FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Durant, SE Hopkins, WA Talent, LG Romero, LM AF Durant, SE Hopkins, WA Talent, LG Romero, LM TI Effect of exogenous corticosterone on respiration in a reptile SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM hopkinsw@vt.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1127 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337601166 ER PT J AU Miklasz, KA Socha, JJ AF Miklasz, KA Socha, JJ TI Mathematical modeling of fixing snake kinematics during gliding locomotion SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kmiklasz@uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1167 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337601329 ER PT J AU Rascon, B Henry, JR Harrison, JF Fezzaa, K Lee, WK Socha, JJ AF Rascon, B Henry, JR Harrison, JF Fezzaa, K Lee, WK Socha, JJ TI Peering inside the insect thorax: An examination of thoracic autoventilation in live insects using synchrotron x-rays SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM brenda.rascon@asu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1181 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337601385 ER PT J AU Waters, JS Socha, JJ AF Waters, JS Socha, JJ TI Mechanics of tracheal compression in the bessbug, Popilius disjunctus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL C1 Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jswaters@uchicago.edu RI Waters, James/B-3878-2010 OI Waters, James/0000-0002-9804-1585 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1209 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012KH UT WOS:000235337601493 ER PT J AU Chowell, G Hyman, JM Diaz-Duenas, P Hengartner, NW AF Chowell, G Hyman, JM Diaz-Duenas, P Hengartner, NW TI Predicting scorpion sting incidence in an endemic region using climatological variables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scorpion; climate; temperature; rainfall; correlation ID MEXICO AB Scorpionism is a public health problem in several regions of the world. The highest mortality, with over 1000 deaths per year, has been reported in Mexico. We analysed the significance of climatological variables to predict the incidence of scorpion stings in humans in the state of Colima (Mexico) for the years 2000 - 2001. The pluvial precipitation (mm), the evaporation (mm), and the mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures (degrees C) were obtained from local meteorological offices. There are approximately 3 stings/year per 1000 people in municipalities of Colima and Villa de Alvarez and about 18 - 30 stings/year per 1000 people in the rest of the municipalities. There is very little rain and there are few stings in the winter when the minimum temperature is below about 16 degrees C. The number of scorpion stings is independent of the actual rainfall when this is above 30 mm/month. Using multiple linear regression, we used a backward model selection procedure to estimate that the minimum temperature is correlated with scorpion sting incidence with a statistically significance of 95%. We briefly discuss the application of predictive models of scorpion sting incidence in the appropriate allocation of antivenom serum in hospital clinics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IMSS, Colima, Mexico. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gchowell@t7.lanl.gov RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1080/09603120500392475 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 991ZD UT WOS:000233852600003 PM 16506436 ER PT J AU Carey, VP Wemhoff, AP AF Carey, VP Wemhoff, AP TI Thermodynamic analysis of near-wall effects on phase stability and homogeneous nucleation during rapid surface heating SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE homogeneous nucleation; wall effects; rapid heating; Redlich-Kwong; thermodynamic spinodal; molecular dynamics ID INK-JET PROCESSES; DYNAMICS AB Rapid heating of a liquid by a thin film heater surface may initiate homogeneous nucleation of vapor in the liquid in contact with the surface. In such circumstances, nucleation is generally expected to be most likely in the hottest liquid closest to the surface. It is known, however, that in many cases the liquid molecules closest to the surface will experience long-range attractive forces to molecules in the solid, with the result that the equation of state for the liquid near the surface will differ from that for the bulk liquid. In the investigation summarized here, a statistical thermodynamics analysis was used to derive a modified version of the Redlich-Kwong fluid property model that accounts for attractive forces between the solid surface molecules and liquid molecules in the near-wall region. In this model, the wall-fluid attractive forces are quantified in terms of Hamaker constants. This feature makes it possible to assess the effect of wall-fluid force interactions on the spinodal conditions for a variety of fluid and surface material combinations. The variation of pressure near the wall predicted by this model agrees well with the predictions of a hydrostatic model and molecular dynamics simulations. The results of the thermodynamic model analysis indicate that force interactions are important for a wide variety of fluids only within a few nanometers of the solid surface. The model specifically predicts that these forces increase the spinodal temperature in the near-surface region. The implications of this increase for nucleation near a solid surface during rapid heating are explored for circumstances similar to those in inkjet printer heads. The results of the analysis imply that during rapid transient heating, wall effects can result in homogeneous nucleation occurring first at a location slightly away from the solid surface. The results further suggest that on rough surfaces, wall effects may play a role in making some cavities preferred sites for homogeneous nucleation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Carey, VP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vcarey@me.berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 25-26 BP 5431 EP 5445 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.06.027 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 989MA UT WOS:000233676800026 ER PT J AU Wang, P Song, YT Chao, Y Zhang, HC AF Wang, P Song, YT Chao, Y Zhang, HC TI Parallel computation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE regional ocean modeling; parallelization; scalability; performance AB The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is a regional ocean general circulation modeling system solving the free surface, hydrostatic, primitive equations over varying topography. It is free software distributed worldwide for studying both complex coastal ocean problems and the basin-to-global scale ocean circulation. The original ROMS code could only be run on shared-memory systems. With the increasing need to simulate larger model domains with finer resolutions and on a variety of computer platforms, there is a need in the ocean-modeling community to have a ROMS code that can be run on any parallel computer ranging from 10 to hundreds of processors. Recently, we have explored parallelization for ROMS using the Message-Passing Interface (MPI) programming model. In this paper, we present an efficient parallelization strategy for such a large-scale scientific software package, based on an existing shared-memory computing model. In addition, we discuss scientific applications and clata-performance issues on a couple of SGI systems, including Columbia, the world's third-fastest supercomputer. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM WANG32@LLNL.GOV NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1177/1094342005059115 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 982XE UT WOS:000233194400003 ER PT J AU Steensland, J Ray, J AF Steensland, J Ray, J TI A partitioner-centric model for structured adaptive mesh refinement partitioning trade-off optimization: Part I SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 27-29, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE parallel structured adaptive mesh refinement; dynamic partitioning and load balancing AB Optimal partitioning of structured adaptive mesh applications necessitates dynamically determining and optimizing for the most time-inhibiting factor, such as load imbalance and communication volume. However, any trivial monitoring of an application evaluates the current partitioning rather than the inherent properties of the grid hierarchy. We present an analytical model that given a structured adaptive grid determines, ab initio, to what extent the partitioner should focus on optimizing load imbalance or communication volume to reduce execution time. This model contributes to the meta-partitioner, able to select and configure the optimal partitioner based on the mesh configuration, the simulation and computer characteristics. We validate the predictions of this model by comparing them with actual measurements (via traces) from four different adaptive simulations. The results show that the proposed model generally captures the inherent optimization-need in structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. We conclude that our model is a useful contribution, since tracking and adapting to the dynamic behavior of such applications potentially lead to a large decrease in execution times. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steensland, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM JSTEENS@CA.SANDIA.GOV NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1177/1094342005056140 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 982XE UT WOS:000233194400007 ER PT J AU Yu, WK Sur, S Panda, DK Aulwes, RT Graham, RL AF Yu, WK Sur, S Panda, DK Aulwes, RT Graham, RL TI High performance broadcast support in LA-MPI over quadrics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 27-29, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE quadrics; broadcast; LA-MPI AB LA-MPI is a unique MPI implementation that provides end-to-end reliable message passing between application processes. LA-MPI collective operations are implemented on top of its point-to-point operations, using generic spanning tree-based collective algorithms. The performance of the collective operations scales in a logarithmic order over that of the point-to-point operations. Thus, it is desirable to provide more efficient and more scalable collective operations while maintaining the end-to-end reliability. To this end, we investigate the feasibility of utilizing Quadrics hardware broadcast in this paper. We explore several challenging issues such as broadcast buffer management, broadcast over arbitrary processes, retransmission and reliability. Accordingly, a low-latency, highly scalable, fault-tolerant broadcast algorithm is designed and implemented over Quadrics hardware broadcast. Our evaluation shows that this implementation reduces broadcast latency and achieves higher scalability relative to the generic version of this operation. In addition, we observe that the performance of our implementation is comparable to that of the high performance implementation by Quadrics Supercomputers World for MPICH, and HIPS for Alaska MPI, while providing fault tolerance to network errors not provided by these. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM YUW@CSE.OHIO-STATE.EDU NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1177/1094342005056145 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 982XE UT WOS:000233194400010 ER PT J AU Sankaran, S Squyres, JM Barrett, B Sahay, V Lumsdaine, A Duell, J Hargrove, P Roman, E AF Sankaran, S Squyres, JM Barrett, B Sahay, V Lumsdaine, A Duell, J Hargrove, P Roman, E TI The LAM/MPI checkpoint/restart framework: System-initiated checkpointing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 27-29, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE parallel computing; MPI; LAM/MPI; checkpoint/restart; fault tolerance ID DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AB As high performance clusters continue to grow in size and popularity, issues of fault tolerance and reliability are becoming limiting factors on application scalability. To address these issues, we present the design and implementation of a system for providing coordinated check-pointing and rollback recovery for MPI-based parallel applications. Our approach integrates the Berkeley Lab BLCR kernel-level process checkpoint system with the LAM implementation of MPI through a defined checkpoint/restart interface. Checkpointing is transparent to the application, allowing the system to be used for cluster maintenance and scheduling reasons as well as for fault tolerance. Experimental results show negligible communication performance impact due to the incorporation of the checkpoint support capabilities into LAM/MPI. C1 Indiana Univ, Open Syst Lab, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sankaran, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Open Syst Lab, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. EM JSQUYRES@OPEN-MPI.ORG NR 45 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1177/1094342005056139 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 982XE UT WOS:000233194400012 ER PT J AU Schneider, MS Kad, B Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Kenik, E Jarmakani, H Meyers, MA AF Schneider, MS Kad, B Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Kenik, E Jarmakani, H Meyers, MA TI Laser shock compression of copper and copper-aluminum alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Impact Engineering CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE laser; laser shock; compression; shock compression; copper; void; void growth; dislocation; loop emissions; high strain rate ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; DYNAMIC DEFORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; STRESS WAVES; CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; METALS; ENERGY; CRACK AB Copper and copper aluminum (2 and 6 wt% Al) with orientations [001] and [134] were subjected to high intensity laser shocks (energy levels of 40 - 300 J; energy densities of 15 - 70 MJ/m(2) and durations below 10 ns). In situ X-ray diffraction and VISAR wave profile measurements were used to study the response of the lattice to the shock. Recovered samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy in order to study the defects within the lattice. The results are rationalized in terms of a criterion in which slip and twinning are considered as competing mechanisms. The slip-twinning transition is determined quantitatively and predicted as a function of orientation, temperature, and stacking fault energy (determined by the Al content of the alloy). A constitutive description is applied to the two orientations and differing compositions, incorporating both slip and twinning in terms of orientation, stacking fault energy, temperature, and strain rate. The threshold stress is calculated, considering the effect of shock heating. The constitutive description provides calculated thresholds in pure copper: 18 GPa for [001] and 25 GPa for [134]. The experimentally determined threshold twinning stress for pure copper in the [001] orientation is 25 GPa, whereas the one for the [134] orientation is between 40 and 60 GPa. The predictions are in agreement with experiments. It also provides thresholds for the Cu-Al alloys. The growth of voids in incipient spalling is modeled by dislocation loop emission from the void surface. The first dislocation-based void growth mechanism, proposed by Lubarda et al. [Acta Mat 2004; 52: 1397] is reviewed and extended to three dimensions. It has a generality rendering it applicable to a broad range of strain rates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, MC 0418, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mameyers@ucsd.edu RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1-4 BP 473 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.05.010 PG 35 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 993SR UT WOS:000233975800029 ER PT J AU Miller, SF Kao, CC Shih, AJ Qu, J AF Miller, SF Kao, CC Shih, AJ Qu, J TI Investigation of wire electrical discharge machining of thin cross-sections and compliant mechanisms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE wire EDM; compliant mechanism; material removal rate ID MATERIAL REMOVAL; HOLE AB The wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) of cross-section with minimum thickness and compliant mechanisms is studied. Effects of EDM process parameters, particularly the spark cycle time and spark on-time on thin cross-section cutting of Nd-Fe-B magnetic material, carbon bipolar plate, and titanium are investigated. An envelope of feasible wire EDM process parameters is generated for the commercially pure titanium. The application of such envelope to select suitable EDM process parameters for micro feature generation is demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of EDM surface, subsurface, and debris are presented. SEM observations lead to a hypothesis based on the thermal and electrostatic stress induced fracture to explain the limiting factor for wire EDM cutting of thin-sections. Applications of the thin cross-section EDM cutting for manufacture of compliant mechanisms are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 15 BP 1717 EP 1725 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.03.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 981ZM UT WOS:000233126500009 ER PT J AU Cool, TA Wang, J Nakajima, K Taatjes, CA McIlroy, A AF Cool, TA Wang, J Nakajima, K Taatjes, CA McIlroy, A TI Photoionization cross sections for reaction intermediates in hydrocarbon combustion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE photoionization cross sections; hydrocarbons; photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS); combustion chemistry ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSOLUTE PHOTOABSORPTION; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; IONIZATION POTENTIALS; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Previously unmeasured absolute photoionization cross sections are presented for eight common reaction intermediates found in the combustion of many simple hydrocarbons. Total photoionization cross sections recorded for I I additional hydrocarbons are in good agreement with previous studies. The measurements are performed with photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS), using VUV synchrotron radiation. Absolute cross sections for molecular and dissociative photoionization are determined by comparison of the photoionization efficiencies for each intermediate with that of propene, used as a calibration standard, for photon energies from 9.7 to 11.75 eV, recorded with a photon energy resolution of 50 meV(fwhm). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cool, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, 228 Clark Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tac13@cornell.edu NR 62 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.08.018 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 993TV UT WOS:000233978900003 ER PT J AU Van Ham, R Van Vaeck, L Adriaens, A Adams, F Hodges, B Appelhans, A Groenewold, G AF Van Ham, R Van Vaeck, L Adriaens, A Adams, F Hodges, B Appelhans, A Groenewold, G TI Semi-quantitative characterisation of binary salt mixtures with static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE static-SIMS; quantification; mixtures; binary salts; polyatomic; sample preparation ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SPECIATION; SPECTRA; SOLIDS AB The use of static secondary ion mass spectrometry for the semi-quantitative characterisation of major components by means of molecule specific ion signals has been investigated for binary salts. The calibration of the peak intensities as a function of the local concentration has been based on reference mixtures. The preparation of the mixtures has been proven to be a major bottleneck. Five different approaches have been tried out. Fast freezing with subsequent cryo-lyophylisation is the preferred method to obtain adequate molecular mixtures for the empirical calibration of relative peak intensities in S-SIMS as a function of the local concentration. The applicability has been verified in two different laboratories and three instrumental S-SIMS configurations. Monoatomic as well as polyatomic primary ions have been used. Specifically, comparative work involved the use of Ga+ primary ions in a time-of-flight (TOF) S-SIMS and ReO4- polyatomic projectiles in an ion trap and a triple quadrupole instrument, used in the single mass selection mode. In all cases, the local content can be determined with an experimental uncertainty of 10-20% using the molecular (adduct) ion signal intensities in either the positive or negative ion detection mode. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 State Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Adriaens, A (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, Krijgslaan 281-S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM annemie.adriaens@ugent.be RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.07.010 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 993TV UT WOS:000233978900004 ER PT J AU Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M Ross, SF AF Hubeny, VE Rangamani, M Ross, SF TI Causally pathological space-times are physically relevant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE causal structures; AdS/CFT ID PLANE-WAVES AB We argue that in the context of string theory, the usual restriction to globally hyperbolic space-times should be considerably relaxed. We exhibit an example of a space-time which only satisfies the causal condition, and so is arbitrarily close to admitting closed causal curves, but which has a well-behaved dual description, free of paradoxes. C1 Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Ctr Particle Theory, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Math Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubeny, VE (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Ctr Particle Theory, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM veronika.hubeny@durham.ac.uk; mukund.rangamani@durham.ac.uk; sfross@durham.ac.uk OI Rangamani, Mukund/0000-0002-4336-1346 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2227 EP 2231 DI 10.1142/S0218271805007760 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019CC UT WOS:000235812200020 ER PT J AU Jackson, MG AF Jackson, MG TI Gravity from a modified commutator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE holography; gravity; commutator; quantum mechanics; UV/IR; AdS/CFT AB We show that a suitably chosen position-momentum commutator can elegantly describe many features of gravity, including the IR/UV correspondence and dimensional reduction ("holography"). Using the most simplistic example based on dimensional analysis of black holes, we construct a commutator which qualitatively exhibits these novel properties of gravity. Dimensional reduction occurs because the quanta size grow quickly with momenta, and thus cannot be "packed together" as densely as naively expected. We conjecture that a more precise form of this commutator should be able to quantitatively reproduce all of these features. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jackson, MG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM markj@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.1142/S0218271805007814 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 019CC UT WOS:000235812200022 ER PT J AU Roy, D Panda, A Calaf, GM Mitra, A AF Roy, D Panda, A Calaf, GM Mitra, A TI Differential gene expression of sulindac-treated human breast epithelial cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA expression array; human mammary epithelial cell ID MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; SULFONE METABOLITE; GADD45 PROMOTER; HUMAN TISSUES; CYCLE ARREST; DNA-REPAIR; P53; CANCER; APOPTOSIS; GROWTH AB Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second major cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of breast cancer have identified various genes associated with tumorigenesis. There is evidence that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g. sulindac, have some anti-proliferative effects on various tumors involving altered p53 function. Most of these studies have been performed with various human colon carcinoma cell lines and few of them focus on non-malignant proliferative human mammary epithelial cell lines. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze the differentially expressed genes of the p53 signaling pathway by means of a gene array for the immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF- 10F, treated with sulindac. Out of the total 96 genes, only 17 were altered by the drug treatment. Among these 17 genes, 6 showed significant alteration (Q>2.0), whereas I I genes showed moderate alterations. Altered genes included BRCA1 associated protein-1 [ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (bap1)]; cell division cycle 2, G(1) to S and G(2) to M [cdk1(cdc2)]; and DNA-damage-inducible transcript 1 (gadd45), which were down-regulated. However, N-myc gene 1 (rtp), promyelocytic leukemia (pml), and nuclear factor of kappa-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell 3 and p65 [avian (rel A)] were up-regulated. Northern blot analysis confirmed some of these alterations. The alteration of p53 signaling pathway gene markers by sulindac treatment can give us valuable information about the response to drug treatments in a proliferative cell population. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Manhattan Coll, Grad Biotechnol Program, Riverdale, NY USA. Univ Tarapaca, Fac Sci, Biol & Hlth Dept, Arica, Chile. Univ Tarapaca, Ctr Invest Hombre Desierto, Arica, Chile. Coll Mt St Vincent, Manhattan Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Riverdale, NY USA. RP Roy, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM droy@bnl.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1727 EP 1736 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 988ET UT WOS:000233575100030 PM 16273229 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Bounds and estimates for elastic constants of random polycrystals of laminates (vol 42, pg 3730, 2005) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 26 BP 6711 EP 6712 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.04.004 PG 2 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 981AZ UT WOS:000233060700013 ER PT J AU Barnum, H Ortiz, G Somma, R Viola, L AF Barnum, Howard Ortiz, Gerardo Somma, Rolando Viola, Lorenza TI A generalization of entanglement to convex operational theories: Entanglement relative to a subspace of observables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE entanglement; convex cones; ordered linear spaces; coherent states; Lie algebras; Lie groups; operational theories; observables; local operations AB We define what it means for a state in a convex cone of states on a space of observables to be generalized-entangled relative to a subspace of the observables, in a general ordered linear spaces framework for operational theories. This extends the notion of ordinary entanglement in quantum information theory to a much more general framework. Some important special cases are described, in which the distinguished observables are subspaces of the observables of a quantum system, leading to results like the identification of generalized unentangled states with Lie-group-theoretic coherent states when the special observables form an irreducibly represented Lie algebra. Some open problems, including that of generalizing the semigroup of local operations with classical communication to the convex cones case, are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2127 EP 2145 DI 10.1007/s10773-005-9009-8 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 055WX UT WOS:000238483000002 ER PT J AU Keller-McNulty, S Nakhleh, CW Singpurwalla, ND AF Keller-McNulty, S Nakhleh, CW Singpurwalla, ND TI A paradigm for masking (camouflaging) information SO INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE decision-theory; entropy; intrusion; Shannon information; statistical disclosure limitation; utility ID DISCLOSURE AB This is an expository paper. Here we propose a decision-theoretic framework for addressing aspects of the confidentiality of information problems in publicly released data. Our basic premise is that the problem needs to be conceptualized by looking at the actions of three agents: a data collector, a legitimate data user, and an intruder. Here we aim to prescribe the actions of the first agent who desires to provide useful information to the second agent, but must protect against possible misuse by the third. The first agent is under the constraint that the released data has to be public to all; this in some societies may not be the case. A novel aspect of our paper is that all utilities-fundamental to decision making-are in terms of Shannon's information entropy. Thus what gets released is a distribution whose entropy maximizes the expected utility of the first agent. This means that the distribution that gets released will be different from that which generates the collected data. The discrepancy between the two distributions can be assessed via the Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy function. Our proposed strategy therefore boils down to the notion that it is the information content of the data, not the actual data, that gets masked. Current practice of "statistical disclosure limitation" masks the observed data via transformations or cell suppression. These transformations are guided by balancing what are known as "disclosure risks" and "data utility". The entropy indexed utility functions we propose are isomorphic to the above two entities. Thus our approach provides a formal link to that which is currently practiced in statistical disclosure limitation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Keller-McNulty, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI SINGPURWALLA, Nozer Darabsha/0000-0003-3578-2308 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT STATISTICAL INST PI VOORBURG PA 428 PRINSES BEATRIXLAAN, 2270 AZ VOORBURG, NETHERLANDS SN 0306-7734 J9 INT STAT REV JI Int. Stat. Rev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 331 EP 349 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 997YX UT WOS:000234286100004 ER PT J AU Asaki, TJ Chartrand, R Vixie, KR Wohlberg, B AF Asaki, TJ Chartrand, R Vixie, KR Wohlberg, B TI Abel inversion using total-variation regularization SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article AB In the case of radiography of a cylindrically symmetric object, the Abel transform is useful for describing the tomographic measurement operator. The inverse of this operator is unbounded, so regularization is required for the computation of satisfactory inversions. We introduce the use of the total variation seminorm for this purpose, and prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the corresponding variational problem. We illustrate the effectiveness of the total-variation regularization with an example and comparison with the unregularized inverse and the H-1 regularized inverse. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asaki, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, CCS-2,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rickc@lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015; OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843; Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1903 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/21/6/006 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 996UP UT WOS:000234200900018 ER PT J AU Westfall, C AF Westfall, C TI Growing explanation: Historical perspectives on recent science. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Hist Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hist, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Westfall, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Hist Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 2005 VL 96 IS 4 BP 678 EP 679 DI 10.1086/501413 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 003TA UT WOS:000234703300054 ER PT J AU Herrera, GV AF Herrera, GV TI Staying competitive SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mfg Sci & Technol, Sandia, NM USA. RP Herrera, GV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mfg Sci & Technol, Sandia, NM USA. EM herrergv@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 20 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 887IB UT WOS:000226298100021 ER PT J AU Dahotre, NB Seal, S AF Dahotre, NB Seal, S TI Surface engineering in micro-nanotechnology SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2005 VL 57 IS 12 BP 45 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0181-3 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 996PF UT WOS:000234185800005 ER PT J AU Engleman, PG Kurella, A Samant, A Blue, CA Dahotre, NB AF Engleman, PG Kurella, A Samant, A Blue, CA Dahotre, NB TI The application of laser-induced multi-scale surface texturing SO JOM LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT-CAPACITY; POLYMERS AB Recently, there has been. interest in controlling microstructure and surface texture on smaller and smaller scales. However, in nature, materials are organized at? length scales varying from the nano- to the micro- and larger It? order to realize hiercirchical structuring for use in biomedical and mechanical systems, two methods for producing multi-scale surface microstructures and physical textures are explained. The first investigates the use of a marking laser to produce multi-scale texturing of zirconia coatings on T-6Al-4V substrates and the second method discusses the design and challenges associated with laser interference surface texturing along with process and material factors controlling surface structures. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2005 VL 57 IS 12 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0182-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 996PF UT WOS:000234185800006 ER PT J AU Tranquada, JM AF Tranquada, JM TI Charge stripes in cuprate superconductors: The middle way SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2005) CY AUG 21-27, 2005 CL Cargese, FRANCE SP Lab Phys Theroi & Modeles Stat, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Lab Phys Solides, Inst Etudes Sci Cargese ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITATION SPECTRUM; PLANE; STATE; ORDER; GAP AB Charge and spin stripe order is a type of electronic crystal observed in certain layered cuprates associated with high-temperature superconductivity. Quantum-disordered stripes could be relevant for understanding the Superconductivity. Here I discuss recent experimental characterizations of the stripe-ordered state in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, and compare them with properties of superconducting compositions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 2005 VL 131 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1051/jp4:2005131014 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 000WH UT WOS:000234492600015 ER PT J AU Isakovic, AF Evans, PG Cai, Z Lai, B Kmetko, J Cicak, K Thorne, RE AF Isakovic, AF Evans, PG Cai, Z Lai, B Kmetko, J Cicak, K Thorne, RE TI Transverse correlations and plasticity in the CDW conductor NbSe3 studied by X-ray microbeam diffraction SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Worskhop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2005) CY AUG 21-27, 2005 CL Cargese, FRANCE SP Lab Phys Theroi & Modeles Stat, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Lab Phys Solides, Inst Etudes Sci Cargese ID MICRODIFFRACTION AB In whisker-like samples of the quasi-1D conductor NbSe3, the presence of longitudinal steps causes shearing of the CDW, and leads to a loss of transverse correlations. We use a microdiffraction setup with a spatial resolution of 300 run and an angular sensitivity of 5 mdeg to image the resulting CDW contrast between thick and thin portions of the sample. Microdiffraction in the b* - c* plane shows that depinning oil the thick, weakly pinned side is accompanied by the loss of diffraction intensity, demonstrating a loss of correlations in qualitative agreement with previous X-ray diffraction topography measurements(1), but with all order-of-magnitude improvement in spatial resolution. Microdiffraction images in the a* - b* plane reveal a sharp increase in the full width at half maximum in an approximately 1 micron thick region near the step edge and a rotation of the CDW wavevector that varies with applied field. We use the extremal value of the CDW wavevector rotation to estimate the shear modulus of this electronic crystal. C1 Cornell Univ, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Isakovic, AF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Isakovic, Abdel/A-7430-2009; Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009 OI Isakovic, Abdel/0000-0003-1779-4209; Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 2005 VL 131 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1051/jp4:2005131033 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 000WH UT WOS:000234492600034 ER PT J AU Klironomos, AD Ramazashvili, RR Matveev, KA AF Klironomos, AD Ramazashvili, RR Matveev, KA TI Exchange coupling in a one-dimensional Wigner crystal SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Worskhop on Electronic Crystals (ECRYS-2005) CY AUG 21-27, 2005 CL Cargese, FRANCE SP Lab Phys Theroi & Modeles Stat, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Lab Phys Solides, Inst Etudes Sci Cargese ID QUANTUM POINT CONTACTS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; ELECTRON-GAS AB We consider a long quantum wire at low electron densities. In this strong interaction regime a Wigner crystal may form. in which electrons comprise an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain. The coupling constant J is exponentially small, its it originates front tunneling of two neighboring electrons through the segregating potential barrier. We study this exponential dependence, properly accounting for the many-body effects and the finite width of the wire. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klironomos, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Klironomos, Alexios/B-4153-2008; Ramazashvili, Revaz/J-5090-2013 OI Klironomos, Alexios/0000-0002-3577-1740; Ramazashvili, Revaz/0000-0001-5133-8253 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 2005 VL 131 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.1051/jp4:2005131059 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 000WH UT WOS:000234492600060 ER PT J AU Bocanegra, R Galan, D Marquez, M Loscertales, IG Barrero, A AF Bocanegra, R Galan, D Marquez, M Loscertales, IG Barrero, A TI Multiple electrosprays emitted from an array of holes SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electro-hydrodynamics; electrospray; multiplexing electrospray; liquid atomization ID HOLLOW NANOFIBERS; TAYLOR CONES; FIBERS; GENERATION; SURFACES; JETS AB Orifices instead of needle capillaries can be used for electrospraying liquids in steady cone-jet mode. This novel device has been used for multiplexing cone-jet menisci anchored at the rim of orifices drilled on a slide. The stability and reliability of the electrospraying process from holes improve substantially when orifices are drilled in dielectric materials with hydrophobic surfaces. The manufacturing process of high compactness multi-electrospray atomizers becomes much easier and cheaper if holes instead of needles are used as emitters. Very cheap multi-hole electrospray atomizers, bearing up to 37 holes and with a compactness of up to 115 emitters per square centimeter, have been home-made and successfully operated. The current and droplet size distribution of the spray issued from these atomizers agreed quite well with those issued from a single source of electrospray, provided that the same flow rate was being electrosprayed throughout each one of the orifices of the multi-injector, and that this value was equal to that issued from the single electrospray source. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Malaga, Escuela Ingn Ind, Malaga 29013, Spain. Univ Sevilla, Escuela Super Ingn, Seville 41092, Spain. Yflow SL, Malaga 29590, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. PMUSA, INEST Grp, New Technol Res, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Loscertales, IG (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Escuela Ingn Ind, Malaga 29013, Spain. EM loscertales@uma.es; barrero@eurus2.us.es NR 23 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1399 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.04.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994ZA UT WOS:000234068500001 ER PT J AU Yadav, MK Gerdts, CJ Sanishvili, R Smith, WW Roach, LS Ismagilov, RF Kuhn, P Stevens, RC AF Yadav, MK Gerdts, CJ Sanishvili, R Smith, WW Roach, LS Ismagilov, RF Kuhn, P Stevens, RC TI In situ data collection and structure refinement from microcapillary protein crystallization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM; RADIATION-DAMAGE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALS; MICROBATCH; RESOLUTION; DIFFUSION; DROPLETS; BEAM AB In situ X-ray data collection has the potential to eliminate the challenging task of mounting and cryocooling often fragile protein crystals, reducing a major bottleneck in the structure determination process. An apparatus used to grow protein crystals in capillaries and to compare the background X-ray scattering of the components, including thin-walled glass capillaries against Teflon, and various fluorocarbon oils against each other, is described. Using thaumatin as a test case at 1.8 angstrom resolution, this study demonstrates that high-resolution electron density maps and refined models can be obtained from in situ diffraction of crystals grown in microcapillaries. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, GM CA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, RC (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stevens@scripps.edu RI Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB001903, R01 EB001903-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM074961, U54 GM074961-010004] NR 30 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1107/S002188980502649X PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 983ZO UT WOS:000233271100005 PM 17468785 ER PT J AU Schultz, AJ Thiyagarajan, P Hodges, JP Rehm, C Myles, DAA Langan, P Mesecar, AD AF Schultz, AJ Thiyagarajan, P Hodges, JP Rehm, C Myles, DAA Langan, P Mesecar, AD TI Conceptual design of a macromolecular neutron diffractometer (MaNDi) for the SNS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CONCANAVALIN-A; DIFFRACTION; MYOGLOBIN; HYDROGEN AB This paper describes the design criteria, calculations and simulations for a high-resolution macromolecular neutron diffractometer (MaNDi) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). MaNDi is optimized to achieve 1.5 angstrom resolution from crystals of 0.1-1 mm(3) with lattice repeats in the range of 150 angstrom. It was determined that locating MaNDi on a decoupled hydrogen moderator beamline with a curved guide will provide data of higher resolution and higher signal-to-noise than a coupled hydrogen moderator at the SNS. In addition, for an instrument with an initial flight path of 24 m at the 60 Hz source and a wavelength bandwidth of Delta lambda similar or equal to 2.7 angstrom, bandwidth selection disk choppers can shift the wavelength range higher or lower for different experiments. With a wavelength range of 1.5-4.2 angstrom and d(min) = 2.0 angstrom, simulations predict experiment duration times of 1-7 d, which is expected to revolutionize neutron macromolecular crystallography (NMC) for applications in the fields of structural biology, enzymology and computational chemistry. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Schultz, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ajschultz@anl.gov RI Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016; OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964; Hodges, Jason/0000-0003-3016-4578; Mesecar, Andrew/0000-0002-1241-2577 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 BP 964 EP 974 DI 10.1107/S0021889805030256 PN 6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 983ZO UT WOS:000233271100013 ER PT J AU Barker, JG Glinka, CJ Moyer, JJ Kim, MH Drews, AR Agamalian, M AF Barker, JG Glinka, CJ Moyer, JJ Kim, MH Drews, AR Agamalian, M TI Design and performance of a thermal-neutron double-crystal diffractometer for USANS at NIST SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; X-RAY; INSTRUMENT; OPTIMIZATION; RESOLUTION; SILICON; REACTOR; CURVES; FILTER AB An ultra-high-resolution small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) double-crystal diffractometer (DCD) is now in operation at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The instrument uses multiple reflections from large silicon (220) perfect single crystals, before and after the sample, to produce both high beam intensity and a low instrument background suitable for small-angle scattering measurements. The minimum detector background to beam intensity ratio (noise-to-signal, N/S) for q >= 5 x 10(-4) angstrom(-1) is 4 x 10(-7). The instrument uses 2.38 A wavelength neutrons on a dedicated thermal neutron beam port, producing a peak flux on the sample of 17300 cm(-2) s(-1). The typical measurement range of the instrument extends from 3 x 10(-5) angstrom(-1) to 5 x 10(-3) angstrom(-1) in scattering wavevector (q), providing information on material structure over the size range from 0.1 mm to 20 mm. This paper describes the design and characteristics of the instrument, the mode of operation, and presents data that demonstrate the instrument's performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barker, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.barker@nist.gov OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 32 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 BP 1004 EP 1011 DI 10.1107/S0021889805032103 PN 6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 983ZO UT WOS:000233271100018 ER PT J AU Lunde, CS Rouhani, S Remis, JP Ruzin, SE Ernst, JA Glaeser, RM AF Lunde, CS Rouhani, S Remis, JP Ruzin, SE Ernst, JA Glaeser, RM TI UV microscopy at 280 nm is effective in screening for the growth of protein microcrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB This paper describes the relatively simple modification of a light microscope to operate with ultraviolet-based optics. Using a 280 nm UV illumination source, protein microcrystals are readily visualized in gels made from hydrated bilayers of phospholipids. Non-colored proteins stand out as clearly as colored proteins in this system, the imaging of which is based on UV absorption by tryptophan residues. In addition, protein crystals are easily distinguished from salt crystals. Artifacts from the lipid-based crystallization medium, which are frequently seen in brightfield microscopy, are greatly reduced when viewed in this UV-based microscope. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Lab, Donner Lab 160, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Genentech Inc, Dept Prot Chem, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lunde, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Lab, Donner Lab 160, 3220, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cslunde@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 BP 1031 EP 1034 DI 10.1107/S0021889805028888 PN 6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 983ZO UT WOS:000233271100022 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Gapud, AA Kang, S Christen, HM Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Thompson, JR Christen, DK Meng, R Rusakova, I Chu, CW Johansen, TH AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Gapud, AA Kang, S Christen, HM Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Thompson, JR Christen, DK Meng, R Rusakova, I Chu, CW Johansen, TH TI Enhancement of flux pinning and critical currents in YBa2Cu3O7-delta films by nanoscale iridium pretreatment of substrate surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; POWER APPLICATIONS; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE; NANODOTS; DEFECTS; CENTERS AB We have acquired positive results in a controlled study to investigate the effects of substrate surface modification on the growth-induced flux-pinning nanostructures in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. Nanoscale iridium (Ir) particles were applied to single-crystal SrTiO3 substrate surfaces using dc-magnetron sputtering. Superconducting properties of YBCO films grown on the Ir-modified substrates, measured by transport and magneto-optical imaging, have shown substantial improvement in the critical current densities (J(c)) at 77 K over those on untreated, control substrates. Results also show a nearly uniform enhancement of J(c) over all orientations of magnetic field. Present results are found to be consistent with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy investigations. Ultimately, the objective of this approach is to produce enhancements in the properties of coated conductors by a simple pretreatment of the substrate surface. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 22 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 114309 DI 10.1063/1.2138370 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600075 ER PT J AU Celliers, PM Collins, GW Hicks, DG Eggert, JH AF Celliers, PM Collins, GW Hicks, DG Eggert, JH TI Systematic uncertainties in shock-wave impedance-match analysis and the high-pressure equation of state of Al SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOLID DEUTERIUM; 900 KBAR; COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM; GPA; MOLYBDENUM; TANTALUM; METALS; COPPER AB A method for producing quantitative estimates of systematic uncertainties generated in the analysis of impedance-match shock-wave data is described. Central to the method is an analytic representation of the principal Hugoniot of the standard which incorporates a description of data-dependent uncertainties of the principal Hugoniot and model-dependent uncertainties of the off-Hugoniot states. Expressions for the sound speed and Gruneisen coefficient along the principal Hugoniot are also derived with uncertainties. An accurate impedance-match shock-wave equation of state for Al to shock pressure of 3 TPa is given and is used to estimate the systematic uncertainties of several previously published experimental results. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Celliers, PM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM celliers1@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113529 DI 10.1063/1.2140077 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600040 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Kneissl, M AF Chow, WW Kneissl, M TI Laser gain properties of AlGaN quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GROUP-III NITRIDES; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAN; NM; ALN; EMISSION; SPECTRA; DENSITY AB Laser gain is investigated for AlGaN wurtzite quantum-well structures emitting in the wavelength range from similar to 270 to 340 nm. The calculations show that gain properties vary notably with aluminum concentration in the quantum well. The TE gain dominates over the entire spectral range, although an enhancement of TM gain is observed for AlGaN quantum wells with the high aluminum mole fraction. The calculations also predict an increase in threshold current density for the shorter-wavelength lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Elect Mat & Devices Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kneissl@physik.tu-berlin.de RI Kneissl, Michael/B-9682-2012 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 114502 DI 10.1063/1.2128495 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600087 ER PT J AU Gloeckler, M Sites, JR Metzger, WK AF Gloeckler, M Sites, JR Metzger, WK TI Grain-boundary recombination in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; THIN-FILMS; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; DEVICE; MODEL; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Two-dimensional simulations are performed to investigate the impact of grain boundaries (GBs) on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar-cell performance. Charged defect levels and compositional variations at GBs are considered. Neutral grain boundaries in the CIGS layer are predicted to be most detrimental if they are parallel to the main junction and located within the depletion region. For columnar GBs with a grain size near 1 mu m, the effective grain-boundary recombination velocity must be less than 10(4) cm/s to allow for record-efficiency devices. The majority-hole repulsion (additional donors at the GB) and the resulting band bending have a small effect on current collection but substantially lower the open-circuit voltage, and the combined effect is generally a lowering of the solar-cell efficiency. Minority-electron repulsion (additional acceptors at the GB) will partially mitigate GB recombination. A downshift of the valence-band energy, as predicted by the observed Cu depletion at CIGS GBs, can effectively block holes from the GB region and allow efficiencies comparable to GB-free material. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gloeckler, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sites@lamar.colostate.edu NR 38 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 70 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113704 DI 10.1063/1.2133906 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600044 ER PT J AU Ji, XS Ju, HL McCready, DE Krishnan, KM AF Ji, XS Ju, HL McCready, DE Krishnan, KM TI Interface structure and perpendicular exchange bias in (Co/Pt)(n)/FeMn multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; SUPERLATTICES; HETEROSYSTEMS; DEPENDENCE; BILAYERS; GROWTH AB We have performed a critical experimental evaluation of the dependence of both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias on the structure of the ferromagnet (FM)/nonferromagnet and FM/antiferromagnet interfaces of (Co/Pt)(n) and (Co/Pt)(n)/FeMn multilayers. The growth of these heterostructures by ion-beam sputtering was optimized and the characteristics of their interfaces were systematically controlled by varying the ion-beam energy from 250 to 1500 eV. Calculated effective anisotropy constants and exchange bias fields from hysteresis loops were correlated with both structural roughness and the degree of interdiffusion measured by x-ray reflectivity. Whilst the physical roughness remained unchanged, the degree of interdiffusion was found to increase with higher ion-beam energy-concurrently the magnetic anisotropy changed from perpendicular to in plane-leading directly to a decrease in exchange bias and coercivity. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ji, XS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kannanmk@u.washington.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 116101 DI 10.1063/1.2137878 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600107 ER PT J AU Kang, K Lewis, LH Jiang, JS Bader, SD AF Kang, K Lewis, LH Jiang, JS Bader, SD TI Recoil hysteresis of Sm-Co/Fe exchange-spring bilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIZATION; PRODUCT AB The exchange-spring behavior found in Sm-Co (20 nm)/Fe epitaxial bilayer films was investigated by analyzing major hysteresis and recoil curves as a function of anneal conditions. The hard layer consists of nanocrystalline intermetallic Sm-Co hexagonal phases (majority phase Sm2Co7 with SmCo3 and SmCo5). Recoil curves, obtained from the successive removal to remanence and reapplication of an increasingly negative field from the major demagnetization curve, reveal the reversible and irreversible components of the magnetization. The Sm-Co thickness was fixed at 20 nm while the Fe thicknesses of 10 and 20 nm were studied, with ex situ annealing carried out in evacuated, sealed silica tubes at different temperatures. The peak in the recoil curve area is associated with the coercivity of the hard phase. The development of the soft component magnetization is revealed by the departure of the recoil area from zero with application of a reverse field. These two features together confirm that annealing stabilizes the 10 nm Fe bilayer sample against local magnetic reversal while it weakens the 20 nm bilayer sample. Furthermore, in both its as-deposited and annealed states the Sm-Co/Fe bilayer of 10 nm Fe thickness always displays a higher exchange field and smaller recoil loop areas than the bilayer of 20 nm Fe thickness, consistent with a stronger exchange response and more reversible magnetization in the former. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kkang@bnl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113906 DI 10.1063/1.2138785 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600057 ER PT J AU Levin, EM Rawal, A Bud'ko, SL Kracher, A Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Levin, EM Rawal, A Bud'ko, SL Kracher, A Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Bulk magnetization and nuclear magnetic resonance of magnetically purified layered silicates and their polymer-based nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; SOLID-STATE NMR; CLAY INTERCALATION; MINERALS; SEPARATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; HECTORITE; SMECTITES AB The bulk magnetization and the H-1 and Si-29 nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectra of two layered silicates, montmorillonite (MMT) and hectorite (HCT), purified by high-gradient magnetic separation, and of HCT-polymer nanocomposites have been measured. At 300 K, the magnetization of MMT as received shows a behavior typical of paramagnets and does not change significantly even after similar to 100 h of magnetic separation. The magnetization of HCT as received is typical of a weak ferromagnet but it changes drastically after magnetic separation. The extracted particles have sizes varying from a few to about 150 mu m and show ferromagneticlike properties at 300 K. While the magnetization/magnetic-field ratio, M/H, of HCT is reduced 50-fold after similar to 15 min of magnetic separation and shows predominantly diamagnetic properties at 300 K after similar to 30 h, we have also found that HCT contains similar to 0.2 mass % of paramagnetic Fe ions, with an effective magnetic moment of similar to 5.2 mu(B) per Fe ion, as a regular element of its lattice. This is much smaller than the similar to 3.8 mass % in MMT. Spinning sidebands in H-1 NMR spectra of HCT as received are reduced by magnetic separation. This indicates that dipolar interactions between nuclei and paramagnetic ions even in separated phases can affect the NMR spectra. Magnetically purified hectorite was used for preparing polymer-HCT nanocomposites where the NMR spectra show increased signal-to-noise ratios. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 114315 DI 10.1063/1.2139827 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600081 ER PT J AU Liu, C Conley, R Macrander, AT Maser, J Kang, HC Zurbuchen, MA Stephenson, GB AF Liu, C Conley, R Macrander, AT Maser, J Kang, HC Zurbuchen, MA Stephenson, GB TI Depth-graded multilayers for application in transmission geometry as linear zone plates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; W/SI MULTILAYERS; RESOLUTION; COATINGS; MIRRORS; OPTICS; GROWTH; FILMS; MO; SI AB Fresnel zone plates for x-ray focusing optics are typically made using lithographic techniques. To achieve optimum efficiency for hard x rays, a depth of several microns is required, which limits the minimum zone width and hence minimum focal spot size achievable using lithography. We are exploring the fabrication of zone plates by an alternative technique that surmounts these limitations: the growth of a multilayer film to be used in transmission (Laue) diffraction geometry, in which the thickness of consecutive layers gradually increases according to the Fresnel zone formula; the film is sectioned after growth to the required depth. For a planar multilayer, this produces a linear zone plate that can focus x rays in one dimension. Here we report the growth and characterization of a depth-graded multilayer suitable for use as a zone plate for hard x-ray focusing. The multilayer has a total of 470 alternating layers of WSi2 and Si with thicknesses increasing monotonically from 15 to 60 nm, for a total thickness of 11.33 mu m. One of the major challenges is to understand and select the right material system for this kind of thick multilayer. We have found that WSi2/Si is a promising system. A comparison between WSi2/Si and W/Si multilayers is presented. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov RI Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113519 DI 10.1063/1.2138378 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600030 ER PT J AU Vogan, WS Anderson, WW Grover, M Hammerberg, JE King, NSP Lamoreaux, SK Macrum, G Morley, KB Rigg, PA Stevens, GD Turley, WD Veeser, LR Buttler, WT AF Vogan, WS Anderson, WW Grover, M Hammerberg, JE King, NSP Lamoreaux, SK Macrum, G Morley, KB Rigg, PA Stevens, GD Turley, WD Veeser, LR Buttler, WT TI Piezoelectric characterization of ejecta from shocked tin surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Using piezoelectric diagnostics, we have measured densities and velocities of ejected particulate as well as "free-surface velocities" of bulk tin targets shock loaded with high explosive. The targets had finely grooved, machined finishes ranging from 10 to 250 mu in. Two types of piezoelectric sensor ("piezopins"), lithium niobate and lead zirconate titanate, were compared for durability and repeatability; in addition, some piezopins were "shielded" with foam and metal foil in order to mitigate premature failure of the pins in high ejecta regimes. These experiments address questions about ejecta production at a given shock pressure as a function of surface finish; piezopin results are compared with those from complementary diagnostics such as x-ray radiography and time-resolved optical transmission techniques. The mass ejection shows a marked dependence on groove characteristics and cannot be described by a groove defect theory alone. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vogan, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Phys, P-23 MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vogan@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113508 DI 10.1063/1.2132521 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600019 ER PT J AU White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Thomas, DK Williams, JM Meldrum, A Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Ownby, GW Wendelken, JF Boatner, LA AF White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Thomas, DK Williams, JM Meldrum, A Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Ownby, GW Wendelken, JF Boatner, LA TI Annealing-environment effects on the properties of CoPt nanoparticles formed in single-crystal Al2O3 by ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY RECORDING MEDIA; FEPT THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BEAM SYNTHESIS; C FILMS; ALLOY; COERCIVITY; ANISOTROPY; PARTICLES; ENTHALPY AB The ion implantation of nearly equal doses of Co and Pt into a single-crystal Al2O3 host followed by thermal annealing leads to the formation of nanoparticles whose phase, structure, and physical properties are strongly dependent on the annealing environment. Annealing in 96%Ar+4%H-2 gives rise to ferromagnetic, chemically ordered CoPt nanoparticles with the L1(0) structure and a magnetic coercivity that can exceed 10 kOe at 5 K. Annealing in O-2 (or in Ar) does not result in the formation of a CoPt alloy. Instead, the implanted Pt precipitates to form oriented elemental Pt nanoparticles, and the implanted Co combines with oxygen to form Co3O4 oxide nanoparticles. Annealing in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions results in a mixture of phases including CoPt3 and Co3O4 and possibly Co. The results obtained for Co+Pt-implanted Al2O3 are compared with the previous results for Fe+Pt-implanted Al2O3 annealed in similar environments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. BronteK Delta Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP White, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM whitecw@ornl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 114311 DI 10.1063/1.2138801 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600077 ER PT J AU Zhao, YJ Mahadevan, P Zunger, A AF Zhao, YJ Mahadevan, P Zunger, A TI Practical rules for orbital-controlled ferromagnetism of 3d impurities in semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; AB-INITIO; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; DOPED ZNO; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SPINTRONICS; RESONANCE AB We distill from first-principles spin-polarized total-energy calculations some practical rules for predicting the magnetic state (ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic) of substitutional transition-metal impurity with different charge state in various host crystal groups IV, III-V, II-VI, I-III-Vi(2), and II-IV-V-2 semiconductors. The basic mechanism is the stabilization of a ferromagnetic bond between two transition metals if the interacting orbitals are partially-occupied. These rules are then subjected to quantitative tests, which substantiate the mechanism of ferromagnetism in these systems. We discuss cases where current electronic structure calculations agree with these rules, and identify a few cases where conflicts exist. The effect of doping on transition-metal magnetic properties is also covered by these rules by considering the oxidation state changes due to doping. In addition, we systematically apply these rules to ideal substitutional impurities, contrasting our predictions with experiment. Discrepancies may be used to assess the role of various nonidealities such as presence of additional dopants, precipitates, clusters, or interstitial sites. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhao, YJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zhao, Yu-Jun/A-1219-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Zhao, Yu-Jun/0000-0002-6923-1099; NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113901 DI 10.1063/1.2128470 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600052 ER PT J AU Chromy, BA Choi, MW Murphy, GA Gonzales, AD Corzett, CH Chang, BC Fitch, JP McCutchen-Maloney, SL AF Chromy, BA Choi, MW Murphy, GA Gonzales, AD Corzett, CH Chang, BC Fitch, JP McCutchen-Maloney, SL TI Proteomic characterization of Yersinia pestis virulence SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-A; LOW-CALCIUM RESPONSE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR PLA; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; L-ALANINE AMIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MURINE TOXIN; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ALPHA-ENOLASE AB The Yersinia pestis proteome was studied as a function of temperature and calcium by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Over 4,100 individual protein spots were detected, of which hundreds were differentially expressed. A total of 43 differentially expressed protein spots, representing 24 unique proteins, were identified by mass spectrometry. Differences in expression were observed for several virulence-associated factors, including catalase-peroxidase (KatY), murine toxin (Ymt), plasminogen activator (Pla), and F1 capsule antigen (Cafl), as well as several putative virulence factors and membrane-bound and metabolic proteins. Differentially expressed proteins not previously reported to contribute to virulence are candidates for more detailed mechanistic studies, representing potential new virulence determinants. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCutchen-Maloney, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, 7000 E Ave,L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smaloney@llnl.gov OI , /0000-0003-0172-3705 NR 82 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 187 IS 23 BP 8172 EP 8180 DI 10.1128/JB.187.23.8172-8180.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 994CY UT WOS:000234009200030 PM 16291690 ER PT J AU Hu, P Brodie, EL Suzuki, Y McAdams, HH Andersen, GL AF Hu, P Brodie, EL Suzuki, Y McAdams, HH Andersen, GL TI Whole-genome transcriptional analysis of heavy metal stresses in Caulobacter crescentus SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; GTP CYCLOHYDROLASE II; BACTERIAL-CELL-CYCLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ARSENIC RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; IN-VIVO; CHROMIUM(VI) AB The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and related stalk bacterial species are known for their distinctive ability to live in low-nutrient environments, a characteristic of most heavy metal-contaminated sites. Caulobacter crescentus is a model organism for studying cell cycle regulation with well-developed genetics. We have identified the pathways responding to heavy-metal toxicity in C crescentus to provide insights for the possible application of Caulobacter to environmental restoration. We exposed C. crescentus cells to four heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, selenium, and uranium) and analyzed genome-wide transcriptional activities postexposure using an Affymetrix GeneChip microarray. C. crescentus showed surprisingly high tolerance to uranium, a possible mechanism for which may be the formation of extracellular calcium-uranium-phosphate precipitates. The principal response to these metals was protection against oxidative stress (up-regulation of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase sodA). Glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, glutaredoxins, and DNA repair enzymes responded most strongly to cadmium and chromate. The cadmium and chromium stress response also focused on reducing the intracellular metal concentration, with multiple efflux pumps employed to remove cadmium, while a sulfate transporter was down-regulated to reduce nonspecific uptake of chromium. Membrane proteins were also up-regulated in response to most of the metals tested. A two-component signal transduction system involved in the uranium response was identified. Several differentially regulated transcripts from regions previously not known to encode proteins were identified, demonstrating the advantage of evaluating the transcriptome by using whole-genome microarrays. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Syst Extremophiles, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237006, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI Suzuki, Yohey/G-4980-2014; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Hu, Ping/G-2384-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 76 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 187 IS 24 BP 8437 EP 8449 DI 10.1128/JB.187.24.8437-8449.2005 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 992JK UT WOS:000233880000026 PM 16321948 ER PT J AU Frauenfelder, H AF Frauenfelder, H TI Energy landscape and dynamics of biomolecules Extended abstract SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Biological Physics CY AUG 23, 2004 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN DE protein energy landscape; protein dynamics; protein fluctuations; alpha and beta relaxations; slaving ID CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; SOLVENT; MYOGLOBIN; FLUCTUATIONS; BEHAVIOR; GLASSES; LIQUIDS; BINDING; MOTIONS AB Proteins are not isolated homogeneous systems. Each protein can exist in a very large number of conformations (conformational substates) that are characterized by an energy landscape. The main conformational motions, similar to the alpha and beta fluctuations in glasses, are linked to fluctuations in the bulk solvent and the hydration shell. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s10867-005-0696-4 PG 4 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 991CN UT WOS:000233790000015 PM 23345907 ER PT J AU Veress, AI Gullberg, GT Weiss, JA AF Veress, AI Gullberg, GT Weiss, JA TI Measurement of strain in the left ventricle during diastole with cine-MRI and deformable image registration SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE strain; left ventricle; deformable image registration; soft tissue mechanics; finite element; magnetic resonance imaging ID CANINE LEFT-VENTRICLE; NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT; MYOFIBER ARCHITECTURE; CONSTITUTIVE RELATION; ACTIVE CONTRACTION; PASSIVE MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC-MUSCLE; HEART-FAILURE; BRAIN IMAGES; WALL-MOTION AB The assessment of regional heart wall motion (local strain) can localize ischemic myocordial disease, evaluate myocardial viability, and idently impaired cardiac function due to hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathies. The objectives of this research were to develop and validate a technique known as hyperelastic warping for the measurement of local strains in the left ventricle from clinical cine-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image datasets. The technique uses differences in image intensities between template (reference) and target (loaded) image datasets to generate a body force that deforms a finite element (FE) representation of the template so that it registers with the target image. To validate the technique, MRI image datasets representing two deformation states of a left ventricle were created such that the deformation map between the states represented in the images was known. A beginning diastolic cine-MRI image dataset from a normal human subject was defined as the template. A second image dataset (target) was created by mapping the template image using the deformation results obtained from a,forward FE model of diastolic filling. Fiber stretch and strain predictions from hyperelastic warping showed good agreement with those of the forward solution (R-2 = 0.67 stretch, R-2 = 0.76 circunifcrential strain, R-2 = 0.75 radial strain, and R-2 = 0.70 in-plane shear). The technique had low sensitivity to changes in material parameters (Delta R-2 = -0.023 fiber stretch, Delta R-2 = -0.020 circumferential strain, Delta R-2 = -0.005 radial strain, and Delta R-2 = 0.0125 shear strain with little or no change in rms error), with the exception of changes in bulk modulus of the material. The use of an isotropic hyperelastic constitutive model in the warping analyses degraded the predictions of fiber stretch. Results were unaffected by simulated noise down to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 4.0 (Delta R-2 = -0.032 fiber stretch, Delta R-2 = -0.023 circumferential strain, Delta R-2 = -0.04 radial strain, and Delta R-2 = 0.0211 shear strain with little or no increase in rms error). This study demonstrates that warping in conjunction with cine-MRI imaging can be used to determine local ventricular strains during diastole. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, 50 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 2480, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jeff.weiss@utah.edu OI Veress, Alexander/0000-0002-9334-9257 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01-EB00121] NR 64 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 EI 1528-8951 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2005 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1195 EP 1207 DI 10.1115/1.2073677 PG 13 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 997PT UT WOS:000234259600017 PM 16502662 ER PT J AU Xie, YM Kaminski, MD Guy, SG Rosengart, AJ AF Xie, Yumei Kaminski, Michael D. Guy, Sandra G. Rosengart, Axel J. TI Plasminogen Activator Loaded Magnetic Carriers for Stroke Therapy: A Mass Balance Feasibility Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasminogen Activator; Magnetic Carriers; Injection Dose; Vascular Occlusion; Middle Cerebral Artery; Internal Carotid Artery AB Systemic or catheter-induced thrombolysis is current standards employed in acute stroke therapy; however, significant side effects reduce both the benefit-risk ratio for the individually-treated person as well as the broader applicability of these potentially life-saving procedures. The new thrombolysis method proposed here, based on nanoscale bioengineering, has the potential to improve clot lysis efficiency, reduce side effects, and extend the therapeutic time window in which stroke patients are eligible for treatment. In this system, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-loaded magnetic carriers are injected intravenously, and concentrated at the vascular occlusion site via external magnetic fields. Triggered tPA release from the carriers is then induced through focal ultrasound inducing focal clot lysis. Using clinical and engineering boundary parameters, we have investigated the theoretical feasibility of magnetic carriers releasing sufficient amounts of tPA to achieve focal clot lysis concentrations currently observed after systemic tPA infusion. We applied conservative assumptions to our proposed system, using tPA as either Activase (R), or in a concentrated form. Simulating common human stroke syndromes, our models employ tPA-loaded magnetic carriers concentrated at the origins of the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries to achieve the local free tPA concentrations of 1 to 4 mu g/mL typically obtained with current tPA therapy. We then applied our preliminary tPA encapsulation and release values, obtained from magnetic poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) carriers synthesized in our laboratories, to produce experimentally-supported simulations. Our results demonstrate that a single 100 mg intravenous injection of tPA-loaded magnetic carriers can readily exceed the local 4 mu g/mL tPA concentration necessary to achieve clot lysis. Furthermore, the injected total dosage of nanocrystalline iron oxide remains below the iron toxicity level for humans. Our data supports the concept that targeted, non-invasive thrombolysis using tPA-loaded magnetic carriers is a feasible treatment for stroke therapy. C1 [Xie, Yumei; Guy, Sandra G.; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Xie, Yumei] IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,Mc 2030, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Cancer Research Foundation; Brain Research Foundation of the University of Chicago FX This research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38, the Cancer Research Foundation and the Brain Research Foundation of the University of Chicago. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1550-7033 J9 J BIOMED NANOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1166/jbn.2005.055 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V85AU UT WOS:000205748000008 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Chen, SH Berti, D Baglioni, P Alatas, A Sinn, H Alp, E Said, A AF Liu, Y Chen, SH Berti, D Baglioni, P Alatas, A Sinn, H Alp, E Said, A TI Effects of counterion valency on the damping of phonons propagating along the axial direction of liquid-crystalline DNA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FREQUENCY RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; LIPID-BILAYERS; DYNAMICS; WATER; HYDRATION; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION AB The phonon propagation and damping along the axial direction of films of aligned 40 wt % calf-thymus DNA rods are studied by inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS). The IXS spectra are analyzed with the generalized three effective eigenmode theory, from which we extract the dynamic structure factor S(Q,E) as a function of transferred energy E=h omega, and the magnitude of the transferred wave vector Q. S(Q,E) of a DNA sample typically consists of three peaks, one central Rayleigh scattering peak, and two symmetric Stokes and anti-Stokes Brillouin side peaks. By analyzing the Brillouin peaks, the phonon excitation energy and damping can be extracted at different Q values from about 4 to 30 nm(-1). A high-frequency sound speed is obtained from the initial slope of the linear portion of the dispersion relation below Q=4 nm(-1). The high-frequency sound speed obtained in this Q range is 3100 m/s, which is about twice faster than the ultrasound speed of 1800 m/s, measured by Brillouin light scattering at Q similar to 0.01 nm(-1) at the similar hydration level. Our observations provide further evidence of the strong coupling between the internal dynamics of a DNA molecule and the dynamics of the solvent. The effect on damping and propagation of phonons along the axial direction of DNA rods due to divalent and trivalent counterions has been studied. It is found that the added multivalent counterions introduce stronger phonon damping. The phonons at the range between similar to 12.5 and similar to 22.5 nm(-1) are overdamped by the added counterions according to our model analyses. The intermediate scattering function is extracted and it shows a clear two-step relaxation with the fast relaxation time ranging from 0.1 to 4 ps. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Consorzio Interuniv Sviluppo Sistemi Grande Inter, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Berti, Debora/G-6525-2011; Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Berti, Debora/0000-0001-8967-560X; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 21 AR 214909 DI 10.1063/1.2128702 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 991PB UT WOS:000233824800045 PM 16356072 ER PT J AU Stephen, JM Ranken, DM Aine, CJ Weisend, MP Shih, JJ AF Stephen, JM Ranken, DM Aine, CJ Weisend, MP Shih, JJ TI Differentiability of simulated MEG hippocampal, medial temporal and neocortical temporal epileptic spike activity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Biomagnetism CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Boston, MA DE magnetoencephalography; temporal lobe epilepsy; hippocampus; simulations; multidipole modeling ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; LOBE EPILEPSY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WORKING-MEMORY; SHARP WAVES; HUMAN-BRAIN; EEG; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; POTENTIALS; MODEL AB Previous studies have shown that magnetoencephalography (MEG) can measure hippocampal activity, despite the cylindrical shape and deep location in the brain. The current study extended this work by examining the ability to differentiate the hippocampal subfields, parahippocampal cortex, and neocortical temporal sources using simulated interictal epileptic activity. A model of the hippocampus was generated on the MRIs of five subjects. CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were activated as well as entorhinal cortex, presubiculum, and neocortical temporal cortex. In addition, pairs of sources were activated sequentially to emulate various hypotheses of mesial temporal lobe seizure generation. The simulated MEG activity was added to real background brain activity from the five subjects and modeled using a multidipole spatiotemporal modeling technique. The waveforms and source locations/ orientations for hippocampal and parahippocampal sources were differentiable from neocortical temporal sources. In addition, hippocampal and parahippocampal sources were differentiated to varying degrees depending on source. The sequential activation of hippocampal and parahippocampal sources was adequately modeled by a single source; however, these sources were not resolvable when they overlapped in time. These results suggest that MEG has the sensitivity to distinguish parahippocampal and hippocampal spike generators in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. C1 Univ New Mexico 1, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico 1, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico 1, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Albuquerque, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Shih, JJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico 1, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, MSC10 5620, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jshih@salud.unm.edu OI Stephen, Julia/0000-0003-2486-747X FU NCRR NIH HHS [5P20 RR 15636] NR 85 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0736-0258 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 388 EP 401 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 998GF UT WOS:000234305900002 PM 16462195 ER PT J AU Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA Munro, NB AF Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA Munro, NB TI Enhancements in epilepsy forewarning via phase-space dissimilarity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamical systems; epileptic seizure forewarning; nonlinear analysis; phase-space dissimilarity measures; multichannel analysis ID SEIZURE PREDICTION; TIME-SERIES; DYNAMICAL CHANGE; EEG-ANALYSIS; SCALP EEG; CHAOS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS; DIMENSION AB The authors extend the recent application of phase-space dissimilarity measures for scalp EEG data in two directions. First, a forewarning window of up to 8 hours was used, thereby providing more forewarning time of the seizure event. This window was limited to a maximum of 1 hour in their previous work. Second, they combined information from two channels via a multichannel phase-space to improve the quality and confidence limits of the forewarning. Combining these two enhancements, they obtained two-channel results that were superior to the single-channel ones. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hively, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0736-0258 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 998GF UT WOS:000234305900003 PM 16462196 ER PT J AU Thom, RM Williams, G Borde, A Southard, J Sargeant, S Woodruff, D Laufle, JC Glasoe, S AF Thom, RM Williams, G Borde, A Southard, J Sargeant, S Woodruff, D Laufle, JC Glasoe, S TI Adaptively addressing uncertainty in estuarine and near coastal restoration projects SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; estuarine restoration; seagrass restoration; coastal ecosystem restoration ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; MANAGEMENT; OREGON; MODEL AB Restoration projects have an uncertain outcome because of a lack of information about current site conditions, historical disturbance levels, effects of landscape alterations on site development, unpredictable trajectories or patterns of ecosystem structural development, and many other factors. Because of these uncertainties, project costs can rise dramatically in an attempt to come closer to project goals. All of the potential sources of error can be addressed to a certain degree through adaptive management. The first step is admitting that these uncertainties can exist, and addressing as many of the uncertainties with planning and directed research prior to implementing the project. The second step is to evaluate uncertainties through hypothesis-driven experiments during project implementation. The third step is to use the monitoring program to evaluate and adjust the project as needed to improve the probability that the project will reach its goal. The fourth and final step is to use the information gained in the project to improve future projects. A framework that includes a clear goal statement, a conceptual model, and an evaluation framework can help in this adaptive restoration process. Projects and programs vary in their application of adaptive management in restoration, and it is very difficult to be highly prescriptive in applying adaptive management to projects that necessarily vary widely in scope, goal, ecosystem characteristics, and uncertainties. One project, which included directed research and site assessments, resulted in successful restoration of seagrasses near a ferry terminal in Puget Sound and illustrates how an adaptive management process can assist in improving the outcome of small projects. We recommended that all restoration programs be conducted in an adaptive management framework, and where appropriate, a more active adaptive management approach be applied. C1 Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Sect, Seattle Dist, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Puget Sound Act Team, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Thom, RM (reprint author), Battelle Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2005 SI 40 BP 94 EP 108 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 908LA UT WOS:000227787300008 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Im, HJ Rondinone, AJ Dai, S AF Brown, SS Im, HJ Rondinone, AJ Dai, S TI Facile, alternative synthesis of lanthanum phosphate nanocrystals by ultrasonication SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lanthanum phosphate; nanocrystals; nanorods; ultrasonication ID LIQUID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; ORTHOPHOSPHATE NANOWIRES; SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; NANOPARTICLES; NANORODS; CE; PARTICLES; COLLOIDS; POWDERS; NANOMATERIALS AB Highly luminescent, rhabdophane (Ce0.33La0.66)PO(4)(.)nH(2)O nanorods and nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solutions by ultrasonication, at pH 1 and pH 12, respectively. Both nanorods (5 to 9 nm wide and several tens to several hundreds run long) and nanoparticles (elongated, connected 5 nm particles) were as small and as uniform as products obtained from methods that utilize complexing agents or surfactants, only with no complexing agent. This method of synthesis by ultrasonication is a fast and simple method and it is expected to be applicable for the synthesis of other nanocrystalline lanthanide phosphates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 292 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 982QC UT WOS:000233175700017 PM 15961094 ER PT J AU Cea, M Seaman, JC Jara, AA Mora, ML Diez, MC AF Cea, M Seaman, JC Jara, AA Mora, ML Diez, MC TI Describing chlorophenol sorption on variable-charge soil using the triple-layer model SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE variable charge soil; chlorophenol; surface complexation modeling ID ALLOPHANIC COMPOUNDS; IRON-OXIDES; FULVIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; GOETHITE; EXCHANGE; PHENOL AB The sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol by a variable-charge soil from Southern Chile was studied in a series of batch experiments. The chlorophenol sorption behavior was evaluated as a function of pH (pH range 4-8) at two different ionic strengths, 0.0 1 and 0. 1 M KCl (25 degrees C). Chlorophenol sorption depended on pH and a downward shift in the soil PZC was observed with increasing chlorophenol concentration. Chlorophenol sorption decreased with increasing pH, suggesting that the undissociated species is sorbed more readily and that electrostatic repulsion may inhibit partitioning as pH increases. Data from the sorption experiments were fitted by the triple-layer model, in which monodentate outer- and inner-sphere complexes were formed between deprotonated organic molecules and active sites on the variable-charge soil. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Quim, Temuco, Chile. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ La Frontera, Dept Ingn Quim, Temuco, Chile. RP Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Quim, POB 54-D, Temuco, Chile. EM aljara@ufro.cl RI Cea, Mara/D-5002-2011 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 292 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.074 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 982QC UT WOS:000233175700023 PM 16055143 ER PT J AU Coombs, D Goldstein, B AF Coombs, D Goldstein, B TI T cell activation: Kinetic proofreading, serial engagement and cell adhesion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE T cell; cell signaling; mathematical model ID IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE FORMATION; RECEPTOR SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FC-EPSILON-RI; PATTERN-FORMATION; ANTAGONIST LIGANDS; PHASE-SEPARATION; DOWN-REGULATION; MHC LIGANDS; TCR; RECOGNITION AB There is a fundamental difference in complexity between signaling initiated by ligands on the surface of one cell binding to receptors on the surface of another cell and ligands in solution binding to these receptors. The fact that two cells must approach each other and form a number of intercellular bonds of different types, all within the restricted geometry of the intercellular contact region, introduces the possibility of complex spatio-temporal dynamics of surface receptors that is not present otherwise. Mathematical modelling of these dynamics is in its early stages. However, useful tools have emerged. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of these mathematical tools, indicating their strengths and shortcomings, and suggest some directions for future theoretical studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coombs, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, 1984 Math Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM coombs@math.ubc.ca OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 NR 76 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2004.07.035 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 959UH UT WOS:000231544300007 ER PT J AU De Boer, RJ Perelson, AS AF De Boer, RJ Perelson, AS TI Estimating division and death rates from CFSE data SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE CFSE; cell kinetics; immunology; cell division; proliferation; Smith-Martin model ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; NAIVE; DIFFERENTIATION; STIMULATION; CALCULUS; CYCLE AB The division tracking dye, carboxyfluorescin diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is currently the most informative labeling technique for characterizing the division history of cells in the immune system. Gett and Hodgkin (Nat. Immunol. 1 (2000) 239-244) have proposed to normalize USE data by the 2-fold expansion that is associated with each division, and have argued that the mean of the normalized data increases linearly with time, t, with a slope reflecting the division rate p. We develop a number of mathematical models for the clonal expansion of quiescent cells after stimulation and show, within the context of these models, under which conditions this approach is valid. We compare three means of the distribution of cells over the USE profile at time t: the mean, mu(t), the mean of the normalized distribution, mu(2) (t), and the mean of the normalized distribution excluding nondivided cells, (mu(2)) over cap (t). In the simplest models, which deal with homogeneous populations of cells with constant division and death rates, the normalized frequency distribution of the cells over the respective division numbers is a Poisson distribution with mean mu(2) (t) = pt, where p is the division rate. The fact that in the data these distributions seem Gaussian is therefore insufficient to establish that the times at which cells are recruited into the first division have a Gaussian variation because the Poisson distribution approaches the Gaussian distribution for large pt. Excluding nondivided cells complicates the data analysis because (mu(2)) over cap (t) not equal pt, and only approaches a slope p after an initial transient. In models where the first division of the quiescent cells takes longer than later divisions, all three means have an initial transient before they approach an asymptotic regime, which is the expected mu(t) = 2pt and mu 2 (t) = (mu(2)) over cap (t) = pt. Such a transient markedly complicates the data analysis. After the same initial transients, the normalized cell numbers tend to decrease at a rate e(-dt), where d is the death rate. Nonlinear parameter fitting of CFSE data obtained from Gett and Hodgkin to ordinary differential equation (ODE) models with first-order terms for cell proliferation and death gave poor fits to the data. The Smith-Martin model with an explicit time delay for the deterministic phase of the cell cycle performed much better. Nevertheless, the insights gained from analysis of the ODEs proved useful as we showed by generating virtual USE data with a simulation model, where cell cycle times were drawn from various distributions, and then computing the various mean division numbers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP De Boer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. EM R.J.DeBoer@bio.uu.nl RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011 OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 140 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2004.08.020 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 959UH UT WOS:000231544300008 ER PT J AU Benzley, SE Harris, NJ Scott, M Borden, M Owen, SJ AF Benzley, SE Harris, NJ Scott, M Borden, M Owen, SJ TI Conformal refinement and coarsening of unstructured hexahedral meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIVITY-BASED METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT MESHES; GENERATION AB This paper describes recently developed procedures for local conformal refinement and coarsening of all-hexahedral unstructured meshes. Both refinement and coarsening procedures take advantage of properties found in the dual or "twist planes" of the mesh. A twist plane manifests itself as a conformal layer or sheet of hex elements within the global mesh. We suggest coarsening techniques that will identify and remove sheets to satisfy local mesh density criteria while not seriously degrading element quality after deletion. A two-dimensional local coarsening algorithm is introduced. We also explain local hexahedral refinement procedures that involve both the placement of new sheets, either between existing hex layers or within an individual layer. Hex elements earmarked for refinement may be defined to be as small as a single node or as large as a major group of existing elements. Combining both refinement and coarsening techniques allows for significant control over the density and quality of the resulting modified mesh. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Benzley, SE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM seb@byu.edu; njh33@byu.edu; mas88@byu.edu; mborden@sandia.gov; sjowen@sandia.gov RI Borden, Michael/I-3185-2012; Borden, Michael/R-8602-2016 OI Borden, Michael/0000-0001-6633-4925; Borden, Michael/0000-0001-6633-4925 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1115/1.2052848 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 989VI UT WOS:000233701600009 ER PT J AU McKelvie, JR Lindstrom, JE Beller, HR Richmond, SA Lollar, BS AF McKelvie, JR Lindstrom, JE Beller, HR Richmond, SA Lollar, BS TI Analysis of anaerobic BTX biodegradation in a subarctic aquifer using isotopes and benzylsuccinates SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE toluene biodegradation; subarctic; compound specific isotope analysis; metabolic intermediates; benzene; xylene ID IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; NITRATE REDUCTION; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; HYDROGEN AB In situ biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and xylenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated aquifer near Fairbanks, Alaska was assessed using carbon and hydrogen compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of benzene and toluene and analysis of signature metabolites for toluene (benzylsuccinate) and xylenes (methylbenzylsuccinates). Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of benzene were between -25.9 parts per thousand and -26.8 parts per thousand for delta(13)C and -119 parts per thousand and -136 parts per thousand for delta(2)H, suggesting that biodegradation of benzene is unlikely at this site. However, biodegradation of both xylenes and toluene were documented in this subarctic aquifer. Biodegradation of xylenes was indicated by the presence of methylbenzylsuccinates with concentrations of 17-50 mu g/L in three wells. Anaerobic toluene biodegradation was also indicated by benzylsuccinate concentrations of 10-49 mu g/L in the three wells with the highest toluene concentrations (1500-5000 mu g/L toluene). Since benzylsuccinate typically accounts for a very small fraction of the toluene present in groundwater (generally <1 mol%), the signature metabolite approach works best at higher toluene concentrations when it is not constrained by detection limits. In wells with lower toluene concentrations (410-640 mu g/L), carbon and hydrogen isotopic values were enriched by up to -2 parts per thousand for delta(13)C and -70 parts per thousand for delta(2)H. This evidence of isotopic fractionation verifies the effects of biodegradation in these low concentration wells where metabolites may already be below detection limits. The combined use of signature metabolite and CSIA data is particularly valuable given the challenge of verifying biodegradation in subarctic environments where degradation rates are typically much slower than in temperate environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Stable Isotope Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Shannon & Wilson Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Contaminated Sites Program, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Lollar, BS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Stable Isotope Lab, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM bslollar@chem.utoronto.ca RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.08.002 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 993HR UT WOS:000233945700008 PM 16246458 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, NN Kveder, VV Borisenko, EB Borisenko, DN Gnesin, BA James, RB AF Kolesnikov, NN Kveder, VV Borisenko, EB Borisenko, DN Gnesin, BA James, RB TI Structure and properties of CdTe ceramics produced through nanopowder compaction SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; recrystallization; x-ray diffraction; nanomaterials; semiconductor II-VI materials; infrared devices ID GROWTH; CDSE AB Bulk specimens of highly dense CdTe ceramics were fabricated through compaction of vapor-deposited nanopowder. The microstructure, texture and other physical properties of the compacted CdTe were studied. The specimens were found to consist of grains of a certain crystallographic orientation. A two-component texture composed of < 2 2 0 > axial and {0 0 1} < h k 0 > components was observed. The experimental results give evidence that dynamic recrystallization occurs under compressive stress in the temperature range from 20 to 200 degrees C. The ceramic specimens show extremely high-specific electrical resistivity on the order of 10(10) Omega cm. Their mechanical hardness is 1450 MPa, which is more that three times higher than the corresponding value of melt-grown CdTe. The compacted CdTe has rather high transmission in the wavelength range of 6-25 mu m. These properties make this material interesting for the fabrication of infrared optical elements and for potential use as ionizing-radiation detectors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Borisenko, EB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Moscow Distr, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. EM borisenk@issp.ac.ru NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 285 IS 3 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.08.027 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 985OZ UT WOS:000233389000007 ER PT J AU Grimm, RE Olhoeft, GR McKinley, K Rossabi, J Riha, B AF Grimm, RE Olhoeft, GR McKinley, K Rossabi, J Riha, B TI Nonlinear complex-resistivity survey for DNAPL at the Savannah River site A-014 outfall SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POLARIZATION; SANDS AB Nonlinear complex-resistivity (NLCR) cross-hole imaging of the vadose zone was performed at the A-014 Outfall at the Savannah River Site. Aiken. SC. The put-pose of this experiment was to field-test the ability of this method to detect dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), specifically tetrachloroethene (PCE), known to contaminate the area. Five vertical electrode arrays (VEAs) were installed with similar to 15-ft (3 m) separations in and around the suspected source zone to depths of 72 ft (22 m), and measurements were carried out at seven nearest-neighbor panels. Amplitude and phase data were edited for quality and then inverted to form three-dimensional (3D) images. The comparatively small magnitude of the nonlinear resistivity Hilbert distortion allowed approximate linearized imaging of the 3D distribution of this quantity as well. Laboratory analysis of nearby soil contaminated in situ indicated that the NLCR response to the PCE-clay reaction is maximized near 50 mHz, leading to the development of a metric involving the phase and resistivity Hilbert distortion to infer the 3D distribution of PCE. Variations in PCE content were independently detailed at three drilling locations within the NLCR survey area using direct penetration-based soil-collection tools. Approximately 400 soil samples were collected and analyzed for chlorinated solvent mass composition at 1-ft (0.3-m) vertical intervals to compare with the NLCR-predicted distribution of DNAPL. The optimum performance for 1,000 mg/kg PCE was similar to 80% detection (true positives) with similar to 30% false alarms (false positives) at an effective resolution of 4 ft (1.2 m), or similar to 1/4 of the interwell separation. When smoothed to 12-ft (3.7 in) resolution (comparable to well spacing), detection was 100% with just 12% false alarms. NLCR successfully predicted the general distribution of PCE at parts-per-thousand soil-mass fractions, specifically widespread near-surface contamination and a zone of discontinuous stringers and pods below the Source. C1 Blackhawk GeoServ Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Grimm, RE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. OI Grimm, Robert/0000-0002-7588-1194 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.2113/JEEG10.4.351 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 998YW UT WOS:000234356800002 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D AF Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D TI Characteristics and contributions of the three major United States toroidal magnetic fusion facilities SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion facilities AB This is Volume 1 of the report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) and submitted in July 2005. The panel was charged to answer the following questions: What are the unique and complementary characteristics of each of the major U.S. fusion facilities? How do the characteristics of each of the three U.S. fusion facilities make the U.S. toroidal research program unique as a whole in the international program? How well do we cooperate with the international community in coordinating research on our major facilities and how have we exploited the special features of U.S. facilities in contributing to international fusion research, in general, and to the ITER design specifically? How do these three facilities contribute to fusion science and the vitality of the U.S. Fusion program? What research opportunities would be lost by shutting down one of the major facilities? C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Dahlburg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Dahl-burg@utopia.nrl.navy.mil RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-8543-y PG 47 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 998UL UT WOS:000234345300001 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D AF Dahlburg, J Allen, SL Betti, R Knowlton, S Maingi, R Navratil, GA Sabbagh, SA Sheffield, J Van Dam, JW Whyte, D TI Requested information provided by the three major United States toroidal magnetic fusion facilities: Report of the 2005 FESAC facilities panel, vol. 2 SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion facilities AB This is Volume 2 of a report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) charged to. review the three major U.S. fusion facilities. The Panel requested input from each of the three major U.S. toroidal magnetic fusion facilities. The request included an invitation to each facility program director to provide a document that addressed in detail the panel charge. This paper consists of the three documents that were received in response to that request. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Dahlburg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jill.Dahlburg@NRL.NAVY.MIL RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-8544-x PG 82 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 998UL UT WOS:000234345300002 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Talent, LG AF Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Talent, LG TI Effects of body mass, feeding, and circadian cycles on metabolism in the Lizard Sceloporus occidentalis SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DYNAMIC ACTION; FORAGING MODE; RATTLESNAKE; RESPONSES; STANDARD; WATER; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; FASCIATA AB We examined aspects of pre- and postprandial metabolism in the diurnally active Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, by measuring rates of oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) and carbon dioxide production (Vco(2)) at 30 degrees C. Sceloporus occidentalis exhibited strong circadian variation in metabolism that continued throughout digestion, with diurnal peaks in metabolism up to four times as high as nocturnal minimum values (standard metabolic rate, SMR). Metabolism increased with increasing body size (mass range = 3.65-19.02 g), with mass exponents ranging from 0.61-0.82. Metabolism of lizards fed meals equivalent to 1.4, 2.9, and 3.9% of their body mass was elevated above fasting metabolism, although significant differences in metabolism were not detected among the three meal sizes. Maximum metabolism during digestion was from 1.2-1.3 times that of maximum fasting metabolism, a value similar to that of other small, frequently feeding lizards. Specific dynamic action (SDA) ranged from 2.38-22.02 mL O-2 and 1.54-14.54 mL CO2, or 0.05-0.44 kJ, which is equivalent to 9.4-17.0% of the ingested energy. Mean respiratory quotients (RQ) ranged from 0.65-0.68, indicating lipids were the primary energy substrate used during both fasting and digestion. C1 Univ Canberra, Appl Ecol Res Grp, Australian Capitol Terr, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Roe, JH (reprint author), Univ Canberra, Appl Ecol Res Grp, Australian Capitol Terr, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM roe@aerg.canberra.edu.au; hopkins@srel.edu; talentl@okstate.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1670/75-05A.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 001ZH UT WOS:000234580700009 ER PT J AU Rothermel, BB Luhring, TM AF Rothermel, BB Luhring, TM TI Burrow availability and desiccation risk of Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) in harvested versus unharvested forest stands SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; ENSATINA-ESCHSCHOLTZII; WATER ECONOMY; CLEAR-CUT; TEMPERATURE; MACULATUM; HABITATS; DEHYDRATION; AMPHIBIANS AB Clearcutting and other forest management practices that remove canopy and disturb ground cover may exacerbate the risk of desiccation, particularly for newly metamorphosed amphibians. We examined dehydration rates of juvenile Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) in relation to burrow availability in four experimental forest management treatments. juvenile salamanders (N = 41) were confined to small enclosures in four treatments representing a range of habitat disturbance: clearcut with coarse woody debris (CWD) removed; clearcut with CWD retained; thinning; and an unharvested control of second-growth, mature loblolly pine. Half of the salamanders in each habitat treatment were provided with artificial burrows. Water loss over 72 h was significantly higher in the clearcut with CWD retained than in the other three treatments. Most water loss occurred during the first two nights, when salamanders may have been most active. Only 40% of salamanders without burrows survived in the clearcuts, versus 90% in the thinned stand and 100% in the control. Ninety percent of the salamanders with access to a burrow survived in the clearcuts versus 100% in the thinning and control. We found no correlation between soil moisture and water loss and attribute higher desiccation rates in the clearcuts to high temperatures (> 44 degrees C). Although habitat changes resulting from thinning did not lead to increased desiccation, complete canopy removal greatly increased risk of mortality caused by desiccation. Our results also demonstrate that this risk is strongly mediated by the availability of burrows. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rothermel, BB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM rothermel@srel.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012; Rothermel, Betsie/L-6774-2013 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862; NR 29 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1670/251-04A.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 001ZH UT WOS:000234580700012 ER PT J AU Baer, H Krupovnickas, T Mustafayev, A Park, EK Profumo, S Tata, X AF Baer, H Krupovnickas, T Mustafayev, A Park, EK Profumo, S Tata, X TI Exploring the BWCA (Bino-Wino co-annihilation) scenario for neutralino dark matter SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry phenomenology; hadronic colliders; supersymmetric standard model ID LIGHTEST SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLE; NONUNIVERSAL HIGGS MASSES; LINEAR E(+)E(-) COLLIDERS; LARGE TAN-BETA; MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY; GRAND-UNIFICATION; PARAMETER SPACE; STANDARD MODEL; PPBAR COLLIDER; GAUGINO MASSES AB In supersymmetric models with non-universal gaugino masses, it is possible to have opposite-sign SU(2) and U(1) gaugino mass terms. In these models, the gaugino eigenstates experience little mixing so that the lightest SUSY particle remains either pure bino or pure wino. The neutralino relic density can only be brought into accord with the WMAP measured value when bino-wino co-annihilation (BWCA) acts to enhance the dark matter annihilation rate. We map out parameter space regions and mass spectra which are characteristic of the BWCA scenario. Direct and indirect dark matter detection rates are shown to be typically very low. At collider experiments, the BWCA scenario is typified by a small mass gap m((Z) over tilde2) - m((Z) over tilde1) similar to 20 - 80GeV, so that tree level two body decays of (Z) over tilde2 are not allowed. However, in this case the second lightest neutralino has an enhanced loop decay branching fraction to photons. While the photonic neutralino decay signature looks difficult to extract at the Fermilab Tevatron, it should lead to distinctive events at the CERN LHC and at a linear e(+)e(-) collider. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baer, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM baer@hep.fsu.edu; tadas@quark.phy.bnl.gov; mazar@hep.fsu.edu; epark@hep.fsu.edu; profumo@caltech.edu; tata@phys.hawaii.edu RI Mustafayev, Azar/J-7822-2012 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 IS 12 PG 51 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 998XR UT WOS:000234353700034 ER PT J AU Eichinger, WE Holder, HE Cooper, DI Hipps, LE Knight, R Kustas, WP Nichols, J Prueger, JH AF Eichinger, WE Holder, HE Cooper, DI Hipps, LE Knight, R Kustas, WP Nichols, J Prueger, JH TI Lidar measurement of boundary layer evolution to determine sensible heat fluxes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SURFACE FLUXES; DAYTIME MIXED-LAYER; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; BUDGET ANALYSIS; APPLIED-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-VAPOR; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; DEPTH AB The Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) was conducted in the Walnut Creek watershed near Ames, Iowa, over the period from 15 June to 11 July 2002. A main focus of SMACEX is the investigation of the interactions between the atmospheric boundary layer, surface moisture, and canopy. A vertically staring elastic lidar was used to provide a high-time-resolution continuous record of the boundary layer height at the edge between a soybean and cornfield. The height and thickness of the entrainment zone are used to estimate the surface sensible heat flux using the Batchvarova-Gryning boundary layer model. Flux estimates made over 6 days are compared to conventional eddy correlation measurements. The calculated values of the sensible heat flux were found to be well correlated (R-2 = 0.79, with a slope of 0.95) when compared to eddy correlation measurements in the area. The standard error of the flux estimates was 21.4 W m(-2) (31% rms difference between this method and surface measurements), which is somewhat higher than a predicted uncertainty of 16%. The major sources of error were from the estimates of the vertical potential temperature gradient and an assumption that the entrainment parameter A was equal to the ratio of the entrainment flux and the surface heat flux. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT USA. Dept Agr Hydrol, Beltsville, MD USA. Romote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Dept Agr, Ames, IA USA. RP Eichinger, WE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-eichinger@uiowa.edu OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 840 EP 853 DI 10.1175/JHM461.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600006 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP Hipps, LE MacPherson, JI Neale, CMU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Parkin, TB AF Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP Hipps, LE MacPherson, JI Neale, CMU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Parkin, TB TI Tower and aircraft eddy covariance measurements of water vapor, energy, and carbon dioxide fluxes during SMACEX SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A network of eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological flux (METFLUX) stations over corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max ( L.) Merr.] canopies was established as part of the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment ( SMACEX) in central Iowa during the summer of 2002 to measure fluxes of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide (CO2) during the growing season. Additionally, EC measurements of water vapor and CO2 fluxes from an aircraft platform complemented the tower-based measurements. Sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 fluxes showed the greatest spatial and temporal variability during the early crop growth stage. Differences in all of the energy balance components were detectable between corn and soybean as well as within similar crops throughout the study period. Tower network averaged fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 were observed to be in good agreement with area-averaged aircraft flux measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT USA. NRC Inst Aerosp Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prueger@nstl.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 954 EP 960 DI 10.1175/JHM457.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600014 ER PT J AU Koning, J Rieben, RN Rodrigue, GH AF Koning, J Rieben, RN Rodrigue, GH TI Vector finite-element modeling of the full-wave Maxwell equations to evaluate power loss in bent optical fibers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENDING LOSS; CURVATURE; GUIDES; MODES AB The loss of power incurred by the bending of step-indexed optical fibers is measured is calculated in this paper using vector finite-element modeling of the full-wave Maxwell equations in the optical regime. It is demonstrated that fewer grid elements can be used to model light transmission in longer fiber lengths by using high-order basis functions in conjunction with a high-order energy-conserving time-integration method. The power in the core is measured at several points to determine the percentage loss. The effect of bending on light polarization is also demonstrated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koning, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM koning1@llnl.gov; rieben1@llnl.gov; ghrodrigue@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 12 BP 4147 EP 4154 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.853124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 999UW UT WOS:000234417100020 ER PT J AU Myers, WR Mossle, M Clarke, J AF Myers, WR Mossle, M Clarke, J TI Correction of concomitant gradient artifacts in experimental microtesla MRI SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; low field; concomitant gradient; phase correction; field cycling ID LOW-FIELD MRI; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HYPERPOLARIZED HE-3; IMAGE ARTIFACTS; NOBLE-GASES; LUNG; NMR; RELAXATION; MT AB Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suffers from artifacts caused by concomitant gradients when the product of the magnetic field gradient and the dimension of the sample becomes comparable to the static magnetic field. To investigate and correct for these artifacts at very low magnetic fields, we have acquired MR images of a 165-mm phantom in a 66-mu T field using gradients up to 350 mu T/m. We prepolarize the protons in a field of about 100 mT, apply a spin-echo pulse sequence, and detect the precessing spins using a superconducting gradiometer coupled to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Distortion and blurring are readily apparent at the edges of the images; by comparing the experimental images to computer simulations, we show that concomitant gradients cause these artifacts. We develop a non-perturbative, post-acquisition phase correction algorithm that eliminates the effects of concomitant gradients in both the simulated and the experimental images. This algorithm assumes that the switching time of the phase-encoding gradient is long compared to the spin precession period. In a second technique, we demonstrate that raising the precession field during phase encoding can also eliminate blurring caused by concomitant phase-encoding gradients; this technique enables one to correct concomitant gradient artifacts even when the detector has a restricted bandwidth that sets an upper limit on the precession frequency. In particular, the combination of phase correction and precession field cycling should allow one to add MRI capabilities to existing 300-channel SQUID systems used to detect neuronal currents in the brain because frequency encoding could be performed within the 1-2 kHz bandwidth of the readout system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myers, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wmyers@berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 177 IS 2 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.08.003 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 993RU UT WOS:000233973400011 PM 16169266 ER PT J AU Dillon, AC Ginley, DS Habib, A Jhaveri, SD McGhee, MD AF Dillon, AC Ginley, DS Habib, A Jhaveri, SD McGhee, MD TI Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3165 EP 3166 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0428 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 988VG UT WOS:000233628600001 ER PT J AU Gledhill, SE Scott, B Gregg, BA AF Gledhill, SE Scott, B Gregg, BA TI Organic and nano-structured composite photovoltaics: An overview SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE FILMS; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES; CHARGE RECOMBINATION KINETICS; SOLID-STATE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; NANOPOROUS TIO2; MASK-FREE; EFFICIENCY AB Organic photovoltaic devices are poised to fill the low-cost, low power niche in the solar cell market. Recently measured efficiencies of solid-state organic cells are nudging 5% while Gratzel's more established dye-sensitized solar cell technology is more than double this. A fundamental understanding of the excitonic nature of organic materials is an essential backbone for device engineering. Bound electron-hole pairs, "excitons," are formed in organic semiconductors on photo-absorption. In the organic solar cell, the exciton must diffuse to the donor-accepter interface for simultaneous charge generation and separation. This interface is critical as the concentration of charge carriers is high and recombination here is higher than in the bulk. Nanostructured engineering of the interface has been utilized to maximize organic materials properties, namely to compensate the poor exciton diffusion lengths and lower mobilities. Excitonic solar cells have different limitations on their open-circuit photo-voltages due to these high interfacial charge carrier concentrations, and their behavior cannot be interpreted as if they were conventional solar cells. This article briefly reviews some of the differences between excitonic organic solar cells and conventional inorganic solar cells and highlights some of the technical strategies used in this rapidly progressing field, whose ultimate aim is for organic solar cells to be a commercial reality. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gledhill, SE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sophie_gledhill@nrel.go RI Gledhill, Sophie/J-8097-2013 OI Gledhill, Sophie/0000-0003-3907-8801 NR 114 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 129 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3167 EP 3179 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0407 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 988VG UT WOS:000233628600002 ER PT J AU Ohi, J AF Ohi, J TI Hydrogen energy cycle: An overview SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review AB This overview will describe briefly key segments of the hydrogen energy cycle from production using various feedstocks to its end use in fuel cells to generate electrical and thermal energy. The paper will also discuss the larger societal context, the so-called "hydrogen economy," in which such production and use of hydrogen may take place. Although most of the public attention on hydrogen has been focused on its potential as an alternative energy source to petroleum and other fossil fuels, a hydrogen economy will encompass much more than a substitution of one energy source by another. Widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier can transform our society in much the same way that personal computing technologies have. This transforming power arises from the unique capability of hydrogen to link renewable energy resources and zero-emission energy conversion technologies. Hydrogen can be produced from locally available renewable resources, such as solar, wind, biomass, and water, and converted to electricity or fuel at or near the point of use with only heat and water vapor as "emissions." Hydrogen also lies at the confluence of two emerging trends that will shape our energy future during the first quarter of this century: greater reliance on renewable energy sources and the shift from large, centralized power plants to smaller, decentralized facilities located at or near the point of use. This paper describes these emerging trends and the role of hydrogen in linking them in a way that could transform our society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ohi, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jim_ohi@nrel.gov NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3180 EP 3187 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0408 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 988VG UT WOS:000233628600003 ER PT J AU Hanni, JB Pressly, E Crum, JV Minister, KBC Tran, D Hrma, P Vienna, JD AF Hanni, JB Pressly, E Crum, JV Minister, KBC Tran, D Hrma, P Vienna, JD TI Liquidus temperature measurements for modeling oxide glass systems relevant to nuclear waste vitrification SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VOLUME AB Liquidus temperatures (T-L) were measured, and primary phases were determined for 50 (from an initial test matrix of 76) compositions within the Al2O3-B2O3-CaO-Na2O-SiO2 glass-forming system and its constituent ternary subsystems. Strong linear correlations have been found between composition and T-L for melts within the same primary phase fields. The T-L and primary phase data are being used to develop and refine a modified associate species model (ASM). The impacts of Fe2O3, Li2O, NiO, ZrO2, Cr2O3, ZnO, and MnO additions on the T-L of two baseline glass compositions are reported. These data are intended as benchmarks for further expansion of the ASM or other silicate melt solution models of nuclear waste glasses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Vienna, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM john.vienna@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 3346 EP 3357 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0424 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 988VG UT WOS:000233628600022 ER PT J AU Larson, TE Sharp, ZD AF Larson, TE Sharp, ZD TI Interpreting prograde-growth histories of Al2SiO5 triple-point rocks using oxygen-isotope thermometry: an example from the Truchas Mountains, USA SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Al2SiO5 polymorph; metamorphic reaction history; oxygen-isotope thermometry; Proterozoic metamorphism ID NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; MICA CREEK AREA; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; SILICATE MINERALS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIFFUSION RATES; SILLIMANITE; ANDALUSITE; QUARTZ; EQUILIBRIUM AB Oxygen-isotope compositions of kyanite, andalusite, prismatic sillimanite and fibrolite from the Proterozoic terrane in the Truchas Mountains, New Mexico differ from one another, suggesting that these minerals did not grow in equilibrium at the Al2SiO5 (AS) polymorph-invariant point as previously suggested. Instead, oxygen-isotope temperature estimates indicate that growth of kyanite, andalusite and prismatic sillimanite occurred at c. 575, 615 and 640 degrees C respectively. Temperature estimates reported in this paper are interpreted as those of growth for the different AS polymorphs, which are not necessarily the same as peak metamorphic temperatures for this terrane. Two distinct temperature estimates of c. 580 degrees C and c. 700 degrees C are calculated for most fibrolite samples, with two samples yielding clear evidence of quartz-fibrolite oxygen-isotope disequilibrium. These data indicate that locally, and potentially regionally, oxygen-isotope disequilibrium between quartz and fibrolite may have resulted from rapid fibrolite nucleation. Pressures of mineral growth that were extrapolated from oxygen-isotope thermometry results and calculated using petrological constraints suggest that kyanite and one generation of fibrolite grew during M1 at 5 kbar, and that andalusite, prismatic sillimanite and a second generation of fibrolite grew during M2 at 3.5 kbar. M1 and M2 therefore represent two distinct metamorphic events that occurred at different crustal levels. The ability of the AS polymorphs to retain delta(18)O values of crystallization make these minerals ideal to model prograde-growth histories of mineral assemblages in metamorphic terranes and to understand more clearly the pressure-temperature histories of multiple metamorphic events. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Larson, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tlarson@lanl.gov OI Larson, Toti/0000-0002-2291-5979 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 9 BP 847 EP 863 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00613.x PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA 987PM UT WOS:000233529800004 ER PT J AU Wilcox, DL Howell, LL AF Wilcox, DL Howell, LL TI Fully compliant tensural bistable micromechanisms (FTBM) SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bistable mechanisms; compliant mechanisms; on-chip actuation ID THERMAL ACTUATORS; MECHANISM; BEAM; BEHAVIOR; SILICON; DESIGN AB A new class of bistable mechanisms, the fully compliant tensural bistable micromechanism (FTBM) class, is introduced. The class consists of linear bistable micromechanisms that undergo tension loads, in addition to the bending loads present, through their range of motion. Proof-of-concept designs fabricated in two different microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) surface micromachining processes were demonstrated. Three sets of refined designs within the FTBM class were designed using optimization methods linked with nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA), then fabricated and tested. Measured force and displacement performance are compared to values obtained by FEA. On-chip actuation of the bistable mechanisms was achieved using thermomechanical in-plane microactuators (TIMs). The FTBM class of bistable mechanisms explores a relatively new design space for fully compliant micromechanisms, and mechanisms from this class have promise in such applications as micro shutter positioning, microvalves, and electrical microrelays. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Compliant Mech Res Grp, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wilcox, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilcox@sandia.gov; lhowell@byu.edu RI Howell, Larry/A-6828-2008 OI Howell, Larry/0000-0001-8132-8822 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1235 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.859089 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 993KM UT WOS:000233953000002 ER PT J AU Rowland, HD Sun, AC Schunk, PR King, WP AF Rowland, HD Sun, AC Schunk, PR King, WP TI Impact of polymer film thickness and cavity size on polymer flow during embossing: toward process design rules for nanoimprint lithography SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION AB This paper presents continuum simulations of polymer flow during nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The simulations capture the underlying physics of polymer flow from the nanometer to millimeter length scale and examine geometry and thermophysical process quantities affecting cavity filling. Variations in embossing tool geometry and polymer film thickness during viscous flow distinguish different flow driving mechanisms. Three parameters can predict polymer deformation mode: cavity width to polymer thickness ratio, polymer supply ratio and capillary number. The ratio of cavity width to initial polymer film thickness determines vertically or laterally dominant deformation. The ratio of indenter width to residual film thickness measures polymer supply beneath the indenter which determines Stokes or squeeze flow. The local geometry ratios can predict a fill time based on laminar flow between plates, Stokes flow, or squeeze flow. A characteristic NIL capillary number based on geometry-dependent fill time distinguishes between capillary- or viscous-driven flows. The three parameters predict filling modes observed in published studies of NIL deformation over nanometer to millimeter length scales. The work seeks to establish process design rules for NIL and to provide tools for the rational design of NIL master templates, resist polymers and process parameters. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphase Transport Proc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP King, WP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM William.king@me.gatech.edu RI Rowland, Harry/B-7070-2008 NR 24 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 44 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2414 EP 2425 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/15/12/025 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 997ZZ UT WOS:000234288900025 ER PT J AU Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T AF Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T TI Optical nanobiosensor for monitoring an apoptotic signaling process in a single living cell following photodynamic therapy SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE optical nanobiosensor; single cell analysis; apoptosis ID IMMOBILIZED ANTIBODIES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; PEBBLE SENSORS; NANOSENSORS AB Optical nanobiosensors have enabled bioanalytical measurements to be undertaken within volumes as small as that of single biological cells. In this work, we use nanobiosensors to monitor a molecular signaling process, i.e., caspase-7 activation, following photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). PDT induces the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis which triggers cytochrome c release, activation of caspases-9, -8 and -7 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) protein. Caspase-7 is an important apoptosis-related cysteine protease involved in the activation cascade of caspases and in the proteolytic cleavage of Parp protein. Caspase-7 was detected and identified intracellularly using optical nanobiosensors. Our results show the detection of caspase-7 in single living MCF-cells which in essence typifies the apoptotic event induced by a PDT drug. This work, in principle, demonstrates the minimally invasive capability of optical nanobiosensors to measure important signaling molecules and events in pathways at the single cell level. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2057 EP 2062 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.426 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 992WK UT WOS:000233914500013 PM 16430140 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, MP Chambers, JA Taylor, J Korber, BT Lee, MD Nalca, A Dang, KS Pankhong, P Attatippaholkun, W Weiner, DB AF Ramanathan, MP Chambers, JA Taylor, J Korber, BT Lee, MD Nalca, A Dang, KS Pankhong, P Attatippaholkun, W Weiner, DB TI Expression and evolutionary analysis of West Nile virus (Merion Strain) SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE phylogenetic analysis; Merion strain; West Nile virus; WNV antigens; WNV pathogenesis ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; ORGAN-TRANSPLANTATION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NS2B-NS3 PROTEASE; VIRAL REPLICATION; MIDDLE-EAST; IN-VITRO AB The authors report a new strain of West Nile virus (WNV) with the expression analysis of its individual open reading frames. Since its sudden appearance in the summer of 1999 in New York City, the virus has spread rapidly across the continental United States into Canada and Mexico. Besides, its rapid transmission by various vectors, the spread of this virus through organ transplantation, blood transfusion, and mother-child transmission through breast milk is of concern. In order to understand molecular variations of WNV in North America and to generate new tools for understanding WNV biology, a complete clone of WNV has been constructed. Investigations so far have focused only on half of its genes products and a detailed molecular and cell biological aspects on all of WNV gene have yet to be clearly established. The open reading frames of WNV were recovered through an reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-PCR using brain tissue from a dead crow collected in Merion, PA, and cloned into a mammalian expression vector. The deduced amino acid sequences of individual open reading frames were analyzed to determine various structural motifs and functional domains. Expression analysis shows that in neuronal cells, C, NS1, and NS5 proteins are nuclear localized whereas the rest of the antigens are confined to the cytoplasm when they are expressed in the absence of other viral antigens. This is the first report that provides an expression analysis as well as intracellular distribution pattern for all of WNV gene products, cloned from an infected bird. Evolutionary analysis of Merion strain sequences indicates that this strain is distinct phylogenetically from the previously reported WNV strains. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Edinburgh EH9JT, Midlothian, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. So Res Inst, Homeland Secur & Infect Dis Res Div, Frederick, MD USA. Mahidol Univ Bangkok, Fac Med Technol, Dept Clin Chem, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Weiner, DB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 422 Curie Blvd,505 Stellar Chance Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dbweiner@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Weiner, David/H-8579-2014; OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 544 EP 556 DI 10.1080/13550280500385229 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 992AI UT WOS:000233855800006 PM 16338748 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Grant, DM Schildbach, MA Smith, RA Siekhaus, WJ Balazs, B Leckey, JH Kirkpatrick, JR McLean, W AF Dinh, LN Grant, DM Schildbach, MA Smith, RA Siekhaus, WJ Balazs, B Leckey, JH Kirkpatrick, JR McLean, W TI Kinetic measurement and prediction of the hydrogen outgassing from the polycrystalline LiH/Li2O/LiOH system SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION AB Due to the exothermic reaction of lithium hydride (LiH) salt with water during transportation and handling, there is always a thin film of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) present on the LiH surface. In dry or vacuum storage, this thin LiOH film slowly decomposes. The technique of temperature-programmed reaction/decomposition (TPR) was employed in combination with the isoconversion method of thermal analysis to determine the outgassing kinetics of H2O from pure LiOH and H-2 and H2O from this thin LiOH film. H-2 production via the reaction of LiH with LiOH, forming a lithium oxide (Li2O) interlayer, is thermodynamically favored, with the rate of further reaction limited by diffusion through the Li2O and the stability of the decomposing LiOH. Lithium hydroxide at the LiOH/vacuum interface also decomposes easily to Li2O, releasing H2O which subsequently reacts with LiH in a closed system to form H-2. At the onset of dry decomposition, where H-2 is the predominant product, the activation energy for outgassing from a thin LiOH film is lower than that for bulk LiOH. However, as the reactions at the LiH/Li2O/LiOH and at the LiOH/vacuum interfaces proceed, the overall activation energy barrier for the outgassing approaches that of bulk LiOH decomposition. The kinetics developed here predict a hydrogen evolution profile in good agreement with hydrogen release observed during long term isothermal storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston, England. BWXT Y12, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. EM dinh1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.025 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Dimitrijevic, NM Mertz, CJ Goldberg, MM AF Kaminski, MD Dimitrijevic, NM Mertz, CJ Goldberg, MM TI Colloids from the aqueous corrosion of uranium nuclear fuel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID UO2 AB Colloids may enhance the subsurface transport of radionuclides and potentially compromise the long-term safe operation of the proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Little data is available on colloid formation for the many different waste forms expected to be buried in the repository. This work expands the sparse database oil colloids formed during the corrosion of metallic uranium nuclear fuel. We characterized spherical UO2 and nickel-rich montmorilonite smectite-clay colloids formed during the corrosion of uranium metal fuel under bathtub conditions at 90 degrees C. Iron and chromium oxides and calcium carbonate colloids were present but were a minor population. The estimated upper concentration of the UO2 and clays was 4 x 10(11) and 7 x 10(11) -3 x 10(12) particles/L, respectively. However, oxygen eventually oxidized the UO2 colloids, forming long filaments of weeksite K-2(UO2)(2)Si(6)O(15)center dot 4H(2)O that settled from solution, reducing the UO2 colloid population and leaving predominantly clay colloids. The smectite colloids were not affected by oxygen. Plutonium was not directly observed within the UO2 colloids but partitioned completely to the colloid size fraction. The plutonium concentration in the colloidal fraction was slightly higher than the value used in the viability assessment model, and does not change in concentration with exposure to oxygen. This paper provides conclusive evidence for single-phase radioactive colloids composed of UO2. However, its impact on repository safety is probably small since oxygen and silica availability will oxidize and effectively precipitate the UO2 colloids from concentrated solutions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.07.009 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100009 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Goldberg, MM Mertz, CJ AF Kaminski, MD Goldberg, MM Mertz, CJ TI Colloids from the aqueous corrosion of aluminium-based nuclear fuel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Nuclear wastes to be buried in the proposed repository underneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada, may produce colloids and contribute to the release of radioactivity from the repository. As a component of non-commercial nuclear fuels slated for disposal, aluminium-based fuels may release the colloids during aqueous corrosion. This paper reports on the characterization of such colloids, which are predominantly clays > 100 nm. Colloid concentrations never exceeded 8 x 10(11) particles/L, which is well within the range of values used in the repository release models. These colloids carry 99% of the released uranium and highlight the potential importance of the colloid phase in determining radionuclide transport from the uranium-aluminium fuels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.07.010 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100010 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD AF Kaminski, MD TI Engineering product storage under the advanced fuel cycle initiative. Part I: An iterative thermal transport modeling scheme for high-heat-generating radioactive storage forms SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY AB The US Department of Energy is developing an integrated nuclear fuel cycle technology under its Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI). Under the AFCI, waste minimization is stressed. Engineered product storage materials will be required to store concentrated radioactive cesium, strontium, americium, and curium for periods of tens to hundreds of years. The fabrication of such engineered products has some precedence but the concept is largely novel. We thus present a theoretical model used to calculate the maximum radial dimensions of right cylinder storage forms under several scenarios. Maximum dimensions are small, comparable to nuclear fuel pins in some cases, to avoid centerline melting temperatures; this highlights the need for a careful strategy for engineered product storage fabrication and storage. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.07.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100011 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD AF Kaminski, MD TI Engineered product storage under the advanced fuel cycle initiative. Part II: Conceptual storage scenarios SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) of the US Department of Energy stresses waste minimization within an integrated nuclear fuel cycle. In one possible future fuel cycle scenario, the radionuclides Cm-244 and Am-241 are placed in decay storage until a capability for fast-spectrum transmutation is available. We discuss the scale of hypothetical wet and dry storage facilities for cesium/strontium and americium/curium products. Because of the extended storage period for cesium/strontium products, underground storage appears to be the option most acceptable to regulatory policy. Several underground designs are discussed. To reduce the required underground storage space, we recommend a pre-staging period where the cesium/strontium products are cooled in a small pool for 30-50 years. Americium and curium products would require storage for not more than approximately 50 years. For this reason, and because of the high thermal power density, pool storage appears to be the best option for americium and curium. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.07.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100012 ER PT J AU Vergara, LI Meyer, FW Krause, HF AF Vergara, LI Meyer, FW Krause, HF TI Chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite induced by low-energy D-2(+) bombardment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; HYDROCARBON FORMATION; ATOM IMPACT; D+ IMPACT; EROSION; HYDROGEN; FILMS; ION; H+; YIELDS AB Results of chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite by impact of D-2(+) in the energy range 10-250 eV/D are presented. Our experimental approach is based on the use of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) which samples the partial pressures of selected mass species in the scattering chamber resulting from the incident ion beam. Based on in situ measurements of cracking patterns and QMS sensitivities using calibrated leaks, sputtering yields are presented for the production of methane and acetylene for sample temperatures of 300 K and 800 K, In the energy range 10-60 eV/D, CD4 appears to be the dominant light stable hydrocarbon detected at room temperature. With increasing D-2(+) energy, its contribution is found to decrease, while the contribution of C2D2 is virtually unchanged. In contrast to what is observed for the sample at room temperature, at 800 K a dramatic increase in the CD4 production is observed with increasing beam energy, which is also manifested in the production of C2D2, although to a smaller degree. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vergara, LI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vergarali@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.08.001 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100014 ER PT J AU Lang, BE Donaldson, MH Woodfield, BF Burger, A Roy, UN Lamberti, V Bell, ZW AF Lang, BE Donaldson, MH Woodfield, BF Burger, A Roy, UN Lamberti, V Bell, ZW TI Specific heat measurements of TiB2 and (LiF)-Li-6 from 0.5 to 30 K SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY SPECTROMETERS; TRANSITION; CAPACITY AB The specific heats of TiB2 and (LiF)-Li-6 have been measured from 0.5 to 30 K as part of a larger project in the construction of a neutron spectrometer. For this application, the measured specific heats were used to extrapolate the specific heats down to 0.1 K with lattice, electronic, and Schottky equations for the respective samples. The resultant specific heat values at 0.1 K for TiB2 and (LiF)-Li-6 are 4.08 x 10(-4) +/- 0.27 x 10(-4) J/K/mo1 and 9.19 x 10(-9) + 0.15 x 10(-9) J/K/mol, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Woodfield, BF (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, C100 Benson Sci Bldg,POB 25700, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM brian_woodfield@byu.edu OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.08.004 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987CD UT WOS:000233495100015 ER PT J AU Ubick, EA Montgomery, JL Fortson, S Kulp, KS Turteltaub, KW Dingley, KH AF Ubick, EA Montgomery, JL Fortson, S Kulp, KS Turteltaub, KW Dingley, KH TI Potential chemopreventive compounds against PhIP-induced DNA adducts formed in cooked meats. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 14-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 135 IS 12 SU S BP 3038S EP 3038S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993SS UT WOS:000233975900034 ER PT J AU Fellis, KJ Esch, GW AF Fellis, KJ Esch, GW TI Variation in life cycle affects the distance decay of similarity among bluegill sunfish parasite communities SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; LAKES; HELMINTHS AB Rates of community similarity decay were examined among parasite communities of the bluegill sunfish from isolated populations located throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States. Rates of decay were compared for assemblages composed of all species, autogenic species only, and allogenic species only. Rates of similarity decay were calculated by regressing a matrix of intercommunity distance against a matrix of intercommunity Sorenson similarity for each group of species. Significance was determined with the use of a Mantel test using 1,000 permutations. Significant rates of decay were found for all groups; however, allogenic similarity decayed according to an exponential function, whereas autogenic similarity decayed according to a linear function. Overall, the results suggest that autogenic-allogenic status is an important factor determining the rate at which similarity decays, but illustrate the need for more insight regarding the factors that affect parasite dispersal ability. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Fellis, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, L-441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fellis2@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1486 DI 10.1645/GE-578R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400041 PM 16539037 ER PT J AU Woo, HK Wang, XB Wang, LS Lau, KC AF Woo, HK Wang, XB Wang, LS Lau, KC TI Probing the low-barrier hydrogen bond in hydrogen maleate in the gas phase: A photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ANION; STRENGTH; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB The strength of the low-barrier hydrogen bond in hydrogen maleate in the gas phase was investigated by low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Photoelectron spectra of maleic and fumaric acid monoanions (cis-/trans-HO2CCH=CHCO2-) were obtained at low temperatures and at 193 nm photon energy. Vibrational structure was observed for trans-HO2CCH=CHCO2- due to the OCO bending modes; however, cis-HO2CCH=CHCO2- yielded a broad and featureless spectrum. The electron binding energy of cis-HO2CCH=CHCO2- is about 1 eV blue-shifted relative to trans-HO2CCH=CHCO2- due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond in the cis-isomer. Theoretical calculations (CCSD(T)/ aug-cc-pVTZ and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) were carried out to estimate the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in cis-HO2CCH=CHCO2-. Combining experimental and theoretical calculations yields an estimate of 21.5 +/- 2.0 kcal/mol for the intramolecular hydrogen bond strength in hydrogen maleate. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov OI LAU, Kai Chung /0000-0003-2125-6841 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 10633 EP 10637 DI 10.1021/jp0553277 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989OY UT WOS:000233684700002 PM 16863111 ER PT J AU Chikan, V Leone, SR AF Chikan, V Leone, SR TI Vibrational and rotational distributions of the CH(A(2)Delta) product of the C2H+O(P-3) reaction studied by Fourier transform visible (FTVIS) emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; C2H2/O/H ATOMIC FLAMES; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; STATE DISTRIBUTION; COUPLED-CLUSTER; LOW-PRESSURE; BAND SYSTEM; 193 NM; HCCO; CH AB The C2H + O(P-3) -> CH(A) + CO reaction is investigated using Fourier transform visible emission spectroscopy. The O(P-3) and C2H radicals are produced by simultaneous 193 nm photolysis of SO2 and C2H2 precursors, respectively. The nascent vibrational and rotational distributions of the CH(A) product are obtained under time-resolved, but quasi-steady-state, conditions facilitated by the short lifetime of the CH(A) emission. The vibrational temperature of the CH(A) product is found to be appreciably hotter (2800 100 K) than the rotational distributions in the nu' = 0 (1400 +/- 100 K) and nu' = 1 (1250 +/- 250 K) levels. The results suggest that the reaction may proceed through an electronically excited HCCOdouble dagger: intermediate; moreover, the vibrational excitation compared to rotational excitation is higher than expected based on a statistical distribution of energy and may be the result of geometrical changes in the transition state. The CH(A) emission is also observed in a C2H2/O/H reaction mixture using a microwave discharge apparatus to form 0 atoms, with subsequent H atom production. The nascent rotational and vibrational distributions of the CH(A) determined by the microwave discharge apparatus are very similar to the CH(A) distributions obtained in the photodissociation experiment. The results support the idea that the C2H +O(P-3) reaction may play a role in low-pressure C2H2/O/H flames, as previously concluded. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 10646 EP 10653 DI 10.1021/jp053444w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989OY UT WOS:000233684700004 PM 16863113 ER PT J AU Camaioni, DM Schwerdtfeger, CA AF Camaioni, DM Schwerdtfeger, CA TI Comment on "Accurate experimental values for the free energies of hydration of H+, OH-, and H3O+" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLVATION FREE-ENERGIES; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; QUASI-CHEMICAL THEORY; THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PROTON AFFINITY; PK(A); WATER C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Interact & Transformat Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Camaioni, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Interact & Transformat Grp, 908 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM donald.camaioni@pnl.gov NR 36 TC 197 Z9 197 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 10795 EP 10797 DI 10.1021/jp054088k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989OY UT WOS:000233684700020 PM 16863129 ER PT J AU Wang, W Gu, BH AF Wang, W Gu, BH TI Self-assembly of two- and three-dimensional particle arrays by manipulating the hydrophobicity of silica nanospheres SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT TECHNIQUE; SUBMICROMETER SIO2 SPHERES; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; FABRICATION; GROWTH; MULTILAYERS; DIFFRACTION; ADSORPTION AB The surface hydrophobicity of colloidal silica (SiO2) nanospheres is manipulated by a chemical graft of alkyl chains with silane coupling agents or by physical adsorption of a cationic surfactant. The surface-modified SiO2 spheres can be transferred from the aqueous phase to organic solvents and readily self-assemble at the water-air interface to form two-dimensional (2D) particle arrays. Closely packed particle monolayers are obtained by adjusting the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the synthesized SiO2 spheres and may further be transferred onto solid substrates layer by layer to form three-dimensional (3D) ordered particle arrays with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystalline structure. The 2D monolayer and 3D multilayer SiO2 films exhibit photonic crystal properties, which were determined by the UV-visible spectroscopic analysis in transmission mode. In the multilayer films, the Bragg diffraction maxima increased with an increase in thickness of the particle layers. The experimentally observed diffraction positions are in good agreement with those that were theoretically calculated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangw@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 22175 EP 22180 DI 10.1021/jp053692s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 989OW UT WOS:000233684500014 PM 16853885 ER PT J AU Graetz, J Reilly, JJ AF Graetz, J Reilly, JJ TI Decomposition kinetics of the AlH3 polymorphs SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-ALUMINUM HYDRIDE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PHASE-CHANGE; ENERGY; POWDER AB Aluminum hydride polymorphs (alpha-AlH3, beta-AlH3, and gamma-AlH3) were prepared by organometallic synthesis. Hydrogen capacities approaching 10 wt % at desorption temperatures less than 100 degrees C have been demonstrated with freshly prepared AlH3. The temperature-dependent rate constants were determined by measuring the isothermal hydrogen evolution between 60 degrees C and 140 degrees C. Fractional decomposition curves showed good fits using both the second and third-order Avrami-Erofeyev equations, indicating that the decomposition kinetics are controlled by nucleation and growth of the aluminum phase in two and three dimensions. The large activation energies measured for the AlH3 polymorphs suggest that the decomposition occurs via an activated complex mechanism with complexes consisting of approximately nine AlH3 molecules (1-2 unit cells for alpha-AlH3). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Graetz, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM graetz@bnl.gov NR 28 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 22181 EP 22185 DI 10.1021/jp0546960 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 989OW UT WOS:000233684500015 PM 16853886 ER PT J AU Maksymovych, P Sorescu, DC Dougherty, D Yates, JT AF Maksymovych, P Sorescu, DC Dougherty, D Yates, JT TI Surface bonding and dynamical behavior of the CH3SH molecule on Au(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; ENERGY; RECONSTRUCTION; ALKANETHIOLS; MICROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; GOLD AB The chemisorption of the undissociated CH3SH molecule on the Au(111) surface has been studied at 5 K using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The molecule was found to adsorb on atop An sites on the defect-free surface. CH3SH undergoes hindered rotation about the Au-S bond on the defect-free surface which is seen in STM as a time-averaged 6-fold pattern. The pattern suggests that the potential minima directions occur for the rotating molecule at the six hollow sites surrounding the atop adsorption site. The barrier for rotation, obtained by DFT calculations, is similar to 0.1 kcal center dot mol(-1). At low coverages, preferential adsorption occurs at defect sites in the surface, namely, the herringbone "elbows" and random atomic step sites. Molecules adsorbed on these sites do not exhibit rotational freedom. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Yates, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jyates@pitt.edu RI Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016 OI Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459 NR 26 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 22463 EP 22468 DI 10.1021/jp058154u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 989OW UT WOS:000233684500055 PM 16853926 ER PT J AU Dreger, ZA Gupta, YM Yoo, CS Cynn, H AF Dreger, ZA Gupta, YM Yoo, CS Cynn, H TI High-pressure-induced phase transitions in pentaerythritol: X-ray and Raman studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL; REFINEMENT; CELL; ALCOHOLS AB The high-pressure response of pentaerythritol crystals has been examined to 10 GPa in diamond-anvil cells using angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal two first-order phase transitions: one at 4.8 GPa from phase 1, tetragonal I (4) over bar (S-4(2)), to phase II, orthorhombic Pnn2(C-2v(10)) with a small -0.5% volume change, and the other at 7.2 GPa to phase III with an unknown crystal structure. We found that phase I exhibits a large crystallographic anisotropy which rapidly decreases with increasing pressure: the ratio of linear compressibilities between two primary crystal axes decreases from 8.1 at 1 atm to beta(P) = 2.6 at 4 GPa. We suggest that this apparent decrease in crystal anisotropy is due to the disruption of hydrogen bonding in the (001) plane of phase I and eventually leads to an orthorhombic distortion from a quadrilateral network structure in phase I to a quasi one-dimensional structure in phase II. The crystal structure of phase III exhibits a disordered character, and it is likely a conformational variant of phase II. C1 Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dreger, ZA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dreger@wsu.edu NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 47 BP 22581 EP 22587 DI 10.1021/jp0582181 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 989OW UT WOS:000233684500069 PM 16853940 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Bansil, A AF Alp, EE Bansil, A TI 5th International Conference on Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS2004) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alp@ani.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.116 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200001 ER PT J AU van den Brink, J van Veenendaal, M AF van den Brink, J van Veenendaal, M TI Theory of indirect resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab DE electrical properties; optical properties ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; ND2CUO4 AB We express the cross section for indirect resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in terms of an intrinsic dynamic correlation function of the system that is studied with this technique. The cross section is a linear combination of the charge response function and the dynamic longitudinal spin density correlation function. This result is asymptotically exact for both strong and weak local core-hole potentials. We show that one can change the relative charge and spin contribution to the inelastic spectral weight by varying the incident photon energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van den Brink, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, POB 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM brink@ilotrentz.org RI van den Brink, Jeroen/E-5670-2011 OI van den Brink, Jeroen/0000-0001-6594-9610 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2145 EP 2149 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.168 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200004 ER PT J AU Glatzel, P Yano, J Bergmann, U Visser, H Robblee, JH Gu, WW de Groot, FMF Cramer, SP Yachandra, VK AF Glatzel, P Yano, J Bergmann, U Visser, H Robblee, JH Gu, WW de Groot, FMF Cramer, SP Yachandra, VK TI Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy at the MnK absorption pre-edge - a direct probe of the 3d orbitals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab DE inorganic compounds; XAFS; crystal fields; electronic structure ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDATION-STATES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; COORDINATION; EMISSION; SPECTRA; OXIDES; XANES; FE AB A study of the Mn K absorption pre-edges in oxides using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy is presented. The energy transfer dimension enhances the separation of the pre-edge (predominantly 1s to 3d transitions) from the main K-edge and a detailed analysis is thus possible. The RIXS spectra are sensitive to the Mn spin state. The technique thus yields detailed information on the electronic structure that is not accessible in conventional K-edge absorption spectroscopy. The line splittings can be understood within a ligand field multiplet model, showing the importance of (2p,3d) two-electron interactions that give rise to the spin-sensitivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Glatzel, P (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM pieter.glatzel@gmx.org; bergmann@slac.stanford.edu; cramer@batnet.com; vkyachandra@lbl.gov RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055302, R01 GM065440, R56 GM055302] NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2163 EP 2167 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.012 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200007 PM 25308999 ER PT J AU Chuang, YD Pepper, J McKinney, W Hussain, Z Gullikson, E Batson, P Qian, D Hasan, MZ AF Chuang, YD Pepper, J McKinney, W Hussain, Z Gullikson, E Batson, P Qian, D Hasan, MZ TI High-resolution soft X-ray emission spectrograph at advanced light source SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; UNDULATOR; ELECTRON; SPECTRA; GLASSES; SYSTEMS AB The progress of valence electronic spectroscopy with X-rays has been largely limited by the challenge of fine instrumentation. Relatively weak scattering cross-section and/or limited (coarse) energy resolution restrict X-ray spectroscopy to address fundamental issues in condensed-matter electron physics. Depending on the nature of excitations, high brightness photon beam from third-generation synchrotron facilities helps raise the count rates to a detectable limit over the noise level. Over the past decade, it has been realized that high-resolution resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering has the potential to play an important role in understanding complex phenomena observed in highly correlated systems. Driven by such demand, we have developed a soft X-ray emission spectrograph based on variable line spacing (VLS) gratings to work in the soft X-ray and deep UV (the M edge of transition metals) regime. The slit-less design coupled with high quality optical elements and a high quantum efficiency (QE) in-vacuum CCD detector greatly improves the overall throughput. The M edge spectrograph has been demonstrated to have a resolving power better than 10,000 and will be used in conjunction with meV-resolution beamline (MERLIN) at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chuang, YD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ychuang@lbl.gov RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015; OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; HASAN, M. Zahid/0000-0001-9730-3128 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2173 EP 2178 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.051 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200009 ER PT J AU Barbiellini, B Mijnarends, PE Kaprzyk, S Bansil, A Li, YW Mitchell, JF Montano, PA AF Barbiellini, B Mijnarends, PE Kaprzyk, S Bansil, A Li, YW Mitchell, JF Montano, PA TI Extracting d-orbital occupancy from magnetic Compton scattering in bilayer manganites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab DE oxides; initio calculations ID MUFFIN-TIN ALLOYS; MOMENTUM DENSITY; PROFILE; LA2-2XSR1+2XMN2O7; LASR2MN2O7; OXIDES AB We consider the shape of the magnetic Compton profile (MCP), J(mag)(P-z), in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 for momentum transfer p(z) along the [110] direction and the associated reciprocal form factor B(r) defined by taking the one-dimensional Fourier transform of J(mag)(p(z)). B(r) is shown to contain a prominent dip at r approximate to 1 angstrom where the minimum value B-min of B(r) can be related to the occupancies of the e orbitals of d(x2-y2) and d(3z2-r2) symmetry in the system. We illustrate our procedure in detail by analyzing the measured MCP at 5 K and the MCP computed within the framework of the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and comment on the differences between the measured and computed e(g) occupancies as a reflection of the limitations of the LSDA in treating electron correlation effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Radiat Radionuclides & Reactors, Fac Sci Appl, Delft, Netherlands. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Sci User Facil Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Barbiellini, B (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, 110 Forsyth St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM bba@neu.edu RI Barbiellini, Bernardo/K-3619-2015 OI Barbiellini, Bernardo/0000-0002-3309-1362 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2197 EP 2201 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200013 ER PT J AU Qian, D Li, YW Hasan, MZ Casa, DM Gog, T Chuang, YD Tsutsui, K Tohyama, T Maekawa, S Eisaki, H Uchida, S AF Qian, D Li, YW Hasan, MZ Casa, DM Gog, T Chuang, YD Tsutsui, K Tohyama, T Maekawa, S Eisaki, H Uchida, S TI Dispersion relation of charge gap excitations in quasi-1D Mott insulators studied by resonant X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SRCUO2; OXIDES AB Momentum dependence of charge excitations across the effective Mott gap in several quasi-low-dimensional model cuprates with different effective dimensionalities is studied using high resolution inelastic X-ray scattering by working near Copper k-edge resonance which allows us to extract the dispersion relations of the particle-hole pair excitations at the gap edge. Besides electron-electron correlation, momentum dependence of the gap-excitations is found to be strongly dependent on the effective dimensionality (or topology) of the 3d(x2-y2) network. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Complex Mat Consortium CAT, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Natl Ctr Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoelect Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Qian, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dquian@princeton.edu RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2212 EP 2215 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.094 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200016 ER PT J AU Alatas, A Said, AH Sinn, H Alp, EE Kodituwakku, CN Reinhart, B Saboungi, ML Price, DL AF Alatas, A Said, AH Sinn, H Alp, EE Kodituwakku, CN Reinhart, B Saboungi, ML Price, DL TI Elastic modulus of supercooled liquid and hot solid silicon measured by inelastic X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab DE metals; elastic properties; lattice dynamics; phonons ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SI AB The dynamical structure factors of supercooled-liquid and hot-solid silicon are measured by inelastic X-ray scattering at the same temperature, 1620 K. Two significant changes in the averaged longitudinal sound velocities and in the longitudinal modulus are observed. First, we observe a different longitudinal modulus in the polycrystalline hot-solid silicon compared to the extrapolated value obtained from the single-crystal measurement. This reduction of the modulus may be a precursor of the semi conductor-to-metal transition. Second, the increase in the longitudinal modulus in the liquid upon supercooling is consistent with an increase in the degree of the directional bonding. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. CRMD, Orleans, France. CRMTH, Orleans, France. RP Alatas, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 431,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alatas@aps.anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2230 EP 2234 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.077 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200020 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Berti, D Baglioni, P Chen, SH Alatas, A Sinn, H Said, A Alp, E AF Liu, Y Berti, D Baglioni, P Chen, SH Alatas, A Sinn, H Said, A Alp, E TI Inelastic X-ray scattering studies of phonons propagating along the axial direction of a DNA molecule having different counter-ion atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; WATER; FLUCTUATIONS; SOLITONS; PROTEIN; MOTIONS AB Shear-aligned 40 wt% calf-thymus Na-DNA molecules in aqueous solutions are prepared in their liquid crystalline phases and studied by high resolution inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). Measured IXS spectra are analyzed with the generalized three effective eignmode (GTEE) theory. The phonon dispersion relations along the axial direction of DNA molecules with different MgCl2 Concentrations are constructed and compared. It is found that the sound speed along the axial direction of DNA molecules varies only slightly, but the phonon dampening is greatly affected with the increase amount of MgCl2 concentration. Using the GTEE theory, we are able to extract the longitudinal viscosity in the hydrodynamic limit from the Q-dependence of a fitted parameter. We make a comprehensive review of the GTEE theory and discuss detailed analyses of IXS spectra taking into account finite energy resolution of the instrument. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Berti, Debora/G-6525-2011; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Berti, Debora/0000-0001-8967-560X; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2235 EP 2245 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200021 ER PT J AU Leu, BM Zgierski, MZ Wyllie, GRA Ellison, MK Scheidt, WR Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Durbin, SM Sage, JT AF Leu, BM Zgierski, MZ Wyllie, GRA Ellison, MK Scheidt, WR Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Durbin, SM Sage, JT TI Vibrational dynamics of biological molecules: Multi-quantum contributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab DE Mossbauer spectroscopy ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DENSITY-OF-STATES; LYING SPIN STATES; HEME-PROTEINS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FECO UNIT; MYOGLOBIN AB High-resolution X-ray measurements near a nuclear resonance reveal the complete vibrational spectrum of the probe nucleus. Because of this, nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) is a uniquely quantitative probe of the vibrational dynamics of reactive iron sites in proteins and other complex molecules. Our measurements of vibrational fundamentals have revealed both frequencies and amplitudes of Fe-57 vibrations in proteins and model compounds. Information on the direction of Fe motion has also been obtained from measurements on oriented single crystals, and provides an essential test of normal mode predictions. Here, we report the observation of weaker two-quantum vibrational excitations (overtones and combinations) for compounds that mimic the active site of heme proteins. The predicted intensities depend strongly on the direction of Fe motion. We compare the observed features with predictions based on the observed fundamentals, using information on the direction of Fe motion obtained either from DFT predictions or from single crystal measurements. Two-quantum excitations may become a useful tool to identify the directions of the Fe oscillations when single crystals are not available. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Complex Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sage, JT (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, 120 Forsyth St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jtsage@neu.edu RI Leu, Bogdan/J-9952-2015 OI Leu, Bogdan/0000-0003-2020-0686 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM038401-32, R01 GM038401, R01 GM038401-31, R01 GM038401-33, R01 GM052002, R29 GM052002] NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2250 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.075 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200023 PM 16894397 ER PT J AU Sahoo, B Keune, W Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Sahoo, B Keune, W Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Alp, EE TI Atomic vibrational dynamics of amorphous Fe-Mg alloy thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLINE; MULTILAYERS; MAGNESIUM AB The atomic vibrational dynamics of Fe-57 in 800-angstrom thick amorphous FexMg1-x alloy thin films (0.3 <= x <= 0.7) has been investigated at room temperature by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) of 14.4125 keV synchrotron radiation. The amorphous phase has been successfully stabilized by codeposition of Fe and Mg in ultrahigh vacuum onto a substrate held at -140 degrees C during deposition. The amorphous structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. The Fe-57-projected partial vibrational density of states, g(E), has been obtained from the measured NRIXS vibrational excitation probability, together with thermodynamic quantities such as the probability of recoilless absorption (f-factor), the average kinetic energy per Fe atom, the average force constant, and the vibrational entropy per Fe atom. A plot of g(E)/E-2 versus E proves the existence of non-Debye-like vibrational excitations with a peak at E-bp similar to 3-5 meV (boson peak). Both the boson peak height and Ebp were found to depend linearly on the composition x. Above the boson peak, g(E)/E-2 exhibits an exponential decrease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, Appl Phys Lab, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keune, W (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Appl Phys Lab, Duisburg Campus, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM keune@uni-duisburg.de RI Sahoo, Balaram/E-4828-2011 OI Sahoo, Balaram/0000-0002-2050-4746 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2263 EP 2270 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.090 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200025 ER PT J AU Eguiluz, AG Restrepo, OD Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Zschack, P Jellison, GE AF Eguiluz, AG Restrepo, OD Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Zschack, P Jellison, GE TI Electron-hole excitations in NiO: LSDA+U-based calculations vs. inelastic X-ray scattering and ellipsometry measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LDA+U METHOD; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; IMPLEMENTATION; PARAMETERS; ENERGY AB The performance of the LSDA+U functional-in particular, the quality of the ground-state-is tested via calculations of the electron-hole excitations of NiO, which are compared with (non-resonant) inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) and ellipsometry measurements. The dynamical density-response calculations are performed within the random-phase approximation (RPA), defining an LSDA+U/RPA density-response method. A significant success of this method is the insight it provides into the main loss present in the IXS data above the NiO optical gap, namely, a peak lying at similar to 7.5 eV. This excitation, which is shown to be collective in nature, and to be induced by e.-e transitions, provides a direct link between the correlated e.-states and the IXS data. This finding illustrates the power of IXS, combined with correlated-band-structure theory (here, LSDA + U theory), for the investigation of the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials. At the same time, our results indicate that the LSDA+U/RPA response method does not represent a complete theory. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 1401 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eguiluz@utk.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2289 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.092 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200028 ER PT J AU Qian, Q Tyson, TA Cailebe, WA Kao, CC AF Qian, Q Tyson, TA Cailebe, WA Kao, CC TI High-efficiency high-energy-resolution spectrometer for inelastic X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS 2004) CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP Agronne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Kohzu Amer, Blake Ind, ACCEL Gmbh HO Argonne Natl Lab ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY AB A nine-element analyzer system for inelastic X-ray scattering has been designed and constructed. Each individual analyzer crystal is carefully aligned with an inverse joystick goniometer. For the analyzers silicon wafers with 100 mm diameter are spherically bent to 1 or 0.85 m radius, respectively. Additionally, an analyzer with an extra small radius of 0.182 m and diameter of 100 mm was constructed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy in fluorescence mode. All analyzer crystals with large radius have highly uniform focusing property. The total energy resolution is approximately 0.5 eV at backscattering for the 1 m radius Si(440) analyzer array and approximately 4 eV for the 0. 182 m radius Si(440) analyzer at 6493 eV. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, Q (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 161 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM qqian@njit.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2295 EP 2298 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.069 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 998VY UT WOS:000234349200030 ER PT J AU Grigoryan, HR Thomas, AW AF Grigoryan, HR Thomas, AW TI PQChPT with staggered sea and valence Ginsparg-Wilson quarks: vector meson masses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; LATTICE THEORIES; FERMIONS; QCD; SYMMETRY AB We consider partially quenched, mixed chiral perturbation theory with staggered sea and Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks in order to extract a chiral-continuum extrapolation expression for the vector meson mass up to order O(a(2)), at one-loop level. Based on general principles, we accomplish the task without explicitly constructing a sophisticated, heavy vector meson chiral Lagrangian. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM hgrigo1@jlab.org; awthomas@jlab.org OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1527 EP 1536 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/12/013 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 995VZ UT WOS:000234133900014 ER PT J AU Li, K Guo, H Liang, ZQ Thiyagarajan, P Wang, Q AF Li, K Guo, H Liang, ZQ Thiyagarajan, P Wang, Q TI Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-based coil-rod-coil triblock copolymer: Synthesis and controlled self-organization in solution SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; conjugated copolymers; gelation; pi-pi stacking; self-assembly ID THERMOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SUPRAMOLECULAR MATERIALS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE-ADHESION; HARD-SPHERES; BAXTER MODEL AB The self-assembling ability of block copolymers offers an attractive strategy for the organization of pi-conjugated polymers. This article reports the synthesis of a coil-rod-coil triblock copolymer consisting of oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) as the rodlike segment and polystyrene as the coil-like segment. The chemical structure of the afforded triblock copolymer has been fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, Raman, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The small-angle neutron scattering and photophysical measurements indicate that this triblock copolymer exhibits unique solvatochromatic behaviors through the interplay of aggregation-induced pi-pi stacking and planarization of the conjugated backbone. Supramolecular gel nanostructures have been produced via the controlled assembly of the polymer into H-aggregates. It has been demonstrated that the use of the solvent composition to influence chain conformations and thus to manipulate the packing of the conjugated polymer blocks is important for achieving control in the assembly of conducting polymers and associated optical characteristics. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wang@matse.psu.edu RI Li, Kun/D-1355-2010; Liang, Ziqi/G-9312-2011; Wang, Qing/B-5034-2015 NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 23 BP 6007 EP 6019 DI 10.1002/pola.21041 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 985QB UT WOS:000233391900026 ER PT J AU Chen, LC Yang, ZG Jha, B Xia, GG Stevenson, JW AF Chen, LC Yang, ZG Jha, B Xia, GG Stevenson, JW TI Clad metals, roll bonding and their applications for SOFC interconnects SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2004 CY 2004 CL San Antonio, TX DE clad metals; roll bonding; SOFC interconnect ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CORROSION AB Metallic interconnects have been becoming an increasingly interesting topic in the development in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). High temperature oxidation resistant alloys are currently considered as candidate materials. Among these alloys however, different groups of alloys demonstrate different advantages and disadvantages, and few if any can completely satisfy the stringent requirements for the application. To integrate the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of different groups of alloys, clad metal has been proposed for SOFC interconnect applications and interconnect structures. This paper gives a brief overview of the cladding approach and its applications, and discuss the viability of this technology to fabricate the metallic layered-structure interconnects. To examine the feasibility of this approach, the austenitic Ni-base alloy Haynes 230 and the ferritic stainless steel AL 453 were selected as examples and manufactured into a clad metal. Its suitability as an interconnect construction material was investigated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Engineered Mat Solut, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Engineered Mat Solut, 39 Perry Ave, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. EM lchen@emsclad.com NR 13 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.055 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100006 ER PT J AU Roychoudhury, S Castaldi, M Lyubovsky, M LaPierre, R Ahmed, S AF Roychoudhury, S Castaldi, M Lyubovsky, M LaPierre, R Ahmed, S TI Microlith catalytic reactors for reforming iso-octane-based fuels into hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2004 CY 2004 CL San Antonio, TX DE microlith; ATR; WGSR; PROX; fuel processing; short contact time AB Recent advances in the development of short contact time (SCT) reactor design approaches allow reformers capable of overcoming current barriers of cost, size, weight, complexity and efficiency associated with conventional reactor design approaches. PCI has developed an SCT based approach using a patented substrate (trademarked Microlith (R)) and proprietary coating technology [1]. The high heat and mass transport properties of the substrate have been shown to significantly reduce reactor size while improving performance. Resistance to coking, especially at low H2O:C ratios, has also been observed with these reactors. This paper summarizes the results of auto thermal reforming (ATR) of an iso-octane-based liquid fuel. In addition Microlith-based water gas shift (WGS) and preferential CO oxidation (PROX) reactors were also examined for fuel processing applications. Surprisingly, selectivity advantages for these kinetically controlled reactions were observed [2]. Examples described here include low methanation selectivity in WGS applications and large operating windows for PROX at very high space velocities. A complete reformer system with Microlith ATR, WGS and PROX reactors has been identified. Sensitivity of system size with regard to steam:carbon ratios, and the resulting implications for reactor/heat exchanger sizes were documented and a compact system identified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Precis Combust Inc, N Haven, CT 06473 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roychoudhury, S (reprint author), Precis Combust Inc, 410 Sackett Point Rd, N Haven, CT 06473 USA. EM sroychoudhury@precision-combustion.com NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.051 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100011 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL AF Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL TI Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of dimethyl ether steam reforming and dimethyl ether hydrolysis SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2004 CY 2004 CL San Antonio, TX DE dimethyl ether; steam reforming; fuel cells; methanol; hydrolysis; hydrogen ID COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE; METHANOL-TO-HYDROCARBONS; OLEFINS PROCESS; SYNTHESIS GAS; DME SYNTHESIS; NATURAL-GAS; FUEL-CELL; EMISSIONS; CATALYSTS; SYNGAS AB The production of a hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feed by dimethyl ether (DME) steam reforming was investigated using calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium as a function of steam-to-carbon ratio (0.00-4.00), temperature (100-600 degrees C), pressure (1-5 atm), and product species. Species considered were acetone, acetylene, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, dimethyl ether, ethane, ethanol, ethylene, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen, isopropanol, methane, methanol, methyl-ethyl ether, n-propanol and water. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of DME steam reforming indicate complete conversion of dimethyl ether to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at temperatures greater than 200 degrees C and steam-to-carbon ratios greater than 1.25 at atmospheric pressure (P = 1 atm). Increasing the operating pressure shifts the equilibrium toward the reactants; increasing the pressure from I to 5 atm decreases the conversion of dimethyl ether from 99.5 to 76.2%. The trend of thermodynamically stable products in decreasing mole fraction is methane, ethane, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, n-propanol, ethylene, ethanol, methyl-ethyl ether and methanol-formaldehyde, formic acid, and acetylene were not observed. Based on the equilibrium calculations, the optimal processing conditions for dimethyl ether steam reforming occur at a steam-to-carbon ratio of 1.50, a pressure of I atm, and a temperature of 200 degrees C. These thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show dimethyl ether processed with steam will produce hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feeds-with hydrogen concentrations exceeding 70%. The conversion of dimethyl ether via hydrolysis (considering methanol as the only product) is limited by thermodynamic equilibrium. Equilibrium conversion increases with temperature and steam-to-carbon ratio. A maximum dimethyl ether conversion of 62% is achieved at a steam-to-carbon ratio of 5.00 and a processing temperature of 600 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Semelsberger, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663,Mail Stop J579, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM troy@lanl.gov RI 孙, 兆松/E-8654-2011 NR 47 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.056 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100012 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Coyle, CA Darsell, JT Xia, GG Hardy, JS AF Weil, KS Coyle, CA Darsell, JT Xia, GG Hardy, JS TI Effects of thermal cycling and thermal aging on the hermeticity and strength of silver-copper oxide air-brazed seals SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2004 CY 2004 CL San Antonio, TX DE thermal cycling; silver-copper oxide; hermeticity ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS; COMPRESSIVE MICA SEALS; FUEL-CELL; JOINT; METAL; GLASS AB Thermal cycle and exposure tests were conducted on ceramic-to-metal joints prepared by a new sealing technique. Known as reactive air brazing, this joining method is currently being considered for use in sealing various high-temperature solid-state electrochemical devices, including planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFC). In order to simulate a typical pSOFC application, test specimens were prepared by joining ceramic anode/electrolyte bilayers to metal washers, of the same composition as the common frame materials employed in pSOFC stacks, using a filler metal composed of 4 mol% CuO in silver. The brazed samples were exposure tested at 750 degrees C for 200, 400, and 800h in both simulated fuel and air environments and thermally cycled at rapid rate (75 degrees C Min(-1)) between room temperature and 750 degrees C for as many as 50 cycles. Subsequent joint strength testing and microstructural analysis indicated that the samples exposure tested in air displayed little degradation with respect to strength, hermeticity, or microstructure out to 800 h of exposure. Those tested in fuel showed no change in rupture strength or loss in hermeticity after 800h of high-temperature exposure, but did undergo microstructural change due to the dissolution of hydrogen into the silver-based braze material. Air-brazed specimens subjected to rapid thermal cycling exhibited no loss in joint strength or hermeticity, but displayed initial signs of seal delamination along the braze-electrolyte interface after 50 cycles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.053 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100013 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Singh, P AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Singh, P TI Thermal cycle stability of a novel glass-mica composite seal for solid oxide fuel cells: Effect of glass volume fraction and stresses SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE compressive seal; mica; leak test; thermal cycle; SOFC ID COMPRESSIVE SEALS AB A novel glass-mica composite seal was developed based on a previously reported concept of "infiltrated" mica seals for solid oxide fuel cells. Ba-Al-Ca silicate sealing glass powder and Phlogopite mica flakes were mixed at glass volume fractions of 10-50vol.% to make the glass-mica composite seals. The seals were leak tested for short-term thermal cycle stability as a function of glass volume fraction. Composite seals with 10 and 20vol.% glass were also leak tested under compressive stresses from 3 to 100 psi and helium pressures of 0.2 or 2 psi. Post-mortem microstructure analyses were used to characterize the fracture (leak path) of the glass-mica composite seals and were related to the high temperature leakages. Open circuit voltage tests on dense 8YSZ electrolyte with the glass-mica composite seal showed very good thermal cycle stability over 250 cycles with minute (< 1%) voltage drop. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.213 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100019 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, RK Wang, X Rousseau, A AF Ahluwalia, RK Wang, X Rousseau, A TI Fuel economy of hybrid fuel-cell vehicles SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2004 CY 2004 CL San Antonio, TX DE fuel economy; hydrogen fuel cell; hybrid vehicles AB The potential improvement in fuel economy of a mid-size fuel-cell vehicle by combining it with an energy storage system has been assessed. An energy management strategy is developed and used to operate the direct hydrogen, pressurized fuel-cell system in a load-following mode and the energy storage system in a charge-sustaining mode. The strategy places highest priority on maintaining the energy storage system in a state where it can supply unanticipated boost power when the fuel-cell system alone cannot meet the power demand. It is found that downsizing a fuel-cell system decreases its efficiency on a drive cycle which is compensated by partial regenerative capture of braking energy. On a highway cycle with limited braking energy the increase in fuel economy with hybridization is small but on the stop-and-go urban cycle the fuel economy can improve by 27%. On the combined highway and urban drive cycles the fuel economy of the fuel-cell vehicle is estimated to increase by up to 15% by hybridizing it with an energy storage system. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walia@anl.gov NR 7 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.052 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 993JT UT WOS:000233951100030 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL AF Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL TI Temperature-dependent infrared absorption cross sections of methyl cyanide (acetonitrile) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial HITRAN Database Conference CY JUN 16-18, 2004 CL Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA HO Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys DE absorption cross section; infrared; methyl cyanide acetonitrile; laboratory spectroscopy; transmission and scattering of radiation; pollution ID SPECTRUM; ATMOSPHERE; CH3CN; CM(-1); TITAN; BANDS; HC3N AB Pressure broadened (1 atm. N-2) absorption cross sections and integrated band intensities have been derived from laboratory spectra of CH3CN, recorded at 276, 298, and 323 K, covering 600-6500 cm(-1). The spectra were recorded at a resolution of 0.112 cm(-1) using a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer and a custom flowing sample delivery system. We report integrated absorption cross sections for intervals corresponding to the most prominent bands, compare the results with previously reported values, and discuss error sources, which are estimated as similar to 7% with systematic error the largest error source. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rinsland, CP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.03.004 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 956MG UT WOS:000231303400006 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Problems in plutonium chemistry: Generalized proportional equations and polymer formation SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISPROPORTIONATION; STABILITY; PU(V); ACID AB This paper illustrates a generalized form of the method of proportional equations. It permits equilibrium calculations for Pu disproportionation reactions at any oxidation number and any pH by means of combining arbitrary proportions of tri- and hexavalent plutonium. Two methods for estimating the work of Pu polymer formation are illustrated. One method uses the work of disproportionation of tetravalent plutonium. The other method suggests the transition between hydrous Pu(IV) oxide and polymer is accompanied by a small change in free energy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E 517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 267 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0008-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 008BJ UT WOS:000235014900008 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW Eckerman, KF Boice, JD AF Leggett, RW Eckerman, KF Boice, JD TI A respiratory model for uranium aluminide based on occupational data SO JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COATINGS AB As part of an epidemiological study, doses from intake of radionuclides were estimated for workers employed during a 52-year period at the Rocketdyne/Atomics International facility in California. The facility was involved in a variety of research programmes, including nuclear fuel fabrication, spent nuclear fuel decladding, and reactor operation and disassembly. Most of the documented intakes involved inhalation of enriched uranium (U), fission products, or plutonium (Pu). Highest doses were estimated for a group of workers exposed to airborne uranium aluminide (UAlx) during the fabrication of reactor fuel plates. Much of the exposure to UAlx occurred early in the fuel fabrication programme, before it was recognised that intake and lung retention were being underestimated from urinary data due to an unexpected delayed dissolution of the inhaled material. In workers who had been removed from exposure, the rate of urinary excretion of U increased for a few months, peaked, and then declined at a rate consistent with moderately soluble material. This pattern differs markedly from the monotonically decreasing absorption rates represented by the default absorption types in the Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). This paper summarises the findings on the behaviour of UAlx in these workers and describes material-specific parameter values of the HRTM based on this information. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rwl@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0952-4746 J9 J RADIOL PROT JI J. Radiol. Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1088/0952-4746/25/4/004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 998MU UT WOS:000234323800004 PM 16340069 ER PT J AU Boily, JF Seward, TM AF Boily, JF Seward, TM TI On the dissociation of methyl orange: Spectrophotometric investigation in aqueous solutions from 10 to 90 degrees C and theoretical evidence for intramolecular dihydrogen bonding SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methyl orange; spectrophotometry; factor analysis; TD-DFT; AIM; ELF ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; AMINOAZOBENZENE DYES; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ACID SOLUTION; AB-INITIO; AZO-DYES; BEHAVIOR AB The dissociation of methyl orange was investigated by spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions from 10 to 90 degrees C and by quantum chemical calculations. Combined chemometric and thermodynamic analyses of the spectrophotometric data were used to simultaneously extract the thermodynamic stabilities and the spectrophotometric attributes of the dominant methyl orange species in solutions containing less than 20.00 mmol-kg(-1) perchloric acid and submillimolal concentrations of methyl orange. The analyses revealed the presence of only one monomeric deprotonated and one monomeric protonated species. The spectra did not reveal any evidence for the presence of tautomeric equilibria between the protonated azo and ammonium species in the experimental range studied. Thermodynamic analyses of the temperature-dependent dissociation constants showed the reactions to be endothermic and enthalpy driven with increasing acidity and increasing temperature. All molar absorption coefficients in the 275-375 nm range can be adequately reproduced in the 10-90 degrees C range with a set of Gauss-Lorentz parameters and used to predict the absorption spectra for any desired condition. The dominant features of the spectrophotometric attributes of the methyl orange species could also be retrieved in Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Topological analyses of the electron density also revealed the formation of a dihydrogen bond between the azo proton and an adjacent phenyl ring hydridic hydrogen which increases the stability of the azo molecules relative to the ammonium molecule. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mineral & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov RI Seward, Terry/F-1103-2011 NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 EI 1572-8927 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1406 DI 10.1007/s10953-005-8514-y PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 998IH UT WOS:000234311400004 ER PT J AU Ziemniak, SE Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Anovitz, LM AF Ziemniak, SE Palmer, DA Benezeth, P Anovitz, LM TI Solubility of litharge (alpha-PbO) in alkaline media at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lead(II) oxide; litharge; aqueous solutions; lead(II) hydrolysis; equilibrium constant; pressurized water; hydrothermal solutions ID IONS; THERMODYNAMICS; IONIZATION; HYDRATION; OXIDE; CHARACTER; ENTROPIES; WATER AB An inert, flowing autoclave facility was used to investigate the solubility behavior of alpha-PbO ( litharge, tetragonal) in aqueous solutions of morpholine, ammonia and sodium hydroxide between 38 and 260 degrees C. Lead solubilities increased from about 0.4 mmol-kg(-1) at 38 degrees C to about 4.5 mmol-kg(-1) at 260 degrees C and were relatively insensitive to the concentration and identity of the reagent used to control the pH. The measured lead solubilities were interpreted using a Pb(II) ion hydroxocomplexing model and thermodynamic functions for these equilibria were obtained from a least-squares analysis of the data. A consistent set of thermodynamic properties for the species Pb( OH)(+), Pb(OH)(2)(aq) and Pb(OH)(3)(-) was obtained that will permit accurate lead oxide solubility calculations to be made over broad ranges of temperature and alkalinity. C1 Lockheed Martin Corp, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ziemniak, SE (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Corp, POB 1072, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. EM ziemnia@kapl.gov RI BENEZETH, Pascale/H-7969-2014; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI BENEZETH, Pascale/0000-0002-1841-2383; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1428 DI 10.1007/s10953-005-8515-x PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 998IH UT WOS:000234311400005 ER PT J AU Bowman, KO Shenton, LR AF Bowman, KO Shenton, LR TI The asymptotic variance and skewness of maximum likelihood estimators using Maple SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE binomial mixtures; covariance matrix; Hessian matrix; hybrid mixtures; logarithmic derivatives; Poisson mixtures AB In 1998, Bowman and Shenton introduced an asymptotic formula for the third central moment of a maximum likelihood estimator theta(alpha) of the parameter theta(alpha), a = 1. 2,..., s. From this moment, the asymptotic skewness can be set up using the standard deviation. Clearly, the skewness, measured in this way is location free, and scale free, so that shape is accounted for. The computer program is implemented by insertion of the values of expectations of products of logarithmic derivatives, a tiresome task. But now using Maple, the only input consists of the values of the parameters and the form of the density or probability function. Cases of up to four parameters have been implemented. However, in this paper we present two- and three-parameter cases in detail. Future improvements in handling Maple may lead to the implementation of the general case. Bowman and Shenton [Bowman, K.O. and Shenton, L.R., 1999, The asymptotic kurtosis for maximum likelihood estimators. Communications in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 28(11), 2641-2654.] also developed an asymptotic formula for the kurtosis, which is not used here. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bowman, KO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,5770,MS-6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bowmanko@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 75 IS 12 BP 975 EP 986 DI 10.1080/00949650412331321142 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 994RL UT WOS:000234048800003 ER PT J AU Comolli, LR Downing, KH AF Comolli, LR Downing, KH TI Dose tolerance at helium and nitrogen temperatures for whole cell electron tomography SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron tomography; cryo-microscopy; radiation damage ID CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; RADIATION-DAMAGE; MEMBRANE AB Electron tomography is currently the only method that allows the direct three-dimensional visualization of macromolecules in an unperturbed cellular context. In principle, tomography should enable the identification and localization of the major macromolecular complexes within intact bacteria, embedded in amorphous ice. In an effort to optimize conditions for recording data that would bring us close to the theoretical limits, we present here a comparison of the dose tolerance of Caulobacter crescentus cells embedded in amorphous ice at liquid helium versus liquid nitrogen temperature. The inner and outer cell membranes, and the periodic structure of the S-layer of this Gram-negative bacterium provide ideal features to monitor changes in contrast and order as a function of dose. The loss of order in the S-layer occurs at comparable doses at helium and nitrogen temperatures. Macroscopic bubbling within the cell and the plastic support develops at both temperatures, but more slowly at helium temperature. The texture of the bubbles is finer in initial stages at helium temperature, giving an impression of contrast reversal in some parts of the specimen. Bubbles evolve differently in different organelles, presumably a consequence of their different chemical composition and mechanical properties. Finally, the amorphous ice "flows" at helium temperature, causing changes in the relative positions of markers within the specimen and distorting the cells. We conclude that for cryo-electron tomography of whole cells liquid nitrogen temperature provides better overall data quality. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.08.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 000EF UT WOS:000234443000001 PM 16198601 ER PT J AU Adiga, U Baxter, WT Hall, RJ Rockel, B Rath, BK Frank, J Glaeser, R AF Adiga, U Baxter, WT Hall, RJ Rockel, B Rath, BK Frank, J Glaeser, R TI Particle picking by segmentation: A comparative study with SPIDER-based manual particle picking SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particle-picking; ribosome; binarization; filtering ID ELECTRON-MICROGRAPHS; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SELECTION; LIMITATIONS; RIBOSOME AB Boxing hundreds of thousands of particles in low-dose electron micrographs is one of the major bottle-necks in advancing toward achieving atomic resolution reconstructions of biological macromolecules. We have shown that a combination of pre-processing operations and segmentation can be used as an effective, automatic tool for identifying and boxing single-particle images. This paper provides a brief description of how this method has been applied to a large data set of micrographs of ice-embedded ribosomes, including a comparative analysis of the efficiency of the method. Some results on processing micrographs of tripeptidyl peptidase II particles are also shown. In both cases, we have achieved our goal of selecting at least 80% of the particles that an expert would select with less than 10% false positives. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hlth Res Inc, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Struct Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. SUNY Albany, Dept Biomed Sci, Wadsworth Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adiga, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM UPAdiga@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62989] NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.007 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 000EF UT WOS:000234443000007 PM 16330229 ER PT J AU Fox, RV Ball, RD Harrington, PD Rollins, HW Wai, CM AF Fox, RV Ball, RD Harrington, PD Rollins, HW Wai, CM TI Holmium nitrate complexation with tri-n-butyl phosphate in supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE metal complexation; lanthanides; supercritical carbon dioxide; multivariate hard-equilibria modeling; SIMPLISMA ID FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS REAGENTS; INORGANIC NITRATES; RATIO METHOD; LANTHANIDES; EQUILIBRIUM; PLUTONIUM; URANIUM AB Holmium nitrate pentahydrate was reacted with tri-n-butyl phosphate in supercritical carbon dioxide at 308 K. The products of the complexation reaction were measured under supercritical fluid conditions using UV-vis spectroscopy. The solubility of the metal complexes in the supercritical fluid phase was measured. The mole-ratio titration method was used to determine the stoichiometry of the soluble complexes. Conditional extraction coefficients were calculated from spectral data using least-squares regression and hard-equilibria models. Data indicate that the holmium nitrate-tributyl phosphate system forms 1:2 and 1:4 holmium-tributyl phosphate complexes. Conditional extraction coefficients were calculated as log K-ex2 = 5.8 +/- 0.1 and log K-ex4 = 3.1 +/- 0.1 giving a log K-ext value of 8.9 +/- 0. 1. The conditional formation constant for the reaction ML2(scf) + 2L reversible arrow ML4(scf) + 2H(2)O in the supercritical fluid phase was calculated as log beta(204(scf)) = 2.4 +/- 0. 1. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluids Res Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Fox, RV (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluids Res Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert.fox@inl.gov RI Rollins, Harry/B-6327-2017; Ball, Richard/B-8150-2017; OI Rollins, Harry/0000-0002-3926-7445; Ball, Richard/0000-0002-4798-6044; Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.05.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 981EG UT WOS:000233069600006 ER PT J AU Muller, M Sutin, A Guyer, R Talmant, M Laugier, P Johnson, PA AF Muller, M Sutin, A Guyer, R Talmant, M Laugier, P Johnson, PA TI Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to damage assessment in bone SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; COMPACT-BONE; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND; FRACTURE DISCRIMINATION; FATIGUE MICRODAMAGE; MICROCRACK GROWTH; WAVE-PROPAGATION; CANCELLOUS BONE; ACCUMULATION; ROCK AB Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) is a resonance-based technique exploiting the significant nonlinear behavior of damaged materials. In NRUS, the resonant frequency(ies) of an object is studied as a function of the excitation level. As the excitation level increases, the elastic nonlinearity is manifest by a shift in the resonance frequency. This study shows the feasibility of this technique for application to damage assessment in bone. Two samples of bovine cortical bone were subjected to progressive damage induced by application of mechanical cycling. Before cycling commenced, and at each step in the cycling process, NRUS was applied for damage assessment. For independent assessment of damage, high-energy x-ray computed tomography imaging was performed but was only useful in identifying the prominent cracks. As the integral quantity of damage increased, NRUS revealed a corresponding increase in the nonlinear response. The measured change in nonlinear response is much more sensitive than the change in linear modulus. The results suggest that NRUS could be a potential tool for micro-damage assessment in bone. Further work must be carried out for a better understanding of the physical nature of damaged bone and for the ultimate goal of the challenging in vivo implementation of the technique. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75006 Paris, France. Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, 15 Rue Ecole Med, F-75006 Paris, France. EM muller@lip.bhdc.jussieu.fr; asutin@stevens-tech.edu; guyer@physics.umass.edu; talmant@lip.bhdc.jussieu.fr; laugier@lip.bhdc.jussieu.fr; paj@lanl.gov RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011 NR 38 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 118 IS 6 BP 3946 EP 3952 DI 10.1121/1.2126917 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 995LE UT WOS:000234101000056 PM 16419838 ER PT J AU Bao, Y Grutzeck, MW Jantzen, CM AF Bao, Y Grutzeck, MW Jantzen, CM TI Preparation and properties of hydroceramic waste forms made with simulated Hanford low-activity waste SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RETENTION AB Approximately 85 million gallons of high-level waste (HLW) is currently stored in underground tanks at the Hanford Reservation and the Savannah River Site (SRS). The waste consists of a hydroxide-rich precipitate (sludge) and a sodium-rich supernate. The supernate is a NaOH rich solution containing lesser amounts of NaNO3 and NaNO2 and small amounts of soluble fission products, cladding materials, and organics (volatile organics and semi-volatile organics known as VOCs and SVOCs). The Department of Energy (DOE) has chosen glass as its waste form for both sludge and sodium-rich supernate. However, because of the volume of the supernate, alternatives to vitrification are being sought for some of this waste. One alternative is to remove Cs-137 and Sr-90 from the supernate. Decontaminating the waste in this way allows the waste to be designated as low-activity waste (LAW) and as such the waste now becomes eligible for solidification and disposal on site. SRS is solidifying its LAW with a blended Portland cement forming Saltstone. Hanford has been considering a bulk vitrification process in which the LAW will be mixed with Hanford soil and vitrified in place in a disposable carbon-arc powered glass melter/waste container. Both waste forms can then be buried on site in appropriate vaults or low-level waste land fills. A hydroceramic is an alternative waste form designed to solidify and stabilize LAW that is made from metakaolin plus NaOH and/or NaOH rich LAW supernate. In addition to NaOH, LAW can contain a wide range of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite concentrations. Although a hydroceramic waste form can be made directly from some types of decontaminated waste, e.g., those that are highly alkaline (8-12M NaOH) and contain less than 25 mol% of NOx (NOx is used as the short-note for nitrates and nitrites in this article.) relative to the total Na in the waste, by simply mixing the LAW with metakaolin and curing the resulting paste at 90 degrees C, the remaining LAW, especially that stored at Hanford must be pretreated in some way before it can be similarly solidified; the relative molar proportion of NOx/Na must be reduced to 25% or less. In this paper calcination is evaluated as a potential pretreatment method for Hanford AN-107 (AN-107 is a waste storage tank on Hanford site) LAW, but in choosing this method it is necessary to divide the preparation of the hydroceramic waste form into two steps: denitration/denitrition of the liquid waste stream to produce a granular calcine followed by solidification using a metakaolin plus 4M NaOH binder. A simulated Hanford AN-107 LAW was calcined at 375 degrees, 450 degrees, 525 degrees, 600 degrees, and 675 degrees C in the presence of sucrose and metakaolin added as a calcination aid. It was shown that the leachability of the calcines decreased as calcination temperature increased, i.e., the waste form became more crystalline. In the second step, each of the granular calcines was mixed with additional metakaolin and just enough 4M NaOH to form a thick paste. The paste was precured at 40 degrees C and then autoclaved at 90 degrees C to form a monolith. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that the calcines themselves contained an amorphous phase and crystalline hydroxysodalite, and that the hydroceramics made from these calcines plus additional metakaolin/NaOH binder consisted predominantly of zeolite A and hydroxysodalite. The temperature used to prepare the calcines not only affected the properties of the calcine, but those of the monolithic hydroceramics as well. Experimental results demonstrated that 525 degrees C represented the optimal temperature for producing the most suitable calcine for subsequent solidification with metakaolin and 4M NaOH. The resulting hydroceramic nuclear waste form was strong and had the lowest overall leachability. The leachability of the hydroceramic is normally lower than that of the corresponding calcines up to similar to 600 degrees C. The product consistency test (PCT) determined normalized release rate NRNa for the hydroceramic (0.14 g/m(2).day) was comparable to similar leach rates determined for Hanford's low-activity waste reference material glass (0.08 g/m(2).day) and a steam reformed calcine made with Hanford's AN-107 tank waste (0.25 g/m(2).day). C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Grutzeck, MW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gur@psu.edu NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3287 EP 3302 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00775.x PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 988TS UT WOS:000233624400001 ER PT J AU Plucknett, KP Lin, HT AF Plucknett, KP Lin, HT TI Sintering silicon nitride ceramics in air SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SI3N4 CERAMICS; ATMOSPHERE FURNACE; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; 1500-DEGREES-C; STABILITY; MECHANISM; EXPOSURE AB Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics, prepared with Y2O3 and Al2O3 sintering additives, have been densified in air at temperatures of up to 1750 degrees C using a conventional MoSi2 element furnace. At the highest sintering temperatures, densities in excess of 98% of theoretical have been achieved for materials prepared with a combined sintering addition of 12 wt% Y2O3 and 3 wt% Al2O3. Densification is accompanied by a small weight gain (typically < 1-2 wt%), because of limited passive oxidation of the sample. Complete alpha- to beta-Si3N4 transformation can be achieved at temperatures above 1650 degrees C, although a low volume fraction of Si2N2O is also observed to form below 1750 degrees C. Partial crystallization of the residual grain-boundary glassy phase was also apparent, with beta-Y2Si2O7 being noted in the majority of samples. The microstructures of the sintered materials exhibited typical beta-Si3N4 elongated grain morphologies, indicating potential for low-cost processing of in situ toughened Si3N4-based ceramics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS B3J 1Z1, Canada. RP Plucknett, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kevin.plucknett@dal.ca NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 12 BP 3538 EP 3541 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00631.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 988TS UT WOS:000233624400045 ER PT J AU Wiens, KC Rutledge, SA Tessendorf, SA AF Wiens, KC Rutledge, SA Tessendorf, SA TI The 29 June 2000 supercell observed during STEPS. Part II: Lightning and charge structure SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THUNDERSTORM CONVECTIVE REGIONS; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; STORM; ELECTRIFICATION; FLASHES; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB This second part of a two-part study examines the lightning and charge structure evolution of the 29 June 2000 tornadic supercell observed during the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study ( STEPS). Data from the National Lightning Detection Network and the New Mexico Tech Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) are used to quantify the total and cloud-to-ground (CG) flash rates. Additionally, the LMA data are used to infer gross charge structure and to determine the origin locations and charge regions involved in the CG flashes. The total flash rate reached nearly 300 min(-1) and was well correlated with radar-inferred updraft and graupel echo volumes. Intracloud flashes accounted for 95%-100% of the total lightning activity during any given minute. Nearly 90% of the CG flashes delivered a positive charge to ground (+CGs). The charge structure during the first 20 min of this storm consisted of a midlevel negative charge overlying lower positive charge with no evidence of an upper positive charge. The charge structure in the later ( severe) phase was more complex but maintained what could be roughly described as an inverted tripole, dominated by a deep midlevel (5-9 km MSL) region of positive charge. The storm produced only two CG flashes ( both positive) in the first 2 h of lightning activity, both of which occurred during a brief surge in updraft and hail production. Frequent +CG flashes began nearly coincident with dramatic increases in storm updraft, hail production, total flash rate, and the formation of an F1 tornado. The +CG flashes tended to cluster in or just downwind of the heaviest precipitation, which usually contained hail. The +CG flashes all originated between 5 and 9 km MSL, centered at 6.8 km (-10 degrees C), and tapped LMA-inferred positive charge both in the precipitation core and ( more often) in weaker reflectivity extending downwind. All but one of the -CG flashes originated from > 9 km MSL and tended to strike near the precipitation core. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wiens, KC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, ISR-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kwiens@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 164 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 62 IS 12 BP 4151 EP 4177 DI 10.1175/JAS3615.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 999VV UT WOS:000234419800002 ER PT J AU Brydon, AD Bardenhagen, SG Miller, EA Seidler, GT AF Brydon, AD Bardenhagen, SG Miller, EA Seidler, GT TI Simulation of the densification of real open-celled foam microstructures SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE cellular solids; foam mechanics; microtomography; material point method; constitutive behavior; microstructures; auxetic foams ID HIGH-STRAIN COMPRESSION; MATERIAL POINT METHOD; COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY; MESHLESS METHODS; POLYMERIC FOAMS; SOLID FOAMS; DEFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHY; FLIP AB Ubiquitous in nature and finding applications in engineering systems, cellular solids are an increasingly important class of materials. Foams are an important subclass of cellular solids with applications as packing materials and energy absorbers due to their unique properties. A better understanding of foam mechanical properties and their dependence on microstructural details would facilitate manufacture of tailored materials and development of constitutive models for their bulk response. Numerical simulation of these materials, while offering great promise toward furthering understanding, has also served to convincingly demonstrate the inherent complexity and associated modeling challenges. The large range of deformations which foams are subjected to in routine engineering applications is a fundamental source of complication in modeling the details of foam deformation on the scale of foam struts. It requires accurate handling of large material deformations and complex contact mechanics, both well established numerical challenges. A further complication is the replication of complex foam microstructure geometry in numerical simulations. Here various advantages of certain particle methods, in particular their compatibility with the determination of three-dimensional geometry via X-ray microtomography, are exploited to simulate the compression of "real" foam microstructures into densification. With attention paid to representative volume element size, predictions are made regarding bulk response, dynamic effects, and deformed microstructural character, for real polymeric, open-cell foams. These predictions include a negative Poisson's ratio in the stress plateau, and increased difficulty in removing residual porosity during densification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brydon, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM abrydon@lanl.gov RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012 NR 45 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2638 EP 2660 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.07.007 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 994JN UT WOS:000234028000002 ER PT J AU Yuasa, T Sugiyama, H Zhong, Z Maksimenko, A Dilmanian, FA Akatsuka, T Ando, M AF Yuasa, T Sugiyama, H Zhong, Z Maksimenko, A Dilmanian, FA Akatsuka, T Ando, M TI High-pass-filtered diffraction microtomography by coherent hard x rays for cell imaging: theoretical and numerical studies of the imaging and reconstruction principles SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; REFRACTION-CONTRAST; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DARK-FIELD; OBJECTS; INTERFEROMETER; RADIOGRAPHY; ALGORITHMS; RESOLUTION AB This paper presents theoretical and numerical studies of diffraction tomography using hard x rays, from the viewpoint of imaging and reconstruction methods for cell imaging. The proposed system employs a single-perfect-crystal analyzer in symmetric Laue-case transmission geometry to efficiently detect the higher spatial frequency components of an object's refractive-index distribution, and to effectively suppress interference between the unperturbated wave field and the wave field diffracted by the object. This system features acquisition of a single projection by a single exposure using a simple geometry and aggressive use of diffracted x rays. We present the physical description of the imaging method using the Fourier diffraction theorem derived from the Born approximation. First, we demonstrate that the reconstruction leads to the phase-retrieval problem. We then describe a reconstruction algorithm based on the classical Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup algorithm. Finally, we show the efficacy of this system by computer simulation. Our simulation demonstrates that the imaging system delineates microstructure 3.5 mu m in diameter in a phase object 400 mu m in diameter. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Yamagata Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuasa, T (reprint author), Yamagata Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. EM yuasa@eat72.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp RI Yuasa, Tetsuya/F-5006-2013 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2622 EP 2634 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.002622 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 994GZ UT WOS:000234020500005 PM 16396022 ER PT J AU Rademaker, K Payne, SA Huber, G Isaenko, LI Osiac, E AF Rademaker, K Payne, SA Huber, G Isaenko, LI Osiac, E TI Optical pump-probe processes in nd (3+)-doped KPb2Br5, RbPb2Br5, and KPb2Cl5 SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; RARE-EARTH IONS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; NONRADIATIVE DECAY; CRYSTALS; INTENSITIES AB Recently, laser activity has been achieved in the low-phonon-energy, moisture-resistant bromide host crystals: neodymium-doped potassium lead bromide (Nd3+: KPb2Br5) and rubidium lead bromide (Nd3+: RbPb2Br5). Laser activity at 1.07 mu m was observed for both crystalline materials. Laser operation at the new wavelengths of 1.18 and 0.97 mu m resulting from the F-4(5/2) + H-2(9/2) -> I-4(J) transitions (J= 13/2 and 11/2) in Nd:RbPb2Br5 was achieved for the first time in a solid-state laser material. We present cw pump-probe spectra and discuss excited-state absorption and reabsorption processes due to the long-lived lower laser levels, as well as possible depopulation mechanisms feasible for more efficient laser operation in these crystals. The bromides are compared with potassium lead chloride (Nd3+:KPb2Cl5). (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Laser Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Design & Technol Inst Monocrystals, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 63005, Russia. Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Biophys, Craiova 1100, Romania. RP Rademaker, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Osiac, Eugen/C-2910-2011; Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2610 EP 2618 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.002610 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 992ZO UT WOS:000233922700011 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Ahn, J Lee, T Lee, JH Kim, YS Kim, CH Leung, W Oh, CH Constant, K Ho, KM AF Biswas, R Ahn, J Lee, T Lee, JH Kim, YS Kim, CH Leung, W Oh, CH Constant, K Ho, KM TI Photonic bandgaps of conformally coated structures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; CRYSTAL TEMPLATES; FABRICATION; GAPS AB Polymeric molds of the layer-by-layer photonic crystal can be economically synthesized with a microtransfer molding technique. The refractive indices of these molds are low, preventing formation of a photonic bandgap. We find that such molds can be conformally coated with higher-index material. Photonic band calculations find structures in which conformally coated layer-by-layer molds have complete bandgaps for both titania and silicon coatings. Large stop bands exist in the 001 stacking direction. Feasibility of experimental conformal coating of the molds has been demonstrated with a titania-coated polyurethane mold, which shows optical features in agreement with simulations of reflection and transmission. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, QPsi, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biswasr@iastate.edu RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2728 EP 2733 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.002728 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 992ZO UT WOS:000233922700024 ER PT J AU Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Khomitch, V Fischer, AH Levenson, RM Rimm, DL AF Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Khomitch, V Fischer, AH Levenson, RM Rimm, DL TI Detection of malignancy in cytology specimens using spectral-spatial analysis SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE atypical; urine; bladder; cytopathology; genetic algorithm ID IMAGE FEATURE-EXTRACTION; URINARY CYTOLOGY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BLADDER-CANCER; CELLS; CLASSIFICATION; CARCINOMA; SEDIMENT; SYSTEM AB Despite low sensitivity (around 60%), cytomorphologic examination of urine specimens represents the standard procedure in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. Although color is information-rich, morphologic diagnoses are rendered almost exclusively on the basis of spatial information. We hypothesized that quantitative assessment of color ( more precisely, of spectral properties) using liquid crystal-based spectral fractionation, combined with genetic algorithm-based spatial analysis, can improve the accuracy of traditional cytologic examination. Images of various cytological specimens were collected every 10nm from 400 to 700nm to create an image stack. The resulting data sets were analyzed using the Los Alamos-developed GENetic Imagery Exploitation ( GENIE) package, a hybrid genetic algorithm that segments ( classifies) images using automatically 'learned' spatio-spectral features. In an evolutionary fashion, GENIE generates a series of algorithms or 'chromosomes', keeping the one with best fitness with respect to a user-defined training set. First, we tested the system to determine if it could recognize malignant cells using artificial cytology specimens constructed to completely avoid the requirement for human interpretation. GENIE was able to differentiate malignant from benign cells and to estimate their relative proportions in controlled mixtures. We then tested the system on routine cytology specimens. When targeted to detect malignant urothelial cells in cytology specimens, GENIE showed a combined sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 95%, in samples drawn from two separate institutions over a span of 4 years. When trained on cases initially diagnosed as 'atypical' but with unequivocal follow-up by biopsy, surgical specimen or cytology, GENIE showed efficiency superior to the cytopathologist with respect to predicting the follow-up result in a cohort of 85 cases. We believe that, in future, this type of methodology could be used as an ancillary test in cytopathology, in a manner analogous to immunostaining, in those situations when a definitive diagnosis cannot be rendered based solely on the morphology. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Int Space & Response Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. CRI Inc, Woburn, MA USA. RP Rimm, DL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, POB 208023,310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM david.rimm@yale.edu OI Fischer, Andrew/0000-0002-5944-4621 FU NCI NIH HHS [R44 CA88684] NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1555 EP 1564 DI 10.1038/labinvest.3700357 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 985JA UT WOS:000233372200011 PM 16200074 ER PT J AU Chen, H Wilks, SC AF Chen, H Wilks, SC TI Evidence of enhanced effective hot electron temperatures in ultraintense laser-solid interactions due to reflexing SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fast High Density Plasma Blocks Driven by Picosecond Terawatt Lasers CY DEC 01-04, 2004 CL Univ Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus DE Debye sheath; femtosecond lasers; hot electrons; laser-plasma interaction; nonlinear ponderomotive force; PIC computations; target normal sheath acceleration; target thickness ID PLASMA INTERACTION; FAST IGNITION; HIGH-GAIN; GENERATION; INTENSITY; FUSION; PULSES; ENERGY; BEAMS; SIMULATIONS AB It is shown that the effective hot electron temperature, T-hot, associated with the energetic electrons produced during the interaction of an ultra-intense laser with thin solid targets is dependent on the thickness of the target. We report the first direct experimental observations of electron energy spectra obtained from laser-solid interactions that indicates the reflexing of electrons in thin targets results in hi her electron temperatures than those obtained in thick target interactions. This can occur for targets whose thickness, x(t), is less than about half the range of an electron at the energy associated with the initial effective electron temperature, provided the laser pulse length is at least c tau(p) > 2x(t). A simple theoretical model that demonstrates the physical mechanism behind this enhanced heating is presented and the results of computer simulations are used to verify the model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-209,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wilks1@llnl.gov NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050585 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 994XE UT WOS:000234063700003 ER PT J AU Kilkenny, JD Alexander, NB Nikroo, A Steinman, DA Nobile, A Bernat, T Cook, R Letts, S Takagi, M Harding, D AF Kilkenny, JD Alexander, NB Nikroo, A Steinman, DA Nobile, A Bernat, T Cook, R Letts, S Takagi, M Harding, D TI Laser targets compensate for limitations in inertial confinement fusion drivers SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fast High Density Plasma Blocks Driven by Picosecond Terawatt Lasers CY DEC 01-04, 2004 CL Univ Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus DE inertial confinement; inertial fusion; targets ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; ENERGY TARGETS; FABRICATION; NOVA; PROGRESS; CAPSULE; TRITIUM; DESIGN; SHELLS; BEAMS AB Success in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) requires sophisticated, characterized targets. The increasing fidelity of three-dimensional (3D), radiation hydrodynamic computer codes has made it possible to design targets for ICF which can compensate for limitations in the existing single shot laser and Z pinch ICF drivers. Developments in ICF target fabrication technology allow more esoteric target designs to be fabricated. At present, requirements require new deterministic nano-material fabrication on micro scale. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kilkenny, JD (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM kilkenny@fusion.gat.com NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050664 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 994XE UT WOS:000234063700011 ER PT J AU Ng, A Ao, T Perrot, F Dharma-Wardana, MWC Foord, ME AF Ng, A Ao, T Perrot, F Dharma-Wardana, MWC Foord, ME TI Idealized slab plasma approach for the study of warm dense matter SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE high pressure science; numerical simulations; plasma physics; quotidian equation of state; warm dense matter ID ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; PRESSURE-IONIZATION; EXPANDED STATES; SHOCK-WAVE; LASER; ALUMINUM; PULSES; SHIFTS; GASES AB Recently, warm dense matter has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that draws increasing interest in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, high pressure science, astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion, as well as material science under extreme conditions. To allow the Study of well-defined warm dense matter states, we introduced the concept of idealized slab plasma (ISP) that can be realized in the laboratory via (1) the isochoric heating of a solid and (2) the propagation of a shock wave in a solid. The application of this concept provides new means for probing AC conductivity, equation of state. ionization, and opacity. These approaches are presented here using results derived from numerical simulations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Ng, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ng16@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050718 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 994XE UT WOS:000234063700016 ER PT J AU Chernov, BK Chandler, DR Golova, JB AF Chernov, BK Chandler, DR Golova, JB TI Synthesis of alpha-amino-omega-hydroxy-polyethylene glycol oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugates SO LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE synthetic methods; poly(ethylene) glycol/phosphoramidites; oligonucleotides; conjugates ID POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PCR AB Synthesis of N-9-(fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyt)-alpha-aminopolyethylene glycol 900-omega-(2cyanoethyl)-N-diisopropyl phosphoramidite is reported. Aminopolyethylene glycol 900oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugates were synthesized by solid phase approach by using the newly described phosphoramidite. The reactivity of the amino function in synthetic conjugates was demonstrated by reaction with activated esters of methacrylic acid, Fmoc-L-alanine and Lissamine Rhodamine sulfonyl chloride. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biodetect Technol Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Golova, JB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biodetect Technol Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202,A-217, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM golova@anl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1786 J9 LETT ORG CHEM JI Lett. Org. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 690 EP 693 DI 10.2174/157017805774717418 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 993BK UT WOS:000233927500004 ER PT J AU Yang, L AF Yang, L TI The X21 SAXS instrument at NSLS for studying macromolecular systems SO MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLYMER SOC KOREA PI SEOUL PA ROOM 601, HATCHON BUILDING, 831 YEOKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-792, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-5032 J9 MACROMOL RES JI Macromol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 011QZ UT WOS:000235284500012 ER PT J AU Poulsen, HF Lienert, U Pantleon, W AF Poulsen, HF Lienert, U Pantleon, W TI Characterisation of orientation distributions of individual grains within deformed metals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Joint Danish-Chinese Symposium on Materials Science/Symposium on Deformation Structures - Evolution and Properties CY AUG 16-17, 2005 CL Chengde, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, State Adm Foreign Experts Affairs Peoples R China, Danish Natl Res Fdn DE texture; orientation distribution function; X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation; in situ deformation ID BULK GRAINS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; LATTICE ROTATIONS; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY AB An experimental method is presented for determining the orientation distribution function (ODF) for individual grains within deformed polycrystals. The non-destructive method is based on diffraction with monochromatic hard X-rays. First the detected diffraction spots are sorted with respect to their grain of origin. Next, for each grain the ODF is reconstructed by a variant of ART an iterative algebraic algorithm. First results are reported for tensile deformation of aluminium to 1%. The potential of the method is discussed. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poulsen, HF (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM henning.friis.poulsen@risoe.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Pantleon, Wolfgang/L-9657-2014 OI Pantleon, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6418-6260 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1400 DI 10.1179/174328405X71693 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 991EE UT WOS:000233794300009 ER PT J AU Hess, H Bachand, GD AF Hess, Henry Bachand, George D. TI Biomolecular motors SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB The efficient conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work by specialized biological nanomachines enables a wide range of functions in nature, ranging from intracellular transport to large-scale actuation by muscles. Through suitable interfaces, these motor proteins can be employed in synthetic nanodevices with applications in biosensing, self-assembly, and molecular-scale actuation. Here, we give a brief introduction to molecular motors, with an emphasis on motor proteins, describe the challenges in interfacing these bionanomachines with an artificial environment, and provide examples of emerging applications. C1 [Hess, Henry] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bachand, George D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hess, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rhines Hall 160, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hhess@mse.ufl.edu; gdbacha@sandia.gov NR 104 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 SU 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71286-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32EB UT WOS:000208933400025 ER PT J AU Ritchie, R AF Ritchie, Rob TI Whither 'nano' or 'bio'? SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ritchie, Rob] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, Rob] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ritchie, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 BP 72 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71261-X PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32EA UT WOS:000208933300033 ER PT J AU Berger-Wolf, TY Hart, WE Saia, J AF Berger-Wolf, TY Hart, WE Saia, J TI Discrete sensor placement problems in distribution networks SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article ID MICROCOMPUTER ALGORITHM AB We consider the problem of placing sensors in a network to detect and identify the source of any contamination. We consider two variants of this problem: (1) sensor-constrained: we are allowed a fixed number of sensors and want to minimize contamination detection time; and (2) time-constrained: we must detect contamination within a given time limit and want to minimize the number of sensors required. Our main results are as follows. First, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for source identification. Second, we show that the sensor and time constrained versions of the problem are polynomially equivalent. Finally, we show that the sensor-constrained version of the problem is polynomially equivalent to the asymmetric k-center problem and that the time-constrained version of the problem is polynomially equivalent to the dominating set problem. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr DIMACS, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Berger-Wolf, TY (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr DIMACS, CoRE Bldg,96 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM tanyabw@dimacs.rutgers.edu; wehart@sandia.gov; saia@cs.unm.edu NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 13 BP 1385 EP 1396 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.03.005 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 002VO UT WOS:000234640200001 ER PT J AU Dauffy, LS Braby, LA Berner, BM AF Dauffy, LS Braby, LA Berner, BM TI Au-198 seeds - Reply SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dauffy, LS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3863 EP 3863 DI 10.1118/1.2131088 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 002WV UT WOS:000234643700039 ER PT J AU Babu, SS Specht, ED David, SA Karapetrova, E Zschack, P Peet, M Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Babu, SS Specht, ED David, SA Karapetrova, E Zschack, P Peet, M Bhadeshia, HKDH TI In-situ observations of lattice parameter fluctuations in austenite and transformation to bainite SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INCUBATION PERIOD; STEEL; FE AB The isothermal transformation of high-carbon austenite-to-bainitic ferrite has been investigated with the in-situ technique of time-resolved X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The measurements indicate that prior to transformation, the austenite divided into regions with significantly different lattice parameters. It is possible that this is due to the development of carbon-rich and carbon-poor regions in the austenite, as a precursor to transformations including the bainite reaction. The lattice parameter became uniform as transformation progressed and the fraction of carbon-poor austenite decreased. The ferrite itself exhibited a large range of lattice parameters during the early stages of transformation, due to the trapping of carbon. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43017 USA. EM suresh_babu@ewi.org RI Peet, Mathew/B-9284-2009; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Peet, Mathew/0000-0002-0162-0063; Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 27 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36A IS 12 BP 3281 EP 3289 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0002-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 992EB UT WOS:000233866100002 ER PT J AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW AF Palmer, TA Elmer, JW TI Direct observations of the alpha ->gamma transformation at different input powers in the heat-affected zone of 1045 C-Mn steel arc welds observed by spatially ressolved X-ray diffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; DUAL-PHASE STEELS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; AUSTENITE; FERRITE; CARBON; REAUSTENITIZATION; KINETICS; MICROSTRUCTURES AB Spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) experiments have been performed during gas tungsten-arc (GTA) welding of AISI 1045 C-Mn steel at input powers ranging from 1000 to 3750 W. In-situ diffraction patterns taken at discreet locations across the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) near the peak of the heating cycle in each weld show regions containing austenite (gamma), ferrite and austenite (alpha + gamma), and ferrite (alpha). Changes in input power have a demonstrated effect on the resulting sizes of these regions. The largest effect is on the gamma phase region, which nearly triples in width with increasing input power, while the width of the surrounding two-phase alpha + gamma region remains. relatively constant. An analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained across this range of locations allows the formation of austenite from the base-metal microstructure to be monitored. After the completion of the alpha -> gamma transformation, a splitting of the austenite peaks is observed at temperatures between approximately 860 degrees C and 1290 degrees C. This splitting in the austenite peaks results from the dissolution of cementite laths originally present in the base-metal pearlite, which remain after the completion of the alpha -> gamma transformation, and represents the formation of a second more highly alloyed austenite constituent. With increasing temperatures, carbon, originally present in the cementite laths, diffuses from the second newly formed austenite constituent to the original austenite constituent. Eventually, a homogeneous austenitic microstructure is produced at temperatures of approximately 1300 degrees C and above, depending on the weld input power. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM palmer18@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36A IS 12 BP 3353 EP 3369 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0010-x PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 992EB UT WOS:000233866100010 ER PT J AU Ur, SC Nash, P Schwarz, R AF Ur, SC Nash, P Schwarz, R TI Mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Zn4Sb3 and Zn4Sb3+Zn directly synthesized using elemental powders SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE direct synthesis; thermoelectric; Young's modulus; fracture toughness; Zn4Sb3 ID TOUGHNESS AB Direct synthesis using elemental powders has been used to produce single-phase polycrystalline epsilon-Zn4Sb3 specimens as well as composite specimens having epsilon-Zn4Sb3 (majority phase) and Zn (minority phase). The effect of the Zn phase on the elastic, thermoelectric and mechanical properties was investigated in this alloy system. Thermoelectric properties of single-phase Zn4Sb3 at an ambient temperature are comparable to the published data for the sample prepared by a hot-pressing of ingot-melted alloy powders. Transport properties at room temperature were also evaluated. In addition, Young's modulus and the bulk modulus of polycrystalline Zn4Sb3 were measured using a resonant-ultrasonic technique. The fracture toughness in this alloy system was determined by measuring the length of cracks that formed at the corners of pyramidal indentations used for hardness tests. It is shown that the addition of Zn increases the fracture toughness, but this is achieved at the cost of reducing the thermoelectric figure of merit. C1 Chungju Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Ctr Sustainable ECoDevices & Mat, Chungbuk 380702, South Korea. IIT, Thermal Proc Technol, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ur, SC (reprint author), Chungju Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Ctr Sustainable ECoDevices & Mat, Chungbuk 380702, South Korea. EM scur@chungju.ac.kr OI Nash, Philip/0000-0003-2975-8512 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 J9 MET MATER-INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 002HD UT WOS:000234601200002 ER PT J AU Musson, LC Ho, P Plimpton, SJ Schmidt, RC AF Musson, LC Ho, P Plimpton, SJ Schmidt, RC TI Feature length-scale modeling of LPCVD and PECVD MEMS fabrication processes SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Montreux, FRANCE DE MEMS; CVD; LPCVD; PECVD; level-set method; feature scale ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON DIOXIDE; SIMULATION AB The surface micromachining processes used to manufacture MEMS devices and integrated circuits transpire at such small length scales and are sufficiently complex that a theoretical analysis of them is particularly inviting. Under development at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is Chemically Induced Surface Evolution with Level Sets (ChISELS), a level-set based feature-scale modeler of such processes. The theoretical models used, a description of the software and some example results are presented here. The focus to date has been of low-pressure and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, LPCVD and PECVD) processes. Both are employed in SNLs SUMMiT V technology. Examples of step coverage Of SiO2 into a trench by each of the LPCVD and PECVD process are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. React Design Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Musson, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lcmusso@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s00542-005-0011-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998UI UT WOS:000234345000022 ER PT J AU Dong, H Fan, LH Moon, KS Wong, CP Baskes, MI AF Dong, H Fan, LH Moon, KS Wong, CP Baskes, MI TI MEAM molecular dynamics study of lead free solder for electronic packaging applications SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The modified embedded atom method (MEAM) was employed in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MID) simulations to investigate whether a physical mixture of nano-Sn and nano-Ag particles at a prescribed ratio would achieve the same intermixing as a nano-Sn/Ag alloy. A SIT sphere and a Ag sphere both with a diameter of 4 nm were prepared by cutting the perfect bulk lattice structure. After energy minimization and structural relaxation, the two spheres were placed next to each other with a gap of 3 A. The simulation was then performed at 500 K for 3 ns. Simulation results showed that the nano-Ag sphere still maintained its crystalline structure and no significant diffusion between SIT and Ag was observed. Further simulations were performed at 800 K, 850 K, 900 K and 1000 K, respectively, in order to obtain the activation energy of interdiffusion between An and Sn. It was then predicted that 118 ns was required for SIT and Ag to mix with each other at 500 K. The results implied that a physical mixture of nano-Sn and nano-Ag particles may satisfy the requirements of lead free solder for low temperature (similar to 500 K) reflow applications. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dong, H (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cp.wong@mse.gatech.edu NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/13/8/006 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 000KO UT WOS:000234460700006 ER PT J AU Faiola, F Liu, XH Lo, SY Pan, SQ Zhang, KL Lymar, E Farina, A Martinez, E AF Faiola, F Liu, XH Lo, SY Pan, SQ Zhang, KL Lymar, E Farina, A Martinez, E TI Dual regulation of c-Myc by p300 via acetylation-dependent control of Myc protein turnover and coactivation of Myc-induced transcription SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN STAGA COMPLEX; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES; MYC/MAX/MAD NETWORK; GENE; CHROMATIN; BINDING; TRRAP; TIP60; ACTIVATION; COFACTOR AB The c-Myc oncoprotein (Myc) controls cell fate by regulating gene transcription in association with a DNA-binding partner, Max. While Max lacks a transcription regulatory domain, the N terminus of Myc contains a transcription activation domain (TAD) that recruits cofactor complexes containing the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) GCN5 and Tip60. Here, we report a novel functional interaction between Myc TAD and the p300 coactivator-acetyltransferase. We show that p300 associates with Myc in mammalian cells and in vitro through direct interactions with Myc TAD residues 1 to 110 and acetylates Myc in a TAD-dependent manner in vivo at several lysine residues located between the TAD and DNA-binding domain. Moreover, the Myc:Max complex is differentially acetylated by p300 and GCN5 and is not acetylated by Tip60 in vitro, suggesting distinct functions for these acetyltransferases. Whereas p300 and CBP can stabilize Myc independently of acetylation, p300-mediated acetylation results in increased Myc turnover. In addition, p300 functions as a coactivator that is recruited by Myc to the promoter of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, and p300/CBP stimulates Myc TAD-dependent transcription in a HAT domain-dependent manner. Our results suggest dual roles for p300/CBP in Myc regulation: as a Myc coactivator that stabilizes Myc and as an inducer of Myc instability via direct Myc acetylation. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, WM Keck Proteom Lab, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Martinez, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM ernest.martinez@ucr.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA100464, R01 CA100464] NR 37 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 23 BP 10220 EP 10234 DI 10.1128/MCB.25.23.10220-10234.2005 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 986MB UT WOS:000233452600002 PM 16287840 ER PT J AU Zhu, QW Pearson-White, S Luo, KX AF Zhu, QW Pearson-White, S Luo, KX TI Requirement for the SnoN oncoprotein in transforming growth factor beta-induced oncogenic transformation of fibroblast cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1 PROMOTER; TGF-BETA; SMAD PROTEINS; DIRECT BINDING; C-MYC; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MEDIATED INDUCTION; CDNA-CLONES; DNA-BINDING; SKI AB Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was originally identified by virtue of its ability to induce transformation of the AKR-2B and NRK fibroblasts but was later found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of epithelial, endothelial, and lymphoid cells. Although the growth-inhibitory pathway of TGF-beta mediated by the Smad proteins is well studied, the signaling pathway leading to the transforming activity of TGF-beta in fibroblasts is not well understood. Here we show that SnoN, a member of the Ski family of oncoproteins, is required for TGF-beta-induced proliferation and transformation of AKR-2B and NRK fibroblasts. TGF-beta induces upregulation of snoN expression in both epithelial cells and fibroblasts through a common Smad-dependent mechanism. However, a strong and prolonged activation of snoN transcription that lasts for 8 to 24 It is detected only in these two fibroblast lines. This prolonged induction is mediated by Smad2 and appears to play an important role in the transformation of both AKR-2B and NRK cells. Reduction of snoN expression by small interfering RNA or shortening of the duration of snoN induction by a pharmacological inhibitor impaired TGF-beta-induced anchorage-independent growth of AKR-2B cells. Interestingly, Smad2 and Smad3 play opposite roles in regulating snoN expression in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The Smad2/Smad4 complex activates snoN transcription by direct binding to the TGF-beta-responsive element in the snoN promoter, while the Smad3/Smad4 complex inhibits it through a novel Smad inhibitory site. Mutations of Smad4 that render it defective in heterodimerization with Smad3, which are found in many human cancers, convert the activity of Smad3 on the snoN promoter from inhibitory to stimulatory, resulting in increased snoN expression in cancer cells. Thus, we demonstrate a novel role of SnoN in the transforming activity of TGF-beta in fibroblasts and also uncovered a mechanism for the elevated SnoN expression in some human cancer cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Luo, KX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 16 Barker Hall,Mail Code 3204, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kluo@berkeley.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87940, R01 CA087940] NR 57 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 24 BP 10731 EP 10744 DI 10.1128/MCB.25.24.10731-10744.2005 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 990RZ UT WOS:000233762200006 PM 16314499 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Horita, J AF Chialvo, AA Horita, J TI Vapor-liquid equilibria and thermophysical behavior of the SPC-HW model for heavy water SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE heavy water; vapor-liquid equilibria; SPC-HW model; Gibbs Ensemble Monte-Carlo; second virial coefficient ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; COEXISTENCE PROPERTIES; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PAIR POTENTIALS; CRITICAL-POINT; SOLVENT AB The vapor-liquid coexistence curve of the simple point charge heavy-water model (SPC-HW), [J. Chem. Phys. , 114 , 8064-8067 (2001)] is determined by Gibbs Ensemble Monte-Carlo (GEMC) simulation. The estimated critical conditions of the model based on the Wegner-type expansion for the order parameters and the rectilinear diameter are rho(c) = 0.300 g/cc, T-c = 661 K and P-c = 156 bars. The dielectric constant determined by isothermal-isochoric molecular dynamics is underpredicted along the coexistence curve by 29-44% in comparison with the experimental values. The analysis of the orthobaric temperature dependence of the system microstructure, in terms of the three site-site radial distribution functions, indicates that the first coordination numbers for the oxygen-oxygen and the oxygen-deuterium interactions are similar to 4.3 0.1 and similar to 1.9 0.1 at T = 300 K, and decrease by 15 and 55%, respectively, at criticality. The dipole-dipole correlation functions show that the orientational order in heavy water is quickly lost beyond the first oxygen-oxygen coordination shell. The model's second virial coefficient is determined by Monte-Carlo integration and used to aid the interpretation of the predicted phase equilibrium results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 14-15 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.1080/08927020500412508 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 999JT UT WOS:000234386300009 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Charles, PA Blustin, AJ Livio, M O'Donoghue, D Heathcote, B AF McGowan, KE Charles, PA Blustin, AJ Livio, M O'Donoghue, D Heathcote, B TI XMM spectroscopy of the transient supersoft source RX J0513.9-6951: probing the dynamic white dwarf photosphere SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries; close - stars; individual; RX J0513.9-6951; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays; stars ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; X-RAY SOURCE; BINARY RX J0513.9-6951; RECURRENT NOVA; SOURCE CAL-83; MODELS; EVOLUTION; ACCRETION; SUPERNOVA; OUTBURST AB The highly luminous (>10(37) erg s(-1)) supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are believed to be Eddington-limited accreting white dwarfs undergoing surface hydrogen burning. The current paradigm for SSSs involves thermally unstable mass transfer from a 1-2 M circle dot companion. However, this model has never been directly confirmed and yet is crucial for the evolution of cataclysmic variables (CVs) in general, and for the establishment of SSSs as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae in particular. The key SSS is RX J0513.9 - 6951 which has recurrent X-ray outbursts every 100 - 200 d (lasting for similar to 40 d) during which the optical brightness declines by 1 mag. We present the first XMM observations of RX J0513.9 - 6951 through one of its optical low states. Our results show that as the optical low state progresses, the temperature and X-ray luminosity decrease, behaviour that is anti-correlated with the optical and ultraviolet (UV) emission. We find that as the optical (and UV) intensity recovers, the radius implied by the spectral fits increases. The high-resolution spectra show evidence of deep-absorption features which vary during the optical low state. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the white dwarf photospheric contraction model proposed by Southwell et al. C1 Mullar Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Barfold Observ, Glenhope, Vic 3444, Australia. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Mullar Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM km2@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; pac@saao.ac.za NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 364 IS 2 BP 462 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09566.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 984LZ UT WOS:000233307700009 ER PT J AU Califano, M Franceschetti, A Zunger, A AF Califano, M Franceschetti, A Zunger, A TI Temperature dependence of excitonic radiative decay in CdSe quantum dots: The role of surface hole traps SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DARK-EXCITON; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RESONANCE; INP; RECOMBINATION; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Using atomistic, semiempirical pseudopotential calculations, we show that if one assumes the simplest form of a surface state in a CdSe nanocrystal - an unpassivated surface anion site-one can explain theoretically several puzzling aspects regarding the observed temperature dependence of the radiative decay of excitons. In particular, our calculations show that the presence of surface states leads to a mixing of the dark and bright exciton states, resulting in a decrease of 3 orders of magnitude of the dark-exciton radiative lifetime. This result explains the persistence of the zero-phonon emission line at low temperature, for which thermal population of higher-energy bright-exciton states is negligible. Thus, we suggest that surface states are the controlling factor of dark-exciton radiative recombination in currently synthesized colloidal CdSe nanocrystals. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 28 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2360 EP 2364 DI 10.1021/nl051027p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000004 PM 16351178 ER PT J AU Ding, LH Stilwell, J Zhang, TT Elboudwarej, O Jiang, HJ Selegue, JP Cooke, PA Gray, JW Chen, FQF AF Ding, LH Stilwell, J Zhang, TT Elboudwarej, O Jiang, HJ Selegue, JP Cooke, PA Gray, JW Chen, FQF TI Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ARC-DISCHARGE; 2',5'-OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE; PULMONARY TOXICITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BINDING PROTEIN; MALONIC-ACID AB The increasing use of nanotechnology in consumer products and medical applications underlies the importance of understanding its potential toxic effects to people and the environment. Although both fullerene and carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated to accumulate to cytotoxic levels within organs of various animal models and cell types and carbon nanomaterials have been exploited for cancer therapies, the molecular and cellular mechanisms for cytotoxicity of this class of nanomaterial are not yet fully apparent. To address this question, we have performed whole genome expression array analysis and high content image analysis based phenotypic measurements on human skin fibroblast cell populations exposed to multiwall carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Here we demonstrate that exposing cells to MWCNOs and MWCNTs at cytotoxic doses induces cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis/necrosis. Expression array analysis indicates that multiple cellular pathways are perturbed after exposure to these nanomaterials at these doses, with material-specific toxigenomic profiles observed. Moreover, there are also distinct qualitative and quantitative differences in gene expression profiles, with each material at different dosage levels (6 and 0.6 mu g/mL for MWCNO and 0.6 and 0.06 mu g/mL for MWCNT). MWCNO and MWCNT exposure activates genes involved in cellular transport, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. MWCNTs induce genes indicative of a strong immune and inflammatory response within skin fibroblasts, while MWCNO changes are concentrated in genes induced in response to external stimuli. Promoter analysis of the microarray results demonstrate that interferon and p38/ERK-MAPK cascades are critical pathway components in the induced signal transduction contributing to the more adverse effects observed upon exposure to MWCNTs as compared to MWCNOs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chen, FQF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 977R0225A,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM f_chen@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA095393, CA 112970, P50 CA 112970, P50 CA 89520, P50 CA089520, R01 CA 95393-01, U54 CA112970, U54 CA112970-05] NR 93 TC 312 Z9 337 U1 4 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2448 EP 2464 DI 10.1021/nl051748o PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000021 PM 16351195 ER PT J AU Adiga, SP Brenner, DW AF Adiga, SP Brenner, DW TI Flow control through polymer-grafted smart nanofluidic channels: Molecular dynamics simulations SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; BRUSHES; SHEAR; MEMBRANE; DEFORMATION; RHEOLOGY; VALVES AB Presented are results of molecular dynamics simulations that demonstrate flow gating through a polymer-grafted nanopore as a function of effective solvent quality. Analysis of density and flow profiles from the simulations show that the difference in drag force exerted on the flowing solvent due to different polymer brush configurations produces the effective fluid gating. Shear-induced permeability changes through these nanopores has also been investigated. These results establish a critical starting point in nanofluidics from which continuum modeling can be developed to design this emerging class of smart nanoporous materials with tailor-made properties. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adiga, SP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM spadiga@anl.gov; Brenner@ncsu.edu RI Adiga, Shashishekar/A-8353-2008; Brenner, Donald/D-1741-2009 NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1021/nl051843x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000031 PM 16351205 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Kayastha, VK Yap, YK Fan, ZY Lu, JG Pan, ZW Ivanov, IN Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB AF Wang, JS Kayastha, VK Yap, YK Fan, ZY Lu, JG Pan, ZW Ivanov, IN Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB TI Low temperature growth of boron nitride nanotubes on substrates SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB High growth temperatures (> 1100 degrees C), low production yield, and impurities have prevented research progress and applications of boron nitride nanotubes; (BNNTs) in the past 10 years. Here, we show that BNNTs can be grown on substrates at 600 degrees C. These BNNTs are constructed of high-order tubular structures and can be used without purification. Tunneling spectroscopy indicates that their band gap ranges from 4.4 to 4.9 eV. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92679 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92679 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yap, YK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ykyap@mtu.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Lu, Jia Grace/I-7435-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Lu, Jia Grace/0000-0001-9908-4061; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Yap, Yoke Khin/0000-0002-1224-4120; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X NR 28 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2528 EP 2532 DI 10.1021/nl051859n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000035 PM 16351209 ER PT J AU Kwon, S Yan, XM Contreras, AM Liddle, JA Somorjai, GA Bokor, J AF Kwon, S Yan, XM Contreras, AM Liddle, JA Somorjai, GA Bokor, J TI Fabrication of metallic nanodots in large-area arrays by mold-to-mold cross imprinting (MTMCI) SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE-REDUCTION LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; NANOFABRICATION; NANOPARTICLES; TECHNOLOGY AB We have developed a mold-to-mold cross imprint (MTMCI) process, which redefines an imprint mold with another imprint mold. By performing MTMCI on two identical imprint molds with silicon spacer nanowires in a perpendicular arrangement, we fabricated a large array of sub-30-nm silicon nanopillars. Large-area arrays of Pt dots are then produced using nanoimprint lithography with the silicon nanopillar mold. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bokor, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbokor@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2557 EP 2562 DI 10.1021/nl051932+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998YY UT WOS:000234357000041 PM 16351215 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Prilliman, SG Erdonmez, CK Alivisatos, AP AF Clark, SM Prilliman, SG Erdonmez, CK Alivisatos, AP TI Size dependence of the pressure-induced gamma to alpha structural phase transition in iron oxide nanocrystals SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BULK MODULUS; TRANSFORMATION; ALPHA-FE2O3; GAMMA-FE2O3; NANOPARTICLES; COMPRESSION; DIFFRACTION AB The size trend for the pressure-induced gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite) to alpha-Fe2O3 (haematite) structural phase transition in nanocrystals has been observed. The transition pressure was found to increase with decreasing nanocrystal size: 7 nm nanocrystals transformed at 27 +/- 2 GPa, 5 nm ones at 34 +/- 3 GPa and 3 nm ones at 37 +/- 2 GPa. Annealing of a bulk sample of gamma-Fe2O3 was found to reduce the transition pressure from 35 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 2 GPa. The bulk modulus was determined as 262 +/- 6 GPa for 7 nm nanocrystals of gamma-Fe2O3, which is significantly higher than the value of 190 +/- 6 GPa that we measured for bulk samples. For alpha-Fe2O3, the bulk moduli for 7 nm nanocrystals (336 +/- 5) and the bulk (300 +/- 30) were found to be almost the same within error. The bulk modulus for the gamma phase was found to decrease with decreasing particle size between 10 and 3.2 nm particle size. Values for the ambient pressure molar volume were found within 1% to be: 33.0 cm(3) mol(-1) for bulk gamma-Fe2O3; 32.8 cm(3) Mol(-1) for 7 nm diameter gamma-Fe2O3 nanocrystals; 30.7 cm(3) mol(-1) for bulk alpha-Fe2O3; and 30.6 cm(3) mol(-1) for alpha-Fe2O3 nanocrystals. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, MS6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2813 EP 2818 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/12/013 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998FM UT WOS:000234304000021 ER PT J AU Stern, E Cheng, G Cimpoiasu, E Klie, R Guthrie, S Klemic, J Kretzschmar, I Steinlauf, E Turner-Evans, D Broomfield, E Hyland, J Koudelka, R Boone, T Young, M Sanders, A Munden, R Lee, T Routenberg, D Reed, MA AF Stern, E Cheng, G Cimpoiasu, E Klie, R Guthrie, S Klemic, J Kretzschmar, I Steinlauf, E Turner-Evans, D Broomfield, E Hyland, J Koudelka, R Boone, T Young, M Sanders, A Munden, R Lee, T Routenberg, D Reed, MA TI Electrical characterization of single GaN nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; ROUTE AB In this paper a statistically significant study of 1096 individual GaN nanowire (NW) devices is presented. We have correlated the effects of changing growth parameters for hot-wall chemically-vapour-deposited (HW-CVD) NWs fabricated via the vapour-liquid-solid mechanism. We first describe an optical lithographic method for creating Ohmic contacts to NW field effect transistors with both top and bottom electrostatic gates to characterize carrier density and mobility. Multiprobe measurements show that carrier modulation occurs in the channel and is not a contact effect. We then show that NW fabrication runs with nominally identical growth parameters yield similar electrical results across sample populations of > 50 devices. By systematically altering the growth parameters we were able to decrease the average carrier concentration for these as-grown GaN NWs similar to 10-fold, from 2.29 x 10(20) to 2.45 x 10(19) cm(-3), and successfully elucidate the parameters that exert the strongest influence on wire quality. Furthermore. this study shows that nitrogen vacancies, and not oxygen impurities, are the dominant intrinsic dopant in HW-CVD GaN NWs. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Stern, E (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.stern@yale.edu; guosheng.cheng@yale.edu RI Turner-Evans, Daniel/J-4488-2016; Cheng, Guosheng/S-3401-2016 OI Turner-Evans, Daniel/0000-0002-8020-0170; Cheng, Guosheng/0000-0003-4810-9403 NR 18 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2941 EP 2953 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/12/037 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998FM UT WOS:000234304000045 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, JD Fletcher, BL Hullander, ED Klein, KL Hensley, DK Melechko, AV Simpson, ML Doktycz, MJ AF Fowlkes, JD Fletcher, BL Hullander, ED Klein, KL Hensley, DK Melechko, AV Simpson, ML Doktycz, MJ TI Tailored transport through vertically aligned carbon nanofibre membranes; controlled synthesis, modelling, and passive diffusion experiments SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; FABRICATION; TIME AB The ability to control the permeability of a synthetic membrane structure formed by a spatially stochastic forest of vertically aligned carbon nanofibres is demonstrated. Control of membrane pore size and morphology was achieved by varying the thickness of a uniform, conformal coating of SiO2 on the nanofibre surfaces. Characterization of passive diffusion using fluorescence microscopy and labelled latex beads confirms the ability to alter membrane permeability. Further, statistically reproducible transport regimes are predicted for the spatially stochastic membrane as a function of the nanofibre diameter by a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Realizing predictable nanoscale behaviour in a microscopically random, statistical structure is essential for applications requiring controlled, species specific transport. C1 Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fowlkes, JD (reprint author), Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. EM jfowlkes@ornl.uov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3101 EP 3109 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/12/063 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 998FM UT WOS:000234304000071 ER PT J AU Bowie, JU AF Bowie, JU TI Solving the membrane protein folding problem SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID TRANSMEMBRANE ALPHA-HELICES; INTERHELICAL HYDROGEN-BONDS; SIDE-CHAINS; LIPID-BILAYER; CONDUCTING CHANNEL; POLAR INTERACTIONS; 2-STAGE MODEL; PACKING; STABILITY; SEQUENCE AB One of the great challenges for molecular biologists is to learn how a protein sequence defines its three-dimensional structure. For many years, the problem was even more difficult for membrane proteins because so little was known about what they looked like. The situation has improved markedly in recent years, and we now know over 90 unique structures. Our enhanced view of the structure universe, combined with an increasingly quantitative understanding of fold determination, engenders optimism that a solution to the folding problem for membrane proteins can be achieved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Proteom, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Proteom, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063919, R01 GM063919-07] NR 89 TC 298 Z9 301 U1 1 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7068 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1038/nature04395 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 988JY UT WOS:000233593100035 PM 16319877 ER PT J AU D'haeseleer, P AF D'haeseleer, P TI How does gene expression clustering work? SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; PATTERNS AB Clustering is often one of the first steps in gene expression analysis. How do clustering algorithms work, which ones should we use and what can we expect from them?. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP D'haeseleer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Biosci Directorate, POB 808,L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM patrikd@llnl.gov OI D'haeseleer, Patrik/0000-0003-0007-8150 NR 11 TC 210 Z9 217 U1 7 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1499 EP 1501 DI 10.1038/nbt1205-1499 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 992ED UT WOS:000233866300025 PM 16333293 ER PT J AU Huang, JX Kim, F Tao, AR Connor, S Yang, PD AF Huang, JX Kim, F Tao, AR Connor, S Yang, PD TI Spontaneous formation of nanoparticle stripe patterns through dewetting SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; NANOCRYSTALS; MONOLAYERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; INSTABILITY; ARRAYS; GOLD AB Significant advancement has been made in nanoparticle research, with synthetic techniques extending over a wide range of materials with good control over particle size and shape(1-6). A grand challenge is assembling and positioning the nanoparticles in desired locations to construct complex, higher-order functional structures. Controlled positioning of nanoparticles has been achieved in pre-defined templates fabricated by top-down approaches(7,8). A self-assembly method, however, is highly desirable because of its simplicity and compatibility with heterogeneous integration processes. Here we report on the spontaneous formation of ordered gold and silver nanoparticle stripe patterns on dewetting a dilute film of polymer-coated nanoparticles coating on a water surface. Well-aligned stripe patterns with tunable orientation, thickness and periodicity at the micrometre scale were obtained by transferring nanoparticles from a coating film onto a substrate in a dip-coating fashion. This facile technique opens up a new avenue for lithography-free patterning of nanoparticle arrays for various applications including, for example, multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman substrates and templated fabrication of higher-order nanostructures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, JX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Huang, Jiaxing/B-7521-2009; Huang, Jiaxing/A-9417-2012; OI Kim, Franklin/0000-0002-6548-6588 NR 30 TC 279 Z9 281 U1 18 U2 216 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 12 BP 896 EP 900 DI 10.1038/nmat1517 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 988QR UT WOS:000233616200010 PM 16284621 ER PT J AU Tse, JS Klug, DD Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Baumert, J Gutt, C Johnson, MR Press, W AF Tse, JS Klug, DD Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Baumert, J Gutt, C Johnson, MR Press, W TI Anharmonic motions of Kr in the clathrate hydrate SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TETRAHYDROFURAN HYDRATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; METHANE; KRYPTON; XENON; MODES AB The anomalous glass-like thermal conductivity of crystalline clathrates has been suggested to be the result of the scattering of thermal phonons of the framework by 'rattling' motions of the guests in the clathrate cages. Using the site-specific Kr-83 nuclear resonant inelastic scattering spectroscopy in combination with conventional incoherent inelastic neutron scattering and molecular-dynamics simulations, we provide unambiguous evidence and characterization of the effects on these guest-host interactions in a structure-II Kr clathrate hydrate. The resonant scattering of phonons led to unprecedented large anharmonic motions of the guest atoms. The anharmonic interaction underlies the anomalous thermal transport in this system. Clathrates are prototypical models for a class of crystalline framework materials with glass-like thermal conductivity. The explanation of the unusual molecular dynamics has a wide implication for the understanding of the thermal properties of disordered solids and structural glasses. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Tse, JS (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM john.tse@usask.ca RI Gutt, Christian/H-9846-2012; Gutt, Christian/F-6337-2013 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 12 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1038/nmat1525 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 988QR UT WOS:000233616200014 PM 16267573 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Daemen, LL Zhao, YS Zha, CS Downs, RT Wang, XD Wang, ZL Hemley, RJ AF Wang, ZW Daemen, LL Zhao, YS Zha, CS Downs, RT Wang, XD Wang, ZL Hemley, RJ TI Morphology-tuned wurtzite-type ZnS nanobelts SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-SULFIDE; NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; STABILITY; PRESSURE; CRYSTALS AB Nanometre-sized inorganic dots, wires and belts have a wide range of electrical and optical properties, and variable mechanical stability and phase-transition mechanisms that show a sensitive dependency on size, shape and structure. The optical properties of the semiconductor ZnS in wurtzite structures are considerably enhanced, but the lack of structural stability limits technological applications. Here, we demonstrate that morphology-tuned wurtzite ZnS nanobelts show a particular low-energy surface structure dominated by the +/-{2(1) over bar 0} surface facets. Experiments and calculations show that the morphology of ZnS nanobelts leads to a very high mechanical stability to similar to 6.8 GPa, and also results in an explosive mechanism for the wurtzite-to-sphalerite phase transformation together with in situ fracture of the nanobelts. ZnS wurtzite nanobelts provide a model that is useful not only for understanding the morphology-tuned stability and transformation mechanism, but also for improving synthesis of metastable nanobelts with quantum effects for electronic and optical devices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Xudong/A-7067-2009; Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; NR 26 TC 223 Z9 229 U1 10 U2 106 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 12 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1038/nmat1522 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 988QR UT WOS:000233616200015 PM 16284620 ER PT J AU Abbamonte, P Rusydi, A Smadici, S Gu, GD Sawatzky, GA Feng, DL AF Abbamonte, P Rusydi, A Smadici, S Gu, GD Sawatzky, GA Feng, DL TI Spatially modulated 'Mottness' in La2-xBaxCuO4 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED HOLES; SCATTERING; CHARGE; LA1.48ND0.4SR0.12CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORDER; MODEL; SPINS AB Competition between magnetism and the kinetic energy of mobile carriers (typically holes) in doped antiferromagnets may lead to 'stripe' phases(1-4), which are charged rivers separating regions of oppositely phased antiferromagnetism. In copper oxides the main experimental evidence for such coexisting static spin and charge order comes from neutron scattering in La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 (LNSCO; ref. 5) and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 (LBCO; ref. 6). However, as a neutron is neutral, it does not detect charge but rather its associated lattice distortion(7), so it is not known whether the stripes involve ordering of the doped holes. Here we present a study of the charge order in LBCO with resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSXS). We observe giant resonances near the Fermi level as well as near the correlated gap(8,9), demonstrating significant modulation in both the doped-hole density and the 'Mottness' or the degree to which the system resembles a Mott insulator(10). The peak-to-trough amplitude of the valence modulation is estimated to be 0.063 holes, which suggests(11) an integrated area of 0.59 holes under a single stripe, dose to the expected 0.5 for half-filled stripes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Abbamonte, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM abbamonte@mrl.uiuc.edu RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Rusydi, Andrivo/I-1849-2016 OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; NR 28 TC 237 Z9 237 U1 6 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1038/nphys178 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 006HK UT WOS:000234888400016 ER PT J AU Buchanan, KS Roy, PE Grimsditch, M Fradin, FY Guslienko, KY Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Buchanan, KS Roy, PE Grimsditch, M Fradin, FY Guslienko, KY Bader, SD Novosad, V TI Soliton-pair dynamics in patterned ferromagnetic ellipses SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX; VORTICES AB Confinement alters the energy landscape of nanoscale magnets, leading to the appearance of unusual magnetic states, such as vortices, for example. Many basic questions concerning dynamical and interaction effects remain unanswered, and nanomagnets are convenient model systems for studying these fundamental physical phenomena. A single vortex in restricted geometry, also known as a non-localized soliton, possesses a characteristic translational excitation mode that corresponds to spiral-like motion of the vortex core around its equilibrium position. Here, we investigate, by a microwave reflection technique, the dynamics of magnetic soliton pairs confined in lithographically defined, ferromagnetic Permalloy ellipses. Through a comparison with micromagnetic simulations, the observed strong resonances in the subgigahertz frequency range can be assigned to the translational modes of vortex pairs with parallel or antiparallel core polarizations. Vortex polarizations play a negligible role in the static interaction between two vortices, but their effect dominates the dynamics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Engn Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Buchanan, KS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM novosad@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 35 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1038/nphys173 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 006HK UT WOS:000234888400020 ER PT J AU Schaller, RD Agranovich, VM Klimov, VI AF Schaller, RD Agranovich, VM Klimov, VI TI High-efficiency carrier multiplication through direct photogeneration of multi-excitons via virtual single-exciton states SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELL EFFICIENCY; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; IMPACT IONIZATION; COLLOIDAL PBSE; CDSE AB We have previously demonstrated that absorption of a single photon by a nanocrystal quantum dot can generate multiple excitons with an efficiency of up to 100%. This effect, known as carrier multiplication, should lead to substantial improvements in the performance of a variety of optoelectronic and photocatalytic devices, including solar cells, low-threshold lasers and entangled photon sources. Here we present detailed analysis of the dynamics that govern the ultrafast growth of multi-exciton populations in CdSe and PbSe nanocrystals and propose a model of how such populations arise. Our analysis indicates that the generation of multi-excitons in these systems takes less than 200 fs, which suggests that it is an instantaneous event. We explain this in terms of their direct photogeneration via multiple virtual single-exciton states. This process relies on both the confinement-enhanced Coulomb coupling between single excitons and multi-excitons and the large spectral density of high-energy single- and multi-exciton resonances that occur in semiconductor nanocrystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Obl, Russia. Univ Texas, NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Schaller, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 349 Z9 351 U1 7 U2 104 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1038/nphys151 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 006HK UT WOS:000234888400023 ER PT J AU Spanggord, RJ Siu, F Ke, AL Doudna, JA AF Spanggord, RJ Siu, F Ke, AL Doudna, JA TI RNA-mediated interaction between the peptide-binding and GTPase domains of the signal recognition particle SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 4.5S RNA; SRP-RNA; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; RECEPTOR FTSY; PROTEIN; RIBOSOME; CORE; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN AB The signal recognition particle (SRP) targets nascent proteins to cellular membranes for insertion or secretion by recognizing polypeptides containing an N-terminal signal sequence as they emerge from the ribosome. GTP-dependent binding of SRP to its receptor protein leads to controlled release of the nascent chain into a membrane-spanning translocon pore. Here we show that the association of the SRP with its receptor triggers a marked conformational change in the complex, localizing the SRP RNA and the adjacent signal peptide-binding site at the SRP-receptor heterodimer interface. The orientation of the RNA suggests how peptide binding and GTP hydrolysis can be coupled through direct structural contact during cycles of SRP-directed protein translocation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM22778] NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1038/nsmb1025 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 990WQ UT WOS:000233774300022 PM 16299512 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Alia-Klein, N Cottone, LA Zhang, L Maloney, T Telang, F Caparelli, EC Swanson, JM Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Alia-Klein, N Cottone, LA Zhang, L Maloney, T Telang, F Caparelli, EC Swanson, JM Volkow, ND TI Decreased corticolimbic responset to monetary reward in cocaine addiction: Association with motivation and self-control SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Neuropsychopharmacology CY DEC 11-15, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Dept Psychiat C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 SU 1 BP S143 EP S144 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 986IA UT WOS:000233442100380 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ AF Wang, GJ TI Gastric stimulation activates brain satiety circuiy SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Neuropsychopharmacology CY DEC 11-15, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Dept Psychiat C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 SU 1 BP S230 EP S230 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 986IA UT WOS:000233442100596 ER PT J AU King, JS Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR McDonald, EP Giardina, CP Quinn, VS Karnosky, DF AF King, JS Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR McDonald, EP Giardina, CP Quinn, VS Karnosky, DF TI Tropospheric O-3 compromises net primary production in young stands of trembling aspen, paper birch and sugar maple in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE aspen FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment); elevated carbon dioxide; global change; net primary production (NPP); tropospheric ozone (O-3) ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; FOREST FACE EXPERIMENTS; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; PINUS-TAEDA; SOIL CARBON; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB Concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric ozone (O-3) are rising concurrently in the atmosphere, with potentially antagonistic effects on forest net primary production (NPP) and implications for terrestrial carbon sequestration. Using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, we exposed north-temperate forest communities to concentrations of CO2 and O-3 predicted for the year 2050 for the first 7 yr of stand development. Site-specific allometric equations were applied to annual nondestructive growth measurements to estimate above- and below-ground biomass and NPP for each year of the experiment. Relative to the control, elevated CO2 increased total biomass 25, 45 and 60% in the aspen, aspen-birch and aspen-maple communities, respectively. Tropospheric O-3 caused 23, 13 and 14% reductions in total biomass relative to the control in the respective communities. Combined fumigation resulted in total biomass response of -7.8, +8.4 and +24.3% relative to the control in the aspen, aspen-birch and aspen-sugar maple communities, respectively. These results indicate that exposure to even moderate levels of O-3 significantly reduce the capacity of NPP to respond to elevated CO2 in some forests. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM john_king@ncsu.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 80 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 168 IS 3 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01557.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 982HR UT WOS:000233149200014 PM 16313645 ER PT J AU Tuli, JK AF Tuli, JK TI Nuclear Data Sheets SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID ODD-ODD NUCLEI; A NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS; STATES C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tuli, JK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 4 BP I EP XI PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 997DH UT WOS:000234224700001 ER PT J AU Wu, SC AF Wu, SC TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=185 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; SHELL INTERNAL-IONIZATION; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; ODD-A NUCLEI; ANGULAR CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS; PHOTON-EMISSION PROBABILITIES; ELECTRON CAPTURE DECAY; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; FIRST EXCITED STATES; LIGHT GOLD ISOTOPES AB Evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=185 are presented together with the relevant level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies. This evaluation contains new data for Ta-185, Re-185, Os-185 and Tl-185 from heavy ion experiments, and data for Tl-185, Pb-185 and Bi-185 from alpha-decay work. The re-analyzed result of Pt-185 level structure from Au-185 E-decay is also included. The present evaluation supersedes the earlier one by E. Browne (1995BrO4), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 74, 165 (1995). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. RP Wu, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 306 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 4 BP 619 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2005.11.002 PG 192 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 997DH UT WOS:000234224700003 ER PT J AU Nica, N AF Nica, N TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=252 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; SPONTANEOUS FISSION PROPERTIES; ALPHA-DECAY PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE HALF-LIFE; ELEMENT 102; MENDELEVIUM ISOTOPES; ACTINIDE NUCLEI; ISOMERIC STATES; CROSS-SECTIONS; FRAGMENT-MASS AB Experimental data from various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides with mass number A=252 have been compiled and evaluated. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nica, N (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 91 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 4 BP 813 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2005.11.003 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 997DH UT WOS:000234224700004 ER PT J AU Hwang, SS Kim, HP Kim, JS Kasza, KE Park, J Shack, WJ AF Hwang, SS Kim, HP Kim, JS Kasza, KE Park, J Shack, WJ TI Leak behavior of SCC degraded steam generator tubings of nuclear power plant SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB A forced outage due to a steam generator tube leak in a Korean nuclear power plant has been reported [Kim, J.S., Hwang, S.S., et al., 1999. KAERI Internal Report (Korean). Destructive analysis on pulled tubes from Ulchin unit 1. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute]. Primary water stress corrosion cracking has occurred in many tubes in the plant, and they were repaired using sleeves or plugs. In order to develop proper repair criteria, it is necessary to understand the leak behavior of the tubes containing stress corrosion cracks. Cracked specimens were prepared using a room temperature cracking technique, and the leak rates and burst pressures of the degraded tubes were determined both at room temperature and at a high temperature. Some tubes with 100% through wall cracks did not show a leakage at 10.8 MPa, which is the typical pressure difference of the pressurized water reactors (PWRs) during a normal operation. In some tests, the leak rates of the tubes increased with time at a constant pressure. In a high temperature pressure test at 282 degrees C one specimen showed a very small leakage at 18.6 MPa, which stopped after a small increase in the test pressure. Because stress corrosion cracks can develop at relatively low stresses, even 100% through wall cracks can be so tight that they will not leak at a normal operating pressure. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hwang, SS (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, POB 105, Taejon, South Korea. EM sshwang@kaeri.re.kr NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 235 IS 23 BP 2477 EP 2484 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.06.013 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 987FJ UT WOS:000233503500003 ER PT J AU Tyacke, MJ Anderson, T AF Tyacke, MJ Anderson, T TI Learning by doing SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tyacke, MJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILMINGTON PUBLISHING PI SIDCUP PA WILMINGTON HOUSE, MAIDSTONE RD, FOOTS CRAY, SIDCUP DA14 SHZ, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 617 BP 30 EP + PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 997HO UT WOS:000234236300015 ER PT J AU Choe, W Kim, J Ono, M AF Choe, W Kim, J Ono, M TI Solenoid-free toroidal plasma start-up concepts utilizing only the outer poloidal field coils and a conducting centre-post SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; REACTOR; JT-60U AB Eventual elimination of the in-board Ohmic heating solenoid is required for the spherical torus (ST) to function as a compact component test facility and as an attractive fusion power plant. An in-board Ohmic solenoid, along with the shielding needed for its insulation, can dramatically increase the size and, hence, the cost of the plant. Advanced tokamak reactor designs also assume no or a small in-board solenoid to reduce the size and cost of the plant. In addition, elimination of the in-board solenoid greatly reduces the coil stresses and simplifies the coil design. Here, we investigate using static as well as dynamic codes in ST geometries with two complementary solenoid-free plasma start-up approaches: one utilizes only the outer poloidal field coils to create a relatively high quality field null region while retaining significant poloidal flux, and the other takes advantage of the poloidal flux stored in the conducting centre-post to create a start-up condition similar to that of the conventional Ohmic solenoid method. We find that it is therefore possible to come up with a promising configuration, which produces a quality multi-pole field-null and sufficient loop-voltage needed for plasma initiation and significant poloidal flux for subsequent current ramp-up. The present solenoid-free start-up concept, if proved feasible, can be readily extended to higher field devices due to relatively simple physics principles and favourable scaling with the device size and toroidal field. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Choe, Wonho/C-1556-2011 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1463 EP 1473 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/001 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300004 ER PT J AU Ishikawa, M Takechi, M Shinohara, K Kusama, Y Cheng, CZ Matsunaga, G Todo, Y Gorelenkov, NN Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Fukuyama, A Krasilnikov, VA Kashuck, Y Nishitani, T Morioka, A Sasao, M Isobe, M AF Ishikawa, M Takechi, M Shinohara, K Kusama, Y Cheng, CZ Matsunaga, G Todo, Y Gorelenkov, NN Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Fukuyama, A Krasilnikov, VA Kashuck, Y Nishitani, T Morioka, A Sasao, M Isobe, M CA JT-60 Team TI Energetic ion transport by abrupt large-amplitude event induced by negative-ion-based neutral beam injection in the JT-60U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DIAMOND DETECTOR; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; REACTIVITIES; FREQUENCY; DRIVEN; RANGE; MODES; FIELD AB To investigate energetic ion transport induced by bursting modes in the frequency range of Alfven eigenmodes, which is called abrupt large-amplitude events (ALEs) driven by negative-ion-based neutral beam (N-NB) injection, neutron emission profile measurement and charge exchange (CX) neutral particle (flux) measurement using a natural diamond detector have been performed simultaneously in JT-60U. It is found from the CX neutral particle (flux) measurement that energetic neutral particles in a limited energy range (100-370 keV) are enhanced due to ALEs, and the neutron radial profile is flattened. The change in the energetic ion density profile inferred from these measurements indicates that ALEs expel energetic ions from the core region of the plasma and induce both redistribution and loss of energetic ions. It has been shown that the energy range of transported energetic ions is consistent with a resonance condition between energetic ions and ALEs, and the energetic ion transport results from the resonant interaction between energetic ions and ALEs. Further, a fraction of the energetic ion loss has been quantitatively estimated to be similar to 4%. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Troitsk Inst Innovating & Fus Res, TRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Ishikawa, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. EM ishikawm@fusion.naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Todo, Yasushi/E-7525-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015 OI Todo, Yasushi/0000-0001-9323-8285; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1474 EP 1480 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/002 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300005 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Osborne, TH Leonard, AW Snyder, PB Thomas, DM Boedo, JA Casper, TA Groebner, RJ Groth, M Kempenaars, MAH Loarte, A McKee, GR Meyer, WM Saibene, G VanZeeland, MA Xu, XQ Zeng, L AF Fenstermacher, ME Osborne, TH Leonard, AW Snyder, PB Thomas, DM Boedo, JA Casper, TA Groebner, RJ Groth, M Kempenaars, MAH Loarte, A McKee, GR Meyer, WM Saibene, G VanZeeland, MA Xu, XQ Zeng, L CA DIII-D Team TI Structure, stability and ELM dynamics of the H-mode pedestal in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; ALCATOR C-MOD; DENSITY PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; ASDEX UPGRADE; CONFINEMENT-MODE; BALLOONING STABILITY; I ELMS; DIVERTOR; PLASMA AB Experiments are described that have increased our understanding of the transport and stability physics that set the H-mode edge pedestal width and height, determine the onset of Type-l edge localized modes (ELMs) and produce the nonlinear dynamics of the ELM perturbation in the pedestal and scrape-off layer (SOL). Models now exist for the n(e) pedestal profile and the Pe height at the onset of Type-l ELMs, and progress has been made towards models of, pedestal width and nonlinear ELM evolution. Similarity experiments between DIII-D and JET suggested that the T-e neutral penetration physics plays an important role in the relationship between the width and height of the n(e) pedestal. Plasma physics appears to dominate in setting the T, pedestal width. Measured pedestal conditions including edge current at ELM onset agree with intermediate-n peeling-ballooning (P-B) stability predictions. Midplane ELM dynamics data show the predicted (P-B) structure at the ELM onset, large rapid variations of the SOL parameters and fast radial propagation in later phases, similar to features in nonlinear ELM simulations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EURATOM, FOM, TEC, FOM Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA CSU, Garching, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM max.fenstermacher@gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 77 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1502 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300007 ER PT J AU Krasilnikov, AV Sasao, M Kaschuck, YA Nishitani, T Batistoni, P Zaveryaev, VS Popovichev, S Iguchi, T Jarvis, ON Kallne, J Fiore, CL Roquemore, AL Heidbrink, WW Fisher, R Gorini, G Prosvirin, DV Tsutskikh, AY Donne, AJH Costley, AE Walker, CI AF Krasilnikov, AV Sasao, M Kaschuck, YA Nishitani, T Batistoni, P Zaveryaev, VS Popovichev, S Iguchi, T Jarvis, ON Kallne, J Fiore, CL Roquemore, AL Heidbrink, WW Fisher, R Gorini, G Prosvirin, DV Tsutskikh, AY Donne, AJH Costley, AE Walker, CI TI Status of ITER neutron diagnostic development SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION AB Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented. C1 SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. JAERI, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. FERC, Frascati, Italy. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, RRC, Moscow 123182, Russia. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Univ Uppsala, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. MIT, PPL, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. GA, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. FOM, Rijnhuizen, Netherlands. ITER IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. ITER IT, Garching, Germany. RP Krasilnikov, AV (reprint author), SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. EM anatoli@triniti.ru RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/005 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300008 ER PT J AU Wood, RD Hill, DN Hooper, EB Woodruff, S McLean, HS Stallard, BW AF Wood, RD Hill, DN Hooper, EB Woodruff, S McLean, HS Stallard, BW TI Improved operation of the SSPX spheromak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; SUSTAINMENT AB We present significant advances in the performance and understanding of the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX). High performance discharges are obtained by adjusting the injected current and bias magnetic flux to produce a flat to slightly peaked radial current profile, consistent with reducing the drive for tearing and other MHD modes. Wall conditioning and density control are also essential for obtaining high performance discharges. With these optimizations, plasmas with peak electron temperatures of similar to 350 eV, edge magnetic fluctuation levels less than 1% and core thermal diffusivities (chi(e)) < 10m(2) s(-1) are produced. Most SSPX temperature data are bounded by beta e similar to 5% but differentiating between a stability limit and simple energy transport, until now, has not been possible. Achieving these high performance discharges enables us to consider the possibly of auxiliary heating of a spheromak for the first time. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wood, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wood11@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1582 EP 1588 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/013 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300016 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Stangeby, PC Watkins, JG Whyte, DG Zeng, L Brooks, NH Doerner, RP Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, SI Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR McLean, AG Pigarov, AY Wampler, WR Wang, G West, WP Wong, CPC AF Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Stangeby, PC Watkins, JG Whyte, DG Zeng, L Brooks, NH Doerner, RP Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, SI Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR McLean, AG Pigarov, AY Wampler, WR Wang, G West, WP Wong, CPC TI Far SOL transport and main wall plasma interaction in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; D TOKAMAK; ASDEX UPGRADE; EDGE PLASMA; INTERMITTENT CONVECTION; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; DIVERTOR TOKAMAK; BOUNDARY; TURBULENCE AB Far Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) and near-wall plasma parameters in DIII-D depend strongly on the discharge parameters and confinement regime. In L-mode discharges cross-field transport increases with the average discharge density and flattens far SOL profiles, thus increasing plasma contact with the low field side (LFS) main chamber wall. In H-mode between edge localized modes (ELMs) the plasma-wall contact is weaker than in L-mode. During ELM fluxes of particles and heat to the LFS wall increase transiently above the L-mode values. Depending on the discharge conditions, ELMs are responsible for 30-90% of the net ion flux to the outboard chamber wall. ELMs in high density discharges feature intermittent transport events similar to those observed in L-mode and attributed to blobs of dense hot plasma formed inside the separatrix and propagating radially outwards. Though the blobs decay with radius, some of them survive long enough to reach the outer wall and possibly cause sputtering. In lower density H-modes, ELMs can feature blobs of pedestal density propagating all the way to the outer wall. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. EM rudakov@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 57 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1589 EP 1599 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/014 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300017 ER PT J AU Takenaga, H Asakura, N Kubo, H Higashijima, S Konoshima, S Nakano, T Oyama, N Porter, GD Rognlien, TD Rensink, ME Ide, S Fujita, T Takizuka, T Kamada, Y Miura, Y AF Takenaga, H Asakura, N Kubo, H Higashijima, S Konoshima, S Nakano, T Oyama, N Porter, GD Rognlien, TD Rensink, ME Ide, S Fujita, T Takizuka, T Kamada, Y Miura, Y CA JT-60 Team TI Compatibility of advanced tokamak plasma with high density and high radiation loss operation in JT-60U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; H-MODE PLASMAS; PARTICLE CONTROL; DIII-D; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CONFINEMENT; IMPURITY; DISCHARGES; HEAT AB Compatibility of advanced tokamak plasmas with high density and high radiation loss has been investigated in both reversed shear (RS) plasmas and high beta(p) H-mode plasmas with a weak positive shear on JT-60U. In the RS plasmas, the operating regime is extended to high density above the Greenwald density (n(GW)) with high confinement (H H-y2 > 1) and high radiation loss fraction (f(rad) > 0.9) by tailoring the internal transport barriers (ITBs). With a small plasma-wall gap, the radiation loss in the main plasma (inside the magnetic separatrix) reaches 80% of the heating power due to metal impurity accumulation. However, high confinement of H H-y2 = 1.2 is sustained even with such a large radiation loss in the main plasma. By neon seeding, the divertor radiation loss is enhanced from 20% to 40% of the total radiation loss. In the high beta(p) H-mode plasmas, high confinement (H H-y2 = 0.96) is maintained at high density ((n) over bar (e)/n(GW) = 0.92) with high radiation loss fraction (f(rad) similar to 1) by utilizing high-field-side pellets and argon (Ar) injection. The high (n) over bar (e)/n(GW) is attributed to the formation of strong density ITB. Strong core-edge parameter linkage for confinement improvement is observed, where the pedestal pressure and the core plasma confinement increase together. The measured radiation profile including contributions from all impurities in the main plasma is peaked, and the central radiation is ascribed to the contribution from Ar accumulated inside the ITB. Impurity transport analyses indicate that the Ar density profile, twice as peaked as the electron density profile, which is the same level as that observed in the high Pp H-mode plasma, can yield an acceptable radiation profile even with a peaked density profile in a fusion reactor. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Takenaga, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM takenaga@naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015 OI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1618 EP 1627 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/017 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300020 ER PT J AU West, WP Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Snyder, PB Gohil, P Lao, LL Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Nave, MFF Osborne, TH Thomas, DM Wang, G Zeng, L AF West, WP Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Snyder, PB Gohil, P Lao, LL Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Nave, MFF Osborne, TH Thomas, DM Wang, G Zeng, L TI Edge stability of the ELM-free quiescent H-mode on DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; ARBITRARY COLLISIONALITY; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; QH-MODE; PEDESTAL; PLASMAS; OPERATION; PROFILES AB The quiescent H (QH) mode, an edge localized mode (ELM)-free and high-confinement mode, combines well with an internal transport barrier to form quiescent double barrier stationary state, high performance plasmas. The QH-mode edge pedestal pressure is similar to that seen in ELMing phases of the same discharge, with similar global energy confinement. The pedestal density in early ELMing phases of strongly pumped counter injection discharges drops, and a transition to QH-mode occurs, leading to lower calculated edge bootstrap current. The plasmas current ramp experiment and ELITE code modelling of edge stability suggest that QH-modes lie near an edge current stability boundary. At high triangularity, QH-mode discharges operate at higher pedestal density and pressure and have achieved ITER level values of beta(PED) and nu*. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM Assoc, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. EM west@fusion.gat.com RI Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013 OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1708 EP 1714 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/027 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300030 ER PT J AU Okabayashi, M Bialek, J Bondeson, A Chance, MS Chu, MS Garofalo, AM Hatcher, R In, Y Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Jensen, TH Katsuro-Hopkins, O La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Navratil, GA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ Takechi, M Turnbull, AD Gohil, P Kim, JS Makowski, MA Manickam, J Menard, J AF Okabayashi, M Bialek, J Bondeson, A Chance, MS Chu, MS Garofalo, AM Hatcher, R In, Y Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Jensen, TH Katsuro-Hopkins, O La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Navratil, GA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ Takechi, M Turnbull, AD Gohil, P Kim, JS Makowski, MA Manickam, J Menard, J TI Control of the resistive wall mode with internal coils in the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; HIGH-BETA; ROTATION; PLASMAS; SHEAR AB Internal coils, 'I-Coils', were installed inside the vacuum vessel of the DIII-D device to generate non-axisymmetric magnetic fields to act directly on the plasma. These fields are predicted to stabilize the resistive wall mode (RWM) branch of the long-wavelength external kink mode with plasma beta close to the ideal wall limit. Feedback using these I-Coils was found to be more effective as compared to using external coils located outside the vacuum vessel. Locating the coils inside the vessel allows for a faster response and the coil geometry also allows for better coupling to the helical mode structure. Initial results were reported previously (Strait E.J. et al 2004 Phys. Plasmas 112505). This paper reports on results from extended feedback stabilization operations, achieving plasma parameters up to the regime of C beta approximate to 1.0 and open loop growth rates of gamma(open) tau(w) greater than or similar to 25 where the RWM was predicted to be unstable with only the 'rotational viscous stabilization mechanism'. Here C beta approximate to (beta - beta(no-wall.limit))/(beta(ideal.limit) - beta(no-wall.limit)) is a measure of the beta relative to the stability limits without a wall and with a perfectly conducting wall, and tau(w) is the resistive flux penetration time of the wall. These feedback experimental results clarified the processes of dynamic error field correction and direct RWM stabilization, both of which took place simultaneously during RWM feedback stabilization operation. MARS-F modelling provides a critical rotation velocity in reasonable agreement with the experiment and predicts that the growth rate increases rapidly as rotation decreases below the critical. The MARS-F code also predicted that for successful RWM magnetic feedback, the characteristic time of the power supply should be limited to a fraction of the growth time of the targeted RWM. The possibility of further improvements in the presently achievable range of operation of feedback gain values is also discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RP Okabayashi, M (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM mokabaya@pppl.gov OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 28 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1715 EP 1731 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/12/028 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 000HQ UT WOS:000234452300031 ER PT J AU Kopp, SE Indurthy, D Pavlovich, Z Proga, M Zwaska, R Childress, S Ford, R Kendziora, C Kobilarcik, T Moore, C Tassotto, G AF Kopp, SE Indurthy, D Pavlovich, Z Proga, M Zwaska, R Childress, S Ford, R Kendziora, C Kobilarcik, T Moore, C Tassotto, G TI Beam test of a segmented foil SEM grid SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE particle beam; instrumentation; secondary electron emission ID SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION; MONITOR; STABILITY AB A prototype Secondary-electron Emission Monitor (SEM) was installed in the 8 GeV proton transport line for the MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab. The SEM is a segmented grid made with 5 mu m Ti foils, intended for use in the 120GeV NuMl beam at Fermilab. Similar to previous workers, we found that the full collection of the secondary electron signal requires a bias voltage to draw the ejected electrons cleanly off the foils, and this effect is more pronounced at larger beam intensity. The beam centroid and width resolutions of the SEM were measured at beam widths of 3, 7, and 8mm, and compared to calculations. Extrapolating the data from this beam test, we expect a centroid and width resolutions of delta x(beam) = 20 mu m and delta sigma(beam) = 25 mu m, respectively, in the NuMl beam which has 1 mm spot size. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kopp, SE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kopp@mail.hep.utexas.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 554 IS 1-3 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.076 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 993TR UT WOS:000233978500012 ER PT J AU Petit, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D Wender, SA Bond, EM Bredewe, TA Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Danon, Y AF Petit, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D Wender, SA Bond, EM Bredewe, TA Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Danon, Y TI A compensated fission detector based on photovoltaic cells SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE fission; fission detection; compensated detector; lead slowing-down spectrometer; photovoltaic cells ID NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; CROSS-SECTION AB Standard techniques of event-by-event detection of fission may fail when operated in high gamma-ray or particle radiation environments. This is the case within the 800 MeV proton-driven lead slowing-down neutron spectrometer at LANSCE where standard fission detectors are found to be inoperable for microseconds to milliseconds after each proton pulse. To overcome this problem, a simple fission fragment detector based on compensated photovoltaic cells has been developed. The compensated detector has lower susceptibility to the strong gamma-flash and can recover much faster than an uncompensated detector. This detector is well adapted to applications involving the detection of fission in regions where high intensity gamma-ray and/or particle radiation fields exist. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, Serv Phys Nucl, DAM, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 2, MS H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, C INC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Granier, T (reprint author), CEA, Serv Phys Nucl, DAM, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM thierry.granier@cea.fr RI Danon, Yaron/B-5159-2009; OI Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 554 IS 1-3 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.093 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 993TR UT WOS:000233978500029 ER PT J AU Buffet, JC Clergeau, JF Cooper, RG Darpentigny, J De Laulany, A Fermon, C Fetal, S Fraga, F Guerard, B Kampmann, R Kastenmueller, A Mc Intyre, GJ Manzin, G Meilleur, F Millier, F Rhodes, N Rosta, L Schooneveld, E Smith, GC Takahashi, H Van Esch, P Van Vuure, TL Zeitelhack, K AF Buffet, JC Clergeau, JF Cooper, RG Darpentigny, J De Laulany, A Fermon, C Fetal, S Fraga, F Guerard, B Kampmann, R Kastenmueller, A Mc Intyre, GJ Manzin, G Meilleur, F Millier, F Rhodes, N Rosta, L Schooneveld, E Smith, GC Takahashi, H Van Esch, P Van Vuure, TL Zeitelhack, K TI Advances in detectors for single crystal neutron diffraction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE drift chamber; neutron diffraction; scintillation; MSGC ID MICROSTRIP GAS CHAMBER; HIGH-PRESSURE XENON; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; DRIFT CHAMBER; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY; READOUT; COUNTER AB Parallax error severely limits the use of gas detectors for neutron and X-ray single-crystal diffractometry. This is particularly the case in Neutron Macromolecule Crystallography (NMC), where a large solid angle is needed. High-resolution cylindrical detectors based on Neutron Image Plates provide a large angular coverage but they are gamma sensitive and do not allow time-resolved measurements. We describe the principle of a gas counter.. the multi-blade Microstrip Gas Chamber (MSGC), which has the potential to design parallax-free cylindrical detectors. It contains radial MSGC plates, providing a partitioning of the gas volume and a segmentation of the signal readout. The axial coordinate is measured by reading out the charge signal on the anodes and the trans-axial coordinate is deduced from the electron drift distance measured optically using the time difference between the primary and the avalanche Expected characteristics are a sub-millimeter position resolution, it sub-microsecond time resolution, and a global counting rate greater than 10(7) s(-1). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. SNS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37821 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. LIP, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. BNC, Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Budapest, Hungary. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Guerard, B (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM guerard@ill.fr OI Fraga, Francisco/0000-0002-7028-2651; Fetal, Susete/0000-0002-7970-1082 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 554 IS 1-3 BP 392 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.018 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 993TR UT WOS:000233978500035 ER PT J AU Bogdan, M Frisch, H Heintz, M Paramonov, A Sanders, H Chappa, S DeMaat, R Klein, R Miao, T Wilson, P Phillips, TJ AF Bogdan, M Frisch, H Heintz, M Paramonov, A Sanders, H Chappa, S DeMaat, R Klein, R Miao, T Wilson, P Phillips, TJ TI A 96-channel FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) and fast trigger processor module with multi-hit capability and pipeline SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE TDC; FPGA; pipelined; multi-hit; fast trigger processer ID INTERVAL MEASUREMENTS; RESOLUTION; TRACKER AB We describe an field-programmable gate arrays based (FPGA), 96-channel, Time-to-Digital converter (TDC) and trigger logic board intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) [T. Affolder et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 526 (2004) 249] in the CDF Experiment [The CDF-II detector is described in the CDF Technical Design Report (TDR), FERMILAB-Pub-96/390-E. The TDC described here is intended as a further upgrade beyond that described in the TDR] at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each serving 96 wires of the chamber. The TDC is physically configured as a 9U VME card. The functionality is almost entirely programmed in firmware in two Altera Stratix FPGAs. The special capabilities of this device are the availability of 840 MHz LVDS inputs, multiple phase-locked clock modules, and abundant memory. The TDC system operates with an input resolution of 1.2 ns, a minimum input pulse width of 4.8 ns and a minimum separation of 4.8 ns between pulses. Each input can accept up to 7 hits per collision. The time-to-digital conversion is done by first sampling each of the 96 inputs in 1.2-ns bins and filling a circular memory; the memory addresses of logical transitions (edges) in the input data are then translated into the time of arrival and width of the COT pulses. Memory pipelines with a depth of 5.5 mu s allow deadtime-less operation in the first-level trigger; the data are multiple-buffered to diminish deadtime in the second-level trigger. The complete process of edge-detection and filling of buffers for readout takes 12 mu s. The TDC VME interface allows a 64-bit Chain Block Transfer of multiple boards in a crate with transfer-rates up to 47 M bytes/s. The TDC module also produces prompt trigger data every Tevatron crossing via a deadtimeless fast logic path that can be easily reprogrammed. The trigger bits are clocked onto the P3 VME backplane connector with a 22-ns clock for transmission to the trigger. The full TDC design and multi-card test results are described. There is no measurable cross-talk between channels; linearity is limited by the least-count time bin. The physical simplicity ensures low-maintenance; the functionality being in firmware allows reprogramming for other applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Paramonov, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM paramon@hep.uchicago.