FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tracy, LA Eisenstein, JP Lilly, MP Pfeiffer, LN West, KW AF Tracy, LA Eisenstein, JP Lilly, MP Pfeiffer, LN West, KW TI Surface acoustic wave propagation and inhomogeneities in low-density two-dimensional electron systems near the metal-insulator transition SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional election systems; metal-insulator transition; surface acoustic waves ID 2 DIMENSIONS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; REGIME; GAS AB We have measured the surface acoustic wave velocity shift in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure containing a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in a low-density regime (< 10(10) cm(-2)) at zero magnetic field. The interaction of the surface acoustic wave with the 2DES is not well described by a simple model using low-frequency conductivity measurements. We speculate that this conflict is a result of inhomogeneities in the 2DES, which become very important at low density. This has implications for the putative metal-insulator transition in two dimensions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Eisenstein, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jpe@caltech.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 137 IS 3 BP 150 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2005.10.028 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 002RD UT WOS:000234628100011 ER PT J AU Jinschek, JR Erni, R Gardner, NF Kim, AY Kisielowski, C AF Jinschek, JR Erni, R Gardner, NF Kim, AY Kisielowski, C TI Local indium segregation and bang gap variations in high efficiency green light emitting InGaN/GaN diodes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE light emitting diode; InGaN quantum well; transmission electron microscopy; valence electron energy loss spectroscopy ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITIONS; FIELD; BLUE; INN; DISLOCATION; GA1-XINXN; NITRIDE AB High efficient green light emitting diodes (LED) on the basis of GaN/InGaN exhibit indium-rich nanoclusters inside the quantum wells (QW) due to InN-GaN phase decomposition. By direct measurements of the variations in the electronic structure, we show for the first time a correlation between indium-rich nanoclusters and local energy band gap minima. Our investigations reveal the presence of 1-3 nm wide indium rich clusters in these devices with indium concentrations x as large as x similar to 0.30-0.40 that narrow the band gap locally to energies as small as 2.65 CV. These clusters are able to act as local traps for migrating photon-emitting carriers and seem to boost the overall device performance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lumileds Lighting, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 72R0150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrjinschek@vt.edu; cfkisielowski@lbl.gov RI Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014 OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 137 IS 4 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2005.10.030 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008NB UT WOS:000235046400013 ER PT S AU Korovyanko, OJ Rey-De-Castro, R Elles, CG Crowell, RA AF Korovyanko, Oleg J. Rey-de-Castro, Roberto Elles, Christopher G. Crowell, Robert A. BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK TI Optimization of a femtosecond Ti : Sapphire amplifier using an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter and a genetic algorithm SO SOLID STATE LASERS XV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XV CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE laser wakefield electron acceleration; adaptive control of ferntosecond pulses; genetic algorithm; SPIDER ID PULSE-COMPRESSION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; LASER; SPIDER AB The temporal output of a Ti:Sapphire laser system has been optimized using an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter and a genetic algorithm. In-situ recording the evolution of spectral phase, amplitude and temporal pulse profile for each iteration of the algorithm using SPIDER shows that we are able to lock the spectral phase of the laser pulse within a narrow margin. By using the second harmonic of the CPA laser as feedback for the genetic algorithm, it has been demonstrated that severe mismatch between the compressor and stretcher can be compensated for in a short period of time. C1 [Korovyanko, Oleg J.; Rey-de-Castro, Roberto; Elles, Christopher G.; Crowell, Robert A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Korovyanko, OJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract number W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6142-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6100 AR 61000Q DI 10.1117/12.674363 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF92 UT WOS:000237165400022 ER PT J AU Luo, H Dai, S Bonnesen, PV Haverlock, TJ Moyer, BA Buchanan, AC AF Luo, H Dai, S Bonnesen, PV Haverlock, TJ Moyer, BA Buchanan, AC TI A striking effect of ionic-liquid anions in the extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; anion effect; solvents extraction; crown ethers ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EXCHANGE AB The nature of the ionic-liquid (IL) anion has been found to have a remarkable effect on the solvent extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 dissolved in ionic liquids. In particular, the extraction efficiency increases with the hydrophobicity of the IL anion as reflected by the solubility in water of ILs having a common cation. Since a cation-exchange mechanism is operating in these systems, the influence of the IL anion is in large part attributable to an expected Le Chatelier effect in which a greater aqueous concentration of IL cation, obtained when using an IL anion of lower hydrophobicity, opposes cation exchange. This dependence is opposite to that found for IL cations, indicating a significant advantage of using ILs with hydrophobic anions for cation extraction. Furthermore, the extraction selectivity for Sr2+ over Na+, K+, and Cs+ can be significantly improved through the use of hydrophobic anions for the ILs containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 28 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1080/07366290500388624 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005JI UT WOS:000234818000002 ER PT J AU Toh, SLI McFarlane, J Tsouris, C DePaoli, DW Luo, H Dai, S AF Toh, SLI McFarlane, J Tsouris, C DePaoli, DW Luo, H Dai, S TI Room-temperature ionic liquids in liquid-liquid extraction: Effects of solubility in aqueous solutions on surface properties SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; hydrophilic compounds; liquid-liquid extraction ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL-IONS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; LIQUID/LIQUID EXTRACTION; STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS; BIPHASIC SYSTEMS; WATER; CATALYSIS; LIPASE; SALT AB The potential of room-temperature ionic liquids for use in chemical separations was assessed, particularly for liquid-liquid extraction. The solubility, surface tension, and electrical conductivity of a range of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in aqueous solution were measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure as functions of ionic-liquid, sodium chloride, and potassium-chloride concentrations. Hydrophobic ionic liquids were studied, including 1-C-n-3-methylimidazolium cations, C(n)mim(+) , with alkyl substitutions of varying chain length, where C-n = C-2 (ethyl), C-4 (butyl), C-6 (hexyl), and C-8 (octyl), in combination with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, NTf2- , and bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, BETI- , anions. Hydrophilic compounds were also studied, with bromide anions and C-n mim(+) and 1-C-n-2, 3-methylimidazolium, C-n bmim(+) , cations, where C-n = C-12 , C-14 and C-16 are solids at room temperature, and C-n = C-8 , C-9 , and C-10 are liquids. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP McFarlane, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcfarlanej@ornl.gov RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; McFarlane, Joanna/C-5998-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; McFarlane, Joanna/0000-0002-4112-5104 NR 64 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 16 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 33 EP 56 DI 10.1080/07366290500388400 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005JI UT WOS:000234818000003 ER PT J AU Fiskum, SK Blanchard, DL Steele, MJ Wagner, JJ AF Fiskum, SK Blanchard, DL Steele, MJ Wagner, JJ TI Analysis of spent SuperLig (R) 644 resin used for cesium removal from Hanford tank wastes SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE SuperLig (R) 644 resin; Cs and Sr fission products; cesium removal; Hanford site; small column testing; Hanford tank ID ION-EXCHANGE AB The U.S. Department of Energy is tasked with the disposition of alkaline, high-level radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at the Hanford Site. The radioactivity of the liquid waste fraction is dominated by the Cs-137 and Sr-90 fission products. The waste is to be vitrified following specific pretreatment processing, separating it into a relatively small-volume high-activity waste fraction (cesium-rich), and a large-volume low-activity waste fraction (cesium-depleted) at the River Protection Project-Waste Treatment Plant. The baseline pretreatment flowsheet includes cesium removal using ion exchange technology with SuperLig(R) 644. After several process cycles, SuperLig(R) 644 is intended to be disposed of at a radiological waste burial site. Although SuperLig(R) 644 has been extensively studied with respect to cesium load and elution properties, relatively little is known about the relevant waste characteristics of the spent resin. Small-column testing was recently conducted through eight process cycles of simulated and actual Hanford tank wastes. The post-processing SuperLig(R) 644 resin provided a unique material to evaluate residual metal and radionuclide components remaining on the resin. Most metal constituents and radionuclides pertinent to land disposal requirements designation were measured on dissolved resin sub-samples. The spent resin was found to contain significant quantities of Resource Conservation Recovery Act-listed metals: silver and chromium. In addition, one of the two resin beds exceeded the transuranic waste limit (100 nCi/g total alpha activity) for land disposal. The spent resin Cs isotopic distribution was weighted heavily with the Cs of the first waste processed. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fiskum, SK (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battlefield Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sandy.fiskum@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1080/07366290500388426 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005JI UT WOS:000234818000005 ER PT J AU Plaue, J Gelis, A Czerwinski, K AF Plaue, J Gelis, A Czerwinski, K TI Plutonium third phase formation in the 30% TBP/nitric acid/hydrogenated polypropylene tetramer system SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE plutonium third phase formation; HPT; phase splitting; spectroscopic investigation ID 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; NORMAL-BUTYL PHOSPHATE; EXTRACTION; TBP AB A study on plutonium third phase formation in 30% TBP/nitric acid/hydrogenated polypropylene tetramer (HPT) was performed. Characterization studies of HPT indicate its composition to be a mixture of many highly branched alkanes with a volatility close to n-undecane. This composition results in about a factor of two better resistance to Pu(IV) third phase formation than dodecane. At 7 M nitric acid in the aqueous phase, the presence of Pu(VI) was observed to substantially reduce the organic phase metal concentration necessary to induce phase splitting in both diluents. Spectroscopic investigation of mixed valence systems also suggest a prominent role for Pu(VI) in the formation of the dense organic phase. Accumulation of Pu(VI) in the heavy phase, as well as certain spectral features, suggest that Pu(VI) is forming a different species, possibly a plutonyl trinitrato, with a strong tendency to form third phase. C1 Def Nucl Facil Safety Board, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Plaue, J (reprint author), Def Nucl Facil Safety Board, 625 Indiana Ave, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM jplaue@alum.mit.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1080/07366290600646814 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 044OD UT WOS:000237681100001 ER PT J AU Plaue, J Gelis, A Czerwinski, K Thiyagarajan, P Chiarizia, R AF Plaue, J Gelis, A Czerwinski, K Thiyagarajan, P Chiarizia, R TI Small-angle neutron scattering study of plutonium third phase formation in 30% TBP/HNO3/alkane diluent systems SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE plutonium third phase formation; HPT; SANS; Baxter model ID NORMAL-BUTYL PHOSPHATE; 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; 3RD-PHASE FORMATION; SURFACE-ADHESION; HARD-SPHERES; EXTRACTION; TBP; SANS; AGGREGATION; MODEL AB Third phase formation in the extraction of Pu(IV) nitrate by 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) dissolved in n -dodecane or in the highly branched diluent hydrogenated polypropylene tetramer (HPT), which may also be known as 4,4 dipropyl heptane or tetrapropylene hydrogene, was investigated through small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The SANS data were interpreted using the Baxter model for hard-spheres with surface adhesion. According to this model, the increase in scattering intensity observed when increasing amounts of Pu(NO3)(4) are extracted into the organic phase, is due to interactions between small reverse micelles containing three to five TBP molecules. In n -dodecane, the micelles interact through attractive forces between their polar cores with a potential energy of up to -2.6 k(B)T. This strong intermicellar attraction leads to organic phase splitting with the separation of most of the solutes of the original organic phase into a distinct phase containing interspersed layers of n -dodecane. When HPT is the diluent, the intermicellar attraction energy calculated from the SANS data is much lower, and no third phase formation is observed under comparable chemical conditions. However, when a significant amount of the initial aqueous plutonium is in the form of plutonyl ions, PuO22+ , the critical energy potential is reached even in HPT. A potential explanation of the effect of Pu(VI) involves the formation of a plutonyl trinitrato complex. C1 Def Nucl Facil Safety Board, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Plaue, J (reprint author), Def Nucl Facil Safety Board, 625 Indiana Ave, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM jplaue@alum.mit.edu NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1080/07366290600646970 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 044OD UT WOS:000237681100002 ER PT J AU Zalupski, PR Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Herlinger, AW AF Zalupski, PR Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Herlinger, AW TI Metal extraction by sulfur-containing symmetrically-substituted bisphosphonic acids. Part I. P,P '-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylenebisthio-phosphonic acid SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE bisthiophosphonic acids; bisphosphonates; partial esters; lanthanide; actinide separations; aggregation; metal extraction ID DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; THIOCYANIC ACID; THERMODYNAMICS; AGGREGATION; LANTHANIDES; CYANEX-302; EQUILIBRIA; REAGENTS; ACTINIDE; SPECTRA AB P,P'-dialkyl methylenebisphosphonic acids are powerful metal extraction reagents exhibiting strong affinity for a variety of metal ions, especially lanthanides and actinides. While the affinity of gem -bisphosphonic acids is generally high for most metal ions because of their relative high acidity and ability to form six-member chelate rings, the selectivity often is low. Thus, a strategy of incorporating soft-donor atoms such as sulfur into gem-bisphosphonic acids has been adopted to obtain enhanced metal selectivity while retaining high extraction efficiency. To this end a new class of sulfur-containing gem -bisphosphonic acid solvent extraction reagents was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for heavy element separations. Specifically, the novel sulfur-containing P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylenebisthiophosphonic acid, H2DEH[MBTP], was synthesized, characterized and its aggregation, metal extraction and acid-base behavior assessed. Vapor phase osmometry measurements indicate that H 2 DEH[MBTP] is less aggregated than its P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylenebisphosphonic acid analogue, H2DEH[MBP], existing in toluene primarily as an equilibrium mixture of monomer and dimer in the concentration range studied. The acid dependency data for the extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ from aqueous perchlorate solutions by H-2 DEH[MBTP] in o-xylene exhibit slopes close to -3 at low acidity, consistent with extraction of a trivalent metal ion. The extractant dependency data exhibit pH dependent slopes, suggesting different stoichiometry of metal extraction under different acidities. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. EM aherlin@luc.edu RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1080/07366290600646988 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 044OD UT WOS:000237681100005 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Levitskaia, TG AF Lumetta, GJ Levitskaia, TG TI Pseudohydroxide extraction from aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions with 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol in Isopar (R) L modified with 1-octanol SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE hydroxide extraction; sodium extraction; solvent modifier ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; WATER; ACIDS; SEPARATION; SELECTIVITY; IONIZATION; PHENOLS; OCTANOL; IONS AB Pseudohydroxide extraction (PHE) was investigated for recovering sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from alkaline process solutions. PHE relies on the deprotonation of a lipophilic weak acid by hydroxide ion with concomitant transfer of sodium ion into an organic phase. Contact of the sodium-loaded organic phase with water results in the reconstitution of the extractant in the organic phase and NaOH in the aqueous phase, thus leading to a process in which NaOH equivalents are transferred from an alkaline feed solution to an aqueous stripping solution. In this work, we investigated PHE using a process-friendly diluent-Isopar trademark L. The lipophilic cation exchanger 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (35-DTBP) was used as the extractant. The Isopar trademark L diluent was modified with 1-octanol to improve its solvation properties and the solubility of 35-DTBP so that practical Na+ concentrations could be achieved in the process solvent. The PHE mechanism at process-relevant conditions was explored by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements. Complementary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies were also performed. Equilibrium computer modeling suggested that the Na+ extraction behavior can be largely explained by the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 Na/35-DTBP species in the organic phase. Extraction isotherms obtained using simulated caustic leaching solutions indicate the potential utility of this approach for recycling NaOH from complex alkaline mixtures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregg.lumetta@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 359 EP 386 DI 10.1080/07366290600646764 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 044OD UT WOS:000237681100007 ER PT J AU Kang, HA Moyer, BA AF Kang, HA Moyer, BA TI Pseudo-hydroxide extraction in the separation of sodium hydroxide from aqueous solutions using alkyl phenols SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-hydroxide extraction; alkyl phenols; alkyl substituents; SXLSQI; equilibria; sodium hydroxide; equilibrium modeling ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; STERIC HINDRANCE; IONIZATION; ACIDS; 1-OCTANOL; METHANOL; ETHER; WATER AB Pseudo-hydroxide extraction of sodium hydroxide from aqueous solution using four alkyl phenols of nearly identical molecular weight in 1-octanol at 25 degrees C was examined to understand the effect of alkyl substituents. The order of extraction strength among the four alkyl phenols tested was 4-tert-octylphenol. 3,5-di-tertbutylphenol. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. A good correlation with phenol pK(a) was observed, indicating that extraction strength is determined by phenol acidity, as modified by steric effects in proximity to the phenol - OH group. The effective partition ratios (P-eff) of two phenols from 1 M NaOH solution were determined, showing that the phenols remain predominantly in the 1-octanol phase even when converted to their sodium salts. However, the hydrophobicity of the tested phenols may not be sufficient for process purposes. The equilibrium constants for the governing extraction equilibria were determined by modeling the data using the program SXLSQI, supporting the cation-exchange extraction mechanism. The proposed mechanism consists of two simple sets of equilibria for a. Ion-pair extraction to give Na+OH- ion pairs and corresponding free ions in 1-octanol the phase and b. Cation exchange by monomeric phenol molecules (HAs) to form monomeric organic-phase Na(+)A(-) ion pairs and corresponding free organic-phase ions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 387 EP 405 DI 10.1080/0736690600646822 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 044OD UT WOS:000237681100008 ER PT J AU Collins, B Sharitz, R Madden, K Dilustro, J AF Collins, B Sharitz, R Madden, K Dilustro, J TI Comparison of sandhills and mixed pine-hardwood communities at Fort Benning, Georgia SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Fall Line sandhills vegetation occurs on dry, sandy ridgetops and supports a suite of rare or uncommon plant species (TES). We surveyed nine sandhills sites and 32 "matrix" mixed pine-hardwood stands at Fort Benning to characterize canopy and groundlayer vegetation patterns and determine the extent of sandhills vegetation, including characteristic dominant species and TES, over the upland landscape. The relative abundance Of Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), P. taeda (loblolly pine), and P. echinata (shortleaf pine) and sandhills oaks contributed to canopy composition differences among sites. The sandhills communities support a unique set of groundlayer species, including state-listed Chrysoma pauciflosculosa. Although there is some species overlap, especially in overstory composition, characteristic sandhills vegetation is not widely distributed in mixed pine-hardwood stands at Fort Benning and conservation might best be achieved by maintaining existing sites. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Collins@srel.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[93:COSAMP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037MU UT WOS:000237151800010 ER PT S AU Ballarini, F Battistoni, G Cerutti, F Fasso, A Ferrari, A Gadioli, E Garzelli, MV Mairani, A Ottolenghi, A Paretzke, HG Parini, V Pelliccioni, M Pinsky, L Sala, PR Scannicchio, D Trovati, S Zankl, M AF Ballarini, F. Battistoni, G. Cerutti, F. Fasso, A. Ferrari, A. Gadioli, E. Garzelli, M. V. Mairani, A. Ottolenghi, A. Paretzke, H. G. Parini, V. Pelliccioni, M. Pinsky, L. Sala, P. R. Scannicchio, D. Trovati, S. Zankl, M. BE Heilbronn, L DeAngels, G TI GCR and SPE organ doses in deep space with different shielding: Monte Carlo simulations based on the FLUKA code coupled to anthropomorphic phantoms SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS, CALIBRATION OF DETECTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RADIATION ANALYSIS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE organ doses; space radiation; deep space; shielding; Monte Carlo; anthropomorphic phantoms ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATION INDUCTION; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTICLE; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Astronauts' exposure to space radiation is of high concern for long-term missions, especially for those in deep space such as possible travels to Mars. In these cases shielding optimization is a crucial issue, and simulations based on radiation transport codes and anthropomorphic model phantoms can be of great help. In this work the FLUKA Monte Carlo code was coupled with two anthropomorphic phantoms (a mathematical model and a "voxel" model) to calculate organ-averaged dose, dose equivalent and "biological dose" in the various tissues and organs following exposure to the August 1972 Solar Particle Event and to Galactic Cosmic Rays under different shielding conditions. The "biological dose" was characterized by the average number of induced "Complex Lesions" (CLs) per cell in a given organ or tissue, where CLs are clustered DNA breaks which can play an important role in chromosome aberration induction. Separate calculation of the contributions from secondary hadrons - in particular neutrons - with respect to primary particles allowed us to quantify the role played by nuclear interactions occurring in the shield and in the human body. Specifically for GCR, the contributions from the different components of the incident primary spectra were calculated separately as well. As expected, the SPE doses showed a dramatic decrease with increasing Al shielding. Furthermore, for SPEs internal organs received much lower doses with respect to skin, and nuclear interactions were found to be of minor importance. A 10 g/cm(2) Al storm shelter turned out to be sufficient to respect the NCRP limits for 30-days LEO missions in case of a SPE similar to the August 1972 event. In contrast with SPEs, GCR absorbed doses remained roughly constant with increasing At shielding. The organ-averaged dose equivalent and biological dose showed a (slight) decrease starting from a shield thickness of 2 g/cm(2), probably due the lower LET of projectile fragments. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pavia, Nucl & Theoret Phys Dept, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, RP, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. CERN, SL, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, GSF, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Ballarini, F (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Nucl & Theoret Phys Dept, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM francesea.ballarini@pv.infn.it RI Garzelli, Maria Vittoria/G-8055-2011; sala, paola/E-2868-2013; Ballarini, Francesca/J-7293-2013; Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014; Battistoni, Giuseppe/B-5264-2012 OI sala, paola/0000-0001-9859-5564; Ballarini, Francesca/0000-0002-6629-3382; Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X; Battistoni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3484-1724 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1791 EP 1797 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BER53 UT WOS:000239085700022 ER PT S AU Poon, CF Poston, DI AF Poon, CF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI Evaluation of launch accident safety options for low-power surface reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface power; launch safety AB Safety options for surface reactors of less than 800 kW (thermal power) are analyzed. The concepts under consideration are heat pipe cooled reactors fueled with either uranium nitride or uranium dioxide. This study investigates the impact of launch accident criteria on the system mass, while ensuring the mechanical integrity and reliability of the system through launch accident scenarios. The four criticality scenarios analyzed for shutdown determination are dry sand surround with reflectors stripped, water submersion on concrete, water submersion with all control drums in, and the nominal shutdown reactor condition. Additionally the following two operational criteria are analyzed: reactor is warm and swelled, and reactor is warm and swelled with one drum in (where swelled includes both thermal mechanical expansion and irradiation induced swelling of the fuel). C1 Univ Florida, Dept Nucl Engn, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Nucl Engn, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM cfung@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 254 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600029 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Marcille, TF AF Poston, DI Marcille, TF BE ElGenk, MS TI Design options to reduce development cost of first generation surface reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface power; development cost AB Low-power surface reactors have the potential to have the lowest development cost of any space reactor application, primarily because system alpha (mass/kg) is not of utmost importance and mission lifetimes do not have to be a decade or more. Even then, the development cost of a surface reactor can vary substantially depending on the performance requirements (e.g. mass, power, lifetime, reliability) and technical development risk deemed acceptable by the end-user. It is important for potential users to be aware of these relationships before they determine their future architecture (i.e. decide what they need). Generally, the greatest potential costs of a space reactor program are a nuclear-powered ground test and extensive material development campaigns, so it is important to consider options that can minimize the need for or complexity of such tasks. The intended goal of this paper is to inform potential surface reactor users of the potential sensitivities of surface reactor development cost to design requirements, and areas where technical risk can be traded with development cost. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM poston@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 281 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600032 ER PT S AU Amiri, BW Sims, BT Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ AF Amiri, BW Sims, BT Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI A stainless-steel, uranium-dioxide, potassium-heatpipe-cooled surface reactor SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface; power; heat pipe AB One of the primary goals in designing a fission power system is to ensure that the system can be developed at a low cost and on an acceptable schedule without compromising reliability. The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) is one possible approach for producing near-term, low-cost, space fission power. The Heatpipe Operated Moon Exploration Reactor (HOMER-25) is a UPS designed to produce 25-kWe on the lunar surface for 5 full-power years. The HOMER-25 core is made up of 93% enriched UO2 fuel pins and stainless-steel (SS)/potassium (K) heatpipes in a SS monolith. The heatpipes transport heat generated in the core through the water shield to a potassium boiler, which drives six Stirling engines. The operating heatpipe temperature is 880 K and the peak fast fluence is 1.6e21 n/cm(2), which is well within an established database for the selected materials. The HOMER-25 is designed to be buried in 1.5 in of lunar regolith during operation. By using technology and materials which do not require extensive technology development programs, the HOMER-25 could be developed at a relatively low cost. This paper describes the attributes, specifications, and performance of the HOMER-25 reactor system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwamiri@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 289 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600033 ER PT S AU Marcille, TF Dixon, DD Fischer, GA Doherty, SP Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ AF Marcille, TF Dixon, DD Fischer, GA Doherty, SP Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Design of a low power, fast-spectrum, liquid-metal cooled surface reactor system SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface; power; development cost; UO2; NaK; SS316 AB In the current 2005 US budget environment, competition for fiscal resources make funding for comprehensive space reactor development programs difficult to justify and accommodate. Simultaneously, the need to develop these systems to provide planetary and deep space-enabling power systems is increasing. Given that environment, designs intended to satisfy reasonable near-term surface missions, using affordable technology-ready materials and processes warrant serious consideration. An initial lunar application design incorporating a stainless structure, 880 K pumped NaK coolant system and a stainless/UO2 fuel system can be designed, fabricated and tested for a fraction of the cost of recent high-profile reactor programs (JIMO, SP-100). Along with the cost reductions associated with the use of qualified materials and processes, this design offers a low-risk, high-reliability implementation associated with mission specific low temperature, low burnup, five year operating lifetime requirements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. North Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Engn, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmarcille@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 319 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600036 ER PT S AU Morton, SL Baily, CE Hill, TJ Werner, JE AF Morton, SL Baily, CE Hill, TJ Werner, JE BE ElGenk, MS TI Feasibility of ground testing a Moon and Mars surface power reactor in EBR-II SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE surface power reactor; INL; nuclear; Moon; Mars; space AB Ground testing of a surface fission power system would be necessary to verify the design and validate reactor performance to support safe and sustained human exploration of the Moon and Mars. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has several facilities that could be adapted to support a ground test. This paper focuses on the feasibility of ground testing at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) facility and using other INL existing infrastructure to support such a test. This brief study concludes that the INL EBR-II facility and supporting infrastructure are a viable option for ground testing the surface power system. It provides features and attributes that offer advantages to locating and performing ground testing at this site, and it could support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration schedules for human exploration of the Moon. This study used the initial concept examined by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter-laboratory Design and Analysis Support Team for surface power, a low-temperature, liquid-metal, three-loop Brayton power system. With some facility modification, the EBR-II can safely house a test chamber and perform long-term testing of the space reactor power system. The INL infrastructure is available to receive and provide bonded storage for special nuclear materials. Facilities adjacent to EBR-II can provide the clean room environment needed to assemble and store the test article assembly, disassemble the power system at the conclusion of testing, and perform posttest examination. Capability for waste disposal is also available at the INL. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Disposit & Engn Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Design & Drafting Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Space Nucl Syst & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Disposit & Engn Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Baily, Carl/C-6572-2017 OI Baily, Carl/0000-0002-5544-6240 FU U.S. Department of Energ; Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology; NASA's under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology (NE) for NASAs Project Prometheus under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. The views represented in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily representative of DOE or NASA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 418 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600047 ER PT S AU Fensin, ML Elliott, JO Lipinski, RJ Poston, DI AF Fensin, ML Elliott, JO Lipinski, RJ Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI Radiation shielding design and orientation considerations for a 1 kWe heat pipe cooled reactor utilized to bore through the ice caps of Mars SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE cryobot; Mars; surface power; uranium nitride; heat pipe AB The goal in designing any space power system is to develop a system able to meet the mission requirements for success while minimizing the overall costs. The mission requirements for the this study was to develop a reactor (with Stirling engine power conversion) and shielding configuration able to fit, along with all the other necessary science equipment, in a Cryobot 3 in high with similar to 0.5 in diameter hull, produce 1 kWe for 5yrs, and not adversely affect the mission science by keeping the total integrated dose to the science equipment below 150 krad. Since in most space power missions the overall system mass dictates the mission cost, the shielding designs in this study incorporated Martian water extracted at the startup site in order to minimize the tungsten and LiH mass loading at launch. Different reliability and mass minimization concerns led to three design configuration evolutions. With the help of implementing Martian water and configuring the reactor as far from the science equipment as possible, the needed tungsten and LiH shield mass was minimized. This study further characterizes the startup dose and the necessary mission requirements in order to ensure integrity of the surface equipment during reactor startup phase. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mfensin@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 448 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600050 ER PT S AU Koudelka, RD Murray, CS Fleming, JG Shaw, MJ Teofilo, V Alexander, C AF Koudelka, RD Murray, CS Fleming, JG Shaw, MJ Teofilo, V Alexander, C BE ElGenk, MS TI Radioisotope micropower system using thermophotovoltaic energy conversion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE thermophotovoltaic; photonic crystal; radioisotope; micropower ID POWER-SYSTEMS; FABRICATION; MODULES AB Recent advances in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion efficiency have increased interest in investigating the use of TPV in a wider spectrum of applications. This paper discusses a micropower system under development that utilizes a radioisotope heat source, microelectromechanical (MEM) thermal insulation, 3-D tungsten photonic crystal (PC) emitter, and thermophotovoltaic modules for the energy conversion. The 3-D tungsten photonic crystal (PC) emitter is a selective emitter that is designed to match the bandgap of the TPV module. Compared to bulk tungsten, the PC has increased emittance in the convertible wavelength range and decreased emittance in the nonconvertible wavelength range, which results in a greater than 10% improvement in conversion efficiency. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lockheed Missiles & Space Co Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rkoudel@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 545 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600061 ER PT S AU Kang, S Lipinski, R McAlpine, W AF Kang, S Lipinski, R McAlpine, W BE ElGenk, MS TI Lunar surface reactor shielding study SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2006 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE nuclear reactor; shield; MCNPX AB A nuclear reactor system could provide power to support long term human exploration of the moon. Such a system would require shielding to protect astronauts from its emitted radiations. Shielding studies have been performed for a Gas Cooled Reactor system because it is considered to be the most suitable nuclear reactor system available for lunar exploration, based on its tolerance of oxidizing lunar regolith and its good conversion efficiency. The goals of the shielding studies were to determine a material shielding configuration that reduces the dose (rem) to the required level in order to protect astronauts, and to estimate the mass of regolith that would provide an equivalent protective effect if it were used as the shielding material. All calculations were performed using MCNPX, a Monte Carlo transport code. Lithium hydride must be kept between 600 K and 700 K to prevent excessive swelling from large amounts of gamma or neutron irradiation. The issue is that radiation damage causes separation of the lithium and the hydrogen, resulting in lithium metal and hydrogen gas. The proposed design uses a layer of B4C to reduce the combined neutron and gamma dose to below 0.5Grads before the LiH is introduced. Below 0.5Grads the swelling in LiH is small (less than about 1%) for all temperatures. This approach causes the shield to be heavier than if the B4C were replaced by LiH, but it makes the shield much more robust and reliable. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kang, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 707 EP 715 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600080 ER PT S AU Kapernick, RJ Creamer, WC AF Kapernick, RJ Creamer, WC BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal-mechanical studies for gas-cooled space reactor designs SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2006 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE gas-cooled space reactor; core mechanical and thermal design AB Los Alamos National Laboratory has been involved in the development of reactor concepts to be used as a power source for nuclear electric propulsion and/or for surface power sources. As part of this effort, a high fidelity thermal-mechanical analysis method has been developed for rapid performance assessments of these designs. This method has been used to study several concept alternatives, including both annular and multi-hole monolithic block designs. This paper presents the analysis method developed and results of analyses performed for a gas-cooled reactor. Key results are 1) the annular block design is lower mass than the multi-hole block design, 2) fuel temperatures are effectively controlled by adjusting the number of fuel pins in the core, 3) large thermal-hydraulic performance enhancements are produced by increasing coolant pressure and/or helium mole fraction, and 4) manufacturing and assembly parameters have relatively small effects on thermal-hydraulic performance and care should be taken to balance mechanical design complexity and reliability issues with thermal-hydraulic performance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kapernick, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 766 EP 775 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600086 ER PT S AU Ludewig, H Cheng, LY Ecker, L Todosow, M AF Ludewig, H Cheng, LY Ecker, L Todosow, M BE ElGenk, MS TI An integrated analysis of a NERVA based Nuclear Thermal Propulsion system SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE Nuclear Thermal Propulsion; NERVA AB This paper presents results and conclusions derived from an integrated analysis of a NERVA based Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) system. The NTP system is sized to generate a thrust of 70,000 N (15,000 lb(f),), and have a specific impulse (I-sp) of 860 s. This implies a reactor that operates at 350 MWth and has a mixed mean propellant outlet temperature of 2760 K. The integrated analysis will require that self-consistent neutronic/thermalhydraulic/stress analyses be carried out. The major code packages used in this analysis are MCNP, RELAP, and ANSYS. Results from this analysis indicate that nuclear data will have to be re-generated to cover the wide temperature range, zone loading will be necessary to avoid entering the liquidus region for the fuel, and the effectiveness of the ZrC insulator will have implications for bi-modal applications. These results suggest a path forward in the development of a viable NTP system based on a NERVA reactor should initially concentrate on fuel and structural materials and associated coating development. A series of safety related criticality determinations were carried out addressing water immersion following a launch incident. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ludewig@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA); Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE AC02 98CH10886] FX This work was performed by the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in support of the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA). BNL is managed for DOE by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under contract DE AC02 98CH10886. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DOE or NASA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 870 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600097 ER PT S AU Dixon, DD Hiatt, MT Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ AF Dixon, DD Hiatt, MT Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Design of a 25-kWe surface reactor system based on SNAP reactor technologies SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE SNAP; space reactor; surface power; UZrH AB A Hastelloy-X clad, sodium-potassium (NaK-78) cooled, moderated spectrum reactor using uranium zirconium hydride (UZrH) fuel based on the SNAP program reactors is a promising design for use in surface power systems. This paper presents a 98 kW(th) reactor for a power system the uses multiple Stirling engines to produce 25 kW(e)-net for 5 years. The design utilizes a pin type geometry containing UZrH, fuel clad with Hastelloy-X and NaK-78 flowing around the pins as coolant. A compelling feature of this design is its use of 49.9% enriched U, allowing it to be classified as a category III-D attractiveness and reducing facility costs relative to highly-enriched space reactor concepts. Presented below are both the design and an analysis of this reactor's criticality under various safety and operations scenarios. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dddixon@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration FX This paper was written with Los Alamos National Laboratory internal funding. The technical work that provided the foundation for much of this paper was performed with funding from the National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration as directed by either the Department of Energy or the Marshall Space Flight Center. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors, and do not represent any government agency. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 932 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600103 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Ade, BJ Sadasivan, P Leichliter, KJ Dixon, DD AF Poston, DI Ade, BJ Sadasivan, P Leichliter, KJ Dixon, DD BE ElGenk, MS TI Water and regolith shielding for surface reactor missions SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface; power; shielding; shield design; water; regolith AB This paper investigates potential shielding options for surface power fission reactors. The majority of work is focused on a lunar shield that uses a combination of water in stainless-steel cans and lunar regolith. The major advantage of a water-based shield is that development, testing, and deployment should be relatively inexpensive. This shielding approach is used for three surface reactor concepts: (1) a moderated spectrum, NaK cooled, Hastalloy/UZrH reactor, (2) a fast-spectrum, NaK-cooled, SS/UO2 reactor, and (3) a fast-spectrum, K-heat-pipe-cooled, SS/UO2 reactor. For this study, each of these reactors is coupled to a 25-kWt Stirling power system, designed for 5 year life. The shields are designed to limit the dose both to the Stirling alternators and potential astronauts on the surface. The general configuration used is to bury the reactor, but several other options exist as well. Dose calculations are presented as a function of distance from reactor, depth of buried hole, water boron concentration (if any), and regolith repacked density. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM poston@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration; Department of Energy or the Marshall Space Flight Center FX This paper was written with Los Alamos National Laboratory internal funding. The technical work that provided the foundation for most of this paper was performed with funding from the National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration as directed by either the Department of Energy or the Marshall Space Flight Center. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 953 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600105 ER PT S AU Brooks, K Rassat, S Hu, J Stenkamp, S Schlahta, S Bontha, J Holladay, J Simon, T Romig, K Howard, C AF Brooks, K Rassat, S Hu, J Stenkamp, S Schlahta, S Bontha, J Holladay, J Simon, T Romig, K Howard, C BE ElGenk, MS TI Development of a microchannel in situ propellant production system SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE microchannel; microtechnology; in-situ propellant production; in-situ resource utilization; adsorption; Sabatier; reverse water gas shift; Mars AB A microchannel-based system is being developed for NASA to produce propellants from atmospheric CO2 on Mars. This system will provide a means of reducing the earth-based launch mass for both sample return and human exploration missions. The atmospheric CO2 will be collected, separated, and compressed with a microchannel thermal swing adsorption system. It will be reacted with hydrogen that has either been electrolyzed from the available subsurface water or brought from earth. Methane and water will be produced by using microchannel Sabatier and Reverse Water Gas Shift reactors, respectively. The water will then separated with a microchannel condenser/phase separator and electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen. Feed gases will be separated from the products and recycled. The system design requirements will be presented in this paper. The design and fabrication methods of the microchannel CO2 sorption pump, reactors, and phase separators will be described, and the advantages of microchannel architecture will be delineated for each component. Estimates of system mass and volume will also be provided in comparison to conventional hardware. The testing and integration proposed during this project to meet NASA's Technology Readiness Level 5 will also be presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kriston.brooks@pnl.gov FU Advanced Space Technology Program; Office of Exploration Systems FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Advanced Space Technology Program and the Office of Exploration Systems for their financial support and the technical direction provided by Johnson Space Center. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 1111 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600120 ER PT S AU Nellums, RO Habbit, RD Heying, MR Pitts, TA Sandusky, JV AF Nellums, Robert O. Habbit, Robert D. Heying, Mark R. Pitts, Todd A. Sandusky, John V. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI 3D scannerless LADAR for orbiter inspection SO SPACEBORNE SENSORS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors III CY APR 18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE range imaging; LADAR; phase detection; video rate; miniature; space flight ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; RANGE IMAGER; RADAR AB The Space Shuttle Program requires on-orbit inspection of the thermal protection system which covers the Orbiter spacecraft, including the critical leading-edge surfaces. A scannerless ladar system mounted on a 50-foot boom extension of the robotic arm provides this capability. This paper describes the sensor and ground processing system, which were developed by Sandia National Laboratories to meet the requirements of the Return to Flight mission in July of 2005. Mission operations for this sensor system are also reviewed. C1 [Nellums, Robert O.; Habbit, Robert D.; Heying, Mark R.; Pitts, Todd A.; Sandusky, John V.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nellums, RO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6276-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6220 AR 62200G DI 10.1117/12.670569 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES58 UT WOS:000239301100011 ER PT S AU Iglesias, CA AF Iglesias, Carlos A. BE Oks, E Pindzola, M TI Emission and absorption measurements to resolve long-standing discrepancies in spectral line broadening SO Spectral Line Shapes SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conferene on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Auburn, AL SP US DOE, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math DE collisional broadening; isolated lines ID B III; STARK; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS; BERYLLIUM; SEQUENCE; IONS AB It was recently shown that a quantum kinetic theory approach to Stark broadening of spectral lines yields corrections to the standard impact theory that may resolve discrepancies between theoretical and experimental widths of isolated lines. Furthermore, the kinetic theory method predicts, contrary to the standard impact theory, different emission and absorption line widths for plasmas in non-thermal equilibrium. This difference presents new opportunities for experimentally resolving the disagreements in electron-impact line broadening. Quantitative predictions suggest that such experiments are feasible. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iglesias, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0370-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 874 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFT23 UT WOS:000244484700001 ER PT S AU Mancini, RC Bailey, J Rochau, G Chandler, G Dunham, G Lake, P Peterson, K Slutz, S Sinars, D Mehlhorn, T Gunderson, M Haynes, DA Kilcrease, D AF Mancini, R. C. Bailey, J. Rochau, G. Chandler, G. Dunham, G. Lake, P. Peterson, K. Slutz, S. Sinars, D. Mehlhorn, T. Gunderson, M. Haynes, D. A. Kilcrease, D. BE Oks, E Pindzola, M TI Line broadening analysis of argon X-ray emission from Z-driven implosions cores SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conferene on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Auburn, AL SP US DOE, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math ID PROFILES; PLASMAS; CAPSULES; OPACITY AB We disucss the line broadening analysis of argon-doped deuterium-filled implosion cores driven by a dynamic hohlraum z-pinch. The observed line spectra include emissions from the Ly alpha, Ly beta, Ly gamma, He alpha, He beta, He gamma and He delta lines in H- and He-like argon ions, respectively. The data recorded using a crystal spectrometer with space-resolving slits and coupled to a framing camera yields time- and spatially-resolved argon line spectra in the implosion core. The analysis accounts for opacity and Stark line broadening to determine electron density, Ne, and areal-density, N Delta R, values for the ground state populations of H- and He-like argon ions. In this connection, a set of Stark-broadened line shapes was computed considering the effect of differing ion and electron temperatures, which impacts the calculation of the ion microfield distribution function, the Doppler broadening, and the ion dynamic's effect. Analysis results will be discussed emphasizing the relevance of using these detailed Stark-broadened line shapes. C1 [Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bailey, J.; Rochau, G.; Chandler, G.; Dunham, G.; Lake, P.; Peterson, K.; Slutz, S.; Sinars, D.; Mehlhorn, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, New Mexico, NM USA. [Gunderson, M.; Haynes, D. A.; Kilcrease, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico, NM USA. RP Mancini, RC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM rcman@physics.unr.edu OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; SNL [29195] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work is also supported by SNL Contract No. 29195. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0370-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 874 BP 90 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFT23 UT WOS:000244484700011 ER PT S AU Stamm, R Capes, H Demura, A Godbert-Mouret, L Koubiti, M Marandet, Y Mattioli, M Rosato, J Rosmej, F Fournier, KB AF Stamm, R. Capes, H. Demura, A. Godbert-Mouret, L. Koubiti, M. Marandet, Y. Mattioli, M. Rosato, J. Rosmej, F. Fournier, K. B. BE Oks, E Pindzola, M TI Spectral line shapes as a diagnostic tool in magnetic fusion SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conferene on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Auburn, AL SP US DOE, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math DE zeeman effect; Stark broadening; Doppler broadening; edge plasmas; turbulence; transport ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; IONIZATION BALANCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; NM REGION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; IONS; FIELD AB Spectral line shapes and intensities are used for obtaining information on the various regions of magnetic fusion devices. Emission from low principal quantum numbers of hydrogen isotopes is analyzed for understanding the complex recycling mechanism. Lines emitted from high principal quantum numbers of hydrogen and helium are dominated by Stark effect, allowing an electronic density diagnostic in the divertor. Intensities of lines emitted by impurities are fitted for a better knowledge of ion transport in the confined plasma. C1 [Stamm, R.; Godbert-Mouret, L.; Koubiti, M.; Marandet, Y.; Rosato, J.; Rosmej, F.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, Marseille, France. [Capes, H.] CEA, Dept Res Fus Control, Cadarache, France. [Demura, A.] RRC Kurchatov Inst, HEPTI, Moscow, Russia. [Mattioli, M.] Associazzone Euratom Enea Fus, Padua, Italy. [Fournier, K. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stamm, R (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, Marseille, France. EM roland.stamm@piim.up.univ-mrs.fr; Alexander.Demura@hepti.kiae.ru; yannick.marandet@piim.up.univ-mrs.fr; jrosato@pilma1.univ-mrs.fr; frank.rosmej@piim.up.univ-mrs.fr FU University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work is part of a collaboration (LRC DSM 99-14) between the Laboratory of Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires and the association Euratom-CEA in Cadarache. The work of K.B. Fournier has been performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0370-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 874 BP 262 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFT23 UT WOS:000244484700033 ER PT J AU Peschel, BU Andrade, F Wetzel, WC Schilling, GD Hieftje, GM Broekaert, JAC Sperline, R Denton, MB Baninaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW AF Peschel, BU Andrade, F Wetzel, WC Schilling, GD Hieftje, GM Broekaert, JAC Sperline, R Denton, MB Baninaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW TI Electrothermal vaporization coupled with inductively coupled plasma array-detector mass spectrometry for the multielement analysis of Al2O3 ceramic powders SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE electrothermal vaporization; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; array detector mass spectrometry ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ALUMINUM-OXIDE POWDERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; TUNGSTEN COIL; ICP-MS; SPECTROGRAPH AB An electrothermal vaporization (ETV) system useful for the analysis of solutions and slurries has been coupled with a sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) equipped with an array detector. The ability of this instrument to record the transient signals produced for a number of analytes in ETV-ICP-MS is demonstrated. Detection limits for Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ga are in the range of 4-60 pg mu L-1 for aqueous solutions and in the low mu g g(-1) range for the analysis of 10 mg mL(-1) slurries of Al2O3 powders. The dynamic ranges measured for Fe, Cu and Ga spanned 3-5 orders of magnitude when the detector was operated in the low-gain mode and appear to be limited by the ETV system. Trace amounts of Fe, Cu and Ga could be directly determined in Al2O3 powders at the 2-270 mu g g(-1) level without the use of thermochemical reagents. The results well agree with literature values for Fe and Cu, whereas deviations of 50% at the 90 mu g g(-1) level for Ga were found. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Inorgan & Appl Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Broekaert, JAC (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Inorgan & Appl Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM jose.broekaert@chemie.uni-hamburg.de NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2005.11.007 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 018GA UT WOS:000235751000004 ER PT S AU Bayer, C Jorzick, J Demokritov, SO Slavin, AN Guslienko, KY Berkov, DV Gorn, NL Kostylev, MP Hillebrands, B AF Bayer, Christian Jorzick, Joerg Demokritov, Sergej O. Slavin, Andrei N. Guslienko, Konstantin Y. Berkov, Dmitry V. Gorn, Natalia L. Kostylev, Mikhail P. Hillebrands, Burkard BE Hillebrands, B Thiaville, A TI Spin-wave excitations in finite rectangular elements SO SPIN DYNAMICS IN CONFINED MAGNETIC STRUCTURES III SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID SIZE MAGNETIC WIRES; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MAGNETOSTATIC MODES; VALVE HEADS; FIELD; QUANTIZATION; NOISE; DOTS; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB A review on recent Brillouin light scattering work on spin-wave modes in arrays of micrometer-size magnetic Ni80Fe20 stripes and rectangular elements is given. Several effects caused by the lateral confinement in the stripes are reviewed: 1. lateral quantization of dipole-dominated Damon-Eshbach spin-wave modes in a, longitudinally magnetized stripe due to its finite width, 2. localization of exchange-dominated spin-wave modes near the edges and dipole-dominated spin-wave modes near the center of a transversely magnetized long magnetic stripe due to the inhomogeneity of its internal magnetic field, 3. combination of quantization and localization effects for the spin-wave modes in rectangular elements. The observed effects are analyzed using an analytical approach and numerical simulations. C1 Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys & Forschungsschwerpunkt MINAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Univ Munster, Inst Angew Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. INNOVENT eV Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany. St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. RP Bayer, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys & Forschungsschwerpunkt MINAS, Erwin Schrodinger Str 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM cbayer@physik.uni-kl.de; jorzick@physik.uni-kl.de; demokrit@uni-muenster.de; slavin@oakland.edu; gusliyenko@anl.gov; DB@innovent-jena.de; kostylev@mail.ru; hilleb@physik.uni-kl.de RI Kostylev, Mikhail/H-5214-2014; Hillebrands, Burkard/C-6242-2008; Demokritov, Sergej/C-4347-2013 OI Hillebrands, Burkard/0000-0001-8910-0355; Demokritov, Sergej/0000-0003-4422-4201 NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 3-540-20108-4 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2006 VL 101 BP 57 EP 103 PG 47 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFH93 UT WOS:000241944100002 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Sharp, MA Darakjy, S Jones, SB Hauret, KG Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Sharp, Marilyn A. Darakjy, Salima Jones, Sarah B. Hauret, Keith G. Jones, Bruce H. TI Temporal changes in the physical fitness of US Army recruits SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; PREDICTING BODY DENSITY; SECULAR TRENDS; RISK-FACTORS; GENERALIZED EQUATIONS; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE TESTS; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; AMERICAN CHILDREN AB This article defines physical fitness and then reviews the literature on temporal trends in the physical fitness of new US Army recruits. Nineteen papers were found that met the review criteria and had published recruit fitness data from 1975 to 2003. The limited data on recruit muscle strength suggested an increase from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period). Data on push-ups and sit-ups suggested no change in muscular endurance between 1984 and 2003 (19-year period). Limited data suggested that maximal oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2max) [mL/kg/min] of male recruits did not change from 1975 to 1998 (23-year period), while there was some indication of a small increase in female recruit (V) over dot O-2max in the same period. On the other hand, slower times on 1-mile (1.6km) and 2-mile (3.2km) runs indicate declines in aerobic performance from 1987 to 2003 (16-year period). The apparent discrepancy between the (V) over dot O-2max and endurance running data may indicate that recruits are not as proficient at applying their aerobic capability to performance tasks, such as timed runs, possibly because of factors such as increased bodyweight, reduced experience with running, lower motivation and/or environmental factors. Recruit height, weight and body mass index have progressively increased between 1978 and 2003 (25-year period). Both the body fat and fat-free mass of male recruits increased from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period); however, body composition data on female recruits did not show a consistent trend. In this same time period, the literature contained little data on youth physical activity but there was some suggestion that caloric consumption increased. This article indicates that temporal trends in recruit fitness differ depending on the fitness component measured. The very limited comparable data on civilian populations showed trends similar to the recruit data. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.knapik@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 147 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 613 EP 634 DI 10.2165/00007256-200636070-00005 PG 22 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 063BT UT WOS:000238991700005 PM 16796397 ER PT J AU D'yachkov, A Rykov, V Torney, D Yekhanin, S AF D'yachkov, A Rykov, V Torney, D Yekhanin, S TI On application of the partition distance concept to a comparative analysis of psychological or sociological tests SO STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE clusters analysis; medical tests; partition codes; partitions distance; partitions of sets; psychological tests AB We discuss two distance concepts between q-ary n-sequences, 2 <= q < n, called partition distances. This distances are metrics in the space of all partitions of a finite n-set. For the metrics, we study codes called q-partition codes and present a construction of these codes based on the first order Reed-Muller codes. A random coding bound is obtained. We also work out an application of q-partition codes to the statistical analysis of psychological or medical tests using questionnaires. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Mech & Math, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Rykov, V (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, 6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM vrykov@mail.unomaha.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-2994 J9 STOCH ANAL APPL JI Stoch. Anal. Appl. PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1080/07362990500397533 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 999KX UT WOS:000234389300004 ER PT J AU Dienes, JK AF Dienes, JK TI On the mean cluster size of a network of cracks SO STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING LA English DT Article DE cracks; clusters; percolation; geometrical statistics ID FRAGMENTATION; STATISTICS AB Brittle polycrystalline materials such as rocks, ceramics, and certain metals contain microcracks that can grow and coalesce Linder sufficiently high stress, resulting in failure and, possibly, fragmentation. Such processes are idealized in this paper by treating the cracks as circular disks whose coalescence forms clusters and can terminate growth after a number of intersections. A non-linear recurrence relation for the probability of cluster size is developed and solved by means of a generating function, providing information on the mean size of the crack clusters and the standard deviation. This solution leads to a simple expression for the percolation threshold. The probability of clusters of size it is also determined. Above the percolation threshold the probabilities of finite and infinite clusters are treated separately. Explicit expressions for the probabilities can be approximated by taking a Laplace transform in a simple case, thus clarifying the behaviour of the solution. Appendices show the relation of the theory to practical problems, Monte Carlo approaches, the probability of infinite Clusters, and discuss the uniqueness of solutions to such geometrical problems, i.e. Bertrand's Paradox. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dienes, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM janos@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1545-2255 J9 STRUCT CONTROL HLTH JI Struct. Control. Health Monit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1002/stc.126 PG 21 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 015YN UT WOS:000235587600011 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Park, G Allen, DW Todd, MD AF Farrar, CR Park, G Allen, DW Todd, MD TI Sensor network paradigms for structural health monitoring SO STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; sensors; active-sensing; statistical pattern recognition AB Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the process of detecting damage in structures. The goal of SHM is to improve the safety and reliability of aerospace, civil and mechanical infrastructure by detecting damage before it reaches a critical state. A specific topic that has not been extensively addressed in the SHM literature is the development of rigorous approaches to designing the SHM sensing system that is used to address the data acquisition portion of the problem. To date, almost all such system designs are done somewhat in an ad hoe manner where the engineer picks a sensing system that is readily available and that they are familiar with, and then attempts to demonstrate that a specific type of damage can be detected with that system. In many cases this approach has been shown to be ineffective and as a result researchers have begun to develop sensor networks specially suited for SHM. Based oil this research, several sensor network paradigms for SHM have emerged, and this paper is intended to provide an overview of these paradigms. This paper will first provide a brief summary of the statistical pattern recognition approach to SHM problem. The data acquisition portion of the paradigm is then addressed in detail where the various parameters of the system that must be considered in its design and subsequent field deployment are summarized. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Mail Stop T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1545-2255 J9 STRUCT CONTROL HLTH JI Struct. Control. Health Monit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 210 EP 225 DI 10.1002/stc.125 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 015YN UT WOS:000235587600013 ER PT J AU Segalman, DJ AF Segalman, DJ TI Modelling joint friction in structural dynamics SO STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING LA English DT Article DE joints; frictional damping; structural dynamics ID BOLTED JOINTS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMS; HYSTERESIS; MICROSLIP AB The presence of mechanical joints-typified by the lap joint-in otherwise linear structures has been accommodated in structural dynamics via ad hoc methods for a century. The methods range from tuning linear models to approximate non-linear behaviour in restricted load ranges to various methods which introduce joint dissipation in a post-processing stage. Other methods, employing constitutive models for the joints are being developed and their routine use is on the horizon. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov NR 55 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1545-2255 J9 STRUCT CONTROL HLTH JI Struct. Control. Health Monit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 430 EP 453 DI 10.1002/stc.119 PG 24 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 015YN UT WOS:000235587600025 ER PT J AU Tan, K Duquette, M Liu, JH Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Wang, JH Lawler, J AF Tan, K Duquette, M Liu, JH Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Wang, JH Lawler, J TI The structures of the thrombospondin-1 N-terminal domain and its complex with a synthetic pentameric heparin SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; BINDING DOMAIN; TYPE-1 REPEATS; PROTEIN; RECEPTOR; RECOGNITION; INTEGRIN; MODULES; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; INTERNALIZATION AB The N-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1 (TSPN-1) mediates the protein's interaction with (1) glycosaminoglycans, calreticulin, and integrins during cellular adhesion, (2) low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein during uptake and clearance, and (3) fibrinogen during platelet aggregation. The crystal structure of TSPN-1 to 1.8 angstrom resolution is a beta sandwich with 13 antiparallel beta strands and 1 irregular strand-like segment. Unique structural features of the N- and C-terminal regions, and the disulfide bond location, distinguish TSPN-1 from the laminin G domain and other concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases superfamily members. The crystal structure of the complex of TSPN-1 with heparin indicates that residues R29, R42, and R77 in an extensive positively charged patch at the bottom of the domain specifically associate with the sulfate groups of heparin. The TSPN-1 structure and identified adjacent linker region provide a structural framework for the analysis of the TSPN domain of various molecules, including TSPs, NELLs, many collagens, TSPEAR, and kielin. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Canc Biol & Angiogenesis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jwang@red.dfci.harvard.edu; jlawler@bidmc.harvard.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL49081, HL68003, R01 HL049081, R01 HL049081-07, R01 HL049081-09, R01 HL068003, R01 HL068003-04] NR 50 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.09.017 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 003MA UT WOS:000234685100006 PM 16407063 ER PT J AU Lamb, DC Kim, YC Yermalitskaya, LV Yermalitsky, VN Lepesheva, GI Kelly, SL Waterman, MR Podust, LM AF Lamb, DC Kim, YC Yermalitskaya, LV Yermalitsky, VN Lepesheva, GI Kelly, SL Waterman, MR Podust, LM TI A second FMN binding site in yeast NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase suggests a mechanism of electron transfer by diflavin reductases SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC NADH-CYTOCHROME-B5 REDUCTASE; ANIONIC FLAVIN SEMIQUINONE; UNUSUAL REDOX PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; P-450 REDUCTASE; TRANSFER FLAVOPROTEIN; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; NADPH-CYTOCHROME-P-450 REDUCTASE; METHYLOPHILUS-METHYLOTROPHUS; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS AB NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase transfers two reducing equivalents derived from a hydride ion of NADPH via FAD and FMN to the large family of microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in one-electron transfer steps. The mechanism of electron transfer by diflavin reductases remains elusive and controversial. Here, we determined the crystal structure of truncated yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, which is functionally active toward its physiological substrate cytochrome P450, and discovered a second FMN binding site at the interface of the connecting and FMN binding domains. The two FMN binding sites have different accessibilities to the bulk solvent and different amino acid environments, suggesting stabilization of different electronic structures of the reduced flavin. Since only one FMN cofactor is required for function, a hypothetical mechanism of electron transfer is discussed that proposes shuttling of a single FMN between these two sites coupled with the transition between two serniquinone forms, neutral (blue) and anionic (red). C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Wales Swansea, Swansea Med Sch, Wolfson Lab P450 Biodivers, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Podust, LM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM larissa.m.podust@vanderbilt.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00267]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM067871, GM37942]; Wellcome Trust NR 65 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.09.015 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 003MA UT WOS:000234685100008 PM 16407065 ER PT J AU Stroud, JC Wu, YQ Bates, DL Han, AD Nowick, K Paabo, S Tong, H Chen, L AF Stroud, JC Wu, YQ Bates, DL Han, AD Nowick, K Paabo, S Tong, H Chen, L TI Structure of the forkhead domain of FOXP2 bound to DNA SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; CELL-CELL ADHESION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BINDING DOMAIN; NUCLEAR FACTOR; HELIX PROTEIN; GENE; MUTATIONS; ENTEROPATHY; FAMILY AB FOXP (FOXP1-4) is a newly defined subfamily of the forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors. A mutation in the FOXP2 forkhead domain cosegregates with a severe speech disorder, whereas several mutations in the FOXP3 forkhead domain are linked to the IPEX syndrome in human and a similar autoimmune phenotype in mice. Here we report a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of the forkhead domain of human FOXP2 bound to DNA. This structure allows us to revise the previously proposed DNA recognition mechanism and provide a unifying model of DNA binding for the FOX family of proteins. Our studies also reveal that the FOXP2 forkhead domain can form a domain-swapped dimer, made possible by a strategic substitution of a highly conserved proline in conventional FOX proteins with alanine in the P subfamily. Disease-causing mutations in FOXP2 and FOXP3 map either to the DNA binding surface or the domain-swapping dimer interface, functionally corroborating the crystal structure. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tong@cars.uchicago.edu; lin.chen@colorado.edu RI Chen, Lin/A-3392-2008; Stroud, James/B-3230-2012 OI Stroud, James/0000-0003-0850-4812 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008759, R01 GM077320] NR 40 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JAN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.10.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 003MA UT WOS:000234685100018 PM 16407075 ER PT J AU Vaughan, DJ Rosso, KM AF Vaughan, David J. Rosso, Kevin M. TI Chemical bonding in sulfide minerals SO SULFIDE MINERALOLGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORBITAL BINDING-ENERGIES; VALENCE-BAND STRUCTURES; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; SULFUR K-EDGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EMISSION SPECTRA; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vaughan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM david.vaughan@manchester.ac.uk; kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 155 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2006 VL 61 BP 231 EP 264 DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.61.5 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BFD04 UT WOS:000241098200005 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Vaughan, DJ AF Rosso, Kevin M. Vaughan, David J. TI Sulfide mineral surfaces SO SULFIDE MINERALOLGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL-DICHALCOGENIDE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; IRON PYRITE FES2; STRUCTURE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LAYERED COMPOUNDS MOS2 C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov; david.vaughan@manchester.ac.uk NR 193 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2006 VL 61 BP 505 EP 556 DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.61.9 PG 52 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BFD04 UT WOS:000241098200009 ER PT S AU Rosso, KM Vaughan, DJ AF Rosso, Kevin M. Vaughan, David J. BE Vaughan, DJ TI Reactivity of sulfide mineral surfaces SO SULFIDE MINERALOLGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FRACTURED PYRITE SURFACES; ETHYL XANTHATE ADSORPTION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AB-INITIO; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov; david.vaughan@manchester.ac.uk NR 181 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 24 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-73-1 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2006 VL 61 BP 557 EP 607 DI 10.2138/rmg.2006.61.10 PG 51 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BFD04 UT WOS:000241098200010 ER PT S AU Campbell, RB Cuneo, ME Hanson, DL Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA Porter, JL Slutz, SA Vesey, RA AF Campbell, R. B. Cuneo, M. E. Hanson, D. L. Matzen, M. K. Mehlhorn, T. A. Porter, J. L. Slutz, S. A. Vesey, R. A. BE Batani, D Lontano, M TI Fast ignition studies at Sandia National Laboratories SO Superstrong Fields in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY SEP 19-24, 2005 CL Varenna, ITALY SP European Cooperat Field Sci & Tech Res, Univ Milano Bicocca, Int Ctr Promot Sci & ISPP, Plasma Phys Inst P Caldirola, Natl Res Council DE fast ignition; fusion; Z-pinch; Z-beamlet; GEKKO/PW/ ID Z-BEAMLET; FUSION; LASER; CAPSULES; DENSITY; PLASMA AB This talk will describe ongoing and planned fast ignition theoretical and experimental work using the Z-machine in concert with the upgraded Z-Beamlet/PW laser system. Z can produce x-ray powers of 100-250TW, x-ray energies 1-1.8MJ, and > 200eV radiation temperatures and thus represents an interesting platform for compressing large quantities of matter for use as fast ignition targets. Soon Z will undergo refurbishment, and the resulting parameters for Z-R are even more interesting. The Z-Beamlet system is currently undergoing short pulse conversion with the plan that Z-Beamlet/PW will deliver 0.5-2 kJ in 0.5-10 psec in FY07 when Z-R will be available. Numerical simulations of laser/plasma interaction, electron transport, and ion generation at relevant densities are being performed using LSP, a 3D implicit hybrid PIC code. LASNEX simulations of the compression of deuterium/tritium fuel in various reentrant cone geometries are being performed. Analytic and numerical modeling has been performed to determine the conditions required for fast ignition breakeven scaling. These theoretical results indicate that to achieve fusion output equal to the energy deposited by fast particles will require about 5% of the laser energy needed for ignition and might be an achievable goal (within a factor of 2) with Z-Beamlet/PW. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Campbell, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0319-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 827 BP 140 EP 151 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BEF00 UT WOS:000237057200015 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Kusche, KP Pavlishin, IV Yakimenko, V Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Kimura, WD Steinhauer, LC Kallos, E Katsouleas, T Muggli, P Zigler, A Banna, S Schachter, L Cline, DB Zhou, F Kamiya, Y Kumita, T AF Pogorelsky, I. V. Babzien, M. Ben-Zvi, I. Kusche, K. P. Pavlishin, I. V. Yakimenko, V. Dilley, C. E. Gottschalk, S. C. Kimura, W. D. Steinhauer, L. C. Kallos, E. Katsouleas, T. Muggli, P. Zigler, A. Banna, S. Schachter, L. Cline, D. B. Zhou, F. Kamiya, Y. Kumita, T. BE Batani, D Lontano, M TI Femtosecond microbunched electron beam - A new tool for advanced accelerator research SO Superstrong Fields in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY SEP 19-24, 2005 CL Varenna, ITALY SP European Cooperat Field Sci & Tech Res, Univ Milano Bicocca, Int Ctr Promot Sci & ISPP, Plasma Phys Inst P Caldirola, Natl Res Council DE electron; laser; acceleration; plasma; x-rays; scattering ID RESONANT MEDIUM; PLASMA AB We employed periodic trains of femtosecond electron bunches for testing several novel concepts of acceleration. A microwave-driven linac sends a 45-MeV electron beam (e-beam) through a magnetic wiggler wherein the e-beam energy is modulated via the inverse free electron laser (IFEL) technique by interacting with a 30-GW CO2 laser beam, so creating 3 fs long microbunches separated by a 30 fs laser period. We show several examples of utilizing such a femtosecond bunch train in advanced accelerator and radiation source research. We demonstrated that microbunching improves the performance of the laser acceleration process compared to the previously investigated single-bunch technique. Specifically, microbunches were phased to the electromagnetic wave of the CO2 laser beam inside a matched tapered wiggler where similar to 80% of electrons gained energy as an ensemble while maintaining a narrow energy spread (i.e., monoenergetic). Another plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) experiment explored resonant wakefield excitation in an electric discharge plasma with the plasma frequency matched to that of the CO2 laser. Simulations predict orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the wakefield's amplitude compared with that attained with single bunches. In the Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (PASER) experiment, we tested a prediction that an active laser medium can produce particle acceleration by stimulating the emission of radiation. The process benefits from the action of a periodic train of microbunches resonating with the laser transition. Finally, we analyze prospects for using partially coherent x-ray sources based on Thomson backscattering from the electron microbunch train. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014 OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0319-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 827 BP 297 EP 307 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BEF00 UT WOS:000237057200029 ER PT S AU Fill, EE Trushin, S Tommasini, R Bruch, R AF Fill, Ernst E. Trushin, Sergei Tommasini, Riccardo Bruch, Reinhard BE Batani, D Lontano, M TI Electron diffraction experiments using laser plasma electrons SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY SEP 19-24, 2005 CL Varenna, ITALY SP European Cooperat Field Sci & Tech Res, Univ Milano Bicocca, Int Ctr Promot Sci & ISPP, Plasma Phys Inst P Caldirola, Natl Res Council ID TRANSIENT MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; PULSES AB We demonstrate that electrons emitted from a laser plasma can be used to generate diffraction patterns in reflection and transmission. The electrons are emitted in the direction of laser polarization with energies of up to 100 keV. The broad electron energy spectrum makes it possible to generate a "streaked" diffraction pattern which allows fast processes to be recorded in a single run. C1 [Fill, Ernst E.; Trushin, Sergei] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bruch, Reinhard] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Fill, EE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FU363/1]; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; Commission of the European Communities FX We thank W. Folsner for help in handling the samples. R. Bruch is grateful to the University of Nevada Reno for granting him sabbatical leave. S. Trushin thanks Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a research fellowship (project FU363/1). R. Tommasini's work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. This work was supported in part by the Commission of the European Communities in the framework of the Euratom/Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik Association. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0319-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 827 BP 320 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BEF00 UT WOS:000237057200031 ER PT S AU Ryutov, DD Remington, BA AF Ryutov, D. D. Remington, B. A. BE Batani, D Lontano, M TI Optimizing laboratory experiments for dynamic astrophysical phenomena SO Superstrong Fields in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY SEP 19-24, 2005 CL Varenna, ITALY SP European Cooperat Field Sci & Tech Res, Univ Milano Bicocca, Int Ctr Promot Sci & ISPP, Plasma Phys Inst P Caldirola, Natl Res Council DE ultra-intense lasers; laboratory astrophysics; scaling laws ID INTENSE LASERS; INSTABILITY; SIMILARITY; SIMULATION; CRITERIA AB To make laboratory experiments an efficient tool for the studying the dynamical astrophysical phenomena, it is desirable to perform them in such a way as to satisfy the scaling invariance with respect to the astrophysical system under study. Several examples are presented of such scalings in the area of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, where a number of scaled experiments have been performed. A difficult issue of the effect of fine-scale dissipative structures on the global scale dissipation-free flow is discussed. The second part of the paper is concerned with much less developed area of the scalings relevant to the interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a pre-formed plasma. The use of the symmetry arguments in such experiments is also considered. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0319-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 827 BP 341 EP 352 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BEF00 UT WOS:000237057200033 ER PT S AU Bickmore, BR Rosso, KM Mitchell, SC AF Bickmore, B. R. Rosso, K. M. Mitchell, S. C. BE Lutzenkirchen, J TI Is there hope for Multi-Site Complexation (MUSIC) modeling? SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING SE Interface Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; SOLUTION INTERFACE; SURFACE-CHARGE; WATER; PREDICTION; OXIDE; (HYDR)OXIDES; PROTONATION; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION C1 [Bickmore, B. R.; Mitchell, S. C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bickmore, BR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4285 BN 978-0-08-046778-8 J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO PY 2006 VL 11 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCU32 UT WOS:000311431200010 ER PT S AU Boily, JF AF Boily, J. -F. BE Lutzenkirchen, J TI Molecular-Level Thermodynamic Models for the Origin and Distribution of Charge at the Metal Oxide/Water Interface SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING SE Interface Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENZENECARBOXYLATE SURFACE COMPLEXATION; GOETHITE (ALPHA-FEOOH)/WATER INTERFACE; SEMICONDUCTING MINERAL SURFACES; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE; SITE-BINDING MODEL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION ADSORPTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4285 BN 978-0-08-046778-8 J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO PY 2006 VL 11 BP 284 EP 300 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCU32 UT WOS:000311431200011 ER PT S AU Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA Ridley, MK Benezeth, P Lvov, SN Fedkin, MV AF Machesky, M. L. Wesolowski, D. J. Palmer, D. A. Ridley, M. K. Benezeth, P. Lvov, S. N. Fedkin, M. V. BE Lutzenkirchen, J TI Ion adsorption into the hydrothermal regime: Experimental and modeling approaches SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING SE Interface Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE; OXIDE-SOLUTION INTERFACE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ZERO CHARGE; SODIUM TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE C1 [Machesky, M. L.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.; Palmer, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ridley, M. K.; Lvov, S. N.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Benezeth, P.] Univ Toulouse 3, LMTG, CNRS UMR5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Lvov, S. N.; Fedkin, M. V.] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Geoenvironm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Machesky, ML (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4285 BN 978-0-08-046778-8 J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO PY 2006 VL 11 BP 324 EP 358 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCU32 UT WOS:000311431200013 ER PT S AU Sahai, N Rosso, KM AF Sahai, N. Rosso, K. M. BE Lutzenkirchen, J TI Computational molecular basis for improved silica surface complexation models SO SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING SE Interface Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE SOLUTION; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; ION HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; RUTILE 110 SURFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AMORPHOUS SILICA C1 [Sahai, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sahai, N (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 139 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4285 BN 978-0-08-046778-8; 978-0-12-372572-1 J9 INTERFACE SCI TECHNO PY 2006 VL 11 BP 359 EP 396 PG 38 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCU32 UT WOS:000311431200014 ER PT S AU Serrano, JR Phinney, LM Kearney, SP AF Serrano, Justin R. Phinney, Leslie M. Kearney, Sean P. BE Bull, SJ Chalker, PR Chen, SC Meng, WJ Maboudian, R TI Micro-Raman evaluation of polycrystalline silicon MEMS devices SO Surface Engineering for Manufacturing Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering for Manufacturing Applications held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THERMAL FLEXURE ACTUATOR; ELECTROTHERMAL ACTUATORS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING AB Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for thermometry of operational polysilicon MEMS devices. By using the temperature-calibrated response of the optical phonon peak of the polysilicon Raman signature and the micron-scale spatial resolution achieved with a 488 nm Ar+ laser Raman probe, we have obtained spatially resolved steady-state thermal profiles of Joule-heated thermal flexure actuators. The measured thermal profiles are further compared to one-dimensional numerical models of the thermal response of the electrically heated devices. C1 Engn Sci Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serrano, JR (reprint author), Engn Sci Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-844-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 890 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEG49 UT WOS:000237223800018 ER PT B AU Wang, JAJ Wright, IG Lance, MJ Liu, KC AF Wang, Jy-An John Wright, Ian G. Lance, Michael J. Liu, Ken C. BE Jackson, MJ Ahmed, W TI Interface Fracture Toughness Evaluation for MA956 Oxide Film SO SURFACE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Surface Engineering Congress (ISEC) CY AUG 01-03, 2005 CL St Paul, MN SP ASM Int DE interface fracture toughness; thin film coating material; composite material; spiral notch; torsion test ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; BIMATERIAL INTERFACES; CRACKS; MECHANISMS; STRESS; MODE; INSTABILITY; OXIDATION; STRENGTH AB A material configuration of central importance in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and thermal barrier coating technology is a thin or thick film of one material deposited onto a substrate of a different material. Fabrication of such a structure inevitably gives rise to stress in the film due to lattice mismatch, differing coefficients of thermal expansion, chemical reactions, or other physical effects. Therefore, in general, the weakest link in this composite system often resides at the interface between the film and substrate. In order to make multi-layered electronic devices and structural composites with long-term reliability, the fracture behavior of the material interfaces must be known. A new approach of using a spiral notch torsion fracture toughness test system for evaluating interface fracture toughness are described herein. This innovative technology for measuring interface toughness was demonstrated for oxide scales formed on high-temperature alloys of MA956. The estimated energy release rate (in terms of J-integral) at the interface of the alumina scale and MA956 substrate is 3.7 N-m/m(2), and the estimated equivalent Mode I fracture toughness is 1.1 MPa(root m). C1 [Wang, Jy-An John; Wright, Ian G.; Lance, Michael J.; Liu, Ken C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JAJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016; OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-835-9 PY 2006 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BPY35 UT WOS:000280332900013 ER PT B AU Guillen, DP Yoder, TS AF Guillen, Donna Post Yoder, Timothy S. BE Jackson, MJ TI Specification of Surface Roughness for Hydraulic Flow Test Plates SO SURFACE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Surface Engineering Congress (ISEC) CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP ASM Int AB A study was performed to determine the surface roughness of the corrosion layer on aluminum clad booster fuel plates for the proposed Gas Test Loop system to be incorporated into the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory. A representative sample coupon autoclaved with the ATR driver fuel to produce a protective aluminum hydroxide coating on the cladding surface was obtained. The coupon was analyzed using optical profilometry to determine the mean surface roughness, a parameter that can have significant impact on the coolant flow past the fuel plates. This information was used to specify the surface finish of flow test plates for a hydraulic flow test model. The purpose of the flow test is to obtain loss coefficients describing the resistance of the coolant flow paths, which are necessary for accurate thermal hydraulic analyses of the water-cooled booster fuel assembly. A sensitivity study was performed to assess the effect of the fuel plate surface roughness on coolant temperature, coolant flow rate, and fuel temperature for the booster fuel assembly in the current Gas Test Loop design. C1 [Guillen, Donna Post; Yoder, Timothy S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Guillen, DP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Donna.Guillen@inl.gov RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-843-4 PY 2006 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BPD40 UT WOS:000278561800019 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Yan, F Wabuyele, MB AF Vo-Dinh, Tuan Yan, Fei Wabuyele, Musundi B. TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for biomedical diagnostics and molecular imaging SO SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SILVER ELECTRODE; SINGLE MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; SERS; SPECTROMETRY; DNA; MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS; CELLS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photon, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photon, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM vodint@ornl.gov RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 409 EP 426 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFD05 UT WOS:000241099100022 ER PT J AU Park, HY Driskell, JD Kwarta, KM Lipert, RJ Porter, MD Schoen, C Neill, JD Ridpath, JF AF Park, Hye-Young Driskell, Jeremy D. Kwarta, Karen M. Lipert, Robert J. Porter, Marc D. Schoen, Christian Neill, John D. Ridpath, Julia F. TI Ultrasensitive immunoassays based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering by immunogold labels SO SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE SILVER NANOPARTICLES; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PLASMON RESONANCE; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULES C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatoria Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Concurrent Analyt Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Park, HY (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatoria Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 85 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2006 VL 103 BP 427 EP 446 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFD05 UT WOS:000241099100023 ER PT J AU Zhao, XY Hrbek, J Rodriguez, JA Perez, M AF Zhao, XY Hrbek, J Rodriguez, JA Perez, M TI Reaction of SO2 with Cu/TiO2 (110): Effects of size and metal-oxide interactions in the chemical activation of Cu nanoparticles SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sulphur dioxide; sulphur; copper; titania; surface reaction; photoemission spectroscopy ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TIO2(110) SURFACES; AU NANOPARTICLES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ULTRATHIN CU; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; GOLD AB The reaction Of SO2 with stoichiometric TiO2(110), partially reduced TiO2-x(110) and Cu/TiO2(110) was investigated using synchrotron based X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. SO2 adsorbs on perfect TiO2(110) forming SO4 species at room temperature, while SO2 dissociatively adsorbs on partially reduced TiO2-x(110) forming SO4, SO3 as well as two sulfide species. SO2 exposure to Cu particles supported on perfect TiO2(110) can lead to the formation Of SO4, SO3 and sulfide species. When depositing Cu on SO4/TiO2(110) at room temperature, the dissociation efficiency of Cu atoms is much higher than that of Cu deposited on TiO2(110) prior to SO2 dosing. The post-deposited Cu atoms can efficiently contact and react with S04 species before they form Cu-Cu bonds and big clusters. Small Cu nanoparticles supported on TiO2(110) are more reactive towards SO2 than surfaces of bulk copper. The chemical reactivity of the Cu/TiO2(110) system increases with Cu coverage until reaching a maximum at theta(Cu) = 0.5-0.8 ML. After this point, an increase in Cu coverage leads to the formation of big Cu particles and the reactivity of the system decrease to that typical of bulk Cu. A comparison with results for SO2/Cu/MgO(001) indicates that the effects of size and metal <-> oxide interactions are important for the chemical activation of Cu nanoparticles on titania. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 55, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 1 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.suse.2005.10.017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007DJ UT WOS:000234948000023 ER PT S AU Moens, L AF Moens, L. BE Abraham, MA TI Renewable Feedstocks SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: DEFINING PRINCIPLES SE Sustainability Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIOMASS; CHEMICALS; FUEL; BIOTECHNOLOGY; SUBSTITUTION; FUTURE; ENERGY; FOSSIL C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moens, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-2711 BN 978-0-08-048127-2 J9 SUSTAIN SCI ENG PY 2006 VL 1 BP 177 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S1871-2711(05)01009-3 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BCO04 UT WOS:000310812900011 ER PT S AU Glicksman, L Norford, L Greden, L AF Glicksman, Leon Norford, Leslie Greden, Lara BE Glicksman, L Lin, J TI CHINA - ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE SO SUSTAINABLE URBAN HOUSING IN CHINA: PRINCIPLES AND CASE STUDIES FOR LOW-ENERGY DESIGN SE Alliance for Global Sustainability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS; PROGRESS C1 [Glicksman, Leon] MIT, Bldg Technol Program, Dept Architecture, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Norford, Leslie] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Norford, Leslie] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Glicksman, L (reprint author), MIT, Bldg Technol Program, Dept Architecture, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-4780 BN 978-1-4020-4786-2 J9 ALLIANCE GLOB SUSTAI PY 2006 VL 9 BP 8 EP 21 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4786-2 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA BLN64 UT WOS:000270595500004 ER PT S AU Norford, L AF Norford, Leslie BE Glicksman, L Lin, J TI LOW-ENERGY BUILDING DESIGN SO SUSTAINABLE URBAN HOUSING IN CHINA: PRINCIPLES AND CASE STUDIES FOR LOW-ENERGY DESIGN SE Alliance for Global Sustainability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VENTILATION; THAILAND; COMFORT C1 [Norford, Leslie] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Norford, Leslie] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Norford, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-4780 BN 978-1-4020-4786-2 J9 ALLIANCE GLOB SUSTAI PY 2006 VL 9 BP 76 EP 99 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4786-2 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA BLN64 UT WOS:000270595500007 ER PT S AU Norford, L AF Norford, Leslie BE Glicksman, L Lin, J TI LIGHT AND SHADING SO SUSTAINABLE URBAN HOUSING IN CHINA: PRINCIPLES AND CASE STUDIES FOR LOW-ENERGY DESIGN SE Alliance for Global Sustainability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Norford, Leslie] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Norford, Leslie] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Norford, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-4780 BN 978-1-4020-4786-2 J9 ALLIANCE GLOB SUSTAI PY 2006 VL 9 BP 124 EP 133 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4786-2 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA BLN64 UT WOS:000270595500010 ER PT S AU Louck, JD AF Louck, James D. BE Lulek, T Wal, A Lulek, B TI Beyond Lie algebras and group representations: combinatorics SO Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter (SSPCM 2005): Proceedings of the 8th International School on Theoretical Physics SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International School on Theoretical Physics CY AUG 31-SEP 07, 2005 CL Myczkowce, POLAND SP Rzeszow Univ Technol, Lab Phys Fdn Informat Proc ID SYMMETRY AB While acknowledging the extraordinary influence and profound implications of symmetry methods in physics, we argue that these methods have a broader setting in enumerative combinatorics. This is illustrated in several ways by explicit results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louck, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 30 BP 60 EP 72 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/30/1/010 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BEM08 UT WOS:000238091900010 ER PT J AU Klocke, M Mundt, K Idler, C McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Barth, S AF Klocke, M Mundt, K Idler, C McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Barth, S TI Monitoring Lactobacillus plantarum in grass silages with the aid of 16S rDNA-based quantitative real-time PCR assays SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lactobacillus plantarum; silage; starter culture; silage additive; quantitative real-time PCR; 16S rDNA; TaqMan (R) probe; 5 '-exonuclease assay ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INTERGENIC SPACER REGION; 16S-23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; STRAINS; INOCULANTS AB Ensiling plant material with the aid of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a common agricultural practice for conserving forages independently of the time point of harvest. Despite ensiling being a naturally process, it can be improved by the treatment of the harvested forage with starter cultures before storage. Within this context, Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is the most frequently used LAB in commercially available starter cultures. In order to enable the monitoring of the population dynamics of L. plantarum in silage, methods for species-specific detection based on the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence were developed by applying a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) approach. The QRT-PCR assay was also applied to estimate the development of the L, plantarum population within experimental grass silages. In addition, a multiplex QRT-PCR assay was developed to estimate the amount of L. plantarum 16S rDNA in relation to total bacterial 16S rDNA. This multiplex QRT-PCR assay was applied to monitor the influence of different silage additives on the L. plantarum population. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Leibnitz Inst Agr Engn Potsdam Bornim, ATB, Dept Bioengn, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Ind Microbiol, Dublin 2, Ireland. TEAGASC, Grange Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Klocke, M (reprint author), Leibnitz Inst Agr Engn Potsdam Bornim, ATB, Dept Bioengn, Max Eyth Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. EM mklocke@atb-potsdam.de RI Barth, Susanne/P-3366-2014 OI Barth, Susanne/0000-0002-4104-5964 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.06.001 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 013EZ UT WOS:000235393900008 PM 16423656 ER PT S AU Linder, EV AF Linder, Eric V. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A TI Seeing darkness: the new cosmology SO TAUP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN AB We present some useful ways to visualize the nature of dark energy and the effects of the accelerating expansion on cosmological quantities. Expansion probes such as Type la supernovae distances and growth probes such as weak gravitational lensing and the evolution of large scale structure provide powerful tests in complementarity. We present a "ladder" diagram, showing that in addition to dramatic improvements in precision, next generation probes will provide insight through an increasing ability to test assumptions of the cosmological framework, including gravity beyond general relativity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700013 ER PT S AU Zioutas, K Dennerl, K Grande, M Hoffmann, DHH Huovelin, J Lakic, B Orlando, S Ortiz, A Papaevangelou, T Semertzidis, Y Tzamarias, S Vilhu, O AF Zioutas, K. Dennerl, K. Grande, M. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Huovelin, J. Lakic, B. Orlando, S. Ortiz, A. Papaevangelou, Th Semertzidis, Y. Tzamarias, Sp Vilhu, O. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A TI Indirect signatures for axion(-like) particles SO TAUP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN ID PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; X-RAY; SUNSPOTS AB Magnetic field dependent transient solar observations are suggestive for axion-photon oscillations with light axion(-like) particle involvement. Novel dark-moon measurements with the SMART X-ray detectors can be conclusive for radiatively decaying massive exotica like the generic solar Kaluza-Klein (KK) axions. Furthermore, the predicted intrinsic strong solar magnetic fields could be the reason of enhanced low energy axion production. Such an axion component could be the as yet unknown origin of the strong quiet Sun X-ray luminosity at energies below similar to 1 keV. Solar axion telescopes should lower their threshold, aiming to copy processes that might occur near the solar surface, be it due to spontaneous or magnetically induced radiative decay of axion(-like) particles. This is motivated also by the recent claim of Ad an axion-like particle detection by the laser experiment PVLAS. C1 [Zioutas, K.] Univ Patras, Dept Phys, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. [Zioutas, K.; Papaevangelou, Th] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Dennerl, K.] MPE, Garching, Germany. [Grande, M.] RAL, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Hoffmann, D. H. H.] TU, IKP, Darmstadt, Germany. [Huovelin, J.; Vilhu, O.] Univ Helsinki, Observ, Helsinki, Finland. [Lakic, B.] RBI, Zagreb, Croatia. [Orlando, S.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Ortiz, A.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Semertzidis, Y.] BNL, New York, NY 11973 USA. [Tzamarias, Sp] HOU, Patras, Greece. RP Zioutas, K (reprint author), Univ Patras, Dept Phys, GR-26110 Patras, Greece. EM zioutas@physics.upatras.gr RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; OI Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Orlando, Salvatore/0000-0003-2836-540X; Huovelin, Juhani/0000-0002-6276-5776 FU LIAS (Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science); EU [EU-RII3-CT-2004-506222] FX This work was partially supported by the ILIAS (Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science) project funded by the EU under contract EU-RII3-CT-2004-506222. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 103 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/020 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700020 ER PT S AU Aprile, E Giboni, KL Kamat, S Ni, K Singh, BK Yamashita, M Gaitskell, RJ Sorensen, P de Viveiros, L Gomez, R Oberlack, U Shagin, P Bolozdynya, A Dahl, E Kwong, J Shutt, T Angle, J Baudis, L Manalaysay, A Orboeck, J Hasty, R Manzur, A McKinsey, D Bernstein, A Madden, N Winant, C Arneodo, F Ferella, A Lopes, JAM Santos, J AF Aprile, E. Giboni, K. L. Kamat, S. Ni, K. Singh, B. K. Yamashita, M. Gaitskell, R. J. Sorensen, P. de Viveiros, L. Gomez, R. Oberlack, U. Shagin, P. Bolozdynya, A. Dahl, E. Kwong, J. Shutt, T. Angle, J. Baudis, L. Manalaysay, A. Orboeck, J. Hasty, R. Manzur, A. McKinsey, D. Bernstein, A. Madden, N. Winant, C. Arneodo, F. Ferella, A. Matias Lopes, J. A. Santos, J. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A TI The XENON dark matter search: status of XENON10 SO TAUP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN ID WIMPS AB The XENON experiment searches for dark matter particles called WIMPs using liquid xenon (LXe) as the active target. The detector is a 3D position sensitive Time Projection Chamber optimized to simultaneously measure the ionization and scintillation produced by a recoil event of energy as low as 16 keV. The distinct ratio of the two signals for nuclear recoils arising from WIMPs and neutrons and for electron recoils from the dominant gamma-ray background determines its event-by-event discrimination. With 1 ton of LXe distributed in ten identical modules, the proposed XENON1T experiment will achieve a sensitivity more than a factor of thousand beyond current limits. A phased program will test a 10 kg detector (XENON10) followed by a 100 kg (XENON100) one as unit module for the XENON1T scale experiment. We review the progress of the XENON R&D phase before presenting the status of XENON10. The experiment will be based at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and is expected to start data taking in early 2006. C1 [Aprile, E.; Giboni, K. L.; Kamat, S.; Ni, K.; Singh, B. K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gaitskell, R. J.; Sorensen, P.; de Viveiros, L.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gomez, R.; Oberlack, U.; Shagin, P.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bolozdynya, A.; Dahl, E.; Kwong, J.; Shutt, T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Angle, J.; Baudis, L.; Manalaysay, A.; Orboeck, J.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hasty, R.; Manzur, A.; McKinsey, D.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bernstein, A.; Madden, N.; Winant, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Arneodo, F.; Ferella, A.] Gran Sasso Natl Lab, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. [Matias Lopes, J. A.; Santos, J.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Aprile, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM age@astro.columbia.edu RI de Viveiros, Luiz/M-9205-2013; Arneodo, Francesco/E-5061-2015; MATIAS-LOPES, JOSE/H-6074-2012; OI de Viveiros, Luiz/0000-0002-7038-2361; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; MATIAS-LOPES, JOSE/0000-0002-6366-2963; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523; Ferella, Alfredo Davide/0000-0002-6006-9160 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/021 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700021 ER PT S AU Girard, TA Giuliani, F Morlat, T Collar, JI Limagne, D Waysand, G Puibasset, J Miley, HS Auguste, M Boyer, D Cavaillou, A Marques, JG Oliveira, C Fernandes, AC Ramos, AR Felizardo, M Martins, RC AF Girard, T. A. Giuliani, F. Morlat, T. Collar, J. I. Limagne, D. Waysand, G. Puibasset, J. Miley, H. S. Auguste, M. Boyer, D. Cavaillou, A. Marques, J. G. Oliveira, C. Fernandes, A. C. Ramos, A. R. Felizardo, M. Martins, R. C. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A TI SIMPLE limits on spin-dependent WIMP interactions SO TAUP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN ID DARK-MATTER SEARCH AB An improved SIMPLE experiment comprising four superheated droplet detectors with a total exposure of 0.42 kg.d yields similar to factor 10 improvement in the previously-reported results. Despite the low exposure, the result provides restrictions on the allowed phase space of spin-dependent coupling strengths almost equivalent to those from the significantly larger exposure NAIAD-CDMS/ZEPLIN searches. C1 [Girard, T. A.; Giuliani, F.; Morlat, T.; Marques, J. G.; Fernandes, A. C.; Ramos, A. R.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Collar, J. I.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Limagne, D.; Waysand, G.; Auguste, M.; Boyer, D.] Univ Paris 06, INSP, CNRS, UMR 7588, F-75251 Paris, France. [Limagne, D.] Univ Paris 07, INSP, CNRS, UMR 7588, F-75251 Paris, France. [Waysand, G.; Auguste, M.; Boyer, D.; Cavaillou, A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Marques, J. G.; Oliveira, C.; Fernandes, A. C.; Ramos, A. R.; Felizardo, M.] Inst Technol & Nucl, P-1049953 Sacavem, Portugal. [Felizardo, M.; Martins, R. C.] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Elect, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Girard, TA (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. EM criodets@cii.fc.ul.pt RI Marques, Jose/H-6145-2011; Lopes Ramos Wahl, Ana Rita/C-1337-2012; Fernandes, Ana/A-6974-2013; Oliveira, Carlos/K-2966-2013; Felizardo, Miguel/N-1798-2015; Carneiro Martins, Raul/A-6289-2013; OI Girard, Thomas/0000-0003-4113-880X; Marques, Jose/0000-0002-3724-5664; Lopes Ramos Wahl, Ana Rita/0000-0001-6652-7698; Oliveira, Carlos/0000-0002-1101-5836; Felizardo, Miguel/0000-0002-6458-1428; Carneiro Martins, Raul/0000-0002-9517-5238; Fernandes, Ana/0000-0001-6880-7634 FU Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal [POCTI FP/57834/2004, FNU/43683/2002] FX This work was supported in part by grants POCTI FP/57834/2004 and FNU/43683/2002 of the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal, co-financed by FEDER. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 114 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/023 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700023 ER PT S AU Bolte, WJ Collar, JI Crisler, M Hall, J Krider, J Crum, K Holmgren, D Lei, CM Nakazawa, D Nguyen, H Odom, B O'Sullivan, K Plunkett, R Ramberg, E Raskin, A Rasmussen, J Schmitt, R Sonnenschein, A Szydagisi, M Vieira, JD AF Bolte, W. J. Collar, J. I. Crisler, M. Hall, J. Krider, J. Crum, K. Holmgren, D. Lei, C. M. Nakazawa, D. Nguyen, H. Odom, B. O'Sullivan, K. Plunkett, R. Ramberg, E. Raskin, A. Rasmussen, J. Schmitt, R. Sonnenschein, A. Szydagisi, M. Vieira, J. D. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A TI A bubble chamber for dark matter detection - (the COUPP project status) SO TAUP 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN AB Heavy-liquid bubble chambers can be made stable-enough to be used in searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Advantages of this approach are optimal choice of target liquid-CF3I, maximally sensitive to both spin-dependent (SD) and spin-independent (SI) WIMP interactions, low cost, good scalability, room temperature operation, extraordinary intrinsic rejection of minimally-ionizing backgrounds, and a number of features permitting rejection of irreducible neutron backgrounds. A 2 kg prototype chamber is currently operating at the depth of 300 meters water equivalent (m.w.e.) NuMi gallery of Fermilab. Even with the small prototype mass, results competitive in the SI channel and surpassing current limits in the SD channel are expected. C1 [Bolte, W. J.; Collar, J. I.; Hall, J.; Crum, K.; Nakazawa, D.; Odom, B.; O'Sullivan, K.; Rasmussen, J.; Szydagisi, M.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bolte, W. J.; Collar, J. I.; Hall, J.; Crum, K.; Odom, B.; O'Sullivan, K.; Raskin, A.; Rasmussen, J.; Szydagisi, M.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Crisler, M.; Krider, J.; Holmgren, D.; Lei, C. M.; Nguyen, H.; Plunkett, R.; Ramberg, E.; Schmitt, R.; Sonnenschein, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Bolte, WJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM odom@kicp.uchicago.edu OI Odom, Brian/0000-0002-3992-8864; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Szydagis, Matthew/0000-0002-9334-4659 NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 126 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/027 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700027 ER PT S AU Elliott, SR AF Elliott, Steven R. BA Bottino, A BF Bottino, A CA Majorana collaboration TI The Majorana project SO Taup 2005: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics 2005 CY SEP 10-14, 2005 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY AB The objective of the Majorana experiment is to study neutrinoless double beta decay beta beta(0v) with an effective Majorana-neutrino mass sensitivity near 100 meV in order to characterize the Majorana nature of the neutrino, the Majorana, mass spectrum, and the absolute mass scale. An experimental study of the neutrino mass scale implied by neutrino oscillation results is now technically within our grasp. This exciting physics goal is best pursued using the well-established technique of searching for beta beta(0v) of Ge-76, augmented with recent advances in signal processing and detector design. The Majorana experiment will consist of a large mass of Ge-76 in the form of high-resolution intrinsic germanium detectors located deep underground within a low-background shielding environment. Observation of a sharp peak at the beta beta endpoint will quantify the beta beta(0v) half-life and thus the effective Majorana, mass of the electron neutrino. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Elliott, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 39 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/088 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BFR62 UT WOS:000244037700088 ER PT S AU Wu, Q Zhu, MX Rao, NSV AF Wu, Qishi Zhu, Mengxia Rao, Nageswara S. V. BE Pan, ZG Diener, H Jin, XG Gobel, S Li, L TI System design for on-line distributed computational visualization and steering SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-LEARNING AND DIGITAL ENTERTAINMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment (Edutainment 2006) CY APR 16-19, 2006 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Zhejiang Univ, DEARC, Sch Comp Sci, China Soc Image & Graph, VR Comm, Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou Natl Animat Base, Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab CAD&CG, INI GraphicsNet, Int Journal Virtual Real, IFIF SG 16 Entertainment Comp, Nat Sci Fdn China, Peking Univ, Natl Lab Machine Percept, Bhihang Univ, Key Lab VR Tech MOE, Sun Yatsen Univ, Inst Comp Applicat, Hangzhou Dianzi Univ, Nanjing Normal Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ AB We propose a distributed computing framework for network-optimized visualization and steering of real-time scientific simulations and computations executed on a remote host, such as workstation, cluster or super-computer. Unlike the conventional "batch" simulations, this system enables: (i) monitoring of an on-going remote computation using visualization tools, and (ii) on-line specification of simulation parameters to interactively steer remote computations. Using performance models for transport channels and visualization modules, we develop a dynamic programming method to optimize the realization of the visualization pipeline over a wide-area network to maximize the frame rate. We present experimental results to illustrate the effectiveness of this system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM wuqn@ornl.gov; zhum@ornl.gov; nrao@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-33423-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3942 BP 1121 EP 1130 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEM03 UT WOS:000238089300138 ER PT S AU Qian, ZQ Matter, U Siegmann, HC Fang, JH Polenske, KR AF Qian Zhiqiang Matter, Uli Siegmann, Hans C. Fang Jinghua Polenske, Karen R. BE Polenske, KR TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ULTRAFINE PARTICULATES IN THE COKEMAKING INDUSTRY IN SHANXI PROVINCE SO TECHNOLOGY-ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT-HEALTH (TEEH) CHAIN IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF COKEMAKING SE Alliance for Global Sustainability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG-CANCER; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; AEROSOLS C1 [Qian Zhiqiang] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Suspended Particles & Combust Aerosols, Zurich, Switzerland. [Matter, Uli] Matter Engn AG, CH-5610 Wohlen, Switzerland. [Siegmann, Hans C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Fang Jinghua] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Dept Thermal Engn, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, Peoples R China. [Polenske, Karen R.] MIT, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Polenske, Karen R.] China Cokemaking Team, Cambridge, MA USA. [Qian Zhiqiang] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Solid State Phys Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Qian, ZQ (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Suspended Particles & Combust Aerosols, Zurich, Switzerland. EM qianzhiqiang@sohu.com; umatter@matter-engineering.com; siegmann@slac.stanford.edu; fjh@tyut.edu.cn; krp@mit.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-4780 BN 978-1-4020-4236-2; 978-1-4020-3433-6 J9 ALLIANCE GLOB SUSTAI PY 2006 VL 8 BP 109 EP 131 D2 10.1007/1-4020-4236-1 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BLC47 UT WOS:000269904700008 ER PT S AU Bailey, AG Smirnova, EI Earley, LM Carlsten, BE Maxwell, JL AF Bailey, Aimee G. Smirnova, Evgenya I. Earley, Lawrence M. Carlsten, Bruce E. Maxwell, James L. BE Hwu, RJ Linden, KJ TI Photonic band gap structures for millimeter-wave traveling wave tubes - art. no. 612004 SO Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conferernce on Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics V CY JAN 25-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE photonic band gap (PBG) structures; photonic crystal (PC) fibers; millimeter-wave; traveling wave tube; vacuum electronics; fiber drawing; high-pressure laser chemical vapor deposition (HP-LCVD) AB We propose to use photonic band gap (PBG) structures for constructing traveling wave tubes (TWTs) at 100 GHz, a completely novel approach. Using a PBG fiber allows us to create an all-dielectric slow-wave structure with very large band width and low losses in the mm-wave regime, compared to TWTs made out of metals. Additional capabilities such as mode selectivity are also achievable. We designed two 100 GHz pencil beam PBG TWTs using Ansoft's HFSS, 3D electromagnetic simulation software for high frequency applications. The first design is a periodic array of vacuum rods in a dielectric matrix, with a smaller vacuum rod forming the line defect. A fiber drawing procedure is being utilized to construct this design out of fused silica. The second structure is a periodic array of dielectric rods in a vacuum matrix, surrounding a thick hollow dielectric tube that accommodates the electron beam. This model is being fabricated out of silicon by means of high-pressure laser chemical vapor deposition (HP-LCVD), a versatile approach to synthesize fibers from the vapor phase. Additionally, a scaled 10 GHz cold test made from alumina rods is being produced for design confirmation purposes, and a 100 GHz sheet beam PBG TWT is being investigated for even greater power generation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bailey, AG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Carlsten, Bruce/0000-0001-5619-907X; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6162-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6120 BP 12004 EP 12004 AR 612004 DI 10.1117/12.649396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH54 UT WOS:000237272700003 ER PT S AU Shaner, EA Lee, M Wanke, MC Grine, AD Reno, JL Allen, SJ AF Shaner, E. A. Lee, Mark Wanke, M. C. Grine, A. D. Reno, J. L. Allen, S. J. BE Hwu, RJ Linden, KJ TI Tunable THz detector based on a grating gated field-effect transistor - art. no. 612006 SO Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conferernce on Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics V CY JAN 25-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA ID INVERSION-LAYERS; PLASMON AB A split-grating-gate detector design has been implemented in an effort to combine the tunability of the basic grating-gate detector with the high responsivity observed in these detectors when approaching the pinchoff regime. The redesign of the gates by itself offers several orders of magnitude improvement in resonant responsivity. Further improvements are gained by placing the detector element on a thermally isolating membrane in order to increase the effects of lattice heating on the device response. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaner, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6162-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6120 BP 12006 EP 12006 AR 612006 DI 10.1117/12.646089 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEH54 UT WOS:000237272700005 ER PT S AU Simakov, AN Catto, PJ AF Simakov, Andrei N. Catto, Peter J. BE Connor, JW Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI What are the limitations of Braginskii's fluid equations and Hazeltine's drift kinetic equation? SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Ctr Rech & Phys Plasmas, Ecole Polytechn Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM, Ist Fis Plasma CNR, Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Territorio, ENEA DE drift ordering; two-fluid equations; drift kinetic equation; closure ID TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; PLASMA; TOKAMAK; FIELD AB The two-fluid equations of Braginskii miss heat-flux terms in the viscosity. In this work we employ drift orderings to recover these missing terms and obtain a fully self-consistent system of short mean-free path two-fluid equations. These equations cannot be recovered from the short mean-free path limit of the well-known drift kinetic formalism of Hazeltine since this formalism is only accurate through first order in the small gyroradius expansion parameter, whereas second order accuracy is required. We propose a way of generalizing this formalism to make it second-order accurate. We also use the results to derive the gyroviscosity and ion perpendicular viscosity for plasmas of arbitrary collisionality, provided the leading order distribution function is velocity-space isotropic. As an application, we consider electrostatic turbulence in a tokamak and use our expressions for ion viscosity in the toroidal angular momentum conservation equation to show that the ion perpendicular viscosity can be important for determining the axisymmetric radial electric field (and, therefore, zonal flow amplitude), especially if the turbulent radial particle flux is small. C1 [Simakov, Andrei N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Catto, Peter J.] MIT, Plasma Science & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Simakov, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM simakov@lanl.gov FU USA Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the USA Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0376-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 871 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFT20 UT WOS:000244483500021 ER PT S AU Dorfman, S Ji, HT Yamada, M Ren, Y Gerhardt, S Kulsrud, R McGeehan, B Wang, YS AF Dorfman, Seth Ji, Hantao Yamada, Masaaki Ren, Yang Gerhardt, Stefan Kulsrud, Russell McGeehan, Brendan Wang, Yansong BE Connor, JW Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Electromagnetic perturbations in the reconnecting current sheet in MRX SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Ctr Rech & Phys Plasmas, Ecole Polytechn Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM, Ist Fis Plasma CNR, Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Territorio, ENEA DE magnetic reconnection; electromagnetic fluctuations; oblique lower hybrid drift instability ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MODEL AB Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect, converting magnetic field energy into particle kinetic energy. Electromagnetic fluctuations, which may play a role in fast reconnection, are studied from both an experimental and theoretical standpoint. The waves, which are in the lower hybrid range of frequencies, may be produced by a plasma instability known as the oblique lower hybrid drift instability. When the electron drift velocity is large, the theory predicts coupling between whistler and acoustic waves in the ion frame that may lead to an instability in the vicinity of the current sheet. On the experimental side, an antenna placed in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory is used to apply perturbations, and their propagation characteristics are measured. Results from a 2mm diameter antenna indicate that any induced fluctuations are confined to the current sheet and are preferentially excited in the direction of electron flow within the layer. Preliminary data from a 2cm diameter antenna shows a wave propagating in the electron flow direction at the local electron drift velocity. Thus electron drift appears to play a crucial role in the appearance of fluctuations. C1 [Dorfman, Seth; Ji, Hantao; Yamada, Masaaki; Ren, Yang; Gerhardt, Stefan; Kulsrud, Russell; McGeehan, Brendan; Wang, Yansong] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Dorfman, S (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM sethd@Princeton.EDU RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 FU US DOE; NASA; NSF FX This work is supported by the US DOE, the Thomas H. Stix Prize, NASA, and NSF. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0376-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 871 BP 306 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFT20 UT WOS:000244483500028 ER PT S AU Beloborodov, IS Efetov, KB Lopatin, AV Vinokur, VM AF Beloborodov, I. S. Efetov, K. B. Lopatin, A. V. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Electron transport in granular metals SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID NORMAL-STATE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; TRANSITION; CROSSOVER; FILMS AB We investigate transport in a granular metallic system at large tunneling conductance between the grains, g(T) >> 1. We show that at low temperatures, T <= g(T)delta, where 6 is the single mean energy level spacing in a grain, the coherent electron motion at large distances dominates the physics, contrary to the high temperature (T > g(T)delta) behavior where conductivity is controlled by the scales of the order of the grain size. The conductivity of one and two dimensional granular metals, in the low temperature regime, decays with decreasing temperature in the same manner as that in homogeneously disordered metals, indicating thus an insulating behavior. However, even in this temperature regime the granular structure remains important and there is an additional contribution to conductivity coming from short distances. Due to this contribution the metal-insulator transition in three dimensions occurs at the value of tunnel conductance g(T)(C) = (1/6 pi) ln(E-C/delta), where E-C is the charging energy of an isolated grain, and not at the generally expected g(T)(C) alpha 1. Corrections to the density of states of granular metals due to the electron-electron interaction are calculated. C1 [Beloborodov, I. S.; Lopatin, A. V.; Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Efetov, K. B.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Phys Theor III, Bochum 44780, Germany. [Efetov, K. B.] LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Beloborodov, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM beloborodov@anl.gov; lopatin@anl.gov RI Efetov, Konstantin/H-8852-2013 FU German-Israeli; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]; A.P. Sloan and the Packard Foundations FX We thank A. Andreev, A. Koshelev, A. Larkin and K. Matveev for useful discussion of the results obtained. K. E. thanks German-Israeli programs DIP and GIF for a support. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science through contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 and by the A.P. Sloan and the Packard Foundations. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 27 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500003 ER PT B AU Glatz, A AF Glatz, Andreas BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Thermal fluctuations in one-dimensional disordered quantum systems SO Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25, 2003-AUG 29, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; RANDOM-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COULOMB FORCES; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; CHAINS AB We study the low temperature phase diagram of one-dimensional weakly disordered quantum systems like charge or spin density waves and Luttinger liquids by a full finite temperature renormalization group (RG) calculation. In the classical region, for vanishing quantum fluctuations those results are supplemented by an exact solution of the model in the case of strong disorder, described by the ground state and the correlation function. Furthermore, by a mapping of the problem onto a Burgers equation with noise, in the case of weak disorder, we can derive an expression for the correlation length. At zero temperature we reproduce the (quantum) phase transition between a pinned (localized) and an unpinned (delocalized) phase for weak and strong quantum fluctuations, respectively, as found previously by Fukuyama [12] or Ciamarchi and Schulz [16]. At finite temperatures the localization transition is suppressed: the random potential is wiped out by thermal fluctuations on length scales larger than the thermal de Broglie wave length of the phason excitations. The existence of a zero temperature transition is reflected in a rich cross-over phase diagram determined by the correlation functions. In particular we find four different scaling regions: a classical disordered, a quantum disordered, a quantum critical, and a thermal region. The results can be transferred directly to the discussion of the influence of disorder in superfluids. Finally we extend the RG calculation to the treatment of a commensurate lattice potential, which might lead to a new scenario for the unpinning (delocalization) transition at zero temperature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Glatz, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 91 EP 117 PG 27 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500010 ER PT S AU Feldman, DE Scheidl, S Vinokur, VM AF Feldman, D. E. Scheidl, S. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Ratchet effects in Luttinger liquids SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID TRANSPORT AB We investigate the rectification of an ac bias in Luttinger liquids in the presence of an asymmetric potential (the ratchet effect). We show that strong repulsive electron interaction enhances the ratchet current in comparison with Fermi liquid systems, and the dc I-V curve is strongly asymmetric in the low-voltage regime even for a weak asymmetric potential. At higher voltages the ratchet current exhibits an oscillatory voltage dependence. C1 [Feldman, D. E.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Feldman, D. E.] LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Scheidl, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Cologne 50937, Germany. [Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Aterials Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Feldman, DE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Dima-Feldman@physics.brown.edu; sts@thp.uni-koeln.de NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 147 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500014 ER PT S AU Gu, JY Bazaliy, YB Bader, SD You, CY AF Gu, J. Y. Bazaliy, Ya. B. Bader, S. D. You, C. Y. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Ferromagnetic-superconducting hybrid systems SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID PROXIMITY; MULTILAYERS; TRILAYERS; TEMPERATURE; ALLOYS AB The interplay between superconductor (S) and ferromagnet (F) in hybrid structures consisting of S and F layers creates an exotic spin-triplet ordering in the vicinity of F/S boundaries, even though the S-layers are made of conventional BCS superconductors. We present experimental and theoretical studies of F/S/F trilayer hybrid systems, where the emergent spin-triplet correlations lead to the dependence of the superconducting transition temperature on the angle between the magnetization directions of the two ferromagnetic layers. C1 [Gu, J. Y.; Bazaliy, Ya. B.; Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bazaliy, Ya. B.] Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bader@anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy Division of Basic Energy Science-Material Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Nano Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea [M1-0214-00-0001] FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Division of Basic Energy Science-Material Science under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. C.-Y. You is supported by National R&D Project for Nano Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (M1-0214-00-0001). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 159 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500015 ER PT S AU Lopatin, AV Vinokur, VM AF Lopatin, A. V. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Quantum Tunneling between paramagnetic and superconducting states of a nanometer-scale superconducting grain placed in a magnetic field SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO AB We consider the process of quantum tunneling between the superconducting and paramagnetic states of a nanometer-scale superconducting grain placed in a magnetic field. The grain is supposed to be weakly coupled to a normal metallic contact that plays a role of the spin reservoir. Using the instanton method we find the probability of the quantum tunneling process and express it in terms of the applied magnetic field, order parameter of the superconducting grain and conductance of the tunneling junction between the grain and metallic contact. C1 [Lopatin, A. V.; Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lopatin, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lopatin@anl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500017 ER PT S AU Aladyshkin, AY Buzdin, AI Fraerman, AA Mel'nikov, AS Ryzhov, DA Sokolovi, AV AF Aladyshkin, A. Yu. Buzdin, A. I. Fraerman, A. A. Mel'nikov, A. S. Ryzhov, D. A. Sokolovi, A. V. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Domain wall superconductivity in ferromagnetic superconductors and hybrid S/F structures SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO AB On the basis of phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau approach we investigate the problem of order parameter nucleation in a ferromagnetic superconductor and hybrid superconductor-ferromagnetic (S/F) systems with a domain structure in an applied external magnetic field H. We study the interplay between the superconductivity localized at the domain walls and between the domain walls and show that such interplay determines a peculiar nonlinear temperature dependence of the upper critical field. For hybrid S/F systems we also study the possible oscillatory behavior of the critical temperature T-c(H) similar to the Little-Parks effect. C1 [Aladyshkin, A. Yu.; Fraerman, A. A.; Mel'nikov, A. S.; Ryzhov, D. A.; Sokolovi, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, GSP 105, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Buzdin, A. I.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Phys Mol Optique Hertzie, CNRS, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France. [Fraerman, A. A.; Mel'nikov, A. S.; Ryzhov, D. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aladyshkin, AY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, GSP 105, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. EM melnikov@ipm.sci-nnov.ru RI Buzdin, Alexander/I-6038-2013; Mel'nikov, Alexander/E-8099-2017 OI Mel'nikov, Alexander/0000-0002-4241-467X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 209 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500018 ER PT S AU Bezuglyi, EV Bratus, EN Shumeiko, VS Vinokur, VM AF Bezuglyi, E. V. Bratus, E. N. Shumeiko, V. S. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Phase dependent current statistics in a short-arm andreev interferometer SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID MULTITERMINAL DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTORS; FULL COUNTING STATISTICS; DISORDERED CONDUCTORS; NOISE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; REFLECTION; TRANSPORT; UNIVERSALITY AB We calculate analytically the full counting statistics for a short normally conducting diffusive wire connecting a normal reservoir and a short superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction, at arbitrary applied voltages and temperatures. The cumulant-generating function oscillates with the phase difference phi across the junction and approaches the normal-state value at phi = pi. At T = 0 and at applied voltage much smaller than the proximity gap Delta(phi), the current noise P-I doubles and the third current cumulant C-3 is 4 times larger compared to the normal state; at eV >> Delta(phi) they acquire large excess components. At the gap edge, eV = Delta(phi) the differential shot noise dP(I)/dV exhibits sharp peak, while the differential Fano factor dP(I)/dI turns to zero along with the differential resistance, which reflects the transmission resonance associated with the singularity of the density of states. At nonzero temperature, C3 shows a non-monotonous voltage dependence with a dip near eV = Delta(phi); the zero-bias slope of C-3(V) is much larger (up to 5 times) than at the zero temperature. C1 [Bezuglyi, E. V.; Bratus, E. N.] Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Shumeiko, V. S.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Bezuglyi, E. V.; Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bezuglyi, EV (reprint author), Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM Swedeneugene@fy.chalmers.se FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 241 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500021 ER PT S AU Kopnin, NB Mel'nikov, AS Vinokur, VM AF Kopnin, N. B. Mel'nikov, A. S. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Single particle transport in disordered andreev wires SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO AB We study how the single-electron transport in clean Andreev wires is affected by a weak disorder introduced by impurity scattering. The transport has two contributions, one is the Andreev diffusion inversely proportional to the mean free path l and the other is the drift along the transverse modes that increases with increasing l. This behavior leads to a peculiar re-entrant localization as a function of the mean free path. C1 [Kopnin, N. B.] Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 117940, Russia. [Mel'nikov, A. S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Moscow 603950, Russia. [Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kopnin, NB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 117940, Russia. EM kopnin@boojum.hut.fi; melnikov@ipm.sci-nnov.ru; volkov@tp3.ruhr-uni-bochum.de RI Mel'nikov, Alexander/E-8099-2017 OI Mel'nikov, Alexander/0000-0002-4241-467X FU US DOE Office [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; NATO Collaborative [PST.CLG.978122. A.S.M]; Program Quantum Macrophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian State Fellowship for young doctors of science FX This work was supported in part by the US DOE Office of Science under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38, by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Program Quantum Macrophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian State Fellowship for young doctors of science, and NATO Collaborative Linkage Grant No. PST.CLG.978122. A.S.M. is grateful to the Low Temperature Laboratory at the Helsinki University of Technology for hospitality. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 291 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500027 ER PT S AU Gorelik, LY Kulinich, SI Shekhter, RI Jonson, M Vinokur, VM AF Gorelik, L. Y. Kulinich, S. I. Shekhter, R. I. Jonson, M. Vinokur, V. M. BE Glatz, A Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Spin-dependent transport of electrons in a shuttle structure SO THEORY OF QUANTUM TRANSPORT IN METALLIC AND HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Theory of Quantum Transport in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 25-29, 2003-2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We consider "shuttling" of spin-polarized electrons between two magnetic electrodes (half-metals) by a movable dot with a single electronic level. If the magnetization of the electrodes is antiparallel we show that the transmittance of the system can be changed by orders of magnitude if an external magnetic field, perpendicular to the polarization of the electronic spins, is applied. A giant magnetotransmittance effect can be achieved for weak external fields of order 1 divided by 10 Oe. C1 [Gorelik, L. Y.; Kulinich, S. I.; Shekhter, R. I.; Jonson, M.] Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kulinich, S. I.] B. I. Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, Kharkov 61103, Ukraine. [Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gorelik, LY (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM shekhter@fy.chalmers.se RI Jonson, Mats/D-6545-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-4777-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2006 VL 230 BP 307 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BES73 UT WOS:000239348500029 ER PT S AU Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Gustavsson, M Gustafsson, SE AF Wang, H. Dinwiddie, R. B. Gustavsson, M. Gustafsson, S. E. BE Dinwiddie, RB White, MA McElroy, DL TI Infrared Imaging during hot disk thermal conductivity measurements SO Thermal Conductivity 28: Thermal Expansion 16 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/16th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2005 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Mathis Instruments Fredericton ID DIFFUSIVITY AB Hot Disk sensors have been used to measure thermal conductivity and other thermophysical properties. The effects of the sensor/heater, especially the electrical leads, are hard to assess due to the fact that it is sandwiched between two bulk specimens. In this study, we report infrared imaging of the Hot Disk sensor during measurements. Infrared transparent materials (in 3-5 mu m range) were used so that the heating of the sensor and the interface can be viewed directly. The 2-dimensional temperature mapping as a function of time produced evidence for temperature uniformity and symmetry of the heater and also provided an actual sample volume being tested. The effects of sensor size, design and electrical leads were studied. The influence from the heat capacity of the sensor itself has been included in the theory of the Hot Disk method. However, it is more difficult to include the influence from the electrical leads, which are supplying power to and measuring the voltage increase in the double spiral. For this reason it would be desirable to get information on how the electrical leads influence the temperature field around a bifilar spiral. No influence due to the presence of the connecting electrical leads were observed, either in terms of irregular heating or heat losses. IR imaging also provided temperature monitoring of the sensor and specimen after the test. Usually, a fixed amount of wait time between measurements is suggested to ensure temperature equilibrium. The IR images provided real time temperature maps of the interface. This allowed repeated tests to be started more efficiently. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Dinwiddie, Ralph/0000-0003-1670-470X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-59-6 J9 THERM COND PY 2006 VL 28 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFY69 UT WOS:000245465900019 ER PT S AU Dobranich, D Gill, W Dowding, KJ AF Dobranich, D. Gill, W. Dowding, K. J. BE Dinwiddie, RB White, MA McElroy, DL TI Determining thermal properties of low-density porous materials using a transient inverse heat transfer approach SO Thermal Conductivity 28: Thermal Expansion 16 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/16th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2005 CL St Andrews, CANADA SP Mathis Instruments Fredericton AB Low-density porous materials are sometimes used to encapsulate electronic and mechanical components, providing structural support. Thermal simulation of such encapsulated hardware requires thermal properties of the encapsulants. Because of the porous nature of the encapsulants, small sample sizes did not sufficiently represent a continuum and the results of traditional flash diffusivity methods were not entirely satisfactory. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry measurements for specific heat resulted in large uncertainties. Steady-state approaches provided only conductivity and were complicated by the need for guard heaters. An alternate approach was therefore pursued to obtain temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity data. This alternate approach makes use of a one-dimensional inverse heat transfer computer code along with a carefully designed apparatus to allow the collection of temperature-versus-time data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dobranich, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 978-1-932078-59-6 J9 THERM COND PY 2006 VL 28 BP 246 EP 255 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BFY69 UT WOS:000245465900023 ER PT B AU Rugh, JP Lustbader, J AF Rugh, John P. Lustbader, Jason BE Fan, J TI Application of a sweating manikin controlled by a human physiological model and lessons learned SO Thermal Manikins and Modelling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Thermal Manikin and Modelling Meeting CY OCT 16-18, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA ID ENVIRONMENTS; COMFORT AB The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a suite of thermal comfort tools to help develop smaller and more efficient climate control systems in automobiles. The tools consist of a thermal comfort manikin, physiological model, and psychological model that are linked together to assess comfort in a transient non-homogeneous environment. The manikin and models have been validated against physiological data that are available in the literature and test subject data that were used to develop the psychological model. The manikin was used in NREL's Vehicle Climate Control Laboratory (VCCL) to assess the impact of an automotive ventilated seat on thermal comfort and fuel economy. In a test program with NASA, the manikin was used to evaluate liquid cooling garments (LCGs) worn underneath spacesuits. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rugh, JP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV PI KOWLOON PA YUK CHOI RD, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-962-367-534-5 PY 2006 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFX68 UT WOS:000245322500035 ER PT S AU Dinwiddie, RB Dean, SW AF Dinwiddie, R. B. Dean, S. W. BE Miles, JJ Peacock, GR Knettel, KM TI Case study of IR reflectivity to detect and document the underdrawing of a 19th century oil painting - art. no. 620510 SO Thermosense XXVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXVII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE underdrawing; artwork; paint; IR imaging; near-IR; Lloyd Branson; General John P McCown AB There are a number of paintings in the McClung collection [East Tennessee History Center] by East Tennessee artists of some notoriety. In the cleaning process, curators had noticed that a painting attributed to Lloyd Branson is actually painted over a previous painting or drawing. This underdrawing is only partially visible with the naked eye. Infrared Reflectography was used to detect and document the underdrawing. The top painting is oriented in the portrait direction with the subject being an American civil war general by the name of John P. McCown. The underdrawing is oriented in the landscape direction with the subject being a mill scene, complete with a water wheel. Contrast optimization through the use of filters and spatial resolution enhancement by assembling a mosaic from a set of close-up images will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dinwiddie, RB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BLDG 4515,MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6261-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6205 BP 20510 EP 20510 AR 620510 DI 10.1117/12.669219 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BES54 UT WOS:000239298200031 ER PT S AU Wang, H England, T AF Wang, Hsin England, Todd BE Miles, JJ Peacock, GR Knettel, KM TI IR imaging study on heater performance of outside rearview mirrors for automobiles - art. no. 62050L SO Thermosense XXVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XXVII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE IR imaging; heated mirror; non-destructive inspection AB Adhesive bonded electrical heaters have been used in outside rearview mirrors of automobiles in order to act as defrosters. Entrapment of air pockets between the heater and the mirror can affects the performance and structural integrity of the mirror assembly. Since painting over the mirror is not an option in the production environment, the biggest challenge for IR imaging is to minimize surface reflection. Looking through a smooth, highly reflective first-surface mirror and a 2 mm thick glass without picking up other heat sources in the room, such as people, electronics equipment and the camera itself, requires careful planning and effective shielding. In this paper, we present our method of avoiding mirror reflection and IR images of the heated mirror in operation. Production heaters and heaters with artificial defect were studied. The IR imaging method has shown to be an effective tool for heater quality control and performance studies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6261-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6205 BP L2050 EP L2050 AR 62050L DI 10.1117/12.669837 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BES54 UT WOS:000239298200018 ER PT S AU Valley, MT Dudorov, VV Kolosov, VV Filimonov, GA AF Valley, M. T. Dudorov, V. V. Kolosov, V. V. Filimonov, G. A. BE Matvienko, GG Banakh, VA TI Estimates of the error caused by atmospheric turbulence in optical determination of the orientation angle of a series of reflectors - art. no. 65220O SO Thirteenth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Tomsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, SPIE, Russian Fdn Basic Res, RAS Inst Atmospher Opt, RAS Inst Solar Terrestrial Phys DE turbulence; error estimation; orientation angle; reflector ID MOVING-OBJECTS AB The error caused by atmospheric turbulence, in determining the orientation angle of an object (a series of reflectors) has been studied. The orientation angle was determined by studying the image of the object. Numerical modeling was performed involving construction of the image of a series of reflectors as if they were observed through a turbulent medium, calculation of the coordinates of reflector mass centers, finding of the line closest to the reflector mass centers, and determination of its slope angle. Variance of the slope angle fluctuations is calculated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Valley, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Dudorov, Vadim/J-8620-2015; Filimonov, Grigorii/A-5758-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6642-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6522 BP O5220 EP O5220 AR 65220O DI 10.1117/12.723057 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Physics GA BFW55 UT WOS:000245104400024 ER PT S AU Valley, MT Dudorov, VV Kolosov, VV Filimonov, GA AF Valley, M. T. Dudorov, V. V. Kolosov, V. V. Filimonov, G. A. BE Matvienko, GG Banakh, VA TI Estimates of the error caused by atmospheric turbulence in determining object's motion speed using a digital camera - art. no. 65220P SO Thirteenth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Tomsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, SPIE, Russian Fdn Basic Res, RAS Inst Atmospher Opt, RAS Inst Solar Terrestrial Phys DE turbulence; error estimation; object speed determining ID MOVING-OBJECTS AB The paper considers the error caused by atmospheric turbulence, in determining the motion speed of an object by using its successive images recorded on a matrix of a digital camera. Numerical modeling of the image of a moving object in successive time moments is performed. Fluctuation variance of the image mass centre affecting the measurement error is calculated. Error dependences on the distance to the object and path slope angle are obtained for different turbulence models. Considered are the situations, when the angular displacement of the object between two immediate shots of the digital camera is greater than the isoplanatism angle as well as the situations when the angular displacement is smaller than this angle. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Valley, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Dudorov, Vadim/J-8620-2015; Filimonov, Grigorii/A-5758-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6642-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6522 BP P5220 EP P5220 AR 65220P DI 10.1117/12.723058 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Physics GA BFW55 UT WOS:000245104400025 ER PT J AU Renne, RA Gideon, KM AF Renne, RA Gideon, KM TI Types and patterns of response in the larynx following inhalation SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the American-College-of-Toxicology CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Coll Toxicol DE rodent larynx; dog larynx; monkey larynx; squamous metaplasia; hyperplasia; inhalation; respiratory tract ID CIGARETTE-SMOKE INHALATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; B6C3F1 MICE; F344/N RATS; CARCINOGENESIS; BENZO(A)PYRENE; TOXICITY; TOBACCO AB The laryngeal mucosa responds to insult similarly to other epithelial tissues but the response depends on location within the larynx since important anatomic differences exist, even within rodent species. Although dogs and nonhuman primates are also utilized for inhalation toxicology studies, little published information is available regarding sites of injury from inhaled toxicants in these species. Accurate and consistent fixation, trimming, and microtomy of laryngeal sections allow the pathologist to compare the morphology of laryngeal mucosa from exposed and control animals and detect and interpret subtle differences resulting from inhalation exposure. There are anatomic landmarks that are keys to providing consistent sections through important areas of the laryngeal mucosa. Repeated inhalation of toxic concentrations of chemicals, drugs, or environmental contaminants induces a wide range of responses, depending on the physical properties and concentration of the toxic substance and duration of exposure. Responses include edema, acute to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, degeneration, and necrosis. Attempts at repair include regeneration, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, hyperkeratosis, and neoplasia. Awareness of normal histology and zones of transition from squamous to respiratory epithelium in different areas of the larynx in different species is critical to avoid confusing normal epithelium with metaplasia or hyperplasia. Microscopic examination of laryngeal mucosa from animals exposed via inhalation and necropsied following a recovery period provides the opportunity to determine the degree of regression or progression of exposure-induced laryngeal lesions. C1 Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Renne, RA (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM renne@battelle.org NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1080/01926230600695631 PG 5 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 042FH UT WOS:000237512800012 PM 16698727 ER PT S AU Cluett, C Kitchener, FM Osborne, L Conger, S AF Cluett, Chris Kitchener, Fred M. Osborne, Leon Conger, Steve GP Natl Acad, TRB TI Weather integration in transportation management centers SO Traffic Signal Systems and Regional Systems Management 2006 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board AB Traffic management centers (TMCs) serve to integrate technologies, agencies, and information to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation and transit systems. The thesis of this paper is that the integration of weather systems and information into transportation operations, specifically in TMCs, will improve operational performance and offer travelers increased mobility and safety benefits. The findings that are presented are based on a study of integrated operations at 38 TMCs across the country and reflect a range of weather experience, size and type of transportation system, and integration concepts and strategies. The paper offers a conceptual framework for understanding weather integration in traffic operations. The framework identifies a set of determinants of integration that are linked to operational performance and illustrates five key dimensions of integration. Field research showed how TMCs differ on these dimensions and the integration strategies they employ to achieve their desired concept of integration. The state of the practice in weather integration is described, and future opportunities that build on today's best practices in TMCs are identified. A number of benefits to be derived from enhanced weather integration in TMCs are presented. The paper concludes that to achieve effective and efficient weather integration in traffic operations, it will be necessary to change existing operational paradigms and modify present TMC cultures. Many concepts of integration are exemplified in the best practices in use today, and they form the foundation on which to build integrated transportation operations for tomorrow. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Cluett, C (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 978-0-309-09988-2 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2006 IS 1978 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Transportation GA BFY19 UT WOS:000245422600024 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JW Absolon, RF Carlson, TJ Sandford, BP AF Ferguson, JW Absolon, RF Carlson, TJ Sandford, BP TI Evidence of delayed mortality on juvenile Pacific salmon passing through turbines at Columbia River dams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VESTIBULAR COMPENSATION; SNAKE RIVER; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD; RECOVERY; GOLDFISH; PASSAGE AB We evaluated the survival of juvenile salmon through turbines in Columbia River dams and found no differences between two operations but strong evidence of delayed mortality from turbine passage. After tagging with a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag and a radio tag, yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were released at McNary Dam on the Columbia River through a turbine operating both within 1% of peak efficiency (a discharge rate of 317 m(3)/s) and outside the 1% range at the maximum blade angle (464 m(3)/s). Estimated relative survival to a detection array 15 km downstream was 0.871 at 317 m(3)/s and 0.856 at 464 m(3)/s and 0.858 and 0.814, respectively, to an array 46 km downstream. The highest point estimates of survival occurred under the lower discharge, suggesting that operating turbines within 1% of peak efficiency is a useful guideline for fish protection at McNary Dam. In a concurrent evaluation using balloon tags, estimated mean direct survival ranged from 0.930 to 0.946. Radio tag estimates were significantly lower than balloon tag estimates under both operations. Based on these differences, we estimated that delayed mortality comprised from 46% to 70% of total estimated mortality. We reviewed the literature and concluded that delayed mortality was caused by sublethal impacts to fish sensory systems, which increased vulnerability to predation in the tailrace. We recommend that future research to improve turbine designs and operations for fish passage focus on this major component of mortality. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquaculture, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferguson, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.w.ferguson@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 135 IS 1 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1577/T05-080.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 013AH UT WOS:000235381500013 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO AF Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO TI Mass and moisture distribution in aboveground components of standing corn plants SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; biomass; corn stover; harvest; size reduction; storage; transport ID STOVER; MATURITY; YIELD AB Corn stover mass and moisture properties were identified to aid decisions regarding collection of standing corn stover dry matter with least moisture, and to aid development of moisture prediction tools for applications including harvest, transport, size reduction, and storage. Vertical distributions of mass and moisture in standing stalks and aboveground components such as leaf, husk, and ear in standing corn plants were evaluated over time. Stalks were cut into 254 mm long sections to facilitate analysis, and to correspond with billet length collected for cane-type crops. Stalks had the greatest wet mass (72.6%) followed by leaf (20.7%) and husk (6.8%) during the normal harvest period. Moisture profile in aboveground plant components exhibited two separate, sequential linear relationships when plotted with time. The first zone was rapid moisture reduction prior to the normal harvest period. The second zone, corresponding with but not the result of grain harvest, had slow, gradual moisture reduction and stabilization. Geometrical analyses of stalk cross-sectional area, volume, and lateral surface area to volume ratio documented physical properties for future moisture prediction tools. Considering stalks only, the bottom 1 to 4 stalk sections had 60.6% of total dry matter, although that was the last portion of the stalk to dry, thereby increasing the liability of added moisture on transportation and storage. An apparent drying front moved downward through the plant over time and may be explained by reduced the lateral surface area to volume ratio from stalk top to stalk bottom. Dry matter and moisture content of stalks were not significantly influenced by the observed soil and environmental parameters, including rainfall. It was hypothesized that standing stalks readily shed rainfall and allowed less opportunity for moisture penetration. Mass and moisture content of discrete stalk sections were normalized using plant height to facilitate multiple regression equations applicable to other crop heights. Results pertain to assessment of mass and moisture status of standing stalks in the field before and after grain harvest, identity of moisture factors related to the supply of uniform-quality feedstock, and discovery of relevant biomass properties needed for design and management of efficient biomass processes and equipment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, ARS, Instrument & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, 2506 E J Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM awomac@utk.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200010 ER PT S AU Blinov, ML Yang, J Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Blinov, Michael L. Yang, Jin Faeder, James R. Hlavacek, William S. BE Priami, C Ingolfssottir, A Mishra, B Nielson, HR TI Graph theory for rule-based modeling of biochemical networks SO TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY VII SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BioConcur 2005 Workshop CY AUG, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA ID COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; FC-EPSILON-RI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; POLYNOMIAL-TIME; ISOMORPHISM; SIMULATION; REPRESENTATION AB We introduce a graph-theoretic formalism suitable for modeling biochemical networks marked by combinatorial complexity, such as signal-transduction systems, in which protein-protein interactions play a prominent role. This development extends earlier work by allowing for explicit representation of the connectivity of a protein complex. Within the formalism, typed attributed graphs are used to represent proteins and their functional components, complexes, conformations, and states of post-translational covalent modification. Graph transformation rules are used to represent protein-protein interactions and their effects. Each rule defines a generalized reaction, i.e., a class of potential reactions that are logically consistent with knowledge or assumptions about the represented biomolecular interaction. A model is specified by defining 1) molecular-entity graphs, which delimit the molecular entities and material components of a system and their possible states, 2) graph transformation rules, and 3) a seed set of graphs representing chemical species, such as the initial species present before introduction of a signal. A reaction network is generated iteratively through application of the graph transformation rules. The rules are first applied to the seed graphs and then to any and all new graphs that subsequently arise as a result of graph transformation. This procedure continues until no new graphs are generated or a specified termination condition is satisfied. The formalism supports the generation of a list of reactions in a system, which can be used to derive different types of physicochemical models, which can be simulated and analyzed in different ways. The processes of generating and simulating the network may be combined so that species are generated only as needed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blinov, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mblinov@lanl.gov; jyang@lanl.gov; faeder@lanl.gov; wish@lanl.gov NR 50 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-48837-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 4230 BP 89 EP 106 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BFP45 UT WOS:000243595000005 ER PT S AU Bergeron, KD Zimmerman, AD AF Bergeron, Kenneth D. Zimmerman, Andrew D. BE Byne, J Toly, N Glover, L TI Nuclear Power in an Age of Global Terrorism: Implications for Energy and National Security SO TRANSFORMING POWER: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY IN CONFLICT SE Energy and Environmental Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bergeron, Kenneth D.] Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew D.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew D.] Delaware Tech & Community Coll, Dover, DE USA. RP Bergeron, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0882-3537 BN 978-1-4128-0514-8 J9 ENERG ENVIRON POLICY PY 2006 VL 9 BP 113 EP 152 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BKF33 UT WOS:000267949700006 ER PT J AU Cape, JL Bowman, MK Kramer, DM AF Cape, JL Bowman, MK Kramer, DM TI Understanding the cytochrome bc complexes by what they don't do. The Q-cycle at 30 SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; BC(1) COMPLEX; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; Q(O) SITE; B(6)F COMPLEX; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UBIHYDROQUINONE OXIDATION; QUINOL OXIDATION; DOMAIN MOVEMENT; OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The cytochrome (cyt) bc(1), b(6)f and related complexes are central components of the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. These complexes carry out an extraordinary sequence of electron and proton transfer reactions that conserve redox energy in the form of a trans-membrane proton motive force for use in synthesizing ATP and other processes. Thirty years ago, Peter Mitchell proposed a general turnover mechanism for these complexes, which he called the Q-cycle. Since that time, many opposing schemes have challenged the Q-cycle but, with the accumulation of large amounts of biochemical, kinetic, thermodynamic and high-resolution structural data, the G-cycle has triumphed as the accepted model, although some of the intermediate steps are poorly understood and still controversial. One of the major research questions concerning the cyt bc(1) and b(6)f complexes is how these enzymes suppress deleterious and dissipative side reactions. In particular, most Q-cycle models involve reactive semiquinone radical intermediates that can reduce 02 to superoxide and lead to cellular oxidative stress. Current models to explain the avoidance of side reactions involve unprecedented or unusual enzyme mechanisms, the testing of which will involve new theoretical and experimental approaches. C1 Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Battelle NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kramer, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, 289 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dkramer@wsu.edu RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM61904] NR 60 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2005.11.007 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010MN UT WOS:000235198900011 PM 16352458 ER PT B AU Vitek, JM David, SA Babu, SS AF Vitek, J. M. David, S. A. Babu, S. S. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Recent Advances in Modeling of Solidification Behavior SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL WELDS; BASE SUPERALLOY WELDS; STRAY GRAIN FORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; STEEL; MAPS AB Modeling of weld solidification behavior has made significant advances in recent years. Solidification theory has been applied to produce models that identify phase selection during solidification, phase transformation behavior after solidification, and microstructural evolution in general. In addition, the use of computational thermodynamics allows for a robust evaluation of phase stability in multicomponent systems that represent real alloy systems. Several examples of currently available models for solidification behavior are presented. The expanded use of models can lead to better optimization of weld procedures and weld alloys at relatively small cost since extensive trial and error experiments can be avoided. Further success in modeling will rely, to a large extent, on the ability to integrate existing models. C1 [Vitek, J. M.; David, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300001 ER PT B AU Norris, J Roach, R Fuerschbach, P Bernal, J AF Norris, J. Roach, R. Fuerschbach, P. Bernal, J. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Thin Plate Gap Bridging Study for Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser Lap Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Gap bridging of thin plate pulsed Nd:YAG lap welds is optimized by focused welding at low peak powers without gas shielding. High speed images reveal effects of varying welding parameters and weld pool and laser beam interactions. Improved bridging with out gas shielding is attributed to changes in Marangoni convective flow. Development and verification of finite element models for weld pool physics is being conducted. C1 [Norris, J.; Roach, R.; Fuerschbach, P.; Bernal, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Norris, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300025 ER PT B AU Clark, DE Miller, KS Tolle, CR AF Clark, D. E. Miller, K. S. Tolle, C. R. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Tool design in friction stir processing: dynamic forces and material flow SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM DE friction stir processing; tool design; forces; rotating dynamometer; 6061 aluminum AB Friction stir processing involves severe plastic flow within the material; the nature of this flow determines the final morphology of the weld, the resulting microstructures, and the presence or absence of defects such as internal cavities or "wormholes." The forces causing this plastic flow are a function of process parameters, including spindle speed, travel speed, and tool design and angle. Some of these forces are directly applied or a result of the mechanical constraints and compliance of the apparatus, while others are resolved forces resulting from an interaction of these applied forces and tool forces governed by processing parameters, and can be diminished or even reversed in sign with appropriate choices of process parameters. The present investigation is concerned mostly with the friction stir processing of 6061-T6 aluminum plates in a low-cost apparatus built from a commercial milling machine. A rotating dynamometer allows in-process measurement of actual spindle speed, torque, and forces in the x-, y-, and z-directions, as well as force control on these axes. Two main types of tool, both unthreaded, were used. The first had a pin about 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in length, with a shoulder about 10 mm in diameter, and produced wormhole defects; the second, with a tapered pin about 5 mm long, a base diameter of about 6 mm, a tip diameter of about 4 mm, and a shoulder diameter (flat or dished) of about 19 mm, produced sound welds over a wide range of parameters. C1 [Clark, D. E.; Miller, K. S.; Tolle, C. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Clark, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300028 ER PT B AU Miller, KS Bitsoi, RJ Larsen, ED Smartt, HB AF Miller, K. S. Bitsoi, R. J. Larsen, E. D. Smartt, H. B. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Design and Testing of a Friction Stir Processing Machine for Laboratory Research SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB This presentation describes the design, fabrication and testing of a friction stir processing machine. The machine is intended to be a flexible research tool for a broad range of friction stir processing studies. The machine design also addresses the need for an affordable, robust design for general laboratory use. C1 [Miller, K. S.; Bitsoi, R. J.; Larsen, E. D.; Smartt, H. B.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300034 ER PT B AU Robino, CV Reece, M Knorovsky, GA DuPont, JN Feng, Z AF Robino, C. V. Reece, M. Knorovsky, G. A. DuPont, J. N. Feng, Z. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Prediction of Maximum Crack Length in Longitudinal Varestraint Testing SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID ALLOYS; WELDS AB High speed, high resolution video observations of solidification cracking in longitudinal Varestraint tests of Alloy 718 reveal a number of important features of the test. For large augmented strains, crack initiation occurs at a liquid fraction of approximately 0.2, and crack growth proceeds in both advancing (growth in the torch travel direction) and retreating (growth away from the trailing edge) directions. For the advancing crack, the average growth velocity is identical to the travel speed, indicating that the advancing tip grows at isothermal temperature and consequently, a fixed liquid fraction. Termination of the advancing crack tip occurs as the augmented strain field diminishes. The retreating crack tip grows in an increasing strain field and decreasing temperature, and appears to terminate when the crack tip intersects the solidus. These observations define criteria for the major events governing the maximum crack length at high augmented strains. Coupling these criteria with models of strain development, temperature distribution, and solidification behavior allows for a priori estimation of the maximum crack length. In the present work, the maximum crack length for a variety of Nb-containing Fe and Ni-based superalloys are estimated by using the above models and criteria, and compared with experimental results. C1 [Robino, C. V.; Reece, M.; Knorovsky, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robino, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300050 ER PT B AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA Park, JW Hu, Y Hehmann, W AF Vitek, J. M. Babu, S. S. David, S. A. Park, J-W. Hu, Y. Hehmann, W. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Cracking Behavior in Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID STRAY GRAIN FORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AB The cracking behavior in single crystal nickel-based superalloy welds was studied. A laser powder deposition process was used with Rene N5 base metal and three different filler metal alloys: IN625, IN738 and MarM247. Two different welding configurations were examined. In the first, a clad layer was deposited on the surface of the base metal. In the second, a U-groove was machined and filled with one of the filler metals. The paper details the extent of cracking as a function of filler metal alloy and weld geometry. Cracking was minimal in the clad geometry but was significant in the U-groove geometry. Cracking was worst with the MarM247 filler metal. Cracking was along stray grain high-angle boundaries and metallography revealed a one-to-one correlation between the extent of cracking and the propensity to form stray grains. C1 [Vitek, J. M.; Babu, S. S.; David, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300053 ER PT B AU Santella, M Feng, ZL Degen, C Pan, TY AF Santella, Michael Feng, Zhili Degen, Cassandra Pan, Tsung-Yu BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Modifying AM60B Magnesium Alloy Die Cast Surfaces by Friction Stir Processing SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB This experiment was done to evaluate the feasibility of locally modifying the surface properties of magnesium alloy die castings with friction stir processing. The Mg alloy used for the study was AM60B, nominally Mg-6Al-0.13Mn, wt%. Friction stir passes were made with a translation speed of 1.7 mm/s using tool rotation speeds of either 1250 or 2500 rpm. Stir passes with good appearance were obtained with both conditions. In some cases up to 5 passes were overlapped on a single bar to produce stir zones with cross sectional dimensions of about 1.5 x 10 mm. Metallographic examination indicated that the stir zones were largely comprised of equiaxed grains on the order of 5-10 mu m in size. Hardness mapping showed that the stir zones experienced increases of about 21% compared to the as-cast metal. Room temperature testing showed that, compared to the cast metal, the stir zones had about flow stresses nearly 20% higher with about twice the tensile elongation. C1 [Santella, Michael; Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Santella, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300067 ER PT B AU Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO Holm, EA Michael, JR Semak, VV Nowak-Neely, BM AF Knorovsky, G. A. MacCallum, D. O. Holm, E. A. Michael, J. R. Semak, V. V. Nowak-Neely, B. M. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Trends in Microwelding SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Miniaturization in the electronics industry continues to follow Moore's "Law", with feature sizes of sub-mu m extent becoming the standard. Further, the palette of technologies available is also expanding, with MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), photonics, and microfluidics joining microelectronics. Systems employing several of these technologies are beginning to appear, and issues of material joining, interconnection and packaging are sure to emerge. This work attempts to develop microscale joining tools, defined as <100 mu m part extent. Results obtained on the feasibility of three approaches: micro-focused laser welding, electron beam welding using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) chemical vapor deposition joining, are summarized. Characteristic of these approaches is an attempt to achieve ever-smaller sources of energy while maintaining visualization capabilities. In addition to showing examples, issues of process characterization and energy transport, limitations and work needed for each will be discussed. Finally, at these size scales, the force due to surface tension plays an increased role in the success or failure of joining across gaps, and indeed prevents drilling where high power density sources are used. Analyses of the effect of surface tension will be given for selected topics. C1 [Knorovsky, G. A.; MacCallum, D. O.; Holm, E. A.; Michael, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knorovsky, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300071 ER PT B AU MacCallum, D Knorovsky, G Nowak-Neely, B AF MacCallum, D. Knorovsky, G. Nowak-Neely, B. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Microwelding Using a Modified SEM SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Micro-scale welding has been successfully demonstrated using a Scanning Electron Microscope-based Electron Beam Welding (mu EBW) technique. Modifications to a standard SEM to increase beam power, beam diagnostics, and Monte Carlo simulations of energy deposition are used to discuss how the technique may be used in practice. In particular, beam-material sub-surface interaction volumes and energy source location tailoring effects will be discussed. Additional desirable enhancements for the future will be noted. C1 [MacCallum, D.; Knorovsky, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP MacCallum, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300072 ER PT B AU Korinko, PS Estochen, EG McKinney, GJ Pechersky, MJ AF Korinko, P. S. Estochen, E. G. McKinney, G. J. Pechersky, M. J. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Residual Stress Measurements in Side Bonded Resistance Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Resistance upset welding is used to attach small diameter machined tubes to small gas vessels. Recently there has been interest in determining the residual stresses caused by this attachment method. A test program was initiated to determine the residual stresses present due to welding using the nominal weld parameters and varying the interference between the foot and the counter bore. In this paper, the residual stress measurement technique is described, the welding conditions are provided, and the measured residual stresses due to welding at the nominal conditions are presented. C1 [Korinko, P. S.; Estochen, E. G.; McKinney, G. J.; Pechersky, M. J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Korinko, PS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300089 ER PT B AU Smartt, HB Larsen, ED Pace, DP Bitsoi, RJ Tolle, CR AF Smartt, H. B. Larsen, E. D. Pace, D. P. Bitsoi, R. J. Tolle, C. R. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Design of a Robotic Welding System SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Canisters for long term storage or disposal of waste materials are normally closed by welding one or more lids to the top of the canister. This paper describes the development of a conceptual design of a control architecture for a robotic system for welding lids on canisters in a remote welding cell. This work extended over several years and included development of control systems for three machines. C1 [Smartt, H. B.; Larsen, E. D.; Pace, D. P.; Bitsoi, R. J.; Tolle, C. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Smartt, HB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 623 EP 627 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300098 ER PT B AU Morgan, MJ Chapman, GK Tosten, MH West, SL AF Morgan, M. J. Chapman, G. K. Tosten, M. H. West, S. L. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Tritium Effects on Fracture Toughness of Stainless Steel Weldments SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID WELDS AB The effects of tritium on the fracture toughness properties of Type 304L and Type 21-6-9 stainless steel weldments were measured. Weldments were tritium-charged-and-aged and then tested in order to measure the effect of the increasing decay helium content on toughness. The results were compared to uncharged and hydrogen-charged samples. For unexposed weldments having 8-12 volume percent retained delta ferrite, fracture toughness was higher than base metal toughness. At higher levels of weld ferrite, the fracture toughness decreased to values below that of the base metal. Hydrogen-charged and tritium-charged weldments had lower toughness values than similarly charged base metals and toughness decreased further with increasing weld ferrite content. The effect of decay helium content was inconclusive because of tritium off-gassing losses during handling, storage and testing. Fracture modes were dominated by the dimpled rupture process in unexposed weldments. In hydrogen and tritium-exposed weldments, the fracture modes depended on the weld ferrite content. At high ferrite contents, hydrogen-induced transgranular fracture of the weld ferrite phase was observed. C1 [Morgan, M. J.; Chapman, G. K.; Tosten, M. H.; West, S. L.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Morgan, MJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 743 EP 748 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300118 ER PT B AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA AF Vitek, J. M. Babu, S. S. David, S. A. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Welding of Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloys: How to Avoid Stray Grains and Why SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; SOLIDIFICATION; GROWTH AB In order to repair nickel-based superalloy single crystals by fusion welding and maintain the single crystal structure, the formation of stray grains must be avoided. Modeling studies were carried out to investigate the optimum welding conditions to minimize stray grain formation. The modeling work combined a thermal model for the weld pool shape with a geometric model that identified the active dendritic growth directions and a nucleation and growth model that quantified the tendency to form new stray grains. It was found that low power and high weld speed reduce the likelihood for stray grain formation. These results are discussed and explained, and experimental welds confirmed the predictions. C1 [Vitek, J. M.; Babu, S. S.; David, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300123 ER PT B AU Puskar, JD Michael, JR Somerday, BP Balch, DK Brooks, JA Cadden, CH AF Puskar, J. D. Michael, J. R. Somerday, B. P. Balch, D. K. Brooks, J. A. Cadden, C. H. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Inertia Friction Welded 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID FRACTURE AB Tubular specimens of the nitrogen-strengthened alloy 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn were instrumented with thermocouples and inertia welded using a wide range of axial forces and kinetic energies. It was determined that a linear relationship exists between upset and kinetic energy for a given axial force. Furthermore, the peak temperatures are inversely related to the applied axial force. Microstructural characterization was performed using optical and electron microscopy techniques. Ferrite was observed locally at the weld interface, and it was determined that the width of the ferrite zone could vary widely depending on the process parameters. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis revealed that the ferrite and austenite at the weld interface exhibit the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship, and suggests that a very large amount of ferrite is present during the welding process that subsequently transforms to austenite during cooling. The fracture toughness of inertia welds thermally charged in gaseous hydrogen was also measured. It was found that the hydrogen-assisted fracture susceptibility of the inertia welds was greater than that of the base metal, but less than that of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn gas tungsten arc welds. C1 [Puskar, J. D.; Somerday, B. P.; Balch, D. K.; Brooks, J. A.; Cadden, C. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Puskar, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 781 EP 786 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300124 ER PT B AU Hartman, DA Korinko, PS Tolk, NR Malene, SH Smith, MG Cola, MJ Dave, VR Miller, JP King, WH AF Hartman, D. A. Korinko, P. S. Tolk, N. R. Malene, S. H. Smith, M. G. Cola, M. J. Dave, V. R. Miller, J. P. King, W. H. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI In-Process Monitoring of Pinch Welding: An Investigation into a Bond Quality Metric SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Acoustic emission (AE) was investigated as a potential in-process quality metric for monitoring the solid-state resistance closure weld, commonly referred to as a pinch weld, used to seal the 1/8(th) inch diameter steel tube on the tritium reservoirs. Pinch welds were made with varying input power levels, surface cleanliness, and workpiece hardness variations. Radiography and post-weld metallography was performed on each weld in order to establish bond quality. In-process data (current, voltage, force, displacement, and acoustic emission) were collected for each weld. The on-cooling portion of the AE data were explored through a variety of feature descriptors in an attempt to find a correlation with bond quality. The frequency content of the AE signal was found to contain information relevant to a pinch weld's metallurgical bond integrity. C1 [Hartman, D. A.; Smith, M. G.; Cola, M. J.; Dave, V. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hartman, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 839 EP 848 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300134 ER PT B AU Hochanadel, PW Cola, MJ Dave, VR Kelly, AM Casey, RS Bramlett, RD Rendell, DW AF Hochanadel, P. W. Cola, M. J. Dave, V. R. Kelly, A. M. Casey, R. S. Bramlett, R. D. Rendell, D. W. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Diffusion Bonding of Alloy 690-Initial Studies SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID STATIC RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA MODEL; PHASE-CHANGE; NUCLEATION AB The diffusion bonding characteristics of Alloy 690 (A690) was evaluated using by creating diffusion bonds with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator and characterizing the bonds with light optical microscopy and microhardness. A recrystallized layer along the bond-line was observed, and the thickness of this recrystallized layer was found to be a function of both diffusion bonding time and temperature. Although not quantitative, kinetics of the formation and growth of this layer were investigated and a difference in mechanism was observed between the lower bonding temperatures (800 degrees C and 875 degrees C) and a higher bonding temperature (950 degrees C). This was correlated to the coarsening and dissolution of M(23)C(6) carbides found in A690. C1 [Hochanadel, P. W.; Kelly, A. M.; Casey, R. S.; Bramlett, R. D.; Rendell, D. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hochanadel, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300142 ER PT B AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Zhang, W DebRoy, T AF Elmer, J. W. Palmer, T. A. Zhang, W. DebRoy, T. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Advanced Techniques for In-Situ Monitoring of Phase Transformations During Welding Using Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Diffraction SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID STEEL ARC WELDS; LOW-ALLOY STEEL; AUSTENITE TRANSFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; TIME; FERRITE; SOLIDIFICATION; RADIATION AB Understanding the evolution of microstructure in welds is an important goal of welding research because of the strong correlation between weld microstructure and weld properties. To achieve this goal it is important to develop a quantitative measure of phase transformations encountered during welding in order to ultimately develop methods for predicting weld microstructures from the characteristics of the welding process. To aid in this effort, synchrotron radiation methods have been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for direct observation of microstructure evolution during welding. Using intense, highly collimated synchrotron radiation, the atomic structure of the weld heat affected and fusion zones can be probed in real time. Two synchrotron-based techniques, known as spatially resolved (SRXRD) and time resolved (TRXRD) x-ray diffraction, have been developed for these investigations. These techniques have been used to investigate welding induced phase transformations in titanium alloys, low alloy steels, and stainless steel alloys. This paper will provide a brief overview of these methods and will discuss microstructural evolution during the welding of low carbon (AISI 1005) and medium carbon (AISI 1045) steels where the different levels of carbon influence the evolution of microstructures during welding. C1 [Elmer, J. W.; Palmer, T. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zhang, Wei/B-9471-2013 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 901 EP 910 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300144 ER PT B AU Puskar, JD Brooks, JA Yang, N AF Puskar, J. D. Brooks, J. A. Yang, N. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Microstructures of Inertia Friction Welds in Fe-Ni-Cr Ternary Alloys SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM AB Studies were conducted to determine what relationships may exist between alloy compositions and inertia friction weld microstructures of austenitic stainless steels. Ternary alloys of iron, nickel and chromium with 60-70% Fe and a range in Cr/Ni ratios from 0.34 to 1.9 were investigated. It was found that although grain size and compositional banding were reduced and varied with radial position and weld parameters, no significant solid-state transformation between ferrite and austenite was detected. Ferrite stringers in base materials with high ferrite content were elongated and fragmented, while in base materials with small amounts of ferrite stringers the ferrite dissolved. These findings may vary for different sample geometries and weld schedules. C1 [Puskar, J. D.; Brooks, J. A.; Yang, N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Puskar, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300145 ER PT B AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Babu, SS Specht, ED AF Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. Babu, S. S. Specht, E. D. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Direct Observations of Sigma Phase Growth and Dissolution in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID WELD METALS; MICROSTRUCTURAL STABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AGING TREATMENTS; PRECIPITATION; TUNGSTEN; TRANSFORMATIONS; DECOMPOSITION; TI-6AL-4V; TOUGHNESS AB The formation and growth of sigma (sigma) phase in a 2205 duplex stainless steel is monitored during an 850 degrees C isothermal heat treatment using an in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique. At this temperature, sigma phase is first observed within approximately 40 seconds of the start of the isothermal heat treatment and grows rapidly over the course of the 3600 second heat treatment to a volume fraction of approximately 13%. A simultaneous increase in the austenite (gamma) volume fraction and a decrease in the ferrite (delta) volume fraction are observed. The sigma phase formed at this temperature is rapidly dissolved within approximately 200 seconds when the temperature is increased to 1000 degrees C. Accompanying this rapid dissolution of the sigma phase, the delta and gamma volume fractions both approach the balanced (50/50) level observed in the as-received material. C1 [Palmer, T. A.; Elmer, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 945 EP 950 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300151 ER PT B AU Balch, DK Puskar, JD Somerday, BP Susan, DF AF Balch, D. K. Puskar, J. D. Somerday, B. P. Susan, D. F. BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Kinetics of the Delta Ferrite - Sigma Phase Transformation in 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn Multi-pass Gas Tungsten Arc Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Pine Mt, GA SP ASM ID STAINLESS-STEEL AB An instrumented 30-pass gas tungsten arc weld of 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn austenitic stainless steel was made to quantify the thermal profile developed during large-scale multi-pass welding. Interpass temperatures as high as 330 degrees C were observed in the heat affected zone during the six hour welding procedure. Specimens were removed from a second 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn weld such that their microstructure contained a mixture of austenite and ferrite; these specimens were then subjected to isothermal holds and thermal cycling using a Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical weld simulator. The ferrite to sigma phase transformation was quantified by a combination of MagneGage ferrite number measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Sigma phase formation occurred very rapidly at 800 - 900 degrees C, with significant amounts forming in tens of seconds. Weld simulation by thermal cycling also formed sigma phase, indicating that 22Cr-13Ni-5Mn filler metal should be used with care during multi-pass welding. Consideration of the effects of high interpass temperatures by temperature isotherm calculations suggests the presence of an optimal range for sigma phase formation during multi-pass welding. C1 [Balch, D. K.; Puskar, J. D.; Somerday, B. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Balch, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-842-7 PY 2006 BP 957 EP 962 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BPT87 UT WOS:000279918300153 ER PT J AU Kim, HI Lince, JR Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Kim, HI Lince, JR Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A TI Environmental effects on the friction of hydrogenated DLC films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE friction mechanisms; diamond-like carbon; coatings; friction-reducing; unlubricated friction; vapor phase lubrication; water ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SUPERLOW FRICTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WEAR PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; PRESSURE; VACUUM AB We have investigated environmental effects on hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) films under various pressures of H2O, O-2, and N-2 by ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) tribometry. The H-DLC film exhibits an ultralow coefficient of friction (mu = 0.004 in UHV). The mu value increases with increasing pressure of H2O and O-2. Specifically, mu increases up to 0.07 under 10 Torr of H2O, and up to 0.03 under 150 Torr of O-2; these are typical H2O and O-2 contents respectively in ambient air. Our results are consistent with similar environmental effects previously reported. But, we have also discovered that these friction changes are reversible, returning to the ultralow value when UHV is restored. The reversibility of the friction behavior in both environments, coupled with the lack of evidence of tribochemical changes by Auger electron spectroscopy, suggest that the observed friction changes are due to the weakly adsorbed gas molecules that influence the friction property by physically separating the H-DLC interface. Speed-dependent tribometry also supports this argument. In addition, two DLC films with different hydrogen contents and with widely different friction coefficients in UHV are shown to exhibit identical mu values under humid environments, further demonstrating that the frictional properties of these DLC films are essentially determined by the surface layer of adsorbed gas molecules. C1 Aerosp Corp, Tribol Sect, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, HI (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Tribol Sect, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM hyun.i.kim@aero.org RI Lince, Jeffrey/N-1437-2013 OI Lince, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6545-6346 NR 20 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-9008-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 020SL UT WOS:000235930600007 ER PT J AU Ivashchenko, VI Turchi, PEA AF Ivashchenko, VI Turchi, PEA TI Atomic-scale sliding friction of amorphous and nanostructured SiC and diamond surfaces SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 15-19, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Soc Tribol & Lubricat Engineers DE friction mechanisms; stick-slip friction; unlubricated friction; carbides; diamond ID METALLIC GLASSES; WEAR; COATINGS; SIMULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; ORDER AB Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are applied to study the sliding friction of amorphous silicon carbide on amorphous silicon carbide, amorphous silicon carbide on diamond, nano-crystalline silicon carbide on diamond, and crystalline silicon on diamond systems. The friction coefficient and structural evolution of these systems are investigated as functions of sliding velocity temperature, and normal load. Based on our results, the physics of atomic-scale sliding friction in crystalline nanocrystalline, and amorphous materials under investigation is clarified. The established regularities are validated with available experimental results. C1 NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ivashchenko, VI (reprint author), NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, Krzhyzhanovsky Str 3, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1080/05698190500486340 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 016UX UT WOS:000235647200008 ER PT S AU Vaniman, D AF Vaniman, David BE Heiken, G TI Tuff mineralogy SO TUFFS - THEIR PROPERTIES, USES, HYDROLOGY, AND RESOURCES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaniman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2408-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2006 VL 408 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1130/2006.2408(2.2) PG 5 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLY06 UT WOS:000271389200003 ER PT S AU Wohletz, K AF Wohletz, Kenneth BE Heiken, G TI Fractures in welded tuff SO TUFFS - THEIR PROPERTIES, USES, HYDROLOGY, AND RESOURCES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohletz, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2408-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2006 VL 408 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1130/2006.2408(2.3) PG 15 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLY06 UT WOS:000271389200004 ER PT J AU Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen TI Multicellular and multigenerational responses to TGF beta. SO TUMOR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-4283 J9 TUMOR BIOL JI Tumor Biol. PY 2006 VL 27 SU 2 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 120IR UT WOS:000243078700014 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ AF Bissell, Mina J. TI New 3D models to study mammary morphogenesis and invasion. SO TUMOR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-4283 J9 TUMOR BIOL JI Tumor Biol. PY 2006 VL 27 SU 2 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 120IR UT WOS:000243078700034 ER PT S AU Subramania, G Lee, YJ Verley, JC Fleming, JG El-Kady, I Luk, TS Clem, PG Brener, I AF Subramania, G. Lee, Y. J. Verley, J. C. Fleming, J. G. El-Kady, I. Luk, T. S. Clem, P. G. Brener, I. BE Braun, PV Weiss, SM TI Complete three dimensional gap photonic crystals in the near infrared and visible wavelengths for sensing applications - art. no. 632204 SO Tuning the Optic Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Tuning the Optic Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures III CY AUG 14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 3D photonic crystals; visible photonic crystals; electron beam lithography ID MICROCAVITY; TUNGSTEN; SLAB AB We describe various three dimensional photonic crystals fabricated from two methods - step-and-repeat projection lithography and multi level electron beam direct write - with bandgap in the optical frequency for potential sensor application. The tungsten woodpile lattice fabricated with step-and-repeat photolithography exhibits a thermal emission peak centered at similar to 2 un wavelength with less than 30% peak emission for wavelengths > 4 pm. The tungsten photonic crystal has also been investigated for application as a damage sensor in structures under mechanical stress. Using a multilevel electron beam direct write., we have fabricated prototype woodpile lattices of nano crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gold and titanium oxide. The 4 layer silicon woodpile PC exhibits a stop band centered at 1.5 mu m as measured by micro reflectance and transmission spectroscopy. We have also introduced line and point defects in the 5(th) layer of a 9 layer amorphous silicon lattice, in order to explore them as sensor structures. We also fabricated a 4 layer Au woodpile lattice which shows broad high reflectivity at longer wavelengths with a sharp roll off near 1.5 mu m. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013; Verley, Jason/C-2026-2008 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814; Verley, Jason/0000-0003-2184-677X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6401-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6322 BP 32204 EP 32204 AR 632204 DI 10.1117/12.682490 PG 13 WC Crystallography; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Crystallography; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFI33 UT WOS:000241987900004 ER PT S AU Yu, H Sahoo, RK Howson, C Almasi, G Castanos, JG Gupta, M Moreira, JE Parker, JJ Engelsiepen, TE Ross, RB Thakur, R Latham, R Gropp, WD AF Yu, H. Sahoo, R. K. Howson, C. Almasi, G. Castanos, J. G. Gupta, M. Moreira, J. E. Parker, J. J. Engelsiepen, T. E. Ross, R. B. Thakur, R. Latham, R. Gropp, W. D. GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI High performance file I/O for the Blue Gene/L supercomputer SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture CY FEB 11-15, 2006 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCCA, intel, AMD, IBM, Austin Res Lam, Sun Microsyst AB Parallel I/O plays a crucial role for most data-intensive applications running on massively parallel systems like Blue Gene/L that provides the promise of delivering enormous computational capability. We designed and implemented a highly scalable parallel file I/O architecture for Blue Gene/L, which leverages the benefit of the hierarchical and functional partitioning design of the system software with separate computational and I/O cores. The architecture exploits the scalability aspect of GPFS (General Parallel File System) at the backend, while using. MPI I/O as an interface between the application I/O and the file system. We demonstrate the impact of our high performance I/O solution for Blue Gene/L with a comprehensive evaluation that consists of a number of widely used parallel I/O benchmarks and I/O intensive applications. Our design and implementation is not only able to deliver at least one order of magnitude speed up in terms of I/O bandwidth for a real-scale application HOMME [7] (achieving aggregate bandwidth of 1.8 GB/Sec and 2.3 GB/Sec for write and read accesses, respectively), but also supports high-level parallel I/O data interfaces such as parallel HDF5 and parallel NetCDF scaling up to a large number of processors. C1 [Yu, H.; Sahoo, R. K.; Howson, C.; Almasi, G.; Castanos, J. G.; Gupta, M.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Moreira, J. E.; Parker, J. J.] IBM Syst & Tech Grp, Rochester, MN USA. [Engelsiepen, T. E.] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA USA. [Ross, R. B.; Thakur, R.; Latham, R.; Gropp, W. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, MCS, Argonne, IL USA. RP Yu, H (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM yuh@us.ibm.com; rsahoo@us.ibm.com; chowson@us.ibm.com; gheorghe@us.ibm.com; castanos@us.ibm.com; mgupta@us.ibm.com; jmoreira@us.ibm.com; jjparker@us.ibm.com; engelspn@almaden.ibm.com; rross@mcs.anl.gov; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375; Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-0897 BN 0-7803-9368-6 J9 INT S HIGH PERF COMP PY 2006 BP 190 EP + DI 10.1109/HPCA.2006.1598125 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BEG22 UT WOS:000237200400019 ER PT S AU Ayers, CW Hsu, JS AF Ayers, C. W. Hsu, J. S. BE Wesling, P Erickson, K TI Fundamentals of a floating loop concept based on R134a refrigerant cooling of high heat flux electronics SO TWENTY SECOND ANNUAL IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS 2006 SE Proceedings IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 14-16, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, CPMT, NIST DE direct cooling; two-phase cooling; R134a; refrigerant; thermal management; high-heat flux electronics; floating loop; hybrid-electric drive cooling AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) has been developing technologies to address the thermal concerns associated with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This work is part of the ongoing FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies program (FCVT), performed for the Department of Energy (DOE). Removal of the heat generated from electrical losses in traction motors and their associated power electronics is essential for the reliable operation of motors and power electronics. As part of a larger thermal management project, which includes shrinking inverter size and direct cooling of electronics, ORNL has developed U.S. Patent No. 6,772,603 B2, Methods and Apparatus for Thermal Management of Vehicle Systems and Components [1], and patent pending Floating Loop System for Cooling Integrated Motors and Inverters Using Hot Liquid Refrigerant [2]. The floating-loop system provides a large coefficient of performance (COP) for hybrid-electric drive component cooling. This loop (based on R-134a) shares a vehicle's existing air-conditioning (AC) condenser, which dissipates waste heat to the ambient air. Because the temperature requirements for cooling of power electronics and electric machines are not as low as that required for passenger compartment air, this adjoining loop can operate on the high-pressure side of the existing AC system. This arrangement also allows for the floating loop to run without the need for the compressor and only needs a small pump to move the liquid refrigerant. For the design to be viable, the loop must not adversely affect the existing system. The loop would also provide a high COP, a flat temperature profile, and a low pressure drop. C1 [Ayers, C. W.; Hsu, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ayers, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. EM ayerscw@ornl.gov; hsujs@ornl.gov FU DOE; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to thank Susan Rogers with DOE for supporting this research work.; The submitted document is prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 1-4244-0153-4 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2006 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1109/STHERM.2006.1625207 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BEI53 UT WOS:000237341100010 ER PT S AU Lowe, KT Ayers, CW Hsu, JS AF Lowe, K. T. Ayers, C. W. Hsu, J. S. BE Wesling, P Erickson, K TI Operating controls and dynamics for floating refrigerant loop for high heat flux electronics SO TWENTY SECOND ANNUAL IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS 2006 SE Proceedings IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 14-16, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, CPMT, NIST DE direct cooling; refrigerant; thermal management; high heat flux electronics; floating loop AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) has been developing technologies to address the thermal issues associated with hybrid vehicles. This work is part of the ongoing FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program, performed for the Department of Energy (DOE). Removal of the heat generated from electrical losses in traction motors and their associated power electronics is essential for the reliable operation of motors and power electronics. As part of a larger thermal management project, which includes shrinking inverter size and direct cooling of electronics, ORNL has developed U.S. Patent No. 6,772,603 B2, Methods and Apparatus for Thermal Management of Vehicle Systems and Components [1], and patent pending Floating Loop System for Cooling Integrated Motors and Inverters Using Hot Liquid Refrigerant [2]. The floating-loop system provides a large coefficient of performance (COP) for hybrid drive component cooling. This loop uses R-134a as a coolant and shares the vehicle's existing air-conditioning (AC) condenser, which dissipates waste heat to the ambient air. Because temperature requirements for cooling power electronics and electric machines are not as low as that required for passenger compartment air, this adjoining loop can operate on the high-pressure side of the existing AC system. This arrangement also allows for the floating loop to run without a compressor and requires only a small pump to move the liquid refrigerant. For the design to be viable, the loop must not adversely affect the existing system. The loop should also, ideally, provide a high COP, a flat temperature profile, and low pressure drop. To date, the floating-loop test prototype has successfully removed 2 kW of heat load in a 9 kW automobile passenger AC system with and without the automotive AC system running. However, during the cyclic operation of the floating refrigerant loop, some two-phase transient behavior is evident. In order to maintain stable running conditions, specific operating controls were implemented. Also thermodynamic energy balances were conducted to further analyze the operating conditions. C1 [Lowe, K. T.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ayers, C. W.; Hsu, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37830 USA. RP Lowe, KT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lowekt@ornl.gov; hsujs@ornl.gov FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 1-4244-0153-4 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2006 BP 126 EP + DI 10.1109/STHERM.2006.1625217 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BEI53 UT WOS:000237341100020 ER PT B AU Beyerlein, IJ Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Tome, Carlos N. BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Horita, Z Zehetbauer, MJ Semiatin, SL Lowe, TC TI Modeling directional anisotropy in grains subjected to large strains and strain path changes SO Ultrafine Grained Materials IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm, Mat Proc & Mfg Div DE anisotropy; ECAE; latent hardening; strain path change; mechanical properties ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION; SLIP AB In this paper we explore the mechanisms that govern the subsequent flow stress in pure copper processed by one pass of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The results suggest that (1) a Bauschinger effect manifests in the response of ECAE material when compressed along the billet axis and (2) the localized destruction of laminar dislocation boundaries generated by ECAE process govern the work-softening response when compressed along the flow plane or along the top of the billet. The model features directional slip vectors to account for possible directional anisotropy in the single crystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA PY 2006 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BEQ28 UT WOS:000238900400010 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Jiang, B Erni, R Browning, ND Spence, JCH AF Jiang, N Jiang, B Erni, R Browning, ND Spence, JCH TI Experimental and theoretical improvements on understanding of the OK-edge of TeO2 SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE TeO2; electron energy loss spectroscopy ID CORE EXCITONS; ELECTRON-GAS; ENERGY; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB Using an electron monochromator attached to an electron microscope, high energy-resolution electron energy-loss spectra collected from TeO2, have revealed new features in the Oxygen K-edge. Using density-functional theory in the local density and the generalized gradient approximation, we find that core-hole strength of 1.3 gives an excellent fit to our high-resolution experimental data. This indicates that screening is not weak in this oxide, as normally assumed, and that neither the ground state nor a full core-hole model is adequate in quantitative reproduction of the 0 K-edge in the TeO2 System. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM nan.jiang@asu.edu RI Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2006 VL 106 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.06.062 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 001LZ UT WOS:000234535900007 PM 16125844 ER PT S AU Temirov, J Bradbury, A Werner, J AF Temirov, Jamshid Bradbury, Andrew Werner, James BE Enderlein, J Gryczynski, ZK TI Surface-immobilized antibody-antigen binding studies by single molecule fluorescence imaging - art. no. 609200 SO Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies CY JAN 21-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE antibody; antigen; affinity; binding; fluorescence imaging; single molecule; quantum dot ID SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; BLINKING; PROTEINS; DYNAMICS; TRACKING AB In this work we report Single Molecule (SM) microscopy studies of binding events between individual surface-immobilized antibodies and fluorescent antigens using Total Internal Reflection (TIR) microscopy. Specific binding events of single biotin-conjugated 'quantum dots to anti-biotin antibodies, immobilized on an amine-coated cover glass using a heterobifunctional photo-reactive cross-linker were observed. The methodology of calculating the binding affinity (dissociation constant) from the time series of 2-D images is described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Temirov, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6134-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6092 BP 9200 EP 9200 AR 609200 DI 10.1117/12.645334 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BEL16 UT WOS:000237698500019 ER PT S AU Cotlet, M Goodwin, PM Waldo, GS Werner, JH AF Cotlet, Mircea Goodwin, Peter M. Waldo, Geoffrey S. Werner, James H. BE Enderlein, J Gryczynski, ZK TI Time-resolved detection of the one- and two-photon excited fluorescence of single molecules of a folding enhanced green fluorescent protein - art. no. 609204 SO Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies CY JAN 21-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE single molecule studies; green fluorescent proteins; two-photon excitation; photoconversion ID EXPONENTIAL DECAY PARAMETERS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FLOWING SAMPLE STREAMS; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; EXCITATION; IDENTIFICATION; REVEALS AB We use time-resolved single molecule fluorescence detection (MSMD) to investigate the fluorescence dynamics of a mutant of the wild-type Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, the folding enhanced GFP (FEGFP). The folding enhanced GFP is a novel and robust variant designed for in vivo high-throughput screening of protein expression levels. This variant shows increased thermal stability and the ability to retain its fluorescence when fused to poorly folding proteins. Here we apply one- (OPE) and two- (TPE) photon excitation on freely diffusing FEGFP molecules. Under OPE, single FEGFP molecules undergo fluorescence flickering in the time scale of mu s and tens of mu s due to triplet formation and ground-state protonation-deprotonation, respectively. OPE fluorescence lifetimes of single FEGFP molecules show evidence for the presence of different emitting species, the 1 and B forms of FEGFP chromophore. TPE single FEGFP molecules flicker in fluorescence in the time scale of mu s due to singlet-triplet transitions of the chromophore. Two-photon excitation of single FEGFP molecules results in the creation of a photoconverted species with a fluorescence lifetime of 2.5 ns, a species which is bright enough to be detected at the single molecule level. Our results indicate FEGFP is a promising fusion reporter for intracellular applications when using OPE and TPE microscopy with single molecule sensitivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cotlet, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cotlet, Mircea/C-5004-2008; OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6134-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6092 BP 9204 EP 9204 AR 609204 DI 10.1117/12.646697 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BEL16 UT WOS:000237698500003 ER PT S AU Lessard, GA Goodwin, PM Werner, JH AF Lessard, Guillaume A. Goodwin, Peter M. Werner, James H. BE Enderlein, J Gryczynski, ZK TI Three-dimensional tracking of fluorescent particles - art. no. 609205 SO Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies CY JAN 21-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE fluorescence; microscopy; particle tracking ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE MOLECULES; 3 DIMENSIONS; MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; FIBROBLASTS; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; OPTICS; CELLS AB Single molecule measurements are generally made in conditions that depart from physiological conditions, such as with molecules excised from cells or even immobilized on surfaces. Such departures can easily cause measurements on biomolecules to be inexact. A tracking instrument to follow a single molecule's path in three dimensions inside a living cell would be a major step towards enabling single-molecule observations in physiological conditions. We describe an instrument that will extend the state of the art in single-molecule tracking technology, allowing extended observations of single particles as they diffuse and are transported. Computations show that our approach should be capable of tracking a protein-sized object diffusing at intracellular speeds for average times of over two seconds - long enough to track a typical fluorescent molecule from capture to photobleaching. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lessard, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6134-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6092 BP 9205 EP 9205 AR 609205 DI 10.1117/12.650191 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BEL16 UT WOS:000237698500004 ER PT S AU Hu, DH Lu, P AF Hu, Dehong Lu, Peter BE Enderlein, J Gryczynski, ZK TI Single molecule electron transfer process of ruthenium complexes SO ULTRASENSITIVE AND SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrasensitive and Single-Molecule Detection Technologies CY JAN 21-24, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photon antibunching; single-molecule electron transfer; ruthenium complex; phosphorescence; lifetime ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHOTON STATISTICS; FLUORESCENCE; METALLOINTERCALATORS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DYE AB Transition metal complexes such as ruthenium complexes, having metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states, are extensively used in solar energy conversion and electron transfer in biological systems and at interfaces. The dynamics of metal-to-ligand charge transfer and subsequent intermolecular, intramolecular, and interfacial electron transfer processes can be highly complex and inhomogeneous, especially when molecules are involved in interactions and perturbations from heterogeneous local environments and gated by conformation fluctuations. We have employed single-molecule spectroscopy, a powerful approach for studying inhomogeneous systems, to study the electron transfer dynamics of ruthenium complexes. We have applied a range of statistical analysis methods to reveal nonclassical photon emission behaviors of single ruthenium complexes, e.g., photon antibunching and photophysical ground-state recovering dynamics on a microsecond time-scale. The use of photon antibunching to measure phosphorescence lifetimes and single-molecule electron transfer dynamics at room temperature is demonstrated, which is a novel way of probing ground state regeneration in back electron transfer processes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6134-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6092 AR 609207 DI 10.1117/12.638845 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BEL16 UT WOS:000237698500006 ER PT S AU Wick, DV Bagwell, BE Sweatt, WC Peterson, GL Martinez, T Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Payne, DM Romeo, R AF Wick, David V. Bagwell, Brett E. Sweatt, William C. Peterson, Gary L. Martinez, Ty Restaino, Sergio R. Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Payne, Don M. Romeo, Robert BE Gamiz, VL Idell, PS Strojnik, MS TI Active optical zoom for space-based imaging - art. no. 63070A SO Unconventional Imaging II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging II CY AUG 13-14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE active optics; deformable mirrors; MEMS; zoom lenses ID CRYSTAL; MODULATOR; LENS AB The development of sensors that are compact, lighter weight, and adaptive is critical for the success of future military initiatives. Space-based systems need the flexibility of a wide FOV for surveillance while simultaneously maintaining high-resolution for threat identification and tracking from a single, nonmechanical imaging system. In order to meet these stringent requirements, the military needs revolutionary alternatives to conventional imaging systems. We will present recent progress in active optical (aka nonmechanical) zoom for space applications. Active optical zoom uses multiple active optics elements to change the magnification of the imaging system. In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, continuous mechanical zoom systems require multiple optical elements and use fine mechanical motion to precisely adjust the separations between individual or groups of elements. By incorporating active elements into the optical design, we have designed, demonstrated, and patented imaging systems that are capable of variable optical magnification with no macroscopic moving parts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6386-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6307 BP A3070 EP A3070 AR 63070A DI 10.1117/12.696346 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFI30 UT WOS:000241987300010 ER PT B AU Kimura, R Krishnan, K Camarero, JA AF Kimura, Richard Krishnan, Krish Camarero, Julio A. BE Blondelle, SE TI Biosynthesis of the cyclotide Kalata B1 using protein splicing tools SO UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGY USING PEPTIDES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Peptide Soc, AAPPTEC, Amer Peptide Co, Amer Hlth/GE Healthcare, Amgen, BACHEM, BIOMOL Int, C S Bio Co, Cambridge Res Biochem, Chemico Int, Chem Today, Eli Lilly & Co, ESCOM Sci Fdn, Genentech, Hoffman La Roche, Merck Res Labs, Midwest Bio Tech, NeoMPS Inc, New England BioLabs Inc, Novo Nordisk A S, Peptides Int Inc, PharmaChem Lab, PolyPeptide Labs, RSP Amino Acide LLC, Senn Chem USA, Sinopep Pharmaceut Inc, SynPep Corp, Synthetech, UCB Bioproducts C1 [Kimura, Richard; Camarero, Julio A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Krishnan, Krish] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kimura, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. We thank Dr. David Craik, University of Queensland, Australia, for kindly providing a sample of natural Kalata B1. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-26569-4 PY 2006 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-26575-9_98 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFA80 UT WOS:000240543800098 ER PT B AU Kwon, Y Coleman, MA Camarero, JA AF Kwon, Youngeun Coleman, Matthew A. Camarero, Julio A. BE Blondelle, SE TI New tools for the site-specific attachment of proteins to surface SO UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGY USING PEPTIDES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Peptide Soc, AAPPTEC, Amer Peptide Co, Amer Hlth/GE Healthcare, Amgen, BACHEM, BIOMOL Int, C S Bio Co, Cambridge Res Biochem, Chemico Int, Chem Today, Eli Lilly & Co, ESCOM Sci Fdn, Genentech, Hoffman La Roche, Merck Res Labs, Midwest Bio Tech, NeoMPS Inc, New England BioLabs Inc, Novo Nordisk A S, Peptides Int Inc, PharmaChem Lab, PolyPeptide Labs, RSP Amino Acide LLC, Senn Chem USA, Sinopep Pharmaceut Inc, SynPep Corp, Synthetech, UCB Bioproducts ID LIGATION C1 [Kwon, Youngeun; Camarero, Julio A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Coleman, Matthew A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kwon, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-26569-4 PY 2006 BP 728 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-26575-9_323 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFA80 UT WOS:000240543800323 ER PT S AU Nassr, MS Jun, J Eidenbenz, SJ Frigo, JR Hansson, AA Mielke, AM Smith, MC AF Nassr, Matthew S. Jun, Jangeun Eidenbenz, Stephan J. Frigo, Janette R. Hansson, Anders A. Mielke, Angela M. Smith, Mark C. BE Carapezza, EM TI Development, implementation, and experimentation of parametric routing protocol for sensor networks SO Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks III CY SEP 11-12, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN DE sensor networks; routing Protocols; TinyOS; protocol development AB The development of a scalable and reliable routing protocol for sensor networks is traced from a theoretical beginning to positive simulation results to the end of verification experiments in large and heavily loaded networks. Design decisions and explanations as well as implementation hurdles are presented to give a complete picture of protocol development. Additional software and hardware is required to accurately test the performance of our protocol in field experiments. In addition, the developed protocol is tested in TinyOS on Mica2 motes against well-established routing protocols frequently used in sensor networks. Our protocol proves to outperform the standard (MINTRoute) and the trivial (Gossip) in a variety of different scenarios. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nassr, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Eidenbenz, Stephan/0000-0002-2628-1854; Frigo, Janette/0000-0002-1725-5195 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6394 BP U45 EP U54 DI 10.1117/12.692907 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BFR20 UT WOS:000243928500004 ER PT B AU Francis, AJ AF Francis, AJ BE Merkel, BJ HascheBerger, A TI Biotransformation of uranium complexed with organic ligands SO Uranium in the Environment: Mining Impact and Consequences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology CY SEP, 2005 CL Freiberg, GERMANY ID METAL-CITRATE COMPLEXES; BIODEGRADATION; IRON AB Natural ligands call affect the bacterial metabolism and reductive precipitation of uranium. The metabolism of metal-organic complexes by bacteria depends upon the type of complex formed between the metal and organic ligand. For example, Fe(Ill) Forms a bidentate complex with citric acid, and was readily metabolized by Pseudomonas fluorescens under aerobic conditions, whereas the binuclear complex formed between U and citric acid was recalcitrant. When supplied with ail electron donor, anaerobic bacteria reduced U(Vl)-citrate to U(IV)-citrate with little precipitation of uranium. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy analysis showed that the reduced uranium was present in solution as rnononuclear U(IV)-citrate complex. These results Suggest that when reduced uranium is complexed with organic ligands, it can be mobile. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Francis, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-28363-3 PY 2006 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1007/3-540-28367-6_19 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDG57 UT WOS:000233396400019 ER PT J AU Sahni, V AF Sahni, Varun BE Ganguly, S Shoup, B Scobell, A TI LIMITED COOPERATION BETWEEN LIMITED ALLIES India's strategic programs and India-US strategic trade SO US-INDIAN STRATEGIC COOPERATION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY: MORE THAN WORDS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sahni, Varun] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110067, India. [Sahni, Varun] Foreign Serv Inst, Indian Foreign Serv, New Delhi, India. [Sahni, Varun] Lincoln Coll, Oxford, England. [Sahni, Varun] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sahni, Varun] CIDE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Sahni, Varun] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Sahni, V (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi 110067, India. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL INC PI NEW YORK PA 29 WEST 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-94674-9 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2006 BP 173 EP 191 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BMG04 UT WOS:000272245500009 ER PT B AU Dreger, H Feldmann, A Mai, M Paxson, V Sommer, R AF Dreger, Holger Feldmann, Anja Mai, Michael Paxson, Vern Sommer, Robin GP USENIX TI Dynamic application-layer protocol analysis for network intrusion detection SO USENIX Association Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Security Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th USENIX Security Symposium CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Many network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) rely on protocol-specific analyzers to extract the higher-level semantic context from a traffic stream. To select the correct kind of analysis, traditional systems exclusively depend on well-known port numbers. However, based on our experience, increasingly significant portions of today's traffic are not classifiable by such a scheme. Yet for a NIDS, this traffic is very interesting, as a primary reason for not using a standard port is to evade security and policy enforcement monitoring. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a NIDS extension to perform dynamic application-layer protocol analysis. For each connection, the system first identifies potential protocols in use and then activates appropriate analyzers to verify the decision and extract higher-level semantics. We demonstrate the power of our enhancement with three examples: reliable detection of applications not using their standard ports, payload inspection of FTP data transfers, and detection of IRC-based botnet clients and servers. Prototypes of our system currently run at the border of three large-scale operational networks. Due to its success, the bot-detection is already integrated into a dynamic inline blocking of production traffic at one of the sites. C1 Tech Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Int Comp Sci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreger, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 978-1-931971-45-4 PY 2006 BP 257 EP 272 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ36 UT WOS:000245599800018 ER PT S AU Wong, PC Chin, G Foote, H Mackey, P Thomas, J AF Wong, Pak Chung Chin, George, Jr. Foote, Harlan Mackey, Patrick Thomas, Jim BA Keim, D BF Keim, D BE Wong, PC TI Have green - A visual analytics framework for large semantic graphs SO VAST 2006: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc DE visual analytics; graph and network visualization; information analytics; information visualization ID NETWORKS; DATABASE; TOOL AB A semantic graph is a network of heterogeneous nodes and links annotated with a domain ontology. In intelligence analysis, investigators use semantic graphs to organize concepts and relationships as graph nodes and links in hopes of discovering key trends, patterns, and insights. However, as new information continues to arrive from a multitude of sources, the size and complexity of the semantic graphs will soon overwhelm an investigations cognitive capacity to carry out significant analyses. We introduce a powerful visual analytics framework designed to enhance investigators natural analytical capabilities to comprehend and analyze large semantic graphs. The paper describes the overall framework design, presents major development accomplishments to date, and discusses future directions of a new visual analytics system known as Have Green. C1 [Wong, Pak Chung; Chin, George, Jr.; Foote, Harlan; Mackey, Patrick; Thomas, Jim] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wong, PC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pak.wong@pnl.gov; george.chin@pnl.gov; harlan.foote@pnl.gov; patrick.mackey@pnl.gov; jim.thomas@pnl.gov FU National Visualization and Analytics CenterTM (NVACTM) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work has been sponsored in part by the National Visualization and Analytics CenterTM (NVACTM) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 1-4244-0591-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2006 BP 67 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFO65 UT WOS:000243470000009 ER PT S AU Bethel, EW Campbell, S Dart, E Stockinger, K Wu, KS AF Bethel, E. Wes Campbell, Scott Dart, Eli Stockinger, Kurt Wu, Kesheng BA Keim, D BF Keim, D BE Wong, PC TI Accelerating network traffic analytics using query-driven visualization SO VAST 2006: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc DE query-driven visualization; network security; data mining; visual analytics AB Realizing operational analytics solutions where large and complex data must be analyzed in a time-critical fashion entails integrating many different types of technology. This paper focuses on an interdisciplinary combination of scientific data management and visualization/analysis technologies targeted at reducing the time required for data filtering, querying, hypothesis testing and knowledge discovery in the domain of network connection data analysis. We show that use of compressed bitmap indexing can quickly answer queries in an interactive visual data analysis application, and compare its performance with two alternatives for serial and parallel filtering/querying on 2.5 billion records' worth of network connection data collected over a period of 42 weeks. Our approach to visual network connection data exploration centers oil two primary factors: interactive ad-hoc and multiresolution query forinulation and execution over n dimensions and visual display of the n-dimensional histogram results. This combination is applied ill a case study to detect a distributed network scan and to then identify the set of remote hosts participating in the attack. Our approach is sufficiently general to be applied to a diverse set of data understanding problems as well as used in conjunction with a diverse set of analysis and Visualization tools. C1 [Bethel, E. Wes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Scott] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Comp Ctr Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dart, Eli] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Sci Network, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stockinger, Kurt; Wu, Kesheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bethel, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ewbethel@lbl.gov; scampbell@lbl.gov; dart@es.net; kstockinger@lbl.gov; kwu@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to a LBNL Technical Report [LBNL-59166] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions by Steven A. Smith, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brian Tierney and Jason Lee, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to a LBNL Technical Report LBNL-59166, which is a predecessor of the work reported in this paper. The authors wish to particularly thank Smith for a suggestion that evolved into the inspiration for using FastBits histogram bins as the source of visual analytics in performing guided query formulation. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 1-4244-0591-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2006 BP 115 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFO65 UT WOS:000243470000015 ER PT B AU Scholtz, J AF Scholtz, Jean BA Keim, D BF Keim, D BE Wong, PC TI Beyond usability: Evaluation aspects of visual analytic environments SO VAST 2006: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc DE visualization; analytic environments; metrics AB A new field of research. visual analytics, has recently been introduced. This has been defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces" [20]. Visual analytic environments, therefore, support analytical reasoning using visual representations and interactions, with data representations and transformation capabilities, to support production, presentation. and dissemination. As researchers begin to develop visual analytic environments, it will be advantageous to develop metrics and methodologies to help researchers measure the progress of their work and understand the impact their work will have on the users who will work in such environments. This paper presents five areas or aspects of visual analytic environments that should be considered as metrics and methodologies for evaluation are developed. Evaluation aspects need to include usability, but it is necessary to go beyond basic usability. The areas of situation awareness, collaboration. interaction. creativity, and utility are proposed as the five evaluation areas for initial consideration. The steps that need to be undertaken to develop systematic evaluation methodologies and metrics for visual analytic environments are outlined. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jean.scholtz@pnl.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0591-2 J9 IEEE S VIS ANAL PY 2006 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFO65 UT WOS:000243470000019 ER PT S AU Grinstein, G O'Connell, T Laskowski, S Plaisant, C Scholtz, J Whiting, M AF Grinstein, Georges O'Connell, Theresa Laskowski, Sharon Plaisant, Catherine Scholtz, Jean Whiting, Mark BA Keim, D BF Keim, D BE Wong, PC TI VAST 2006 contest - A tale of Alderwood SO VAST 2006: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc DE visual analytics; human information interaction; sense making evaluation; metrics; contest AB Visual analytics experts realize that one effective way to push the field forward and to develop metrics for measuring the performance of various visual analytics components is to hold an annual competition. The first Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) contest was held in conjunction with the 2006 IEEE VAST Symposium. The competition entailed the identification of possible political shenanigans in the fictitious town of Alderwood. A synthetic data set was made available as well as tasks. We summarize how we prepared and advertised the contest, developed some initial metrics for evaluation, and selected the winners. The winners were invited to participate at an additional live competition at the symposium to provide them with feedback from senior analysts. C1 [Grinstein, Georges] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [O'Connell, Theresa] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Laskowski, Sharon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sharon, PA USA. [Plaisant, Catherine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Scholtz, Jean; Whiting, Mark] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Grinstein, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM grinstein@cs.uml.edu; theresa.oconnell@nist.gov; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; plaisant@cs.umd.edu; jean.scholtz@pnl.gov; mark.a.whiting@pnl.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 FU Disruptive Technology Office; National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported in part by the Disruptive Technology Office and by the National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 1-4244-0591-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2006 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BFO65 UT WOS:000243470000028 ER PT J AU Bernstein, A Bowden, N AF Bernstein, Adam Bowden, Nathaniel BE Avenhaus, R Kyriakopoulos, N Richard, M Stein, G TI Monitoring Reactors with Cubic Meter Scale Antineutrino Detectors SO VERIFYING TREATY COMPLIANCE: LIMITING WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND MONITORING KYOTO PROTOCOL PROVISIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bernstein, Adam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bowden, Nathaniel] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bernstein, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bernstein3@llnl.gov; nbowden@sandia.gov OI Bowden, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6115-0956 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-33854-3 PY 2006 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1007/3-540-33854-3_24 D2 10.1007/3-540-33854-3 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BKS13 UT WOS:000269058700026 ER PT S AU Serkland, DK Peake, GM Geib, KM Lutwak, R Garvey, RM Varghese, M Mescher, M AF Serkland, Darwin K. Peake, Gregory M. Geib, Kent M. Lutwak, Robert Garvey, R. Michael Varghese, Mathew Mescher, Mark BE Lei, C Choquette, KD TI VCSELs for atomic clocks - art. no. 613208 SO Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers X CY JAN 25-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; atomic clock; spectroscopy; cesium; rubidium; linewidth; relative intensity noise; frequency standard ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; RESONANCES; VAPOR AB The spectroscopic technique of coherent population trapping (CPT) enables an all-optical interrogation of the ground-state hyperfine splitting of cesium (or rubidium), compared to the optical-microwave double resonance technique conventionally employed in atomic frequency standards. All-optical interrogation enables the reduction of the size and power consumption of an atomic clock by two orders of magnitude, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are preferred optical sources due to their low power consumption and circular output beam. Several research teams are Currently using VCSELs for DARPA's chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) program with the goal of producing an atomic clock having a volume < 1 cm boolean AND 3, a power consumption < 30 mW, and an instability (Allan deviation) < 1 x 10 boolean AND-11 during a 1-hour averaging interval. This paper describes the VCSEL requirements for CPT-based atomic clocks, which include single mode operation, single polarization operation, modulation bandwidth > 4 GHz, low power consumption (for the CSAC), narrow linewidth, and low relative intensity noise (RIN). A significant manufacturing challenge is to reproducibly obtain the required wavelength at the specified VCSEL operating temperature and drive current. Data are presented that show the advantage of operating at the D1 (rather than D2) resonance of the alkali atoms. Measurements of VCSEL linewidth will be discussed in particular, since atomic clock performance is especially sensitive to this parameter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serkland, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6174-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6132 BP 13208 EP 13208 AR 613208 DI 10.1117/12.647095 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF38 UT WOS:000237084500007 ER PT S AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Klem, JF Peake, GM AF Keeler, Gordon A. Serkland, Darwin K. Geib, Kent M. Klem, John F. Peake, Gregory M. BE Lei, C Choquette, KD TI In-situ optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) for VCSEL-based communication systems - art. no. 61320A SO Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers X CY JAN 25-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; VCSEL; fiber optics; optical communications; fiber characterization; scattering measurements; optical tirne-domain reflectornetry; OTDR; in-situ characterization ID NETWORKS AB Optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) is an effective technique for locating faults in fiber communication links. The fact that most OTDR measurements are performed manually is a significant drawback, because it makes them too costly for use in many short-distance networks and too slow for use in military avionic platforms. Here we describe and demonstrate an automated, low-cost, real-time approach to fault monitoring that can be achieved by integrating OTDR functionality directly into VCSEL-based transceivers. This built-in test capability is straightforward to implement and relevant to both multimode and single mode networks. In-situ OTDR uses the transmitter VCSEL already present in data transceivers. Fault monitoring is performed by emitting a brief optical Pulse into the fiber and then turning the VCSEL off. If a fault exists, a portion of the optical pulse returns to the transceiver after a time equal to the round-trip delay through the fiber. In multimode OTDR, the signal is detected by an integrated photodetector, while in single mode OTDR the VCSEL itself can be used as a detector. Modified driver electronics perform the measurement and analysis. We demonstrate that VCSEL-based OTDR has sufficient sensitivity to determine the location of most faults commonly seen in short-haul networks (i.e., the Fresnel reflections from improperly terminated fibers and scattering from raggedly-broken fibers). Results are described for single mode and multimode experiments, at both 850 nm and 1.3 mu m. We discuss the resolution and sensitivity that have been achieved, as well as expected limitations for this novel approach to network monitoring. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6174-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6132 BP A1320 EP A1320 AR 61320A DI 10.1117/12.644176 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF38 UT WOS:000237084500008 ER PT S AU Skourikhine, AN AF Skourikhine, Alexel N. BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI Refinement of axial shape description SO VISION GEOMETRY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry XIV CY JAN 17-18, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE skeleton; axial description; shape description; shape representation; Delaunay triangulation; chordal axis transform ID VORONOI SKELETONS; ALGORITHM; REPRESENTATION; DECOMPOSITION; EXTRACTION; TRANSFORM AB The representation and characterization of planar shapes or regions has important consequences for image processing and image content understanding. Numerous approaches have been developed to provide image analysis with efficient methods to represent shapes. We present a region-based approach to extract a refined axial regional shape description in the form of a skeleton, which is based on the use of the constrained Delaunay triangulation (CDT) and the chordal axis transform (CAT). We elaborate on the exploitation of the approximate edge co-circularity criterion that is used to refine CAT-produced skeletons. The co-circularity criterion enables efficient evaluation of CDT-generated triangle edges lying inside regions (chords), and filters out non-salient chords. The application of this criterion produces smoother skeletons, allows skeleton to have vertices with branching degree higher than three that was due to the use of CDT, and significantly reduces number of skeleton segments. In this paper, in contrast with the chord strength evaluation of the original skeleton rectification algorithm, where chord strength evaluation does not include strengths of its neighboring chords, we introduce smoothing operator to evaluate chord strength by processing chord strengths within local neighborhood. The result of region characterization based on the proposed smoothing-based chord evaluation is that skeleton is more authentic (sensitive) to original shape, while at the same time it preserves all the advantages of the original skeleton rectification scheme. A number of examples, including comparison with skeletons generated by the original CAT-skeleton rectification algorithm, are presented to demonstrate our approach at work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skourikhine, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexei@lanl.gov OI Skurikhin, Alexei/0000-0001-5606-4933 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6106-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6066 AR 606605 DI 10.1117/12.650822 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BEF48 UT WOS:000237091500005 ER PT S AU Havre, SL Shah, A Posse, C Webb-Robertson, BJ AF Havre, Susan L. Shah, Anuj Posse, Christian Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo BE Erbacher, RF Roberts, JC Grohn, MT Borner, K TI Diverse information integration and visualization SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2006 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2006 CY JAN 16-17, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE information visualization; visual analysis; categorical data; parallel coordinates AB This paper presents and explores a technique for Visually integrating and exploring diverse information. Researchers and analysts seeking knowledge and understanding of complex systems have increasing access to related, but diverse, data. These data provide an opportunity to consider entities of interest from Multiple informational perspectives not available from any single. data or information type. These multiple perspectives are derived from diverse, but related data and integrated for simultaneous analysis. Our approach Visualizes multiple entities across Multiple perspectives where each perspective. or dimension, is an alternate partitioning of the entities. The partitioning may be based on inherent or assigned attributes Such as meta-data or prior knowledge captured in annotations. The partitioning may also be directly derived from entity data, for example, clustering, or unsupervised classification, can be applied to multi-dimensional vector entity data to partition the entities into groups, or Clusters. The same entities may be Clustered on data from different experiment types or processing approaches. This reduction of diverse data/information on an entity to a series of partitions, or discrete (and unit-less) categories, allows the User to view the entities across diverse data Without concern for data types and units. Parallel coordinate plots typically Visualize continuous data across multiple dimensions. We adapt parallel coordinate plots for discrete values Such as partition names to allow the comparison of entity patterns across multiple dimension for identifying trends and Outlier entities. We illustrate this approach through a prototype, Juxter (short for Juxtaposer). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Havre, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6100-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6060 AR 60600M DI 10.1117/12.643492 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEF54 UT WOS:000237098700021 ER PT S AU Danneels, JJ AF Danneels, J. J. BE Thompson, KC Gray, J TI Risk assessment methodology for water utilities (RAM-W (TM)) the foundation for emergency response planning SO Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing Our Response SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Water Contamination Emergencies - Enhancing Our Response CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Transportat Secur Risk Assessment, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Danneels, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Transportat Secur Risk Assessment, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-658-5 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2006 IS 302 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BEI39 UT WOS:000237326200015 ER PT S AU Einfeld, W AF Einfeld, W. BE Thompson, KC Gray, J TI Faster, smaller cheaper: Technical innovations for next-generation water monitoring SO Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing Our Response SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Water Contamination Emergencies - Enhancing Our Response CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID SEPARATION; BACTERIA; LIVE AB Following a discussion of the water security context into which advanced monitoring technologies fit, an overview of four specific areas of ongoing micro-analytical sensor research at Sandia National Laboratories is presented in this paper. Micro-analytical sensor system developments are part of a laboratory supported effort to address a variety of monitoring challenges related to distribution system security in the drinking water industry. Included in this paper is a brief review of the status of a liquid microChemLab capillary electrophoresis system for onsite biotoxin and biological monitoring and a gas microChemLab chromatographic system for the analysis of volatiles in water. An innovative sample conditioning method under development known as insulator dielectrophoresis for selective pre-concentration of biological species in water is also discussed. Finally, an overview of a nano-electrode sensor system for the analysis of electro-active species in water is presented. These and other technologies are discussed in the context of how they might be deployed either prior to or following a water contamination event. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Einfeld, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol Dept, POB 5800,MS-0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-658-5 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2006 IS 302 BP 105 EP 115 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BEI39 UT WOS:000237326200016 ER PT S AU Finley, RE AF Finley, R. E. BE Thompson, KC Gray, J TI Water distribution system modeling: An essential component of total system security SO Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing Our Response SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Water Contamination Emergencies - Enhancing Our Response CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ AB One of the major concerns for water utilities in the United States is how to protect the consumers from chemical/biological contamination resulting from surreptitious malevolent attacks within the water distribution system or from accidental contamination from any means. This threat is especially problematic because the ability to detect and then meaningfully describe the movement (migration) and dilution of contaminants is one part of an overall systematic management tool for sensing, predicting, controlling, and treating contaminants within the distribution system. Over the course of the last several years, the need to resolve these important issues has taken on greater urgency. Following September 11, 2001, the United States government directed that vulnerability assessments be completed for the medium and large utilities in the country. While these assessments were an important step forward, the outcomes indicated that distribution systems weren't adequately understood from a security standpoint, nor were the actual threats. Furthermore, given the potential diversity of contaminants, sensor technologies were (and generally still are!) by and large unavailable to detect and identify even a small percentage of the possible contaminants. To make matters even worse, water utilities generally don't have the research budgets or available financial resources to create an early warning system for the sole purpose of security; early warning systems will need to also serve the dual purpose of assessing general water quality. This paper will discuss early warning systems in the context of the need for water distribution system modeling as the tool that can be used to a priori define contamination risks and optimize sensor and response locations, but also will serve to transform data from early warning systems into actionable knowledge. Ongoing activities at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and collaborations with the United States Environmental Protection Agency/National Homeland Security Research Center (EPA/NHSRC) have resulted in development of a number of numerical models and schemes for determining the consequences from a contamination event (in terms of human health effects), tools to efficiently optimize sensor and sampling locations for large data sets, methods to identify the contamination source location in near real time, the ability to include uncertainty in the analyses, and a model to evaluate the likelihood of attacks to water systems. This paper provides an overview of these activities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geohydrol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Finley, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geohydrol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-658-5 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2006 IS 302 BP 126 EP 134 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BEI39 UT WOS:000237326200018 ER PT J AU Yadav, NN Maheswaran, S Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Hart, TR Ngo, HH Vigneswaran, S AF Yadav, Nirbhay Narayan Maheswaran, Saravanamuthu Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai Hart, Todd R. Ngo, Huu Hao Vigneswaran, Saravanamuthu TI Comparison of analytical techniques for analysis of arsenic adsorbed on carbon SO WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; PIXE; inhomogeneous structures; adsorption ID GROUNDWATER; BANGLADESH; SAMPLES; NORTH; PIXE AB Activated carbon (AC) has been used extensively to treat arsenic-contaminated groundwater for a number of years. To date, attempts to quantify directly the amount of arsenic removed by the activated carbon using nondestructive methods has been limited. High-energy ion beam based proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) is ideally suited to investigate the issues regarding the quantification of trace metals in solids. In this study, after the adsorption of arsenic on activated carbon, arsenic concentration in granular activated carbon (GAC) and powder activated carbon (PAC) were quantified using PIXE. The PIXE results were compared with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. Some differences are observed between these measurements. The differences are greater in the case of GAC compared to PAC. These differences are mainly due to the inhomogeneous structure of GAC and PAC, which includes the variable surface properties such as surface area and pore sizes in each granule or particle. The larger differences are mainly due to the increased particle dimensions of GAC compared to PAC and the nature of the internal pore structure of GAC, which results in different amounts of arsenic adsorbed on different granules of GAC or even in different regions of one granule. This inhomogeneity of arsenic concentration is clearly visible in the arsenic concentration map generated for a single GAC particle using microbeam PIXE. C1 Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Univ Western Sydney, Nanoscale Org & Dynam Grp, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Metal Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vigneswaran, S (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. EM svignesw@uts.edu.au RI Ngo, Hao /B-8488-2017; OI Hart, Todd/0000-0001-8013-0689 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN ASSOC WATER QUALITY PI GLOUCESTER PA C/O DR H R EISENHAUER, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOL CENTRE, 3439 RIVER ROAD SOUTH, GLOUCESTER, ONTARIO K1A 0H3, CANADA SN 1201-3080 J9 WATER QUAL RES J CAN JI Water Qual. Res. J. Canada PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 063XY UT WOS:000239054400010 ER PT S AU Walukiewicz, W AF Walukiewicz, W BE Siebentritt, S Rau, U TI Defects and self-compensation in semiconductors SO WIDE-GAP CHALCOPYRITES SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wide-Gap Chalcopyrites CY OCT, 2003 CL Reichenow, GERMANY ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AMPHOTERIC NATIVE DEFECTS; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; P-TYPE ZNSE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-CELLS; II-VI; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE AB Defect formation and doping limits in semiconductors are discussed in terms of the amphoteric defect model (ADM). It is shown that the nature of defects, acceptor-like or donor-like, depends on the location of the Fermi energy relative to a common energy reference, the Fermi level-stabilization energy. The maximum free electron or hole concentration that can be achieved by doping is an intrinsic property of a, given semiconductor and is fully determined by the location of the semiconductor band edges with respect to the same energy reference. The ADM provides a simple phenomenological rule that explains experimentally observed trends in free carrier saturation in a variety of semiconductor materials and their alloys. The predictions of a large enhancement of the maximum electron concentration in III-N-V alloys have been recently confirmed by experiment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, MS 2R0200,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM W_Walukiewicz@lbl.