. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM cubitt@ill.fr RI cubitt, robert/B-9408-2008; Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Kazakov, Sergey/A-4139-2014; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Kazakov, Sergey/0000-0002-0553-7881; NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.042 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600124 ER PT J AU Koyamai, T Nakamura, M Mito, T Wada, S Sarrao, JL AF Koyamai, T Nakamura, M Mito, T Wada, S Sarrao, JL TI Competition between the valence transition and the magnetic ordering of YbInCu4 probed by Cu-63 NQR at high pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID PHASE-TRANSITION; YBXIN1-XCU2 AB We have performed Cu-63 NQR measurement to investigate the pressure effect on the electronic state of YbInCu4. Applying pressure lowers the valence transition temperature T, and stabilizes the localized electron state. For the pressure above 2.4 GPa, in the pressure-stabilized localized electron state, 1/T-1, shows near temperature-independent behavior and exhibits a divergent increase at 2.4 K due to the critical slowing down of magnetic moment fluctuations. These results suggest that the localized electron state of YbInCu4 directly transforms into the magnetically ordered state without taking any intermediate heavy-Fermion or superconducting states. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Grad Sch Sci & Technol,Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koyamai, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM Koyama@cphys.cla.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 500 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.047 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600126 ER PT J AU Tranquada, JM Woo, H Perring, TG Goka, H Gu, GD Xu, G Fujita, M Yamada, K AF Tranquada, JM Woo, H Perring, TG Goka, H Gu, GD Xu, G Fujita, M Yamada, K TI Universal magnetic excitation spectrum in cuprates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE oxides; superconductors; neutron scattering; magnetic properties ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FERMI-SURFACE; SPIN; LA2-XSRXCUO4; STRIPES; ORDER; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; COHERENCE; DYNAMICS AB We have recently used inelastic neutron scattering to measure the magnetic excitation spectrum of La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 up to 200 meV. This particular cuprate is of interest because it exhibits static charge and spin stripe order. The observed spectrum is remarkably similar to that found in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x and La2-xSrxCuO4; the main differences are associated with the spin gap. We suggest that essentially all observed features of the magnetic scattering from cuprate superconductors can be described by a universal magnetic excitation spectrum multiplied by a spin gap function with a material-dependent spin-gap energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jtran@bnl.gov RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 511 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.068 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600129 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Harrison, N McDonald, R Goddard, PA Bangura, A Coldea, A Montgomery, LK Chi, X AF Singleton, J Harrison, N McDonald, R Goddard, PA Bangura, A Coldea, A Montgomery, LK Chi, X TI Recent high-magnetic-field studies of unusual groundstates in quasi-two-dimensional crystalline organic metals and superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN DE superconductivity; charge-density waves ID BEDT-TTF BIS(ETHYLENE-DITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; X-RAY; CONDUCTORS; ALPHA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)TLHG(SCN)(4); DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; STATE AB After a brief introduction to crystalline organic superconductors and metals, we shall describe two recently-observed exotic phases that occur only in high magnetic fields. The first involves measurements of the non-linear electrical resistance of single crystals of the charge-density-wave (CDW) system (Per)(2)Au(mnt)(2) in static magnetic fields of up to 45 T and temperatures as low as 25 mK. The presence of a fully gapped CDW state with typical CDW electrodynamics at fields higher than the Pauli paramagnetic lit-nit of 34 T suggests the existence of a modulated CDW phase analogous to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. Secondly, measurements of the Hall potential of single crystals of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KHg(SCN)(4), made using a variant of the Corbino geometry in quasi-static magnetic fields, show persistent current effects that are similar to those observed in conventional superconductors. The longevity of the currents, large Hall angle, flux quantization and confinement of the reactive component of the Hall potential to the edge of the sample are all consistent with the realization of a new state of matter in CDW systems with significant orbital quantization effects in strong magnetic fields. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA 35,MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kpaul@lanl.gov RI Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015; OI Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.166 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600134 ER PT J AU Thompson, JD Ekimov, EA Sidorov, VA Bauer, ED Morales, LA Wastin, F Sarrao, JL AF Thompson, JD Ekimov, EA Sidorov, VA Bauer, ED Morales, LA Wastin, F Sarrao, JL TI Superconductivity: PuCoGa5 to diamond SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE AB We review experimental and theoretical studies of two new superconductors, B-doped diamond and PuMGa5 (M=Co, Rh). The pairing mechanism responsible for superconductivity in these materials remains ambiguous. Though electron-phonon pairing in B-doped diamond is a viable candidate, the Coulomb interaction in this poor metal must be understood before definitive conclusions can be drawn. The 5f electrons of Pu appear to play a decisive, but uncertain, role in producing superconductivity in PuMGa5. The possibility of magnetically mediated superconductivity in these materials is suggested by analogy to the evolution of superconductivity and magnetism in isostructural Ce- and actinide-based materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Thompson, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. EM jdt@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 557 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.105 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600138 ER PT J AU Agosta, CC Martin, C Radovan, HA Paim, EC Murphy, TP Tozer, SW Cooley, JC Schlueter, JA Petrovic, C AF Agosta, CC Martin, C Radovan, HA Paim, EC Murphy, TP Tozer, SW Cooley, JC Schlueter, JA Petrovic, C TI Penetration depth studies of organic and heavy fermion superconductors in the Pauli paramagnetic limit SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID HIGH-FIELD SUPERCONDUCTORS; TUNNEL-DIODE OSCILLATOR; PULSED MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTRON-SPIN; VORTICES AB We report penetration depth and resistivity measurements on a number of organic and heavy fermion superconductors in the Pauli paramagnetic limit using a self resonant tank circuit based on a tunnel diode oscillator (TDO). We call a superconductor Pauli limited when the interaction of the applied magnetic field with the electron spin limits the superconducting state, in contrast to orbital limiting, the traditional effect where vortices eventually destroy the superconducting state. In the Pauli limit, H-c2 can change from a second order to a first order phase transition at low temperatures, or in a very clean sample a new superconducting state with a spatially varying order parameter has been predicted, which we refer to as the FFLO state. We have done extensive experiments that show a range of Pauli limited behavior in anisotropic superconductors. Our results for alpha-(ET)(2)NH4Hg(SCN)(4), K-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2), and CeCoIn5 show that the nature of the Pauli limiting state is sensitive to the mean freepath in the sample. In CeCoIn5 we have observed clear evidence of the FFLO state using our TDO method, and our data agrees with specific heat and magnetization measurements. We also show that the application of pressure will suppress the Pauli limiting in K-(ET)(2)CU(NCS)(2). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Clark Univ, Dept Phys, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM cagosta@clarku.edu RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 586 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.156 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600145 ER PT J AU Wu, D Wang, NL Li, G Luo, JL Zheng, P Chen, XH Wang, CH Luo, XG Jin, R Mandrus, D AF Wu, D Wang, NL Li, G Luo, JL Zheng, P Chen, XH Wang, CH Luo, XG Jin, R Mandrus, D TI Infrared properties of NaxCoO2 single crystals with x=0.5, 0.7, and 0.85 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 04) CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN AB We present in-plane optical measurements on NaxCoO2 single crystals with x = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.85. We found that the spectral weight associated with the conducting carriers increases with decreasing Na contents. Anomalous charge dynamics for samples in the metallic regime was revealed. For x = 0.5 compound in the charge ordered state, the reflectance was strongly suppressed below 250 cm(-1), resulting in a gap in conductivity spectrum. Similar but weak features have been found for x = 0.85 sample below 20 K. The optical data highlight the importance of charge ordering tendencies of Co ions in NaxCoO2. In addition, a strong coupling effect of electron with a bosonic mode was also revealed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Struct Res Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM nlwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Li, Gang/E-3033-2015 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 635 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.092 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 032AP UT WOS:000236746600158 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Triple points and plutonium equilibrium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTION; EQUATIONS; PU(V) AB Equilibrium prevails at all points in plutonium predominance region diagrams. Triple points combine equilibrium with equal fractions of three Pu oxidation states. A rearrangement equation can be used to describe plutonium at a triple point. Two-reaction-product disproportionation equations are not satisfactory for that purpose. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 267 IS 2 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0048-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 002HS UT WOS:000234602900006 ER PT J AU Adu-Wusu, K Hassan, NM Nash, CA Marra, JC AF Adu-Wusu, K Hassan, NM Nash, CA Marra, JC TI Sorption of cesium from aqueous waste solution on a SuperLig (R) 644 resin SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE; SILICA-GEL; REMOVAL; SEPARATION AB The removal of cesium from aqueous waste solution was investigated in a column setup using a relatively coarse SuperLig (R) 644 resin. The bed volume (BV=140) at the onset of breakthrough surpassed the design requirement of 100 BV at 50% breakthrough, and also corresponds to 99.96% cesium removal. Cesium elution with 0.5M HNO(3)was satisfactory with a peak BV of 2.5. The elution BV for C/C-0=0.01 was 10, which is less than the target of 15 BV. The percent of sorbed cesium eluted was 99.88%. Further, the BV of the various solutions used for the supporting process steps was sufficient. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Adu-Wusu, K (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM kofi.adu-wusu@srs.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 267 IS 2 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0059-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 002HS UT WOS:000234602900018 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Su, HB Vaudin, MD Chiang, CK Welch, DR Fuller, ER Yang, Z Bennett, LH AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Su, HB Vaudin, MD Chiang, CK Welch, DR Fuller, ER Yang, Z Bennett, LH TI Phase transformations in the high-T-c superconducting compounds, Ba2RCu3O7-delta (R = Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, Ho, and Er) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ac magnetic susceptibility; orthorhombic/tetra-gonal transformation; oxygen ordering; phase transformation of Ba2RCu3O7-delta (R=lanthanides); strain effect on phase transition; transition temperature ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; OXYGEN-DEFICIENT YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; BULK SUPERCONDUCTOR; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; CURRENT-DENSITY; TRANSITION AB The phase transformation between the orthorhombic and tetragonal structures of six high-T-c superconductors, Ba2RCu3O7-delta, where R=Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, Ho, and Er, and delta=0 to 1, has been investigated using techniques of x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA) and electron diffraction. The transformation from the oxygen-rich orthorhombic phase to the oxygen-deficient tetragonal phase involves two orthorhombic phases. A superlattice cell caused by oxygen ordering, with a'=2a, was observed for materials with smaller ionic radius (Y, Ho, and Er). For the larger lanthanide samples (Nd, Sm, and Gd), the a'=2a type superlattice cell was not observed. The structural phase transition temperatures, oxygen stoichiometry and characteristics of the T-c plateaus appear to correlate with the ionic radius, which varies based on the number of f electrons. Lanthanide elements with a smaller ionic radius stabilize the orthorhombic phase to higher temperatures and lower oxygen content. Also, the superconducting temperature is less sensitive to the oxygen content for materials with smaller ionic radius. The trend of dependence of the phase transformation temperature on ionic radius across the lanthanide series can be explained using a quasi-chemical approximation (QCA) whereby the strain effect plays an important role on the order-disorder transition due to the effect of oxygen content on the CuO chain sites. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Su, Haibin/0000-0001-9760-6567 NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 111 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.111.004 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 032WI UT WOS:000236806500004 PM 27274916 ER PT J AU Gee, MJR Gawthorpe, RL Friedmann, SJ AF Gee, MJR Gawthorpe, RL Friedmann, SJ TI Triggering and evolution of a giant submarine landslide, offshore Angola, revealed by 3D seismic stratigraphy and geomorphology SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN DEBRIS FLOW; SLIDE; SEA; MECHANISMS; DEPOSITS; EROSION; MARGIN AB The source area of a large submarine landslide complex has been imaged in the subsurface off Angola using 3D seismic data. The 3D seismic data reveal erosional slide scars, landslide blocks, and debris flows involving > 20 km(3) material, affecting an area > 430 km(2). The basal and internal structure is imaged in detail showing basal erosion and evidence for at least three phases of landslide failure. Landslide internal structure reveals evidence for seafloor remobilization during the initial phase of submarine landslide failure. Missing strata and downslope-trending striations 15 m deep and 9 km long on the basal sliding surface record the initial failure over an area > 130 km(2). The basal striations originate from and extend downslope from a major growth fault trending NW-SE. We speculate that fluid flow or seismicity associated with this growth fault triggered landsliding. The landslide deposit consists of large blocks (similar to 1 to > 5 km across and similar to 100 to 150 m thick) which have slid, rotated, and deformed in the landslide within a chaotic debris-flow matrix. A smoother debris-flow morphology extends from the erosional scars and blocks to the SE beyond the boundaries of the survey area. A rough estimate of landslide geometry indicates that the deposit volume is double the volume of erosional slide scars within 5 km of source. The observations from this study are summarized in a process-oriented landslide model. Results provide insight into the triggering, evolution, and runout potential of giant submarine landslides. C1 Univ Manchester, Basin & Stratig Studies Grp, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gee, MJR (reprint author), Univ Brunei Darussalam, Dept Petr Geosci, Bander Seri Begawan 2028, Brunei. EM martinjrgee@yahoo.co.uk RI Gawthorpe, Robert/L-7598-2016 OI Gawthorpe, Robert/0000-0002-4352-6366 NR 34 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 17 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.2110/jsr.2006.02 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA 018EM UT WOS:000235746800002 ER PT J AU Palmer, DA Rard, JA AF Palmer, DA Rard, JA TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmer, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10953-006-9386-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 016RL UT WOS:000235637500001 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, G Alkire, RW Evans, G Rotella, FJ Lazarski, K Zhang, RG Ginell, SL Duke, N Naday, I Lazarz, J Molitsky, MJ Keefe, L Gonczy, J Rock, L Sanishvili, R Walsh, MA Westbrook, E Joachimiak, A AF Rosenbaum, G Alkire, RW Evans, G Rotella, FJ Lazarski, K Zhang, RG Ginell, SL Duke, N Naday, I Lazarz, J Molitsky, MJ Keefe, L Gonczy, J Rock, L Sanishvili, R Walsh, MA Westbrook, E Joachimiak, A TI The Structural Biology Center 19ID undulator beamline: facility specifications and protein crystallographic results SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray beamline; protein crystallography; MAD/SAD; X-ray optics ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; 30S RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION DATA; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; POSITION MONITOR; DATA-COLLECTION; DESIGN; MAD AB The 19ID undulator beamline of the Structure Biology Center has been designed and built to take full advantage of the high flux, brilliance and quality of X-ray beams delivered by the Advanced Photon Source. The beamline optics are capable of delivering monochromatic X-rays with photon energies from 3.5 to 20 keV (3.5-0.6 angstrom wavelength) with fluxes up to 8-18x10(12) photons s(-1) (depending on photon energy) onto cryogenically cooled crystal samples. The size of the beam (full width at half-maximum) at the sample position can be varied from 2.2 mm x 1.0 mm (horizontal x vertical, unfocused) to 0.083 mm x 0.020 mm in its fully focused configuration. Specimen-to-detector distances of between 100 mm and 1500 mm can be used. The high flexibility, inherent in the design of the optics, coupled with a kappa-geometry goniometer and beamline control software allows optimal strategies to be adopted in protein crystallographic experiments, thus maximizing the chances of their success. A large-area mosaic 3x3 CCD detector allows high-quality diffraction data to be measured rapidly to the crystal diffraction limits. The beamline layout and the X-ray optical and endstation components are described in detail, and the results of representative crystallographic experiments are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, SER CAT, Athens, GA 30602 USA. LR Design, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Walsh, Martin/I-1566-2013; OI Walsh, Martin/0000-0001-5683-1151; Evans, Gwyndaf/0000-0002-6079-2201 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074942-02, U54 GM074942] NR 61 TC 104 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 BP 30 EP 45 DI 10.1107/S0909049505036721 PN 1 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 995YD UT WOS:000234140300005 PM 16371706 ER PT J AU Huang, R Bilderback, DH AF Huang, R Bilderback, DH TI Single-bounce monocapillaries for focusing synchrotron radiation: modeling, measurements and theoretical limits SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray; focusing; capillary; microbeam; optics ID GLASS-CAPILLARY OPTICS; X-RAY OPTICS; POLYCAPILLARY OPTICS; DIFFRACTION; MICRODIFFRACTION; BEAM; MICROSCOPY AB Single-bounce hollow glass capillaries with ellipsoidal shapes have been used at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source recently for various microbeam experiments, with focal spot sizes from 12 to 23 mm, divergences from 2 to 8 mrad, intensities up to 450 times the intensities of incident X-rays, and working distances up to 55 mm. Simple formulae are developed in this paper to explain capillary performance given the X-ray source size, capillary dimensions and slope errors. Capillary length is optimized for best focusing performance. Capillary fabrication accuracy is reported and capillary X-ray tests confirm the focusing properties expected from formulae. The application of capillaries to third-generation X-ray sources and future energy-recovery linac X-ray sources are discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Huang, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CARS,IMCA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rhuang@anl.gov NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1107/S0909049505038562 PN 1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 995YD UT WOS:000234140300010 PM 16371711 ER PT J AU Dimmick, SL Ignatova, KD AF Dimmick, Susan L. Ignatova, Kunka D. TI The diffusion of a medical innovation: where teleradiology is and where it is going SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article ID TELEMEDICINE; RADIOLOGY AB Teleradiology is one of the more successful applications of telemedicine as measured by a bibliometric analysis of teleradiology research publications. The organizational diffusion of innovation framework is helpful in understanding the diffusion of teleradiology. Teleradiology had become part of the practices of two-thirds of radiologists who responded to the American College of Radiology survey in 1999. It is clear that teleradiology has become routinized even though quantitative data are hard to find. Telecardiology may be the next successfully diffused form of telemedicine. The potential cloud on the horizon for telediagnostics is political pressure to avoid outsourcing to foreign countries, particularly those to which US information technology jobs have already been transferred. How the outsourcing issue is resolved will have a significant effect on teleradiology specifically, and, perhaps, telemedicine generally. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Commun & Informat, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Dimmick, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, ORISE, 901 McFee Rd, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. EM dimmicks@orau.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1258/135763306778393090 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 088IN UT WOS:000240805500006 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR Du, JC AF Corrales, LR Du, JC TI Characterization of ion distributions near the surface of sodium-containing and sodium-depleted calcium aluminosilicate melts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SILICATE-GLASSES AB The distribution of cation and anion components of sodium calcium aluminosilicate was studied by classical molecular dynamics simulations in a high-temperature melt in the bulk and at the vacuum-melt interface. A significant redistribution of the sodium and non-bridging oxygen (NBO) ions was observed. Subsequently, a sodium depleted calcium aluminosilicate melt was simulated to determine the sensitivity of the redistribution of ions near the vacuum-melt interface to the presence of sodium ions. It is found that the thermodynamic equilibrium condition near the melt surface favors the enrichment of NBO ions that is closely associated with enrichment of the sodium ions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00695.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 000SL UT WOS:000234482600006 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH De Jonghe, LC Lee, CS AF Hsueh, CH De Jonghe, LC Lee, CS TI Modeling of thermal stresses in joining two layers with multi- and graded interlayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; FILMS; SI3N4-AL2O3; FABRICATION; CURVATURE; GRADIENTS; SYSTEMS AB The technique of introducing interlayers has been used extensively to mitigate residual thermal stresses in joining dissimilar materials. Finite-element analyses have often been used to quantify thermal stresses in these layered structures in case-by-case studies. Recently, simple analytical models containing only three unknowns have been developed to derive closed-form solutions for elastic thermal stresses in both multilayer systems and two layers joined by a graded junction. The analytical solutions are exact for locations away from the free edges of the system. Application of these solutions is shown here to provide a systematic study of thermal stresses in Si3N4 and Al2O3 layers joined by various sialon polytypoid-based multi- and graded interlayers. The effects of the thickness, stiffness, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the interlayer on thermal stresses in the system are examined. The differences in thermal stresses resulting from multi- and graded interlayers are shown. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LG Elect Inst Technol, Devices & Mat Lab, Seoul 137724, South Korea. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00658.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 000SL UT WOS:000234482600039 ER PT J AU Lin, HT Ferber, MK Becher, PF Price, JR van Roode, M Kimmel, JB Jimenez, OD AF Lin, HT Ferber, MK Becher, PF Price, JR van Roode, M Kimmel, JB Jimenez, OD TI Characterization of first-stage silicon nitride components after exposure to an industrial gas turbine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL RELIABILITY; OXIDATION; RECESSION; CERAMICS; PRESSURE; CARBIDE AB This paper provides a summary of recent efforts undertaken to examine the mechanical properties and microstructural stability of first-stage silicon nitride blades and nozzles after field testing in an industrial gas turbine. Two commercially available silicon nitrides, i.e., Kyocera SN282 vanes and SN281 blades, were successfully evaluated in the 100 h final phase engine test at Solar Turbines Incorporated. The turbine rotor inlet temperature was increased from 1010 degrees to 1121 degrees C at 100% speed during the engine test with efficiency increasing from 28.8% to 30.1%. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that apparent materials recession still occurred during the 100 h engine test, especially in the leading and trailing edge regions where the gas pressure or velocity was the highest. The apparent material recession of the airfoils resulted from the volatilization of the normally protective silica layer, evidenced by the increased surface roughness and porous Lu2Si2O7 surface layer features. On the other hand, mechanical results generated using a ball-on-ring test technique showed that little strength degradation was measured after the 100 h engine test. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Solar Turbines Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Lin, HT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM linh@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00678.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 000SL UT WOS:000234482600040 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Reynolds, EM Schultz, PL Jansen, AN Dees, DW AF Abraham, DP Reynolds, EM Schultz, PL Jansen, AN Dees, DW TI Temperature dependence of capacity and impedance data from fresh and aged high-power lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; MANGANESE OXIDE; ELECTRODES; INTERCALATION; DECOMPOSITION; ELECTROLYTES; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; RISE; EIS AB Lithium-ion cells for hybrid electric vehicle applications must deliver and accept current pulses at relatively high rates and over a range of temperatures. We examined the effect of test temperature from room temperature to 55 C on the performance of three electrode cells (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2-based positive electrode, Li4/3Ti5/3O4-based negative electrode, and Li-Sn alloy reference electrode) by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Increasing the test temperature reduced cell impedance, which improved its power delivery capability. The higher test temperatures reduced the width of the midfrequency impedance arc in the positive-electrode EIS data but did not affect the low-frequency Warburg impedance portion. We discuss the impedance reductions and capacity gains from the higher temperature measurements in terms of the electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abraham@cmt.anl.gov RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP A1610 EP A1616 DI 10.1149/1.2210668 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100027 ER PT J AU Arise, I Fukunaka, Y McLarnon, FR AF Arise, I Fukunaka, Y McLarnon, FR TI Ionic mass transfer accompanying anodic dissolution of zinc in alkaline solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE; STATE; MODEL AB Holographic interferometry was applied in situ to measure the ionic mass-transfer rates near upward-facing zinc anodes dissolving at high current densities in aqueous KOH solutions. The time-varying interference fringe patterns were converted to individual concentration profiles of Zn(OH)(4)(2-), K+, and OH- ions. The measured ionic concentration profiles agreed well with those predicted by a transient diffusion model for a multicomponent electrolyte. When a zinc anode was electrochemically dissolved in 3 wt % KOH electrolyte, the anode potential abruptly shifted in the noble direction, immediately followed by gas evolution. The onset time for this potential rise and accompanying gas evolution agreed well with the calculated time interval required to drive the OH- ion concentration to zero at the zinc electrode surface. The present model can be applied to not only optimize zinc cell designs but also develop a control method for trouble-free, safe operation of a zinc battery without gas evolution. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2131819] All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arise, I (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. EM fukunaka@energy.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP A69 EP A74 DI 10.1149/1.2131819 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YV UT WOS:000234142400011 ER PT J AU Bang, HJ Joachin, H Yang, H Amine, K Prakash, J AF Bang, HJ Joachin, H Yang, H Amine, K Prakash, J TI Contribution of the structural changes of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes on the exothermic reactions in Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS; CHARGED CATHODES; OXIDE CATHODES; LITHIUM; ELECTROLYTES; SAFETY; EXTRACTION; LIXCOO2 AB The exothermic reaction mechanism of the delithiated cathode LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 in the presence of an electrolyte has been investigated. The contributions of the delithiated cathode and electrolyte to the overall thermal runaway mechanism were evaluated using an accelerating rate calorimeter and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The cathode LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 was also chemically delithiated to evaluate the influence of each component of the composite cathode as well as the structural changes during the exothermic reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed that delithiated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 lost its weight at elevated temperatures, varying with the state of charge. The X-ray diffraction and DSC studies show that the exothermic reaction of the delithiated cathode sample started very close to the onset temperature of the structural change in the delithiated cathode as detected by the X-ray powder diffraction. Based on the results of this study, a reaction mechanism leading to the thermal runaway of the delithiated cathode is also proposed. C1 IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bang, HJ (reprint author), IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM prakash@iit.edu RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 18 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 9 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP A731 EP A737 DI 10.1149/1.2171828 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600014 ER PT J AU Belharouak, I Vissers, D Amine, K AF Belharouak, I. Vissers, D. Amine, K. TI Thermal stability of the Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 cathode in the presence of cell components SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-OXIDE DERIVATIVES; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LI; LIXNI0.89AL0.16O2; ELECTROLYTE; PERFORMANCE; LIXNI1.02O2; EXPANSION AB The Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 cathode, a potential candidate for hybrid electric vehicle applications, has been electrochemically charged in powder form without a carbon additive and binder. The thermal stability of the resulting Li-0.53 (Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 powder was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction techniques under different gas flows. The transformation of Li-0.53 (Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2-layered material to the NiO-type structure material and/or to nickel metal was correlated to the oxidizing/reducing properties of the TGA gas flow under which the thermal decomposition of the Li-0.53(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 occurred. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed on Li-0.53(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 powder in the presence of solvent, salt, or binder independently. The reactivity at 170 degrees C between Li-0.53(Ni(0.8)Co(0.15)A1(0.05))O-2 and ethylene carbonate (EC) solvent was found to be dependent on the Li-0.53(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 oxide/EC weight ratio. The exothermic reaction observed in the presence of other solvents was not greatly affected, as long as the oxide/solvent weight ratios were kept very close to one another. The LiPF6 salt, when added to the charged oxide powder, was found to shift the exothermic reaction to 220 degrees C when it was dissolved in the electrolyte and 270 degrees C when it was added in the solid form. When polyvinylidene fluoride binder was added to Li-0.53(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 powder, the exothermic reaction occurred at high temperatures (340 degrees C). The initiation of the exothermic reaction has been primarily attributed to the oxidation of the electrolyte by the oxygen gas released from Li-0.53(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O-2 after the collapse of its layered structure. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 11 BP A2030 EP A2035 DI 10.1149/1.2336994 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 091VS UT WOS:000241057000004 ER PT J AU Bervas, M Mansour, AN Yoon, WS Al-Sharab, JF Badway, F Cosandey, F Klein, LC Amatucci, GG AF Bervas, M Mansour, AN Yoon, WS Al-Sharab, JF Badway, F Cosandey, F Klein, LC Amatucci, GG TI Investigation of the lithiation and delithiation conversion mechanisms of bismuth fluoride nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POSITIVE ELECTRODES; METAL FLUORIDES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LI; VOLTAGE; WINXAS; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Combined in situ X-ray diffraction, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and selected area electron diffraction analyses have confirmed the occurrence of a reversible conversion reaction in the BiF3/C nanocomposite upon cycling, which leads to the formation of Bi-0 and LiF during lithiation and the reformation of BiF3 during delithiation. It has been shown that only the high-pressure tysonite phase of BiF3 reforms during the oxidation sweep and that no bismuth fluoride compound with an oxidation state of the bismuth lower than 3 is formed as intermediate during the lithiation or delithiation reactions. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the different plateaus or pseudo plateaus observed on the lithiation and delithiation voltage profiles stem from polarization changes brought about by the dramatic structural changes occurring in the nanocomposite upon cycling. A model, based on the variation of the electronic and ionic transport mechanisms as a function of the state of completion of the conversion and reconversion reactions, is proposed to explain those polarization changes. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bervas, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM gamatucc@rci.rutgers.edu RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP A799 EP A808 DI 10.1149/1.2167951 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600024 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Amine, K AF Chen, ZH Amine, K TI Electrochemical and kinetic studies of Li1.156Mn1.844O4 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI-ION CELLS; CATHODE MATERIALS; SPINEL LIMN2O4; CAPACITY; BATTERIES; ORIGIN; GRAPHITE; SURFACE; REGION AB The electrochemical and kinetic properties of a lithium-rich spinel material, Li1.156Mn1.844O4, were investigated to illustrate the impact of the excessive lithium on the performance of spinel-based lithium-ion cells. It was found that the capacity retention of such mesocarbon microbead/spinel cells was significantly deteriorated when the upper cutoff voltage was raised from 4.1 to 4.3 V at 55 degrees C. The significant difference on the capacity retention was attributed to the irreversible reaction at about 4.22 V, which was further related to the electrochemical reaction of lithium-rich spinel at high voltages. The low rate cycling of Li/spinel cells at different temperatures showed the evolution of at least three irreversible peaks above 4.2 V. Moreover, the Li/spinel cells showed continuous impedance growth after extraction of the excessive lithium. The kinetic study showed that the irreversible peaks shifted toward low potential as the temperature increased. It is predicted that the first irreversible peak shows up at about 4.25 V vs Li/Li+ at 55 degrees C. It suggests that the upper cutoff voltage of such graphite/ spinel cells should be limited to 4.1 V at 55 degrees C. The kinetic study also indicates that such graphite/spinel cells can be cycled up to 4.4 V at 25 degrees C without triggering any detrimental impact. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 7 BP A1279 EP A1283 DI 10.1149/1.2197608 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 048KF UT WOS:000237945300005 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Amine, K AF Chen, ZH Amine, K TI Tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane as an additive to improve the power capabilities of lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANION RECEPTOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; PAIR DISSOCIATION; ELECTROLYTE; CONDUCTIVITY; CELLS; SALTS; FAMILY; CARBON AB Tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) was investigated as an electrolyte additive to improve the power capabilities of lithium-ion batteries. As discussed here, TPFPB is adopted as an anion receptor to dissolve the LiF in passivation films, which create transport problems for both electrons and lithium ions. We found that the power capabilities of lithium-ion batteries could be dramatically improved by adding a controlled amount of TPFPB. Moreover, the addition of TPFPB also improves the cycling performance of graphite/Li-1.1[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](0.9)O-2 lithium-ion cells. Although the use of TPFPB as an anion receptor has been reported to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, we demonstrate that excessive TPFPB also significantly raises the interfacial impedance of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, high TPFPB concentrations are not recommended for high-power lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 26 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP A1221 EP A1225 DI 10.1149/1.2194633 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 038NK UT WOS:000237229300041 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Amine, K AF Chen, ZH Amine, K TI Capacity fade of Li1+xMn2-xO4-based lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; CATHODE MATERIALS; SPINEL LIMN2O4; BATTERIES; MANGANESE; ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE; FILM; TEMPERATURES; MN AB Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), soft carbon coated nature graphite (GDR), and soft carbon were investigated as the negative electrodes for spinel/carbon cells with the aim to understand the capacity loss mechanism of carbon/spinel cells at elevated temperatures. The high-temperature cycling performance of MCMB/spinel cell and GDR/spinel cell was improved by formatting the cells at 55 degrees C. In this case, a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was believed to form at 55 degrees C and hence protected the carbon electrodes from attack by the solvents and Mn2+. Particularly, the cycling performance of the cells was dramatically improved by limiting the upper cutoff voltage of the cells to 4.1 V. The poor performance of the cells cycled to 4.3 V was believed to be related to the extra electrochemical reactions of lithium removal from the lithium-rich manganese oxide spinel that occurs at about 4.5 V vs Li. The relationship between the accelerated capacity fade and extra electrochemical reaction of lithium-rich spinel is also discussed in this manuscript. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2147073] All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP A316 EP A320 DI 10.1149/1.2147073 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 001NK UT WOS:000234543400017 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Wang, QZ Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Wang, Qingzheng Amine, K. TI Understanding the stability of aromatic redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS; CHEMICAL OVERCHARGE; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; BATTERIES; ADDITIVES; ELECTROLYTE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY AB Molecular orbital theory is employed to improve understanding of the stability of aromatic compounds as redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells and batteries. The theoretical calculations clearly demonstrate that the pi-pi interaction between the aromatic ring and the substitution groups is critical to maximize the stability of radical cations, which are generated when the aromatic redox shuttles are oxidized at the positive electrode. It is also demonstrated that the unsubstituted hydrogen atoms on the aromatic ring also contribute significantly to the instability of the radical cations. The model suggests that full substitution on the aromatic ring or protection of the H atoms with bulky groups is highly desirable for the stability of the redox shuttles. Using the calculation results as a guide, a novel stable redox shuttle with a redox potential of 4.46 V vs Li+/Li was developed. The preliminary experimental results show that lithium-ion cells incorporating this redox shuttle are robust to overcharge even at elevated temperatures. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 12 BP A2215 EP A2219 DI 10.1149/1.2352048 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 101RF UT WOS:000241757400007 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Sun, YK Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Sun, Y. -K. Amine, K. TI Electrochemical properties of lithium-rich Li1+x(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)(1-x)O-2 at high potential SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; INSERTION MATERIAL; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; COPRECIPITATION; CRYSTAL; DIFFRACTION AB The electrochemical properties of lithium-rich Li-1.1(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)(0.9)O-2 positive electrode material were carefully investigated to understand its performance limitations as an advanced positive electrode material for lithium- ion batteries. The experimental evidence on the initial irreversible capacity loss, the capacity retention, and the ac impedance data consistently demonstrated that Li-1.1(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)(0.9)O-2 had an intrinsic critical upper cutoff potential at about 4.3 V vs Li+/Li, beyond which the electrochemical performance of the active material deteriorated significantly. This detrimental impact at high potential (> 4.3 V vs Li+/Li) was related to the oxidative reaction of the electrolyte by the highly delithiated positive electrode material. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hanyang Univ, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP A1818 EP A1822 DI 10.1149/1.2234567 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000005 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Hardy, JS Singh, P AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Hardy, JS Singh, P TI Material degradation during isothermal aging and thermal cycling of hybrid mica seal with Ag interlayer under SOFC exposure conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; WATER-VAPOR; STABILITY AB Hybrid phlogopite mica seals with silver interlayers were evaluated in terms of material degradation in a combined isothermal aging and thermal cycling test. The hybrid mica was composed of a phlogopite mica paper sandwiched between two Ag foils. The hybrid micas were first aged at 800 degrees C for similar to 1000 h in a low hydrogen fuel (similar to 2.7% H-2/bal.Ar (+) similar to 3% H2O), followed by short-term thermal cycling between similar to 100 and 800 degrees C. The combined test was repeated three times for a total of 4000 h aging at 800 S C and 119 thermal cycles. The results of high-temperature leak rates showed very good thermal stability and thermal cycle stability with 800 degrees C leak rates of similar to 0.02-0.03 sccm/cm. The hybrid mica was also tested in a high-water-content fuel (30 vol % H2O/70 vol % H-2) and demonstrated similar leakage during the isothermal aging and the subsequent thermal cycles. Postmortem analyses showed no extensive reaction of Ag with phlogopite mica as well as the mica degradations. The issues of volatility of Ag and mica in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) environments were discussed. Simple models were simulated to estimate the effect of leakage on the open-circuit voltage and the total fuel loss at various SOFC stack sizes. The results showed very minute fuel loss for the current hybrid micas and demonstrated it to be a good candidate for SOFC sealing. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, K2-44, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013; Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP A1591 EP A1598 DI 10.1149/1.2210571 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100024 ER PT J AU Christensen, J Srinivasan, V Newman, J AF Christensen, J Srinivasan, V Newman, J TI Optimization of lithium titanate electrodes for high-power cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI-ION; LI4TI5O12; BATTERIES AB A full-cell mathematical model is used to compare the performance of graphite (LixC6) and lithium titanate (Li4+3xTi5O12) negative electrodes, with a doped lithium manganese oxide (Liy+0.16Mn1.84O4) positive electrode. The cell designs are optimized over electrode thickness and porosity, and several particle sizes are examined for the lithium titanate/manganese oxide system. Although the graphite-based cell contains a higher specific energy than the titanate-based cell, the latter performs better at high rates (> 12C) when submicrometer particle sizes are used for both the positive and negative electrode. In light of this and several life-related advantages possessed by the Li4+3xTi5O12 electrode, it is recommended for development as a high-power energy storage system. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Christensen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jake.christensen@gmail.com RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008; Christensen, Jake/A-5481-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525; NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 3 BP A560 EP A565 DI 10.1149/1.2172535 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 009TP UT WOS:000235136600018 ER PT J AU Christophersen, JP Ho, CD Motloch, CG Howell, D Hess, HL AF Christophersen, JP Ho, CD Motloch, CG Howell, D Hess, HL TI Effects of reference performance testing during aging using commercial lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE ANALYSES; HIGH-POWER; IMPEDANCE RISE; CAPACITY FADE; BATTERIES AB The Advanced Technology Development Program, under the oversight of the U. S. Department of Energy's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, is investigating lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicle applications. Cells are aged under various test conditions, including temperatures and states-of-charge. Life testing is interrupted at regular intervals to conduct reference performance tests (RPTs) which are used to measure changes in the electrical performance of the cells and determine degradation as a function of test time. Although designed to be unobtrusive, data from the Advanced Technology Development Generation 2 (Gen 2) cells indicated that RPTs actually contributed to cell degradation and failure. A study was performed at the Idaho National Laboratory using commercially available lithium-ion cells to determine the impact of RPTs on life. A series of partial RPTs was performed at regular intervals during life testing and compared to a control group that was life tested without RPT interruption. It was determined that certain components of the RPT were detrimental to cell performance. Consequently, a new "mini" RPT was designed as a less obtrusive alternative that did not include those detrimental components. Initial testing with commercial cells indicates that the mini RPT has less negative impact than the Gen 2 cell RPT. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Christophersen, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jon.christophersen@inl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 7 BP A1406 EP A1416 DI 10.1149/1.2201473 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 048KF UT WOS:000237945300024 ER PT J AU Chung, KY Lee, HS Yoon, WS McBreen, J Yang, XQ AF Chung, KY Lee, HS Yoon, WS McBreen, J Yang, XQ TI Studies of LiMn2O4 capacity fading at elevated temperature using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL FATIGUE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SPINEL ELECTRODES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CELLS; DISSOLUTION; ABSORPTION; STABILITY; CATHODE; LOSSES AB Using in situ X-ray diffraction, the capacity fading mechanism of LiMn2O4 under various conditions has been studied. The capacity fading can be monitored by the structural changes during cycling. At the beginning of cycling, the structural changes closely follow the charge-discharge curve: the main structure starts in cubic I, transfers to cubic II, and ends as cubic III during charge, and reverses the course during discharge. These phase transitions track the charging and discharging curves with small hysteresis. However, with an increased amount of capacity fading during cycling, the structural changes deviate from the charge-discharge curve: Bragg peaks representing cubic I and II remain present at the end of charge, when the whole cathode should have been transferred to cubic III. Similarly, the residues of cubic II and III were observed at the end of discharge. The amount of residues increases with increasing capacity fading by cycling at 55 degrees C, overcharging to 5.2 V, or after multiple cycling at normal condition. Adding a tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) compound in electrolyte can reduce the residues and washing the cathode with solvent can partially restore the lost capacity in the subsequent cycling, showing the important role of electrolyte decomposition in capacity fading. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chung, KY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 21 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP A774 EP A780 DI 10.1149/1.2172565 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600020 ER PT J AU Chung, KY Yoon, WS McBreen, J Yang, XQ Oh, SH Shin, HC Il Cho, W Cho, BW AF Chung, Kyung Yoon Yoon, Won-Sub McBreen, James Yang, Xiao-Qing Oh, Si Hyoung Shin, Ho Chul Il Cho, Won Cho, Byung Won TI Structural studies on the effects of ZrO2 coating on LiCoO2 during cycling using in situ X-ray diffraction technique SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATHODE; BATTERIES; PHASES AB The effects of ZrO2-coating on the surface of LiCoO2 have been studied using synchrotron-based in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Although both ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 and uncoated LiCoO2 showed capacity fading during high voltage (4.8 V) cycling, the ZrO2 coated one showed better cycle performance. After observing capacity fade for both samples through 10 charge-discharge cycles, in situ XRD patterns were collected during the 11th charge with reduced current density. With reduced current density, both samples restored part of their lost capacity. However, in situ XRD data shows that the ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 sample has much better structural change behaviors than the uncoated LiCoO2. The partial restoration of the lost capacity and the recovered structural variations observed at reduced current density clearly indicates that the lost capacity is very closely related to the increased polarization, which is most likely due to the precipitation of the electrolyte decomposition products on the surface of LiCoO2 cathode material. ZrO2 coating layer may provide some protection for the LiCoO2 cathode surface and help to reduce the electrolyte decomposition at higher voltages. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chung, KY (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 11 BP A2152 EP A2157 DI 10.1149/1.2338661 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 091VS UT WOS:000241057000022 ER PT J AU Eickes, C Piela, P Davey, J Zelenay, P AF Eickes, C Piela, P Davey, J Zelenay, P TI Recoverable cathode performance loss in direct methanol fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ACID-SOLUTIONS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; OXIDE-GROWTH; DEPENDENCE; ELECTROREDUCTION; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISM AB This paper addresses the performance loss due to oxidation of a platinum cathode catalyst in continuous operation of the direct methanol fuel cell. Saturation oxide coverage is reached within 2 h at oxidizing potentials of the cathode in the absence of gas-phase oxygen. This rate of platinum oxide formation is too fast to fully explain the slow rate of cathode performance degradation. There is an indication that oxide reconstruction may be responsible for long-term cathode performance degradation beyond the initial 2 h. Cathode performance loss in the oxygen reduction reaction is fully recoverable via reduction of platinum oxide formed on the surface. Because the methanol anode is a relatively easily polarizable electrode, it cannot serve as a counter electrode for lowering the cathode potential with an external voltage source. However, the oxidized Pt can be reduced to its catalytic form by air-starving the cathode and consuming the remaining oxygen in the oxidation of crossover methanol. The subsequent depletion of oxygen in the cathode plenum leads to a potential drop below the level required for complete reduction of surface Pt oxides (hydroxides). (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63403 Hanau, Germany. EM zelenay@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP A171 EP A178 DI 10.1149/1.2136073 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YV UT WOS:000234142400027 ER PT J AU Gorokhovsky, VI Gannon, PE Deibert, MC Smith, RJ Kayani, A Kopczyk, M VanVorous, D Yang, ZG Stevenson, JW Visco, S Jacobson, C Kurokawa, H Sofie, SW AF Gorokhovsky, V. I. Gannon, P. E. Deibert, M. C. Smith, R. J. Kayani, A. Kopczyk, M. VanVorous, D. Yang, Zhenguo Stevenson, J. W. Visco, S. Jacobson, C. Kurokawa, H. Sofie, S. W. TI Deposition and evaluation of protective PVD coatings on ferritic stainless steel SOFC interconnects SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION RESISTANCE; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; LAYERS; CONDUCTIVITY; CR-1-XALXN; MAGNETRON; SPINEL; SCALES; FILMS AB Reduced operating temperatures (600-800 degrees C) of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) may enable the use of inexpensive ferritic steels as interconnects. Due to the demanding SOFC interconnect operating environment, protective coatings are gaining attention to increase long-term stability. In this study, large area filtered arc deposition and hybrid filtered arc deposition-assisted electron beam physical vapor deposition technologies were used to deposit two-segment coatings with Cr-Co-Al-O-N-based bottom segment and Mn-Co-O top segment. The bottom segment serves as a diffusion barrier and bond segment, while the top segment is meant to increase electrical conductivity and inhibit Cr volatility. Coatings were deposited on ferritic steel and subsequently annealed in air for various time intervals. Surface oxidation was investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry analyses. Cr volatilization was evaluated using a transpiration apparatus and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of the resultant condensate. Electrical conductivity (area specific resistance, ASR), was studied as a function of time using the four-point technique. Significant improvement in oxidation resistance, Cr volatility, and ASR were observed in the coated versus uncoated samples. Transport mechanisms for various oxidizing species and coating diffusion barrier properties are discussed. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Gorokhovsky, VI (reprint author), Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP A1886 EP A1893 DI 10.1149/1.2266244 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000016 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS McBrayer, DN Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS McBrayer, DN Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M TI Real-time imaging of liquid water in an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; VISUALIZATION; MODEL; PEFC AB Neutron imaging experiments were carried out to measure the water content of an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under varying conditions of current density and temperature. It was found that the water content of the PEMFC is strongly coupled to the current density and temperature of the cell. These measurements indicate that changes in water content lag changes in current density by at least 100 s, both when the current density was increased and decreased. Less liquid water was measured in the cells when operating at 80 degrees C than at 40 degrees C. At 60 degrees C cell temperature, a peak in water content was observed around 650 mA/cm(2) and the water content was found to decrease with increasing current density. This is explained in the context of cell heating by performing a simple thermal analysis of an operating PEMFC so as to yield quantitative information on the waste heat and its effects on the liquid water contained in the cell. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Infrastruct & Knowledge Syst Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Infrastruct & Knowledge Syst Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mahickn@sandia.gov OI McBrayer, Dominic/0000-0003-1806-3627 NR 16 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP A902 EP A908 DI 10.1149/1.2184893 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000016 ER PT J AU Hilali, MM Nakayashiki, K Khadilkar, C Reedy, RC Rohatgi, A Shaikh, A Kim, S Sridharan, S AF Hilali, MM Nakayashiki, K Khadilkar, C Reedy, RC Rohatgi, A Shaikh, A Kim, S Sridharan, S TI Effect of Ag particle size in thick-film Ag paste on the electrical and physical properties of screen printed contacts and silicon solar cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EMITTERS; SILVER AB The impact of the Ag particle (metal powder in the screen printed paste) size on the quality of Ag thick-film ohmic contacts to high-sheet-resistance emitters of Si solar cells is investigated. Spherical particle size was varied in the range of 0.10-10 mu m (ultrafine to large). Even though ultrathin glass regions are achieved for the large particle paste, giving low specific contact resistance (rho(c)), secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements showed a higher Ag concentration (> 10(15) cm(-3)) at the p-n junction that increased the junction leakage current (J(o2)) and decreased the V-oc by similar to 7 mV and fill factor (FF) by similar to 0.02. Pastes with ultrafine Ag particles generally produced a thick glass layer at the Ag-Si contact interface, which increased rho(c) and series resistance (R-s) (>= 1 Omega cm(2)), and lowered the FF by similar to 0.03. Small to medium size Ag particles in the paste produced thin glass regions and many regularly distributed Ag crystallites at the contact interface. This resulted in low R-s (< 1 Omega cm(2)), high shunt resistance (60,558 Omega cm(2)), low J(o2) (similar to 20 nA/cm(2)), and high FF (0.781). Cell efficiencies of similar to 17.4% were achieved on untextured float zone Si with 100 Omega/square emitter by rapid firing of screen printed contacts in a lamp-heated belt furnace. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2126579] All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ferro Corp, Ctr Tech, Independence, OH 44131 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ferro Corp, Vista, CA 92083 USA. RP Hilali, MM (reprint author), Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 19 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 59 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP A5 EP A11 DI 10.1149/1.2126579 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YV UT WOS:000234142400002 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Amine, K Thackeray, MM AF Kang, SH Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Amine, K Thackeray, MM TI The effects of acid treatment on the electrochemical properties of 0.5 Li2MnO3 center dot 0.5 LiNi0.44Co0.25Mn0.31O2 electrodes in lithium cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SITU X-RAY; CATHODE MATERIALS; MANGANESE OXIDES; ION BATTERIES; LI2MNO3; LI; BEHAVIOR; FORM AB The electrochemical properties of 0.5 Li2MnO3 center dot 0.5 LiNi0.44Co0.25Mn0.31O2 electrodes, when preconditioned and activated with acid for 2-24 h, have been studied in lithium cells. Powder X-ray diffraction data and electrochemical measurements provide supporting evidence for an intergrown, composite electrode structure from which Li2O can be leached from the Li2MnO3 (Li2O center dot MnO2) component with acid, thereby mimicking the electrochemical charge process at high potentials (<4.5 V). The MnO2-rich domains generated by acid treatment are reduced during electrochemical discharge at a lower potential than electrochemically generated MnO2-rich domains. With prolonged cycling between 4.6 and 2.0 V, dQ/dV plots of untreated and acid-treated electrodes develop similar, but not identical, character, suggesting a coalescence and redox interaction of the manganese ions in MnO2-rich and Ni0.44Co0.25Mn0.31O2 regions of the structure. Acid treatment eliminates the first-cycle capacity loss of the electrodes, consistent with earlier reports for related systems, but it damages their cycling stability and rate capability. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kangs@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 29 TC 139 Z9 146 U1 17 U2 136 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP A1186 EP A1192 DI 10.1149/1.2194764 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 038NK UT WOS:000237229300036 ER PT J AU Kerlau, M Kostecki, R AF Kerlau, Marie Kostecki, Robert TI Interfacial impedance study of Li-ion composite cathodes during aging at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; LITHIUM; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; REACTIVITY; BATTERIES; SALTS AB The interfacial impedance behavior of carbon black, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, and LiFePO4 composite electrodes during storage in 1.2 M LiPF6, ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate 3:7 wt % electrolyte at 45 degrees C was investigated. The effect of thermal pretreatment (120 degrees C under vacuum) prior to aging on the electrochemical properties of the electrodes was studied in detail. Electrochemical impedance measurements, which were carried out periodically during storage, showed that (i) the electrodes' interfacial impedance decreased substantially with the heat-treatment time, (ii) the rate of impedance increase upon storage in electrolyte at elevated temperatures was predetermined by the heat-treatment parameters, and (iii) physicochemical properties of carbon (carbon black) were primarily responsible for the observed interfacial impedance behavior of the electrodes during aging. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared analysis of aged electrodes revealed a thin surface film of electrolyte decomposition products. Adsorbed water and oxygen containing surface groups on carbon reacted with the electrolyte to produce inorganic and organic surface deposits. The thin-film formation on carbon black particles during aging, and consequently, a gradual loss of electronic conductivity within the electrode is most likely responsible for degradation of electrochemical performance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kerlau, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM R_Kostecki@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP A1644 EP A1648 DI 10.1149/1.2213568 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600003 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Sprenkle, VL Canfield, NL Meinhardt, KD Chick, LA AF Kim, JY Sprenkle, VL Canfield, NL Meinhardt, KD Chick, LA TI Effects of chrome contamination on the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode used in solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SOFCS; INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES; INTERCONNECTS; ALLOYS AB Chrome poisoning effects of various Cr-containing metal sources on the electrochemical performance of the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF6428) cathode have been investigated. It was found that chromia-forming metals caused significant fade in power density due to the chrome poisoning, while alumina-forming alloys exhibited no influence on the cell degradation. This degradation caused by the chrome poisoning was accelerated at higher operating temperatures. Microstructural analysis conducted on the cells tested with chromia formers exhibited the formation of a strontium chromate phase in the entire cathode, leading to the homogeneous distribution of Cr in the cathode. Although the Mn-containing chromia former such as Crofer22 formed a continuous layer of the Cr-Mn oxide scale on the mesh surface, it was not effective enough to prevent Cr poisoning of the cathode. In contrast, alumina formers such as Haynes214 and Kanthal formed a continuous layer of the alumina scale, resulting in no Cr contamination in the LSCF6428 cathode. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jin.Kim@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP A880 EP A886 DI 10.1149/1.2181435 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000013 ER PT J AU Kostecki, R Lei, JL McLarnon, F Shim, J Striebel, K AF Kostecki, R Lei, JL McLarnon, F Shim, J Striebel, K TI Diagnostic evaluation of detrimental phenomena in high-power lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU RAMAN; LINI0.8CO0.15AL0.05O2 CATHODES; ELECTRODES; MICROSCOPY; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERCALATION; DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; GRAPHITE AB A pouch-type lithium-ion cell, with graphite anode and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode, was cycled at C/2 over 100% depth of discharge at ambient temperature. The LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 composite cathode was primarily responsible for the significant impedance rise and capacity fade observed in that cell. The processes that led to this impedance rise were assessed by investigating the cathode surface electronic conductance, surface structure, composition, and state of charge at the microscopic level with the use of local probe techniques. Raman microscopy mapping of the cathode surface provided evidence that the state of charge of individual LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 particles was nonuniform despite the deep discharge at the end of cell testing. Current-sensing atomic force microscopy imaging revealed that the cathode surface electronic conductance diminished significantly in the tested cells. Loss of contact of active material particles with the carbon matrix and thin film formation via electrolyte decomposition not only led to LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 particle isolation and contributed to cathode interfacial charge-transfer impedance but also accounted for the observed cell power and capacity loss. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP A669 EP A672 DI 10.1149/1.2170551 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600006 ER PT J AU Lu, C Sholklapper, TZ Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Lu, C Sholklapper, TZ Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC TI LSM-YSZ cathodes with reaction-infiltrated nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; LA1-XSRXMN1-YCOYO3+/-DELTA PEROVSKITES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; REDUCTION; DIFFUSION; ANODES AB To improve the La1-xSrxMnO3-delta-yttria- stabilized zirconia (LSM-YSZ) cathode performance of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), Sm0.6Sr0.4CoO3-delta (SSC) perovskite nanoparticles are incorporated into the cathodes by a reaction-infiltration process. The SSC particles are similar to 20 to 80 nm in diameter, and intimately adhere to the pore walls of the preformed LSM-YSZ cathodes. The SSC particles dramatically enhance single-cell performance with a 97% H-2 + 3% H2O fuel, between 600 and 800 degrees C. Consideration of a simplified triple-phase boundary reaction geometry indicates that the enhancement may be attributed to the high electrocatalytic activity of SSC for electrochemical reduction of oxygen in a region that can be located a small distance away from the strict triple-phase boundaries. The implication of this work for developing high-performance electrodes is also discussed. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP A1115 EP A1119 DI 10.1149/1.2192733 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 038NK UT WOS:000237229300025 ER PT J AU Lu, W Belharouak, I Vissers, D Amine, K AF Lu, W. Belharouak, I. Vissers, D. Amine, K. TI In situ thermal study of Li1+x[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](1-x)O-2 using isothermal micro-clorimetric techniques SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LAYERED LI(NI1/3CO1/3MN1/3)O-2; IRREVERSIBLE HEATS; CATHODE; CELL; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; LIXMN2O4 AB Li1+x[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](1-x)O-2/ Li half-cells were investigated using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC), and the results were quantitatively analyzed. The entropy change (dE/dT) calculated based on the IMC results during the charging process has the small range from -0.06 mV to -0.12 mV/K, which agrees with the experimental results. The small dE/dT values could explain why Li1+x[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](1-x)O-2 has better thermal stability than that of other nickel based layered oxide such as LiNiO2, LiNi1-xCoxO2, and LiNi1-xCoyAlzO2. Furthermore, the heat flow rate during the discharge process was also calculated from the cell's irreversible heat and the cell entropy change. The calculated values fit well the experimental data from the IMC results. This study also suggests the optimum voltage window of the operation of the cell based on Li1+x[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](1-x)O-2 cathode is between 4.1 and 3.5 V due to both, the self-discharge of the cell at higher voltages and the higher impedance of the cell in lower voltage regions. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 11 BP A2147 EP A2151 DI 10.1149/1.2349287 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 091VS UT WOS:000241057000021 ER PT J AU Lux, KW Cairns, EJ AF Lux, KW Cairns, EJ TI Lanthanide-platinum intermetallic compounds as anode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol PEM fuel cells - II. Performance of LnPt(2) (Ln = Ce, Pr) nanopowders in an operating PEM fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE ELECTROLYTES; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; ACID AB The electrochemical stability and electrocatalytic performance in ethanol oxidation of a new class of anode electrocatalysts is presented. Nanopowders of the Laves-phase intermetallic compounds LnPt(2) (Ln = Ce, Pr) were utilized to exploit the strong oxidizing power of tetravalent lanthanides in an anode electrocatalyst. These nanopowders are stable in the environment of the anode of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Steady-state polarization curves in an operating PEM fuel cell demonstrate that the new electrocatalysts are active toward the electro-oxidation of ethanol. The new electrocatalysts exhibited ca. 225 mV more overpotential than PtRu at a given current density based on the total electrocatalyst surface area in the anode, but this may be due to issues with particle size and electrode structure. Analysis of the anode effluent with on-line gas chromatography showed that two-electron electro-oxidation to acetaldehyde was the main reaction pathway at potentials of interest and implied that ethanol adsorbs without C-C bond cleavage through the oxygen in the hydroxyl group. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Off Coal & Power Syst, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Lux, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kwlux@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP A1139 EP A1147 DI 10.1149/1.2192708 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 038NK UT WOS:000237229300029 ER PT J AU Lux, KW Cairns, EJ AF Lux, KW Cairns, EJ TI Lanthanide-platinum intermetallic compounds as anode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol PEM fuel cells - I. Synthesis and characterization of LnPt(2) (Ln = Ce, Pr) nanopowders SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; CATALYSTS AB An aqueous route for producing nanopowders of intermetallic compounds is presented. The method was developed to produce powders of PrPt2 and CePt2 for use as anode electrocatalysts in porous direct ethanol polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell anodes. Powders that are relatively pure with average particle diameters of ca. 25 nm and specific surface areas of ca. 15 m(2)/g were produced. X-ray powder diffraction patterns were utilized to verify the structure of the product and conduct rudimentary unit cell refinement. Nitrogen adsorption measurements confirmed the specific surface area that was determined from the X-ray diffraction results. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Off Coal & Power Syst, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Lux, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kwlux@lbl.gov RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP A1132 EP A1138 DI 10.1149/1.2192707 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 038NK UT WOS:000237229300028 ER PT J AU Piela, P Fields, R Zelenay, P AF Piela, Piotr Fields, Robert Zelenay, Piotr TI Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for direct methanol fuel cell diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLISHED POLYCRYSTALLINE PLATINUM; OXYGEN REDUCTION; AC-IMPEDANCE; POROUS-ELECTRODES; DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION; ANODE; DMFC; ELECTROLYTES AB Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used as a diagnostics tool for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) single cells and stacks, capable of separating individual contributions to the overall polarization of fuel cells under load. Anode impedance spectra were interpreted assuming porous electrode model and a reaction mechanism involving one adsorbed intermediate. No evidence of methanol transport limitations was found at the anode under operating conditions tailored for portable applications of DMFCs. Anode experiments revealed substantial poisoning of the electrode by methanol-derived surface species (CO) and negative order of methanol oxidation in methanol concentration. Because of the clear indication of the presence of adsorbed species at the cathode, the cathode process was assumed to be a combination of oxygen reduction reaction and methanol oxidation occurring in parallel. The porosity and oxygen transport effects were included for the cathode in order to adequately describe the impedance spectra. In addition to divulging methanol crossover, the cathode spectra provided an indication of nonequipotentiality of the cathode, flooding of the cathode backing, flooding/dry-out of the cathode catalyst layer, and hindering of oxygen transport in the cathode backing by crossover methanol. The ability of EIS to reveal these phenomena proved to be highly useful in the identification of performance issues in individual cells of a six-cell DMFC stack. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zelenay, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zelenay@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP A1902 EP A1913 DI 10.1149/1.2266623 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000018 ER PT J AU Song, SW Reade, RP Kostecki, R Striebel, KA AF Song, SW Reade, RP Kostecki, R Striebel, KA TI Electrochemical studies of the LiFePO4 thin films prepared with pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LITHIUM BATTERIES; IRON-OXIDES; ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE; PERFORMANCE; TRIPHYLITE; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; CARBON AB Thin films of LiFePO4 have been prepared on stainless steel substrates with pulsed laser deposition utilizing an Ar atmosphere. Raman spectral analysis revealed the presence of carbon in the films, even though the targets contained less than a few percent residual carbon. The Raman spectra also suggest the presence of iron oxide species on the surface of the film. Though the film morphology became rough with cycling and thicker films were cleaved; the films showed good stability on cycling. The 75-nm-thick film prepared with a carbon-containing target showed a reversible cycling of more than 90 mAh/g for 60 cycles. The use of the low-carbon (< 1 wt %), green-colored target significantly lowered the carbon content of the LiFePO4 film. The low-carbon films cycled stable at moderate current density but with lower capacities such as 80 and 51 mAh/g for the 75 and 335-nm films, respectively. Film capacity and crystallinity improved significantly when the pulsed-laser-deposited target-substrate distance was reduced to less than 5 cm. The 156-nm-thick film produced in this way showed a layered texture in surface morphology and delivered more than 120 mAh/g, keeping its particle morphology on cycling. The excellent capacity retention, despite low-carbon content, can be attributed in part to the enhanced conductivity derived from the excellent adherence between pulsed-laser-deposited film and the substrate. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2128763] All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, SW (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kastriebel@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP A12 EP A19 DI 10.1149/1.2128763 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 995YV UT WOS:000234142400003 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Springer, TE Adzic, RR AF Wang, Jia X. Springer, Thomas E. Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Dual-pathway kinetic equation for the hydrogen oxidation reaction on Pt electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; H-2 AB In the past 2 years, several experimental observations and theoretical studies indicated that the commonly used Butler-Volmer equation was inappropriate for describing the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on a Pt electrode. Motivated by these works, we developed an HOR kinetic equation from a dual-pathway model to describe the complex kinetic behavior over the whole relevant potential region. A simple expression was found for the reaction intermediate's coverage as a function of overpotential. Three intrinsic kinetic parameters were determined by analyzing published polarization curves measured with microelectrodes (high mass transport) and rotating disk electrodes (relatively low mass transport, high accuracy). The results show a fast, inversed exponential rising of kinetic current at small overpotentials through the Tafel-Volmer pathway, and a much more gradual rise at eta > 50 mV through the Heyrovsky-Volmer pathway. This behavior is dramatically different from the single-exponential increase of the Butler-Volmer equation. The puzzling dependence of anode overpotential on Pt loading in H-2-fed proton-exchange membrane fuel cells can now be explained by the dual-pathway kinetic equation, providing a sound basis for fuel cell modeling, optimization, and diagnosis. The principle and approach used in this study can be applied to other electrocatalytic reactions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jia@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 19 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP A1732 EP A1740 DI 10.1149/1.2218756 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600015 ER PT J AU Weber, AZ Newman, J AF Weber, Adam Z. Newman, John TI Coupled thermal and water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLATINIZED PLATINUM-ELECTRODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PELTIER HEAT; GENERAL ENERGY-BALANCE; SULFURIC-ACID SOLUTION; NONISOTHERMAL MODEL; BATTERY SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; VALIDATION; MEMBRANES; HYDROGEN AB Thermal and water management are intricately coupled in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In this paper, we simulate fuel cell performance and account for nonisothermal phenomena. The transport of water due to a temperature gradient and its associated effects on performance are described, with the increase of reactant dilution by the water vapor partial pressure being the most dominant. In addition, simulations are undergone to find the optimum operating temperature and maximum power density as a function of external heat-transfer coefficient. The shape of the optimization curves and the magnitudes of the nonisothermal phenomena are also detailed and explained. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008; OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525; Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 NR 30 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 12 BP A2205 EP A2214 DI 10.1149/1.2352039 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 101RF UT WOS:000241757400006 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Singh, P Stevenson, JW Xia, GG AF Yang, Zhenguo Singh, Prabhakar Stevenson, Jeffry W. Xia, Guan-Guang TI Investigation of modified Ni-Cr-Mn base alloys for SOFC interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; FE-CR; ELECTRONIC RESISTANCE; EXPOSURE CONDITIONS; OXIDATION-KINETICS; STAINLESS-STEELS; SUPERALLOY FOILS; SCALES; CONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR AB Two Ni-Cr-Mn base alloys based on Haynes 230 were developed and evaluated against criteria relevant to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect applications, which included oxidation behavior under SOFC operating conditions, scale electrical conductivity, and thermal expansion. It was found that, when exposed to air at both sides, the Ni-Cr-Mn alloys formed a scale, containing M3O4 (M = Mn, Cr, Ni, etc.) spinels and Cr2O3 as well as some NiO. When exposed to air at one side and hydrogen at the other, however, the scales grown on these alloys at the air side were similar to the ferritic stainless steel Crofer22 APU, comprised of only a M3O4 (M = Mn, Cr, Ni, etc.) spinel-rich top layer and Cr2O3-rich sublayer. The modified alloys demonstrated reasonable oxidation resistance under SOFC operating conditions, though the Mn additions increased the scale growth rate and thus sacrificed to some extent the oxidation resistance of the base alloy (Haynes 230). The formation of a spinel-rich top layer improved the scale conductivity, especially during the early stages of oxidation, but the higher scale growth rate resulted in a higher rate of increase in the area-specific electrical resistance. In addition, the Ni-Cr-Mn base alloys demonstrated a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of anode-supported cells and ferritic stainless steel candidates. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP A1873 EP A1879 DI 10.1149/1.2239582 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000014 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Xia, GG Maupin, GD Stevenson, JW AF Yang, Zhenguo Xia, Guan-Guang Maupin, Gary D. Stevenson, Jeffry W. TI Evaluation of perovskite overlay coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SPINEL PROTECTION LAYERS; CHROMIUM VAPORIZATION; METALLIC INTERCONNECT; EXPOSURE CONDITIONS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CATHODE; ALLOYS; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATOR AB Conductive oxide coatings are used to improve electrical performance and surface stability of metallic interconnects, as well as to mitigate or prevent chromium poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). To further understand materials suitability and shed light on mass transport, two conductive perovskites, La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF) and La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 (LSC), were taken as examples and applied as dense coatings via radio frequency (rf)-sputtering on three stainless steels: E-brite, Crofer22 APU, and AL453. Oxidation, electrical, and microstructural investigations indicated the perovskite coatings improved both surface stability and electrical performance of the stainless steel substrates. In comparison, LSC was more effective than LSF due to its lower ionic conductivity that led to slower subscale growth and formation of internal oxides. Among the three selected stainless steels, E-brite possessed the highest oxidation resistance, so, for a given perovskite composition, the coated E- brite exhibited a slower subscale growth rate than coated Crofer22 APU or AL453. To avoid chromium poisoning of cathodes, nonchromium containing LSF would appear to be preferable to LSC. Due to chromium outward diffusion from the steel into the perovskite coatings, however, it is doubtful that an LSF coating can be an effective barrier to chromium release from the steel. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov NR 36 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP A1852 EP A1858 DI 10.1149/1.2239371 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000010 ER PT J AU Brevnov, DA Womack, RL Atanassov, P Lopez, GP Bauer, TM Chaudhury, ZA Schwappach, CD Mosley, LE AF Brevnov, DA Womack, RL Atanassov, P Lopez, GP Bauer, TM Chaudhury, ZA Schwappach, CD Mosley, LE TI Width of anodization mask required to preserve a metallic phase during porous-type anodization of aluminum-copper films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL PORE ARRAYS; ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE; INTERCONNECTION; FABRICATION; GROWTH AB Patterned arrays with alternating regions of the metallic phase and porous aluminum oxide are fabricated by using a dense layer of barrier aluminum oxide as a mask for porous-type anodization of 99.5% Al and 0.5% Cu films. The pore curvature at the interface between the metallic phase and porous aluminum oxide is investigated as a function of anodization voltage. The degree of anisotropy, which is defined as a ratio between vertical and lateral propagation of pores, increases slightly as anodization voltage increases. The pore curvature compromises the mask transfer during anodization due to the lateral pore propagation under the anodization mask. For miniaturization of regions composed of Al-Cu, it is important to establish the width of anodization mask required to preserve the metallic phase between two regions of porous aluminum oxide. Our results show that a 2 mu m wide anodization mask is necessary during porous-type anodization of 3 mu m thick Al-Cu films at a chosen set of anodization conditions (40 V, 3% w/v H2C2O4, 5 degrees C). (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Micro Engineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Intel Corp, New Mexico Lab, Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Ctr Micro Engineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dbrevnov@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 3 BP B108 EP B112 DI 10.1149/1.2164767 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 009TP UT WOS:000235136600036 ER PT J AU Gray, JJ Hayes, JR Gdowski, GE Orme, CA AF Gray, JJ Hayes, JR Gdowski, GE Orme, CA TI Inhibiting effects of nitrates on the passive film breakdown of alloy 22 in chloride environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEELS; NITRIC-ACID; CORROSION PROPERTIES; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; CREVICE CORROSION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; ANION AB The influence of nitrates and chlorides on the passive film of alloy 22 (Ni-Cr22-Mo13-W3-Fe3) in chloride-containing solutions (1 and 4 m NaCl) from pH 5 to -1 at 60 and 90 degrees C is characterized. The combination of nitrates and chlorides in low pH solutions leads to a variety of different corrosion states, including: active, passive, active/passive, and transpassive. For each corrosion state, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is utilized to characterize the passive film properties. Active corrosion is a sensitive function of the nitrate-to-chloride ratio, rather than the total amount of anions in solution. At pH < 0, transpassive dissolution is initialized in all nitrate solutions independent of the tested temperatures and nitrate-to-chloride ratios. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that Mo is a significant dissolution product during the initial stages of transpassive dissolution. The dissolution is attributed to a transformation from an insoluble Mo oxide to soluble Mo complexes at high open-circuit potentials and low pH. Finally, the results are correlated with critical nitrate/chloride ratios that lead to crevice corrosion in occluded volumes. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjgray@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP B156 EP B161 DI 10.1149/1.2180927 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000026 ER PT J AU Gray, JJ Hayes, JR Gdowski, GE Viani, BE Orme, CA AF Gray, JJ Hayes, JR Gdowski, GE Viani, BE Orme, CA TI Influence of solution pH, anion concentration, and temperature on the corrosion properties of alloy 22 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CREVICE CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEELS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ACID; SYSTEM; MODEL; CHROMIUM; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; WASTE AB We introduce an acid addition technique for the rapid assessment of the influence of solution pH, anion (such as chloride) concentration, and temperature on the dissolution of metals. We demonstrate the technique with the characterization of the dissolution of alloy 22 (Ni-22Cr-13Mo-3W-3Fe) exposed to chloride-containing hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acid environments as a function of pH (from pH 5 to pH -1) and temperature (25-90 degrees C). A combination of electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance) and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the influence of the various solutions on the dissolution of alloy 22. Below 50 degrees C, corrosion rates are less than 1 mu m/yr independent of acid type, pH, and temperature. In contrast, between 50 degrees C and the upper explored limit of 90 degrees C, dissolution rates in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid scale approximately linearly with temperature at rates that depend on the solution pH. In nitric acid, corrosion rates are lower at comparable pH values due to the oxidizing effects of nitrates. An increase in the open-circuit potential in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data suggests that nitrates promote a stable passive oxide film that inhibits alloy dissolution in all environments tested. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gray, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjgray@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 3 BP B61 EP B67 DI 10.1149/1.2160433 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 009TP UT WOS:000235136600029 ER PT J AU Komanicky, V Chang, KC Menzel, A Markovic, NM You, H Wang, X Myers, D AF Komanicky, V. Chang, K. C. Menzel, A. Markovic, N. M. You, H. Wang, X. Myers, D. TI Stability and dissolution of platinum surfaces in perchloric acid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; CARBON AB Stability and dissolution of platinum single-crystal surfaces were investigated with atomic force microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Both low-index surfaces and nanofaceted surfaces were investigated. A clear difference was observed between the large low-index surfaces and the nanofaceted surfaces. In the low-index surfaces, the platinum oxide formation passivates the surfaces, resulting in a lower dissolution rates at higher potentials. The nanofaceted surface dissolves faster at a higher potential, indicating the edges and corners are the main sources of dissolution. The differences in the dissolution behaviors between the low-index surfaces, (111), (100), and (110), are also discussed. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Komanicky, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM komanicky@anl.gov RI Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011; Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012 OI Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483; Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X NR 9 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 10 BP B446 EP B451 DI 10.1149/1.2229284 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 081IW UT WOS:000240312000036 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Wang, GF Baskes, MI AF Lillard, R. S. Wang, G. F. Baskes, M. I. TI The role of metallic bonding in the crystallographic pitting of magnesium SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CATALYST NANOPARTICLES; HCP METALS; DISSOLUTION; SEGREGATION; SURFACE AB The role of metallic bonding in the crystallographic pitting of magnesium (Mg) has been investigated using atomistic simulations. To assess the degree of metallic bonding in Mg (0001) and (10 (1) over bar0) surfaces the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) has been used. The interatomic potentials developed with MEAM were then used by a Monte Carlo code, standard Metropolis algorithm, to calculate atom removal probabilities. Simulations for the Mg (10 (1) over bar0) surface found that atom removal formed geometric surface structures, the orientation of which were always at a 58 degrees or 116 degrees angle with respect to the [(1) over bar2 (1) over bar0] direction or 90 degrees with respect to [0001]. These results are identical to published experimental results from Mg (10 (1) over bar0) single crystals. Simulations of Mg (0001) surfaces found no preferred orientations similar to experimental results. Finally, the threshold potential for atom removal in our simulations follows the same trend as the critical electrochemical potential for pitting in single-crystal Mg surfaces. This result indicates that experimental differences in the pitting potential for Mg as a function of crystallographic orientation are related to the metallic bond strength (chemical potential) associated with each surface orientation. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lillard@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP B358 EP B364 DI 10.1149/1.2218108 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600027 ER PT J AU Serna, LM Zavadil, KR Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC AF Serna, LM Zavadil, KR Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC TI A critical implanted Cl concentration for pit initiation on aluminum thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE-FILMS; CHLORIDE; CORROSION; BREAKDOWN; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; PASSIVITY; ADSORPTION AB The pitting potential of pure aluminum thin films in 50 mM K2SO4 was measured as a function of implanted Cl fluence. Samples were implanted with 35 keV Cl+ at room temperature using fluences from 2.25 x 10(16) to 3.25 x 10(16) ions cm(-2) in increments of 0.25 x 10(16). An empirical relationship between pitting potential and fluence was found which suggests a critical Cl concentration in the oxide is necessary for pit initiation. No correlation between pitting potential and the measured Cl concentration or distribution in the metal was found. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serna, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Imserna@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP B289 EP B295 DI 10.1149/1.2205172 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100031 ER PT J AU Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG AF Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG TI Nanoscale void nucleation and growth in the passive oxide on aluminum as a prepitting process SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; FILMS; CORROSION; CHLORIDE; AES AB Nanometer scale morphological changes in the passive oxide on aluminum have been tracked as a function of polarization in aqueous chloride and borate electrolytes. Nanoscale void formation has been detected and characterized in the passive oxide on single and polycrystalline Al as well as nanocrystalline Al films. Void nucleation occurs at the metal/oxide interface and growth proceeds into the oxide. Nucleation and growth are continuous processes that occur well below the pitting potential. Void growth is related to the rate and extent of the passive oxide growth. Chloride is shown not to be necessary for the nucleation and growth of voids. The extent of void growth correlates with the faradaic charge density produced due to Al oxidation. Void densities on the order of 5 x 10(10) cm(-2) form with as little as 2 to 4 monolayers of Al oxidation and at volumetric efficiencies of 10 to 50%. The mechanistic origin of the voids is consistent with point defect saturation at the Al/oxide interface. The shape factors for the voids are inconsistent with two leading pit initiation models where stable pitting is argued to result from disruption of the remnant oxide over a void or voidlike structures. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zavadil, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP B296 EP B303 DI 10.1149/1.2207739 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100032 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Devine, TM AF Zhang, Xueyuan Devine, T. M. TI Factors that influence formation of AlF3 passive film on aluminum in Li-ion battery electrolytes with LiPF6 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; CURRENT COLLECTOR; CORROSION; SALTS; REACTIVITY; STABILITY; WATER; EQCM AB The effects of (i) potential, (ii) the electrolyte's concentrations of LiPF6 and H2O, (iii) the aluminum's air-formed oxide, (iv) an anodized layer of Al2O3, and (v) the purity of aluminum, on the formation of a protective layer of AlF3 during anodic polarization of aluminum were investigated. Most tests were conducted in lithium-ion battery electrolytes with 1.0 M LiPF6. At potentials above a critical value, a film of AlF3 forms on top of the air-formed oxide, creating a duplex, or two-layered film. The thickness of the AlF3 increases with applied potential. The critical value of potential for formation of AlF3 is independent of the composition of the aluminum alloys investigated, and increases with the thickness of pre-existing surface films, such as the native air-formed oxide. There is a threshold value of concentration of LiPF6 (=0.05 M LiPF6) for the formation of a protective layer of AlF3. Protective films of AlF3 are formed in 1 M LiPF6 electrolytes with concentrations of H2O in the range of 2 to 4000 ppm. LiTFSI causes severe pitting corrosion of aluminum that is covered by only its air-formed oxide. A thin film (< 2 nm) of AlF3 significantly improves the resistance of aluminum to pitting corrosion in 1:1 ethylene carbonate+dimethyl carbonate with 1 M LiTFSI. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP B375 EP B383 DI 10.1149/1.2218816 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600030 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Devine, TM AF Zhang, Xueyuan Devine, Thomas M. TI Passivation of aluminum in lithium-ion battery electrolytes with LiBOB SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVITY; SALT AB A combination of cyclic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements indicate a film is formed when aluminum is polarized above 4.5 V in 1:1 EC+DMC with 1 M LiBOB. The quantity of film that is formed increases with increasing applied potential. Results of EQCM tests suggest the film is AlBO3. The film is very protective against corrosion and inhibits pitting corrosion of aluminum in normally corrosive 1 M LiTFSI. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP B365 EP B369 DI 10.1149/1.2218269 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600028 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Devine, TM AF Zhang, Xueyuan Devine, T. M. TI Identity of passive film formed on aluminum in Li-ion battery electrolytes with LiPF6 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CURRENT COLLECTORS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ANODIC STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; CORROSION; CARBONATE; SALTS; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; CELLS AB The passive film that forms on aluminum in 1:1 ethylene carbonate+ethylmethyl carbonate with 1.2 M LiPF6 and 1:1 ethylene carbonate+dimethyl carbonate with 1.0 M LiPF6 was investigated by a combination of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During anodic polarization of aluminum a film of AlF3 forms on top of the air-formed oxide, creating a duplex, or two-layered film. The thickness of the AlF3 increases with the applied potential. Independent measurements of film thickness by EQCM and EIS indicate that at a potential of 5.5 V vs Li/Li+, the thickness of the AlF3 is approximately 1 nm. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM Devine@berkeley.edu NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP B344 EP B351 DI 10.1149/1.2214465 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600025 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, R Phok, S Spagnol, P Chaudhuri, T AF Bhattacharya, R Phok, S Spagnol, P Chaudhuri, T TI Electrodeposited biaxially textured buffer layer for YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) superconductor oxide films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTORS; NI AB Nonvacuum electrodeposition was used to prepare biaxially textured CeO2 and Sm-doped CeO2 coatings on Ni-W substrates. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (including theta/2 theta, pole figures, Omega scans, and phi scans), atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Pole-figure scans show that electrodeposited CeO2 and Sm-doped CeO2 on textured Ni-W (3 atom %) is cube textured. Full width at half maximum values of the omega and phi scans of the electrodeposited layers were better than those of the Ni-W base substrates, indicating improved biaxial texturing of the electrodeposited layers. AES analysis of the YBCO/CeO2/yttria-stabilized zirconia/electrodeposited CeO2/Ni-W revealed that Ni interdiffusion was completely stopped at the first electrodeposited CeO2 layer. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP C273 EP C276 DI 10.1149/1.2177004 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000033 ER PT J AU Chae, Y Houf, WG McDaniel, AH Allendorf, MD AF Chae, Y Houf, WG McDaniel, AH Allendorf, MD TI Models for the chemical vapor deposition of tin oxide from monobutyltintrichloride SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CVD; THERMOCHEMISTRY; TRICHLORIDE; TIO2(110); MECHANISM; REACTOR; SURFACE; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; FILMS AB Global kinetic mechanisms and models are developed to describe the growth of tin oxide (SnO2) films from monobutyltintrichloride (MBTC) by chemical vapor deposition. Several candidate mechanisms are examined. Deposition from MBTC + O-2 mixtures is best described by a mechanism in which MBTC reacts with an oxygen-covered surface, while deposition from MBTC + O2 + H2O mixtures can be effectively predicted using a mechanism in which a gas-phase MBTC-H2O complex is formed, adsorbed by the surface, and reacts with gas-phase O-2 to form SnO2. Both models are based on new and previously reported growth- rate data obtained in a stagnation flow reactor (SFR) as a function of the inlet concentrations of MBTC, O-2, and H2O, substrate temperature, inlet gas velocity, and total pressure. Model rate constants were obtained by fitting to SFR growth rates obtained at 25 Torr and relatively low MBTC concentrations (0.1-0.4 mol %). The predictions are within a factor of 2 of SFR data obtained at higher pressures (up to 100 Torr), as well as with results in the literature obtained at 1 atm, suggesting that the deposition mechanisms used capture the essential chemistry over a broad range of chemical vapor deposition conditions. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chae, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP C309 EP C317 DI 10.1149/1.2181428 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000040 ER PT J AU Goods, SH Kelly, JJ Talin, AA Michael, JR Watson, RM AF Goods, SH Kelly, JJ Talin, AA Michael, JR Watson, RM TI Electrodeposition of Ni from low-temperature sulfamate electrolytes II. Properties and structure of electrodeposits SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-STRESS; LIGA NICKEL; BATH; IONS AB The structure and properties of Ni deposited from sulfamate electrolytes is reported. Particulate filtering of the electrolyte has significant consequences with respect to the microstructure and resulting mechanical properties. Effects were most pronounced at low current densities, and gradually disappeared as current density increased. At low current density (3mA/cm(2)), deposits plated from a filtered electrolyte were fine-grained and exhibited < 011 > texture orientation, characteristic of "inhibited" growth. The strengths of these deposits ranged from 700 MPa to 1 GPa; increasing with increasing deposition temperature from 28 to 50 S C. Low-current-density deposits from unfiltered electrolyte exhibited a temperature dependent instability in grain morphology and texture. At low temperatures (<= 32 degrees C) deposits were coarse grained and predominantly < 001 >, while at 50 S C, deposits were fine grained and < 011 >. At intermediate temperatures, the deposits grew initially in the uninhibited, coarse grain < 001 > mode but then transitioned to the fine grain, < 011 > inhibited growth mode. At high current density (15mA/cm(2)), the structure and properties of electrodeposits were unaffected by particle filtering. Irrespective of deposition temperature or filtering condition, deposits had the grain morphology and crystallography characteristics of uninhibited growth - namely, coarse, columnar grains with preferred < 001 > texture. The measured strength of these deposits were 350-400 MPa. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Goods, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM shgoods@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP C325 EP C331 DI 10.1149/1.2181447 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000042 ER PT J AU Kelly, JJ Goods, SH Talin, AA Hachman, JT AF Kelly, JJ Goods, SH Talin, AA Hachman, JT TI Electrodeposition of Ni from low-temperature sulfamate electrolytes I. Electrochemistry and film stress SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BORIC-ACID; NICKEL ELECTRODEPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-STRESS; BATH; SURFACE; ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; INHIBITION; HYDROGEN AB The film stress of Ni films deposited at near-ambient temperatures from sulfamate electrolytes was investigated. The particulate filtering of the electrolyte, a routine industrial practice, becomes an important deposition parameter at lower bath temperatures. At 28 degrees C, elevated tensile film stress develops at low current densities (< 10mA/cm(2)) if the electrolyte is filtered. Filtering at higher current densities has a negligible effect on film stress. A similar though less pronounced trend is observed at 32 degrees C. Sulfate-based Ni plating baths display similar film stress sensitivity to filtering, suggesting that this is a general effect for Ni electrodeposition. It is shown that filtering does not significantly change either the current efficiency or the pH near the surface during deposition. The observed changes in film stress are thus attributed not to adsorbed hydrogen but instead to the effects of filtering on the formation and concentration of polyborate species due to the decreased solubility of boric acid at near-ambient temperatures. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kelly, JJ (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM shgoods@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 5 BP C318 EP C324 DI 10.1149/1.2181439 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 028VD UT WOS:000236516000041 ER PT J AU Roper, CS Radmilovic, V Howe, RT Maboudian, R AF Roper, CS Radmilovic, V Howe, RT Maboudian, R TI Single-source chemical vapor deposition of SiC films in a large-scale low-pressure CVD growth, chemical, and mechanical characterization reactor SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE 3C-SIC FILMS; SILICON-CARBIDE; LPCVD REACTOR; THIN-FILMS; MEMS; 1,3-DISILABUTANE; WAFERS AB The development and characterization of a silicon carbide (SiC) deposition process from a single source precursor, 1,3-disilabutane, in a large-scale reactor is described. Deposition was performed simultaneously on fifteen, 4 in. Si wafers in a 4 or 6 in. wafer-capable horizontal low-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. Amorphous SiC is obtained at temperatures of 750 S C and below, while some polycrystallinity is obtained at temperatures of 800 degrees C and above. Highly uniform and relatively smooth films are realized using a closed wafer boat. A maximum growth rate of 0.45 mu m/h is attained at 750 degrees C. Residual stress in the film is characterized and found to be greater than 1.3 GPa (tensile) across a wide range of deposition temperatures. Stress profiling is performed to investigate the stress distribution throughout the films. Microfabrication on the wafer level using SiC as a structural layer is also demonstrated. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Roper, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maboudin@berkeley.edu NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 8 BP C562 EP C566 DI 10.1149/1.2208911 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 055SG UT WOS:000238470100043 ER PT J AU Losey, MW Griffiths, SK Hachman, JT AF Losey, M. W. Griffiths, S. K. Hachman, J. T. TI Nucleation and adhesion of electrodeposited copper on anodized thin-film aluminum for LIGA microfabrication SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-KINETICS; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; PYROPHOSPHATE SOLUTION; ENHANCED ADHESION; OXIDE-FILMS; SUBSTRATE; ALLOYS; METAL; MECHANISM; ELEMENTS AB The nucleation and electrodeposition of copper from a pyrophosphate electrolyte onto anodized thin-film aluminum was used to provide well-adhering electroforms in high aspect-ratio resist molds made by X-ray lithography. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods were employed to characterize the impact of process variables on initiating copper deposition onto an anodized aluminum film. Adhesion of the electroplated films was evaluated using a 90 S peel test. Several aluminum films were studied to elucidate the influence that specific alloying elements have on the electrodeposition after anodization. The alloy content of the aluminum, specifically, small amounts of copper (1-4%), was found to significantly enhance nucleation. Under certain anodization conditions, small amounts of copper in the original aluminum film provided facile nucleation while aluminum alloys without copper could not be electroplated. The addition of copper to the aluminum alloys anodized at room temperature reduced the nucleation overpotential by more than 300 mV and increased the nuclei densities by two orders of magnitude. With sufficient adhesion of the electrodeposited metal to withstand both plated-metal stresses and planarization, through-mold electrodeposits were fabricated within resist molds ranging in height from 250 to 2800 mu m, possessing features having lateral dimensions down to 10 mu m. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Losey, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM MLosey@tdtech.com NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 12 BP D177 EP D186 DI 10.1149/1.2354453 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 101RF UT WOS:000241757400047 ER PT J AU Tsuda, T Hussey, CL Luo, HM Dai, S AF Tsuda, Tetsuya Hussey, Charles L. Luo, Huimin Dai, Sheng TI Recovery of cesium extracted from simulated tank waste with an ionic liquid: Water and oxygen effects SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; MERCURY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODES; DIOXYGEN; NITRATE AB The effects of residual water and oxygen on the electrochemical processing step for the recovery of Cs+ extracted into the hydrophobic ionic liquids, tri-1-butylmethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (Bu3MeN+Tf2N-) or N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (MePrPip(+)Tf(2)N(-)) containing the lipophilic ionophore, calix[4]arene-bis (t-octylbenzo-crown-6) from simulated aqueous tank waste was investigated in the presence of residual water and oxygen. The electrochemical reduction of ionophore-bound Cs+ at Hg electrodes is surprisingly tolerant of small amounts of water, but greatly affected by oxygen. However, sparging with dry N-2 lowers the residual water and oxygen content of the extraction solvent to the level where the reduction of Cs+ at Hg is possible. Thus, the entire treatment cycle for the removal of Cs+ from tank waste using a hydrophobic ionic liquid can be carried out in an open cell, provided that the cell is sparged with dry N-2. MePrPip(+)Tf(2)N(-) + BOBCalixC6 was found to be a better extraction solvent for Cs+ than Bu3MeN+Tf2N- + BOBCalixC6, but the former solvent was unstable toward metallic Cs and/or Cs(Hg)(x). (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 11 BP D171 EP D176 DI 10.1149/1.2337001 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 091VS UT WOS:000241057000041 ER PT J AU Song, SW Martin, LP Glass, RS Murray, EP Visser, JH Soltis, RE Novak, RF Kubinski, DJ AF Song, Seung-Wan Martin, L. Peter Glass, Robert S. Murray, Erica P. Visser, Jaco H. Soltis, Richard E. Novak, Robert F. Kubinski, David J. TI Aging studies of Sr-doped LaCrO3/YSZ/Pt cells for an electrochemical NOx sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; MIXED POTENTIAL SENSORS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXYGEN REDUCTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; O-2 REDUCTION; GAS SENSORS; POLARIZATION; CATHODES AB The stability and NOx sensing performance of electrochemical cells of the structure Sr-doped LaCrO3-delta (LSC)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Pt are being investigated for use in NOx aftertreatment systems in diesel vehicles. Among the requirements for NOx sensor materials in these systems are stability and long lifetime (up to 10 years) in the exhaust environment. In this study, cell aging effects were explored following extended exposure to a test environment of 10% O-2 at operating temperatures of 600-700 degrees C. The data show that aging results in changes in particle morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial structure. Impedance spectroscopy indicates an initial increase in the cell resistance during the early stages of aging, which is correlated principally to densification of the Pt electrode. Also, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates formation of SrZrO2 solid-state reaction product in the LSC, a process which is of finite duration. Subsequently, the overall cell resistance decreases with aging time, due in part to roughening of YSZ-LSC interface, which improves interface adherence and enhances charge transfer kinetics at the gas phase/YSZ/LSC triple-phase boundary. This study constitutes a first step in the development of a basic understanding of aging phenomena in solid-state electrochemical systems with applications not only to sensors, but also to fuel cells, membranes, and electrolyzers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mech Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dept Physiol & Environm Sci, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Song, SW (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Fine Chem Engn & Chem, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM glass3@llnl.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 9 BP H171 EP H180 DI 10.1149/1.2213367 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 066SO UT WOS:000239250600078 ER PT J AU West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR AF West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR TI "Total NOx" sensing elements with compositionally identical oxide electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SENSORS; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; CATALYSTS AB NOx sensing elements consisting of coplanar, compositionally identical oxide electrodes on a yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate are reported. During operation, a dc current (or voltage) is applied to the element, and the resultant voltage (or current ) is used as a sensing signal. With the appropriate applied dc current level, these sensing elements can be nearly "total NOx," with responses to NO and NO2 of the same algebraic sign and similar magnitude. For example, when an element with La0.85Sr0.15Cr1.01O3 electrodes was operated at 600 degrees C with a fixed dc current of 2.5 mu A and fixed [O-2] of 7 vol %, 77 ppm(V) NO and NO2 produced voltage changes of -37 and -40%, respectively. The elements displayed an [O-2] sensitivity that was a decreasing function of [NOx], the dc electrical resistance of the elements varied exponentially with temperature, and the magnitude of the NOx responses decreased approximately linearly with temperature. Similar NOx sensing performance was obtained with either constant-current or constant-voltage operation and several different oxides were observed to exhibit qualitatively identical behavior with respect to NOx sensing and [O-2] sensitivity. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westdl@ornl.gov RI West, David/A-3414-2009 OI West, David/0000-0002-1265-9350 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP H23 EP H28 DI 10.1149/1.2137668 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 001NK UT WOS:000234543400071 ER PT J AU Huang, JF Luo, HM Dai, S AF Huang, JF Luo, HM Dai, S TI A new strategy for synthesis of novel classes of room-temperature ionic liquids based on complexation reaction of cations SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALT; EXTRACTION; SOLVENTS; ELECTRON; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; TRIS(BIPYRIDINE); TRANSITION; CATALYSIS; TRANSPORT AB A novel series of ionic liquids have been synthesized with a new methodology. The essence of this methodology is to form the cations of ionic liquids through the complexation reactions of neutral organic ligands with metal ions, followed by the subsequent metathesis reactions of the resulting salts with anion donors. We chose N-lithiotrifluoromethanesulfonimide (Li+ Tf2N-) as a candidate for anion donors because Tf2N- anions have high thermal stabilities and weakly coordinating properties, which are crucial to the generation of less viscous and more hydrophobic ionic liquids. The transition-metal ions chosen in our investigation are Ag+ and Zn2+. The uses of these ionic liquids as the new electrolytes for electrodeposition have been demonstrated. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 37 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP J9 EP J13 DI 10.1149/1.2150161 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 001NK UT WOS:000234543400074 ER PT J AU Zhou, XD Yang, JB Thomsen, EC Cai, Q Scarfino, BJ Nie, Z Coffey, GW James, WJ Yelon, WB Anderson, HU Pederson, LR AF Zhou, X. -D. Yang, J. B. Thomsen, E. -C. Cai, Q. Scarfino, B. J. Nie, Z. Coffey, G. W. James, W. J. Yelon, W. B. Anderson, H. U. Pederson, L. R. TI Electrical, thermoelectric, and structural properties of La(MxFe1-x)O-3 (M = Mn, Ni, Cu SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SEEBECK COEFFICIENT; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; DEFECT STRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; LANI1-XFEXO3; PEROVSKITES; TRANSPORT; NONSTOICHIOMETRY AB Electrical, thermoelectric, and structural properties were studied in transition metal ion-substituted LaFeO3: La(MnxFe1-x)O-3, La(NixFe1-x)O-3, and La(CuxFe1-x)O-3. Structural analysis showed that a continuous series of solid solutions with no intermediate phases are forming over a wide range (0 < x < 1) with substitutions of Mn and Ni, whereas the maximum Cu content is 30% from this study. The Ni-substituted LaFeO3 specimens have substantially higher conductivity than those substituted with either Mn or Cu, measured in air from 100 to 1000 C. The Seebeck coefficient of La(MnxFe1-x)O-3 and La(CuxFe1-x)O-3 has a strong temperature dependence, indicating a thermally activated carrier formation. The activation energy for carrier formation in La(CuxFe1-x)O-3 is greater than that in La(MnxFe1-x)O-3. Thermoelectric and electrical properties evidence conduction through polaron hopping in both Mn- and Cu-substituted LaFeO3, whereas the Ni-substituted LaFeO3 shows metallic conductivity. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Mat Res, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65102 USA. RP Zhou, XD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaodong.zhou@pnl.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 12 BP J133 EP J138 DI 10.1149/1.2358840 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 101RF UT WOS:000241757400081 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V Arora, P Ramadass, P AF Srinivasan, V Arora, P Ramadass, P TI Report on the electrolytic industries for the year 2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review AB This report, sponsored by the Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering Division of The Electrochemical Society, summarizes published information on production, plant capacities, consumption, demand, trends, prices, raw materials, new technology, and environmental issues in the electrolytic and related industries. The material presented in this report was obtained from many sources and does not necessarily represent the opinion of the authors or their employers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Celgard LLC, Charlotte, NC 28273 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vsrinivasan@lbl.gov NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP K1 EP K14 DI 10.1149/1.2172468 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 017WI UT WOS:000235723600071 ER PT J AU Sugar, JD McKeown, JT Akashi, T Hong, SM Nakashima, K Glaeser, AM AF Sugar, JD McKeown, JT Akashi, T Hong, SM Nakashima, K Glaeser, AM TI Transient-liquid-phase and liquid-film-assisted joining of ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Inorganic and Environmental Materials (ISIEM 2004) CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Philips, City Eindhoven, Technex bv, Corus Ceram Res Ctr, Fdn Cooperat Ceram Org, Dutch Soc Mat Sci DE joining; interfaces; fracture; strength; Al2O3 ID WIDE-GAP; COPPER/NIOBIUM/COPPER INTERLAYERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CU/NB/CU INTERLAYERS; THEORETICAL-MODEL; ALUMINA; METALS; INTERFACES; BONDS; WETTABILITY AB Two joining methods, transient-liquid-phase (TLP) joining and liquid-film-assisted joining (LFAJ), have been used to bond alumina ceramics. Both methods rely on multilayer metallic interlayers designed to form thin liquid films at reduced temperatures. The liquid films either disappear by interdiffusion (TLP) or promote ceramic/metal interface formation and Concurrent dewetting of the liquid film (LFAJ). Progress on extending the TLP method to lower temperatures by combining low-melting-point (< 450 degrees C) liquids and commercial reactive-metal brazes is described. Recent LFAJ work on joining alumina to niobium using copper films is presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ceram Sci Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 81281, Japan. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 319 Hearst Min Bldg,MC1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aglaeser@sapphire.berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4-5 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.06.034 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 006PZ UT WOS:000234910700002 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Singh, D Chen, N Goretta, KC Routbort, JL Majumdar, SH Dominguez-Rodriguez, A AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Singh, D Chen, N Goretta, KC Routbort, JL Majumdar, SH Dominguez-Rodriguez, A TI Fracture of composite alumina/yttria-stabilized zirconia joints SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Al2O3; ZrO2; fracture; finite element analysis; joints ID CERAMICS; STRESS AB Four-point bend tests have been performed on samples consisting of yttria-stabilized zirconia containing 0-80% alumina joined by plastic deformation to the same or different composition. The fracture strength of joints between the same composition was equal to the strength of the monolithic material. Fracture of joints made between different compositions occurred at the position of maximum tensile residual stress, as determined by finite-element analysis, not at the interface. Measured strengths were in accord with fracture mechanics and the calculated residual stresses. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@anl.gov RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015; OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163; Dominguez-Rodriguez, Arturo/0000-0003-1598-5669 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 961 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.12.035 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 014SH UT WOS:000235499700016 ER PT J AU Pavon, J Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Lopez-Esteban, S Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Pavon, J Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Lopez-Esteban, S Saiz, E Tomsia, AP TI Stress-corrosion cracking by indentation techniques of a glass coating on Ti6Al4V for biomedical applications SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biomedical applications; glass fracture; corrosion; mechanical properties; indentation ID BIOACTIVE GLASS; HERTZIAN INDENTATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; IMPLANTS; FRACTURE; ALLOY AB The fixation of bone replacement implants to the hosting tissue can be improved if the implants have a bioactive surface that can precipitate hydroxyapatite in vivo. Titanium alloys, despite their desirable mechanical and nontoxic properties, are not bioactive and do not bond directly to the bone. One of the ways to change a bioinert metallic surface such as a titanium alloy is to coat it with a bioactive material. This work presents the microstructural and stress-corrosion cracking characterization of two glass coatings on Ti6Al4V with different SiO2 contents (61% and 64%). These coatings belong to the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system and they were obtained by a simple enamelling technique. They will be used as the first layer of a bioactive multilayer system which will have an outer layer with a lower SiO2 content in order to ensure the surface bioactivity. Microstructural characterization performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows that the coating porosity is clearly influenced by the firing time because of the longer extension of the reaction between Ti and SiO2. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) integration method shows that the amount of crystalline phase (2.4CaO 0.6Na(2)O P2O5) percentage is between 3 vol.% and 16 vol.%. After acid etching, a microstructure with clear boundaries is observed which is the result of the sintered glass particles separation. Stress-corrosion cracking was evaluated using Vickers and Hertzian (spherical) indentation, showing that both coatings are sensitive to subcritical crack growth, and that the coating with the lower silica content is more sensitive to stress-corrosion cracking. These two results are related with the larger residual stresses due to the thermal expansion mismatch. Finally, the stress-corrosion ring cracking behavior by Hertzian indentation is rationalized from the linear-elastic fracture mechanics framework. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Cataluna, ETSEIB, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pavon, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, ETSEIB, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, Avda Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain. EM juan.jose.pavon-palacio@upc.es OI Jimenez-Pique, Emilio/0000-0002-6950-611X NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.045 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 028VY UT WOS:000236518100009 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Singh, D Routbort, JL Sambasivan, S Steiner, KA Adabie, J Rangan, KK AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Singh, D Routbort, JL Sambasivan, S Steiner, KA Adabie, J Rangan, KK TI High-temperature deformation of amorphous AlPO4-based nano-composites SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE creep; nanocomposites; deformation; AlPO4 ID CREEP; GLASSES; ALLOYS AB High-temperature compressive deformation of an amorphous aluminum phosphate nano-composite was investigated at 1200-1300 degrees C. Microstructural and X-ray diffraction investigations of sol-gel-derived material revealed an amorphous structure with relatively high fraction of closed porosity of approximate to 15 vol.%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed nanocrystallites, predominantly of carbon, dispersed in the amorphous matrix. Steady-state flow stresses were 10-50 MPa and 50-70 MPa for test temperatures of 1200 and 1300 degrees C. respectively, as the strain rates were varied from 5 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-5) s(-1). Flow stresses increased with strain rates at a fixed temperature: stress exponents were 2.2-2.8 for various test temperatures, indicative of non-Newtonian flow. The non-Newtonian flow was attributed to the presence of the nanocrystalline phases. The creep resistance was found to be on a par with those of conventional oxide ceramics. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Appl Thin Films Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@anl.gov RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.12.036 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 028VY UT WOS:000236518100011 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Lee, BI Hu, M Payzant, EA Blom, DA AF Wang, XY Lee, BI Hu, M Payzant, EA Blom, DA TI Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 powder via a sol process ambient conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sol-gel processes; powder-chemical preparation; BaTiO3; titanates ID BARIUM-TITANATE POWDERS; AQUEOUS SYNTHESIS LTAS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TETRAGONAL BATIO3; FINE POWDERS; TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; PARTICLE FORMATION; CERAMIC POWDERS; MONOLITHIC GELS AB Nanocrystalline BaTiO3, particles have been prepared by ambient condition sol (ACS) process starting from soluble precursors of barium and titanium yielding a mixed oxide/hydroxide gel. The gel was peptized and crystallized in water under a refluxing condition. Higher initial pH and Ba/Ti ratio led to smaller crystallite sizes of BaTiO3 powders. Organic mineralizer, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), can adsorb on the BaTiO3 nuclei and inhibited further growth of the particles. Adding a polymer during BaTiO3 synthesis led to a smaller particle size and increased redispersibility of the particles in water. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, BI (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM burt.lee@ces.clemson.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2319 EP 2326 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.04.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 053XH UT WOS:000238338900016 ER PT J AU Brochu, M Gauntt, BD Shah, R Miyake, G Loehman, RE AF Brochu, M. Gauntt, B. D. Shah, R. Miyake, G. Loehman, R. E. TI Comparison between barium and strontium-glass composites for sealing SOFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE joining; composites; glass ceramics; ZrO2; fuel cells; sealants ID FUEL-CELLS; PHASE; ZIRCONIA; SYSTEM AB The present study demonstrates the feasibility of adding micron-scale Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) powders to modify the properties of two borate glasses used for sealing electrolyte supported SOFCs. The crystallization of the composite made with a Ba-containing glass was found to be independent of the volume fraction of YSZ, as opposed to the situation for Sr-glass composites where the crystallization temperature decreased with the volume fraction of YSZ. The variation of the flow properties of both glass composites was measured using a wettability test, and an increase of the contact angle was measured when the volume fraction of additives was increased. Examining the microstructure showed that initially the Ba-containing glass reacted with YSZ to form a BaZrO3 compound. Long time exposure at 800 degrees C caused a large reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which is explained by increased formation of BaZrO3 and further change in glass composition. On the other hand, the reaction involving the Sr-containing glass with the YSZ additive shows the initial formation of calcium zirconate (Ca is an ingredient in both glasses) followed by appearance of strontium zirconate with further heating. For this Sr glass composition, the observed reduction of CTE was associated with the change in composition of the remaining glassy phase since the CTEs of the reaction products are close to the CTE of the YSZ additives. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Loehman, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM loehman@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 15 BP 3307 EP 3313 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.08.002 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 092GW UT WOS:000241086000033 ER PT J AU Smrcok, L Salamon, D Scholtzova, E Richardson, JW AF Smrcok, L'ubomir Salamon, David Scholtzova, Eva Richardson, James W., Jr. TI Time-of-flight Rietveld neutron structure refinement and quantum chemistry study of Y-alpha-sialon SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE powders-solid state reactions; Si3N4; Sialon; Rietveld refinement; neutron diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; CERAMICS; STABILITY; PHASE; TRANSFORMATION; ALPHA'-SIALON; BETA'-SIALON; DIFFRACTION; YTTRIUM AB A Y-alpha-sialon was prepared using a specially designed temperature regime supporting formation of alpha-sialon and the amount of non-crystalline phase was remarkably reduced by a chemical treatment. Chemical composition of the sample was determined by EDX analysis. Crystal structure of Y-a-sialon was refined using high quality time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data taken with the General Purpose Powder Diffractometer (GPPD) at the IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory. Unrestrained structure refinement was done in the P31c space group. The list of simultaneously refined parameters included profile parameters, atomic coordinates, individual isotropic temperature parameters and the occupancy parameter of Y. The contents of Y in the cell refined to 0.38(1) and calculated Si-N distances in tetrahedra varied from 1.716(3) to 1.773(3) angstrom, but their distributions in the respective tetrahedra differ as in the parent structure Of alpha-Si3N4. Anisotropic temperature parameters refinement, as well as constrained refinements of the occupancy parameters of Si-Al and N-O pairs, were also attempted, but they all ended with unphysical values. Variation of the background was analyzed using RDF formalism. Three peaks centered around 1.7 angstrom (with a shoulder at 2.2 angstrom), 2.8 angstrom and 3.5 angstrom proved that the composition of amorphous phase was close to that of crystalline. Ab initio cluster calculations per-formed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory excluded configuration with O atoms bonded to three Si atoms and proved that the most probable is the configuration where an 0 atom is shared by three At atoms. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smrcok, L (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM uachsmrk@savba.sk RI Salamon, David/A-6219-2012 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 16 BP 3925 EP 3931 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.11.006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 102VL UT WOS:000241841300053 ER PT J AU Lereu, AL Passian, A Farahi, RH Zahrai, S Thundat, T AF Lereu, A. L. Passian, A. Farahi, R. H. Zahrai, S. Thundat, T. TI Plasmonic Marangoni forces SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmon; Marangoni convective flow; microfluidics; sensing AB Localized surface-tension-driven forces (microscale Marangoni effect) caused by a temperature inhomogeneity from the decay of optically excited surface plasmons into phonons have been engaged in the actuation of adsorbed and applied liquid on a thin metal film. Microfluidic operations of transport, separation, mixing, and sorting have been experimentally and theoretically demonstrated using this all-optical modulation scheme. [DOI: 10.2971/jeos.2006.06030] C1 [Passian, A.; Thundat, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lereu, A. L.; Passian, A.; Farahi, R. H.; Thundat, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zahrai, S.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mech, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Lereu, AL (reprint author), ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. EM passianan@ornl.gov RI Lereu, Aude/P-6414-2016 OI Lereu, Aude/0000-0001-7390-7832 FU DOE OBER; DOE ERSP FX This work was supported by the DOE OBER and DOE ERSP. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-0096OR22725. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOC PI HANNOVER PA C/O LASER ZENTRUM HANNOVER, HOLLERITHALLEE 8, HANNOVER, 30419, GERMANY SN 1990-2573 J9 J EUR OPT SOC-RAPID JI J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ. PY 2006 VL 1 AR 06030 DI 10.2971/jeos.2006.06030 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA V93JZ UT WOS:000206312700030 ER PT J AU Abraham, FF AF Abraham, FF TI Unstable crack motion is predictable (vol 53, pg 1071, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Correction DE dynamic fracture; instability; materials failure; hyperelasticity; atomistic simulation; molecular dynamics; scaling AB Using a scaling relationship discussed in an earlier paper [Abraham, F. F., 2005. Unstable crack motion is predictable. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53, 1071-1075], we find that the steady-state speed of a unidirectional crack moving in a hyperelastic solid equals the crack speed in a linear solid with our "effective spring constant". (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Abraham, FF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM farid@almaden.ibm.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.08.002 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 996GN UT WOS:000234162500009 ER PT J AU Cerjan, C AF Cerjan, C TI Lateral spatial effects in compressor grating pairs SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHIRPED-PULSE AMPLIFICATION; LASER SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; TERAWATT; SIZE AB An effective computational technique to estimate lateral spatial effects in laser beams compressed by diffraction grating plates is established. In particular, the equivalence of the Kirchoff-Fresnel integral form to the exponential split-operator Fourier transform representation for a propagating-beam amplitude provides a more general numerical technique. Thus realistic beam profiles may be accurately propagated through the compressor pair, including grating-plate misalignment contributions. Additionally, the use of a stationary-phase approximation to the propagation integral kernel is shown to be a convenient, reliable method to evaluate analytical beam forms. Both the numerical and the approximate approaches generalize previously discussed ray-tracing approaches to optimize compressor design. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cerjan, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Cerjan@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000142 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 001JH UT WOS:000234528900021 ER PT J AU Cavalleri, A Rini, M Schoenlein, RW AF Cavalleri, A Rini, M Schoenlein, RW TI Ultra-broadband femtosecond measurements of the photo-induced phase transition in VO2: From the mid-IR to the hard x-rays SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE photo-induced phase transitions; strongly correlated electron systems; femtosecond x-rays ID METAL-INSULATOR; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; PULSES; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; PEIERLS; PHONONS; OXIDES AB We review our work on the photo-induced insulator-metal transition in the strongly-correlated, spin-Peierls compound VO2. Our pump-probe experiments exploit the full spectral range of modern femtosecond science, combining time-resolved mid-IR and visible techniques with ultrafast soft x-ray absorption and hard x-ray diffraction. We also report on the switching behavior of VO2 nanoparticles embedded in Silica or in optical fibers, a new route to incorporate complex, photo-active materials into technologically viable environments. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM a.cavalleri1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 22 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 AR 011004 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.75.011004 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 023DJ UT WOS:000236105300005 ER PT J AU Hilton, DJ Prasankumar, RP Trugman, SA Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Hilton, DJ Prasankumar, RP Trugman, SA Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD TI On photo-induced phenomena in complex materials: Probing quasiparticle dynamics using infrared and far-infrared pulses SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Review DE ultrafast; nonequilibrium dynamics; femtosecond; correlated electrons; far-infrared; infrared; iron; manganite; pyrochlore; ferromagnet ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; PYROCHLORE TL2MN2O7; TERAHERTZ EMISSION; CARRIER DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COLOSSAL-MAGNETORESISTANCE AB It is now possible to routinely generate and detect subpicosecond pulses in the mid and far-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum enabling novel time-resolved spectroscopic investigations. In the context of complex materials, spectral selectivity from approximately 0.001-1.0 eV is especially important since many relevant quasiparticle excitations lie in this range. This includes, as examples, gapped excitations related to superconductivity, charge ordering, and hybridization phenomena, phonon and polaron dynamics, and the coherent Drude response so intimately related to metal-insulator transitions. Temporally resolving spectral changes associated with such excitations in pump-probe-like experiments is proving to be a powerful tool in materials where multiple degrees of freedom (charge, lattice, spin, and orbital) conspire to determine functionality. Quite generally, important insights into ground state properties, coupling parameters, degrees of freedom influencing quasiparticle transport, the nature of phase transitions, and nonequilibrium dynamics can be obtained. Following a brief review of illustrative examples highlighting such possibilities we will present, in some detail, recent experiments on two different ferromagnetic materials. First, we describe terahertz emission experiments on single crystal iron thin films. Following photoexcitation, a burst of coherent THz radiation is emitted which is shown to be consistent with partial demagnetization of the Fe film occurring on a picosecond timescale. As a second example, we describe recent optical-pump infrared-probe measurements on the low carrier density magnetoresistive pyrochlore Tl2Mn2O7. In the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, the recombination of photoexcited carriers is strongly influenced by spin fluctuations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM raveritt@lanl.gov RI Hilton, David/E-4929-2010; OI Trugman, Stuart/0000-0002-6688-7228 NR 112 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 33 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 AR 011006 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.75.011006 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 023DJ UT WOS:000236105300007 ER PT J AU Lawrence, E Michailidis, G Nair, VN AF Lawrence, Earl Michailidis, George Nair, Vijayan N. TI Network delay tomography using flexicast experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deconvolution; EM algorithm; Internet; inverse problem; tree-structured graphs ID MULTICAST-BASED INFERENCE; LINK DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Estimating and monitoring the quality of service of computer and communications networks is a problem of considerable interest. The paper focuses on estimating link level delay distributions from end-to-end path level data collected by using active probing experiments. This is an interesting large scale statistical inverse (deconvolution) problem. We describe a flexible class of probing experiments ('flexicast') for data collection and develop conditions under which the link level delay distributions are identifiable. Maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm is studied. It does not scale well for large trees, so a faster algorithm based on solving for local maximum likehood estimators and combining their information is proposed. The usefulness of the methods is illustrated on real voice over Internet protocol data that were collected from the University of North Carolina campus network. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lawrence, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM earl@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7412 J9 J ROY STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2006 VL 68 BP 785 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2006.00567.x PN 5 PG 29 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 098DE UT WOS:000241500400004 ER PT J AU Marinkovic, NS Adzic, RR AF Marinkovic, Nebojsa S. Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Infrared spectroscopy of bare single crystal and nano-particle covered surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE infrared; spectroelectrochemistry; single crystal surfaces; noble metals; CO oxidation; bisulfate adsorption ID PT(111) ELECTRODE SURFACE; ADSORPTION; BISULFATE AB Infrared spectroelectrochemistry is the leading technique for in situ investigation of electrode - solution interfaces because it can both identify the species adsorbed at the metal/solution interface, and quantitatively follow their reaction and kinetic behavior. The unique capabilities of the method have been demonstrated by selective examples, including the identification of preferentially adsorbed species on single crystal surfaces of noble metals with hexagonal symmetry, and electrochemical oxidation of CO on bare and Pt-decorated single crystal Ru surfaces. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Catalyt Res, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marinkovic, NS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Catalyt Res, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM marinkov@bnl.gov RI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2006 VL 71 IS 8-9 BP 945 EP 948 DI 10.2298/JSC0609945M PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 111OY UT WOS:000242464100011 ER PT J AU Wunderlich, B AF Wunderlich, B. TI The contributions of MDSC to the understanding of the thermodynamics of polymers SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Univ City, CA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE coupling between phases; irreversible thermodynamics; nanophase; reversibility; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYSTYRENE AB Contributions of modem, temperature-modulated calorimetry are qualitatively and quantitatively discussed. The limitations are summarized, and it is shown that their understanding leads to new advances in instrumentation and measurement. The new thermal analysis experiments allow to separate reversing from irreversible processes. This opens the irreversible states and transitions to a description in terms of equilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics. Amorphous systems can be treated from macroscopic to nanometer sizes with weak to strong coupling between neighboring phases. Semicrystalline, macromolecular systems are understood on the basis of modulated calorimetry as globally metastable, micro-to-nanophase-separated systems with locally reversible transitions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7347-7 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 076MA UT WOS:000239961200032 ER PT J AU Malmgren, T Mays, J Pyda, M AF Malmgren, T Mays, J Pyda, M TI Characterization of poly(lactic acid) by size exclusion chromatography, differential refractometry, light scattering and thermal analysis SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE crystallinity; heat capacity; molecular mass; poly(lactic acid); refractive index ID CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; DRAWN; DSC AB A number of experimental techniques are employed to characterize physical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid), PLA. To characterize PLA in terms of molecular mass and molecular mass distribution, size exclusion chromatography was used. The value of the specific refractive index increment was measured by differential refractometry. The thermal properties of semicrystalline PLA were measured by standard and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of PLA was monitored by measuring the changes of mass using thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties of amorphous PLA were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis and the results were discussed and compared with DSC in the glass transition region. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. RP Malmgren, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM malmgren@novell.chem.utk.edu NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7066-0 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 014BA UT WOS:000235452500007 ER PT J AU Hobbs, ML AF Hobbs, ML TI Finite element modeling of syntactic foam SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE decomposition; effective thermal conductivity; lattice statistics; mass transport; removable syntactic foam AB A decomposition model has been developed to predict the response of removable syntactic foam (RSF) exposed to fire-like heat fluxes. RSF consists of glass micro-balloons (GMB) in a cured epoxy polymer matrix. A chemistry model is presented based on the chemical structure of the epoxy polymer, mass transport of polymer fragments to the bulk gas, and vapor-liquid equilibrium. Thermophysical properties were estimated from measurements. A bubble nucleation, growth, and coalescence model was used to describe changes in properties with the extent of reaction. Decomposition of a strand of syntactic foam exposed to high temperatures was simulated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Org 9116, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Org 9116, MS0836,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM mlhobbs@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-7098-5 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 014BA UT WOS:000235452500019 ER PT J AU Ames, FE Dvorak, LA AF Ames, FE Dvorak, LA TI Turbulent transport in pin fin arrays: Experimental data and predictions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The objective of this research has been to experimentally: investigate the fluid dynamics of pin fin arrays in order to clarify the physics of heat transfer enhancement and uncover problems in conventional turbulence models. The fluid dynamics of a staggered pin fin array has been studied using hot wire anemometry with both single- and x-wire probes at array Reynolds numbers of 3000, 10,000, and 30,000. Velocity. distributions off the endwall and pin surface have been acquired and analyzed to investigate turbulent transport in pin fin arrays. Well resolved 3D calculations have been performed using a commercial.. code with conventional two-equation turbulence models. Predictive comparisons have been made with fluid dynamic data. In early: rows where turbulence is low, the strength of shedding increases dramatically with increasing Reynolds numbers. The laminar velocity, profiles off the surface of pins show evidence of unsteady separation in early rows. In row three and beyond, laminar boundary, layers off pins are quite similar. Velocity profiles off endwalls are strongly, affected by the proximity of pins and turbulent transport. At the low Reynolds numbers, the turbulent transport and acceleration keep boundary layers thin. Endwall boundary layers at higher Reynolds numbers exhibit very high levels of skin friction enhancement. Well-resolved 3D steady calculations were made with several two-equation turbulence models and compared with experimental fluid mechanic and heat transfer data. The quality of the predictive comparison was substantially affected by the turbulence model and near-wall methodology. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Mech Engn, Grand Forks, ND 98202 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ames, FE (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Mech Engn, Grand Forks, ND 98202 USA. EM forest_ames@mail.und.nodak.edu NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1115/1.2098792 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 007HN UT WOS:000234959700008 ER PT J AU Geurts, BJ Holm, DD AF Geurts, BJ Holm, DD TI Leray and LANS-alpha modelling of turbulent mixing SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; FLUID; LAYER AB Mathematical regularization of the nonlinear terms in the Navier - Stokes equations is found to provide a systematic approach to deriving subgrid closures for numerical simulations of turbulent flow. By construction, these subgrid closures imply existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the corresponding modelled system of equations. We will consider the large-eddy interpretation of two such mathematical regularization principles, i.e. Leray and LANS- a regularization. The Leray principle introduces a smoothed transport velocity as part of the regularized convective nonlinearity. The LANS- a principle extends the Leray formulation in a natural way in which a filtered Kelvin circulation theorem, incorporating the smoothed transport velocity, is explicitly satisfied. These regularization principles give rise to implied subgrid closures which are implemented in large eddy simulations of turbulent mixing. Comparison with filtered direct numerical simulation data and with predictions obtained from popular dynamic eddy-viscosity modelling shows that these mathematical regularization models provide considerably more accuracy at a lower computational cost than the dynamic approaches. In particular, the regularization models perform especially well in capturing the flow features characteristic of the smaller resolved scales. Variations in spatial resolution and Reynolds number establish that the Leray model is more robust but also slightly less accurate than the LANS- a model. The LANS- a model retains more of the small-scale variability in the resolved solution. However, this requires a corresponding increase in the required spatial resolution. When using second-order finite volume discretization, the potential accuracy of the implied LANS- a model is found to be realized by using a grid spacing that is not larger than the length scale a that appears in the definition of this model. This paper is associated with the focus-issue Cascade Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modelling. C1 Univ Twente, Fac EEMCS, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Fluid Dynam Lab, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Comp Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Geurts, BJ (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac EEMCS, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM b.j.geurts@utwente.nl NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1080/14685240500501601 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 008TA UT WOS:000235062400001 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Rider, WJ Grinstein, FF AF Margolin, LG Rider, WJ Grinstein, FF TI Modeling turbulent flow with implicit LES SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MONOTONICITY-PRESERVING SCHEMES; REYNOLDS-NUMBER FLOWS; FREE SQUARE JETS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB Implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) is a methodology for modeling high Reynolds' number flows that combine computational efficiency and ease of implementation with predictive calculations and flexible application. Although ILES has been used for more than 15 years, it is only recently that significant effort has gone into providing a physical rationale that speaks to its capabilities and its limitations. In this article, we will present new theoretical results aimed toward building a justification for ILES. We will also compare ILES simulations of complex flows with data to illustrate practical aspects of the validation of our approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 15 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1080/14685240500331595 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 017QX UT WOS:000235709200001 ER PT J AU Naso, A Chertkov, M Pumir, A AF Naso, A Chertkov, M Pumir, A TI Scale dependence of the coarse-grained velocity derivative tensor: Influence of large-scale shear on small-scale turbulence SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE shear turbulence; flow topology; phenomenological models ID GRADIENT TENSOR; FLOWS; ANISOTROPY; FLUID AB We discuss the effect of large-scale anisotropy of the shear type on the small-scale structure of turbulence. Our analysis is based on numerical solutions of the Lagrangian tetrad model of Chertkov M., Pumir A. and Shraiman B. I. (1999, Physics of Fluids, 11, 2394) adapted to the model case with large-scale anisotropy. The model, formulated in terms of a set of stochastic differential equations for the coarse-grained velocity gradient and tensor of inertia of a typical shape, naturally connects Lagrangian and Eulerian parameterizations of turbulence. We use diagnostics of Chertkov et al. (1999) which allows us to analyse and interpret different correlation functions at the resolved scale in terms of the flow geometry. Our main conclusion, concerning the issue of anisotropy, is that even though overall the local isotropy is restored with the scale decrease, the particular pace of the isotropy restoration depends very much on the object analysed. We found that the vorticity-dominated objects, such as enstrophy, tend to restore the isotropy much faster than their strain-dominated counterparts, e.g. energy flux and strain variance. C1 Univ Nice, CNRS, UMR 6618, Inst Non Lineaire Nice, F-06560 Valbonne, France. Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pumir, A (reprint author), Univ Nice, CNRS, UMR 6618, Inst Non Lineaire Nice, 1361 Route Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne, France. EM Alain.Pumir@inln.cnrs.fr RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 41 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/14685240600754563 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 051HV UT WOS:000238153100001 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR To, B Jiang, CS Xu, Y Nelson, BP Teplin, CW Jones, KM Perkins, J Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, HR To, B Jiang, CS Xu, Y Nelson, BP Teplin, CW Jones, KM Perkins, J Al-Jassim, MM TI How deposition parameters control growth dynamics of nc-Si deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SILICON THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SOLAR-CELLS; DECOMPOSITION; FILAMENT AB We studied the growth of silicon films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition under different values of filament current, substrate temperature, and hydrogen dilution ratio. The physical and electrical properties of the films were Studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, conductive-atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. There is all interdependence of the growth parameters, and films grown with different parameters can have similar structures. We discuss why this interdependence occurs and how it influences the properties of the deposited films, as well as the deposition rate. In general, the films have a complex structure, with a mixture of amorphous, (220)-oriented crystalline and nanocrystalline phases present in most cases. The amount of each phase call be controlled by the variation of one or more of the growth parameters at a time. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM helio_moutinho@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1116/1.2137331 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 005HV UT WOS:000234814100015 ER PT J AU Hollenshead, J Klebanoff, L AF Hollenshead, J Klebanoff, L TI Modeling radiation-induced carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; MEAN FREE PATHS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ESCAPE DEPTHS; OXIDATION; FILMS; MICROSCOPE; MOLECULES; ABSOLUTE AB A comprehensive model of radiation-induced carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics is presented. The mathematical model describes the key processes that contribute to the deposition of a carbon film on a multilayer optic when the optic is exposed to EUV radiation in the presence of residual hydrocarbons. These processes include the transport of residual hydrocarbons to the irradiated area, molecular diffusion across the optic surface, and the subsequent dissociation or "cracking" of the hydrocarbon by both direct EUV ionization and secondary electron excitation. Model predictions of carbon growth are compared to measurements taken on optics exposed to EUV in the presence of residual hydrocarbons. Model estimates of hydrocarbon film growth under various conditions of hydrocarbon partial pressures and EUV power demonstrate the sensitivity of film growth to varying operating conditions. Both the model and experimental data indicate that the predominant cause of hydrocarbon dissociation is bond breaking by direct photon absorption, rather than by dissociation processes caused by exposure to secondary electrons. Detailed predictions for carbon deposition for a variety of conditions of EUV power and hydrocarbon pressure are reported. The model successfully predicts that light hydrocarbons (< similar to 100 amu) pose a negligible risk to EUV optics, in general agreement with the experiment. Calculations also predict that modest increases in substrate temperature, on the order of 30 degrees C, will substantially reduce optic contamination by increasing hydrocarbon desorption from the surface. Model investigation of surface diffusion indicates that, while surface diffusion is an important surface phenomenon for light gases, for the heavier hydrocarbons that contribute substantially to contamination, surface diffusion is not an important transport phenomenon. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hollenshead, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jtholle@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 64 EP 82 DI 10.1116/1.2140005 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900013 ER PT J AU Fleming, RM Draper, BL AF Fleming, RM Draper, BL TI Gate oxide reliability in an integrated metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-microelectromechanical system technology SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN; GENERATION; SIO2-FILMS; SILICON; FILMS; POLYSILICON; DIFFUSION; IMPACT AB We have demonstrated a simple technique for building n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and complex micromechanical systems simultaneously instead of serially, allowing a more straightforward integration of complete systems. The fabrication sequence uses few additional process steps and only one additional masking layer compared with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-only technology, but exposes the MOSFET gate oxide to the extreme temperatures of MEMS processing. We find that the high-temperature MEMS anneals can greatly change the current-voltage characteristics of the SiO2 gate oxide film. Defects are introduced by the high -temperature processing which result in considerable positive-charge trapping at short times that leads to increased currents using high bias fields and short bias times. At longer times, the current across the oxide decays as 1/time suggesting electron traps that are uniformly distributed in the bulk of the oxide. A traditional reliability evaluation of the thick oxides using time-dependent dielectric breakdown is greatly hampered by excessive impact ionization that occurs at high gate voltages. This makes a rigorous evaluation of gate oxide lifetime at use fields difficult. We do note that while the current below breakdown is altered by the positive-charge trapping, the voltages at breakdown seen in ramps are not severely impacted by the high-temperature annealing. Breakdown voltages of films annealed at the highest of the temperatures studied here are about the same as those of unannealed films. The breakdown fields of these stressed oxides are 10-11 MV/cm, suggesting that reliable SUMMiT (TM) field-effect transistor process gate oxides can be fabricated as long as the use voltage is well below the onset for impact ionization. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Draper, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM draperbl@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1116/1.2141628 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900016 ER PT J AU Hollenshead, J Klebanoff, L AF Hollenshead, J Klebanoff, L TI Modeling extreme ultraviolet H2O oxidation of ruthenium optic coatings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN; CONTAMINATION; WATER AB A mathematical model of extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-induced oxidation of a ruthenium (Ru)-coated EUV optic is presented. The model describes the key processes that contribute to the growth of the oxide within the optic when exposed to EUV radiation in the presence of water vapor. These processes include the adsorption and thermal desorption of water to and from the Ru surface, molecular diffusion of water across the optic surface, and the dissociation of the water by both direct EUV ionization and secondary electron excitation. Oxygen produced by dissociation may associatively desorb from the surface or may diffuse into the Ru subsurface where it can react to form an oxide. The presence of oxygen in the Ru coating, whether as oxide or atomic oxygen, reduces the reflectivity of the optic and the overall throughput of the EUV lithographic system. The model predicts oxide thickness over time, which may later be used to estimate the reflectively loss attributable to the oxide in any given EUV environment. Model predictions for EUV-induced oxide growth provide a good description of the oxide growth observed in available electron-beam experiments. The model is also used to estimate oxygen penetration into the Ru. coating under various conditions of water partial pressure, EUV power, and temperature. The model predicts reduced oxidation with higher temperatures and for substrates that bind water less tightly than ruthenium. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hollenshead, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jtholle@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1116/1.2150225 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900021 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Hundley, MF Thompson, JD Dickerson, RM Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Hundley, MF Thompson, JD Dickerson, RM Nastasi, M TI Investigation of the magnetic susceptibility of nanocomposites obtained in zero-field-cooled conditions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; SYSTEM AB An investigation of the effect of particle size, size dispersion, intensity of applied field, and anisotropy constant on the characteristics of the superparamagnetism of magnetic nanocomposites was carried out using an integral equation for the magnetic susceptibility that assumes uniaxial anisotropy. The nanoscopic phase of the composites is composed of noninteracting randomly oriented single-domain spheres embedded in a nonmagnetic host. A Gaussian distribution for the particle diameter dispersion was used in agreement with experimental results. The results show that the above parameters alter the position and width of the superparamagnetic peak, but only particle size and size dispersion can affect the shape of the high-temperature susceptibility tail above the peak temperature. Higher size dispersion values lead to broader peaks shifted to higher temperatures and flatter high-temperature tails. Simulations of experimental data obtained from cobalt nanocomposites, where the average particle size and size distribution were previously determined by transmission electron microscopy, yielded very good agreement. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1116/1.2162571 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900059 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Tong, T Delzeit, L Kashani, A Meyyappan, M Majumdar, A AF Zhao, Y Tong, T Delzeit, L Kashani, A Meyyappan, M Majumdar, A TI Interfacial energy and strength of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-based dry adhesive SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GECKO FOOT-HAIR; MULTILAYERED METAL-CATALYSTS; MICROSCOPY; LIZARDS; SURFACE; FORCE; SETAE AB Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays can mimic the hairs on a gecko's foot and act as a dry adhesive. We demonstrate the van der Waals interactions originated dry adhesion between MWCNT array surfaces and various target surfaces over millimeter-sized contact areas. The adhesive strengths were measured over 10 N/cm(2) in the normal direction and about 8 N/cm2 in the shear direction with glass surface: The adhesion strength over repeated cycles is limited by the relatively poor adhesion of MWCNTs to their growth substrate, which was improved significantly by adding molybdenum to the catalyst underlayer. We also measured the interfacial work of adhesion as a fundamental adhesion property at the interface. Our measured values of a few tens of mJ/m, which falls in the range of typical van der Waals interactions energies, provide a direct proof of the van der Waals dry adhesion mechanism. Furthermore, in contrast to other dry adhesives, we show that MWCNT adhesives are electrically and thermally conducting, which makes them a unique interfacial material. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Atlas Sci Inc, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94780 USA. RP Atlas Sci Inc, 1367 Camino Robles Way, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. EM yangz@me.berkeley.edu NR 23 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 41 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1116/1.2163891 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 019OF UT WOS:000235845900061 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Hazenberg, MD Perelson, AS Davenport, MP AF Ribeiro, RM Hazenberg, MD Perelson, AS Davenport, MP TI Naive and memory cell turnover as drivers of CCR5-to-CXCR4 tropism switch in human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Implications for therapy SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 INFECTION; IN-VIVO; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; RHESUS MACAQUES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; CCR5 INHIBITOR AB Early human immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by the predominance of CCR5-tropic (R5) virus. However, in many individuals CXCR4-tropic (X4) virus appears in late infection. The reasons for this phenotypic switch are unclear. The patterns of chemokine receptor expression suggest that X4 and R5 viruses have a preferential tropism for naive and memory T cells, respectively. Since memory cells divide approximately 10 times as often as naive cells in uninfected individuals, a tropism for memory cells in early infection may provide an advantage. However, with disease progression both naive and memory cell division frequencies increase, and at low CD4 counts, the naive cell division frequency approaches that of memory cells. This may provide a basis for the phenotypic switch from R5 to X4 virus observed in late infection. We show that a model of infection using observed values for cell turnover supports this mechanism. The phenotypic switch from R5 to X4 virus occurs at low CD4 counts and is accompanied by a rapid rise in viral load and drop in CD4 count. Thus, low CD4 counts are both a cause and an effect of X4 virus dominance. We also investigate the effects of different antiviral strategies. Surprisingly, these results suggest that both conventional antiretroviral regimens and CCR5 receptor-blocking drugs will promote R5 virus over X4 virus. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CLB, Sanquin Res Ctr, Dept Clin Viroimmunol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Haematol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Vasc Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555, P20 RR018754, R01 RR006555, RR18754-02]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433] NR 62 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.2.802-809.2006 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 999IL UT WOS:000234382900026 PM 16378982 ER PT J AU Blay, WM Gnanakaran, S Foley, B Doria-Rose, NA Korber, BT Haigwood, NL AF Blay, WM Gnanakaran, S Foley, B Doria-Rose, NA Korber, BT Haigwood, NL TI Consistent patterns of change during the divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope from that of the inoculated virus in simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IN-VIVO; V3 LOOP; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HIV-1 GP120; INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CORECEPTOR USAGE; ESCAPE VARIANTS AB We have analyzed changes to proviral Env gp120 sequences and the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during 1 year of simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-89.6P infection in 11 Macaca nemestrina macaques. Seven macaques had significant env divergence from that of the inoculum, and macaques with greater divergence had higher titers of homologous NAbs. Substitutions in sequons encoding potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGs) were among the first to be established, although overall the total number of sequons did not increase significantly. The majority (19 of 23) of PNGs present in the inoculum were conserved in the sequences from all macaques. Statistically significant variations in PNGs occurred in multiple macaques within constrained regions we term "hot spots," resulting in the selection of sequences more similar to the B consensus. These included additions on V1, the N-terminal side of V4, and the outer region of C2. Complex mutational patterns resulted in convergent PNG shifts in V2 and V5. Charge changes in Env V1V2, resulting in a net acidic charge, and a proline addition in V5 occurred in several macaques. Molecular modeling of the 89.6P sequence showed that the conserved glycans lie on the silent face of Env and that many are proximal to disulfide bonds, while PNG additions and shifts are proximal to the CD4 binding site. Nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratios suggest that these changes result from selective pressure. This longitudinal and cross-sectional study of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) env in the SHIV background provides evidence that there are more constraints on the configuration of the glycan shield than were previously appreciated. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Viral Vaccines Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haigwood, NL (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Viral Vaccines Program, 307 Westlake Ave N,Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM Nancy.Haigwood@sbri.org OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI054564, P01-AI54564, P30 AI027757, P30-AI27757] NR 69 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 999 EP 1014 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.2.999-1014.2006 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 999IL UT WOS:000234382900045 PM 16379001 ER PT J AU Doerr, TB Silvy, NJ AF Doerr, TB Silvy, NJ TI Effects of supplemental feeding on physiological condition of Northern Bobwhite in South Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE body fat; Colinus virginianus; northern bobwhite; physiological condition; supplemental feeding; Texas ID HABITAT MANAGEMENT; FOOD; ENERGETICS; RESPONSES; BIRDS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Doerr, TB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM tdoerr@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[517:EOSFOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 045AD UT WOS:000237714100022 ER PT S AU Datta, K Bonachea, D Yelick, K AF Datta, Kaushik Bonachea, Dan Yelick, Katherine BE Aygauade, E Baumgartner, G Ramanujam, J Sadayappan, P TI Titanium performance and potential: An NPB experimental study SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC 2005) CY OCT 20-22, 2005 CL Hawthorne, NY SP US Natl Sci Fdn, IBM AB Titanium is an explicitly parallel dialect of Java (TM) designed for high-performance scientific programming. We present an overview of the language features and demonstrate their use in the context of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, a standard suite of common scientific kernels. We argue that parallel languages like Titanium provide greater expressive power than conventional approaches, enabling much more concise and expressive code that minimizes time to solution. Moreover, we have found that the Titanium implementations of three of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks can match or even exceed the performance of the standard Fortran/MPI implementations at realistic problem sizes and processor scales, while still using far cleaner, shorter and more maintainable code. C1 [Datta, Kaushik; Bonachea, Dan; Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yelick, Katherine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Datta, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kdatta@cs.berkeley.edu; bonachea@cs.berkeley.edu; yelick@cs.berkeley.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69329-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4339 BP 200 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69330-7_14 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT41 UT WOS:000244508300014 ER PT S AU Bochev, P Hughes, TJR Scovazzi, G AF Bochev, P Hughes, TJR Scovazzi, G BE Lirkov, I Margenov, S Wasniewski, J TI A multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method SO LARGE-SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing (LSSC 2005) CY JUN 06-10, 2005 CL Sozopol, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Parallel Proc ID ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS AB We propose a new class of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods based on variational multiscale ideas. Our approach begins with an additive decomposition of the discontinuous finite element space into continuous (coarse) and discontinuous (fine) components. Variational multiscale analysis is used to define an interscale transfer operator that associates coarse and fine scale functions. Composition of this operator with a donor DC method yields a new formulation that combines the advantages of DG methods with the attractive and more efficient computational structure of a continuous Galerkin method. The new class of DG methods is illustrated for a scalar advection-diffusion problem. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; hughes@ices.utexas.edu; gscovaz@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-31994-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3743 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1007/11666806_8 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEA48 UT WOS:000236456400008 ER PT S AU Oulianov, DA Korovyanko, OJ Crowell, RA Gosztola, DJ Shkrob, IA Rey-de-Castro, RC Elles, CG AF Oulianov, DA Korovyanko, OJ Crowell, RA Gosztola, DJ Shkrob, IA Rey-de-Castro, RC Elles, CG BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Giesen, A Nickel, D Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Subpicosecond radiolysis by means of terawatt laser wakefield accelerator - art. no. 610126 SO Laser Beam Control and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE laser wakefield electron acceleration; ultrafast pulse radiolysis; terawatt lasers ID PICOSECOND TIME RESOLUTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; ELECTRON-BEAMS; LIQUID WATER; SYSTEM; FEMTOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN AB A novel subpicosecond pulse radiolysis experimental system has been developed in Terawatt Ultrafast High Field Facility (TUHFF) at Argonne National Laboratory. TUHFF houses a 20 TW Ti:sapphire laser system that generates 2.5 nC sub-picosecond pulses of 4-25 MeV electrons at 10 Hz using laser wakefield acceleration. The system has been optimized for chemical studies. The subpicosecond electron pulses were used to generate hydrated electrons in pulse radiolysis of liquid water. Preliminary transient absorption spectroscopy data with picosecond resolution is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oulianov, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6143-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6101 BP 10126 EP 10126 AR 610126 DI 10.1117/12.675463 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEE62 UT WOS:000236975200067 ER PT S AU Chen, BY Kegelmeyer, LM Liebman, JA Salmon, JT Tzeng, J Paglieroni, DW AF Chen, BY Kegelmeyer, LM Liebman, JA Salmon, JT Tzeng, J Paglieroni, DW BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Giesen, A Nickel, D Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Detection of laser optic defects using gradient direction matching - art. no. 61011L SO Laser Beam Control and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE automatic detection of diffraction ring patterns; pattern recognition in images; optics inspection AB That National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will be the world's largest and most energetic laser. It has thousands of optics and depends heavily on the quality and performance of these optics. Over the past several years, we have developed the NIF Optics Inspection Analysis System that automatically finds defects in a specific optic by analyzing images taken of that optic. This paper describes a new and complementary approach for the automatic detection of defects based on detecting the diffraction ring patterns in downstream optic images caused by defects in upstream optics. Our approach applies a robust pattern matching algorithm for images called Gradient Direction Matching (GDM). GDM compares the gradient directions (the direction of flow from dark to light) of pixels in a test image to those of a specified model and identifies regions in the test image whose gradient directions are most in line with those of the specified model. For finding rings, we use luminance disk models whose pixels have gradient directions all pointing toward the center of the disk. After GDM identifies potential rings locations, we rank these rings by how well they fit the theoretical diffraction ring pattern equation. We perform false alarm mitigation by throwing out rings of low fit. A byproduct of this fitting procedure is an estimate of the size of the defect and its distance from the image plane. We demonstrate the potential effectiveness of this approach by showing examples of rings detected in real images of NIF optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, BY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6143-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6101 BP L1011 EP L1011 AR 61011L DI 10.1117/12.659867 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEE62 UT WOS:000236975200047 ER PT S AU Zinovev, AV Moore, JF Calaway, WF Pellin, MJ Veryovkin, IV AF Zinovev, AV Moore, JF Calaway, WF Pellin, MJ Veryovkin, IV BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Giesen, A Nickel, D Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Laser-driven acoustic waves in back-irradiated thin solid foils - art. no. 61011U SO Laser Beam Control and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE laser; acoustic wave; metals; thin foil; plasma ID ELASTIC-WAVES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METALS; GENERATION; EXCITATION; PULSES AB Acoustic waves, generated in solids by irradiation of a surface with powerful laser pulses, are widely used to study mechanical, thermal and elastic properties of materials. Application of this technique to MEMS technology will open new insights into fabrication and characterization but will require understanding of acoustic wave generation in small-sized objects. To that end, acoustic wave generation was studied in thin (10-50 mu m) metal and semiconductor foils (including Mo, Si, W, Ni, Ta, Au) back-side irradiated by nanosecond IR and UV laser pulses over a range of peak intensities. Both interferometric techniques and capacitance transducers were employed for detection of surface displacements in the foils. By varying the peak laser power over a wide range of intensities (1-500 MW/cm(2)) detection of the transition from a thermoelastic to a laser-plasma driven shock-wave mechanism for acoustic wave generation was possible. Measurements show that this transition is accompanied by a dramatic change in the waveform of the generated shock-wave and that this waveform differs for various materials and foil thicknesses. Since thin foils were studied, the longitudinal and shear waves were experimentally indistinguishable, making the observed waveform very complex. Moreover, at higher peak laser powers, mechanical vibrations at resonance frequencies of the thin foils can occur and further complicate the analysis. Nevertheless, the observed phenomena can be described in the framework of a simplified theoretical model and can be used for materials testing in different applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zinovev, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6143-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6101 BP U1011 EP U1011 AR 61011U DI 10.1117/12.12.645081 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEE62 UT WOS:000236975200056 ER PT S AU Moses, EI Bonanno, RE Haynam, CA Kauffman, RL MacGowan, BJ Patterson, RW Sawicki, RH Van Wonterghem, BM AF Moses, EI Bonanno, RE Haynam, CA Kauffman, RL MacGowan, BJ Patterson, RW Sawicki, RH Van Wonterghem, BM BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Giesen, A Nickel, D Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Progress on the National Ignition Facility SO LASER BEAM CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Beam Control and Applications CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE laser; ignition; experiments; facility ID TARGETS; LIGHT; FUSION; BEAM AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility presently under construction at LLNL. When completed, NIF will produce 1.8 MJ, 500 TW of ultraviolet light making it the world's largest and most powerful laser system. NIF will be the world's preeminent facility for performing experiments for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High Energy Density Science (HEDS). The Project, begun in 1995, is over 80% complete. The building and the beam path are essentially complete. Nearly all of the functionality of the laser subsystems has been demonstrated. NIF has demonstrated on a single beam basis that it meets its performance goals and shown the laser's precision and flexibility for pulse shaping, pointing, and timing. Beam conditioning techniques, important for target performance, were also demonstrated. The focal spot can be tailored to user specifications using phase plates. Temporal smoothing using smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) as well as polarization smoothing was demonstrated. The remaining work is mostly to complete the optics and install them in the beam path and complete the utilities. Presently, eight beams have been activated through the amplifiers and spatial filters to the switchyard wall. Over 150 kJ of 1 omega light has been produced with just 4% of the NIF capacity activated. The Project is scheduled for completion in 2009 and plans have been developed to begin ignition experiments in 2010. This talk will provide NIF status, the plan to complete NIF, and the path to ignition. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6143-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6101 AR 610106 DI 10.1117/12.674312 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEE62 UT WOS:000236975200004 ER PT J AU Cremers, DA Radziemski, LJ AF Cremers, David A. Radziemski, Leon J. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI History and fundamentals of LIBS SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED-BREAKDOWN-SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; HEAVY-METALS; ABLATION; AIR; SOILS C1 [Cremers, David A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Radziemski, Leon J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cremers, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 76 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 39 PG 39 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500002 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Miziolek, AW AF Russo, Richard E. Miziolek, Andrzej W. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS) Fundamentals and Applications Preface SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miziolek, Andrzej W.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 756 Z9 758 U1 3 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP XV EP XVII PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500001 ER PT J AU Anglos, D Miller, JC AF Anglos, Demetrios Miller, John C. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI Cultural heritage applications of LIBS SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-COUPLED-DEVICE; PIGMENT IDENTIFICATION; OIL PAINTINGS; PAINTED ARTWORKS; ANALYSIS SYSTEM C1 [Anglos, Demetrios] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Miller, John C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Anglos, D (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. NR 120 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP 332 EP 367 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541261 PG 36 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500010 ER PT J AU Russo, RE AF Russo, R. E. BE Miziolek, AW Palleschi, V Schechter, I TI Short-pulse LIBS: fundamentals and applications SO LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-ABLATION; INDUCED PLASMA; ICP-MS; NANOSECOND; PICOSECOND; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; EMISSION; REMOVAL; SAMPLES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-85274-6 PY 2006 BP 477 EP 489 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BXT02 UT WOS:000297006500014 ER PT J AU Anderson, RR Farinelli, W Yaroslavsky, A Laubach, H Manstein, D Dylla, HF Benson, SV Chandler, W Douglas, D Gubeli, J Jordan, K Neil, GR Shinn, M Williams, GP AF Anderson, RR Farinelli, W Yaroslavsky, A Laubach, H Manstein, D Dylla, HF Benson, SV Chandler, W Douglas, D Gubeli, J Jordan, K Neil, GR Shinn, M Williams, GP TI Action spectrum for selective photothermal excitation of fatty tissue SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Harvard Univ, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 111 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900109 ER PT S AU Steinwart, I Hush, D Scovel, C AF Steinwart, Ingo Hush, Don Scovel, Clint BE Lugosi, G Simon, HU TI Function classes that approximate the Bayes risk SO LEARNING THEORY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT 2006) CY JUN 22-25, 2006 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP IBM, Google, Machine Learning Journal, Natl ICT Australia HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID CONSISTENCY AB Many learning algorithms approximately minimize a risk functional over a predefined function class. In order to establish consistency for such algorithms it is therefore necessary to know whether this function class approximates the Bayes risk. In this work we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the latter. We then apply these results to reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces used in support vector machines (SVMs). Finally, we briefly discuss universal consistency of SVMs for non-compact input domains. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov; dhush@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-35294-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2006 VL 4005 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1007/11776420_9 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEV20 UT WOS:000239587900009 ER PT B AU Krommes, JA AF Krommes, John A. BE Shats, M Punzmann, H TI Analytical descriptions of plasma turbulence SO LECTURE NOTES ON TURBULENCE AND COHERENT STRUCTURES IN FLUIDS, PLASMAS AND NONLINEAR MEDIA SE World Scientific Lecture Notes in Complex Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Canberra International Physics Summer School CY JAN 16-20, 2006 CL Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Res Council Complex Open Syst Res Network HO Australian Natl Univ ID DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; GUIDING-CENTER PLASMA; REALIZABLE MARKOVIAN CLOSURE; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; EDGE TURBULENCE; QUASILINEAR THEORY; ZONAL FLOWS AB An overview of the current state of fundamental plasma turbulence theory as applied to magnetic confinement is presented. Various topics, both historical and contemporary, in the analytical description of plasma turbulence are discussed. Modern gyrokinetic formalism is described heuristically, and various important nonlinear equations derived therefrom are highlighted. Several examples of the transition to turbulence are mentioned. The venerable quasilinear theory is discussed as an important exarnple of statistical closure. Resonance-broadening theory is motivated, and some plasma-physics uses of the direct-interaction approximation and its Markovian relatives are described. The Martin-Siggia-Rose formalism is introduced. The theory of zonal-flow generation is shown to provide interesting examples of field-theoretic functional techniques, Markovian closure theory, and adiabatic and wave-kinetic methods. As an example of intermittent phenomena, the formation and propagation of coherent plasma "blobs" are briefly discussed. Some outstanding issues and challenging research areas are enumerated. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Krommes, JA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 28, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM krommes@princeton.edu NR 216 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-698-0 J9 WORLD SCI LECT NOTES PY 2006 VL 4 BP 115 EP 232 PG 118 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BFX64 UT WOS:000245306200004 ER PT S AU Quinlan, D Schordan, M Yi, Q Saebjornsen, A AF Quinlan, Dan Schordan, Markus Yi, Qing Saebjornsen, Andreas BE Margaria, T Steffen, B TI Classification and utilization of abstractions for optimization SO LEVERAGING APPLICATIONS OF FORMAL METHODS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Leaveraging Applications of Formal Methods CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2004 CL Paphos, CYPRUS ID LIBRARIES AB We define a novel approach for optimizing the use of libraries within applications. We propose that library-defined abstractions be annotated with additional semantics to support their automated optimization. By leveraging these additional semantics we enable specialized optimizations of application codes which use library abstractions. We believe that such an approach entails the use of formal methods. It is a common perception that performance is inversely proportional to the level of abstraction. Our work shows that this is not the case if the additional semantics of library-defined abstractions can be leveraged. We describe ROSE, a framework for building source-to-source translators that perform high-level optimizations on scientific applications. ROSE allows the recognition of library abstractions and the optimization of their use in applications. We show how ROSE can utilize the semantics of user-defined abstractions in libraries within the compile-time optimization of applications. C1 [Quinlan, Dan; Yi, Qing] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Schordan, Markus] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Saebjornsen, Andreas] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Quinlan, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM dquinlan@llnl.gov; markus@complang.tuwien.ac.at; yi4@llnl.gov; andreas.sabjornsen@fys.uio.no NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-48928-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4313 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1007/11925040_5 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFV63 UT WOS:000244887700005 ER PT S AU Pieck, M Stephens, JR Brumby, SB Pope, PA Channell, RA Birnbaum, ER AF Pieck, Martin Stephens, John R. Brumby, Steven B. Pope, Paul A. Channell, Ryan A. Birnbaum, Eva R. BE Singh, UN TI An expert Lidar Data Analysis Toolset for explosive debris plumes SO Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing II CY SEP 13-14, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP SPIE Europe DE lidar; remote sensing; debris plumes; data analysis; toolset AB Open-air explosive activities are carried out by a variety of institutions, including government agencies and private organizations. These activities result in debris plumes that contain elements of the explosive package as well as substantial amounts of entrained environmental materials. While Lidar monitoring technology for these situations has been around for years we developed a unique, interactive, post-experiment Lidar Data Analysis Toolset (LIDATO) that allows the expert user to determine the location, backscatter intensity distribution, volume, and boundaries for general debris plumes at any given time. This is true with the exception of the early development and transport of the plume where the plume is typically opaque to the Lidar and only the plume edge facing the Lidar system can be mapped. For this reason we incorporated video coverage using multiple cameras. While the analysis of the video is handled separately we used the resulting plume position data and combined them with the LIDATO results. The data-fusion product refines the separately gained results and increases the data set accuracy in all aspects for the early stages of the explosion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pieck, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6462-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6367 BP U119 EP U130 DI 10.1117/12.692452 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFQ82 UT WOS:000243895800011 ER PT S AU Fthenakis, VM Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, Vasilis M. Kim, Hyung Chul BE Papasavva, S Fthenakis, V TI Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in: The life cycle of CdTe photovoltaics SO Life-Cycle Analysis Tools for Green Materials and Process Selection SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life-Cycle Analysis Tools for Green Materials and Process Selection held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID INVENTORIES AB The life cycle of the thin film CdTe PV modules in the U.S. have been investigated based on materials and energy inventories for a commercial 25 MW/yr production plant. The energy payback times (EPBT) of these modules are 0.75 years and the GHG emissions are 18 gCO(2). eq/kWh for average U.S. solar irradiation conditions. Adding the impact of an optimized ground-level balance of system (BOS), result in a total EPBT of 1.2 years and total life-cycle GHG emissions of 24 gCO(2).eq/kWh. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Photovolta Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Photovolta Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kim, Hyung Chul/0000-0002-0992-4547 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-850-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 895 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Industrial; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEG59 UT WOS:000237226800008 ER PT S AU Dillon, AC Nelson, BP Zhao, Y Kim, YH Tracy, CE Zhang, SB AF Dillon, A. C. Nelson, B. P. Zhao, Y. Kim, Y-H. Tracy, C. E. Zhang, S. B. BE Papasavva, S Fthenakis, V TI Importance of turning to renewable energy resources with hydrogen as a promising candidate and on-board storage a critical barrier SO Life-Cycle Analysis Tools for Green Materials and Process Selection SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Life-Cycle Analysis Tools for Green Materials and Process Selection held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2005 CL Boston, MA AB The majority of the world energy consumption is derived from fossil fuels. Furthermore, the United States (US) consumption of petroleum vastly exceeds its production, with the majority of petroleum being consumed in the transportation sector. The increasing dependency on foreign fuel resources in conjunction with the severe environmental impacts of a petroleum-based society dictates that alternative renewable energy resources be developed. The US Department of Energy's (DOE'S) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences are currently promoting a vehicular hydrogen-based energy economy. However, none of the current on-board storage technologies are suitable for practical and safe deployment. Significant scientific advancement is therefore still required if a viable on-board storage technology is to be developed. A detailed discussion of the benefits of transitioning to a hydrogen-powered automotive fleet as well as the tremendous technical hurdles faced for the development of an on-board hydrogen storage system are provided here. A novel class of theoretically predicted nanostructured materials that could revolutionize hydrogen storage materials is also presented. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-850-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 895 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Industrial; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEG59 UT WOS:000237226800012 ER PT S AU Yang, JH Hryn, JN Krumdick, GK AF Yang, Jianhong Hryn, John N. Krumdick, Greg K. BE Galloway, TJ TI Aluminum electrolysis tests with inert anodes in KF-AlF(3)-based electrolytes SO LIGHT METALS 2006, VOL 2: ALUMINUM REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2006 held at the 135th TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE inert anode; electrolysis; low-temperature electrolyte; aluminum production AB A low-temperature KF-AlF(3)-based electrolyte was used to perform aluminum electrolysis tests in a cell fitted with aluminum bronze metal anodes and wetted cathodes. Several 100A-100h tests were performed to investigate the effect of NaF concentration in the bath, current density, and temperature on cell operation. Results indicate that larger 1000A tests are warranted. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst, Argonne, IL USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2006 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ58 UT WOS:000238943600042 ER PT S AU Clark, JA AF Clark, John A., III BE Galloway, TJ TI Melt down dross on magnesium containing aluminum alloys SO LIGHT METALS 2006 VOL 4: CAST SHOP TECHNOLOGY AND RECYCLING - ALUMINUM SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2006 held at the 135th TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE aluminum-magnesium alloys; secondary melting; melt loss; heavy gauge scrap; aluminum ingot; gas-fired AB Dross is present on molten baths of aluminum alloy immediately after the remelt of ingots. Semi-quantitatively, prime (unalloyed) aluminum is known to produce very little dross during meltdown, while alloys containing significant additions of magnesium produce much dross. The Albany Research Center (U.S. Department of Energy) developed and operates the Laboratory Scale Reverberatory Furnace (LSRF) which is capable of melting and holding approximately 200 pounds of aluminum. Magnesium containing and prime aluminum alloys have been melted in the LSRF. This paper will generically identify the weight of dross present on aluminum baths of various magnesium contents immediately after meltdown in the LSRF relative to the weight of ingot material charged. Melts in the LSRF have demonstrated dross on prime aluminum ingots of less than 1%. Ingots of aluminum-magnesium alloy have demonstrated at least 10% dross by weight. Possible correlation between magnesium content and dross formation will be examined. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2006 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ60 UT WOS:000238945200016 ER PT S AU Sabau, AS AF Sabau, Adrian S. BE Galloway, TJ TI Heat fluxes at metal-mold interface during casting solidification SO LIGHT METALS 2006 VOL 4: CAST SHOP TECHNOLOGY AND RECYCLING - ALUMINUM SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2006 held at the 135th TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE heat flux; heat transfer coefficient; sensor; inverse heat transfer analysis; casting; solidification ID TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS AB In this paper, the heat transfer at the metal-mold interfaces is investigated using a sensor for the direct measurement of heat flux. Casting experiments were conducted using graphite molds for aluminum alloy A356. Several casting experiments were performed using a graphite coating and a boron nitride coating. The temperature of the mold surface was provided by the HFS while the temperature of the casting surface was measured using a thermocouple. Results for the heat transfer coefficients were obtained based on measured heat flux and temperatures. Four stages were clearly identified for the variation in time of the heat flux. Values of the heat transfer coefficient were in good agreement with data from previous studies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2006 BP 827 EP 832 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ60 UT WOS:000238945200023 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Navvab, M Martin, MJ Sheedy, J Tithof, W AF Berman, S. M. Navvab, M. Martin, M. J. Sheedy, J. Tithof, W. TI A comparison of traditional and high colour temperature lighting on the near acuity of elementary school children SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-ACUITY; PUPIL SIZE; PERFORMANCE AB The near visual acuity (400 mm distance) of 27 children aged 10-11 years old was measured by a licensed optometrist under two common fluorescent lamps of CCT 3600 K and 5500 K. Acuities were measured for three lighting conditions, either both lamps providing equal task luminance or a condition where the task and room luminance from the 5500 K lamps was set 50% lower. For the equal luminance condition, the results showed visual acuity was significantly better (P < 0.001) under the higher CCT lamp with 24 of 27 children having better acuity. Paired Mests comparing the lower luminance condition showed significantly less acuity for the 5500 K lamps at the lower luminance, but no significant difference between the 3600 K lamps at the higher luminance compared with the 5500 K lamps at the lower luminance. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Coll Architecture, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Bay City Publ Sch, Bay City, MI USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sam.berman@gte.net NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1191/1365782806li155oa PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 116IH UT WOS:000242795400005 ER PT J AU Inanici, MN AF Inanici, M. N. TI Evaluation of high dynamic range photography as a luminance data acquisition system SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In this paper, the potential, limitations and applicability of the High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography technique are evaluated as a luminance mapping tool. Multiple exposure photographs of static scenes were taken with a commercially available digital camera to capture the wide luminance variation within the scenes. The camera response function was computationally derived by using Photosphere software, and was used to fuse the multiple photographs into an HDR image. The vignetting effects and point spread function of the camera and lens system were determined. Laboratory and field studies showed that the pixel values in the HDR photographs correspond to the physical quantity of luminance with reasonable precision and repeatability. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Inanici, MN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Architecture, Box 355720, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM inanici@w.washington.edu NR 18 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1191/1365782806li164oa PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 116IK UT WOS:000242795700007 ER PT J AU Boyce, PR Veitch, JA Newsham, GR Jones, CC Heerwagen, J Myer, M Hunter, CM AF Boyce, P. R. Veitch, J. A. Newsham, G. R. Jones, C. C. Heerwagen, J. Myer, M. Hunter, C. M. TI Lighting quality and office work: two field simulation experiments SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TASK-PERFORMANCE; SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE; POSITIVE AFFECT; SELF-EFFICACY; SATISFACTION; ILLUMINANCE; CONFLICT; MOOD AB This paper describes two experiments concerning the effects of variations in lighting quality on office worker performance, health, and well-being. Experiment 1 had four experimental conditions: a regular array of fully direct recessed parabolic luminaires; direct/indirect luminaires with no control; direct/indirect luminaires with a switchable desk lamp; and, workstation-specific direct/indirect luminaires with control over the direct portion. Experiment 2 contrasted two conditions with no individual lighting control: a regular array of recessed prismatic lensed luminaires, and suspended direct/indirect luminaires. Participants considered the direct/indirect systems to be more comfortable than the direct-only systems, with a further increase in comfort associated with individual control in Experiment 1. There were no simple main effects of lighting quality on the performance of any task, although the expected changes in performance associated with task visibility, practice, and fatigue were found. Interactions between lighting quality and time suggested that having a degree of individual control of lighting tended to maintain motivation and vigilance over the day. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K2A OR6, Canada. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Lighting Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, Lexington, MA USA. RP Veitch, JA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Bldg M-24,1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K2A OR6, Canada. EM jennifer.veitch@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OI Veitch, Jennifer/0000-0003-3183-4537 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 191 EP 223 DI 10.1191/1365782806lrt161oa PG 33 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 116IM UT WOS:000242795900003 ER PT J AU Boyce, PR Veitch, JA Newsham, GR Jones, CC Heerwagen, J Myer, M Hunter, CM AF Boyce, P. R. Veitch, J. A. Newsham, G. R. Jones, C. C. Heerwagen, J. Myer, M. Hunter, C. M. TI Occupant use of switching and dimming controls in offices SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHTING QUALITY; PERFORMANCE AB As part of a larger study sponsored by the Light Right Consortium, temporary office workers spent a day in an office working under one of four different lighting installations. For two of these installations the office workers had the freedom to adjust the lighting of the cubicles they occupied: either with a switchable desk lamp, or varying the direct component of a continuously dimmable overhead direct/indirect luminaire. This paper examines the illuminances chosen under these two conditions, compares the results with those found in other field and laboratory studies, and addresses pertinent questions about the behaviour of office workers when they have the freedom to adjust the lighting of their workspaces. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Lighting Res Ctr, Troy, NY USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Lexington, MA USA. RP Veitch, JA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Bldg M-24,1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM jennifer.veitch@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OI Veitch, Jennifer/0000-0003-3183-4537 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 358 EP 378 DI 10.1177/1477153506070994 PG 21 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 119KR UT WOS:000243011700007 ER PT J AU Roberts, BJ Howarth, RW AF Roberts, BJ Howarth, RW TI Nutrient and light availability regulate the relative contribution of autotrophs and heterotrophs to respiration in freshwater pelagic ecosystems SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BACTERIA; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHOSPHATE; SEAWATER; NITROGEN; CYANOBACTERIA AB In this study, two main hypotheses were addressed. (1) Bacteria contribute proportionally less than autotrophs to ecosystem respiration as trophic status increases. This hypothesis was examined in a pond phosphorus-fertilization experiment and two microcosm nutrient-fertilization experiments. (2) The relative contribution of autotrophs to ecosystem respiration, at a given nutrient availability, increases as light availability increases. This hypothesis was tested in three light by nutrient factorial microcosm experiments. Rates of total plankton community, bacterial (< 1 mu m fraction), and phytoplankton (total - bacterial) respiration all increased as nutrient availability increased. The contribution of bacteria to community respiration ranged between similar to 10 and 90%, with the highest contribution occurring under the most oligotrophic conditions. As light availability increased within each nutrient availability treatment, there was a similar decline in the contribution of bacteria to community respiration. Under oligotrophic conditions bacteria are better competitors for nutrients that limit both autotrophs and heterotrophs, but as nutrient availability increases, conditions become increasingly favorable for larger celled phytoplankton that have higher maximal nutrient uptake rates. As light availability increases, the relative contribution of phytoplankton to ecosystem respiration also increases. Light and nutrient availability are important regulators of the relative contributions of autotrophs and heterotrophs to ecosystem respiration, but the observed patterns are primarily driven by changes in phytoplankton production rates. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Roberts, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM robertsbj@ornl.gov NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 288 EP 298 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 040SC UT WOS:000237399700029 ER PT B AU Desai, N Bradshaw, R Hagedorn, J Lueninghoener, C AF Desai, Narayan Bradshaw, Rick Hagedorn, Joey Lueninghoener, Cory GP USENIX Assoc TI Directing change using Bcfg2 SO LISA 06: USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH LARGE INSTALLATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA 06) CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP USENIX Assoc AB Configuration management tools have become quite adept at representing target configurations at a point in time. While a point-in-time model helps with system configuration tasks, it cannot represent the complete scope of configuration tasks needed to manage a complex environment over time. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism for representing changes over time in target configurations and show how it alleviates several common administrative problems. We discuss the motivating factors, design, and implementation of this approach in Bcfg2. We also describe how this approach can be applied to other tools. C1 [Desai, Narayan; Bradshaw, Rick; Hagedorn, Joey; Lueninghoener, Cory] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Desai, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM desai@mcs.anl.gov; bradshaw@mcs.anl.gov; hagedorn@mcs.anl.gov; lueningh@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U. S. Dept. of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U. S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 978-1-931971-48-5 PY 2006 BP 215 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFY26 UT WOS:000245428400017 ER PT S AU Hocking, EK AF Hocking, Elizabeth K. BE Leschine, TM TI CERCLA REMEDY SELECTION LESSONS: THE SHATTUCK SITE SO LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES SE Research in Social Problems and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Hocking, EK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0196-1152 BN 978-0-7623-1319-8 J9 RES SOC PROBL PUBLIC PY 2006 VL 13 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0196-1152(06)13004-5 PG 10 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA BOI83 UT WOS:000276777100005 ER PT S AU Kostelnik, KM Clarke, JH Harbour, JL Sanchez, F Parker, FL AF Kostelnik, Kevin M. Clarke, James H. Harbour, Jerry L. Sanchez, Florence Parker, Frank L. BE Leschine, TM TI A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUAL CONTAMINANTS SO LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES SE Research in Social Problems and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Hazardous and radioactive wastes are routinely disposed of in shallow land disposal facilities at sites that have undergone environmental remediation. These residual contaminants, which remain on-site in these isolation facilities, continue to pose risks to humans and the environment and represent extremely long-term liabilities that require continuous management. This paper draws upon the experiences generated from two federal programs established in response to the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978 and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. Operational issues arising at existing sites suggest that there is a need to better integrate the management functions at contaminant isolation facilities. To protect human health and safeguard the natural environment, more sustainable environmental protection systems are required for the long-term management of residual contaminants. A series of logic diagrams are introduced to improve the integration and management of remedial processes, engineered barriers and institutional controls. These institutional responsibilities need to be monitored and maintained by the appropriate site stewards to ensure continued system performance. C1 [Kostelnik, Kevin M.; Harbour, Jerry L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Clarke, James H.; Sanchez, Florence; Parker, Frank L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Kostelnik, KM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0196-1152 BN 978-0-7623-1319-8 J9 RES SOC PROBL PUBLIC PY 2006 VL 13 BP 117 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0196-1152(06)13005-7 PG 21 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA BOI83 UT WOS:000276777100006 ER PT S AU Jennings, AB Seward, AM Leschine, TM AF Jennings, Anne Ballou Seward, Amy M. Leschine, Thomas M. BE Leschine, TM TI LIVING IN A NUCLEAR LANDSCAPE: REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT OF PROVING GROUNDS IN AUSTRALIA AND ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SO LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES SE Research in Social Problems and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARSHALL-ISLANDS; WASTE; ATOLL AB Between 1946 and 1962 the United States detonated 109 nuclear weapons in an area of the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Proving Grounds, mainly at the Enewetak and Bikini Atolls in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The British nuclear testing program spanned eleven years (1952-1963) and involved detonation of 21 weapons in addition to a number of smaller-scale experiments (the "minor'' trials) in South Australia. In both cases lands that were inhabited by an original people were extensively contaminated by the testing and, following its cessation, these people desired the return of their lands in a condition that would support resumption of traditional lifestyles. Cleanup and reoccupation of the contaminated lands in these two arenas raised similar questions of cultural identity and communication and the importance of cultural as well as technical understanding in establishing conditions for safe resettlement. The approaches taken to resolving these questions in the two situations have been very different-featuring extensive stakeholder involvement in a technocratic decision making process in the Maralinga case and a series of attempted negotiations and claims under the terms of trust agreements with the U.S. government in the Marshall Islands case. Similar questions regarding what constitutes a safe final condition and the means by which safety will be maintained remain in each case however. The Australian case has reached the more definitive outcome of the two. A jointly drafted comprehensive environmental management plan, if fully implemented and sustained over the time periods necessary, could facilitate a semblance of the outstation lifestyle that the aboriginal Maralingan people desire. But what has been agreed to may still prove very difficult to live with given the levels of residual contamination and the many ways that traditional cultural practices put people in intimate contact with the land. C1 [Leschine, Thomas M.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Seward, Amy M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Global Secur Technol & Policy Grp, Seattle, WA USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0196-1152 BN 978-0-7623-1319-8 J9 RES SOC PROBL PUBLIC PY 2006 VL 13 BP 165 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0196-1152(06)13007-0 PG 28 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA BOI83 UT WOS:000276777100008 ER PT S AU Archibald, G Boissevain, J Golub, R Gould, CR Hayden, ME Korobkina, E Wilburn, WS Zou, J AF Archibald, G. Boissevain, J. Golub, R. Gould, C. R. Hayden, M. E. Korobkina, E. Wilburn, W. S. Zou, J. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Characterization of scintillation light produced in superfluid helium-4 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE fluorescence; liquid helium; superfluid; neutron capture AB Experiments that place strict limits on the electric dipole moment of the neutron (n-EDM) represent one of the most promising opportunities to search for physics beyond the standard model. Over the last several years, a collaboration based at Los Alamos National Laboratory has been working toward the development of an apparatus that is expected to improve the current n-EDM limit by two orders of magnitude. A key feature of the proposed experiment involves the detection of ultraviolet scintillation light produced as a result of neutron capture on He-3 in superfluid liquid He-4 (l-He-4). Typically such events give rise to a large prompt flash of light followed by a train of delayed photons ('after-pulses'). We recently performed an experiment to examine correlations between the amplitude of the initial light pulse and the number of after-pulses that are produced when a dilute mixture of He-3 in l-He-4 is irradiated with a neutron beam. Data from this experiment suggest that events associated with reaction products from neutron capture on He-3 can be distinguished from background events associated with other forms of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays. A sample of data from our experiment is presented. C1 [Archibald, G.; Hayden, M. E.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Boissevain, J.; Wilburn, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Golub, R.; Korobkina, E.] Hahn Meitner Insitut, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Golub, R.; Gould, C. R.; Korobkina, E.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zou, J.] Univ London Royal Holloway, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Archibald, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013 FU Berlin Neutron Scattering Center (Hahn-Meitner Institut), Los Alamos National Laboratory [20040104DR]; NSERC (Canada) FX This work was supported by the Berlin Neutron Scattering Center (Hahn-Meitner Institut), Los Alamos National Laboratory (20040104DR), and NSERC (Canada). NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 143 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400052 ER PT S AU Hayden, ME Lamoreaux, SK Golub, R AF Hayden, M. E. Lamoreaux, S. K. Golub, R. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Evaporative isotopic purification of superfluid helium-4 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE helium; isotopic purification; separation techniques ID ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; HE-3-HE-4; DIFFUSION; HELIUM AB We examine the feasibility of using evaporative techniques for isotopic purification of bulk liquid He-4 in the ultra-pure (sub ppb He-3 concentration) limit. At temperatures of order several-tenths of a degree Kelvin the He-3-impurity diffusion coefficient and equilibrium vapour density are simultaneously large enough that one should be able to extract impurities simply by pumping on a free liquid surface. At somewhat lower temperatures the equilibrium distribution of impurities is dramatically modified by surface (Andreev) states, providing an alternate mechanism for purifying the bulk liquid. C1 [Hayden, M. E.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Lamoreaux, S. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Golub, R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hayden, ME (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 147 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400054 ER PT S AU Hashimoto, M Tanaka, K Yoshida, T Fujimori, A Lu, DH Shen, ZX Ono, S Ando, Y AF Hashimoto, M. Tanaka, K. Yoshida, T. Fujimori, A. Lu, D. H. Shen, Z. -X Ono, S. Ando, Y. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Doping evolution of the electronic structure in the single-layer cuprate Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+delta SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE angle-resolved photoemission; high-T-c cuprates ID FERMI-SURFACE; LA2-XSRXCUO4 AB The evolution of the electronic structure with hole doping in the single-layer cuprate Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+delta (Bi2201) has been studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Results for lightly-doped Bi2201 are compared with the results on other families of cuprate superconductors. C1 [Hashimoto, M.; Yoshida, T.; Fujimori, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. [Tanaka, K.; Lu, D. H.; Shen, Z. -X] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ono, S.; Ando, Y.] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Hashimoto, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. FU US-Japan joint Research Program from JSPS FX This work was supported by the US-Japan joint Research Program from JSPS and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Priority Area Invention of Anomalous Quantum Materials from MEXT, Japan. SSRL is operated by the Department of Energys Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Chemical Sciences and Material Sciences. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 513 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400219 ER PT S AU Sarnuely, P Szabo, P Hol'anova, Z Bud'ko, S Angst, M Canfield, PC AF Sarnuely, P. Szabo, P. Hol'anova, Z. Bud'ko, S. Angst, M. Canfield, P. C. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Development of two superconducting energy gaps in the aluminum doped MgB2 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE MgB2; two band/two gap superconductivity AB Point-contact spectroscopy measurements on the aluminum substituted Mg1-xAlxB2 samples reveal a retention of two superconducting energy gaps in the doping range for x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2. T-c's of those samples are decreased proportionally to the electron doping from 39 K down to 24 K. The large gap on the sigma-band is decreased proportionally with decreasing T-c. For 10 % Al doped sample MgB2 the small gap is almost unchanged compared to MgB2, but for 20 % Al with T-c= 24 K it is reduced by approximately 15 %. The results are compared with those obtained on carbon doped MgB2. A larger tendency to approach two gaps is found for Al doped MgB2 but the merging of the gaps and the single gap superconductivity is still not realized in the studied doping range. C1 [Sarnuely, P.; Szabo, P.; Hol'anova, Z.] Slovak Acad Sci, IEP, Ctr Low Temp Phys, Watsonova 47, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. [Bud'ko, S.; Angst, M.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sarnuely, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, IEP, Ctr Low Temp Phys, Watsonova 47, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 597 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400260 ER PT S AU Szabo, P Samuely, P Hol'anova, Z Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC Marcus, J AF Szabo, P. Samuely, P. Hol'anova, Z. Bud'ko, S. Canfield, P. C. Marcus, J. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI pi-band goes dirty by carbon doping in MgB2 ? SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE MgB2; two band/two gap superconductivity AB Point-contact measurements in a magnetic field on the pure and heavily carbon-doped MgB2 samples are presented. Analysis of the magnetic-field behavior of the spectra indicates that the pi band becomes dirty upon carbon doping. C1 [Szabo, P.; Samuely, P.; Hol'anova, Z.] Slovak Acad Sci, IEP, Ctr Low Temp Phys, Watsonova 47, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. [Bud'ko, S.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Marcus, J.] CNRS, LEPES, Grenoble, France. RP Szabo, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, IEP, Ctr Low Temp Phys, Watsonova 47, SK-04353 Kosice, Slovakia. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 599 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400261 ER PT S AU Fisher, RA Oeschler, N Phillips, NE Mickelson, WE Zettl, A AF Fisher, R. A. Oeschler, N. Phillips, N. E. Mickelson, W. E. Zettl, A. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Specific heats of Mg(B1-xCx)(2): Two-gap superconductors SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE Mg(B1-xCx)(2); specific heat; two-gap superconductivity AB Specific heats (C) of two polycrystalline samples of Mg(B1-xCx)(2) (nominal x = 0.1 and 0.2) were measured in magnetic fields (B) to 9 T and temperatures (T) from 1 to 40 K. Neither sample shows evidence of magnetic impurities nor do they have large non-superconducting fractions. The transition temperature (T-c) decrease monotonically with x, and the superconducting specific heats can be well fitted with two energy gaps (alpha) using the phenomenological alpha model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 601 EP 602 PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400262 ER PT S AU Phillips, NE Oeschler, N Fisher, RA Gordon, JE Foo, ML Cava, RJ AF Phillips, N. E. Oeschler, N. Fisher, R. A. Gordon, J. E. Foo, M. -L. Cava, R. J. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI The specific heat of Na0.3CoO4 center dot 1.3H(2)O: Possible non-magnetic pair breaking, two energy gaps, and strong fluctuations in the superconducting state SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE specific heat; superconductivity; two energy gaps; Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.3H(2)O AB Two samples of Na(0.3)CoO(2)(.)1.3H(2)O have very different specific heats reflecting extreme sensitivity to minor differences in sample treatment. They have nearly the same superconducting transition temperatures with strong deviations from BCS behavior and evidence of two energy gaps that are markedly different for the two samples. Nonmagnetic scattering centers may have a strong, but unusual, pair-breaking effect. C1 [Phillips, N. E.; Oeschler, N.; Fisher, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Phillips, N. E.; Oeschler, N.; Fisher, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gordon, J. E.] Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Foo, M. -L.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Phillips, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Foo, Maw Lin/H-9273-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 661 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400292 ER PT S AU Movshovich, R Capan, C Ronning, F Bianchi, A Pagliuso, PG Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL AF Movshovich, R. Capan, C. Ronning, F. Bianchi, A. Pagliuso, P. G. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Non-fermi-liquid behavior in CeCoIn5 near the superconducting critical field SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE superconductivity; correlated electrons; Quantum Critical Point; heavy fermions; thermodynamic properties ID ELECTRON AB We measured specific heat and resistivity of heavy fermion CeCoIn5 at and above the superconducting critical field with field in [001] (H-c2 = 5 T) and [100] directions (H-c2 = 12 T), and at temperatures down to 50 mK. At the critical fields the data show Non Fermi Liquid (NFL) behavior down to the lowest temperatures. With increasing field the data exhibit crossover from NFL to Fermi liquid behavior at the lowest temperatures. Analysis of the scaling properties of the specific heat, and comparison of both resistivity and the specific heat with the predictions of a spin-fluctuation theory suggest that the NFL behavior is due to incipient antiferromagnetism (AF) in CeCoIn5, with the quantum critical point in the vicinity of Hc2. Below H,,2 the AF phase which competes with the paramagnetic ground state is superseded by the superconducting transition. To separate the quantum critical point H-QCP from the superconducting critical field H,2 we performed a series of Sn-doping and hydrostatic pressure studies. Sn-doping appears not to be able to separate H-QCP and H-c2. Preliminary resistivity in magnetic field measurements under hydrostatic pressure indicate that the QCP point moves inside the superconducting phase in the H-P plane with increasing field. C1 [Movshovich, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Capan, C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bianchi, A.] Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fisica, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Movshovich, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 711 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400314 ER PT S AU Park, WK Greene, LH Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Park, Wan Kyu Greene, Laura H. Sarrao, John L. Thompson, Joe D. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Andreev reflection at the normal-metal/heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 interface by point-contact spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE heavy-fermion superconductor; Andreev reflection; Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model; point-contact spectroscopy ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UPT3; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; JUNCTIONS AB Dynamic conductance between a normal-metal (N) Au tip and the heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) CeCoIn5 single crystal has been measured. The contact is shown to be in the Sharvin limit. Our clean conductance spectra are reproducibly obtained over a wide range of temperature (60 K to 400 mK). The background conductance shows a gradual development of asymmetry, starting at T* (similar to 45 K) down to T-c (2.3 K), which we attribute to the emergence of the heavy-fermion liquid. The enhanced sub-gap conductance observed below T,, arising from Andreev reflection (AR), is an order of magnitude smaller (similar to 13.3 % at 400 mK) than that observed for N/conventional superconductors but consistent with other N/HFS data reported. From analyses using an extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model, we find the conductance data at 400 mK is consistent with strong coupling (2 Delta/k(B) T-c = 4.64), and that the temperature dependence of the zero bias conductance is consistent with a d-wave order parameter, in agreement with the literature. However, attempts to fit full conductance curves as a function of temperature clearly show that this model cannot account for our data. We provide restrictions and suggestions for theoretical studies to account for AR at the N/HFS interface. C1 [Park, Wan Kyu; Greene, Laura H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sarrao, John L.; Thompson, Joe D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, WK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU U.S. DoE [DEFG02-91ER45439]; CMM at UIUC FX This work was supported by the U.S. DoE Award No. DEFG02-91ER45439, through the FS MRL and the CMM at UIUC. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 715 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400316 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, AB Graf, MJ AF Vorontsov, Anton B. Graf, Matthias J. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Knight shift in the FFLO state of a two-dimensional D-wave superconductor SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE low-dimensional superconductivity; Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase; d-wave superconductivity ID FERRELL-LARKIN-OVCHINNIKOV; VORTEX STATES; FIELD AB We report on the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in two-dimensional d-wave superconductors with magnetic field parallel to the superconducting planes. This state occurs at high magnetic field near the Pauli-Clogston limit and is a consequence of the competition between the pair condensation and Zeeman energy. We use the quasiclassical theory to self-consistently compute the spatially nonuniform order parameter. Our self-consistent calculations show that the FFLO state of a d-wave order parameter breaks translational symmetry along preferred directions. The orientation of the nodes in real space is pinned by the nodes of the basis function in momentum space. Here, we present results for the Knight shift and discuss the implications for recent nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on CeCoIn5. C1 [Vorontsov, Anton B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Graf, Matthias J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vorontsov, AB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; LSU Board of Regents FX This research is supported by the Department of Energy, under contract W-7405-ENG-36, (MJG) and the LSU Board of Regents (ABV). NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 729 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400322 ER PT S AU Kresin, VZ Ovchinnikov, YN AF Kresin, Vladimir Z. Ovchinnikov, Yurii N. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Superconducting state of small nanoclusters: "Giant" enhancement of T-c and other parameters SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE shell structure; degeneracy; pairing ID CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE AB The presence of shell structure and accompanying high level degeneracy leads to strong pairing interaction in some metallic nanoclusters. These clusters form a new family of high temperature superconductors. C1 [Kresin, Vladimir Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94619 USA. [Ovchinnikov, Yurii N.] LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94619 USA. FU DARPA [05U716]; CRDF [RP1-2565-MO-03]; RFBR (Russia) FX The authors are grateful to J.Friedel, A.Goldman, V.V.Kresin and M.Tinkham for fruitful discussions. Research of VZK is supported by DARPA under the Contract 05U716. The research of YNO was supported by the CRDF under Contract No. RP1-2565-MO-03 and by RFBR (Russia). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 785 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400348 ER PT S AU Sakiyama, N Tsukagoshi, H Yano, F Nagata, T Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Yethiraj, M Takeya, H Suzuki, J AF Sakiyama, N. Tsukagoshi, H. Yano, F. Nagata, T. Kawano-Furukawa, H. Yoshizawa, H. Yethiraj, M. Takeya, H. Suzuki, J. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI H-T phase diagram of flux line lattice structure in YNi2B2C SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE borocarbide; small angle neutron scattering; FLL structure ID LUNI2B2C AB The detailed flux line lattice (FLL) structure in YNi2B2C was investigated using small angle neutron scattering and the complete H-T phase diagram was determined. The FLL in YNi2B2C shows a change of symmetry only in the low magnetic field region between 0.05 to 0.2 T. The observed square lattice is governed by an anisotropic Fermi velocity. Contrary to the theoretical prediction, a square lattice driven by an anisotropic superconducting gap does not appear below 5 T. C1 [Sakiyama, N.; Yoshizawa, H.] Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Sci Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Tsukagoshi, H.; Yano, F.; Nagata, T.; Kawano-Furukawa, H.] Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. [Yethiraj, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Takeya, H.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ibaraki 305047, Japan. [Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Sakiyama, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Sci Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 859 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400385 ER PT S AU Karapetrov, G Fedor, J Iavarone, M Rosenmann, D Kwok, WK AF Karapetrov, G. Fedor, J. Iavarone, M. Rosenmann, D. Kwok, W. K. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI STM observation of vortex lattice transitions in superconducting single crystals with periodic pinning arrays SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE mesoscopic superconductors; vortices; scanning tunneling microscopy; STM AB Superconductors containing mesoscopic artificially-engineered defects are orders of magnitude more resistant to the detrimental effect of the magnetic field. Here we present scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the vortex lattice configurations in a mesoscopic single crystal superconductor-normal metal heterostructure. We observe coexistence of a strongly interacting multiquanta vortex lattice and interstitial Abrikosov vortices that form a composite magnetic flux distribution which undergoes a series of transitions between different topological configuration states. The vortex configuration states are strongly dependent on the nanoscale architecture of the superconductor and applied magnetic field. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy images show the evolution of vortex topological states when the number of flux quanta per unit cell changes. C1 [Karapetrov, G.; Iavarone, M.; Rosenmann, D.; Kwok, W. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fedor, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. RP Karapetrov, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 867 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400388 ER PT S AU Rosenstein, B Li, DP Vinokur, VM AF Rosenstein, Baruch Li, Dingping Vinokur, Valery M. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Glass transition in vortex matter SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE Abrikosov vortex; pinning; vortex glass; replica symmetry ID MANIFOLDS AB We develop a unifying approach bridging between the spin and vortex glasses, based, on one hand, on the application of the replica method to Ginzburg-Landau description of the system in terms of the superconductor order parameter near Tc and, on the other hand, on the notion of the extreme value statistics that govern the distribution of the energy barriers controlling the glassy slow dynamics of the vortices. Focusing on the vortex systems not very far from the upper critical field we demonstrate that the glassy behavior is associated with the continuous replica symmetry breaking, which is the inherent feature of the long range spin glasses. We apply our results to the description of vortex phase diagram and find the vortex glass transition line, which appears different and well separated from both the melting line and from the so-called second peak lines. C1 [Rosenstein, Baruch] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan. [Li, Dingping] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Vinokur, Valery M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosenstein, B (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 871 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400390 ER PT S AU Zhang, H Tashiro, H Lobo, RPSM Reitze, DH Stanton, CJ Tanner, DB Carr, GL AF Zhang, H. Tashiro, H. Lobo, R. P. S. M. Reitze, D. H. Stanton, C. J. Tanner, D. B. Carr, G. L. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Time-resolved far-infrared studies of superconducting Nb0.5Ti0.5 film in a magnetic field SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE time-resolved; superconductor; magnetic field AB Time-resolved, optical pump-probe measurements on a thin Nb0.5Ti0.5N film in applied magnetic fields were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Despite the presence of normal cores from vortices in the films, we find that the relaxation time of photoexcited quasiparticles does not decrease with magnetic field as one might expect. The change in the far-infrared transmittance due to the applied magnetic field is also discussed. C1 [Zhang, H.; Tashiro, H.; Reitze, D. H.; Stanton, C. J.; Tanner, D. B.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lobo, R. P. S. M.] CNRS, ESPCI, UPR5, Lab Phys Solide, F-75231 Paris, France. [Carr, G. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy at UF [DE-FG02-02ER45984]; U.S. Department of Energy at BNL [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through contract DE-FG02-02ER45984 at UF and DE-AC02-98CH10886 at BNL. Thin films were provided by P. Bosland and E. Jacquesfrom CEA, Saclay, France. We thank Professor L. Mihaly for the use of the superconducting magnet NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 981 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400443 ER PT S AU Zheludev, A AF Zheludev, A. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Neutron scattering study of quantum phase transitions in integer spin chains SO Low Temperature Physics, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE Haldane gap; quantum phase transitions; spin chains; high fileds; Bose condensation of magnons ID HALDANE-GAP ANTIFERROMAGNETS; LONG-RANGE ORDER; S=1 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; DIMER GROUND-STATE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; BOND ALTERNATION; EXCITATIONS; NI(C2H8N2)2NO2(CLO4); SRCU2(BO3)(2) AB Quite a few low-dimensional magnets are quantum-disordered "spin liquids" with a characteristic cap in the magnetic excitation spectrum. Among these are antiferromagnetic chains of integer quantum spins. Their generic feature are long-lived massive (gapped) excitations (magnons) that are subject to Zeeman splitting in external magnetic fields. The gap in one of the maanon branches decreases with field, driving a soft-mode quantum phase transition. The system then enters a qualitatively new big h-field phase. The actual properties at high fields, particularly the spin dynamics, critically depend on the system under consideration. Recent neutron scattering studies of organometallic polymer crystals NDMAP (Haldane spin chains with anisotropy) and NTENP (dimerized S = 1 chains) revealed rich and unique physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1007 EP 1014 PN A-B PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400455 ER PT S AU Stone, MB Tian, W Murphy, TP Nagler, SE Mandrus, DG AF Stone, M. B. Tian, W. Murphy, T. P. Nagler, S. E. Mandrus, D. G. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Field dependent phase diagram of the quantum spin chain (CH3)(2)NH2CuCl3 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE organometallic compounds; critical phenomena; magnetic properties; phase transitions ID TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM TRICHLORONICKELATE II; ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AB Although (CH3)(2)NH2CuCl3 (MCCL) was first examined in the 1930's [1], there are open questions regarding the magnetic dimensionality and nature of the magnetic properties. MCCL is proposed to be a S=112 alternating ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic spin chain alternating along the crystalline a-axis [2,3]. Proposed ferromagnetic (J(FM) =1.3 meV) and antiferromagnetic (J(AFM) =1.1 meV) exchange constants make this system particularly interesting for experimental study. Because J(FM) and J(AFM) are nearly identical, the system should show competing behavior between S=1/2 (AFM) and S= 1(FM) effects. We report low temperature magnetic field dependent susceptibility, chi, and specific heat, C,, of MCCL. These provide an initial magnetic-field versus temperature phase diagram. A zero-field phase transition consistent with long range magnetic order is observed at T=0.9 K. The transition temperature can be reduced via application of a magnetic field. We also present comparisons to a FM/AFM dimer model that accounts for chi(T,H=0) and C-p(H,T). C1 [Stone, M. B.; Nagler, S. E.; Mandrus, D. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tian, W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Murphy, T. P.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; FU DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National High agnetic Field Laboratory; NSF [DMR-0084173]; Stateof Florida FX Oak Ridge National laboratory is managed by UTBattelle, C, for DOE under DE-AC05-00OR22725.A portion of work performed at the National High agnetic Field Laboratory, supported by NSFCooperative Agreement No. DMR-0084173, the Stateof Florida and DOE. We acknowledge valuablediscussions with M. W. Meisel NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1015 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400456 ER PT S AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Manaka, H Chung, JH AF Masuda, T. Zheludev, A. Manaka, H. Chung, J. -H. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI IPA-CuCl3: a S=1/2 ladder with ferromagnetic rungs SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE spin ladder; Haldane gap; inelastic; neutron scattering ID (CH3)(2)CHNH3CUCL3; STATE AB The spin gap material IPA-CuCl3 has been extensively studied as a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bond-alternating S = 1/2 chain. This description of the system was derived from structural considerations and bulk measurements. New inelastic neutron scattering experiments reveal a totally different picture: IPA-CuCl consists of weakly coupled spin ladders with antiferromagnetic legs and ferromagnetic rungs. The ladders run perpendicular to the originally supposed bond-alternating chain direction. The ferromagnetic rungs make this system equivalent to a Haldane S = 1 antiferromagnet. With a gap energy of 1.17(1) meV, a zone-boundary energy of 4.1(1) meV, and almost no magnetic anisotropy, IPA-CuCl3 may be the best Haldane-gap material yet, in terms of suitability for neutron scattering studies in high magnetic fields. C1 [Masuda, T.; Zheludev, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Masuda, T.; Manaka, H.] Kagoshima Univ, Dept Nano Struct & Adv Mat, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Chung, J. -H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442] FX Work at ORNL was carried out under DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work at SPINS was supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-9986442. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1031 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400464 ER PT S AU Nishisaka, Y Furukawa, Y Fujiyoshi, Y Kumagai, K Kogerler, P AF Nishisaka, Y. Furukawa, Y. Fujiyoshi, Y. Kumagai, K. Kogerler, P. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI V-51 NMR studies on the nanoscale molecular magnet V15 at very low temperature SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE single molecular magnets; V15 cluster; nuclear magnetic resonance ID SPIN DYNAMICS; H-1-NMR; V-15 AB We have carried Out V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies at 50mK using a He-3-He-4 dilution refrigerator to investigate the magnetic states of V ions in the V15 cluster. It was revealed experimentally that the V4+ (s=1/2) spins on the outer hexagons are in a singlet state at low temperature. C1 [Nishisaka, Y.; Furukawa, Y.; Fujiyoshi, Y.; Kumagai, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Kogerler, P.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nishisaka, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1145 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400517 ER PT S AU Furukawa, Y Hatanaka, Y Kumagai, K Baek, SH Borsa, F AF Furukawa, Y. Hatanaka, Y. Kumagai, K. Baek, S-H. Borsa, F. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Isotopes substitution effects on the spin tunneling in the molecular nanomagnet Fe-8 studied by Fe-57-NMR SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE quantum tunneling of the magnetization; Fe-8 cluster; nuclear magnetic resonance ID MAGNETIZATION AB We have carried out Fe-57-NMR in both non-deuterated and partially deuterated Fe-57-enriched Fe-8 clusters at very low temperature (i.e. below 1K) to investigate the isotope substitution effects on the quantum tunneling of the magnetization. Above similar to 400mK the Fe-57 spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 does not show appreciable difference between the two systems. On the other hand, below similar to 400mK, a large difference of 1/T-1 between the systems is observed, which suggests that nuclear spins play an important role in the quantum tunneling of the magnetization in the cluster. C1 [Furukawa, Y.; Hatanaka, Y.; Kumagai, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Baek, S-H.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Borsa, F.] Unita INFM Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. FU 21st Century COE Programs; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan FX The present work was in part supported by the 21st Century COE Programs Topological Science and Technology at Hokkaido University from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1147 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400518 ER PT S AU Capan, C Balicas, L Murphy, TP Palm, EC Movshovich, R Ronning, F Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Goodrich, RG DiTusa, JF Tozer, SW AF Capan, C. Balicas, L. Murphy, T. P. Palm, E. C. Movshovich, R. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. Goodrich, R. G. DiTusa, J. F. Tozer, S. W. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Metamagnetism and non-fermi liquid behavior in CeIrIn5 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE metamagnetism; quantum criticality; heavy fermion AB We report transverse magnetoresistance in a Celrln(5) single crystal at magnetic fields up to 33T and temperatures down to 25mK, with the magnetic field oriented along the c-axis of this tetragonal heavy fermion compound. The metamagnetic transition is marked by a characteristic drop in resistivity at the lowest temperatures as the magnetic field is increased. Resistivity shows Non-Fermi Liquid behavior above and below the metamagnetic transition field. These results are suggestive of a field-tuned metamagnetic quantum critical point in CeIrIn5. C1 [Capan, C.; Goodrich, R. G.; DiTusa, J. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. [Balicas, L.; Murphy, T. P.; Palm, E. C.; Tozer, S. W.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Feild Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Movshovich, R.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Capan, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; State of Florida FX Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Work at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy and the State of Florida. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1161 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400525 ER PT S AU Suslov, A Williamsen, M Ketterson, JB Hinks, DG Sarma, BK AF Suslov, A. Williamsen, M. Ketterson, J. B. Hinks, D. G. Sarma, Bimal K. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Ultrasonic study of URu2Si2 at very low temperatures SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE metamagnetism; heavy-fermions; ultrasound ID FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2 AB The velocity of longitudinal ultrasound propagated along the a axis in URu2Si2 has been studied at temperatures down to 40 mK and in magnetic fields of up to 45 T applied along the c axis. The frequencies of the observed acoustic quantum oscillations (560 T and 1070 T), as well as calculated effective masses (14.5m(e) and 22m(e)), are in reasonable agreement with the known dHvA extremal cross sections of the Fermi surface in URu2Si2. It is shown that features observed previously at temperatures of about 0.5 K in magnetic fields between about 29 and 30 T in the magnetoresistance, Hall coefficient and ultrasound velocity are associated with quantum oscillations, which are clearly seen at lower temperatures. A hysteresis observed at 40 mK for all three steps of the metamagnetic transition confirms that they all are first order transitions. C1 [Suslov, A.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Williamsen, M.; Sarma, Bimal K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Ketterson, J. B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hinks, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suslov, A (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009; Suslov, Alexey/M-7511-2014 OI Suslov, Alexey/0000-0002-2224-153X FU NSF [DMR-9971123]; State of Florida; In-House Research Program FX We are grateful to E. Palm and T. Murphy for their help with the portable dilution refrigerator. This research was supported by the NSF under grant number DMR-9971123. The measurements were performed on the hybrid magnet at the Tallahassee site of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the NSF and State of Florida. Ultrasonic research at the NHMFL is supported by the In-House Research Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1173 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400530 ER PT S AU Sergienko, IA Dagotto, E AF Sergienko, I. A. Dagotto, E. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Monte-Carlo studies of perovskite multiferroics SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE multiferroics; Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction ID POLARIZATION AB We perform Monte-Carlo simulations of a realistic model of the perovskite multiferroic manganites RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy) in order to obtain the ground state phase diagram. It is shown that the dynamic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction plays a crucial role in stabilizing the state with coexisting incommensurate magnetic and ferroclectric order. C1 [Sergienko, I. A.; Dagotto, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sergienko, I. A.; Dagotto, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sergienko, IA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0072998, DMR-0443144]; U.S. Department of Energy with UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank G. Alvarez for providing us with the code for MC simulations. I.S. was supported by NSF DMR-0072998. E.D. was supported by NSF DMR-0443144. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1199 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400543 ER PT S AU Schmiedeshoff, GM Hollen, SM Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Schmiedeshoff, G. M. Hollen, S. M. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the Ising antiferromagnet TbNi2Ge2 SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE thermal expansion; magnetostriction; antiferromagnetism AB We have measured the linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the Ising antiferromagnet TbNi2Ge2 along its c-axis from room temperature to 2 K and in magnetic fields to 14 T. We find a magnetic phase diagram that agrees with earlier work and estimate aspects of its uniaxial pressure dependence. We also find a new high field feature near 10 T which may signal the onset of an additional field-induced phase. C1 [Schmiedeshoff, G. M.; Hollen, S. M.] Occidental Coll, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmiedeshoff, GM (reprint author), Occidental Coll, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [W-7405-Eng-82]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0305397] FX We are grateful to A.H. Lacerda and J.C. Cooley for several helpful discussions. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-82. This work was supported by the Director of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and by the National Science Foundation under DMR-0305397. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1297 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400591 ER PT S AU Jorge, GA Kim, KH Jaime, M Chi, X Hellman, F Itkis, ME Mandal, S Haddon, RC AF Jorge, G. A. Kim, K. H. Jaime, M. Chi, X. Hellman, F. Itkis, M. E. Mandal, S. Haddon, R. C. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Dimerization transition in phenalenyl-based neutral radicals at high magnetic fields SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE neutral radicals; specific heat; high magnetic fields; dimerization ID FILMS AB We measured the anomaly in the specific heat due to the dimerization transition in ethyl and butyl phenalenyl-based neutral radical molecular conductors. A micro-calorimetric technique was used to measure samples in the hundred-microgram scale, in magnetic fields up to 15 T. Different field-dependence was found in the two compounds. In the ethyl-substituted radical, the entropy associated with the transition appears to be essentially field-independent. In the butyl-substitated radical, the entropy at zero field is appreciably reduced in an applied field of 15 T. The different entropy recovered at the transition may also be related to the significantly different transition temperatures. C1 [Jorge, G. A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Kim, K. H.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151141, South Korea. [Kim, K. H.] Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151141, South Korea. [Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chi, X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hellman, F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Itkis, M. E.; Mandal, S.; Haddon, R. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Jorge, GA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Haddon, Robert/A-2528-2008 OI Haddon, Robert/0000-0002-7903-5139 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1315 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400600 ER PT S AU Svitelskiy, O Suslov, A Singleton, J Lashley, JC AF Svitelskiy, O. Suslov, A. Singleton, J. Lashley, J. C. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Ultrasonic probe of the AuZn Fermi surface SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE martensitic phase transition; shape memory alloy; acoustic de Haas-van Alphen effect; Fermi surface AB We, for the first time, apply the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique to explore the Fermi surface of the martensite phase of the single crystalline AuZn shape memory alloy. The ultrasonic measurements were performed in the magnetic fields of up to 45 T in the temperature range of 0.07 < T < 300 K. In the martensite phase (T < 64 K), the oscillations of the speed of the longitudinal sound wave propagating in the (110) direction indicated a strong acoustic de Haas - van Alphen effect. In addition to the earlier described oscillations with frequencies of 1140 and 4720 Tesla, we observed a new frequency of 120 Tesla, which was predicted theoretically. Corresponding effective masses were in favorable agreement with those expected from band structure calculations. C1 [Svitelskiy, O.; Suslov, A.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Singleton, J.; Lashley, J. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Svitelskiy, O (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Suslov, Alexey/M-7511-2014 OI Suslov, Alexey/0000-0002-2224-153X FU NSF [DMR-0084173]; State of Florida; DOE FX NHMFL is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0084173, State of Florida and DOE. The ultrasonic research at the NHMFL is supported by the In-House Research Program. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1319 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400602 ER PT S AU Martins, GB Busser, CA Al-Hassanieh, KA Anda, EV Moreo, A Dagotto, E AF Martins, G. B. Busser, C. A. Al-Hassanieh, K. A. Anda, E. V. Moreo, A. Dagotto, E. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Transport properties of strongly correlated electrons in quantum dots using a simple circuit model SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE Kondo; RKKY; quantum-dots ID SYSTEM AB Numerical calculations presented here simulate the main results of recent experiments (N. J. Craig et al., Science 304, 565 (2004)) involving nonlocal spin control in nanostructures. Our simulations indicate that a splitting of the zero-bias-peak is not related to the RKKY interaction, as suggested by Craig et al. Its origin is associated to the fact that one of the quantum dots is side-connected in relation to the electron's path. In addition, a simple "circuit model" is introduced and shown to give a good qualitative description of the experiments. The implications of this agreement are briefly discussed. C1 [Martins, G. B.] Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Busser, C. A.; Al-Hassanieh, K. A.; Moreo, A.; Dagotto, E.] Univ Tennessee, Konoxville & Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Anda, E. V.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22453 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Martins, GB (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RI Busser, Carlos/K-1017-2014 OI Busser, Carlos/0000-0002-0353-7490 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1384 EP 1386 PN A-B PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400631 ER PT S AU Lai, K Pan, W Tsui, DC Lyon, SA Muhlberger, M Schaffler, F AF Lai, K. Pan, W. Tsui, D. C. Lyon, S. A. Muehlberger, M. Schaeffler, F. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Metal-insulator transition of 2D electrons in a modulation doped Si/Si1-xGex heterostructure SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE 2D metal-insulator transition; Si/SiGe AB We report the observation of the apparent metal-insulator transition (NUT) of two-dimensional electrons in a high quality modulation doped Si/Si1-xGex heterostructure. The critical density n(c), at which the thermal coefficient of its low temperature resistivity changes sign, is 0.32x10(11)cm(-2), much smaller than the n(c) of similar to 0.8x10(11)cm(-2) seen in clean Si-MOSFET's. This is consistent with previous observations in 2D holes in GaAs that n(c) decreases with decreasing disorder. C1 [Lai, K.; Tsui, D. C.; Lyon, S. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pan, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Muehlberger, M.; Schaeffler, F.] Univ Linz, Inst Halbleiterphys, Linz, Austria. RP Lai, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Muhlberger, Michael/A-6586-2010; Schaffler, Friedrich/C-7026-2017; OI Schaffler, Friedrich/0000-0002-7093-2554; Muhlberger, Michael/0000-0001-7542-8552 FU AFOSR; NSF; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank G. Csathy for technical help and S.V. Kravchenko for discussion. The work at Princeton was supported by AFOSR and NSF. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1448 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400656 ER PT S AU Brink, PL Akerib, DS Armed-Funkhouser, MS Attisha, MJ Bailey, CN Baudis, L Bauer, DA Bunker, R Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Chang, CL Crisler, MB Cushman, P Daal, M Dixon, R Dragowsky, MR Driscoll, DD Duong, L Ferril, R Filippini, J Gaitskell, RJ Hennings-Yeomans, R Holmgren, D Huber, ME Kamat, S Lu, A Mahapatra, R Mandic, V Martinis, JM Meunier, P Mirabolfathi, N Nelson, H Nelson, R Ogburn, RW Perera, TA Ramberg, E Reisetter, A Ross, RR Saab, T Sadoulet, B Sander, J Savage, C Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sundqvist, KM Thompson, JPF Wang, G Yellin, S Young, BA AF Brink, P. L. Akerib, D. S. Armed-Funkhouser, M. S. Attisha, M. J. Bailey, C. N. Baudis, L. Bauer, D. A. Bunker, R. Cabrera, B. Caldwell, D. O. Chang, C. L. Crisler, M. B. Cushman, P. Daal, M. Dixon, R. Dragowsky, M. R. Driscoll, D. D. Duong, L. Ferril, R. Filippini, J. Gaitskell, R. J. Hennings-Yeomans, R. Holmgren, D. Huber, M. E. Kamat, S. Lu, A. Mahapatra, R. Mandic, V. Martinis, J. M. Meunier, P. Mirabolfathi, N. Nelson, H. Nelson, R. Ogburn, R. W. Perera, T. A. Ramberg, E. Reisetter, A. Ross, R. R. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Savage, C. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Serfass, B. Sundqvist, K. M. Thompson, J-P. F. Wang, G. Yellin, S. Young, B. A. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Latest results from the CDMS-II Cold Dark Matter search SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE cold dark matter; cryogenic detectors; underground astrophysics AB The CDMS-II collaboration's Cold Dark Matter search presently sets the most competitive exclusion limit in the world for the direct detection of the hypothesized Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) that constitute the cold dark matter of the Universe. Our experiment utilizes Ge (and Si) crystals as the target detectors, each with a mass of 250 g (100 g) and cooled to 30 mK. To eliminate natural radioactive sources as background the experiment is conducted in a well-shielded environment in the Soudan Mine, Minnesota, and has been operating for the last two years. To aid in the identification of a possible WIMP-candidate event, the detectors are designed to measure both the ionization and athermal phonon signals produced by each candidate event. The athermal phonon signal is measured using superconducting aluminum films on the crystal surface connected to tungsten transition edge sensors. The latest WIMP-search results from Soudan will be presented, along with projections for the future. C1 [Brink, P. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Akerib, D. S.; Bailey, C. N.; Kamat, S.; Perera, T. A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Armed-Funkhouser, M. S.; Daal, M.; Filippini, J.; Mandic, V.; Meunier, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Attisha, M. J.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Thompson, J-P. F.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Baudis, L.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Crisler, M. B.; Dixon, R.; Holmgren, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Caldwell, D. O.; Cushman, P.; Mahapatra, R.; Nelson, H.; Yellin, S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Mahapatra, R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cushman, P.; Duong, L.; Huber, M. E.; Ross, R. R.; Sadoulet, B.; Sundqvist, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Martinis, J. M.; Ross, R. R.; Sadoulet, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ross, R. R.; Sadoulet, B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Young, B. A.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Brink, PL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011; Bailey, Catherine/C-6107-2009 FU National Science Foundation [AST-9978911, PHY-9722414]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG03-90ER40569, DEFG03-91ER40618]; Universities Research Association, Inc., [DE-AC02-76CH03000]; [ECS-9731293] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-9978911 and No. PHY-9722414, by the Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG03-90ER40569, DEFG03- 91ER40618, and by Fermilab, operated by the Universities Research Association, Inc., under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the Department of Energy. The ZIP detector fabrication was performed in part at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility of NNIN supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-9731293. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1617 EP 1620 PN A-B PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400734 ER PT S AU Beeman, J Dolinski, M Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Maruyama, R Smith, AR Xu, N Giuliani, A Pedretti, M Sangiorgio, S Barucci, M Olivieri, E Risegari, L Ventura, G Balata, M Bucci, C Nisi, S Palmieri, V De Waard, A Norman, EB Arnaboldi, C Brofferio, C Capelli, S Capozzi, F Carbone, L Clemenza, M Cremonesi, O Fiorini, E Nones, C Nucciotti, A Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Sisti, M Torres, L Zanotti, L Ardito, R Maier, G Guardincerri, E Ottonello, P Pallavicini, M Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Bandac, I Creswick, RJ Farach, HA Rosenfeld, C Cebrian, S Gorla, P Irastorza, IG Bellini, F Cosmelli, C Dafinei, I Diemoz, M Ferroni, F Gargiulo, C Longo, E Morganti, S AF Beeman, J. Dolinski, M. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Maruyama, R. Smith, A. R. Xu, N. Giuliani, A. Pedretti, M. Sangiorgio, S. Barucci, M. Olivieri, E. Risegari, L. Ventura, G. Balata, M. Bucci, C. Nisi, S. Palmieri, V. De Waard, A. Norman, E. B. Arnaboldi, C. Brofferio, C. Capelli, S. Capozzi, F. Carbone, L. Clemenza, M. Cremonesi, O. Fiorini, E. Nones, C. Nucciotti, A. Pavan, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Previtali, E. Sisti, M. Torres, L. Zanotti, L. Ardito, R. Maier, G. Guardincerri, E. Ottonello, P. Pallavicini, M. Artusa, D. R. Avignone, F. T., III Bandac, I. Creswick, R. J. Farach, H. A. Rosenfeld, C. Cebrian, S. Gorla, P. Irastorza, I. G. Bellini, F. Cosmelli, C. Dafinei, I. Diemoz, M. Ferroni, F. Gargiulo, C. Longo, E. Morganti, S. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI CUORE: An experinient to investigate for neutrinoless double beta decay by cooling 750 kg of TeO2 crystals at 10mK SO Low Temperature Physics, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE Double Beta Decay; neutrino mass; low temperature equipment ID CONSTRAINTS AB CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) is an experiment proposed to infer the effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino from measurements on neutrinoless double beta decay (OvDBD). The goal of CUORE is to achieve a background rate in the range 0.001 to 0.01 counts/keV/kg/y at the OvDBD transition energy of Te-130 (2528 keV). The proposed experiment, to be mounted in the underground Gran Sasso INFN National Laboratory, Italy, is realized by cooling about 1000 TeO2 bolometers, of 750 g each, at a temperature of 10mK. We will describe the experiment to be cooled by an extremely powerful dilution refrigerator, operating with no liquid helium, and the main experimental features designed to assure the predicted sensitivity. We present moreover the last results of a small scale (40.7 kg) 0 nu DBD experiment carried on in the Gran Sasso Laboratory (CUORICINO). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beeman, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012 OI Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1623 EP 1626 PN A-B PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400736 ER PT S AU Nazaretski, E Mewes, T Pelekhov, DV Hammel, PC Movshovich, R AF Nazaretski, E. Mewes, T. Pelekhov, D. V. Hammel, P. C. Movshovich, R. BE Takano, Y Hershfield, SP Hirschfeld, PJ Goldman, AM TI Low temperature Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope: Design and performance SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT24) CY AUG 10-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Div Sponsored Res, Natl Sci Fdn, 23rd Int Conf Low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl High Magnet Field Lab DE magnetic instruments and components; cryogenic devices; electron paramagnetic resonance AB We describe the design and operation of a cryogenic magnetic resonance force microscope suitable for detecting electron spin and ferromagnetic resonance. Microscope-critical components are described, including scanning probe stages, cantilever with a micromagnet attached, fiber optic interferometer, and microwave resonator. The performance of the apparatus has been evaluated at 4 K using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a reference sample. Our experiments have demonstrated the sensitivity of the microscope to be better than 3x10(4) electron spins. C1 [Nazaretski, E.; Mewes, T.; Pelekhov, D. V.; Hammel, P. C.; Movshovich, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0347-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 850 BP 1641 EP + PN A-B PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BFO10 UT WOS:000243396400744 ER PT J AU Chen, YC Wang, ZM Yan, MD Prahl, SA AF Chen, YC Wang, ZM Yan, MD Prahl, SA TI Fluorescence anisotropy studies of molecularly imprinted polymers SO LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE steady-state anisotropy; time-resolved anisotropy; time-resolved fluorescence; polymerization kinetics; anthracene sensing ID CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; FILMS; ANTIBODY; SENSORS; MIMICS; ASSAYS; MEDIA; STATE; DECAY; WATER AB A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a biomimetic material that can be used as a biochemical sensing element. We studied the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy of anthracene-imprinted polyurethane. We compared MIPs with imprinted analytes present, MIPs with the imprinted analytes extracted, MIPs with rebound analytes, non-imprinted control polymers (non-MIPs) and non-MIPs bound with analytes to understand MIP's binding behaviour. MIPs and non-MIPs had similar steady-state fluorescence anisotropy in the range 0.11-0.24. Anthracene rebound in MIPs and non-MIPs had a fluorescence lifetime of tau = 0.64 ns and a rotational correlation time of 0, = 1.2-1.5 ns, both of which were shorter than that of MIPs with imprinted analytes present (tau = 2.03 ns and phi(F) = 2.7 ns). The steady-state anisotropy of polymer solutions increased exponentially with polymerization time and might be used to characterize the polymerization extent in situ. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR USA. RP Prahl, SA (reprint author), 9205 SW Barnes Rd, Portland, OR 97225 USA. EM prahl@bme.ogi.edu RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 FU NCI NIH HHS [R24-CA84587-03] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1522-7235 J9 LUMINESCENCE JI Luminescence PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1002/bio.874 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 017LR UT WOS:000235695600002 PM 16078304 ER PT S AU Price, JR Aykac, D Hunn, JD Kercher, AK Morris, RN AF Price, JR Aykac, D Hunn, JD Kercher, AK Morris, RN BE Meriaudeau, F Niel, KS TI New developments in image-based characterization of coated particle nuclear fuel - art. no. 60700H SO Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XIV CY JAN 16-17, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE image-based inspection; image segmentation; metrology; coated-particle nuclear fuel; TRISO fuel AB We describe in this paper new developments in the characterization of coated particle nuclear fuel using optical microscopy and digital imaging. As in our previous work, we acquire optical imagery of the fuel pellets in two distinct manners that we refer to as shadow imaging and cross-sectional imaging. In shadow imaging, particles are collected in a single layer on an optically transparent dish and imaged using collimated back-lighting to measure outer surface characteristics only. In cross-sectional imaging, particles are mounted in acrylic epoxy and polished to near-center to reveal the inner coating layers for measurement. For shadow imaging, we describe a curvature-based metric that is computed from the particle boundary points in the FFT domain using a low-frequency parametric representation. We also describe how missing boundary points are approximated using band-limited interpolation so that the FFT can be applied. For cross-section imaging, we describe a new Bayesian-motivated segmentation scheme as well as a new technique to correct layer measurements for the fact that we cannot observe the true mid-plane of the approximately spherical particles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Price, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kercher, Andrew/K-1147-2016; OI Kercher, Andrew/0000-0003-1784-5686; Morris, Robert/0000-0001-7192-7733 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6110-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6070 BP H700 EP H700 AR 60700H DI 10.1117/12.647834 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEE27 UT WOS:000236912300017 ER PT J AU Aliferis, T Iatrou, H Hadjichristidis, N Messman, J Mays, J AF Aliferis, Thrasyvoulos Iatrou, Hermis Hadjichristidis, Nikos Messman, Jamie Mays, Jimmy TI Synthesis of 3-and 4-arm star-block copolypeptides using multifunctional amino initiators and high vacuum techniques SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPAC Symposium on Ionic Polymerization CY OCT 23-28, 2005 CL Goa, INDIA SP IUPAC, Council Sci & Ind Res, Ind Natl Sci Acad, Dept Sci & Technol, Reliance Ind Ltd DE alpha-aminoacid N-carboxyanhydrites; biopolymers; living ring opening polymerization; multifunctional amine initiators; star polymers ID ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; POLYPEPTIDES; CYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE; CONFORMATION; ARCHITECTURE; COPOLYMERS AB Three- and four-arm star-block copolypepticles, (BL-b-G)(3) and (G-b-BL)(4) of poly(F,-butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine) (BL) and poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (G), were synthesized under high vacuum conditions, using three different multifunctional aminoinitiators for the ring opening polymerization of the corresponding alpha-aminoacid N-carboxyanhydrides. When the initiator contained only primary amine groups 12(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, AMPDA}, well-defined star-block copolypeptides with monomodal molecular weight distribution were produced. However, if the multifunctional initiator contained both primary and tertiary amine groups 1polypropylenimine tetraamine dendrimer, generation 1.0 (DAB); amidoethylethanolamine dendrimer, 1,4-diaminobutane core, generation 0.0 (PAMAM)1, bimodal high polydispersed copolypepticles were formed. The different behaviors are due to the participation of both the primary and tertiary amino groups, each following different polymerization kinetics. C1 Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hadjichristidis, N (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. EM hadjichristidis@chem.uoa.gr NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PY 2006 VL 240 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1002/masy.200650802 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 074ID UT WOS:000239805000003 ER PT J AU Hughes, M Miranda, P Nielsen, D Rosenberg, E Gobetto, R Viale, A Burton, S AF Hughes, M Miranda, P Nielsen, D Rosenberg, E Gobetto, R Viale, A Burton, S TI Silica polyamine composites: New supramolecular materials for cation and anion recovery and remediation SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposiium on Macromolecule-Metal Complexes (MMC-11) CY SEP 10-13, 2005 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IUPAC DE composites; metal polymer complexes; polyamines; solid state NMR; supramolecular structures ID SELENIUM; REMOVAL; RESIN; WATER; SI-29; GEL AB The surface coverage of amorphous silica gels used in the synthesis of silica polyamine composites has been investigated by Si-29 NMR. By diluting the polyamine anchor silane, chloropropyl trichlorosilane, with methyl trichlorosilane it was found that surface coverage could be markedly improved for a range of amine polymers after grafting to the silica surface. The commensurate decrease in the number of anchor points and increase in the number of free amines results in an increase in metal capacity and/or an improvement in capture kinetics. Solid state CPMAS-C-13 NMR has been employed to investigate the structure and metal ion binding of a series of these composite materials. it is reported that the highly branched polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) exhibits much broader C-13 NMR resonances than the linear polymers poly(allylamine) (PAA) and poly(vinylamine) (PVA). These results are understood in terms of the low energy conformations calculated from molecular modeling studies. Three new applications of the technology are also presented: 1) separation of lanthanides as a group from ferric ion and all other divalent ions; 2) a multi step process for recovering and concentrating the valuable metals in acid mine drainage; 3) a process for removing low level arsenic and selenium in the presence of sulfate using immobilized cations on the composite materials. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim, IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rosenberg, E (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM edward.rosenberg@mso.umt.