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 3-540-24497-2 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2006 VL 86 BP 35 EP 54 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BEB73 UT WOS:000236576700003 ER PT B AU Laros, JH Segura, C Dauchy, N AF Laros, James H., III Segura, Cynthia Dauchy, Nathan BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Yoshida, E Choo, J TI A minimal linux environment for high performance computing systems SO WMSCI 2006: 10TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/12th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE linux; open source software; clusters; high performance computer; light weight kernel AB This paper describes the use of standard Linux (R) [1] and Open Source software to produce an environment to support parallel scientific applications on High Performance Computers (HPC). The goals of this approach are to maximize the HPC resources delivered to the application, to improve system stability and predictability, and to reduce software management burdens. The simplicity of this approach provides an additional benefit. The paper presents the reader with background, motivations, and a discussion of advantages and drawbacks of the light-os. C1 [Laros, James H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Laros, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-68-0 PY 2006 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BHA57 UT WOS:000251937300045 ER PT B AU Deel, D Mahajan, K Mahoney, CR McIlvried, HG Srivastava, RD AF Deel, Dawn Mahajan, Kanwal Mahoney, Christopher R. McIlvried, Howard G. Srivastava, Rameshwar D. BE Callaos, N Zinn, D Savoie, MJ Hu, X Hill, R Haga, H TI Risk assessment and management for long-term storage of CO(2) in geologic formations - United States department of energy R&D SO WMSCI 2006: 10TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/12th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 16-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE risk management; risk assessment; carbon dioxide sequestration; and geologic sequestration ID SEQUESTRATION; PROGRAM AB Concern about increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) and their impact on the earth's climate has grown significantly over the last decade. Many countries, including the United States, wrestle with balancing economic development and meeting critical near-term environmental goals while minimizing long-term environmental risks. One promising solution to the buildup of GHGs in the atmosphere, being pursued by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and its industrial and academic partners, is carbon sequestration-a process of permanent storage of CO(2) emissions in underground geologic formations, thus avoiding CO(2) release to the atmosphere. This option looks particularly attractive for point source emissions of GHGs, such as fossil fuel fired power plants. CO(2) would be captured, transported to a sequestration site, and injected into an appropriate geologic formation. However, sequestration in geologic formations cannot achieve a significant role in reducing GHG emissions unless it is acceptable to stakeholders, regulators, and the general public, i.e., unless the risks involved are judged to be acceptable. One tool that can be used to achieve acceptance of geologic sequestration of CO(2) is risk assessment, which is a proven method to objectively manage hazards in facilities such as oil and natural gas fields, pipelines, refineries, and chemical plants. Although probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) has been applied in many areas, its application to geologic CO(2) sequestration is still in its infancy. The most significant risk from geologic carbon sequestration is leakage of CO(2) Two types of CO(2) releases are possible-atmospheric and subsurface. High concentrations of CO(2) caused by a release to the atmosphere would pose health risks to humans and animals, and any leakage of CO(2) back into the atmosphere negates the effort expended to sequester the CO2. Subsurface risks, attributable to subsurface releases, arise from the displacement of fluids by the injected CO(2) that could damage nearby hydrocarbon resources or trigger small seismic events. There is also the potential for sequestered CO(2) to leak into non-saline formations, which could cause problems with potable uses of this water. However, overall, risks from CO(2) sequestration are believed to be small. Implementation of CO(2) sequestration is being approached in phases. The DOE is currently sponsoring a series of pilot tests to generate important data that will elucidate the risks involved in geologic sequestration and lead to the development of risk management protocols. This phased approach should ensure that potential sources of leakage are identified, consequences are quantified, events with the potential to cause harm are analyzed to estimate their frequency and associated risk, and safeguards are put in place to further reduce risks for an operation for which risks already appear to be low. C1 [Deel, Dawn; Mahajan, Kanwal] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Deel, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-71-0 PY 2006 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BHA59 UT WOS:000251938300058 ER PT J AU Martin, RR Naftel, SJ Macfie, SM Jones, KW Feng, H Trembley, C AF Martin, RR Naftel, SJ Macfie, SM Jones, KW Feng, H Trembley, C TI High variability of the metal content of tree growth rings as measured by synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA; CASTANEA-SATIVA MILLER; ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; DYNAMIC APPROACH; HEAVY-METALS; SOIL; WOOD; STANDS; BIOAVAILABILITY; DENDROANALYSIS AB Synchrotron radiation analysis was used to investigate the metal content of tree rings collected from paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh, on transects downwind from two metal smelters (nickel and copper). Individual trees reflected changes in ring metal content with time, which may be presumed to represent changes in local metal bioavailability. However, between-tree variations were large and no statistically significant differences in metal content as a function of time were found within or between sites. Although concentrations of both total and exchangeable copper and nickel in the soil increased with proximity to the respective smelter, this pattern was reflected only in the nickel content of rings near the nickel smelter; copper content did not vary with distance from either smelter. The sites did differ with respect to lead, manganese and zinc content of the rings, which may be related to pH. In conclusion, the variability between trees at each site suggests that dendroanalysis is a poor method for evaluating metal exposure at a large (site) scale. Tree ring metal content may be used to evaluate the metal uptake by individual trees but metal mobility in the stem makes it difficult to establish a reliable chronology. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON NGA 587, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON NGA 587, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON NGA 587, Canada. EM rrhm@uwo.ca NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1002/xrs.817 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 003OI UT WOS:000234691100011 ER PT S AU Bauer, DA AF Bauer, DA BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Current and future searches for dark matter SO XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE dark matter; WIMP; axion; direct detection; indirect detection; CDMS AB Recent experimental data confirms that approximately one quarter of the universe consists of cold dark matter. Particle theories provide natural candidates for this dark matter in the form of either Axions or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). A growing body of experiments is aimed at direct or indirect detection of particle dark matter. I summarize the current status of these experiments and offer projections of their future sensitivity. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bauer, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 105 EP 114 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900011 ER PT S AU Bartoldus, R AF Bartoldus, R BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Measurements of the CKM angle beta SO XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE CP violation; CKM matrix; unitarity triangle; b-> s gluonic penguins ID MATRIX AB In this article I report on new and updated measurements of the CP-violating parameter beta (phi 1), which is related to the phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix of the electroweak interaction. Over the past few years, beta has become the most precisely known parameter of the CKM unitarity triangle that governs the B system. The results presented here were produced by the two B Factories, BABAR and Belle, based on their most recent datasets of over 600 million BB events combined. The new world average for sin 20, measured in the theoretically and experimentally cleanest charmonium modes, such as B-0 -> J/psi K-S(0), is sin 2 beta = 0.685 +/- 0.032. In addition to these tree-level dominated decays, independent measurements of sin 2 beta are obtained from gluonic b -> s penguin decays, including B0 -> phi K-S(0), B0 -> eta'K-S(0) and others. There are hints, albeit somewhat weaker than earlier this year, that these measurements tend to come out low compared to the charmonium average, giving rise to the tantalizing possibility that New Physics amplitudes could be contributing to the corresponding loop diagrams. Clearly, more data from both experiments are needed to elucidate these intriguing differences. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 90025 USA. RP Bartoldus, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 90025 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900012 ER PT S AU Papadimitriou, V AF Papadimitriou, V BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI B-s, B-c and b-baryons SO XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE B-s; B-c; b-baryons ID DECAYS; MESON AB We present the latest measurements on masses, lifetimes and branching fractions for the B-s and B-c mesons as well as for b-baryons. For the B-s meson we discuss as well the latest results on mixing. These results were produced by the CDF and DO experiments at Fermilab or by earlier LEP and PEPII experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Papadimitriou, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900016 ER PT S AU Ray, RE AF Ray, RE BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Kaon physics SO XXV Physics in Collision, Proceedings SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE Kaon; V-us; rare decays ID FORM-FACTORS; DECAY AB Recent results and future prospects for kaon physics experiments at fermilab, CERN, KEK and BNL are reviewed. Topics include recent measurements of the CKM parameter V-us and searches for new physics using rare decays. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ray, RE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900018 ER PT S AU Lincoln, D AF Lincoln, D CA DO Collaboration CDF Collaboration BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Jets at the highest energies (jets at DO and CDF) SO XXV Physics in Collision, Proceedings SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE jets; QCD; Tevatron collider ID COLLISIONS AB The Fermilab Tevatron remains the world's highest energy accelerator. The dominant processes accessible at the Tevatron are from the collision of quarks and gluons from the proton and antiproton beam particles. In these Proceedings, we present a sampling of interesting jet physics results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lincoln, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900021 ER PT S AU Battaglieri, M De Vita, R Kubarovsky, V Stoler, P AF Battaglieri, M De Vita, R Kubarovsky, V Stoler, P CA CLAS Collaboration BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Search for pentaquarks with CLAS SO XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE pentaquark; photoproduction; exotics ID BARYON RESONANCE; NARROW; COLLISIONS; STATE; MASS; HERA AB We review the current experimental situation of pentaquark searches, and second generation experiments, with emphasis on the Jefferson Lab program. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16139 Genoa, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16139 Genoa, Italy. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 233 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900023 ER PT S AU Ullrich, T AF Ullrich, T BE Simak, V Leitner, R Valkarova, A Valenta, J TI Where are we in the search for the Quark Gluon Plasma? SO XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Physics in Collision CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Charles Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ DE relativistic heavy ion collisions; quark gluon plasma; RHIC ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE ENERGIES; BRAHMS EXPERIMENT; HADRON-PRODUCTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; MATTER; QCD; SIGNATURE; DETECTOR; FLOW AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was completed in 1999, with the first data-taking runs in the summer of 2000. Since then the measurements at RBIC have yielded a wealth of data from four independent detectors: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR. For the first time, collisions of heavy nuclei have been carried out with colliding-beam energies that have previously been accessible only to high-energy physics experiments. It is at these high energies that the predictions of QCD come into play and new phenomena are sought that may illuminate our view of the basic structure of matter. The RHIC experiments have recorded data from collisions of gold nuclei from root s(NN) = 19 GeV up to the highest energy of 200 GeV, as well as reference data in proton-proton and deuteron-gold collisions. These collisions result in final states of unprecedented complexity, with thousands of produced particles radiating from the nuclear collision. The early measurements have revealed compelling evidence for the existence of a new form of nuclear matter at extremely high density and temperature. This medium allows for the predictions of QCD to be tested, and new phenomena explored, under conditions where the relevant degrees of freedom, over nuclear volumes, are expected to be those of quarks and gluons, rather than of hadrons. This is the realm of the quark gluon plasma. However, detailed analyses of the data also make it clear that this hot, dense medium has properties that are surprising, and not yet fully understood in terms of the early expectations for the quark gluon plasma. In this paper I review the major findings of the RHIC experiments to date and discuss the current understanding of the state of matter created. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0308-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 815 BP 251 EP 267 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDZ04 UT WOS:000236294900025 ER PT S AU Harrison, N Sebastian, SE Batista, CD Jaime, M Balicas, L Sharma, PA Kawashima, N Fisher, IR AF Harrison, N. Sebastian, S. E. Batista, C. D. Jaime, M. Balicas, L. Sharma, P. A. Kawashima, N. Fisher, I. R. BE Kobayashi, N Toyota, N Motokawa, M TI Bose-einstein condensation in BaCuSi2O6 SO YAMADA CONFERENCE LX ON RESEARCH IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Yamada Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY AUG 16-19, 2006 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; FIELD AB BaCuSi2O6 is a model spin dimer system in which a BEC QCP is realised. Universal BEC power law scaling is experimentally observed, with 3d critical behaviour above 0.5 K, but a crossover to 2d BEC critical scaling down to 30 mK. Here we briefly review and expand on the results presented in the recent Nature paper [8]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Harrison, N.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Balicas, L.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee 32310, FL USA. [Kawashima, N.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; OI Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 51 BP 9 EP + DI 10.1088/1/1742-6596/51/1/002 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGD81 UT WOS:000246201000002 ER PT S AU Goddard, PA Singleton, J Lima, AL Morosan, E Blundell, SJ Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Goddard, P. A. Singleton, J. Lima, A. L. Morosan, E. Blundell, S. J. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. BE Kobayashi, N Toyota, N Motokawa, M TI Magnetic-field-orient at ion dependence of the metamagnetic transitions in TmAgGe up to 55 T SO YAMADA CONFERENCE LX ON RESEARCH IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Yamada Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY AUG 16-19, 2006 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn AB TmAgGe is an antiferromagnet based on the ZrNiAl structure. At low temperatures the spins are confined to distorted kagome-like planes, wherein the magnetisation is strongly anisotropic. A previous study has shown that a series of stepped magnetic transitions are apparent in low, in-plane magnetic fields and can be explained using a three-fold Ising-like model. Here we present high-magnetic-field magnetisation experiments showing that further stepped transitions are observed when the field is directed out of the kagome planes. Angledependent measurements in fields of up to 55 T show that there are at least two distinct and separate energy scales present in this system; the weak exchange interactions and the strong crystalline electric field interactions. Simulations of the magnetisation using a three-dimensional, free-energy minimisation technique allow us to suggest the nature and hierarchy of the forces acting on the Tm3+ moments. C1 [Goddard, P. A.; Blundell, S. J.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Goddard, P. A.; Singleton, J.; Lima, A. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Morosan, E.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Goddard, PA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM p.goddard@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015 OI Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of Oxford Glasstone Fellowship Scheme FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the University of Oxford Glasstone Fellowship Scheme. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 51 BP 219 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/51/1/050 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGD81 UT WOS:000246201000050 ER PT S AU Singleton, J Goddard, PA Ardavan, A Bangura, A McDonald, RD Schlueter, J AF Singleton, J. Goddard, P. A. Ardavan, A. Bangura, A. McDonald, R. D. Schlueter, J. BE Kobayashi, N Toyota, N Motokawa, M TI High-field studies of the slow thermal death of interlayer coherence in quasi-two-dimensional metals SO YAMADA CONFERENCE LX ON RESEARCH IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Yamada Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY AUG 16-19, 2006 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID SUPERCONDUCTOR AB The interlayer magnetoresistance sigma(zz) of the organic metal kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) has been studied in fields B of up to 45 T and at temperatures T from 0.5 K to 50 K. The peak in rho(zz) seen in exactly in-plane fields, a definitive signature of interlayer coherence, remains to Ts exceeding the Anderson criterion for incoherent transport by a factor similar to 25. Angle-dependent magnetoresistance oscillations (AMROs) due to Fermi-surface orbits are suppressed by rising T, with a T-2 dependence suggesting electron-electron scattering. C1 [Singleton, J.; Goddard, P. A.; McDonald, R. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Goddard, P. A.; Ardavan, A.; Bangura, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Condensed Matter Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Bangura, A.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS9 1TL, Avon, England. [Schlueter, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 FU US Department of Energy (DoE) [LDRD 20040326ER, LDRD 20030084DR]; National Science Foundation; DoE State of Florida FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DoE) grants LDRD 20040326ER and LDRD 20030084DR. Work at NHMFL is performed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation, DoE and the State of Florida. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 51 BP 319 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/51/1/074 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGD81 UT WOS:000246201000074 ER PT S AU Jaime, M Lacerda, A Takan, Y Boebinger, GS AF Jaime, M. Lacerda, A. Takan, Y. Boebinger, G. S. BE Kobayashi, N Toyota, N Motokawa, M TI The national high magnetic field laboratory SO YAMADA CONFERENCE LX ON RESEARCH IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Yamada Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY AUG 16-19, 2006 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn AB The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, established in 1990 with support from the National Science Foundation, the State of Florida, and the US Department of Energy, is a facility open to external users around the world. The experimental capabilities are distributed in three campuses. In Tallahassee, Florida, continuous magnetic fields are produced by means of superconducting and resistive magnets reaching fields of up to 33T (resistive), and 45T (hybrid). EMR, ICR, and a 900MHz wide bore NMR magnet are also available. The facility in Gainesville, Florida, is devoted to generating extremely low temperatures in the presence of external magnetic fields (15T, down to 0.4mK), and large MRI imaging capabilities. In Los Alamos, New Mexico, a 9 W-capable capacitor bank and a number of different liquid Nitrogen-cooled resistive magnets produce repetitive pulses up to 75 T and now a single-shot pulsed up to 300T. C1 [Jaime, M.; Lacerda, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Takan, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Boebinger, G. S.] NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32606 USA. RP Jaime, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mjaime@lanl.gov RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 FU State of Florida and the National Science Foundation through NSF Cooperative [DMR 9016241] FX The authors want to thank the NHMFL sta! for many useful discussions, and Ms. Terry Pace for her help in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by the State of Florida and the National Science Foundation through NSF Cooperative Grant No. DMR 9016241. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2006 VL 51 BP 643 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/51/1/148 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGD81 UT WOS:000246201000148 ER PT J AU Singh, KS Mozharivskyj, YA Kollipara, MR AF Singh, KS Mozharivskyj, YA Kollipara, MR TI Reactivity studies of eta(5)- indenyl and eta(5)-Cp* Ruthenium(II) complexes towards some polypyridyl ligands SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE ruthenium; indenyl; crystal structure; triazine; pyrazine ID CYCLOPENTADIENYL-OSMIUM CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INDENYLRUTHENIUM(II); DERIVATIVES; ALKYNYL; PH AB The reaction of [(eta(5)-eta(3))Ru(PPh3)(2)Cl], where; L-3 = C9H7 (1), C5Me5 (Cp*) (2) with acetonitrile in the presence of [NH4][PF6] yielded cationic complexes [(eta(5)-L-3)Ru(PPh3)(2)(CH3CN)][PF6]; L-3= C9H7 ([3]PF6) and L-3 = C5Me5 ([4]PF6), respectively. Complexes [3]PF6 and [4]PF6 reacts with some polypyridyl ligands viz, 2,3his (alpha-pyridyl) pyrazine (bpp), 2,3-bis (alpha-pyridyl) quinoxaline (bpq) yielding the complexes of the formulation [(eta(5),L-3)Ru(PPh3)(L-2)]PF6 where; L-3 C9H7, L-2 = bpp, ([5]PF6), L-3 = C9H7, L-2 = bpq, ([6]PF6); L-3 C5Me5, L-2 = bpp, ([7]PF6) and bpq, ([8]PF6), respectively. However reaction Of [(eta(5)-C9H7)Ru(PPh3)(2)(CH3CN)][PF6] ([3]PF6) with the sterically demanding polypyridyl ligands, viz. 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(tptz) or tetra-2-pyridyl-1,4-pyrazine (tppz) leads to the formation of unexpected complexes [Ru(PPh3)(2)(L-2)(CH3CN)][PF6](2); L-2 = tppz ([9](PF6)(2)), tptx ([11](PF6)(2)) and [Ru(PPh3)(2)(L-2)C1][PF6]; L-2 = tppz ([10]PF6), tptz ([12]PF6). The complexes were isolated as their hexafluoro phosphate salts. They have been characterized on the basis of micro analytical and spectroscopic data. The crystal structures of the representative complexes were established by Xray crystallography. C1 NE Hill Univ, Dept Chem, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP NE Hill Univ, Dept Chem, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. EM kmrao@nehu.ac.in NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 EI 1521-3749 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2006 VL 632 IS 1 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1002/zaac.200500301 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 994AM UT WOS:000234002000026 ER PT J AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneidner, Karl A., Jr. Pecharsky, Vitalij K. TI Binary rare earth Laves phases - an overview SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE Laves phases; rare earth compounds; intermetallic compounds ID TEMPERATURE HEAT-CAPACITY; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ELASTIC CONSTANTS; METALS AB The rare earth metals form the largest subset of the AB(2) Laves phase compounds. The rare earth element (R) is always the larger A metal, and they form Laves phases with most of the Group 7-10 elements, plus Mg and Al. As with all Laves phases, the rare earth RB2 compounds conform with the size rule which had been established in the mid 1930s. Electron concentration effects have also been observed in the RB2 phases. A number of anomalies and unusual behaviors have been discovered over the years: the La deficiency in "LaNi2" and of R in other "RNi2" Laves phase compounds; the crystal structure sequence in the RMn2 compound series; the relationship between the Debye temperature and the radius ratio; the Ce valence in the CeB2 compounds; and the thermodynamic nature of the magnetic transition in the RCo2 phases. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 VL 221 IS 5-7 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1524/zkri.2006.221.5-7.375 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 067RX UT WOS:000239321400009 ER PT J AU Mozharivskyj, Y Tsokol, AO Miller, GJ AF Mozharivskyj, Yurij Tsokol, Alexandra O. Miller, Gordon J. TI Structural variations in Gd5Si4-xSnx: size vs. electronic effects SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE size effects; electronic effects; magnetocaloric compounds; electronic structure; single crystal structure analysis; X-ray diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; GD-5(SI2GE2); SYSTEM; GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; ALLOYS; GE AB X-ray single crystal diffraction studies on the Gd5Si4-xSnx series with 0 <= x <= 3 revealed an increase in the interslab T-T (T= Si, Sri) dimer distances and transition from Gd5Si4-type structures for 0 <= x <= 1.5 (d(T-T) = 2.49-2.71 angstrom) to the Pu5Rh4-type structure for x = 2 (d(T-T) = 3.04 angstrom). The Ti5Ga4-type structure, which is a stuffed version of the hexagonal Mn5Si3 structure, was observed for the Gd5SiSn3 sample (x = 3). Tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital (TB-LMTO) calculations on Gd5Si2Sn2 show that the interslab (T1-T1) dimer stretching and the structural transition from the Gd5Si4-type to the Pu5Rh4-type results from the influence of the 5p atomic orbital energy and the larger size of the Sn atoms on the electronic structure, as compared to the Si and Ge atoms in Gd5Si4 and Gd5Si2Ge2. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 VL 221 IS 5-7 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1524/zkri.2006.221.5-7.493 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 067RX UT WOS:000239321400022 ER PT J AU Tkachuk, AV Mozharivskyj, Y Mar, A AF Tkachuk, Andriy V. Mozharivskyj, Yurij Mar, Arthur TI Low- and high-temperature structures of YbCuBi SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE phase transition; Bismuth; intermetallics; single crystal structure analysis; X-ray diffraction ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERNARY PHASES; METAL; YTTERBIUM; PNICTIDES; ALB2; M=CU; AU; AG AB A variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study was undertaken on the intermetallic compound YbCuBi, which undergoes a phase transition at similar to 375 K. At low temperatures (T = 193 K, a = 4.5821(3) angstrom, c = 7.8107(8) angstrom; T = 295 K, a = 4.5825(6) angstrom, c = 7.8597(10) angstrom), YbCuBi adopts the LiGaGe-type (ordered CaIn2-type) structure (Pearson symbol hP6, space group P6(3)MC, Z = 2). At high temperatures (T = 393 K, a = 4.5885(14) angstrom, c = 7.913(2) angstrom; T = 473 K, a = 4.594(4) angstrom, c = 7.928(6) angstrom), YbCuBi adopts the ZrBeSi-type (ordered Ni2In-type) structure (Pearson symbol hP6, space group P6(3)/mmc, Z = 2). The structure consists of Yb atoms separating hexagonal (2)(infinity) [CuBi] nets, which are buckled at low temperatures but planar at high temperatures. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mar, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. EM arthur.mar@ualberta.ca NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 VL 221 IS 5-7 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1524/zkri.2006.221.5-7.539 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 067RX UT WOS:000239321400028 ER PT J AU Von Dreele, RB Lee, PL Zhang, Y AF Von Dreele, RB Lee, PL Zhang, Y TI Protein polycrystallography SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY SEP 02-05, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE powder diffraction; proteins; crystallization; radiation damage ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LYSOZYME AB The application of powder diffraction to polycrystalline proteins has seen a number of significant advances. Faster data collection techniques have reduced the sample size requirement to less than 1mg and allowed acquisition of high quality data in < 30 s permitting in situ exploration of protein crystallization, reactions and radiation damage effects. Recent developments include the formation of heavy atom derivatives that possibly provide a route to protein structure solution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Von Dreele, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vondreele@anl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 SU 23 BP 3 EP 8 PN 1 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 057PN UT WOS:000238607800003 ER PT J AU Peters, J Lieutenant, K Clemens, D Mezei, F AF Peters, J Lieutenant, K Clemens, D Mezei, F TI EXED - the new Extreme Environment Diffractometer at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY SEP 02-05, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE powder diffraction; time-of-flight monochromator; high magnetic field; extreme environments AB The Extreme Environment Diffractometer EXED, which is currently under construction at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut (HMI) Berlin and shall become operational in 2006, is presented here. The general ideas of the design are given and a special attention is addressed to resolution excellence including first simulation results. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Grenoble 9, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peters, J (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM peters@hmi.de NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 SU 23 BP 189 EP 194 PN 1 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 057PN UT WOS:000238607800032 ER PT J AU Stel'makh, S Grzanka, E Zhao, Y Palosz, W Palosz, B AF Stel'makh, S Grzanka, E Zhao, Y Palosz, W Palosz, B TI Neutron diffraction studies of the atomic vibrations of bulk and surface atoms of nanocrystalline SiC SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY SEP 02-05, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE powder diffraction; neutron diffraction; atomic vibrations ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB Thermal atomic motions of nanocrystalline SiC were characterized by two temperature atomic factors B-core and B-shell. With the use of wide angle neutron diffraction data it was shown that at the diffraction vector of above 15 angstrom(-1) the Wilson plot gives directly the temperature factor of the grain interior (B-core). At lower Q values the slope of the plot provides information on the relative amplitudes of vibrations of the core and shell atoms. C1 Inst High Pressure Phys, UNIPRESS, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, BAE Syst, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stel'makh, S (reprint author), Inst High Pressure Phys, UNIPRESS, Ul Sokolowska 29-37, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. EM svrit@unipress.waw.pl RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2006 SU 23 BP 331 EP 336 PN 2 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 057PQ UT WOS:000238608100012 ER PT J AU Suortti, P Buslaps, T Honkimaki, V Hiraoka, N Lienert, U AF Suortti, P. Buslaps, T. Honkimaeki, V. Hiraoka, N. Lienert, U. TI Crystal spectrometers for Compton scattering studies SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Compton scattering; crystal spectrometers; synchrotron radiation ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; REFLECTIVITY; SILICON; FLUX AB The development of focusing crystal spectrometers for Compton scattering studies from 1930s to present is reviewed. The design principles have stayed the same, but the efficiency has improved much owing to the availability of large perfect crystal analyzers and efficient detectors. The reflectivity and energy resolution of the crystal can be tailored to the needs of the experiment by the asymmetric cut, thickness and bending radius of the crystal, and the response function of the spectrometer can be calculated precisely. The spectrometers at synchrotron radiation beamlines achieve better than 0.1 a.u. momentum resolution, and several statistically accurate Compton spectra can be acquired in one day. The latest developments include spectrometers that operate in the 100 keV range, and count rates are enhanced by using wide energy bands and dispersion compensation. Results obtained by a scanning reflection-type spectrometer installed at a rotating-anode X-ray generator demonstrate that accurate Compton profiles of light-element compounds can be determined even with a laboratory instrument. A map of the reciprocal form factor of silicon is constructed from 10 directional Compton profiles, and the map reveals details of chemical bonding. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Spring 8, NSRRS Taiwan BL Off, Sayo, Hyogo 6795167, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suortti, P (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, PL 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM Pekka.Suortti@helsinki.fi NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2006 VL 220 IS 7 BP 831 EP 847 DI 10.1524/zpch.2006.220.7.831 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 069KD UT WOS:000239443900004 ER PT J AU Li, F Yu, P Hartl, M Daemen, LL Eckert, J Gates, BC AF Li, Fen Yu, Ping Hartl, Monika Daemen, Luke L. Eckert, Juergen Gates, Bruce C. TI Zeolite-encaged iridium clusters with hydride ligands: Characterization by extended X-ray absorption fine structure, NMR, and inelastic neutron scattering vibrational spectroscopies SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE iridium; zeolite NaY; supported iridium clusters; EXAFS spectroscopy; H-1 NMR spectroscopy; IINS spectroscopy ID BRONSTED ACID SITES; NAY ZEOLITE; TETRAIRIDIUM CLUSTERS; HEXARHODIUM CLUSTERS; DEUTERIUM SPILLOVER; HYDROGEN SPILLOVER; RHODIUM CLUSTERS; CATALYSTS; COMPLEXES; DECARBONYLATION AB A family of NaY zeolite-supported iridium clusters was prepared by reductive carbonylation of Irr(CO)(2)(acac) sorbed in the zeolite pores to form Ir-6(CO)(16), which was decarbonylated by treatment in He. This method allowed preparation of samples with Ir contents as high as 33.0 wt.%. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of the decarbonylated samples indicate that the clusters are well approximated as octahedral Ir-6 in the zeolite cages. The high loadings of clusters in the zeolite allowed characterization of the hydride ligands on the clusters by H-1 NMR spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. These ligands exist on the clusters even in the absence of H-2 in the gas phase, presumably equilibrated with OH groups on the zeolite. The data indicate both terminal and bridging hydride ligands on the clusters. The H/Ir atomic ratio is estimated to be approximately 0.01 on the basis of the H-1 NMR data and thermogravimetric analysis of the sample. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NMR Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gates, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bcgates@ucdavis.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016 OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2006 VL 220 IS 12 BP 1553 EP 1568 DI 10.1524/zpch.2006.220.12.1553 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 121QV UT WOS:000243173000002 ER PT J AU Coutts, TJ Li, XN Barnes, TM Keyes, BM Perkins, CL Asher, SE Zhang, SB Wei, SH Limpijumnong, S AF Coutts, Timothy J. Li, Xiaonan Barnes, Teresa M. Keyes, Brian M. Perkins, Craig L. Asher, Sally E. Zhang, S. B. Wei, Su-Huai Limpijumnong, Sukit BE Jagadish, C Pearton, SJ TI Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Films Grown by MOCVD SO ZINC OXIDE BULK, THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID P-TYPE ZNO; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; CARBON-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; WIDE-BAND-GAP; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ZINC-OXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CODOPING METHOD C1 [Coutts, Timothy J.; Li, Xiaonan; Barnes, Teresa M.; Keyes, Brian M.; Perkins, Craig L.; Asher, Sally E.; Zhang, S. B.; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Limpijumnong, Sukit] Suranaree Univ Technol, Inst Sci, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. [Limpijumnong, Sukit] Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-046403-9 PY 2006 BP 43 EP 83 DI 10.1016/B978-008044722-3/50003-8 PG 41 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BCS44 UT WOS:000311278400004 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Jagadish, C AF Kucheyev, S. O. Jagadish, C. BE Jagadish, C Pearton, SJ TI Ion Implantation into ZnO SO ZINC OXIDE BULK, THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ion implantation; ZnO; amorphization; annealing; doping; defects; electrical isolation ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ZNO; VOLTAGE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE; DISLOCATION LOOPS; THERMAL-STABILITY; DAMAGE RECOVERY; RECENT PROGRESS; LATTICE SITE; THIN-FILMS; BOMBARDMENT AB The current status of ion-beam processing of ZnO is reviewed. In particular, we discuss the following aspects of ion implantation into ZnO: (i) damage accumulation and amorphization, (ii) thermal stability of radiation defects, (iii) electrical doping, and (iv) electrical isolation. Emphasis is given to the current understanding of the physical processes responsible for the formation and evolution of radiation damage. C1 [Kucheyev, S. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Jagadish, C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-046403-9 PY 2006 BP 285 EP 312 DI 10.1016/B978-008044722-3/50008-7 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BCS44 UT WOS:000311278400009 ER EF