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PY 2006 VL 235 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1002/masy.200650320 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 039AE UT WOS:000237270700021 ER PT B AU Yang, JH Scarpinato, TJ Graczyk, DG Hryn, JN AF Yang, Jianhong Scarpinato, Timothy J. Graczyk, Donald G. Hryn, John N. BE Luo, AA Neelameggham, NR Beals, RS TI Magnesia solubility in the LaCl3-MgCl2 system SO Magnesium Technology 2006, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2006 CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals Metals & Mat Soc, Magensium Comm, Light Metals Div DE magnesium solubility; low-temperature electrolyte; magnesium production AB Magnesia direct electrolysis is appealing to primary magnesium production because of significant cost savings that could result from simplified feed preparation. The key is to find a support electrolyte that has an acceptable solubility of magnesia. The LaCl3-MgCl2 system is one of the proposed electrolyte systems. In this work, magnesia solubility in the LaCl3-MgCl2 system is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ52 UT WOS:000238915300007 ER PT B AU Livescu, V Cady, CM Cerreta, EK Henrie, BL Gray, GT AF Livescu, Veronica Cady, Carl M. Cerreta, Ellen K. Henrie, Benjamin L. Gray, George T., III BE Luo, AA Neelameggham, NR Beals, RS TI The high strain rate deformation behavior of high purity magnesium and AZ31B magnesium alloy SO Magnesium Technology 2006, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2006 CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals Metals & Mat Soc, Magensium Comm, Light Metals Div DE magnesium; mechanical properties; deformation mechanisms; twinning; texture; hcp ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALS; SIMULATION; ANISOTROPY; DUCTILITY; EVOLUTION AB The deformation in compression of pure magnesium and AZ31B magnesium alloy, both with a strong basal pole texture, has been investigated as a function of temperature, strain rate, and specimen orientation. The mechanical response of both metals is highly dependent upon the orientation of loading direction with respect to the basal pole. Specimens compressed along the basal pole direction have a high sensitivity to strain rate and temperature and display a concave down work hardening behavior. Specimens loaded perpendicularly to the basal pole have a yield stress that is relatively insensitive to strain rate and temperature and a work hardening behavior that is parabolic and then linearly upwards. Both specimen orientations display a mechanical response that is sensitive to temperature and strain rate. Postmortem characterization of the pure magnesium was conducted on a subset of specimens to determine the microstructural and textural evolution during deformation and these results are correlated with the observed work hardening behavior and strain rate sensitivities were calculated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Livescu, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BEQ52 UT WOS:000238915300025 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy and a Single-Spin Measurement Introduction SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 4 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800002 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy and a Single-Spin Measurement Preface SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP V EP + D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800001 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Spin Dynamics - Quasiclassical Description SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0002 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800003 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Spin Dynamics - Quantum Description SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0003 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800004 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Mechanical Vibrations of the Cantilever SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0004 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800005 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Single-Spin Detection in Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0005 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800006 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Transient Process in MFM - The Exact Solution of the Master Equation SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0006 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800007 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Periodic Spin Reversals in Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM) Driven by pi-Pulses SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0007 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800008 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Oscillating Adiabatic Spin Reversals Driven by the Frequency Modulated rf Field SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0008 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800009 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Oscillating Cantilever-Driven Adiabatic Reversals (OSCAR) Technique in MRFM SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0009 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800010 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI CT-Spin Dynamics in the OSCAR Technique SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 97 EP 126 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0010 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 30 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800011 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Magnetic Noise and Spin Relaxation in OSCAR MRFM SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 127 EP 162 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0011 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 36 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800012 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI MRFM Applications: Measurement of an Entangled State and Quantum Computation SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 163 EP 182 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0012 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800013 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI MRFM Techniques and Spin Diffusion SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 183 EP 206 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0013 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 24 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800014 ER PT B AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Gorshkov, V. N. Tsifrinovich, V. I. BA Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI BF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy and a Single-Spin Measurement Conclusion SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND A SINGLE-SPIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Berman, G. P.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Gorshkov, V. N.] Inst Phys, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] Polytech Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-277-409-5; 978-981-256-693-5 PY 2006 BP 207 EP 208 DI 10.1142/9789812774095_0014 D2 10.1142/9789812774095 PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYZ22 UT WOS:000300786800015 ER PT J AU Wind, RA Hu, JZ Majors, PD AF Wind, RA Hu, JZ Majors, PD TI Localized in vivo isotropic-anisotropic correlation H-1 NMR spectroscopy using ultraslow magic angle spinning SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE high-resolution H-1 spectroscopy; in vivo NMR; magic angle turning; magic angle spinning; PHORMAT ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LIVER; RAT; SAMPLES; SOLIDS; PLASMA; LIPIDS AB In a previous work (1), the susceptibility broadening in the H-1 NMR metabolite spectrum obtained in a live mouse was separated from the isotropic information, which significantly increased the spectral resolution, This was achieved using ultraslow magic angle spinning (MAS) of the animal combined with a modified phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) pulse sequence. However, PHORMAT cannot be used for spatially selective spectroscopy. This article introduces a modified sequence called localized magic angle turning (LOCMAT) that makes this possible. Proton LOCMAT spectra were obtained from the liver and heart of a live mouse while the animal was spun at a speed of 4 Hz in a 2 Tesla field. It was found that even in this relatively low field, LOCMAT provided isotropic line widths that were a factor of 4-10 times smaller than those obtained in a stationary animal. Furthermore, the susceptibility broadening of the heart metabolites showed unusual features that are not observed in dead animals. The limitations of LOCMAT and possible ways to improve the technique are discussed. It is concluded that in vivo LOCMAT can significantly enhance the utility of NMR spectroscopy for biomedical research. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.wind@pnl.gov RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB003293] NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1002/mrm.20740 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 998TO UT WOS:000234342800006 PM 16315205 ER PT S AU Hashemian, HM AF Hashemian, H. M. BA Hashemian, HM BF Hashemian, HM TI Maintenance of Process Instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants Introduction SO MAINTENANCE OF PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS SE Power Systems LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Hashemian, H. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hashemian, H. M.] IAEA, Vienna, Austria. [Hashemian, H. M.] IEC, Barcelona, Spain. [Hashemian, H. M.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Hashemian, H. M.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. [Hashemian, H. M.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Hashemian, H. M.] Anal & Measurement Serv Corp, AMS, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. RP Hashemian, HM (reprint author), Anal & Measurement Serv Corp, AMS, Cross Pk Dr 9111, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. EM hash@ams-corp.com; hash@ams-corp.com NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-1287 BN 978-3-540-33703-4 J9 POWER SYST PY 2006 BP 1 EP + PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJQ63 UT WOS:000266996700001 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Mahimairaja, S Megharaj, M Naidu, R Adriano, DC AF Bolan, Nanthi S. Mahimairaja, Santiago Megharaj, M. Naidu, Ravi Adriano, Domy C. BE Naidu, R Smith, E Owens, G Bhattacharya, P Nadebaum, P TI Biotransformation of arsenic in soil and aquatic environments Bioavailability and bioremediation SO MANAGING ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT: FROM SOIL TO HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION; FRESH-WATER ALGAE; HEAVY-METALS; NATURAL-WATERS; DRINKING-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; MICROBIAL FORMATION; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; REDUCING BACTERIA; MARINE-ALGAE C1 [Bolan, Nanthi S.; Mahimairaja, Santiago] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Megharaj, M.; Naidu, Ravi] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Adriano, Domy C.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 129 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD STREET, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VIC 3066, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-643-09351-5 PY 2006 BP 433 EP 453 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BVM06 UT WOS:000291852600026 ER PT J AU Roark, EB Guilderson, TP Dunbar, RB Ingram, BL AF Roark, E. Brendan Guilderson, Thomas P. Dunbar, Robert B. Ingram, B. Lynn TI Radiocarbon-based ages and growth rates of Hawaiian deep-sea corals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE deep-sea coral; age; growth rate; radiocarbon; Corallium secundum; Gerardia sp.; Leiopathes glaberrima; Antipathes dichotoma ID PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DESMOPHYLLUM-CRISTAGALLI; GORGONIAN CORALS; C-14 DATA; VARIABILITY; CARBON; ALASKA; VENTILATION; CALIBRATION AB The radial growth rates and ages of 3 different groups of Hawaiian deep-sea 'corals' were determined using radiocarbon measurements. Specimens of Corallium secundum, Gerardia sp., and Leiopathes glaberrima were collected from 450 +/- 40 in depth at the Makapuu deep-sea coral bed off the southeast coast of Oahu, Hawaii, USA, using a submersible vessel (PISCES V). Specimens of Antipathes dichotoma were collected at 50 in depth off Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii. The primary source of carbon to the calcitic C. secundum skeleton is in situ dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Using 'bomb C-14' time markers we calculated radial growth rates of similar to 170 pm yr(-1) and ages of 67 to 71 yr for specimens of C. secundum up to 28 cm tall. Gerardia sp., A. dichotoma, and L. glaberrima have proteinaceous skeletons, and labile particulate organic carbon (POC) is their primary source of architectural carbon. Using C-14 we calculated a radial growth rate of 15 pin yr(-1) and an age of 807 +/- 30 yr for a live collected Gerardia sp., showing that these organisms are extremely long lived. Radiocarbon measurements taken from the inner and outer portions of basal cross sections of 4 sub-fossil Gerardia sp. samples showed growth rates (range 14 to 45 pm yr(-1)) and ages (range 450 to 2742 yr) similar to that of the live collected sample. Similarly, with a growth rate of < 10 pm yr(-1) and an age of similar to 2377 yr, L. glaberrima at the Makapuu coral bed is also extremely long lived. In contrast, the shallow-collected A. dichotoma samples yielded growth rates ranging from 130 to 1140 pm yr(-1) (12 to 32 yr). These results show that Hawaiian deep-sea corals grow more slowly and are older than previously thought. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roark, EB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM broark@stanford.edu RI Roark, Erin/D-4124-2013 OI Roark, Erin/0000-0002-1742-9642 NR 45 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2006 VL 327 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3354/meps327001 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151VO UT WOS:000245319100001 ER PT J AU Hook, SE Skillman, AD Small, JA Schultz, IR AF Hook, Sharon E. Skillman, Ann D. Small, Jack A. Schultz, Irvin R. TI Dose-response relationships in gene expression profiles in rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss, exposed to ethynylestradiol SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE rainbow trout; cDNA microarray; estrogens AB Determining how gene expression profiles change with toxicant dose will improve the utility of arrays in identifying biomarkers and modes of toxic action. Isogenic rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss,were exposed to 10, 50 or 100 ng/L ethynylestradiol (a xeno-estrogen) for 7 days. Following exposure hepatic RNA was extracted. Fluorescently labeled cDNA were generated and hybridized against a commercially available Atlantic Salmon/Trout array (GRASP project, University of Victoria) spotted with 16,000 cDNAs. Transcript expression in treated vs control fish was analyzed via Genespring (Silicon Genetics) to identify genes with altered expression, as well as to determine gene clustering patterns that can be used as "expression signatures". Array results were confirmed via qRT PCR. Our analysis indicates that gene expression profiles varied somewhat with dose. Established biomarkers of exposure to estrogenic chemicals, such as vitellogenin, vitelline envelope proteins, and the estrogen receptor alpha, were induced at every dose. Other genes were dose specific, suggesting that different doses induce distinct physiological responses. These findings demonstrate that cDNA microarrays could be used to identify both toxicant class and relative dose. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hook, SE (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM Sharon.Hook@pnl.gov RI Hook, Sharon/D-9067-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012446, R01 ES012446-03, 5R01ES012446-03] NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S151 EP S155 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.056 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800098 PM 16725192 ER PT J AU Kim, J Hayton, WL Schultz, IR AF Kim, Jonghan Hayton, William L. Schultz, Irvin R. TI Modeling the brain-pituitary-gonad axis in salmon SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE feedback; periodic turnover; hormone signaling; biologically based mathematical (pharmacodynamic) model AB To better understand the complexity of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis (BPG) in fish, we developed a biologically based pharmacodynamic model capable of accurately predicting the normal functioning of the BPG axis in salmon. This first-generation model consisted of a set of 13 equations whose formulation was guided by published values for plasma concentrations of pituitary- (FSH, LH) and ovary- (estradiol, 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-preginene-3-one) derived hormones measured in Coho salmon over an annual spawning period. In addition, the model incorporated pertinent features of previously published mammalian models and indirect response pharmacodynamic models. Model-based equations include a description of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis and release from the hypothalamus, which is controlled by environmental variables such as photoperiod and water temperature. GnRH stimulated the biosynthesis of mRNA for FSH and LH, which were also influenced by estradiol concentration in plasma. The level of estradiol in the plasma was regulated by the oocytes, which moved along a maturation progression. Estradiol was synthesized at a basal rate and as oocytes matured, stimulation of its biosynthesis occurred. The BPG model can be integrated with toxico-genomic, -proteomic data, allowing linkage between molecular based biomarkers and reproduction in fish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Columbus, OH USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Div, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_Schultz@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S426 EP S432 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.022 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800290 PM 16716390 ER PT J AU McElroy, AE Bogler, A Weisbaum, D Norris, M Mendelman, LV Setlow, R Winn, R AF McElroy, A. E. Bogler, A. Weisbaum, D. Norris, M. Mendelman, L. V. Setlow, R. Winn, R. TI Uptake, metabolism, mutant frequencies and mutational spectra in lambda transgenic medaka embryos exposed to benzo[alpha]pyrene dosed sediments SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 13) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Alessandria, ITALY DE benzo[alpha]pyrene; in vivo metabolism; genotoxicity; lambda transgenic medaka; Oryzias latipes; bioaccumulation; fish embryos ID FISH AB The goal of this study was to provide data supporting the use of lambda transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos to evaluate mutagens in sediments. Embryos incubated directly on sediments dosed with the reference mutagen, benzo[alpha]pyrene (BaP), were examined for BaP uptake and metabolism. Mutant frequency and mutational spectrum were assessed in the cII transgene recovered from adult medaka livers exposed as embryos. Embryos rapidly accumulated C-14-BaP and metabolized BaP to polar metabolites, indicating sediment-sorbed BaP is available for bioaccumulation and medaka embryos are capable of bioactivating this mutagen. Exposure of embryos to BaP dosed sediments significantly induced cII transgene mutant frequencies with mutations predominantly being in G:C base pairs, consistent with known mechanisms of BaP mutagenesis in transgenic mice and fish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McElroy, AE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM anne.mcelroy@sunysb.edu NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S273 EP S277 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.019 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800189 PM 16709429 ER PT J AU McElroy, A Mendelman, L Setlow, R Weisbaum, D Norris, M Winn, R AF McElroy, Anne Mendelman, Lynn Setlow, Richard Weisbaum, Dolores Norris, Michelle Winn, Richard TI Use of trangenic medaka to evaluate mutagens in urban sediments SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Georgia, Aquat Biotechnol & Environm Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S374 EP S375 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800238 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Woodruff, DL Skillman, AS AF Schultz, Irvin R. Woodruff, Dana L. Skillman, Ann S. TI Domoic acid toxicokinetics in fish and shellfish SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle PNNL MSL, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 2006 VL 62 SU S BP S67 EP S68 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062PU UT WOS:000238957800052 ER PT J AU Stiger, MJ Meier, GH Pettit, FS Ma, Q Beuth, JL Lance, MJ AF Stiger, MJ Meier, GH Pettit, FS Ma, Q Beuth, JL Lance, MJ TI Accelerated cyclic oxidation testing protocols for thermal barrier coatings and alumina-forming alloys and coatings SO MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION LA English DT Article ID SPALLING MODEL; INTERFACIAL TOUGHNESS; SYSTEMS; STRESS; SCALES; COSP AB The oxide spallation resistance of oxide scales and ceramic thermal barrier coatings is a key design factor for developing high-temperature alloy systems. Determination of the lifetimes of such alloy and coating systems is highly desirable. However, as improved systems are developed, lifetimes become so long that the time required to test a system to failure becomes prohibitive. Therefore, reliable protocols for accelerated testing and lifetime prediction are needed. This paper describes two attempts at developing such protocols. The first involves modification of the NASA COSP model to predict cyclic oxidation behavior of alloys and metallic coatings and the incorporation of acoustic emission data into this model. The second involves use of an indentation technique to induce spalling of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) after short-term thermal exposures. The first effort involves using the COSP Model, developed at NASA, as the basis for the prediction of oxide spallation. Acoustic emission measurements are used in an attempt to obtain critical parameters in the model from short-time experiments for a variety of alloys and coatings which rely on alumina scales for oxidation resistance. The model is then used to predict the lives of these alloys and coatings when subjected to cyclic oxidation at 1100 degrees C. A principal concern with ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas turbines is their loss of adhesion during service, leading to coating spallation. In this paper, an overview is given of an indentation test for brittle coatings on ductile substrates which is used to quantify decreases in interfacial toughness of TBC systems due to cyclic high-temperature exposures. The indentation test involves penetration of the TBC and the oxide layer below it, inducing plastic straining in the underlying metal bond coat and superalloy substrate. The indentation strains cause an axisymmetric delamination of the TBC and oxide layers. Measurement of the extent of the delamination, coupled with finite-element modeling, provides a measure of the adherence of the coating. Test results are presented tracking the loss of interfacial toughness for EBPVD TBC systems cyclically exposed at 1100 degrees C. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meier, GH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM ghmeier@engr.pitt.edu RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-5117 J9 MATER CORROS JI Mater. Corros. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1002/maco.200503896 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 007BT UT WOS:000234943200008 ER PT S AU Li, Q AF Li, Qiang BE Yang, J Hogan, TP Funahashi, R Nolas, GS TI On the thermoelectric properties of layered cobaltates SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIRECT THERMAL-TO-ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERSION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal-to-Electric Energy Conversion held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID STRONGLY CORRELATED METALS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FERMION SYSTEMS; HUBBARD-MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTAL AB A study on the thermoelectric properties of layered cobaltates is presented, based on the dynamic mean field theory for strongly correlated electron systems. Electron correlation results in a crossover from coherent quasi-particle excitation at low temperature to incoherent excitation at high temperatures in cobaltates. With an extremely narrow quasi-particle bandwidth (h omega similar to 50 meV), the thermal destruction of Fermi-liquid occurs at the moderate crossover temperature T-M (similar to 200 K), and suggests a new scaling for thermoelectric power S of cobaltates (S similar to kT/h omega similar to T/T-M) at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the dominating incoherent excitation leads to a weak temperature dependent S, and electric resistivity p approaches the Mott-limit hale 2 - a few m Omega-cm for cobaltates, where a is a lattice constant. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-840-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 886 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BEG70 UT WOS:000237235300003 ER PT S AU Hu, YF Sutter, E Si, WD Li, Q AF Hu, Y. F. Sutter, E. Si, W. D. Li, Qiang BE Yang, J Hogan, TP Funahashi, R Nolas, GS TI Microstructure of Ca3Co4O9 single crystals and thin films SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIRECT THERMAL-TO-ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERSION SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal-to-Electric Energy Conversion held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Boston, MA ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; COMPOSITE CRYSTAL; MERIT AB We present a comparative study of the microstructure of Ca3Co4O9 single crystals and c-axis oriented Ca3Co4O9 thin films grown on glass substrates. Though both crystals and films have similar values of Seekbeck coefficient and electric resistivity at room temperature, their microstructures are rather different. Extensive high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal that the films grown on glass substrates have abundant stacking faults, which is in contrast to the perfect crystalline structure found in the single crystal sample. The caxis lattice constants derived from the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM measurements for the single crystal sample and the thin film are virtually the same, suggesting that the thin film on the glass substrate was not strained. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, YF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-840-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 886 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BEG70 UT WOS:000237235300005 ER PT J AU Ellingson, WA Visher, RJ Lipanovich, RS Deemer, CM AF Ellingson, WA Visher, RJ Lipanovich, RS Deemer, CM TI Optical NDT techniques for ceramic thermal barrier coatings SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; thermal barrier coating; luminescence spectroscopy; midinfrared backscatter; infrared thermal imaging; optical coherence tomography; elastic optical scattering; laser backscatter ID GROWN OXIDE; SYSTEMS; LUMINESCENCE; EVOLUTION; FAILURE; MODEL AB Thermal barrier coatings, usually comprised of yttria-stabilized zirconia, are used in gas turbine engines to reduce the operating temperature Of the superalloy base metal. A typical coating system is composed of a superalloy substrate, a bond coat and the top coat, or thermal barrier coating. Thermal barrier coatings are critical in high performance propulsion turbines and low-emission electric power gas turbines because if these are lost during operation, damage to the substrate material may occur. Reliable noncontact, nondestructive techniques are required to monitor the condition of the thermal barrier coating and predict coating failure. Several nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are in various stages of development for determining the status of these critical coatings. Optical techniques take advantage of the fact that thermal barrier coatings are optically translucent. This means that surfaces within and below the thermal barrier coating can be examined using appropriate optical wavelengths. Optical NDT techniques presently under study include luminescence spectroscopy, laser backscatter, optical coherence tomography, thermal imaging and mid-infrared backscatter. The choice of the NDT technique depends to some extent on the type of thermal barrier coating of interest. Most thermal barrier coatings are being applied with electron beam physical vapor deposition or air plasma spraying. This paper discusses the various NDT techniques and provides examples of experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ellingson, WA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ellingson@anl.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 007RG UT WOS:000234986500007 ER PT J AU Sun, JG Deemer, CM Ellingson, WA Wheeler, J AF Sun, JG Deemer, CM Ellingson, WA Wheeler, J TI NDT technologies for ceramic matrix composites: Oxide and nonoxide SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; ceramic matrix composites; discontinuities; remaining useful life ID DAMAGE AB Ceramic matrix composites are usually classified into two materials systems: oxide based and nonoxide based. Oxide based systems consist of an oxide fiber and an oxide matrix, whereas nonoxide systems can consist Of carbon fibers with a carbon matrix (C/C), carbon fibers with a silicon carbide matrix (C/SiC), as well as silicon carbide fibers with a silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC). In addition, several processing techniques affect the mechanical and thermal properties of these materials and thus affect the nondestructive testing (NDT) applications. Furthermore, most of these materials utilize an environmental barrier coating that protects the base material. This added layer also complicates the NDT applications. NDT technologies have been developed for characterizing these advanced material systems during manufacture so that process improvements can be assessed and health monitored during service. Also, initial work has been done to estimate remaining useful life. NDT technologies that have been demonstrated to be applicable include thermal imaging that uses high frame rate, focal plane array infrared imagers with special software; air coupled ultrasonics in through transmission mode; X-ray computed tomographic imaging with large area, small pixel size detectors; guided plate waves; and impact excitation resonance to measure internal friction. This paper discusses these NDT technologies and the protocols to be used for these materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sun@anl.gov RI Wheeler, Jeffrey/D-9843-2011 OI Wheeler, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7763-2610 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 007RG UT WOS:000234986500008 ER PT S AU Deo, CS Srivilliputhur, SG Baskes, M Maloy, S James, M Okuniewski, M Stubbins, J AF Deo, Chaitanya Suresh Srivilliputhur, Srinivasan G. Baskes, Michael Maloy, Stuart James, Michael Okuniewski, Maria Stubbins, James BE Ila, D Mailhiot, C Saganti, PB TI Kinetics of the nucleation and growth of helium bubbles in bcc iron SO MATERIALS IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Extreme Environments held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PURE METALS; IRRADIATION; CLUSTERS; NEUTRON; ALLOYS; LANSCE AB Microstructural defects are introduced in materials upon irradiation with energetic particles. These defects can cause degradation of mechanical properties and contribute to material failure. Transmuted helium in irradiated stainless steels exerts deleterious effects on material properties. We have performed kinetic Monte Carlo, (kMC) simulations of point defect diffusion and clustering in bcc alpha iron. The model includes helium and vacancy diffusion and spontaneous clustering and dissociation of the point defects from the clusters. We employ the kMC simulations to investigate the time evolution of the point defect configuration leading to defect clustering and bubble formation. The concentration of embryonic point defect clusters is determined as a function of the simulation time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deo, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-886-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 929 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFG34 UT WOS:000241699200003 ER PT S AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Belak, J Kumar, M AF Barabash, R. I. Ice, G. E. Liu, W. Belak, J. Kumar, M. BE Ila, D Mailhiot, C Saganti, PB TI Spatially resolved microdiffraction analysis of the plastic deformation in the shock recovered Al single crystal SO Materials in Extreme Environments SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Extreme Environments held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ALUMINUM AB Spatially resolved diffraction with a sub micrometer-diameter beam and 3D differential aperture microscopy together with MD simulations, SEM and OIM analysis are applied to understand the arrangements of voids, geometrically necessary dislocations and strain gradient distribution in samples of Al (123) single crystal shocked to incipient spallation fracture. We describe how geometrically necessary dislocations and the effective strain gradient alter white beam Lane patterns of the shocked materials. We show how to quantitatively determine the orientation and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in the shock recovered Al samples being initially oriented for single slip. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-886-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 929 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFG34 UT WOS:000241699200009 ER PT J AU Asthana, R Kumar, A Dahotre, NB AF Asthana, Rajiv Kumar, Ashok Dahotre, Narendra B. BA Asthana, R Kumar, A Dahotre, NB BF Asthana, R Kumar, A Dahotre, NB TI Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science Preface SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Asthana, Rajiv] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Asthana, Rajiv] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Stout, WI USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Univ S Florida, Ctr Nanomat & Microelect Res, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] NASA EPSCoR Program, Adv Mat Program State Alabama, Washington, DC USA. [Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Asthana, R (reprint author), Foundry Res Inst, Krakow, Poland. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046488-6 PY 2006 BP XVIII EP XX DI 10.1016/B978-075067716-5/50001-7 D2 10.1016/B978-075067716-5/50003-0 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCT19 UT WOS:000311337200001 ER PT S AU Kulkarni, NS Tamirisa, P Levitin, G Kasica, RJ Hess, DW AF Kulkarni, Nagraj S. Tamirisa, Prabhakar Levitin, Galit Kasica, Richard J. Hess, Dennis W. BE Tsui, TY Joo, YC Michaelson, L Lane, M Volinsky, AA TI Low temperature plasma etching of copper for minimizing size effects in sub-100 mn features SO Materials, Technology and Reliability of Low-k Dielectrics and Copper Interconnects SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability of Low-k Dielectrics and Copper Interconnects held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GRAIN-GROWTH; FILMS; INTERCONNECTS; METALLIZATION; SCATTERING; SURFACE; LINES AB A low temperature plasma etching process for patterning copper interconnects is proposed as a solution to the size effect issue in the resistivity of copper. Key features of this etching process based on a previous thermochemical analysis of the Cu-Cl-H system are discussed. Potential benefits of a subtractive etching scheme based on this process in comparison with the damascene scheme for copper-based interconnect processing in sub-100 rim. features are presented in the context of the ITRS roadmap. Preliminary experimental work on plasma etching of Cu thin films using the proposed process is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kulkarni, NS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 914 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BFJ14 UT WOS:000242213700042 ER PT J AU Fischer, P Kim, DH Chao, WL Liddle, JA Anderson, EH Attwood, DT AF Fischer, Peter Kim, Dong-Hyun Chao, Weilun Liddle, J. Alexander Anderson, Erik H. Attwood, David T. TI Soft X-ray microscopy of nanomagnetism SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; DATA-STORAGE; THIN-FILMS; SENSITIVE DIAGNOSTICS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RECORDING MEDIA; PARTICLE ARRAYS; DOMAIN-WALL AB Magnetic materials with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers are important for the development of ultrahigh-density magnetic storage and sensor devices. Magnetic microstructure largely determines functionality, and imaging of magnetic domains and magnetization reversal behavior is an outstanding challenge. Magnetic X-ray microscopy makes it possible to investigate magnetization phenomena with elemental specificity and high spatial and temporal resolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFischer@lbl.gov RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Kim, Dong-Hyun/F-7195-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 106 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71335-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 113OR UT WOS:000242607700016 ER PT J AU Ozawa, K Hinoki, T Nozawa, T Katoh, Y Maki, Y Kondo, S Ikeda, S Kohyama, A AF Ozawa, K Hinoki, T Nozawa, T Katoh, Y Maki, Y Kondo, S Ikeda, S Kohyama, A TI Evaluation of fiber/matrix interfacial strength of neutron irradiated SiC/SiC composites using hysteresis loop analysis of tensile test SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; ceramic matrix composites; SiC/SiC; neutron irradiation; tensile properties; hysteresis loop analysis ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; FUEL PARTICLE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Advanced SiC/SiC composites composed of highly-crystalline and near-stoichiornetric SiC fibers, SiC matrix by CVI method, and PyC interphase were irradiated up to 1.0 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 McV, similar to 1 dpa) at 1273 K. Unload/reload cyclic tensile test and hysteresis loop analysis were carried out in order to identify neutron irradiation effects on interfacial properties of advanced SiC/SiC. The composites exhibited good irradiation resistance in ultimate tensile strength (similar to 10% increase), but there were slight reduction of clastic modulus and proportional limit stress (PLS) (similar to 10%). Wider hysteresis loops and lower gradient Of the Curves beyond PLS from the strain-stress curves, and longer pullout of fiber from the SEM observation were observed, which imply weaker F/M interactions after neutron irradiation. From the hysteresis loop analysis, degradation of interfacial sliding stress and negative increment of misfit stress after neutron irradiation were obtained. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozawa, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji 6110011, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.2320/matertrans.47.207 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 015RL UT WOS:000235568400035 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Li, J AF Hyman, JM Li, J TI Differential susceptibility and infectivity epidemic models SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE differential susceptibility; differential infectivity; reproduction number; endemic equilibrium; global stability ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; BASIC REPRODUCTION RATIO; HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASES; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY AB We formulate differential susceptibility and differential infectivity models for disease transmission in this paper. The susceptibles are divided into n groups based on their susceptibilities, and the infectives are divided into m groups according to their infectivities. Both the standard incidence and the bilinear incidence are considered for different diseases. We obtain explicit formulas for the reproductive number. We define the reproductive number for each sub group. Then the reproductive number for the entire population is a weighted average of those reproductive numbers for the subgroups. The formulas for the reproductive number are derived from the local stability of the infection-free equilibrium. We show that the infection-free equilibrium is globally stable as the reproductive number is less than one for the models with the bilinear incidence or with the standard incidence but no disease-induced death. We then show that if the reproductive number is greater than one, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium for these models. For the general cases of the models with the standard incidence and death, conditions are derived to ensure the uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium. We also provide numerical examples to demonstrate that the unique endemic equilibrium is a symptotically stable if it exists. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Math Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hyman@lanl.gov; li@math.uah.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1547-1063 J9 MATH BIOSCI ENG JI Math. Biosci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 001MV UT WOS:000234538700008 PM 20361810 ER PT S AU Aleksandrov, L Djidjev, HN Guo, H Maheshwari, A Nussbaum, D Sack, JR AF Aleksandrov, Lyudmil Djidjev, Hristo N. Guo, Hua Maheshwari, Anil Nussbaum, Doron Sack, Jorg-Rudiger BE Kralovic, R Urzyczyn, P TI Approximate shortest path queries on weighted polyhedral surfaces SO MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA SP Slovak Soc Comp Sci, Comenius Univ ID BOUNDED GENUS; 3 DIMENSIONS; ALGORITHMS; GRAPHS; POLYTOPE AB We consider the classical geometric problem of determining shortest paths between pairs of points lying on a weighted polyhedral surface P consisting of n triangular faces. We present query algorithms that compute approximate distances and/or approximate (weighted) shortest paths. Our algorithm takes as input an approximation parameter epsilon is an element of (0, 1) and a query time parameter q and builds a data structure which is then used for answering epsilon-approximate distance queries in O(q) time. This algorithm is source point independent and improves significantly on the best previous solution. For the case where one of the query points is fixed we build a data structure that can answer c-approximate distance queries to any query point in P in 0(log 1/epsilon) time. This is an improvement upon the previously known solution for the Euclidean fixed source query problem. Our algorithm also generalizes the setting from previously studied unweighted polyhedral to weighted polyhedral surfaces of arbitrary genus. Our solutions are based on a novel graph separator algorithm introduced here which extends and generalizes previously known separator algorithms. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Carleton Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Aleksandrov, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. OI Sack, Jorg-Rudiger/0000-0001-5936-1319 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-37791-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4162 BP 98 EP 109 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BEZ39 UT WOS:000240271700009 ER PT J AU Li, JS Enginarlar, E Meerkov, SM AF Li, Jingshan Enginarlar, E. Meerkov, Semyon M. TI Conservation of filtering in manufacturing systems with unreliable machines and finished goods buffers SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DUE-TIME PERFORMANCE; SERIAL PRODUCTION LINES; DEMAND SATISFACTION; PRODUCTION OUTPUT; FINITE BUFFERS; VARIANCE; VARIABILITY AB This paper addresses the issue of reliable satisfaction of customer demand by unreliable production systems. In the framework of a simple production-storage-customer model, we show that this can be accomplished by using an appropriate level of filtering of production randomness. The filtering is ensured by finished goods buffers ( filtering in space) and shipping periods ( filtering in time). The following question is considered: how are filtering in space and filtering in time interrelated? As an answer, we show that there exists a conservation law: in lean manufacturing systems, the amount of filtering in space multiplied by the amount of filtering in time ( both measured in appropriate dimensionless units) is practically constant. Along with providing an insight into the nature of manufacturing systems, this law offers a tool for selecting the smallest, that is, lean, finished goods buffering, which is necessary and sufficient to ensure the desired level of customer demand satisfaction. C1 GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Mfg Syst Res Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Li, JS (reprint author), GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Mfg Syst Res Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. EM jingshan.li@gm.com; emre@lanl.gov; smm@eecs.umich.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2006 AR 27328 DI 10.1155/MPE/2006/27328 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 081UN UT WOS:000240342600001 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Phuoc, Tran X. TI Modeling granular materials as compressible nonlinear fluids: Heat transfer boundary value problems SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; COHESIONLESS ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIAL; MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; STEADY SHEAR-FLOW; INCLINED PLANE; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; NATURAL-CONVECTION; GRAVITY FLOW; FLAT PLATES AB We discuss three boundary value problems in the flow and heat transfer analysis in flowing granular materials: (i) the flow down an inclined plane with radiation effects at the free surface; (ii) the natural convection flow between two heated vertical walls; (iii) the shearing motion between two horizontal flat plates with heat conduction. It is assumed that the material behaves like a continuum, similar to a compressible nonlinear fluid where the effects of density gradients are incorporated in the stress tensor. For a fully developed flow the equations are simplified to a system of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The equations are made dimensionless and a parametric study is performed where the effects of various dimensionless numbers representing the effects of heat conduction, viscous dissipation, radiation, and so forth are presented. Copyright (C) 2006 M. Massoudi and T. X. Phuoc. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM mehrdad.massoudi@netl.doe.gov; tran@netl.doe.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2006 AR 56046 DI 10.1155/MPE/2006/56046 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 132JN UT WOS:000243939200001 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M AF Anitescu, M TI Optimization-based simulation of nonsmooth rigid multibody dynamics SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE multibody dynamics; contact; Coulomb friction; convex relaxation ID BODY CONTACT PROBLEMS; SMALL FRICTION; JOINTS AB We present a time-stepping method to simulate rigid multibody dynamics with inelastic collision, contact, and friction. The method progresses with fixed time step without backtracking for collision and solves at every step a strictly convex quadratic program. We prove that a solution sequence of the method converges to the solution of a measure differential inclusion. We present numerical results for a few examples, and we illustrate the difference between the results from our scheme and previous, linear-complementarity-based time-stepping schemes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Bldg 221,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-5610 EI 1436-4646 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1 BP 113 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10107-005-0590-7 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 987WF UT WOS:000233547600006 ER PT S AU Griffin, JD Kolda, TG AF Griffin, Joshua D. Kolda, Tamara G. BE Iglesias, A Takayama, N TI A parallel, asynchronous method for derivative-free nonlinear programs SO MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE-ICMS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Congress on Mathematical Software (ICMS 2006) CY SEP 01-03, 2006 CL Castro Urdiales, SPAIN SP Univ Cantabria, Dept Math, Stat & Computat, Univ Cantabria, Dept Appl Math & Comutat Sci ID AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN ALGORITHM; PATTERN SEARCH; GENERAL CONSTRAINTS; SIMPLE BOUNDS; OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffin, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jgriffi@sandia.gov; tgkolda@sandia.gov RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-38084-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4151 BP 260 EP 262 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BFA78 UT WOS:000240541100026 ER PT S AU Chowell, G Cintron-Arias, A Del Valle, S Sanchez, F Song, BJ Hyman, JM Hethcote, HW Castillo-Chavez, C AF Chowell, Gerardo Cintron-Arias, Ariel Del Valle, Sara Sanchez, Fabio Song, Baojun Hyman, James M. Hethcote, Herbert W. Castillo-Chavez, Carlos BE Gumel, AB TI Mathematical applications associated with the deliberate release of infectious agents SO MATHEMATICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN DISEASE DYNAMICS: EMERGING PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Modeling the Dynamics of Human Diseases CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT SP AMS, IMS, SIAM DE mathematical epidemiology; differential equations; random networks; homeland security ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; SMALLPOX ATTACK; TRANSMISSION; MODEL; BIOTERRORISM; EPIDEMICS; OUTBREAK AB Efforts to anticipate, prevent, or control deliberate releases of biological agents are critical components of homeland security research. The lack of data on deliberately induced epidemics naturally leads to the use of mathematical models (capable of simulating realistic scenarios) in the evaluation of policies that ensure our security. Modeling single outbreaks of a disease can help give insight into the effectiveness of our ability to respond and control such epidemics. We quantify the impact of delaying the response to an epidemic in a probabilistic network model and in compartmental differential equation models. Simulation studies are used to generate new insights on the dynamics of deliberate releases. In these settings we can explore ways of diminishing the impact of unexpected releases after detection. We review mathematical models that account for public health interventions and individual behavioral changes or incorporate the impact of "transient" populations on the spread of deliberate releases of infectious agents like smallpox. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chowell@lanl.gov; ariel@cam.cornell.edu; sdelvall@lanl.gov; fas9@cornell.edu; songb@mail.montclair.edu; hyman@lanl.gov; herbert-hethcote@uiowa.edu; chavez@math.asu.edu NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3775-3 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2006 VL 410 BP 51 EP 71 PG 21 WC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics, Applied SC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics GA BFM31 UT WOS:000243040400004 ER PT S AU Chowell, G Rivas, AL Hengartner, NW Hyman, JM Castillo-Chavez, C AF Chowell, G. Rivas, A. L. Hengartner, N. W. Hyman, J. M. Castillo-Chavez, C. BE Gumel, AB TI Critical response to post-outbreak vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease SO MATHEMATICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN DISEASE DYNAMICS: EMERGING PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Modeling the Dynamics of Human Diseases CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT SP AMS, IMS, SIAM DE Foot-and-mouth Disease; spatial epidemic model; vaccination; reproductive number; differential equations ID CONTROL STRATEGIES; GREAT-BRITAIN; EPIDEMIC; SPREAD; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; MODEL; UK; IDENTIFICATION; ERADICATION AB The effectiveness of vaccinations initiated after the onset of aninfectious epidemic (post-outbreak vaccinations or POV) was retrospectively explored by modeling: 1) the days required by the infective agent to reproduce (replication cycle or RC), 2) the time required by the susceptible population to become protected after POV 3) the number, time and location of cases, 4) the Euclidean distance between the spatial units of analysis, and 5) the spatial environment where the epidemic occurred. The spatial epidemic model is composed of differential equations and used geo-coded data (Euclidean distances between county centroids). The epidemic transmission was assumed to be influenced by the inter-county (Euclidean) distance. We used geo-temporal data on Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) dispersion, based on the 2001 FMD epidemic that occurred in Uruguay, to evaluate: 1) vaccine potency, and 2) the time when a POV begins. Two vaccine types ("regular" and "high-potency", assumed to induce protective antibody titers within 7.1 or 3 days, repectively) and 4 POV starting times (5, 8, 12 and 15 post-outbreak days). Findings support the hypothesis that the time available to achieve effective POV against FMD is brief. Reductions in epidemic size were marginal when POV began at or after the third RC. Because, in this scenario, the earliest time protective antibody levels could be achieved was either 8 days (high-potency vaccine) or 12 days post-outbreak (regular vaccine), the earliest time average susceptible farms may become protected is the end of the third (or fourth) RC, time at which a 3-digit epidemic size is likely to occur in FMD epidemics. Because this analysis assumed optimal conditions unlikely to be observed in all epidemics, the actual critical time to implement succesful POV may be shorter. This approach has the potential of being used to assess POV's cost-benefit ratios. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chowell@lanl.gov; alr@cornell.edu; nickh@lanl.gov; hyman@lanl.gov; chavez@math.asu.edu NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3775-3 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2006 VL 410 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics, Applied SC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics GA BFM31 UT WOS:000243040400005 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y AF Jiang, Yi BE Gumel, AB TI Understanding a killer: A predictive model for tumor development SO MATHEMATICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN DISEASE DYNAMICS: EMERGING PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Modeling the Dynamics of Human Diseases CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT SP AMS, IMS, SIAM ID MULTICELLULAR SPHEROIDS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DIFFERENTIAL ADHESION; GROWTH SATURATION; FLUID PRESSURE; OXYGEN; GLUCOSE; CELLS; ANGIOGENESIS; NECROSIS AB Cancer has become the leading cause of death for Americans. The development of prognostic tools could have immediate impact on the lives of millions of cancer patients. We have developed an integrated model that includes a cellular model for cell dynamics (cell growth, division, death, and cell adhesion), an intracellular protein regulatory network for cell cycle control, and extracellular reaction-diffusion chemical dynamics. This model has produced tumor growth dynamics that agree with tumor spheroid experiments. The model has the potential to be a comprehensive and predictive model for tumor development and chemotherapy based on quantitative experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3775-3 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2006 VL 410 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics, Applied SC Infectious Diseases; Mathematics GA BFM31 UT WOS:000243040400011 ER PT J AU Carlson, BC AF Carlson, B. C. TI Table of integrals of squared Jacobian elliptic functions and reductions of related hypergeometric R-functions SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Jacobian elliptic function; hypergeometric R-function; elliptic integral AB Any product of real powers of Jacobian elliptic functions can be written in the form cs(m)1 (u, k) dsm(m2) (u, k) ns(m3) (u, k). If all three m's are even integers, the indefinite integral of this product with respect to u is a constant times a multivariate hypergeometric function R-a(b(1), b(2), b(3); x, y, z) with half-odd-integral b's and - a + b(1) + b(2) + b(3) = 1, showing it to be an incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind unless all three m's are 0. Permutations of c, d, and n in the integrand produce the same permutations of the variables {x, y, z} = {cs(2), ds(2), ns(2)}, allowing as many as six integrals to take a unified form. Thirty R-functions of the type specified, incorporating 136 integrals, are reduced to a new choice of standard elliptic integrals obtained by permuting x, y, and z in R-D(x, y, z) = R-3/2(1/2, 1/2, 3/2; x, y, z), which is symmetric in its first two variables and has an efficient algorithm for numerical computation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Carlson, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bcarlson@scl.ameslab.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2006 VL 75 IS 255 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01838-2 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 065TF UT WOS:000239181800014 ER PT J AU Garrido, I Lee, B Fladmark, GE Espedal, MS AF Garrido, Izaskun Lee, Barry Fladmark, Gunnar E. Espedal, Magne S. TI Convergent iterative schemes for time parallelization SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE alternating Schwarz; time parallelization; reservoir simulator; multilevel full approximation storage ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; MULTIGRID METHOD; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB Parallel methods are usually not applied to the time domain because of the inherit sequentialness of time evolution. But for many evolutionary problems, computer simulation can benefit substantially from time parallelization methods. In this paper, we present several such algorithms that actually exploit the sequential nature of time evolution through a predictor-corrector procedure. This sequentialness ensures convergence of a parallel predictor-corrector scheme within a fixed number of iterations. The performance of these novel algorithms, which are derived from the classical alternating Schwarz method, are illustrated through several numerical examples using the reservoir simulator Athena. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Garrido, I (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Math, Johs Brunsgt 12, N-5008 Bergen, Norway. EM izaskun@mi.uib.no RI Garrido, Izaskun/K-5388-2014 OI Garrido, Izaskun/0000-0002-9801-4130 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2006 VL 75 IS 255 BP 1403 EP 1428 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01832-1 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 065TF UT WOS:000239181800019 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN Sorevik, T AF Lyness, J. N. Sorevik, Tor TI Five-dimensional K-optimal lattice rules SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE multidimensional cubature; optimal lattice rules; K-optimal rules; optimal trigonometric rules ID OPTIMAL INTEGRATION LATTICES; MATRICES AB A major search program is described that has been used to determine a set of five-dimensional K-optimal lattice rules of enhanced trigonometric degrees up to 12. The program involved a distributed search, in which approximately 190 CPU-years were shared between more than 1,400 computers in many parts of the world. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lyness@mcs.anl.gov; tor.sorevik@mi.uib.no NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2006 VL 75 IS 255 BP 1467 EP 1480 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01845-X PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 065TF UT WOS:000239181800022 ER PT S AU Harvey, NR Perkins, SJ AF Harvey, Neal R. Perkins, Simon J. BE Ritter, GX Schmatz, MS Barrera, J Astola, JT TI Optimizing clutter mitigation for automated feature extraction in multi-spectral images - art. no. 63150F SO Mathematics of Data Image Pattern Recognition, Compression, and Encryption with Applications IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression and Encryption with Application IX CY AUG 15-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mathematical morphology; multispectral; optimization; image processing; feature extraction; clutter mitigation ID GENIE AB Accurate and robust techniques for automated feature extraction (AFE) from remotely-sensed imagery are an important area of research, having many applications in the civilian and military/intelligence arenas. Much work has been undertaken in developing sophisticated tools for performing these tasks. However, while many of these tools have been shown to perform quite well (such as the GENIE(1) and Genie Pro(2) software developed at LANL), these tools are not perfect. The classification algorithms produced often have significant errors, such as false-alarms and missed detections. We describe some efforts at improving this situation in which we add a clutter mitigation layer to our existing AFE software (Genie Pro). This clutter mitigation layer takes as input the output from the previous feature extraction (classification) layer and, using the same training data (pixels providing examples of the classes of interest), uses similar machine-learning techniques to those used in the previous AFE layer to optimise an image-processing pipeline aimed at improving any errors existing in the AFE output. While the AFE layer optimises an image processing pipeline that can combine spectral, logical, textural, morphological and other spatial operators, etc., the clutter mitigation layer is limited to a pool of morphological operators. The resulting clutter mitigation algorithm will not only be optimized for the particular feature of interest but will also be co-optimized with the preceding feature extraction algorithm. We demonstrate these techniques on several feature extraction problems in various multi-spectral, remotely-sensed images. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6394-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6315 BP F3150 EP F3150 AR 63150F DI 10.1117/12.677544 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFG68 UT WOS:000241769000013 ER PT S AU Myers, DS AF Myers, Daniel S. BE Ritter, GX Schmatz, MS Barrera, J Astola, JT TI The synaptic morphological perceptron SO MATHEMATICS OF DATA IMAGE PATTERN RECOGNITION, COMPRESSION, AND ENCRYPTION WITH APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Pattern Recognition, Compression and Encryption with Application IX CY AUG 15-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE morphological neural network; morphological perceptron; lattice algebra; pattern recognition AB In recent years, several researchers have constructed novel neural network models based on lattice algebra. Because of computational similarities to operations in the system of image morphology, these models are often called morphological neural networks. One neural model that has been successfully applied to many pattern recognition problems is the single-layer morphological perceptron with dendritic structure (SLMP). In this model, the fundamental computations are performed at dendrites connected to the body of a single neuron. Current training algorithms for the SLMP work by enclosing the target patterns in a set of hyperboxes orthogonal to the axes of the data space. This work introduces an alternate model of the SLMP, dubbed the synaptic morphological perceptron (SMP). In this model, each dendrite has one or more synapses that receive connections from inputs. The SMP can learn any region of space deter-mined by an arbitrary configuration of hyperplanes, and is not restricted to forming hyperboxes during training. Thus, it represents a more general form of the morphological perceptron than previous architectures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6394-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6315 AR 63150B DI 10.1117/12.681431 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFG68 UT WOS:000241769000010 ER PT B AU Weiss, JA Veress, AI Gullberg, GT Phatak, NS Sun, Q Parker, D Rabbitt, RD AF Weiss, J. A. Veress, A. I. Gullberg, G. T. Phatak, N. S. Sun, Q. Parker, D. Rabbitt, R. D. BE Holzapfel, GA Ogden, RW TI Strain measurement using deformable image registration SO MECHANICS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Biological Tissue CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IUTAM ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATION; PASSIVE MYOCARDIUM; BRAIN IMAGES; ELEMENT; EQUATIONS; MODELS; ATLAS; MRI AB The accurate determination of strain in deforming biological tissues is a necessary and important part of experimental investigations in biomechanics. We have developed a method, referred to as Hyperelastic Warping, to combine medical image data with a solid mechanics analysis approach to allow estimation of tissue strains in the absence of detailed information about boundary conditions and in some cases constitutive information. The method makes use of medical image data to provide information about the deforming tissue and thus the strain and stress fields. The mathematical problem is to search through all admissible configurations for the one that minimizes the difference between a transformed template image and a target image collected experimentally. The resulting deformation map is used to determine the strain field. This technique has been applied successfully to determine strain in several biological soft tissues. This paper describes the theory, implementation and validation of the technique for measurement of transmural strains in the left ventricle. C1 [Weiss, J. A.; Veress, A. I.; Phatak, N. S.; Sun, Q.; Rabbitt, R. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Weiss, J. A.; Phatak, N. S.; Sun, Q.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gullberg, G. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA USA. [Parker, D.] Ctr Adv Med Technol, Utah Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Weiss, JA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jeff.weiss@utah.edu FU NSF [BES-0134503, R01-EB00121]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Financial support from NSF grant #BES-0134503, NIH grant #R01-EB00121, and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract #DE-AC03-76SF00098 is gratefully acknowledged. An allocation of computer time was provided by the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-25194-4 PY 2006 BP 489 EP + DI 10.1007/3-540-31184-X_35 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BEH97 UT WOS:000237286900035 ER PT S AU Battaglia, M Vasco, DW AF Battaglia, M. Vasco, D. W. BE Troise, C DeNatale, G Kilburn, CRJ TI The search for magma reservoirs in Long Valley Caldera: single versus distributed sources SO MECHANISMS OF ACTIVITY AND UNREST AT LARGE CALDERAS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; MONO CRATERS; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; UNREST; GPS; MECHANICS; INFLATION; MOUNTAIN; ERUPTION AB Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo Craters chain form a large volcanic complex in eastern California that has experienced persistent earthquake activity and ground uplift over the past 25 years. The central part of Long Valley Caldera (an area of more than 100 square km) has been slowly rising since 1980 at an average rate of 3 cm a(1). Inversion of micro-gravimetry and deformation data using a single vertical prolate ellipsoid source has helped to define the existence of a relatively shallow (5-8 km) silicic magma intrusion of 0.11-0.19 km(3) beneath the caldera's resurgent dome. We use the information from the single-source inversion to constrain a more general three-dimensional distribution of volume changes in the subsurface. The distributed inversion identifies two main inflation areas beneath the resurgent dome: one following the regional trend of north-south faults, and another in the dome's southern section, parallel to a strike-slip fault that is responsible for most of the seismic activity in the caldera's south moat. C1 [Battaglia, M.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Struct Geol & Geodynam, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Vasco, D. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Struct Geol & Geodynam, Goldschmidtstr 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM mbattag@gwdg.de OI Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-211-3 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2006 VL 269 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.269.01.11 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA BKV62 UT WOS:000269410000011 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Chaum, E Govindasamy, VP Kamowski, TP Sezer, O AF Tobin, Kenneth W. Chaum, Edward Govindasamy, V. Priya Kamowski, Thomas P. Sezer, Omer BE Reinhardt, JM Pluim, JPW TI Characterization of the optic disc in retinal imagery using a probabilistic approach - art. no. 61443F SO Medical Imaging 2006: Image Processing, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2006 Conference CY FEB 12-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE diabetic retinopathy; red-free fundus imagery; vascular segmentation; optic nerve detection; Bayesian classifier; feature analysis ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; SEGMENTATION; PHOTOGRAPHY; MODEL AB The application of computer based image analysis to the diagnosis of retinal disease is rapidly becoming a reality due to the broad-based acceptance of electronic imaging devices throughout the medical community and through the collection and accumulation of large patient histories in picture archiving and communications systems. Advances in the imaging of ocular anatomy and pathology can now provide data to diagnose and quantify specific diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Visual disability and blindness have a profound socioeconomic impact upon the diabetic population and DR is the leading cause of new blindness in working-age adults in the industrialized world. To reduce the impact of diabetes on vision loss, robust automation is required to achieve productive computer-based screening of large at-risk populations at lower cost. Through this research we are developing automation methods for locating and characterizing important structures in the human retina such as the vascular arcades, optic nerve, macula, and lesions. In this paper we present results for the automatic detection of the optic nerve using digital red-free fundus photography. Our method relies on the accurate segmentation of the vasculature of the retina along with spatial probability distributions describing the luminance across the retina and the density, average thickness, and average orientation of the vasculature in relation to the position of the optic nerve. With these features and other prior knowledge, we predict the location of the optic nerve in the retina using a two-class, Bayesian classifier. We report 81% detection performance on a broad range of red-free fundus images representing a population of over 345 patients with 19 different pathologies associated with DR. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6423-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6144 BP F1443 EP F1443 AR 61443F DI 10.1117/12.641670 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BEL75 UT WOS:000238033301041 ER PT S AU Chen, G Johnson, J Schweizer, S Woodford, J Newman, P MacFarlane, D AF Chen, Gang Johnson, Jacqueline Schweizer, Stefan Woodford, John Newman, Peter MacFarlane, Douglas BE Flynn, MJ Hsieh, J TI Transparent BaCl2 : Eu2+ glass-ceramic scintillator - art. no. 61422X SO Medical Imaging 2006: Physics of Medical Imaging, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2006 Conference CY FEB 12-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillator; x-ray imaging; computed tomography; digital radiography; glass ceramic; ZBLAN ID INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; DETECTOR AB Scintillators are the backbone of high-energy radiation detection devices. Most scintillators are based on inorganic crystals that have applications in medical radiography, nuclear medicine, security inspection, dosimetry, and high-energy physics. In this paper, we present a new type of scintillator that is based on glass ceramics (composites of glasses and crystals). These scintillators are made from Eu2+-activated fluorozirconate glasses that are co-doped with Ba2+, La3+, Al3+, Na+, and Cl-. Subsequent heat treatment of the glasses forms BaCl2 nano-crystals (10-20 nm in size) that are embedded in the glass matrix. The resulting scintillators are transparent, efficient, inexpensive to fabricate, and easy to scale up. The physical structure and x-ray imaging performance of these glass-ceramic scintillators are presented, and an application of these materials to micro-computed tomography is demonstrated. Our study suggests that these glass-ceramic scintillators have high potential for medical x-ray imaging. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI MacFarlane, Douglas/A-9642-2008; Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI MacFarlane, Douglas/0000-0001-5963-9659; Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6185-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6142 BP X1422 EP X1422 AR 61422X DI 10.1117/12.654265 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BEL88 UT WOS:000238049700102 ER PT S AU Schweizer, S Henke, B Konke, S Johnson, JA Chen, G Woodford, J AF Schweizer, Stefan Henke, Bastian Koenke, Stephanie Johnson, Jacqueline A. Chen, Gang Woodford, John BE Flynn, MJ Hsieh, J TI Energy-dependent scintillation intensity of fluorozirconate-based glass-ceramic x-ray detectors - art. no. 61422Y SO Medical Imaging 2006: Physics of Medical Imaging, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2006 Conference CY FEB 12-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray detector; fluorozirconate glass ceramic; energy-dependent scintillation intensity ID BARIUM BROMIDE; PHASE AB We investigated the energy-dependent scintillation intensity of Eu-doped fluorozirconate glass-ceramic x-ray detectors in the energy range from 6 to 20 keV. The experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The glass ceramics are based on Eu-doped fluorozirconate glasses, which were additionally doped with chlorine to initiate the nucleation of BaCl2 nanocrystals therein. The x-ray excited scintillation is mainly due to the 5d-4f transition of Eu2+ embedded in the BaCl2 nanocrystals; Eu2+ in the glass does not luminesce. Upon appropriate annealing the nanocrystals grow and undergo a phase transition from a hexagonal to an orthorhombic phase of BaCl2. The scintillation intensity is investigated as a function of the x-ray energy as well as of the particle size and structure of the embedded nanoparticles. The scintillation intensity versus x-ray energy dependence shows that the intensity is inversely proportional to the photoelectric absorption of the material, i.e. the more photoelectric absorption the less scintillation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schweizer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6185-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6142 BP Y1422 EP Y1422 AR 61422Y DI 10.1117/12.653769 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BEL88 UT WOS:000238049700103 ER PT S AU Huang, LJ Duric, N Littrup, P AF Huang, Lianjie Duric, Nebojsa Littrup, Peter BE Emelianov, SY Walker, WF TI Breast imaging with time-reversed ultrasound - art. no. 61470I SO Medical Imaging 2006: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2006 Conference CY FEB 12-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE backpropagation; breast imaging; time-reversed mirror; time-reversed ultrasound; tomography; wave equation ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; ACOUSTICS; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION; GEOMETRY; ARRAYS; SYSTEM AB Ultrasonic imaging has the potential to enhance our capability to detect and diagnose breast cancers, but its imaging quality and resolution need to be significantly improved. We make use of the principle of the time-reversal mirror to develop an image-reconstruction method for ultrasonic breast imaging. It reconstructs images of scatterers (e.g., tumors) that generate/scatter ultrasonic waves by backpropagating measured ultrasonic signals into a heterogeneous breast model on computers using the principle of time-reversal mirror. We use solutions of the (two-way) full wave equation and one-way wave equation in heterogeneous media for backpropagation. We found that the one-way wave-equation-based imaging method can produce higher-resolution images than the two-way propagation-based imaging method when the data acquisition aperture is limited (for a linear transducer array). With a full aperture, our imaging results demonstrate that imaging with time-reversed ultrasound can produce high-quality images of the breast. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6190-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6147 BP I1470 EP I1470 AR 61470I DI 10.1117/12.659845 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BEL83 UT WOS:000238041300018 ER PT S AU Paquit, V Price, JR Seulin, R Meriaudeau, F Farahi, RH Tobin, KW Ferrell, TL AF Paquit, Vincent Price, Jeffery R. Seulin, Ralph Meriaudeau, Fabrice Farahi, Rubye H. Tobin, Kenneth W. Ferrell, Thomas L. BE Cleary, KR Galloway, RL TI Near-infrared imaging and structured light ranging for automatic catheter insertion - art. no. 61411T SO Medical Imaging 2006: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Display SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2006 Conference CY FEB 12-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging; vein; near-infrared; range analysis; structured light; venous imaging ID TRACKING AB Vein localization and catheter insertion constitute the first and perhaps most important phase of many medical procedures. Currently, catheterization is performed manually by trained personnel. This process can prove problematic, however, depending upon various physiological factors of the patient. We present in this paper initial work for localizing surface veins via near-infrared (NIR) imaging and structured light ranging. The eventual goal of the system is to serve as the guidance for a fully automatic (i.e., robotic) catheterization device. Our proposed system is based upon near-infrared (NIR) imaging, which has previously been shown effective in enhancing the visibility of surface veins. We locate the vein regions in the 2D NIR images using standard image processing techniques. We employ a NIR line-generating LED module to implement structured light ranging and construct a 3D topographic map of the arm surface. The located veins are mapped to the arm surface to provide a camera-registered representation of the arm and veins. We describe the techniques in detail and provide example imagery and 3D surface renderings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paquit, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6184-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6141 BP T1411 EP T1411 AR 61411T DI 10.1117/12.655326 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BEL13 UT WOS:000237688300059 ER PT S AU Solis, SE Tomasi, D Wang, RL Rodriguez, AO AF Solis, S. E. Tomasi, D. Wang, R. L. Rodriguez, A. O. BE MercadoUribe, H GarciaTorales, G FloresNunez, JL CastilloCorona, E TI 6-slot surface coil for magnetic resonance imaging at 4 Tesla SO MEDICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics CY MAR 18-21, 2006 CL Guadalajara, MEXICO SP Univ Guadalajara, Inst Jalisciense Cancerol, CLAF Brazil, CONACYT, COECYTJAL, DGM SMF, CIO, CINVESTAV, Guadalajara Municipal, Jalisco Tourism Secretary, GBC, ARSA, SIEMENS Med, EYMSA, AVNTK, Proveedor Especializado Taylor, Grupo Modelo, Grupo Ind Tequilero & Bonafont DE surface coil; magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy; high field scanner AB A new surface coil design inspired on the slot-and-hole magnetron tube is proposed for magnetic resonance imaging at 4 Tesla. This slotted surface coil has 6 slots, was developed to operate at 170.2 MHz, and was tested as a receive-only radio frequency coil using the echo-planar imaging, and hyper-echo pulse sequences. The acquired images with this probe have high signal-to-noise ratio. More important, the volume of uniform RF sensitivity of the slotted surface coil was larger than that of the standard surface coils, suggesting that the slotted surface coil may be a good candidate for different MRI and MRS applications. C1 [Solis, S. E.; Rodriguez, A. O.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CI3M, Av San Rafael Atlixco 186, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. [Solis, S. E.; Tomasi, D.; Wang, R. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solis, SE (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CI3M, Av San Rafael Atlixco 186, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. EM aorg@xanum.uam.mx RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT); Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) FX S. S. thanks the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) for a Ph. D. scholarship, and Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U.S. Department of Energy (OBER). Support from Inovamedica is gratefully acknowledged. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0352-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 854 BP 75 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFC80 UT WOS:000241017300019 ER PT S AU Sepulveda, N Aslam, DM Sullivan, JP AF Sepulveda, N Aslam, DM Sullivan, JP GP IEEE TI Polycrystalline diamond RF MEMS resonators with the highest quality factors SO MEMS 2006: 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID TECHNOLOGY AB This paper reports the highest quality factor (Q) of 116,000 for cantilever beams made from any polycrystalline material, which is also the highest Q for any resonator structure made of polycrystalline diamond (poly-C). These results also include the highest Q of 47,900 for a highly-doped (0.15 Ohm-cm) poly-C resonator structure. A study of the energy dissipation mechanisms was performed in order to understand what limits the Q in poly-C resonators. The results obtained in this work show a decrease in Q with increasing doping level and grain boundaries. The poly-C cantilevers were tested at different temperatures in order to identify a possible thermally activated relaxation process responsible for limiting the Q. The activation energy found for this defect relaxation process is about 1.9 eV. The structures were tested using piezoelectric actuation and light scattering-interferometer detection techniques described elsewhere [1]. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Sepulveda, Nelson/E-6536-2011 OI Sepulveda, Nelson/0000-0002-9676-8529 FU DARPA [W31P4Q-11-1-0003]; NSF [DMR-0955638] FX This work was supported by DARPA under grant No.W31P4Q-11-1-0003 and NSF grant DMR-0955638. The authors thank Gerry Chandler and Nga Vu at SP3 Diamond Technologies Inc., for diamond film depositions, and David Cahill at Univ. of Illinois for TDTR measurements. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-9475-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2006 BP 238 EP 241 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEE74 UT WOS:000236994500060 ER PT S AU Richardson, MT Gianchandani, YB Skala, DS AF Richardson, MT Gianchandani, YB Skala, DS GP IEEE TI A parametric study of dimensional tolerance and hydrodynamic debris removal in micro-electro-discharge machining SO MEMS 2006: 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB This paper reports a detailed evaluation of batch mode micro-electro-discharge machining (mu EDM) of 316L stainless steel. Lithographically fabricated copper tools with parallel line features of 5-50 mu m width and 5-75 mu m spacing were used to quantify trends in machining tolerance and the impact of debris accumulation. As tool feature density increased, debris accumulation effects began to dominate, eventually destroying both tool and workpiece. A two-step hydrodynamic debris removal technique yielded significant improvements in surface and edge finish, machining time, and tool wear over past work using standard vertical dither flushing. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microproc Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM nntrichar@umich.edu FU Materials Sciences Division, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Materials Sciences Division, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Sandia is operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the Dept. of Energys National Nuclear Security Admin. under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-9475-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2006 BP 314 EP 317 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEE74 UT WOS:000236994500079 ER PT S AU Cui, WL Bicen, B Hall, N Jones, SA Degertekin, FL Miles, RN AF Cui, WL Bicen, B Hall, N Jones, SA Degertekin, FL Miles, RN GP IEEE TI Optical sensing in a directional MEMS microphone inspired by the ears of the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea SO MEMS 2006: 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The fabrication and characterization of a biomimetic MEMS directional microphone with integrated optical readout is presented. The use of diffraction-based optical interferometric detection with this novel microphone diaphragm avoids key limitations imposed by capacitive sensing, which is commonly used in miniature microphones. In this study, a biologically-inspired microphone with inter-digitated fingers is fabricated on a silicon substrate using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques. The 1mm x 2mm microphone diaphragm is made of polysilicon and has stiffeners and carefully designed hinge supports to ensure that it responds like a rigid body on flexible hinges. The diaphragm is designed to respond to pressure gradients, giving it a first-order directional response to incident sound. This mechanical structure is integrated with a compact optoelectronic readout system. The directivity measurements show the expected figure-8 directivity pattern with a 21dB difference between the maximum and minimum at the first diaphragm resonance frequency of 2 kHz. This concept has the potential of allowing the fabrication of low noise, directional miniature microphones with high sensitivity for hearing aid applications. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. FU NIH [1R01DC005762-02A1]; RNM FX This work is supported by NIH grant 1R01DC005762-02A1, Bioengineering Research Partnership to RNM. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-9475-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2006 BP 614 EP 617 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEE74 UT WOS:000236994500154 ER PT S AU Provine, J Skinner, J Horsley, DA AF Provine, J Skinner, J Horsley, DA GP IEEE TI Subwavelength metal grating tunable filter SO MEMS 2006: 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB This paper reports on the integration of subwave-length metal gratings with surface micro-machined, electrostatic MEMS actuators to produce a tunable electromagnetic filter. Metal films perforated with periodically-spaced subwavelength diameter holes have been shown to transmit light with greater efficiency than predicted by classical models for evanescent propagation. Additionally, the field propagation shows strong dependance on the index of refraction on either surface of the metal. This characteristic performance leads to electric field enhancement at the apertures in the metal, an effect that holds promise for nanoscale optical sensors. We describe our work on the integration of MEMS electrostatic actuators with patterned metal films that were interrogated using infrared (IR) radiation. We report a transmission modulation factor of 7 with an actuation voltage of 46V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, 497 Cory Hall 1774, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ California, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, 497 Cory Hall 1774, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jprovine@eecs.berkeley.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories under U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0494AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Shane Sickafoose at Sandia National Laboratories for help with device characterization through FTIR spectroscopy. Work performed by Sandia National Laboratories is under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DEAC0494AL85000. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-9475-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2006 BP 854 EP 857 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEE74 UT WOS:000236994500214 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Morzinski, K Severson, S Poyneer, L Macintosh, B Dillon, D Reza, L Gavel, D Palmer, D Olivier, S Bierden, P AF Evans, Julia W. Morzinski, Katie Severson, Scott Poyneer, Lisa Macintosh, Bruce Dillon, Daren Reza, Layra Gavel, Donald Palmer, David Olivier, Scot Bierden, Paul BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI Extreme adaptive optics testbed: Performance and characterization of a 1024-MEMS deformable mirror - art. no. 61130I SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE adaptive optics; MEMS; extreme adaptive optics AB We have demonstrated that a microelectrical mechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror can be flattened to < 1nm RMS within controllable spatial frequencies over a 9.2-mm aperture making it a viable option for high-contrast adaptive optics systems (also known as Extreme Adaptive Optics). The Extreme Adaptive Optics Testbed at UC Santa Cruz is being used to investigate and develop technologies for high-contrast imaging, especially wavefront control. A phase shifting diffraction interferometer (PSDI) measures wavefront errors with sub-nm precision and accuracy for metrology and wavefront control. Consistent flattening, required testing and characterization of the individual actuator response, including the effects of dead and low-response actuators. Stability and repeatability of the MEMS devices was also tested. An error budget for MEMS closed loop performance will summarize MEMS characterization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP I1130 EP I1130 AR 61130I DI 10.1117/12.648977 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400016 ER PT S AU Papavasiliou, A Olivier, S Barbee, T Walton, C Cohn, M AF Papavasiliou, Alexandros Olivier, Scot Barbee, Troy Walton, Chris Cohn, Michael BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI MEMS actuated deformable mirror - art. no. 61130P SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE MEMS; deformable mirrors; nanolaminates AB This ongoing work concerns the creation of a deformable mirror by the integration of MEMS actuators with Nanolaminate foils through metal compression boning. These mirrors will use the advantages of these disparate technologies to achieve dense actuation of a high-quality, continuous mirror surface. They will enable advanced adaptive optics systems in large terrestrial telescopes. While MEMS actuators provide very dense actuation with high precision they can not provide large forces typically necessary to deform conventional mirror surfaces. Nanolaminate foils can be fabricated with very high surface quality while their extraordinary mechanical properties enable very thin, flexible foils to survive the rigors of fabrication. Precise metal compression bonding allows the attachment of the fragile MEMS actuators to the thin nanolaminate foils without creating distortions at the bond sites. This paper will describe work in four major areas: 1) modeling and design, 2) bonding development, 3) nanolaminate foil development, 4) producing a prototype. A first-principles analytical model was created and used to determine the design parameters. A method of bonding was determined that is both strong, and minimizes the localized deformation or print through. Work has also been done to produce nanolaminate foils that are sufficiently thin, flexible and flat to be deformed by the MEMS actuators. Finally a prototype was produced by bonding thin, flexible nanolaminate foils to commercially available MEMS actuators. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Papavasiliou, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP P1130 EP P1130 AR 61130P DI 10.1117/12.657667 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400022 ER PT S AU Papavasiliou, A Olivier, S Barbee, T Miles, R Chang, K AF Papavasiliou, Alexandros Olivier, Scot Barbee, Troy Miles, Robin Chang, Kevin BE Olivier, SS Tadigadapa, SA Henning, AK TI Large scale nanolaminate deformable mirror - art. no. 61130Q SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications III CY JAN 23-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE deformable mirrors; nanolaminates; adaptive optics AB This work concerns the development of a technology that uses Nanolaminate foils to form light-weight, deformable mirrors that are scalable over a wide range of mirror sizes. While MEMS-based deformable mirrors and spatial light modulators have considerably reduced the cost and increased the capabilities of adaptive optic systems, there has not been a way to utilize the advantages of lithography and batch-fabrication to produce large-scale deformable mirrors. This technology is made scalable by using fabrication techniques and lithography that are not limited to the sizes of conventional MEMS devices. Like many MEMS devices, these mirrors use parallel plate electrostatic actuators. This technology replicates that functionality by suspending a horizontal piece of nanolaminate foil over an electrode by electroplated nickel posts. This actuator is attached, with another post, to another nanolaminate foil that acts as the mirror surface. Most MEMS devices are produced with integrated circuit lithography techniques that are capable of very small line widths, but are not scalable to large sizes. This technology is very tolerant of lithography errors and can use coarser, printed circuit board lithography techniques that can be scaled to very large sizes. These mirrors use small, lithographically defined actuators and thin nanolaminate foils allowing them to produce deformations over a large area while minimizing weight. This paper will describe a staged program to develop this technology. First-principles models were developed to determine design parameters. Three stages of fabrication will be described starting with a 3x3 device using conventional metal foils and epoxy to a 10-across all-metal device with nanolaminate mirror surfaces. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Papavasiliou, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6155-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6113 BP Q1130 EP Q1130 AR 61130Q DI 10.1117/12.657666 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF95 UT WOS:000237171400023 ER PT J AU Lichtenfeld, JA Mataya, MC Van Tyne, CJ AF Lichtenfeld, JA Mataya, MC Van Tyne, CJ TI Effect of strain rate on stress-strain behavior of alloy 309 and 304L austenitic stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION; RATE SENSITIVITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; STATE AB The effect of strain rate on stress-strain behavior of austenitic stainless steel 309 and 304L was investigated. Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature at strain rates ranging from 1.25 X 10(-4) s(-1) to 400 S. The evolution of volume fraction martensite that formed during plastic deformation was measured with X-ray diffraction and characterized with light microscopy. Alloy 304L was found to transform readily with strain, with martensite nucleating on slip bands and at slip band intersections. Alloy 309 did not exhibit strain-induced transformation. Variations in ductility and strength with strain rate are explained in terms of the competition between hardening, from the martensitic transformation and a positive strain rate sensitivity, and softening due to deformational heating. Existing models used to predict the increase in volume fraction martensite with strain were examined and modified to fit the experimental data of this study as well as recent data for alloys 304 and 301LN obtained from the literature. C1 Firth Rixon Schlosser Forge Co, Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichtenfeld, JA (reprint author), Firth Rixon Schlosser Forge Co, Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. EM mataya@lanl.gov RI Van Tyne, Chester/H-7159-2013 OI Van Tyne, Chester/0000-0002-7790-7685 NR 37 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37A IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0160-5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 001GY UT WOS:000234522800015 ER EF