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 554 IS 1-3 BP 444 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.071 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 993TR UT WOS:000233978500040 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Henderson, DJ Seweryniak, D Tanihata, I Rehm, KE Davids, CN Peterson, D Back, BB Collon, P Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Kurtz, S Lister, CJ Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, TO Shumard, B Sinha, S Tang, XD Zhu, S AF Jiang, CL Henderson, DJ Seweryniak, D Tanihata, I Rehm, KE Davids, CN Peterson, D Back, BB Collon, P Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Kurtz, S Lister, CJ Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, TO Shumard, B Sinha, S Tang, XD Zhu, S TI A new focal-plane detector system for low fusion-evaporation cross section measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE focal plane detector; fusion evaporation residues; sub-barrier fusion ID FRAGMENT MASS ANALYZER; SUBBARRIER FUSION; ATLAS AB A new focal-plane detector system has been designed and constructed for measuring very small heavy-ion induced fusion-evaporation cross sections with the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA) at Argonne National Laboratory. The system has been tested and successfully used in a fusion-evaporation excitation function measurement for Ni-64+Mo-100 down to the 5 nb level. The design and performance of the detector system are described in detail with some examples from the latest data. Besides excellent tracking capabilities for each event measured in the detector, Suppression of scattered beam background of the order of 4 x 10(-17) has been demonstrated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-90914 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jiang@phy.anl.gov RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 554 IS 1-3 BP 500 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.089 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 993TR UT WOS:000233978500045 ER PT J AU Macek, JH Sternberg, J AF Macek, JH Sternberg, J TI Hyperspherical adiabatic potentials for 3-fermion threshold interactions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE fermion; hyperspherical ID 3-BODY RECOMBINATION AB The interest in trapping of cold particles and other low-energy phenomena has stimulated research on threshold processes for three body systems. Such processes are efficiently modeled using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. For threshold processes the behavior of the adiabatic curves at large hyperradius play a crucial role. These curves may be modeled using energy dependent zero range potentials. We employ such potentials for the case of three fermions where the two-body systems can be bound in p-wave bound states. Calculated adiabatic potential curves are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macek, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jmacek@utk.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.228 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000006 ER PT J AU Crowell, RA Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Korovyanko, O Gosztola, DJ Li, YL Rey-de-Castro, R AF Crowell, RA Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Korovyanko, O Gosztola, DJ Li, YL Rey-de-Castro, R TI Motivation and development of ultrafast laser-based accelerator techniques for chemical physics research SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE radiation chemistry; ultrafast phenomena; terawatt lasers; X-ray generation; electron acceleration; laser wakefield accelerator ID LIQUID WATER; RELATIVISTIC PLASMAS; ELECTRON; IONIZATION; DRIVEN; PULSES AB The products of radiation induced chemical reactions are determined by rapid primary processes such as energy transfer, thermalization and solvation. Ultrafast photoionization experiments on liquid water demonstrate that these initial events occur on time scales < 5 ps and involve a complicated interplay between electronic relaxation and vibrational energy redistribution. These experiments also show that the chemical processes originating from ionizing radiation are unique and cannot be reproduced by laser photons alone. Due to the lack of a suitable femtosecond source of ionizing radiation, knowledge of the primary processes in radiation chemistry remains poor. To address this issue a 20 TW laser system has been constructed to obtain subpicosecond electron pulses with energies in the 1-10 Mev range. In addition to the production of femtosecond electron pulses, future efforts will be directed towards using this laser for accelerating heavier particles such as protons and generating hard X-rays. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Crowell, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.230 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000008 ER PT J AU Flanz, J Doyle, B AF Flanz, J Doyle, B TI Janet M. Sisterson - Dedication SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Flanz, J (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP XIV EP XV DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.212 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000004 ER PT J AU Quarles, CA Portillo, S AF Quarles, CA Portillo, S TI Review of bremsstrahlung experiments with free gas atom targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE bremsstrahlung; absolute cross-sections ID FIELD BREMSSTRAHLUNG; ELECTRONS AB Absolute doubly differential bremsstrahlung cross-sections from Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe have been measured for electron bombarding energies of 28 and 50 keV. Bremsstrahlung photons have been detected at 90 degrees to the incident electron beam at energies ranging from 5 keV up to the kinematic endpoint. The data have been compared with two theoretical models: ordinary bremsstrahlung and total bremsstrahlung, which includes polarizational bremsstrahlung from the target atom, calculated in the stripping approximation. The data disagree with ordinary bremsstrahlung and provide definitive evidence for a contribution of polarizational bremsstrahlung. The results suggest the importance of interference between the ordinary and polarization amplitudes that is neglected in the stripping approximation. Recently, an additional background has been recognized that can affect the data for gas targets particularly at higher energy. Estimates of the effect of this background on the present data will be discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Pulse Power Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quarles, CA (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, TCU Box 298840, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM c.quarles@tcu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.231 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000009 ER PT J AU Grime, G Doyle, B AF Grime, G Doyle, B TI J.L. (Iain) Campbell - Dedication SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grime, G (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP XVI EP XVII DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.211 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000005 ER PT J AU Merabet, H Kondagari, S Bruch, R Fulling, S Hahto, S Leung, KL Reijonen, J Godunov, AL Schipakov, VA AF Merabet, H Kondagari, S Bruch, R Fulling, S Hahto, S Leung, KL Reijonen, J Godunov, AL Schipakov, VA TI EUV emission from xenon in the 10-80 nm wavelength range using a compact ECR ion source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE EUV emission; xenon atomic spectra; 13.4 nm; plasma discharge; EUV lithography ID EXTENDED ANALYSIS; IONIZED XENON; CONFIGURATIONS; IONIZATION; XEIX AB In this work we have studied the generation of EUV light by a novel compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source (CECRIS). The EUV emission diagnostics of the ECR plasma was accomplished by means of a 1.5 in grazing incidence monochromator which was operated in a wavelength range of 4-90 nm under the condition of medium to high resolution to discriminate between spectra arising from different Xeq+ (q = 2-10) charge states. One of the major accomplishments of this study is assignment of numerous new optical transitions for xenon in the 10-80 nm range to create a database for further investigations. High resolution spectra were recorded in the 10-16 nm range confirming significant contributions from highly excited Xe10+ and Xe9+ ionic states. Major outcome of this work is that the Xe10+ ion emission with lambda = 13.4 nm may occurs with such a simplified and compact ECR source. The EUV emission of this particular line is of great interest for lithography applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Russia. RP Merabet, H (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hocine@physics.unr.edu RI Godunov, Alexander/G-4266-2011 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.233 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000011 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS AF Krstic, PS TI Vibrationally resolved collisions in cold hydrogen plasma SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ion-molecule collisions; vibrationally excited; vibrationally resolved; charge transfer; excitation; dissociation; association; fully-quantal; semi-classical AB Slow collisions (0.5-100 eV) of hydrogen atoms and ions with vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules and molecular ions are studied using fully quantal (below 10 eV) and semi-classical approaches. Considered transitions include charge transfer, excitation, dissociation, three-body diatomic association, as well as energy and angular spectra of dissociation fragments. Mutual relations of various elastic and inelastic processes, the relevant physical mechanisms governing vibrational dynamics in inelastic channels and comparison of the fully quantal and semi-classical results are also reported. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM krsticp@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.007 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000017 ER PT J AU Jones, S Madison, DH Macek, JH AF Jones, S Madison, DH Macek, JH TI Single and double ionization of helium by the impact of fast charged particles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ion impact; electron impact; ionization; cross-section; distorted wave; perturbation theory; 3DW; CDW ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; COMPTON-SCATTERING; HE AB A survey of the recent literature shows that paradoxes abound in electron- and ion-impact ionization of helium. For example, Schulz et al. [M. Schulz, R. Moshammer, D. Fischer, H. Kollmus, D.H. Madison, S. Jones, J. Ullrich, Nature 422 (2003) 48) found that first-Born and three-body distorted-wave (3DW) theories reproduced their data for single ionization of helium by very fast fully stripped carbon ions in the scattering plane, but not outside the scattering plane. For much slower impacting carbon ions, however, Madison et al. [D.H. Madison, D. Fischer, M. Foster, M. Schulz, R. Moshammer, S. Jones, J. Ullrich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 253201] found good agreement between 3DW theory and experiment, even outside the scattering plane. This creates a dilemma, since distorted-wave perturbation theories are generally thought to improve with increasing, not decreasing, projectile speed! In this contribution, we will address these and other issues, and suggest possible ways of proceeding. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, Lab Atom Mol & Opt Res, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Lab Atom Mol & Opt Res, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM sjones@umr.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.009 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000020 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH AF Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH TI Sturmian theory of electron energy distributions in low energy ion-atom collisions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ion-atom collisions; ionization; electron energy distributions; Sturmian theory ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; IONIZATION; SPECTRA AB The energy and angular distributions of electrons ejected from targets and projectiles in the collisions of slow H and H- with He targets has been calculated exactly in a model that treats electron interactions with neutral targets via zero-range interactions. These calculations employ two-center Sturmian functions for collisions at non-zero impact parameters. The computed distributions are compared with recent measurements for He targets. Total ionization cross sections are also computed and compared with experiment over a broad energy range for proton, alpha particle and neutral hydrogen impact on helium atoms. The calculations are in generally good agreement with experiment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, SY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 401 Nielsen Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM serge@charcoal.phys.utk.edu RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.010 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000021 ER PT J AU Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Gosztola, DJ Li, Y AF Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Gosztola, DJ Li, Y TI Femtosecond Thomson scattering X-ray source based on laser wakefield accelerator for ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE Thomson scattering; femtosecond X-ray generation; laser wakefield acceleration; ultrafast X-ray absorption; terawatt lasers ID STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-BEAMS; FINE-STRUCTURE; TIME-SCALE; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; PHOTODETACHMENT; RADIATION; SOLIDS; PULSES AB A novel source of femtosecond keV X-ray pulses based on Thomson scattering from a terawatt laser wakefield accelerator is being developed for chemical studies. The characteristics of the source, based on recent calculations and experiments, are discussed. Due to its short pulse duration, high flux and collimation this X-ray source is very well suited for ultrafast time-resolved X-ray absorption experiments to study short-living transient structures in gasses, liquids and solids. As an example of such an experiment, we propose to study the solvent-solute dynamics in charge-transfer-to-solvent processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oulianov, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oulianov@anl.gov RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.011 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000022 ER PT J AU Reifarth, R Esch, EI Alpizar-Vicente, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Glover, SE Greife, U Hatarik, R Haight, RC Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM AF Reifarth, R Esch, EI Alpizar-Vicente, A Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Glover, SE Greife, U Hatarik, R Haight, RC Kronenberg, A O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM TI (n,gamma) measurements on radioactive isotopes with DANCE SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE neutron capture cross section; neutron absorption; calorimeters; neutron sources; solid-state detectors; radioactive wastes; waste disposal; spallation reactions; nucleosynthesis; s-process ID DETECTOR AB The Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is designed as a high efficiency, highly segmented 4 pi BaF2 detector for calorimetrically detecting gamma rays following a neutron capture. Coupled with the neutron spallation source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), DANCE measurements on unstable isotopes in the energy range between 10 meV and 500 keV will provide many of the missing key reactions that are needed to understand the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements and will also provide vital information for the design of future reactor concepts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reifarth, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LAMSCE-3,MS H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reifarth@lanl.gov RI Schwantes, Jon/A-7318-2009 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.022 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000040 ER PT J AU Agvaanluvsan, U Algin, E Becker, JA Guttormsen, M Mitchell, GE Siem, S Schiller, A Voinov, A AF Agvaanluvsan, U Algin, E Becker, JA Guttormsen, M Mitchell, GE Siem, S Schiller, A Voinov, A TI Investigation of the radiative strength function SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE radiative strength functions; pygmy resonance; nuclear statistical decay ID MONOENERGETIC PHOTONS; NEUTRON RESONANCES; CAPTURE; TRANSITIONS; CONTINUUM; CASCADES AB The radiative strength function (RSF) is key for understanding nuclear reaction rates in areas ranging from astrophysics to radiochemical diagnostics. The RSF also provides a tool for understanding the characteristics of gamma-ray cascades. Unresolved transitions in nuclear deexcitation processes are best described by statistical properties such as the radiative strength function. The sequential extraction method developed at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory provides data for radiative strength functions for gamma-ray energies from I MeV to the neutron binding energy. The data are averaged over about 100 keV energy bin and normalized to the average total radiative width of neutron resonances. The radiative strength functions in all nuclei studied show a characteristic increase with increasing gamma-ray energy. However, the detailed structures in the radiative strength function for various nuclei show different behavior in various mass regions. In rare-earth nuclei, a resonance structure near 3 MeV is observed. For several lighter nuclei (A < 100), a large enhancement for low transition energies is observed. This unexpected phenomenon is not explained by existing theoretical models. Additional investigations using independent measurements are underway. The experiments and analysis methods will be described briefly. Experimental data for Fe, Sn, and Yb will be shown to illustrate the variety of behavior observed for the radiative strength function. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Osmangazi Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey. Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Agvaanluvsan, U (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414 7000 E Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM agvaanluvsan1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.081 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000041 ER PT J AU Bingham, CR Tantawy, MN Batchelder, JC Danchev, M Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Fong, DJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Karny, M Krolas, W Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Bingham, CR Tantawy, MN Batchelder, JC Danchev, M Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Fong, DJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Karny, M Krolas, W Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF TI Nuclear structure studies at the proton drip line via proton radioactivity studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE proton radioactivity; nuclear spins and parities; nuclear wave functions ID EMISSION AB Properties of nuclei beyond the proton drip line are studied via measurement of the spontaneous emission of protons from these exotic nuclei. Different components of the wave function of the proton emitter can be accessed by observation of fine structure in the proton spectrum. Fine structure has been observed in the proton radioactivity of Tm-145, Tm-146 and Ho-141 in measurements at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. These nuclei range over an interesting transition region going from nearly spherical to rather deformed. Detailed analysis of the rich fine structure spectrum of Tm-146 is presented in terms of the particle-core vibration coupling model. Other models are discussed briefly. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bingham, CR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, 401 Nielsen Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cbingham@utk.edu RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.082 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000042 ER PT J AU Cizewski, JA Jones, KL Pain, SD Thomas, JS Baktash, C Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Gross, C Liang, JF Shapira, D Smith, MS Kozub, RL Moazen, BH Nesaraja, CD Carter, HK Johnson, MS Fitzgerald, RP Visser, DW Greife, U Livesay, RJ Catford, W Ma, Z AF Cizewski, JA Jones, KL Pain, SD Thomas, JS Baktash, C Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Gross, C Liang, JF Shapira, D Smith, MS Kozub, RL Moazen, BH Nesaraja, CD Carter, HK Johnson, MS Fitzgerald, RP Visser, DW Greife, U Livesay, RJ Catford, W Ma, Z TI Neutron transfer reactions with neutron-rich radioactive ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE radioactive ion beams; neutron-rich nuclei; direct neutron transfer reactions; spectroscopic factors; shell model; r-process nucleosynthesis; Ge-83; Se-85; Sn-125 ID ASTROPHYSICAL R-PROCESS; DEFORMATION; DECAY AB Initial measurements are presented of the (d,p) reactions on neutron-rich N = 50 isotones along the r-process path of nucleosynthesis with radioactive ion beams of Ge-82 and 84 Se. Prospects for measurements with unstable Sn-130.132 beams are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cizewski, JA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM cizewski@physics.rutgers.edu RI Visser, Dale/A-8117-2009; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016; OI Visser, Dale/0000-0002-2891-4731; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.025 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000045 ER PT J AU Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Koehler, PE Valentine, TE Derrien, H Harvey, JA AF Guber, KH Leal, LC Sayer, RO Koehler, PE Valentine, TE Derrien, H Harvey, JA TI New neutron cross-section measurements at ORELA and their application in nuclear criticality calculations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE neutron sources; neutron capture; neutron sensitivity; weighting function; evaluated data ID CAPTURE AB Many older neutron cross-section evaluations from libraries such as ENDF/B-Vl or JENDL-3.2 show deficiencies in energy ranges that are important for criticality safety applications. Consequently, these evaluated data may not be adequate for nuclear criticality calculations where effects such as self-shielding, multiple scattering, or Doppler broadening are important. To support the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, neutron cross-section measurements have been initiated at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). ORELA is ideally suited to measure fission, neutron total, and capture cross-sections in the energy range from 1 eV to similar to 600 keV, which is important for many nuclear criticality safety applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guberkh@ornl.gov OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.083 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000049 ER PT J AU Akkurt, H Groves, JL Trombka, J Starr, R Evans, L Floyd, S Hoover, R Lim, L McClanahan, T James, R McCoy, T Schweitzer, J AF Akkurt, H Groves, JL Trombka, J Starr, R Evans, L Floyd, S Hoover, R Lim, L McClanahan, T James, R McCoy, T Schweitzer, J TI Pulsed neutron generator system for astrobiological and geochemical exploration of planetary bodies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE neutron generator; subsurface elemental composition; planetary surveys AB A pulsed neutron/gamma-ray detection system for use on rovers to survey the elemental concentrations of Martian and Lunar surface and subsurface materials is evaluated. A robotic survey system combining a pulsed neutron generator (PNG) and detectors (gamma ray and neutron) can measure the major constituents to a depth of about 30 cm. Scanning mode measurements can give the major elemental concentrations while the rover is moving; analyzing mode measurements can give a detailed elemental analysis of the adjacent material when the rover is stationary. A detailed map of the subsurface elemental concentrations will provide invaluable information relevant to some of the most fundamental astrobiological questions including the presence of water, biogenic activity, life habitability and deposition processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Schlumberger Princeton Technol Ctr, Princeton Jct, NJ 07605 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Groves, JL (reprint author), Schlumberger Princeton Technol Ctr, 20 Wallace Rd, Princeton Jct, NJ 07605 USA. EM groves@princeton.oilfield.slb.com RI McClanahan, Timothy/C-8164-2012; Lim, Lucy/C-9557-2012 OI Lim, Lucy/0000-0002-9696-9654 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.029 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000052 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM AF Ablett, JM TI High-brightness hard X-ray scanning nano-probes at NSLS II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas ID REFRACTIVE LENSES AB There is high demand for materials characterization on the nanometer length scale using hard X-ray techniques at third-generation X-ray synchrotron sources. For this reason, there are intense efforts underway for improving the quality and design of the X-ray optics that deliver these nano-focused X-ray beams. The proposed NSLS-II ultra-low emittance 3 GeV electron storage ring will provide the necessary brightness to deliver 10 nm spatial-resolution to a variety of dedicated nanoprobe beamlines at this facility. In this paper, we explore how this resolution can be attained using several types of X-ray optics, and also how their performance would compare at the present NSLS second-generation X-ray source. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jablett@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.180 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000053 ER PT J AU Fischer, W AF Fischer, W TI RHIC performance and future plans SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE heavy ions; polarized protons; collider AB The relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, consisting of two 3.8 km long superconducting rings, was commissioned in 1999. Since then the machine collided fully stripped gold ions at five different energies, up to 100 GeV/n, deuterons with gold ions at 100 GeV/n and protons at 100 GeV with a beam polarizations of up 45%. Over four operating periods the heavy ion luminosity has increased by two orders of magnitude, and now exceeds the design value by a factor of two. Another factor of two is targeted for the next four years, as well as a more than 10-fold increase in the proton luminosity and a 2-fold increase in the polarization. Possible further upgrades include an electron beam ion source (EBIS), stochastic and electron cooling and an electron ring to form an electron-ion collider (eRHIC). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 911B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Wolfram.Fischer@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.125 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000062 ER PT J AU Raparia, D AF Raparia, D TI Super neutrino project: Design and development SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE high power proton accelerators; super neutrino beams; high power target system AB BNL plans to create a very long baseline super neutrino beam facility by upgrading the AGS from the current 0.14 MW to 1.0 MW and beyond. The proposed facility consists of three major components. First is a 1.5 GeV superconducting linac to replace the booster as injector for the AGS, second is the performance upgrade of the AGS itself for higher intensity and repetition rate, and finally is the target and horn system for the neutrino production. The major contribution for the higher power is from the increase of the repetition rate of the AGS from 0.3 Hz to 2.5 Hz, with moderate increase from the intensity. The accelerator design considerations to achieve high intensity and low losses for the new linac and the AGS will be presented. The target and horn design for high power operation and easy maintenance will also be covered. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Raparia, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD, Bldg 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM raparia@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.034 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000063 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Feng, H Lanzirotti, A Mahajan, D AF Jones, KW Feng, H Lanzirotti, A Mahajan, D TI Synchrotron X-ray microprobe and computed microtomography for characterization of nanocatalysts SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE synchrotron X-ray microprobe; computed microtomography; Fischer-Tropsch; catalysts; hydrocarbons ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; IRON AB Gas-to-liquids (GTL) is a viable pathway for synthesis of clean fuels from natural gas. One of the attractive synthesis options is the Fischer Tropsch (F-T) method using an iron catalyst to yield a broad range of hydrocarbons. We collected catalyst samples during three separate F-T runs that utilized nanophase (mean particle diameter (MPD): 3 nm and 20-80 nm) and micrometer-sized (32.5 mu m) Fe2O3 that served as catalyst precursors. The collected samples were characterized with micro-X-ray fluorescence and computed microtomography at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). Results found with two different measurement techniques indicated that there was heterogeneity on a spatial scale corresponding to volumes of roughly 10(3) mu m(3). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Bldg 901A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jones@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.177 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000072 ER PT J AU Qing, J Leung, KN King, TJ Jiang, XM Appleton, BR AF Qing, J Leung, KN King, TJ Jiang, XM Appleton, BR TI Development of focused ion beam systems with various ion species SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE focused ion beam; lithography; microfabrication ID LITHOGRAPHY SYSTEM AB Conventional focused ion beam systems employ a liquid-metal ion source (LMIS) to generate high-brightness beams, such as Ga+ beams. Recently there has been an increased need for focused ion beams in areas like biological studies, advanced magnetic-film manufacturing and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). In this article, status of development on focused ion beam systems with ion species such as O-2(+), P+, and B+ will be reviewed. Compact col umns for forming focused ion beams from low energy (similar to 3 keV), to intermediate energy (similar to 35 keV) are discussed. By using focused ion beams, a SOI MOSFET is fabricated entirely without any masks or resist. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Imaging & Mesoscale Struct, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qing, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1Cyclotron Rd,MS 5R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qji@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.039 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000073 ER PT J AU Felter, TE Musket, RG Bernhardt, AF AF Felter, TE Musket, RG Bernhardt, AF TI Field emitter arrays and displays produced by ion tracking lithography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE electronic stopping; ion track; field emitter; latent track; nanotechnology; flat panel display AB When ions of sufficient electronic energy loss traverse a dielectric film or foil, they alter the chemical bonding along their nominally straight path within the material. A suitable etchant can quickly dissolve these so-called latent tracks leaving holes of small diameter (similar to 10 nm) but long length - several microns. Continuing the etching process gradually increases the diameter reproducibly and uniformly. The trackable medium can be applied as a uniform film onto large substrates. The small, monodisperse holes produced by this track etching can be used in conjunction with additional thin film processing to create functional structures attached to the substrate. For example, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Candescent Technologies Corporation (CTC) co-developed a process to make arrays of gated field emitters (similar to 100 nm diameter electron guns) for CTC's Thin CRT (TM) displays, which have been fabricated to diagonal dimensions > 13 in. Additional technological applications of ion tracking lithography will be briefly covered. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Felter, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM felter1@llnl.gov; musket6@aol.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.243 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000075 ER PT J AU Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Tripa, CE Moore, JF Wucher, A Pellin, MJ AF Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Tripa, CE Moore, JF Wucher, A Pellin, MJ TI Laser post-ionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of samples from space return missions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas ID QUANTITATIVE SURFACE-ANALYSIS AB A new generation of secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) instruments has been developed that is especially designed for laser post-ionization (LPI). These instruments combine high useful yield and high background discrimination. Results presented here demonstrate that these instruments can detect one in every four atoms removed from a samples surface - a greater than one order of magnitude improvement over current large frame secondary ion mass spectrometry instruments. Because of their high sensitivity, these new LPI-SNMS instruments are especially amenable to analysis of samples of limited size and rare one-of-a-kind samples. Such an application is analysis of samples returned to Earth from space by the Genesis and Stardust Discovery missions of NASA. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Duisburg Essen, D-47078 Duisburg, Germany. RP Veryovkin, IV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM verigo@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 356 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.041 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000077 ER PT J AU Lian, J Wang, LM Ewing, RC Boatner, LA AF Lian, J Wang, LM Ewing, RC Boatner, LA TI Ion beam implantation and cross-sectional TEM studies of lanthanide titanate pyrochlore single crystals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE pyrochlore; ion implantation; critical amorphization dose; cross-sectional TEM ID NUCLEAR-WASTE-DISPOSAL; PLUTONIUM; IRRADIATION; IMMOBILIZATION; FORM; ENTHALPIES; ACTINIDES; DISORDER; GD2TI2O7; OXIDES AB We have performed ion implantations in bulk samples of single crystal lanthanide titanate pyrochlores A(2)Ti(2)O(7) (A = Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Er) using 1.0 MeV Kr+ at room temperature at an ion fluence of 5 x 10(14) ions/cm(2). Er2Ti2O7 was also implanted by 1 MeV Kr+ at an ion fluence of 1.74 x 10(14) ions/cm(2). Ion implantation-induced microstructural evolution has been examined using cross-sectional TEM. For Er2Ti2O7 irradiated by 1 MeV Kr+ at a dose of 1.74 x 10(14) ions/cm(2), a highly damaged layer consisting of nano-sized disordered fluorite domains was observed; while, a complete amorphous layer starting from surface was created by 1 MeV Kr+ implantation at a fluence of 5 x 10(14) ions/ cm(2). The critical amorphization doses of different titanate pyrochlore single crystals implanted with 1 MeV Kr+ were determined by comparing the experimental damage profiles with those simulated using SRIM-2000. The critical amor phization doses generally increase as the A-site cation changes from Sm3+ to Er3+ suggesting that the radiation resis tance of titanate pyrochlores increases with the decreasing ionic radius of A-site cations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), 2534 CC Little Bldg,425 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.043 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000079 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Boatner, LA AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Boatner, LA TI Accumulation and recovery of disorder in Au2+-irradiated Cd2Nb2O7 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ion irradiation; lattice disorder; ion channeling; pyrochlores ID IRRADIATION; PYROCHLORE AB Cadmium niobate pyrochlore (Cd2N2O7) single crystals have been irradiated at 150, 300, 450 and 600 K using 1.0 MeV Au2+ ions over fluences ranging from 0.01 to 3.5 ions/nm(2). The relative disorder on the Cd sublattice in the as-irradiated Cd2Nb2O7 has been analyzed based on in situ 3.0 MeV He+ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry along the (100)-axial channeling direction. The results show that the crystal can be readily amorphized under the Au2+ irradiation at or below 450 K; however, the relative Cd disorder tends to saturate at 600 K, and full amorphization does not occur at doses up to 5 dpa. Isochronal annealing (20 min) also has been performed at temperatures from 180 to 295 K for samples irradiated at 150 K. Thermal recovery of the disorder has been observed below room temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.046 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000080 ER PT J AU McMahan, MA AF McMahan, MA TI The Berkeley Accelerator Space Effects (BASE) Facility - A new mission for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE space radiation effects; testing facility; Cyclotron; dosimetry; heavy ions AB In FY04, the 88-Inch Cyclotron began a new operating mode that supports a local research program in nuclear science, R&D in accelerator technology and a test facility for the National Security Space (NSS) community (the US Air Force and NRO). The NSS community (and others on a cost recovery basis) can take advantage of both the light- and heavy-ion capabilities of the cyclotron to simulate the space radiation environment. A significant portion of this work involves the testing of microcircuits for single event effects. The experimental areas within the building that are used for the radiation effects testing are now called the Berkeley Accelerator Space Effects (BASE) Facility. Improvements to the facility to provide increased reliability, quality assurance and new capabilities are underway and will be discussed. These include a 16 A MeV "cocktail" of beams for heavy ion testing, a neutron beam, more robust dosimetry, and other upgrades. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahan, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS88R0192,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_mcmahan@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.050 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000087 ER PT J AU Michalak, SE Harris, KW Hengartner, NW Takala, BE Wender, SA AF Michalak, SE Harris, KW Hengartner, NW Takala, BE Wender, SA TI Using the LANSCE irradiation facility to predict the number of fatal soft errors in one of the world's fastest supercomputers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE electrostatic, collective, and linear accelerators; neutron sources; radiation effects on semiconductors; neutron radiation effects ID CMOS PROCESS; FLUX AB Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is home to the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). LANSCE is a unique facility because its neutron spectrum closely mimics the neutron spectrum at terrestrial and aircraft altitudes, but is many times more intense. Thus, LANSCE provides an ideal setting for accelerated testing of semiconductor and other devices that are susceptible to cosmic ray induced neutrons. Many industrial companies use LANSCE to estimate device susceptibility to cosmic ray induced neutrons, and it has also been used to test parts from one of LANL's supercomputers, the ASC (Advanced Simulation and Computing Program) Q. This paper discusses our use of the LANSCE facility to study components in Q including a comparison with failure data from Q. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron & Nucl Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Michalak, SE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM michalak@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.051 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000088 ER PT J AU Shumard, B Pennington, T Henderson, DJ Seweryniak, D Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Davids, CN Lister, CJ Zabransky, BJ Blank, B AF Shumard, B Pennington, T Henderson, DJ Seweryniak, D Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Davids, CN Lister, CJ Zabransky, BJ Blank, B TI Transmission ion chamber: Design and application SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ionization chamber; sub-barrier evaporation; parallel grid avalanche counter AB A Transmission Ion Chamber (TIC) was constructed for use at the focal plane of the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). The motivation for the construction of the TIC was to allow energy loss information to be added to the focal plane identification data. Three experiments immediately benefited form this information. First, an astrophysics experiment studying Br-69 via the beta decay of Kr-69 would benefit greatly by adding a TIC to the existing implantation station. Second the study of extreme sub-barrier heavy-ion fusion evaporation reaction could be made more sensitive. Third, a study was performed using a PPAC-TIC-DSSD configuration to separate Sn-101 from the other evaporation products of highly excited Te-108. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shumard, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Brent Shumard Bldg,203 H-113, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shumard@phy.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 446 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.055 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000094 ER PT J AU Gilliam, SB Gidcumb, SM Forsythe, D Parikh, NR Hunn, JD Snead, LL Lamaze, GP AF Gilliam, SB Gidcumb, SM Forsythe, D Parikh, NR Hunn, JD Snead, LL Lamaze, GP TI Helium retention and surface blistering characteristics of tungsten with regard to first wall conditions in an inertial fusion energy reactor SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE helium retention; tungsten; implantation; IFE ID CRITICAL ASSESSMENTS; TARGET IMPLOSION; CHAMBER; BEHAVIOR AB The first wall of an inertial fusion energy reactor may suffer from surface blistering and exfoliation due to helium ion fluxes and extreme temperatures. Tungsten is a candidate for the first wall material. A study of helium retention and surface blistering with regard to helium dose, temperature and tungsten microstructure was conducted to learn how the damaging effects of helium may be diminished. Single crystal and polycrystalline tungsten samples were implanted with 1.3 MeV He-3 in doses ranging from 10(19)/m(2) to 10(22)/m(2). Implanted samples were analyzed by He-3(d, p)He-4 nuclear reaction analysis and neutron depth profiling techniques. Surface blistering occurred for doses greater than 10(21) He/m(2) and was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Repeated cycles of implantation and flash annealing indicated that helium retention was reduced with decreasing implant dose per cycle. A carbon foil energy degrader, currently in development, will allow a continuous spectrum of helium implantation energy matching the theoretical models of He ion fluxes within the IFE reactor. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilliam, SB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM sgilliam@physics.unc.edu NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.060 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000103 ER PT J AU Insepov, Z Hassanein, A Swenson, D Terasawa, M AF Insepov, Z Hassanein, A Swenson, D Terasawa, M TI Computer simulation of surface modification with ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE gas cluster ion beam; highly charged ions; sputtering; extreme ultra-violet lithography ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SLOW MULTICHARGED IONS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATION; COULOMB EXPLOSION; LITHIUM-FLUORIDE; BOMBARDMENT; EMISSION; SILICON; MODEL AB Interactions of energetic ions with various solid targets including silicon and a few metal surfaces were studied by computer simulation and verified by experiment. Surface sputtering and modification for collisions of Ar(n) (n similar to 100) cluster ions, with kinetic energies of 12-54 eV/atom, and slow highly charged ions (HCI), with potential energies of 80-3500 eV, have been simulated. Various energy transfer mechanisms of the ion energy into the solid target, such as shock wave generation, hollow atom formation, Coulomb explosion, charge screening and neutralization were studied. Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD), as well as a phenomenological surface dynamics methods were employed and the results of the simulations were compared with the experimental data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781205, Japan. RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM insepov@anl.gov RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.061 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000104 ER PT J AU Gosnell, GE Wetteland, CJ Tesmer, JR Hollander, MG Cooke, DW Afanasyev, IV Sickafus, KE AF Gosnell, GE Wetteland, CJ Tesmer, JR Hollander, MG Cooke, DW Afanasyev, IV Sickafus, KE TI The effects of thermal quenching on ion-beam-induced phase transformation detection by ion-beam-induced luminescence SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE thermal quenching; ion-beam-induced luminescence ID STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; AMORPHIZATION; ALPHA-AL2O3; ZIRCONIA AB Ion beam interactions with many ceramics produce strong luminescence, which may be collected and analyzed to observe radiation damage effects. Exposure to radiation in these environments can cause transitions between periodic and aperiodic microstructures, and thus affect the microstructural characteristics of the materials. However, little is known about the role of temperature and its effect on phase transformation during ion-irradiation. A new method for in situ analysis using photon emissions during heavy ion implantation was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ion-beam-induced phase transformation of alumina (Al2O3) was studied at room temperature. The results indicate that luminescence is strongly dependent on temperature during ion-irradiation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1073, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.067 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000117 ER PT J AU Hollerman, WA Goedeke, SM Bergeron, NP Muntele, CI Allison, SW Ila, D AF Hollerman, WA Goedeke, SM Bergeron, NP Muntele, CI Allison, SW Ila, D TI Effects of proton irradiation on triboluminescent materials such as ZnS : Mn SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE triboluminescence; ZnS : Mn; decay time; proton irradiation ID PHOSPHORS AB Research has shown that the fluorescence decay time can be used to measure temperatures in adverse environments, such as those found in space. Development of space-based phosphor sensors will depend heavily upon research investigating the resistance of phosphors to ionizing radiation. Research completed at the Alabama A&M University Center for Irradiation of Materials (CIM) shows that a 3 MeV proton fluence as small as 2.28 x 10(13) mm(-2) statistically reduces the ZnS:Mn decay time for temperatures less than 200 degrees C. Reductions in decay time appear to be proportional to increasing 3 MeV proton fluence beyond 2.28 x 10(13) mm(-2). It is possible that radiation induced dislocations in ZnS:Mn or the formation of sooty carbon in the binder could account for some of these reductions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Hollerman, WA (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Phys, POB 44210, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM hollerman@louisiana.edu RI Hollerman, William/F-5943-2011; OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 578 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.072 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000120 ER PT J AU Swenson, DR Degenkolb, E Insepov, Z Laurent, L Scheitrum, G AF Swenson, DR Degenkolb, E Insepov, Z Laurent, L Scheitrum, G TI Smoothing RF cavities with gas cluster ions to mitigate high voltage breakdown SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE cluster-surface interactions; Kilpatrick limit; cluster beam; RF breakdown AB Many studies have demonstrated that improving the surface smoothness and cleanliness of high voltage electrodes increases the voltage standoff capability, but none have specifically investigated the role of nano-scale and atomic level surface roughness. Using AFM imaging, we have studied the effect of gas cluster ion beams (GOB) on oxygen-free Cu electrode material that is used in high gradient RF cavities. Using Ar clusters accelerated by 30 kV, with a dose of 6 x 10(14) cm(-2), we have effectively removed an asperity that was 3500 (A) over circle wide and 350 (A) over circle high. Subsequent processing with 5 kV acceleration reduced the surface roughness from an Ra value of 13.2 (A) over circle to 4.8 (A) over circle. This demonstrates the effectiveness of GCIB for reducing sub-micron roughness to atom level smoothness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Swenson, DR (reprint author), Epion Corp, 37 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM dswenson@epion.com RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 641 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.107 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000133 ER PT J AU Schueller, MJ Ferrieri, RA Schlyer, DJ AF Schueller, MJ Ferrieri, RA Schlyer, DJ TI An automated system for oxygen-18 water recovery and fluorine-18 delivery SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE fluorine-18; target recovery; isotope transfer AB BNL has recently purchased an EBCO TR-19 cyclotron for routine isotope production. A system has been built to recover oxygen-18 enriched water from the fluorine-18 target, and then transport the F-18 a distance of 50 m to a shielded dose splitter. The remotized system provides the operator with feedback on flow rates and radiation levels during processing. Recovery of the 2.6 mL of enriched water and transport of the F-18 to the radiochemistry labs takes under 10 min, with more than 80% of the activity arriving in the chemistry lab. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schueller, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, 57 Cornell St,Bldg 901, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mschueller@bnl.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.114 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000138 ER PT J AU Reber, EL Blackwood, LG Edwards, AJ Jewell, JK Rohde, KW Seabury, EH Klinger, JB AF Reber, EL Blackwood, LG Edwards, AJ Jewell, JK Rohde, KW Seabury, EH Klinger, JB TI Idaho explosives detection system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE neutron generator; explosive detection AB The Idaho Explosives Detection System was developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to respond to threats imposed by delivery trucks potentially carrying explosives into military bases. A full-scale prototype system has been built and is currently undergoing testing. The system consists of two racks, one on each side of a subject vehicle. Each rack includes a neutron generator and an array of NaI detectors. The two neutron generators are pulsed and synchronized. A laptop computer controls the entire system. The control software is easily operable by minimally trained staff. The system was developed to detect explosives in a medium size truck within a 5-min measurement time. System performance was successfully demonstrated with explosives at the INL in June 2004 and at Andrews Air Force Base in July 2004. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Reber, EL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM reber@inel.gov RI Reber, Edward/B-4742-2017 OI Reber, Edward/0000-0001-8959-5570 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 738 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.235 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000155 ER PT J AU Chichester, DL Lemchak, M Simpson, JD AF Chichester, DL Lemchak, M Simpson, JD TI The API 120: A portable neutron generator for the associated particle technique SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE neutron generator; associated particle technique (APT); associated particle imaging (API); active neutron interrogation (ANI); deuterium tritium fusion AB The API 120 is a lightweight, portable neutron generator for active neutron interrogation (ANI) field work exploiting the associated particle technique. It incorporates a small sealed-tube accelerator, an all digital control system with smart on-board diagnostics, a simple platform-independent control interface and a comprehensive safety interlock philosophy with provisions for wireless control. The generator operates in a continuous output mode using either the D-D or D-T fusion reactions. To register the helium ion associated with fusion, the system incorporates a high resolution fiber optic imaging plate that may be coated with one of several different phosphors. The ion beam on the target measures less than 2 mm in diameter, thus making the system suitable for multi-dimensional imaging. The system is rated at 1E7 n/s for over 1000 h although higher yields are possible. The overall weight is 12 kg; power consumption is less than 50 W. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thermo Electron Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0335, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlchich@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.128 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000158 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Yoon, WY Norman, DR Haskell, KJ Zabriskie, JM Watson, SM Sterbentz, JW AF Jones, JL Yoon, WY Norman, DR Haskell, KJ Zabriskie, JM Watson, SM Sterbentz, JW TI Photonuclear-based, nuclear material detection system for cargo containers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE active interrogation; photonuclear; nuclear material; smuggling; cargo container AB The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing electron accelerator-based, photonuclear inspection technologies for over a decade. A current need, having important national implications, has been with the detection of smuggled nuclear material within air- and, especially, sea-cargo transportation containers. This paper describes the latest pulsed, photonuclear inspection system for nuclear material detection and identification in cargo configurations, the numerical responses of 5 kg of a nuclear material placed within selected cargo configurations, and the technology's potential role in addressing future inspection needs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625-2802, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM james.jones@inl.gov NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 770 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.242 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000161 ER PT J AU Slaughter, DR Accatino, MR Bernstein, A Church, JA Descalle, MA Gosnell, TB Hall, JM Loshak, A Manatt, DR Mauger, GJ Moore, TL Norman, EB Pohl, BA Pruet, JA Petersen, DC Walling, RS Weirup, DL Prussin, SG McDowell, M AF Slaughter, DR Accatino, MR Bernstein, A Church, JA Descalle, MA Gosnell, TB Hall, JM Loshak, A Manatt, DR Mauger, GJ Moore, TL Norman, EB Pohl, BA Pruet, JA Petersen, DC Walling, RS Weirup, DL Prussin, SG McDowell, M TI Preliminary results utilizing high-energy fission product gamma-rays to detect fissionable material in cargo SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE cargo screening; active interrogation; neutron source; fission product gamma radiation AB A concept for detecting the presence of special nuclear material (U-235 or Pu-239) concealed in intermodal cargo containers is described. It is based on interrogation with a pulsed beam of 7 MeV neutrons that produce fission events and their beta-delayed neutron emission or beta-delayed high-energy gamma radiation between beam pulses provide the detection signature. Fission product beta-delayed gamma-rays above 3 MeV are nearly 10 times more abundant than beta-delayed neutrons and are distinct from natural radioactivity and from nearly all of the induced activity in a normal cargo. Detector backgrounds and potential interferences with the fission signature radiation have been identified and quantified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Slaughter, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM slaughter1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.236 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000162 ER PT J AU Micklich, BJ Smith, DL AF Micklich, BJ Smith, DL TI Nuclear materials detection using high-energy gamma-rays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE active interrogation; nuclear materials detection; photofission; Monte Carlo ID PHOTO-FISSION; URANIUM; YIELDS AB The FIGARO technique uses 6-7 MeV gamma-rays produced in the F-19(p, alpha gamma)O-16 reaction to detect materials used in nuclear weapons or associated with their production. These gamma-rays induce neutron emission via the photoneutron and photofission processes in nuclear materials. Previous experiments have shown that FIGARO gives responses specific to nuclear materials with little or no response to common benign materials. The technique is also resistant to both photon and neutron shielding countermeasures. We present preliminary results from modeling studies of neutron detection rates with simulated air cargo and intermodal shipping containers. A general methodology to compare operating performance based on receiver-operator-characteristic curves is also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Micklich, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,PNS-360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bjmicklich@anl.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.132 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000163 ER PT J AU Norman, DR Jones, JL Yoon, WY Haskell, KJ Sterbentz, JW Zabriskie, JM Hunt, AW Harmon, F Kinlaw, MT AF Norman, DR Jones, JL Yoon, WY Haskell, KJ Sterbentz, JW Zabriskie, JM Hunt, AW Harmon, F Kinlaw, MT TI Inspection applications with higher electron beam energies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE homeland security; cargo container inspection; shielded; highly enriched uranium; LINAC operations greater than 10 MeV; nuclear material; detection; regulations AB The Idaho National Laboratory has developed prototype shielded nuclear material detection systems based on pulsed photonuclear assessment (PPA) techniques for the inspection of cargo containers. During this work, increased nuclear material detection capabilities have been demonstrated at higher electron beam energies than those allowed by federal regulations for cargo inspection. This paper gives a general overview of a nuclear material detection system, the PPA technique and discusses the benefits of using these higher energies. This paper also includes a summary of the numerical and test results from LINAC operations up to 24 MeV and discusses some of the federal energy limitations associated with cargo inspection. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Norman, DR (reprint author), INL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM normdr@inel.gov NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.133 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000164 ER PT J AU Moss, CE Brener, MW Hollas, CL Myers, WL AF Moss, CE Brener, MW Hollas, CL Myers, WL TI Portable active interrogation system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE active interrogation; neutron generators; neutron detectors; highly enriched uranium AB The system consists of a pulsed DT neutron generator (5 x 10(7) n/s) and a portable but high intrinsic efficiency, custom-designed, polyethylene-moderated He-3 neutron detector. A multichannel scaler card in a ruggedized laptop computer acquires the data. A user-friendly LabVIEW program analyzes and displays the data. The program displays a warning message when highly enriched uranium or any other fissionable materials is detected at a specified number of sigmas above background in the delayed region between pulses. This report describes the system and gives examples of the response of the system to highly enriched uranium and some other fissionable materials, at several distances and with various shielding materials. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp N2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp N2, POB 1663,MS B228, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmoss@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.134 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000165 ER PT J AU Mullens, JA Neal, JS Hausladen, PA Pozzi, SA Mihalczo, JT AF Mullens, JA Neal, JS Hausladen, PA Pozzi, SA Mihalczo, JT TI Fast coincidence counting with active inspection systems SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE time coincidence distributions; active inspection ID PROMPT-NEUTRON DECAY AB This paper describes 2nd and 3rd order time coincidence distributions measurements with a GHz processor that synchronously samples 5 or 10 channels of data from radiation detectors near fissile material. On-line, time coincidence distributions are measured between detectors or between detectors and an external stimulating source. Detector-to-detector correlations are useful for passive measurements also. The processor also measures the number of times n pulses occur in a selectable time window and compares this multiplet distribution to a Poisson distribution as a method of determining the occurrence of fission. The detectors respond to radiation emitted in the fission process induced internally by inherent sources or by external sources such as LINACS, DT generators either pulsed or steady state with alpha detectors, etc. Data can be acquired from prompt emission during the source pulse, prompt emissions immediately after the source pulse, or delayed emissions between source pulses. These types of time coincidence measurements (occurring on the time scale of the fission chain multiplication processes for nuclear weapons grade U and Pu) are useful for determining the presence of these fissile materials and quantifying the amount, and are useful for counter terrorism and nuclear material control and accountability. This paper presents the results for a variety of measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mullens, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mihalczojt@ornl.gov RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 804 EP 809 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.215 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000167 ER PT J AU Dietrich, D Hagmann, C Kerr, P Nakae, L Rowland, M Snyderman, N Stoeffl, W Hamm, R AF Dietrich, D Hagmann, C Kerr, P Nakae, L Rowland, M Snyderman, N Stoeffl, W Hamm, R TI A kinematically beamed, low energy pulsed neutron source for active interrogation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE SNM; low dose neutron interrogation; cargo inspection AB We are developing a new active interrogation system based on a kinematically focused low energy neutron beam. The key idea is that one of the defining characteristics of special nuclear materials (SNM) is the ability for low energy or thermal neutrons to induce fission. Thus by using low energy neutrons for the interrogation source we can accomplish three goals: (1) energy discrimination allows us to measure the prompt fast fission neutrons produced while the interrogation beam is on; (2) neutrons with an energy of approximately 60-100 keV do not fission 238U and Thorium, but penetrate bulk material nearly as far as high energy neutrons do and (3) below about 100 keV neutrons lose their energy by kinematical collisions rather than via the nuclear (n,2n) or (n,n') processes thus further simplifying the prompt neutron induced background. 60 keV neutrons create a low radiation dose and readily thermal capture in normal materials, thus providing a clean spectroscopic signature of the intervening materials. The kinematically beamed source also eliminates the need for heavy backward and sideway neutron shielding. We have designed and built a very compact pulsed neutron source, based on an RFQ proton accelerator and a lithium target. We are developing fast neutron detectors that are nearly insensitive to the ever-present thermal neutron and neutron capture induced gamma ray background. The detection of only a few high energy fission neutrons in time correlation with the linac pulse will be a clear indication of the presence of SNM. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. AccSys Technol, Pleasanton, CA 94556 USA. RP Dietrich, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-159, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dietrich1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 826 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.139 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000171 ER PT J AU Hausladen, PA Neal, JS Mihalczo, I AF Hausladen, PA Neal, JS Mihalczo, I TI An alpha particle detector for a portable neutron generator for the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE associated-particle technique; zinc oxide AB A recoil alpha particle detector has been developed for use in a portable neutron generator. The associated particle sealed tube neutron generator (APSTNG) will be used as an interrogation source for the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS). With the coincident emission of 14.1 MeV neutrons and 3.5 MeV alpha particles produced by the D-T reaction, alpha detection determines the time and direction of the neutrons of interest for subsequent use as an active nuclear materials interrogation source. The alpha particle detector uses a ZnO(Ga) scintillator coating applied to a fiber optic face plate. Gallium-doped zinc oxide is a fast (< 1 ns), inorganic scintillator with a high melting point (1975 degrees C). One detector has been installed in an APSTNG and is currently being tested. Initial results include a measured efficiency for 3.5 MeV alphas of 90%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hausladen, PA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,MS 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hausladenpa@ornl.gov RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 3 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.138 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000173 ER PT J AU Hershcovitch, A AF Hershcovitch, A TI Non-vacuum electron beam welding through a plasma window SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE plasma window; electron beam welding; electron beam propagation ID TRANSMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; VACUUM AB The plasma window is a novel apparatus that utilizes a stabilized plasma arc as interface between vacuum and atmosphere or pressurized targets without solid material. Additionally, the plasma has a lensing effect on charged particles. This feature enables beam focusing to very small spot sizes and overcoming beam dispersion due to scattering by atmospheric atoms and molecules. Recently, the plasma window was mated to a conventional electron beam welder. And, electron beam welding in atmosphere was accomplished with electron beams of unprecedented low power and energy. Weld quality for the non-vacuum plasma window electron beam welding approached the quality of in-vacuum electron beam welding. Indications exist that electron beam attenuation is lower than theoretically predicted. Results suggest that air boring was achieved with 6-15 mA, 90-150 keV electron beams compared to the previously used kA, MeV electron beams. It may explain the better than expected welding results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Acceleron Inc, Acceleron Team, E Granby, CT 06026 USA. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 911C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hershcovitch@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 854 EP 857 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.142 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000178 ER PT J AU Tatum, BA AF Tatum, BA TI Upgrade status and plans at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE HRIBF; RIB; ISOL; ORNL; accelerator AB dThe Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) is a national user facility dedicated to nuclear structure and astrophysics research with Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) using the Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) technique. HRIBF also maintains a vibrant development program for ISOL targets, ion sources and diagnostics. As a bridge to RIA, HRIBF continues to expand its technology. Presently, a $4.75M High Power Target Laboratory (HPTL) is being constructed to provide a facility for testing new targets, target geometries, ion sources and beam preparation techniques. HPTL will ultimately be co-located with a second RIB production system (IRIS2). An external axial injection system for the driver cyclotron, ORIC, is planned to provide higher beam intensities, reduce machine activation and eliminate cathode lifetime limitations. A multi-channel residual gas BPM is under development for measuring intensity and position of the driver beam. RIB production via electron-induced photofission is also being explored to attain higher intensities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tatum, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6000,MS-6368, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tatumba@orn.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 926 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.171 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000193 ER PT J AU Descovich, M Lee, IY Cromaz, M Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Descovich, M Lee, IY Cromaz, M Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D TI GRETINA status and recent progress: The effect of neutron damage on energy and position resolution of the GRETINA detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE gamma-ray tracking; position resolution; pulse shape analysis AB GRETINA is a high precision gamma-ray detector for nuclear spectroscopy experiments, which is currently being developed. It consists of a number of highly segmented coaxial germanium detectors arranged in a close-packed configuration. GRETINA uses digital signal processing electronics and pulse shape analysis to determine the energy and position of each individual interaction resulting from the gamma-ray absorption. Gamma-ray tracking is then used to reconstruct the gamma-ray scattering sequence. This results in high efficiency, peak-to-total ratio and position resolution. Particularly, the capability of reconstructing the position of the interaction with resolution at the level of a few millimeters is a fundamental requirement and is important to understand and quantify limiting factors of position resolution. This paper reports on the effects of neutron damage on pulse shape and on its impact on position resolution. Simulation results show that even a relatively heavily damaged detector maintains high position resolution. Only for neutron flux > 6 x 10(9) neutron/cm(2), the position resolution becomes worse than I mm, which is the achievable limit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Descovich, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, 1600 Divisadero St,Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM mdescovich@lbl.gov OI Rodriguez-Vieitez, Elena/0000-0002-6639-8141 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.150 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000194 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Alton, GD AF Zhang, Y Alton, GD TI Monte-Carlo simulation of complex vapor-transport systems for RIB applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE Monte-Carlo simulation; effusive-flow; ISOL target; radioactive ion beam ID ISOL TARGETS; GENERATION; RELEASE AB In order to minimize decay losses of short-lived radioactive species at ISOL based RIB facilities, effusive-flow particle transit times between target and ion source must be as short as practically achievable. A Monte-Carlo code has been developed for simulating the effusive-flow of neutral particles through vapor-transport systems independent of materials of construction. The code provides average distance traveled and time information associated with the transit of individual particles through a system. It offers a cost effective and accurate means for arriving at vapor-transport system designs. In this report, the code will be described and results obtained by its use in evaluating several prototype vapor-transport systems using specular reflection, cosine and isotropic particle re-emission about the normal to the surface models following adsorption. Simulation results obtained with an isotropic distribution are in close agreement with experimental measurements of the properties of prototype vapor-transport systems fabricated at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008,Bldg 8600,MS6461, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangyn@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.154 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000197 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Bilheux, H Kawai, Y Meyer, FW Alton, GD AF Liu, Y Bilheux, H Kawai, Y Meyer, FW Alton, GD TI Performance characterization studies of a flat field volume ECR ion source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ECR ion source; flat-B configuration; multi-charged ions ID FREQUENCY; DESIGN AB An all-permanent-magnet, 6 GHz ECR ion source with a central flat magnetic field profile has been evaluated at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This magnetic field configuration produces a large volume ECR zone when the input RF radiation is tuned in resonance with the central flat field, thereby increasing the probability for absorption of microwave power and, consequently, the hot electron population in the plasma volume. The magnetic field of the source can also be converted from the flat-B configuration to the traditional minimum-B configuration and vice versa. The studies show that the volume ECR configuration produced higher charge states and higher intensities for high charge states than the conventional minimum-B configuration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,Bldg 6000,MS-6368, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuy@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 965 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.155 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000200 ER PT J AU Danchev, M Pavan, J Stone, NJ Stuchbery, AE Baktash, C Beene, J Benczer-Koller, N Bingham, CR Dupak, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Kumbartzki, G Radford, DC Stone, JR Timlin, CL Yu, CH Zamfir, NV AF Danchev, M Pavan, J Stone, NJ Stuchbery, AE Baktash, C Beene, J Benczer-Koller, N Bingham, CR Dupak, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Kumbartzki, G Radford, DC Stone, JR Timlin, CL Yu, CH Zamfir, NV TI g-Factor measurements of first 2(+) states of heavy Te isotopes based on nuclear spin deorientation for nuclei recoiling in vacuum SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas AB We demonstrate that the recoil-in-vacuum (RIV) method can be used to determine the g-factor of the Coulumb excited first 2(+) state of Te-132. This was possible owing to advantages provided by CLARION (ORNL clover multidetector array) and the segmented charged particle detector HyBall. Calibratory experiments were performed with Te-122,Te-126,Te-130 and a g-factor of Te-132 was deduced g = (+)0.35(5). (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. ANU, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Sci Instruments, Brno 62464, Czech Republic. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Danchev, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 401 Nielsen Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM miroslav@spock.phys.utk.edu RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Dupak, Jan/G-8823-2014; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 971 EP 976 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.156 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000201 ER PT J AU Greene, JP Burtseva, T Neubauer, J Nolen, JA Villari, ACC Gomes, IC AF Greene, JP Burtseva, T Neubauer, J Nolen, JA Villari, ACC Gomes, IC TI Characterization studies of prototype ISOL targets for the RIA SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ISOL target; uranium carbide; thermal conductivity AB Targets employing refractory compounds are being developed for the rare isotope accelerator (RIA) facility to produce ion species far from stability. With the 100 kW beams proposed for the production targets, dissipation of heat becomes a challenging issue. In our two-step target design, neutrons are generated in a refractory primary target, inducing fission in the surrounding uranium carbide. The interplay of density, grain size, thermal conductivity and diffusion properties of the UC2 needs to be well understood before fabrication. Thin samples of uranium carbide were prepared for thermal conductivity measurements using an electron beam to heat the sample and an optical pyrometer to observe the thermal radiation. Release efficiencies and independent thermal analysis on these samples are being undertaken at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). An alternate target concept for RIA, the tilted slab approach promises to be simple with fast ion release and capable of withstanding high beam intensities while providing considerable yields via spallation. A proposed small business innovative research (SBIR) project will design a prototype tilted target, exploring the materials needed for fabrication and testing at an irradiation facility to address issues of heat transfer and stresses within the target. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IC Gomes Consulting & Investment Inc, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. GANIL, IN2P3, CNRS, DSM,CEA, F-14076 Caen 5, France. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM greene@anl.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 986 EP 990 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.182 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000204 ER PT J AU Kawai, Y Alton, GD Bilheux, JC AF Kawai, Y Alton, GD Bilheux, JC TI An inexpensive and fast method for infiltration coating of complex geometry matrices for ISOL production target applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE ISOL; target; infiltration coating; diffusion; radioactive ion beam ID ION-BEAM GENERATION; DESIGN AB An inexpensive, fast, and close to universal infiltration coating technique has been developed for fabricating fast diffusion-release ISOL targets. Targets are fabricated by deposition of finely divided (similar to 1 mu m) compound materials in a paint-slurry onto highly permeable, complex structure reticulated-vitreous-carbon-foam (RVCF) matrices, followed by thermal heat treatment. In this article, we describe the coating method and present information on the physical integrity, uniformity of deposition, and matrix adherence of SiC, HfC and UC2 targets, destined for on-line use as targets at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kawai, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kawaiy@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.159 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000205 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Stracener, DW Alton, GD AF Zhang, Y Stracener, DW Alton, GD TI Thermal modeling of the HRIBF targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE radioactive ion beam; ISOL target; computer modeling; fibrous material AB A variety of ISOL targets for generation of radioactive ion beams have been successfully developed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Short-lived ion species generated from fast release targets made up of fibrous materials such as 111702, and coated low-density carbon foam target matrices such as UC2/RVCF targets have been applied in important research programs of nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this paper, computer modeling of the HRIBF targets are introduced, and the computation results are coincident with the experimental measurements. These studies provide a cost effective method to understand beam power deposition as well as temperature distribution in ISOL target presently utilized at the HRIBF and predict the capability of high power ISOL target designs and the temperature profiles with other target materials and geometries for the future facility upgrade. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, POB 2008,Bldg 8600,MS 6461, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangyn@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 996 EP 1000 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.160 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000206 ER PT J AU Urrego-Blanco, JP van den Brandt, B Bunyatova, EI Galindo-Uribarri, A Hautle, P Konter, JA AF Urrego-Blanco, JP van den Brandt, B Bunyatova, EI Galindo-Uribarri, A Hautle, P Konter, JA TI Spin polarized solid target as a prospective tool for radioactive ion beam physics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE radioactive ion beam; spin polarized target; resonance states; transfer reactions AB Spin polarized probes are used in a wide range of experiments in nuclear physics including the determination of spin structure functions and tests of fundamental symmetries. At low energies, light stable polarized beams have been used for spectroscopic purposes. We propose to extend these types of experiments to nuclei far from stability by using radioactive ion beams (RIBs) and polarized targets. Towards this goal we intend to develop a solid polarized proton and/or deuterium target in the thickness range between 20 mu m and 100 mu m based on a scintillating (active) polymeric foil. Such a target would be a useful tool in the determination of excitation functions in resonant reactions, in studies of one-nucleon transfer reactions using RIBs as well as in probing the matter density of atomic nuclei. If scintillating, it could also help remove the background associated with the scattering of the radioactive beam. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Moscow 101000, Russia. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM uribarri@mail.phy.ornl.gov RI Hautle, Patrick/C-1044-2012 OI Hautle, Patrick/0000-0002-0502-8278 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.217 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000207 ER PT J AU Greene, JP Berg, GPA AF Greene, JP Berg, GPA TI Large area isotopic silicon targets for astrophysical reaction rate studies in Si-26 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE silicon targets; electron beam deposition; betaine parting agent AB For measurements of stellar reaction rates of proton rich nuclei involving resonance levels just above threshold, targets of Si-28 were used in studies of the Si-21(He-4, He-6)Si-26 reaction using the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Ring Cyclotron at Osaka University. Resonance structure observed in Si-26 above the 5.5 MeV proton threshold identified levels populated in the astrophysically important reaction Al-26(p,gamma) Si-26 and help to determine the yield of Al-26 gamma-rays seen in Novae. A few isolated states were also observed above the 9.2 MeV alpha threshold in the (He-4, He-6) reaction which can be used to improve the present stellar rate calculations. We describe here the involved preparation of large area Si-28 metal targets used for these experiments produced by the method of electron beam evaporation. The parting agent used was betaine. To obtain the 0.7 Mg/cm(2) Si-28 target thickness needed for the experiment, several mounted layers were assembled together by stacking. This formidable approach therefore required many foils. Two targets stacks of 0.7 Mg/cm(2) and 0.5 mg/cm(2) Si-28 were delivered to Osaka for the run. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM greene@anl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 1006 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.216 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000208 ER PT J AU McDonald, JW Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Schneider, DHG AF McDonald, JW Schenkel, T Hamza, AV Schneider, DHG TI Material dependence of total electron emission yields following slow highly charged ion impact SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE highly charged ion; electron emission ID SURFACE; TRAP; ACCELERATION; MICROSCOPE; EXCITATION; EXTRACTION; AL AB The total electron emission yields following the interaction of "Slow (<= 2 keV/a.u.) Highly Charged Ions" (SHCI) (O(3+...7+), Xe(12+...52+), Au(54+...69+)) with different target surfaces (highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), Au and SiO2) have been measured. The emission yields increase with charge state, and is found to be highest for carbon, the HOPG target, and lowest for the SiO2 target. An empirical formula for the electron emission is including recent results from investigations of plasmon excitation following SHCI impact are used to interpret the results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonald, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcdonald6@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 240 IS 4 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.210 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 989ZM UT WOS:000233712900006 ER PT J AU Harris, DA AF Harris, DA TI Superbeam experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID BEAM AB This article describes the next steps in the field of long baseline neutrino oscillation measurements. Because the primary goals of these new experiments are so different from those of the current generation, one cannot simply increase the running time or detector mass of the current programs. There are several new strategies which have been discussed for taking the next steps: sometimes the detectors, sometimes the beamlines, and sometimes both are radically different from what is now in place. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Harris, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.006 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600008 ER PT J AU Li, D AF Li, D TI Neutrino factory R&D in the US SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB We report recent U.S. R&D progress on neutrino factory studies since last International Neutrino Factory Workshop. Our R&D programs cover wide range of research areas which include targetry, muon cooling hardware development, acceleration and simulations of intense muon beams. These programs are integrated well with international R&D programs for neutrino factory studies and the International Muon Ionization Experiment (MICE) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), U.K.. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.008 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600010 ER PT J AU Brice, S Long, K Nakaya, T AF Brice, S Long, K Nakaya, T TI Summary of the neutrino oscillation physics working group at NuFact04 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB A variety of experimental techniques are required to determine the properties of the neutrino; end-point measurements are required to determine the mass, neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-search experiments are required to find out if the neutrino is its own antiparticle and oscillation experiments, with various sources and baselines, are required to determine the mixing parameters. The contributions to Working Group 1 at NuFact04 reviewed the status of the present generation of experiments in each of these classes as well as addressing the prospects for the near and the not so near future. The status of neutrino phenomenology was also discussed and a number of non-standard theoretical descriptions of the neutrino were presented. This paper summarizes the experimental, phenomenological and theoretical contributions to the working group as well as the conclusions of a session dedicated to the discussion of the long-term future of neutrino-oscillation experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.020 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600022 ER PT J AU Harris, DA AF Harris, DA CA MINOS NOvA Collaborations TI The MINOS and NOvA experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB This document describes two generations of neutrino experiments at Fermilab that use the NuMl beamline: the MINOS experiment, which is scheduled to start running later this year, and the proposed NOvA experiment, which would start running later this decade. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Harris, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 150 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.036 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600033 ER PT J AU Kahn, SA AF Kahn, SA TI A very long baseline experiment with a super neutrino beam SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB A conventional neutrino beam from a very intense proton source can provide a significant flux at long distances from existing laboratories. This paper will discuss an upgrade to the BNL AGS to produce such an intense proton source and describe a very long baseline neutrino experiment with a detector situated at the Homestake mine in South Dakota. We study the physics potential of a high intensity neutrino oscillation experiment with a 2540 km baseline and a peak neutrino energy of 1 GeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11725 USA. RP Kahn, SA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11725 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.081 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600040 ER PT J AU Geer, S AF Geer, S TI Summary and conclusions from the neutrino factory and beta beams group, APS multi-divisional study of the physics of neutrinos SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB Conclusions from the Neutrino Factory and Beta Beam working Group within the recent APS sponsored Neutrino Physics Study are summarized. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.082 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600041 ER PT J AU Ray, H AF Ray, H TI Implications of confirmation of the LSND v(mu)-> v(e) oscillation signal SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; SEARCH AB Neutrino oscillations have been observed in solar and atmospheric neutrinos, and in the LSND accelerator experiment. The Standard Model cannot accommodate all three positive results. The solar and atmospheric results have been confirmed. An oscillation signal seen by MimBooNE will validate the oscillation signal seen by LSND. The question then becomes one of refining the Standard Model to allow for these three results. Four theories which can accommodate all three oscillation observations are the existence of sterile neutrinos, CP(T) violation, the existence of variable mass neutrinos, and small Lorentz violations. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), located at Oak Ridge Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, will provide an ideal site to test these hypotheses. The SNS, due to turn on in 2008, will supply a high intensity neutrino source of known flux and energy spectrum. This source permits experiments to probe the high Am 2 region for measurements, where a positive signal from MiniBooNE would lie. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ray, H (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MiniBooNE MS 309, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 203 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.091 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600050 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG Sakuda, M AF Morfin, JG Sakuda, M TI Neutrino scattering physics at a Super Beam Facility SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; PION ABSORPTION; K2K; DETECTORS; RESONANCE; EVENTS; NUCLEI AB This is an overview of Neutrino Scattering Session (WG2). We find that at the time of a Super Neutrino Beam Facility there will already exist a relatively precise set of experimental results for (v) over bar - nucleus scattering. What this new facility will provide is the opportunity to attain equally precise results for (v) over bar - nucleus and v (v) over bar - nucleon scattering results. For the study of v (v) over bar - polarized target, the intensities and beam properties of a Neutrino Factory will be required. We also comment on a deficit at q(2) < 0.2(GeV/c)(2) region in the charged-current q(2) distribution. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM morfin@fnal.gov; sakuda@fphy.hep.okayama-u.ac.jp NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.094 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600053 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG TI The MINERvA experiment at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID SCATTERING AB The NuMI Facility at Fermilab will provide an extremely intense beam of neutrinos making it an ideal place for high statistics (anti)neutrino-nucleon/nucleus scattering experiments. The MINER nu A experiment at Fermilab is a collaboration of elementary- particle and nuclear physicists planning to use a fully active fine-grained solid scintillator detector. The overall goals of the experiment are to measure absolute exclusive cross-sections, nuclear effects in nu - A interactions and a systematic study of the resonance-DIS transition region including the extraction of high-x(Bj) parton distribution functions at low Q(2). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.099 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600058 ER PT J AU Simos, N Kirk, H Ludewig, H Thieberger, P Weng, WT McDonald, K Sheppard, J Evangelakis, G Yoshimura, K AF Simos, N Kirk, H Ludewig, H Thieberger, P Weng, WT McDonald, K Sheppard, J Evangelakis, G Yoshimura, K TI Target material irradiation studies for high-intensity accelerator beams SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB This paper presents results of recent experimental studies focusing on the behavior of special materials and composites under irradiation conditions and their potential use as accelerator targets. The paper also discusses the approach and goals of on-going investigations on an expanded material matrix geared toward the neutrino superbeam and muon collider initiatives. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Simos, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.033 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600064 ER PT J AU Fernow, RC Berg, JS Gallardo, JC Kirk, HG Palmer, RB Neuffer, D Paul, K AF Fernow, RC Berg, JS Gallardo, JC Kirk, HG Palmer, RB Neuffer, D Paul, K TI Study 2a neutrino-factory front-end design SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB We describe a new front end design for a neutrino factory. This design, denoted as Study 2a, was done as part of the APS study on the physics of neutrinos. The channel is 295 m long and produces 0.17 mu/p into the accelerator transverse acceptance of 30 mm and longitudinal acceptance of 150 mm. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 901A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014; OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973; Gallardo, Juan C/0000-0002-5191-3067 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 274 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.044 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600069 ER PT J AU Yonehara, K Alsharo'a, M Ankenbrandt, CM Hartline, RE Johnson, RP Kaplan, DM Kuchnir, M Moretti, A Popovic, M AF Yonehara, K Alsharo'a, M Ankenbrandt, CM Hartline, RE Johnson, RP Kaplan, DM Kuchnir, M Moretti, A Popovic, M TI High-pressure RF cavities for muon beam cooling SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB An 800 MHz RF test cell filled with high pressure gaseous hydrogen was used to study RF breakdown phenomena in hydrogen and helium gases as a function of pressure and temperature. The maximum achieved RF surface gradient was 80 MV/m at 1.83 MPa and 77 K, where the breakdown of the molybdenum electrodes of the test cell limited the study of the linear dependence of the breakdown voltage on gas density known as Paschen's Law. The test cell conditioning was also much faster in gas than in vacuum cavities. The high gradient and fast conditioning are encouraging results for the use of high-pressure RF cavities for ionization cooling of muon beams for muon colliders, neutrino factories, and intense sources. C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yonehara, K (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM yonehara@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.048 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600073 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Kahn, SA Palmer, RB AF Berg, JS Kahn, SA Palmer, RB TI Overview of acceleration for a Neutrino Factory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB This paper is an overview of the acceleration issues for a Neutrino Factory. It will discuss the types of acceleration used for muons in different energy regimes, the choices of RF frequency, the injection and extraction for accelerator rings, and the cost considerations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11725 USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11725 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014 OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 306 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.055 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600079 ER PT J AU Bogacz, SA AF Bogacz, SA TI Low energy stages - 'Dogbone' muon RLA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID ACCELERATOR AB A conceptual design of lower energy stages of muon accelerator is presented. The scheme is based on two superconducting, 200 MHz linacs: a single pass linear pre-accelerator followed by a multi-pass 'dogbone' recirculating linac (RLA). In the presented scenario, acceleration starts after ionization cooling at 273 MeV/c and proceeds to 5 GeV, where the beam is injected into a complex of FFAG rings for further acceleration. The key conceptual issues are addressed and implemented in the overall acceleration scheme: capture, acceleration, transport and preservation of large phase space of fast decaying species. Beam transport of large-momentum-spread beams is facilitated through appropriate lattice design choices. The proposed linear optics for 'droplet' return arcs optics is further supplemented with a sextupole correction to suppress chromatic effects contributing to the horizontal emittance dilution. C1 Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bogacz, SA (reprint author), Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.056 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600080 ER PT J AU Grassi, M Ishida, K Semertzidis, YK AF Grassi, M Ishida, K Semertzidis, YK TI Summary of Working Group 4 - Intense muon physics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN ID PREDICTION AB Various topics of muon physics were discussed in the Working Group 4 (WG4) of the NuFact04 workshop. This summary will survey various lepton flavor violation (LFV) studies and high precision measurement that could be benefited from higher fluxes of muon beams. Also discussed were muon's applications and future prospects for intense muon beams. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RIKEN, Adv Meson Sci Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grassi, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RI Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.080 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600085 ER PT J AU Semertzidis, YK AF Semertzidis, YK CA MECO Collaborat TI The MECO experiment at BNL SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 2004 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB The physics potential of the MECO experiment as well as the experimental method with some emphasis on extinction are described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 149 BP 372 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.05.072 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944NB UT WOS:000230434600097 ER PT J AU Berndt, M Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Wheeler, MF Yotov, I AF Berndt, M Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Wheeler, MF Yotov, I TI A mortar mimetic finite difference method on non-matching grids SO NUMERISCHE MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-EQUATIONS; ELEMENT METHODS; APPROXIMATIONS; MESHES AB We consider mimetic finite difference approximations to second order elliptic problems on non-matching multiblock grids. Mortar finite elements are employed on the non-matching interfaces to impose weak flux continuity. Optimal convergence and, in certain cases, superconvergence is established for both the scalar variable and its flux. The theory is confirmed by computational results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, ICES, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Berndt, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berndt@lanl.gov; lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov; mfw@ices.utexas.edu; yotov@math.pitt.edu RI Berndt, Markus/F-3185-2013; OI Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-599X J9 NUMER MATH JI Numer. Math. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 102 IS 2 BP 203 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00211-005-0631-4 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 992FD UT WOS:000233868900002 ER PT J AU Banfield, JF Verberkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Thelen, MP AF Banfield, JF Verberkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Thelen, MP TI Proteogenomic approaches for the molecular characterization of natural microbial communities SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IRON MOUNTAIN; MASS-SPECTROMETER; LEPTOSPIRILLUM-FERROOXIDANS; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; HYPOTHETICAL PROTEINS; SULFIDE MINERALS; PYRITE OXIDATION; YEAST PROTEOME; MIXED CULTURES AB At the present time we know little about how microbial communities function in their natural habitats. For example, how do microorganisms interact with each other and their physical and chemical surroundings and respond to environmental perturbations? We might begin to answer these questions if we could monitor the ways in which metabolic roles are partitioned amongst members as microbial communities assemble, determine how resources such as carbon, nitrogen, and energy are allocated into metabolic pathways, and understand the mechanisms by which organisms and communities respond to changes in their surroundings. Because many organisms cannot be cultivated, and given that the metabolisms of those growing in monoculture are likely to differ from those of organisms growing as part of consortia, it is vital to develop methods to study microbial communities in situ. Chemoautotrophic biofilms growing in mine tunnels hundreds of meters underground drive pyrite (FeS2) dissolution and acid and metal release, creating habitats that select for a small number of organism types. The geochemical and microbial simplicity of these systems, the significant biomass, and clearly defined biological-inorganic feedbacks make these ecosystem microcosms ideal for development of methods for the study of uncultivated microbial consortia. Our approach begins with the acquisition of genomic data from biofilms that are sampled over time and in different growth conditions. We have demonstrated that it is possible to assemble shotgun sequence data to reveal the gene complement of the dominant community members and to use these data to confidently identify a significant fraction of proteins from the dominant organisms by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. However, there are technical obstacles currently restricting this type of "proteogenomic" analysis. Composite genomic sequences assembled from environmental data from natural microbial communities do not capture the full range of genetic potential of the associated populations. Thus, it is necessary to develop bioinformatics approaches to generate relatively comprehensive gene inventories for each organism type. These inventories are critical for expression and functional analyses. In proteomic studies, for example, peptides that differ from those predicted from gene sequences can be measured, but they generally cannot be identified by database matching, even if the difference is only a single amino acid residue. Furthermore, many of the identified proteins have no known function. We propose that these challenges can be addressed by development of proteogenomic, biochemical, and geochemical methods that will be initially deployed in a simple, natural model ecosystem. The resulting approach should be broadly applicable and will enhance the utility and significance of genomic data from isolates and consortia for study of organisms in many habitats. Solutions draining pyrite-rich deposits are referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is a very prevalent, international environmental problem associated with energy and metal resources. The biological-mineralogical interactions that define these systems can be harnessed for energy-efficient metal recovery and removal of sulfur from coal. The detailed understanding of microbial ecology and ecosystem dynamics resulting from the proposed work will provide a scientific foundation for dealing with the environmental challenges and technological opportunities, and yield new methods for analysis of more complex natural communities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jill@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Thelen, Michael/C-6834-2008; Thelen, Michael/G-2032-2014; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 105 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 29 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 301 EP 333 DI 10.1089/omi.2005.9.301 PG 33 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 006UG UT WOS:000234922200002 PM 16402891 ER PT J AU Fridman, T Protopopescu, V Hurst, G Borziak, A Gorin, A AF Fridman, T Protopopescu, V Hurst, G Borziak, A Gorin, A TI Optimal construction of theoretical spectra for MS/MS spectra identification SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE DATABASES; TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; MODEL; OLAV AB We derive the optimal number of peaks (defined as the minimum number that provides the required efficiency of spectra identification) in the theoretical spectra as a function of (i) the experimental accuracy, sigma, of the measured ratio m/z; (ii) experimental spectrum density; (iii) size of the database; (iv) number of peaks in the theoretical spectra; and (v) types of ions that the peaks represent. We show that if theoretical spectra are constructed including b and y ions alone, then for sigma=0.5, which is typical for high-throughput data, peptide chains of eight amino acids or longer can be identified based on the positions of peaks alone, at a rate of false identification below 1%. To discriminate between shorter peptides, additional (e.g., intensity-inferred) information is necessary. We derive the dependence of the probability of false identification on the number of peaks in the theoretical spectra and on the types of ions that the peaks represent. Our results suggest that the class of mass spectrum identification problems, for which more elaborate development of fragmentation rules (such as intensity model) is required, can be reduced to the problems that involve homologous peptides. C1 Univ Tennessee, ORNL, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fridman, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, ORNL, Joint Inst Computat Sci, POB 2008,MS6164, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fridmant@ornl.gov RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1089/omi.2005.9.380 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 006UG UT WOS:000234922200006 PM 16402895 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE McClellan, KJ Bennett, BL AF Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE McClellan, KJ Bennett, BL TI Spectral emission of rare-earth doped Lu2SiO5 single crystals SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Lu2SiO5; emission spectra; rare-earth ions; phosphor ID SCINTILLATION MATERIALS; LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; OXYORTHOSILICATE; PHOSPHORS; GREEN AB Radioluminescence of float-zone grown single-crystal Lu2SiO5:RE (RE = Tb, Sm, Tm, Eu, Pr, Yb) has been measured and prominent electronic transitions have been identified. Tb, Sm and Tm are excellent host-lattice activators that yield strong emission relative to the luminescence from well-known Lu2SiO5:Ce. Eu- and Pr-doped Lu2SiO5 exhibit weak luminescence whereas the Yb-doped sample is non-luminescent in the UV-vis portion of the spectrum. With the possible exception of Lu2SiO5:Pr, Tb3+ is found to be an unintentional impurity in all samples investigated. Lu2SiO5:Sm is a candidate phosphor for radiation detection because it is dense and bright with orange-red emission that matches the spectral response of high-efficiency photodiodes. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST8, MS E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST8, MS E546, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cooke@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1781 EP 1786 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2004.11.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 969DE UT WOS:000232212800001 ER PT J AU Seely, JE Kjornrattanawanich, B Holland, GE Korde, R AF Seely, JE Kjornrattanawanich, B Holland, GE Korde, R TI Response of a SiC photodiode to extreme ultraviolet through visible radiation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; UV PHOTODIODES AB The responsivity of a type 6H-SiC photodiode in the 1.5-400 nm wavelength range was measured using synchrotron radiation. The responsivity was 0.20 A/W at 270 nm and was less than 0.10 A/W in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region. The responsivity was calculated using a proven optical model that accounted for the reflection and absorption of the incident radiation and the variation of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) with depth into the device. The CCE was determined from the responsivity measured in the 200-400 nm wavelength range. By use of this CCE and the effective pair creation energy (7.2 eV) determined from x-ray absorption measurements, the EUV responsivity was accurately modeled with no free parameters. The measured visible-light sensitivity, although low compared with that of a silicon photodiode, was surprisingly high for this wide bandgap semiconductor. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Int Radiat Detectors Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Seely, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3120 EP 3122 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003120 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300002 PM 16342695 ER PT J AU Windt, DL Seely, JF Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, YA AF Windt, DL Seely, JF Kjornrattanawanich, B Uspenskii, YA TI Terbium-based extreme ultraviolet multilayers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REFLECTION; SCANDIUM; FILMS AB Received July 20, 2005; revised manuscript received August 12, 2005; accepted August 16, 2005 We have fabricated periodic multilayers that comprise either Si/Tb or SiC/Tb bilayers, designed to operate as narrowband reflective coatings near 60 nm wavelength in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). We find peak reflectance values in excess of 20% near normal incidence. The spectral bandpass of the best Si/Tb multilayer was measured to be 6.5 nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM), while SiC/Tb multilayers have a more broad response, of order 9.4 nm FWHM. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of Si/Tb multilayers reveals polycrystalline Tb layers, amorphous Si layers, and relatively large asymmetric amorphous interlayers. Thermal annealing experiments indicate excellent stability to 100 degrees C (I h) for Si/Tb. These new multilayer coatings have the potential for use in normal incidence instrumentation in a region of the EUV where efficient narrowband multilayers have not been available until now. In particular, reflective Si/Tb multilayers can be used for solar physics applications where the coatings can be tuned to important emission lines such as 0 V near 63.0 nm and Mg X near 61.0 nm. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Windt, DL (reprint author), Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM windt@astro.columbia.edu RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3186 EP 3188 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003186 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300024 PM 16342715 ER PT J AU Dolling, G Enkrich, C Wegener, M Zhou, JF Soukoulis, CM AF Dolling, G Enkrich, C Wegener, M Zhou, JF Soukoulis, CM TI Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION; INDEX AB Received June 9, 2005; revised manuscript received August 11, 2005; accepted August 16, 2005 We study the optical properties of metamaterials made from cut-wire pairs or plate pairs. We obtain a more pronounced optical response for arrays of plate pairs, a geometry that also eliminates the undesirable polarization anisotropy of the cut-wire pairs. The measured optical spectra agree with simulations, revealing negative magnetic permeability in the range of telecommunications wavelengths. Thus nanoscopic plate pairs might serve as an alternative to the established split-ring resonator design. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Dolling, G (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, TH, Inst Angew Phys, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM christian.enkrich@physik.uni-karlsruhe.de RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342; NR 16 TC 352 Z9 356 U1 6 U2 58 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3198 EP 3200 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003198 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300028 PM 16342719 ER PT J AU Koenderink, AF Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Sandoghdar, V AF Koenderink, AF Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Sandoghdar, V TI Spontaneous emission in the near field of two-dimensional photonic crystals SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SOURCE; NANOCAVITY; BANDGAP AB We show theoretically that photonic crystal membranes cause large variations in the spontaneous emission rate of dipole emitters, not only inside but also in the near field above the membranes. Our three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations reveal an inhibition of more than five times and an enhancement of more than ten times for the spontaneous emission rate of emitters with select dipole orientations and frequencies. Furthermore, we demonstrate theoretically the potential of a nanoscopic emitter attached to the end of a glass fiber tip as a local probe for mapping the large spatial variations of the photonic crystal local radiative density of states. This arrangement is promising for on-command modification of the coupling between an emitter and the photonic crystal in quantum optical experiments. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Rethimnon, Greece. RP Koenderink, AF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM vahid.sandoghdar@ethz.ch RI Koenderink, A. Femius/A-3955-2008; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Sandoghdar, Vahid/C-7390-2013 OI Koenderink, A. Femius/0000-0003-1617-5748; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3210 EP 3212 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003210 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300032 PM 16342723 ER PT J AU Luengo Hendriks, CL van Ginkel, M Verbeek, PW van Vliet, LJ AF Luengo Hendriks, CL van Ginkel, M Verbeek, PW van Vliet, LJ TI The generalized Radon transform: Sampling, accuracy and memory considerations SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE Radon transform; Hough transform; parameterized shape detection; multi-dimensional image; error estimation; efficient implementation; image analysis ID HOUGH TRANSFORM; CURVE DETECTION; RECOGNITION; CURVATURE; IMAGES AB The generalized Radon (or Hough) transform is a well-known tool for detecting parameterized shapes in an image. The Radon transform is a mapping between the image space and a parameter space. The coordinates of a point in the latter correspond to the parameters of a shape in the image. The amplitude at that point corresponds to the amount of evidence for that shape. In this paper we discuss three important aspects of the Radon transform. The first aspect is discretization. Using concepts from sampling theory we derive a set of sampling criteria for the generalized Radon transform. The second aspect is accuracy. For the specific case of the Radon transform for spheres, we examine how well the location of the maxima matches the true parameters. We derive a correction term to reduce the bias in the estimated radii. The third aspect concents a projection-based algorithm to reduce memory requirements. (c) 2005 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Quantit Imaging Grp, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 84R171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clluengo@lbl.gov RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; van Vliet, Lucas/E-1678-2012 OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; van Vliet, Lucas/0000-0001-7018-726X NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 EI 1873-5142 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2494 EP 2505 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2005.04.018 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 975ZQ UT WOS:000232703000025 ER PT J AU Weigel, HJ Pacholski, A Burkart, S Helal, M Heinemeyer, O Kleikamp, B Manderscheid, R Fruhauf, C Hendrey, GF Lewin, K Nagy, J AF Weigel, HJ Pacholski, A Burkart, S Helal, M Heinemeyer, O Kleikamp, B Manderscheid, R Fruhauf, C Hendrey, GF Lewin, K Nagy, J TI Carbon turnover in a crop rotation under free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE agroecosystems; carbon; elevated CO2; FACE; soil ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ENERGY-BALANCE; DIOXIDE; WHEAT; COTTON; FIELD; FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon (C) turnover in agro-ecosystems. In order to allow the in situ examination of C-transformations in the plant-soil system of arable crop rotations under future [CO2], a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment (550 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) was started at Braunschweig, Germany in 1999. The crop rotation under investigation comprised winter barley, a cover crop (ryegrass), sugar beets and winter wheat. Assessments Of CO2 effects included the determination of above- and belowground biomass production, measurements of canopy CO2- and H2O- fluxes, soil microbial biomass and in situ soil respiration. The results obtained during the 1st crop rotation cycle (3 years) showed that for the selected crops elevated [CO2] entailed significant positive effects (P < 0.05) on aboveground (6%-14% stimulation) and belowground biomass production (up to 90% stimulation), while canopy evapotranspiration was reduced. This resulted in increased soil water content. Also, depending on crop type and season, high CO2 stimulated in situ soil respiration (up to 30%), while soil microbial biomass did not show significant respouses to elevated [CO2] during the first rotation cycle. C1 FAL, Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Agroecol, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. German Weather Serv, Dept Agr, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weigel, HJ (reprint author), FAL, Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Agroecol, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM hans.weigel@fal.de NR 44 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 728 EP 738 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 990YZ UT WOS:000233780600005 ER PT J AU Soukoulis, CM AF Soukoulis, CM TI The Sixth International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures (PECS-VI) - Preface SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukoulis@ameslab.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 J9 PHOTONICS NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2-3 BP 61 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2005.10.001 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 034NL UT WOS:000236935600001 ER PT J AU Koenderink, AF Wuest, R Buchler, BC Richter, S Strasser, P Kafesaki, M Rogach, A Wehrspohn, RB Soukoulis, CM Erni, D Robin, F Jackel, H Sandoghdar, V AF Koenderink, AF Wuest, R Buchler, BC Richter, S Strasser, P Kafesaki, M Rogach, A Wehrspohn, RB Soukoulis, CM Erni, D Robin, F Jackel, H Sandoghdar, V TI Near-field optics and control of photonic crystals SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures (PECS-VI) CY JUN, 2005 CL Aghia Pelaghia, GREECE DE photonic crystal; scanning near-field optical microscopy; integrated optics; cavity quantum electrodynamics; spontaneous emission ID MODIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; WAVE-GUIDES; BAND-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; MICROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOCAVITY; SILICON; MODES AB We discuss recent progress and the exciting potential of scanning probe microscopy methods for the characterization and control of photonic crystals. We demonstrate that scanning near-field optical microscopy can be used to characterize the performance of photonic crystal device components on the sub-wavelength scale. In addition, we propose scanning probe techniques for realizing local, low-loss tuning of photonic crystal resonances, based on the frequency shifts that high-index nanoscopic probes can induce. Finally, we discuss prospects for on-demand spontaneous emission control. We demonstrate theoretically that photonic crystal membranes induce large variations in spontaneous emission rate over length scales of 50 nm that can be probed by single light sources, or nanoscopic ensembles of light sources attached to the end of a scanning probe. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Phys Chem, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Electron Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Greece. Univ Munich, Dept Phys & CeNS, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Electromagnet Fields & Microwave Elect, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Greece. RP ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Phys Chem, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM vahid.sandoghdar@ethz.ch RI Koenderink, A. Femius/A-3955-2008; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Wehrspohn, Ralf/B-9197-2011; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Sandoghdar, Vahid/C-7390-2013; Buchler, Ben/D-4581-2009 OI Koenderink, A. Femius/0000-0003-1617-5748; Wehrspohn, Ralf/0000-0002-6588-8544; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Buchler, Ben/0000-0002-2852-7483 NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 EI 1569-4429 J9 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2-3 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2005.09.007 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 034NL UT WOS:000236935600002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Jia, QX Li, Y Zhang, X AF Wang, H Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Jia, QX Li, Y Zhang, X TI Thickness effects of SrTiO3 buffer layers on superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO coated conductor; SrTiO3; buffer; transport properties ID MGO TEMPLATE; IBAD MGO; FILMS; DEPOSITION; TAPES AB A thin layer of SrTiO3 has been successfully used as a buffer layer to grow high quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thick films on polycrystalline metal substrates with a biaxially oriented MgO template produced by ion-beam-assisted. deposition (IBAD). Using this architecture, 1.5 mu m-thick-YBCO films with an in-plane mosaic spread in the range of 2-3 degrees in full width at half maximum, and a critical current density over 2 MA/cm(2) in self-field at 75 K have been achieved routinely. More interestingly, we found the thickness of SrTiO3 buffer layers strongly affects the properties of YBCO films. The critical current density of YBCO films increases dramatically when the thickness of SrTiO3 buffer layer reaches an optimum range of 40-120 nm. Microstructure studies, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ion-milling experiments suggest that the YBCO texture evolution, STO outgrowths and STO surface dents are strongly related to STO thickness. They are the key factors for YBCO self-field J(c) variation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wangh@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 433 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.09.010 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 996HM UT WOS:000234165000007 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Trabert, E TI Spectroscopy of argon excited in an electron beam ion trap SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Review ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; HELIUM-LIKE ARGON; MAGNETIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; SOFT-X-RAY; ABSOLUTE WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENT; ATOMIC LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; LYMAN-ALPHA-TRANSITIONS; NE-LIKE SULFUR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LAMB SHIFT AB Argon is one of the gases best investigated and most widely used in plasma discharge devices for a multitude of applications that range from wavelength reference standards to controlled fusion experiments. Reviewing atomic physics and spectroscopic problems in various ionization stages of At, the past use and future options of employing an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) for better and more complete Ar data in the X-ray, EUV and visible spectral ranges are discussed. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@ep3.rub.de NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP C42 EP C50 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/72/6/N05 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002EL UT WOS:000234594200010 ER PT J AU Maslov, S Sneppen, K AF Maslov, S Sneppen, K TI Computational architecture of the yeast regulatory network SO PHYSICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Flexibility in Biomolecules CY MAY 15-18, 2005 CL Tempe, AZ ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EVOLUTIONARY RATE; DEPENDENCE; MOTIFS; NUMBER AB The topology of regulatory networks contains clues to their overall design principles and evolutionary history. We find that while in- and out-degrees of a given protein in the regulatory network are not correlated with each other, there exists a strong negative correlation between the out-degree of a regulatory protein and in- degrees of its targets. Such correlation positions large regulatory modules on the periphery of the network and makes them rather well separated from each other. We also address the question of relative importance of different classes of proteins quantified by the lethality of null-mutants lacking one of them as well as by the level of their evolutionary conservation. It was found that in the yeast regulatory network highly connected proteins are in fact less important than their low-connected counterparts. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Maslov, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sneppen@nbi.dk RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1478-3967 J9 PHYS BIOL JI Phys. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP S94 EP S100 DI 10.1088/1478-3975/2/4/S03 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 007UC UT WOS:000234994500004 PM 16280626 ER PT J AU Cingoz, A Nguyen, AT Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Lapierre, A Torgerson, JR AF Cingoz, A Nguyen, AT Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Lapierre, A Torgerson, JR TI Collisional perturbation of radio-frequency E1 transitions in an atomic beam of dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; SPECTRAL-LINES; GASES AB We have studied collisional perturbations of radio-frequency (rf) electric-dipole (E1) transitions between the nearly degenerate opposite-parity levels in atomic dysprosium (Dy) in the presence of 10 to 80 mu Torr of H-2, N-2, He, Ar, Ne, Kr, and Xe. Collisional broadening and shift of the resonance, as well as the attenuation of the signal amplitude are observed to be proportional to the foreign-gas density with the exception of H-2 and Ne, for which no shifts were observed. Corresponding rates and cross sections are presented. In addition, rates and cross sections for O-2 are extracted from measurements using air as foreign gas. The primary motivation for this study is the need for accurate determination of the shift rates, which are needed in a laboratory search for the temporal variation of the fine-structure constant [A. T. Nguyen, D. Budker, S. K. Lamoreaux, and J. R. Torgerson, Phys. Rev. A 69, 22105 (2004)]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cingoz, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM acingoz@berkeley.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 063409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.063409 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900100 ER PT J AU Dalvit, DAR Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH AF Dalvit, DAR Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH TI Predictability sieve, pointer states, and the classicality of quantum trajectories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MASTER-EQUATIONS; COHERENT STATES; OPEN SYSTEMS; DECOHERENCE; DIFFUSION; EINSELECTION; EMERGENCE; FEEDBACK; TIME; JUMP AB We study various measures of classicality of the states of open quantum systems subject to decoherence. Classical states are expected to be stable in spite of decoherence, and are thought to leave conspicuous imprints on the environment. Here these expected features of environment-induced superselection are quantified using four different criteria: predictability sieve (which selects states that produce least entropy), purification time (which looks for states that are the easiest to find out from the imprint they leave on the environment), efficiency threshold (which finds states that can be deduced from measurements on a smallest fraction of the environment), and purity loss time (that looks for states for which it takes the longest to lose a set fraction of their initial purity). We show that when pointer states-the most predictable states of an open quantum system selected by the predictability sieve-are well defined, all four criteria agree that they are indeed the most classical states. We illustrate this with two examples: an underdamped harmonic oscillator, for which coherent states are unanimously chosen by all criteria, and a free particle undergoing quantum Brownian motion, for which most criteria select almost identical Gaussian states (although, in this case, the predictability sieve does not select well defined pointer states). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Ctr Complex Syst, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 062101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.062101 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900018 ER PT J AU Neri, F AF Neri, F TI Quantum Bayesian methods and subsequent measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATES AB The use of Bayes theorem in quantum mechanics is discussed. It is shown that the quantum Bayes theorem follows from the ordinary quantum measurement theory, when applied to density operators that represent our a priori knowledge of a system. The examples studied involve measurements on multiple copies of the same (unknown) state. The theorem is used to determine the unknown state by successive measurements on several of the copies of the state. An idealized information-theoretic description of propagating CW laser beams is treated in detail. It is shown how photon detections on part of the beams can be used to determine the phase of the rest of the beams. Also discussed, are the limitations on the accuracy of the phase determination that follow from the fact that it is accomplished by the detection of a finite number of photons. Explicit expressions are derived for the conditional probabilities of detecting photons at different locations, given the numbers of photons detected in the past. The quantitative predictions could be used, in principle, to test proposed quantum states of propagating laser beams. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neri, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 062306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.062306 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900035 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Lee, TG Minami, T Schultz, DR AF Pindzola, MS Lee, TG Minami, T Schultz, DR TI Excitation and charge transfer in p+H(2s) collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-COUPLING METHOD; ELECTRON-HYDROGEN SCATTERING; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTION; ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; IMPACT-IONIZATION; STATES; PROTONS; CONVERGENCE; CAPTURE; H(2S) AB Excitation and charge transfer cross sections for proton collisions with 2s excited state hydrogen are calculated using time-dependent lattice, atomic-orbital close-coupling with pseudostates, and classical trajectory Monte Carlo methods. The time-dependent lattice calculation yields Delta n=1 excitation and Delta n=0 and Delta n=1 charge transfer cross sections at 5, 10, and 15 keV incident energy. The atomic-orbital close-coupling with pseudostates calculation yields excitation cross sections to n=3-5 and charge transfer cross sections to n=1-5 at a number of incident energies between 1 and 100 keV. The time-dependent lattice and close-coupling pseudostates calculations are found to be in good agreement with previous standard close-coupling results. The close-coupling with pseudostates calculations are used to benchmark the classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations, which are widely used in astrophysical and laboratory plasma modelling. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Lee, Teck Ghee/D-5037-2012 OI Lee, Teck Ghee/0000-0001-9472-3194 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 062703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.062703 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900068 ER PT J AU Trevisan, CS Orel, AE Rescigno, TN AF Trevisan, CS Orel, AE Rescigno, TN TI Resonant electron-CF collision processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CARBON MONOFLUORIDE; DIPOLE-MOMENT; STATES; PREDISSOCIATION; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; AFFINITY AB Electronic structure methods are combined with variational fixed-nuclei electron scattering calculations and nuclear dynamics studies to characterize resonant vibrational excitation and electron attachment processes in collisions between low-energy electrons and CF radicals. Several low-lying negative ion states are found which give rise to strong vibrational excitation and which are expected to dominate the low-energy electron scattering cross sections. We have also studied several processes which could lead to production of negative ions (F- and C-); however, in contrast to other recent predictions, we do not find CF in its ground state to be a significant source of negative ion production when interacting with thermal electrons. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Trevisan, CS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 062720 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.062720 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 998QU UT WOS:000234334900085 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Linear temperature dependence of the resistivity in the pseudogap state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB A concept is proposed, explaining the characteristic features of the in-plane resistivity of high-T-c layered cuprates above T-c: quasilinear temperature dependence and absence of the residual resistance in the extrapolation of the curve rho(T) from T>T-c to T=0. This concept is based on the idea of the pseudogap state structure described in previous works by the present author. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 212502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.212502 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400019 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Tsifrinovich, VI TI Theory of frequency shifts in the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals technique as a function of the spin location SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE FORCE MICROSCOPY AB The theory of the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals (OSCAR) in magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is extended to describe the relation between an external magnetic field and a dipole magnetic field for an arbitrary location of the single spin. An analytical estimate for the OSCAR MRFM frequency shift is derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. The dependence of the frequency shift on the position of the spin relative to the cantilever has characteristic maxima and minima which can be used to determine the spin location experimentally. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224406 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600042 ER PT J AU Bhatia, B Sholl, DS AF Bhatia, B Sholl, DS TI Quantitative assessment of hydrogen diffusion by activated hopping and quantum tunneling in ordered intermetallics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CUBIC LAVES PHASE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; ALLOYS; DIFFRACTION; MEMBRANES; METALS; MOTION; DEUTERIUM; LOCATION AB Diffusion of hydrogen in metals is a fundamental process in hydrogen storage in metal hydrides, hydrogen purification by metal membranes, and in hydrogen embrittlement. Quantitative applications of existing models for hydrogen diffusion by activated hopping and quantum tunneling require large scale first principles calculations that are not well suited to metal alloys containing many structurally distinct interstitial sites. We applied a semiclassically corrected version of harmonic transition state theory in conjunction with plane wave density functional theory to examine hydrogen diffusion in multiple C15 Laves phase AB(2) compounds and in bcc CuPd. Comparison with experimental data shows that this theory correctly captures the characteristics of hydrogen diffusion in these materials over a wide range of temperatures. This method is well suited to application in complex alloys. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600032 ER PT J AU Borgonovi, F Celardo, GL Berman, GP AF Borgonovi, F Celardo, GL Berman, GP TI Quantum signatures of the classical topological nonconnectivity threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN SYSTEMS; MECHANICS AB A quantum Heisenberg model with anisotropic coupling and all-to-all interaction has been analyzed using the Bose-Einstein statistics. In F. Borgonovi, G. L. Celardo, M. Maianti, and E. Pedersoli, J. Stat. Phys. 116, 1435 (2004), the existence of a disconnection in the classical phase space has been proved analytically. Such topological disconnection occurs when the energy exceeds a suitable threshold value, called the topological nonconnectivity threshold. We address here the problem of finding quantum signatures of such a threshold. An independent definition of the quantum nonconnectivity threshold, motivated by considerations strictly valid in the quantum regime, is given. We also discuss the dynamical relevance of the quantum border with respect to the quantum magnetic reversal. Contrary to the classical case the magnetization can flip even below the classical threshold through macroscopic quantum tunneling. We evaluate the time scale for magnetic reversal from statistical and spectral properties for a small number of particles and in the semiclassical limit. C1 Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borgonovi, F (reprint author), Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Via Musei 41, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. RI celardo, giuseppe/J-3629-2015 OI celardo, giuseppe/0000-0002-3679-1954 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224416 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600052 ER PT J AU Brady, SK Conradi, MS Majer, G Barnes, RG AF Brady, SK Conradi, MS Majer, G Barnes, RG TI Proton magnetic resonance spectra of YH3 and LuH3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION; SOLIDS; YD3 AB A paper published by some of the present authors showed an unexpected doublet structure in the rigid-lattice proton magnetic resonance spectra of YH3 and LuH3. In the present study accurate spectra which contain no doublet features are obtained for YH2.96 and LuH3 using the technique of magic echoes. It is shown that the original spectra were distorted by time shifting of the time-domain data. The applicability of using magic echoes with these two systems is justified theoretically and by comparison to free induction decays. The measured second moments of the present spectra agree well with values predicted by the Van Vleck formula, demonstrating that the broadening of the present spectra is almost entirely dipolar. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Phys, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214111 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400044 ER PT J AU Cao, J Haraldsen, JT Brown, S Musfeldt, JL Thompson, JR Zvyagin, S Krzystek, J Whangbo, MH Nagler, SE Torardi, CC AF Cao, J Haraldsen, JT Brown, S Musfeldt, JL Thompson, JR Zvyagin, S Krzystek, J Whangbo, MH Nagler, SE Torardi, CC TI Understanding low-energy magnetic excitations and hydrogen bonding in VOHPO4 center dot(2H2O)-H-1 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNON BOUND-STATES; VANADYL PYROPHOSPHATE; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; OXOVANADIUM PHOSPHATES; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; COMPOUND (VO)(2)P2O7; SPIN EXCITATIONS; LINEAR-CHAINS; DIMER AB We report the variable temperature vibrational properties of single crystals of the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet VOHPO4 center dot 1/2H(2)O. A pair of peaks in the far infrared spectral response may be due to magnetic excitations. We invoke a dynamic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya mechanism to explain the activation and polarization dependence of the singlet-to-triplet gap in the far infrared, and we identify the low-energy phonons that likely facilitate this coupling. The spin-gap values are compared to those obtained via magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance, and neutron scattering. Vibrational mode splitting in VOHPO4 center dot 1/2H(2)O indicates a weak local symmetry breaking near 180 K, and the low-temperature redshift of V-O and H-O related modes demonstrates enhanced low-temperature hydrogen bonding. The low lattice symmetry is important for the proposed magnetoelastic interactions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlab, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cao, Jinbo/C-7537-2009; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Haraldsen, Jason/B-9809-2012; Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Haraldsen, Jason/0000-0002-8641-5412; NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214421 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400090 ER PT J AU Chia, EEM Cheong, W Park, T Salamon, MB Choi, EM Lee, SI AF Chia, EEM Cheong, W Park, T Salamon, MB Choi, EM Lee, SI TI Effect of magnetic order on the superfluid response of single-crystal ErNi2B2C: A penetration depth study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; ER; IMPURITIES; TRANSPORT; LUNI2B2C; SURFACE AB We report measurements of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth Delta lambda(T) in single crystals of ErNi2B2C down to similar to 0.1 K using a tunnel-diode based, self-inductive technique at 21 MHz. We observe four features: (1) a slight dip in Delta lambda(T) at the Neel temperature T-N=6.0 K, (2) a peak at T-WFM=2.3 K, where a weak ferromagnetic component sets in, (3) another maximum at 0.45 K, and (4) a final broad drop down to 0.1 K. Converting to superfluid density rho(s), we see that the antiferromagnetic order at 6 K only slightly depresses superconductivity. We seek to explain some of the above features in the context of antiferromagnetic superconductors, where competition between the antiferromagnetic molecular field and spin fluctuation scattering determines increased or decreased pair breaking. Superfluid density data show only a slight decrease in pair density in the vicinity of the 2.3 K feature, thus supporting other evidence against a pure ferromagnetic state in this temperature range. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Superconduct, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Chia, EEM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Chia, Elbert/B-6996-2011 OI Chia, Elbert/0000-0003-2066-0834 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214505 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400113 ER PT J AU Demkowicz, MJ Argon, AS AF Demkowicz, MJ Argon, AS TI Liquidlike atomic environments act as plasticity carriers in amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; METALLIC GLASSES; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; VISCOPLASTIC DEFORMATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON; STRUCTURAL RELAXATIONS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; PRESSURE AB Molecular-dynamics simulation of amorphous silicon (a-Si) using the Stillinger-Weber potential reveals the existence of two distinct atomic environments: one solidlike and the other liquidlike. The mechanical behavior of a-Si when plastically deformed to large strain can be completely described by the mass fraction phi of liquidlike material in it. Specifically, samples with higher phi are more amenable to plastic flow, indicating that liquidlike atomic environments act as plasticity "carriers" in a-Si. When deformed under externally applied constant pressure, all a-Si samples converge to a unique value of phi characteristic of steady-state flow. C1 MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8 Struct Property Relat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM demkowicz@lanl.gov NR 89 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 245205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245205 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900039 ER PT J AU Demkowicz, MJ Argon, AS AF Demkowicz, MJ Argon, AS TI Autocatalytic avalanches of unit inelastic shearing events are the mechanism of plastic deformation in amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS MODEL; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; ATOMIC GLASS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATIONS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; TRANSITION; SIMULATION; STABILITY; VISCOSITY AB Discrete stress relaxations were found to be the source of low-temperature plastic flow in amorphous silicon (a-Si) as modeled by atomistic simulation using the Stillinger-Weber potential. These relaxations are triggered when a local yielding criterion is satisfied in a small cluster of atoms. The atomic rearrangements accompanying discrete stress relaxations are describable as autocatalytic avalanches of unit shearing events. Every such unit event centers on a clearly identifiable change in bond length between the two split peaks of the second nearest-neighbor shell in the radial distribution function of bulk a-Si in steady-state flow. C1 MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8 Struct Property Relat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM demkowicz@lanl.gov NR 64 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 245206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245206 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900040 ER PT J AU Fennell, T Petrenko, OA Fak, B Gardner, JS Bramwell, ST Ouladdiaf, B AF Fennell, T Petrenko, OA Fak, B Gardner, JS Bramwell, ST Ouladdiaf, B TI Neutron scattering studies of the spin ices Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 in applied magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND DY2TI2O7; PYROCHLORE FERROMAGNET; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HEAT; REFLECTIONS; FRUSTRATION; EXTINCTION; ANISOTROPY; ORDER; STATE AB Neutron diffraction has been used to investigate the magnetic correlations in single crystals of the spin ice materials Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 in an external magnetic field applied along either the [001] or [110] crystallographic directions. With the field applied along [001] a long range ordered ground state is selected from the spin ice manifold. With the field applied along [110] the spin system is separated into parallel (alpha) and perpendicular (beta) chains with respect to the field. This leads to partial ordering and the appearance of quasi-one-dimensional magnetic structures. In both field orientations this frustrated spin system is defined by the appearance of metastable states, magnetization plateaus and unusually slow, field regulated dynamics. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Royal Inst Great Britain, London W1S 4BS, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP ESRF, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz,BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. EM s.t.bramwell@ucl.ac.uk RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Petrenko, Oleg/E-2717-2013; Fennell, Tom/D-1912-2014 OI Petrenko, Oleg/0000-0003-1529-303X; NR 48 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224411 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600047 ER PT J AU Frandsen, C Bahl, CRH Lebech, B Lefmann, K Kuhn, LT Keller, L Andersen, NH von Zimmermann, M Johnson, E Klausen, SN Morup, S AF Frandsen, C Bahl, CRH Lebech, B Lefmann, K Kuhn, LT Keller, L Andersen, NH von Zimmermann, M Johnson, E Klausen, SN Morup, S TI Oriented attachment and exchange coupling of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; SIZE; NANOCRYSTALS; FERROFLUIDS; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES AB We show that antiferromagnetic nanoparticles of alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite) under wet conditions can attach into chains along a common [001] axis. Electron microscopy shows that such chains typically consist of two to five particles. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies show that both structural and magnetic correlations exist across the interfaces along the [001] direction. This gives direct evidence for exchange coupling between particles. Exchange coupling between nanoparticles can suppress superparamagnetic relaxation and it may play a role for attachment along preferred directions. The relations between exchange coupling, magnetic properties, and oriented attachment are discussed. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, DK-1263 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. ETH Zentrum, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. HASYLAB, Hamburger Synchrontronststrahlungslabor, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nano Sci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Frandsen, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI morup, steen/A-7944-2011; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Frandsen, Cathrine/A-5729-2011; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014 OI morup, steen/0000-0001-6074-1634; Frandsen, Cathrine/0000-0001-5006-924X; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400075 ER PT J AU Houzet, M Vinokur, V Pistolesi, F AF Houzet, M Vinokur, V Pistolesi, F TI Superharmonic Josephson relation at 0-/pi-junction transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-PHASE RELATION; JUNCTION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNET; FIELD AB Critical current was recently measured near the transition from 0 to pi-contact in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor Josephson junctions. Contrary to expectations, it does not vanish at the transition point. It shows instead a tiny, though finite, minimum. The observation of fractional Shapiro steps reenforces the idea that the vanishing of the main sinusoidal term in the Josephson relation gives room to the next harmonics. Within the quasiclassical approach we calculate the Josephson relation while taking into account the magnetic scattering. We find that the observed minimum is compatible with the value of the second harmonics expected from the theory. C1 DSM, DRFMC, SPSMS, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, UJF, Lab Phys & Modelisat Milieux Condenses, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP DSM, DRFMC, SPSMS, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI Pistolesi, Fabio/A-7537-2012 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 220506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.220506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600014 ER PT J AU Idrobo, JC Iddir, H Ogut, S Ziegler, A Browning, ND Ritchie, RO AF Idrobo, JC Iddir, H Ogut, S Ziegler, A Browning, ND Ritchie, RO TI Ab initio structural energetics of beta-Si3N4 surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; GROWTH; THICKNESS AB Motivated by recent electron microscopy studies on the Si3N4/rare-earth oxide interfaces, the atomic and electronic structures of bare beta-Si3N4 surfaces are investigated from first principles. The equilibrium shape of a Si3N4 crystal is found to have a hexagonal cross section and a faceted domelike base in agreement with experimental observations. The large atomic relaxations on the prismatic planes are driven by the tendency of Si to saturate its dangling bonds, which gives rise to resonant-bond configurations or planar sp(2)-type bonding. We predict three bare surfaces with lower energies than the open-ring (10 (1) over bar0) surface observed at the interface, which indicate that nonstoichiometry and the presence of the rare-earth oxide play crucial roles in determining the termination of the Si3N4 matrix grains. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 241301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.241301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900002 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JD Avdeev, M Hinks, DG Barnes, PW Short, S AF Jorgensen, JD Avdeev, M Hinks, DG Barnes, PW Short, S TI Thermal expansion and compressibility in superconducting NaxCoO2 center dot 4xD(2)O (x approximate to 1/3): Evidence for pressure-induced charge redistribution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; SODIUM COBALT OXIDE; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REFINEMENT; DEPENDENCE; NAXCOO2; PHASE AB We have performed thermal expansion and compressibility measurements on the recently discovered superconducting material NaxCoO2 center dot 4xD(2)O (x approximate to 1/3) using neutron powder diffraction over the temperature range 10-295 K and the pressure range 0-0.6 GPa. Pressure measurements were done in a helium-gas pressure cell. Both the thermal expansion and compressibility are very anisotropic, with the largest effects along the c axis, as would be expected for a layered material with weak hydrogen bonding nominally along the c axis. Near room temperature, the anisotropies of the thermal expansion and compressibility of the hexagonal crystal structure are nearly the same [(Delta c/c)/(Delta a/a)approximate to 3-4], with a 100 degrees C change in temperature being roughly equivalent to 0.2 GPa pressure. It might be then inferred that changes in atom position parameters are also the same, but this is not the case. While the effects of temperature on the atom positions are essentially what one might expect, the effects of pressure are surprising. With increasing pressure, the thickness of the CoO2 layer increases, due to the combined effects of an increasing Co-O bond length and changes in the O-Co-O angles of the CoO6 octahedra. We conclude that this unusual effect results from pressure-induced strengthening of the hydrogen bonding between the Na-x(D2O)(4x) layers and the CoO2 layers. The strengthening of these hydrogen bonds requires that charge be moved from elsewhere in the structure; hence, there is a pressure-induced charge redistribution that weakens (lengthens) the Co-O bonds and changes the electronic structure of the superconducting CoO2 layers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Avdeev, Maxim/A-5625-2008 OI Avdeev, Maxim/0000-0003-2366-5809 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224515 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600090 ER PT J AU Millis, AJ Zimmers, A Lobo, RPSM Bontemps, N Homes, CC AF Millis, AJ Zimmers, A Lobo, RPSM Bontemps, N Homes, CC TI Mott physics and the optical conductivity of electron-doped cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; QUANTUM CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE; HUBBARD-MODEL; PR2-XCEXCUO4; CRYSTAL; GROWTH; ENERGY AB The doping- and temperature-dependent conductivity of electron-doped cuprates is analyzed. The variation of kinetic energy with doping is shown to imply that the materials are approximately as strongly correlated as the hole-doped materials. The optical spectrum is fit to a quasiparticle scattering model; while the model fits the optical data well, factor of 3-4 inconsistencies with photoemission data are found, implying the presence of a large and doping-dependent Landau parameter. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, CNRS, UPR5, Phys Solide Lab, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224517 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600092 ER PT J AU Mozyrsky, D Dementsov, A Privman, V AF Mozyrsky, D Dementsov, A Privman, V TI Quantum dynamics of spins coupled by electrons in a one-dimensional channel SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LUTTINGER LIQUID; FERMI GAS; DOT; COMPUTATION; QUBITS; MODEL AB We develop a unified theoretical description of the induced interaction and quantum noise in a system of two spins (qubits) coupled via a quasi-one-dimensional electron gas in the Luttinger liquid regime. Our results allow evaluation of the degree of coherence in quantum dynamics driven by the induced indirect exchange interaction of localized magnetic moments due to conduction electrons, in channel geometries recently experimentally studied for qubit control and measurement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Mozyrsky, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 23 AR 233103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.233103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RE UT WOS:000234336000003 ER PT J AU Narvaez, GA Bester, G Zunger, A AF Narvaez, GA Bester, G Zunger, A TI Excitons, biexcitons, and trions in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots: Recombination energies, polarization, and radiative lifetimes versus dot height SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIAL THEORY; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES AB We calculate the height dependence of recombination energies, polarization, and radiative lifetimes of the optical transitions of various excitonic complexes: neutral excitons ( X-0 ), negatively ( X- ) and positively charged ( X+ ) trions, and biexcitons ( XX0 ) in lens- shaped, self- assembled In0.6Ga0.4As/ GaAs quantum dots. By using an atomistic pseudopotential method combined with the configuration- interaction method, we predict the following. ( i ) The recombination energy of the lowest transition of X- blueshifts as height increases, whereas that of X+ redshifts. Remarkably, the recombination of XX0 shows a redshift at small heights, reaches a maximum shift, and then blueshifts for taller dots. This feature results from the height dependence and relative magnitude of the interelectronic direct Coulomb interaction. ( ii ) Changes in dot height lead to a bound- to- unbound crossover for X-, X+, and XX0. ( iii ) When considering the [ 110 ] and [ 110 ] directions, the lowest transitions of X-0 and XX0 manifest [ 110 ] vs [ 11 0 ] in- plane polarization anisotropy that switches sign as a function of height as well as alloy randomness. X- and X+ show transitions with negligible polarization anisotropy regardless of height. ( iv ) The ground state of X-0 is split in a low- energy pair that is forbidden ( dark ) and a high- energy pair that is allowed; thus, at T= 0 K, the radiative lifetime tau ( X-0 ) is long ( similar to ms ) due to the dark exciton. On the other hand, at T= 10 K, tau ( X-0 ) decreases moderately as height increases and its magnitude ranges from 2 - 3 ns. The ground state of X- and X+, and that of XX0 is allowed ( bright ); so, tau ( X- ), tau ( X+ ), and tau ( XX0 ) are fast ( similar to ns ) even at T= 0 K. These radiative lifetimes depend weakly on height. In addition, tau ( X- ) similar to tau ( X+ ) similar or equal to 1.1 ns, while tau ( XX0 ) similar or equal to 0.5 ns. We compare our predictions with available spectroscopic data. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 245318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245318 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900062 ER PT J AU Neumeier, JJ Tomita, T Debessai, M Schilling, JS Barnes, PW Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JD AF Neumeier, JJ Tomita, T Debessai, M Schilling, JS Barnes, PW Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JD TI Negative thermal expansion of MgB2 in the superconducting state and anomalous behavior of the bulk Gruneisen function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MGB2; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; SINGLE; COPPER; HEAT AB The thermal expansion coefficient alpha of MgB2 is revealed to change from positive to negative on cooling through the superconducting transition temperature T-c. The Gruneisen function also becomes negative at T-c followed by a dramatic increase to large positive values at low temperature. The results suggest anomalous coupling between superconducting electrons and low-energy phonons. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Neumeier, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 220505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.220505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600013 ER PT J AU Park, JY Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA AF Park, JY Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA TI Atomic scale coexistence of periodic and quasiperiodic order in a 2-fold Al-Ni-Co decagonal quasicrystal surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; PHASE AB Decagonal quasicrystals are made of pairs of atomic planes with pentagonal symmetry periodically stacked along a 10-fold axis. We have investigated the atomic structure of the 2-fold surface of a decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystal using scanning tunneling microscopy. The surface consists of terraces separated by steps of heights 1.9, 4.7, 7.8, and 12.6 angstrom containing rows of atoms parallel to the 10-fold direction with an internal periodicity of 4 angstrom. The rows are arranged aperiodically, with separations that follow a Fibonacci sequence and inflation symmetry. The results indicate that the surfaces are preferentially Al-terminated and in general agreement with bulk models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 220201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.220201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600002 ER PT J AU Prozorov, R Giannetta, RW Polyanskii, AA Perkins, GK AF Prozorov, R Giannetta, RW Polyanskii, AA Perkins, GK TI Topological hysteresis in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-LOOP MODEL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BARRIER AB Magneto-optical imaging of thick stress-free lead samples reveals two distinct topologies of the intermediate state. Flux tubes are formed upon magnetic-field penetration (closed topology), and laminar patterns appear upon flux exit (open topology). Two-dimensional distributions of shielding currents were obtained by applying an efficient inversion scheme. Quantitative analysis of the magnetic induction distribution and correlation with magnetization measurements indicate that observed topological differences between the two phases are responsible for experimentally observable magnetic hysteresis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 212508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.212508 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400025 ER PT J AU Qazilbash, MM Koitzsch, A Dennis, BS Gozar, A Balci, H Kendziora, CA Greene, RL Blumberg, G AF Qazilbash, MM Koitzsch, A Dennis, BS Gozar, A Balci, H Kendziora, CA Greene, RL Blumberg, G TI Evolution of superconductivity in electron-doped cuprates: Magneto-Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; PR2-XCEXCUO4-Y THIN-FILMS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAP EXCITATIONS; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; PAIRING SYMMETRY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The electron-doped cuprates Pr2-xCexCuO4-delta and Nd2-xCexCuO4-delta have been studied by electronic Raman spectroscopy across the entire region of the superconducting (SC) phase diagram. The SC pairing strength is found to be consistent with a weak-coupling regime except in the underdoped region where we observe an in-gap collective mode at 4.5k(B)T(c) while the maximum amplitude of the SC gap is approximate to 8k(B)T(c). In the normal state, doped carriers divide into coherent quasiparticles (QPs) and carriers that remain incoherent. The coherent QPs mainly reside in the vicinity of (+/-pi/2a, +/-pi/2a) regions of the Brillouin zone (BZ). We find that only coherent QPs contribute to the superfluid density in the B-2g channel. The persistence of SC coherence peaks in the B-2g channel for all dopings implies that superconductivity is mainly governed by interactions between the holelike coherent QPs in the vicinity of (+/-pi/2a, +/-pi/2a) regions of the BZ. We establish that superconductivity in the electron-doped cuprates occurs primarily due to pairing and condensation of holelike carriers. We have also studied the excitations across the SC gap by Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) for several different cerium dopings (x). Effective upper critical field lines H-c2(*)(T,x) at which the superfluid stiffness vanishes and H-c2(2 Delta)(T,x) at which the SC gap amplitude is suppressed by fields have been determined; H-c2(2 Delta)(T,x) is larger than H-c2(*)(T,x) for all doping concentrations. The difference between the two quantities suggests the presence of phase fluctuations that increase for x less than or similar to 0.15. It is found that the magnetic field suppresses the magnitude of the SC gap linearly at surprisingly small fields. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. ISSMR, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM girsh@bell-labs.com NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214510 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400118 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, FJ Tangney, P Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Ribeiro, FJ Tangney, P Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Structural and electronic properties of carbon in hybrid diamond-graphite structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY; HEXAGONAL DIAMOND; PRESSURE; PHASE; TRANSFORMATION; STABILITY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SILICON; STATE; FORM AB In this paper we report on ab initio pseudopotential density-functional calculations of some possible high-pressure phases of carbon. The total energies of several hybrid diamond-graphite structures were calculated as a function of volume using density-functional theory and the local density approximation. The lowest calculated transition pressures between hexagonal-graphite and hybrid structures were 17 and 20 GPa, which compare well with the experimental value of 14 GPa for the transition at low temperatures between graphite and a still unidentified hard transparent phase. The electronic densities of states for the different structures are presented. Also, the x-ray powder diffraction patterns for a few structures were simulated and qualitatively compared to published experimental diffraction patterns. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tangney, Paul/D-1623-2010; OI Ribeiro, Filipe/0000-0003-3843-7702 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214109 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400042 ER PT J AU Simon, P Entin-Wohlman, O Aharony, A AF Simon, P Entin-Wohlman, O Aharony, A TI Flux-dependent Kondo temperature in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with an in-line quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; NORMAL-METAL RINGS; PERSISTENT CURRENTS; INTERFERENCE; COHERENCE; RESONANCE; DETECTOR; LOOP AB An Aharonov-Bohm interferometer (ABI) carrying a quantum dot on one of its arms is analyzed. It is found that the Kondo temperature of the device may depend strongly on the magnetic flux penetrating the ring. As a result, mesoscopic finite-size effects appear leading to plateaus in the finite-temperature conductance as function of the flux. The possibility to deduce the transmission phase shift of the quantum dot from measurements of the ABI conductance when it is opened (i.e., is connected to more than two leads) is examined, leading to the conclusion that finite-size effects, when significant, may hinder the detection of the Kondo phase shift. C1 CNRS, Lab Phys & Modelisat Milieux Condenses, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Albert Einstein Minerva Ctr Theoret Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP CNRS, Lab Phys & Modelisat Milieux Condenses, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 245313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245313 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900057 ER PT J AU van de Lagemaat, J AF van de Lagemaat, J TI Einstein relation for electron diffusion on arrays of weakly coupled quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTAL SOLIDS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SILICON; COEFFICIENT; EFFICIENCY; DISORDER AB The transport of electrons on arrays of weakly coupled quantum dots is studied using computer simulations. Distinct minima in the conductivity of the arrays are found for conditions that correspond to filled shells and to integer charging of the quantum dots when the size distribution of the dots is sufficiently small. It is found that the Fickian diffusion coefficient for electrons deviates strongly from that predicted using the Einstein relation, especially in regions where the conductivity spectrum of the array shows minima due to a Coulomb blockade or shell filling. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van de Lagemaat, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 23 AR 235319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.235319 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RE UT WOS:000234336000075 ER PT J AU Wakimoto, S Kim, YJ Kim, H Zhang, H Gog, T Birgeneau, RJ AF Wakimoto, S Kim, YJ Kim, H Zhang, H Gog, T Birgeneau, RJ TI Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITATIONS; SPECTRA AB Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the copper K absorption edge has been performed for heavily overdoped samples of La2-xSrxCuO4 with x=0.25 and 0.30. We have observed the charge-transfer and molecular-orbital excitations, which exhibit resonances at incident energies of E-i=8.992 and 8.998 keV, respectively. From a comparison with previous results on undoped and optimally doped samples, we determine that the charge-transfer excitation energy increases monotonically as doping increases. In addition, the E-i dependences of the RIXS spectral weight and absorption spectrum exhibit no clear peak at E-i=8.998 keV in contrast to results in the underdoped samples. The low-energy (<= 3 eV) continuum excitation intensity has been studied utilizing the high-energy resolution of 0.13 eV (full width at half maximum). A comparison of the RIXS profiles at (pi 0) and (pi pi) indicates that the continuum intensity exists even at (pi pi) in the overdoped samples, whereas it has been reported only at (0 0) and (pi 0) for the x=0.17 sample. Furthermore, we also found an additional excitation on top of the continuum intensity at the (pi pi) and (pi 0) positions. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CAT, CMC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wakimoto, S (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM swakimoto@neutrons.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 22 AR 224508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.224508 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RA UT WOS:000234335600083 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Baer, DR Weber, WJ Thomas, LE Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G AF Wang, CM Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Baer, DR Weber, WJ Thomas, LE Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G TI Self-assembling of nanocavities in TiO2 dispersed with Au nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL RUTILE; IMPLANTATION; DIFFUSION; SURFACES; MGO(100); MGO; MORPHOLOGY; CLUSTERS; DEFECTS; STATE AB There has been considerable research effort on tailoring the nonlinear optical properties of dielectric materials by dispersing nanometer-sized metallic clusters in them. It has been proposed that the optical response of this type of material is related to the quantum antidots (vacancy clusters), which is spatially located at the interface between the metal cluster and the dielectric matrix. In order to clarify the vacancy clustering behavior as well as its correlation with Au clustering, single crystal TiO2 has been implanted with Au ions at 975 K and subsequently annealed at 1275 K for 10 h. A characteristic self-assembling of nanocavities along the boundary between the region of Au clusters and the free surface has been observed in the present system. These cavities are faceted along TiO2(110) and have a size of similar to 10 nm. High angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) revealed that vacancy clusters of similar to 2 nm in size also exist in the Au populated regions. Formation of cavities in Au-irradiated TiO2 strongly indicates that vacancy clustering processes prevail over Frenkel-pair recombination. Furthermore, the Au atoms substitution for Ti in TiO2 is also directly observed by STEM-HAADF imaging and by channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 24 AR 245421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245421 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998TP UT WOS:000234342900104 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Gehring, PM Shirane, G AF Xu, GY Gehring, PM Shirane, G TI Persistence and memory of polar nanoregions in a ferroelectric relaxor under an electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The response of polar nanoregions (PNR) in the ferroelectric relaxor Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(0.92)Ti-0.08]O-3 subject to a [111]-oriented electric field has been studied by neutron diffuse scattering. Contrary to classical expectations, the diffuse scattering associated with the PNR persists, and is even partially enhanced, after field cooling. The effect of the external electric field is retained by the PNR after the field is removed. The "memory" of the applied field reappears even after heating the system above the Curie temperature T-C and cooling in zero field. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 214106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.214106 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400039 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM TI Structure and energetics of water adsorbed on the ZnO(10(1)over-bar0) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ZINC-OXIDE; PARTIAL DISSOCIATION; ZNO SURFACES; H2O; PHOTOCATALYSIS; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; ADSORPTION; SCIENCE AB We present first-principles total-energy calculations of water adsorption on the ZnO(1010) surface. We find that on ideal ZnO(1010) surfaces, the fully molecular chemisorption is most energetically favorable at coverage <= 0.5 ML, whereas at 1 ML, the mixed adsorption with a (2x1) superstructure is most energetically favorable. However, the mixed adsorption with a (2x2) superstructure is only 0.07 eV higher per H2O molecule than the mixed adsorption with a (2x1) superstructure. Therefore, we expect that domains with mixed (2x1) and (2x2) structures may also exist at elevated temperatures. Moreover, we find that oxygen vacancies in the surface significantly affect the adsorption behavior. For an oxygen vacancy density <= 25%, the dissociative adsorption is energetically preferred at water coverage <= 0.25 ML and the mixed adsorption is energetically favorable at water coverage >= 0.5 ML. The further increase of oxygen vacancy density promotes the dissociative adsorption. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 23 AR 235406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.235406 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RE UT WOS:000234336000095 ER PT J AU Ye, F Fernandez-Baca, JA Dai, PC Lynn, JW Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y AF Ye, F Fernandez-Baca, JA Dai, PC Lynn, JW Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y TI Electronically smecticlike liquid-crystal phase in a nearly half-doped manganite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CHARGE; PHYSICS AB We use neutron scattering to study the spin and charge-orbital ordering (CO-OO) in the nearly half-doped perovskite manganite Pr-0.55(Ca0.8Sr0.2)(0.45)MnO3 (PCSMO). On cooling from room temperature, PCSMO first enters into a CO-OO state below T-CO and then becomes a CE-type long-range ordered antiferromagnet below T-N. At temperatures above T-N but below T-CO (T-N< T < T-CO), the spins in PCSMO form highly anisotropic smectic liquid-crystal-like texture with ferromagnetic (FM) quasi-long-range ordered one-dimensional zigzag chains weakly coupled antiferromagnetically. Such a magnetic smecticlike phase results directly from the spin-orbit interaction and demonstrates the presence of textured "electronic soft" phases in doped Mott insulators. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Ye, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7695-2016; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7646-2016 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 21 AR 212404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.212404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998QY UT WOS:000234335400008 ER PT J AU Back, BB AF Back, BB TI Consequences of energy conservation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; SUPERDENSE MATTER; AU+AU COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; DEPENDENCE; PARTON; MODEL; QCD AB Complete characterization of particle production and emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is in general not feasible experimentally. This work demonstrates, however, that the availability of essentially complete pseudorapidity distributions for charged particles allows for a reliable estimate of the average transverse momenta and energy of emitted particles by requiring energy conservation in the process. The results of such an analysis for Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 130 and 200 GeV are compared with measurements of mean-p(T) and mean-E-T in regions where such measurements are available. The mean-p(T) dependence on pseudorapidity for Au+Au collisions at 130 and 200 GeV is given for different collision centralities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064906 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400072 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Mohr, WH Vanhoy, JR Riley, MA Aguilar, A Teal, C Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Zhu, S Kondev, FG Djongolov, MK Danchev, M Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK Ma, WC Odegard, SW AF Hartley, DJ Mohr, WH Vanhoy, JR Riley, MA Aguilar, A Teal, C Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hecht, AA Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Zhu, S Kondev, FG Djongolov, MK Danchev, M Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Sletten, G Chowdhury, P Tandel, SK Ma, WC Odegard, SW TI Detailed high-spin spectroscopy and the search for the wobbling mode in Ta-171 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; COINCIDENCE DATA; BAND; EXCITATIONS; ISOTOPES; STATES; TRANSITIONS AB High-spin states in Ta-171 were populated in the Sn-124(V-51,4n) reaction at 228 MeV to search for evidence of stable triaxial deformation. Identification of a wobbling sequence based on the previously known pi i(13/2) structure would provide a unique signature for this rarely observed shape. No such sequence was identified in these data, which suggests that the island of triaxial strongly deformed bands may be smaller than once thought. However, over 200 new transitions and two new bands were placed in the level scheme and the sequence based on the pi i(13/2) orbital could be observed up to spin and parity I-pi=(101/2(+)). The relative excitations of all the sequences were determined and the ground state of Ta-171 was found to have 5/2(+) quantum numbers, contrary to previous reports. All of the previously known structures were extended to much higher spin and their high-frequency band crossings are interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064325 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400038 ER PT J AU Haxton, WC Nollett, KM Zurek, KM AF Haxton, WC Nollett, KM Zurek, KM TI Piecewise moments method: Generalized Lanczos technique for nuclear response surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; WEAK INTERACTION RATES; MASS RANGE A=45-65; SUPERNOVAE; DYNAMICS AB For some years Lanczos moments methods have been combined with large-scale shell-model calculations in evaluations of the spectral distributions of certain operators. This technique is of great value because the alternative, a state-by-state summation over final states, is generally not feasible. The most celebrated application is to the Gamow-Teller operator, which governs beta decay and neutrino reactions in the allowed limit. The Lanczos procedure determines the nuclear response along a line q=0 in the (omega,q) plane, where omega and q are the energy and three-momentum transferred to the nucleus, respectively. However, generalizing such treatments from the allowed limit to general electroweak response functions at arbitrary momentum transfers seems considerably more difficult: The response function must be determined over the entire (omega,q) plane for an operator O(q) that is not fixed, but depends explicitly on q. Such operators arise in any semileptonic process in which the momentum transfer is comparable with (or larger than) the inverse nuclear size. Here we show, for Slater determinants built on harmonic-oscillator basis functions, that the nuclear response for any multipole operator O(q) can be determined efficiently over the full response plane by a generalization of the standard Lanczos moments method. We describe the piecewise moments method and thoroughly explore its convergence properties for the test case of electromagnetic responses in a full sd-shell calculation of Si-28. We discuss possible extensions to a variety of electroweak processes, including charged- and neutral-current neutrino scattering. C1 Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Haxton, WC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.065501 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400090 ER PT J AU Koch, V Majumder, A Randrup, J AF Koch, V Majumder, A Randrup, J TI Signals of spinodal hadronization: Strangeness trapping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE RATIOS; COLLISIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; QCD; TRANSITION AB If the deconfinement phase transformation of strongly interacting matter is of first order and the expanding chromodynamic matter created in a high-energy nuclear collision enters the corresponding region of phase coexistence, a spinodal phase separation might occur. The matter would then condense into a number of separate blobs, each having a particular net strangeness that would remain approximately conserved during the further evolution. We investigate the effect that such strangeness trapping may have on strangeness-related hadronic observables. The kaon multiplicity fluctuations are significantly enhanced and thus provide a possible tool for probing the nature of the phase transition experimentally. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064903 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400069 ER PT J AU Lipoglavsek, M Vencelj, M Baktash, C Fallon, P Hausladen, PA Likar, A Yu, CH AF Lipoglavsek, M Vencelj, M Baktash, C Fallon, P Hausladen, PA Likar, A Yu, CH TI Sn-100 core excitations in Ag-97 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMASPHERE; SHELL AB Excited states of Ag-97, which has three protons less than doubly magic Sn-100, were identified up to 7 MeV excitation energy and J=(33/2). The reaction Ti-46+Ni-58 was employed together with the Gammasphere Ge detector array coupled with Microball and Neutron Shell auxiliary detectors. The measured states are compared with a large-scale shell-model calculation. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. RP Lipoglavsek, M (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM matej.lipoglavsek@ijs.si NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 061304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.061304 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400006 ER PT J AU Mason, P Benzoni, G Bracco, A Camera, F Million, B Wieland, O Leoni, S Singh, AK Al-Khatib, A Hubel, H Bringel, P Burger, A Neusser, A Schonwasser, G Nyako, BM Timar, J Algora, A Dombradi, Z Gal, J Kalinka, G Molnar, J Sohler, D Zolnai, L Juhasz, K Hagemann, GB Hansen, CR Herskind, B Sletten, G Kmiecik, M Maj, A Styczen, J Zuber, K Azaiez, F Hauschild, K Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Roccaz, J Siem, S Hannachi, F Scheurer, JN Bednarczyk, P Byrski, T Curien, D Dorvaux, O Duchene, G Gall, B Khalfallah, F Piqueras, I Robin, J Patel, SB Evans, OA Rainovski, G Petrache, CM Petrache, D Rana, GL Moro, R Angelis, GD Falon, P Lee, IY Lisle, JC Cederwall, B Lagergen, K Lieder, RM Podsvirova, E Gast, W Jager, H Redon, N Gorgen, A AF Mason, P Benzoni, G Bracco, A Camera, F Million, B Wieland, O Leoni, S Singh, AK Al-Khatib, A Hubel, H Bringel, P Burger, A Neusser, A Schonwasser, G Nyako, BM Timar, J Algora, A Dombradi, Z Gal, J Kalinka, G Molnar, J Sohler, D Zolnai, L Juhasz, K Hagemann, GB Hansen, CR Herskind, B Sletten, G Kmiecik, M Maj, A Styczen, J Zuber, K Azaiez, F Hauschild, K Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Roccaz, J Siem, S Hannachi, F Scheurer, JN Bednarczyk, P Byrski, T Curien, D Dorvaux, O Duchene, G Gall, B Khalfallah, F Piqueras, I Robin, J Patel, SB Evans, OA Rainovski, G Petrache, CM Petrache, D Rana, GL Moro, R Angelis, GD Falon, P Lee, IY Lisle, JC Cederwall, B Lagergen, K Lieder, RM Podsvirova, E Gast, W Jager, H Redon, N Gorgen, A TI Evidence for octupole correlations in Ba-124,Ba-125 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-SPIN STATES; NUCLEI; BA-126; SPECTROMETER; EUROBALL; DETECTOR; CLOVER AB The gamma decay of the nuclei Ba-124,Ba-125 has been investigated by means of the EUROBALL spectrometer, coupled to the DIAMANT array of charged-particle detectors, using the reaction Ni-64 + Ni-64 at E-beam=255 and 261 MeV. In the nucleus Ba-125 six new E1 transitions have been found to link opposite-parity bands currently interpreted as nu d(5/2)(+g(7/2)),nu h(11/2) structures. The previously unknown J(pi) = 3(-) level in the nucleus Ba-124 has also been identified; its excitation energy is accurately reproduced by a microscopic calculation including octupole correlations. Both issues are bolstered by sizable B(E1)/B(E2) ratios. C1 Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Fac Informat, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. CNRS, CSNSM Orsay, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. CNRS, Inst Rech Subatom, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Bombay, Dept Phys, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Camerino, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Dept Phys Sci, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Forschungszentrum, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Mason, P (reprint author), Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM paolo.mason@mi.infn.it RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012; Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008 OI Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390; Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064315 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400028 ER PT J AU Matevosyan, HH Thomas, AW Miller, GA AF Matevosyan, HH Thomas, AW Miller, GA TI Study of lattice QCD form factors using the extended Gari-Krumpelmann model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SCATTERING; PROTON AB We explore the suitability of a modern vector meson dominance (VMD) model as a method for chiral extrapolation of nucleon electromagnetic form factor simulations in lattice QCD. It is found that the VMD fits to experimental data can be readily generalized to describe the lattice simulations. However, the converse is not true. That is, the VMD form is unsuitable as a method of extrapolation of lattice simulations at large quark mass to the physical regime. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Matevosyan, HH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 202 Nicholson Hall,Tower Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Matevosyan, Hrayr/0000-0002-4074-7411 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 065204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.065204 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400081 ER PT J AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L AF Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L TI Compound nuclear decay and the liquid-vapor phase transition: A physical picture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINITE-SIZE BEHAVIOR; LATTICE; MATTER; HOT; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; FRAGMENTATION; CONDENSATION; REGION AB Analyses of multifragmentation in terms of the Fisher droplet model (FDM) and the associated construction of a nuclear phase diagram bring forth the problem of the actual existence of the nuclear vapor phase and the meaning of its associated pressure. We present here a physical picture of fragment production from excited nuclei that solves this problem and establishes the relationship between the FDM and the standard compound nucleus decay rate for rare particles emitted in first-chance decay. The compound thermal emission picture is formally equivalent to an FDM-like equilibrium description and avoids the problem of the vapor while also explaining the observation of Boltzmann-like distribution of emission times. In this picture, a simple Fermi gas thermometric relation is naturally justified and verified in the fragment yields and time scales. Low-energy compound nucleus fragment yields scale according to the FDM and lead to an estimate of the infinite symmetric nuclear matter critical temperature between 18 and 27 MeV depending on the choice of the surface energy coefficient of nuclear matter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064605 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400051 ER PT J AU Odahara, A Gono, Y Fukuchi, T Wakabayashi, Y Sagawa, H Satula, W Nazarewicz, W AF Odahara, A Gono, Y Fukuchi, T Wakabayashi, Y Sagawa, H Satula, W Nazarewicz, W TI Pairing correlations in high-spin isomers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-STAR DENSITIES; QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; SKYRME PARAMETRIZATION; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; LEVEL STRUCTURE; REGION; SUBNUCLEAR; ISOTONES; SPECTRA; SM-145 AB High-spin isomers with J(pi)=49/2(+) and 27(+) have been systematically observed in a number of N=83 isotones with 60 <= Z <= 67 at excitation energies similar to 9 MeV. Based on experimental excitation energies, an odd-even binding energy staggering has been extracted for the first time for these multi-quasiparticle states. Surprisingly, the magnitude of the odd-even effect in high-spin isomers turned out to be very close to that in ground states, thus challenging conventional wisdom that pairing correlations are reduced in highly excited states. Theoretical analysis based on mean-field theory explains the observed proton number dependence of the odd-even effect as a manifestation of strong pairing correlations in the highly excited states. Mean-field effects and the proton-neutron residual interaction on the odd-even staggering are also examined. C1 Nishnippon Inst Technol, Fukuoka 8000394, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Fukushima 9658580, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Odahara, A (reprint author), Nishnippon Inst Technol, Fukuoka 8000394, Japan. RI Fukuchi, Tomonori/D-3855-2017 OI Fukuchi, Tomonori/0000-0003-3566-9954 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 061303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.061303 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400005 ER PT J AU Padgett, SW Tripathi, V Tabor, SL Mantica, PF Hoffman, CR Wiedeking, M Davies, AD Liddick, SN Mueller, WF Stolz, A Tomlin, BE AF Padgett, SW Tripathi, V Tabor, SL Mantica, PF Hoffman, CR Wiedeking, M Davies, AD Liddick, SN Mueller, WF Stolz, A Tomlin, BE TI Spectroscopy of Ne-25 and the N=16 magic number SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; MASS; REGION; BEAMS; O-28; N=20 AB The low-energy level structure of Ne-25 has been investigated following the beta(-) decay of F-25. Beta-delayed gamma spectroscopy revealed new gamma transitions in Ne-25 at 1234, 1622, and 2090 keV. The new transitions were placed in the level scheme of Ne-25 in accordance with the observed gamma-gamma coincidences. The total beta(-) decay strength has been accounted for. The spins and parities of the first two excited states could be ascertained by comparison with a shell model calculation and the literature. The half-life for F-25 decay was also remeasured using fragment-beta-gamma correlations, revealing a value of 90 +/- 9 ms. Comparison with shell model calculations are indicative of a wider N = 16 gap as compared to the stable nuclei. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tripathi, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064330 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400043 ER PT J AU Petrache, CM Fantuzi, M LoBianco, G Mengoni, D Neusser-Neffgen, A Hubel, H Al-Khatib, A Bringel, P Burger, A Nenoff, N Schonwasser, G Singh, AK Ragnarsson, I Hagemann, GB Herskind, B Jensen, DR Sletten, G Fallon, P Gorgen, A Bednarczyk, P Curien, D Gangopadhyay, G Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Rao, BVT Reddy, TS Singh, N AF Petrache, CM Fantuzi, M LoBianco, G Mengoni, D Neusser-Neffgen, A Hubel, H Al-Khatib, A Bringel, P Burger, A Nenoff, N Schonwasser, G Singh, AK Ragnarsson, I Hagemann, GB Herskind, B Jensen, DR Sletten, G Fallon, P Gorgen, A Bednarczyk, P Curien, D Gangopadhyay, G Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Rao, BVT Reddy, TS Singh, N TI Evolution from spherical single-particle structure to stable triaxiality at high spins in Nd-140 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEI; EXCITATIONS; EUROBALL; ISOTONES; MOMENTS; CE-133; DY-152 AB The level structure of Nd-140(60)80 has been established up to spin 48 by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy by use of the Zr-96(Ca-48, 4n) reaction. High-fold gamma-ray coincidences were measured with the EUROBALL spectrometer. Twelve new rotational bands have been discovered at high spins. They are interpreted as being formed in a deep triaxial minimum at epsilon(2) approximate to 0.25 and gamma approximate to 35(degrees). Possible configurations are assigned to the observed bands on the basis of configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. C1 Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Camerino, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Mat Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Polish Acad Sci, Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Calcutta, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Kolkata 700009, W Bengal, India. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. Andhra Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Waltair 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. RP Petrache, CM (reprint author), Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. RI CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; Petrache, Costel/E-9867-2012 OI Petrache, Costel/0000-0001-8419-1390 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064318 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400031 ER PT J AU Pipidis, A Riley, MA Simpson, J Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Appelbe, DE Bagshaw, AP Bentley, MA Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Cullen, DM Campbell, DB Dagnall, PJ Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Lagergren, K Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lisle, JC Nisius, D Shepherd, SL Smith, AG Tormanen, S Ragnarsson, I AF Pipidis, A Riley, MA Simpson, J Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Appelbe, DE Bagshaw, AP Bentley, MA Brown, TB Carpenter, MP Cullen, DM Campbell, DB Dagnall, PJ Fallon, P Fischer, SM Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Lagergren, K Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Lisle, JC Nisius, D Shepherd, SL Smith, AG Tormanen, S Ragnarsson, I TI Structural behavior of Dy-157,Dy-158,Dy-159 in the I=30-50h spin regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; YRAST BAND SPECTROSCOPY; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL BANDS; TERMINATING STRUCTURES; GE DETECTORS; LINE; CROSSINGS; DY-156; ER-158 AB Significant extensions to the high-spin excitation spectrum of the N = 91, 92, 93 isotopes Dy-157,Dy-158,Dy-159 have been achieved using the high-efficiency gamma-ray spectrometers Euroball and Gammasphere. These nuclei were populated via weak 3n or alpha xn exit channels in fusion evaporation reactions. In Dy-157, the yrast band has been extended to I-pi = (2)/(101+) (tentatively to (2)/(105+)) with four sideband structures (two of which are new) observed in the 35-50h spin range. In Dy-158, three bands have been extended to 42(+)(44(+)),40(-), and 41(-)(43(-)), whereas in Dy-159 the yrast band is observed to (2)/(81+) ((2)/(85+)). The high-spin behavior and band crossing systematics of the Dy isotopes and of the neighboring N = 91, 92, and 93 isotones are discussed in terms of rotational alignments and shape transitions. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations without pairing have been performed for detailed comparisons with the very high-spin states observed in Dy-157. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Keele, Dept Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Pipidis, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064307 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400021 ER PT J AU Schiavilla, R Benhar, O Kievsky, A Marcucci, LE Viviani, M AF Schiavilla, R Benhar, O Kievsky, A Marcucci, LE Viviani, M TI Two-body electrodisintegration of He-3 at high momentum transfer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; IMPULSE APPROXIMATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEI; SCATTERING; TRINUCLEONS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; STATE AB The He-3(e,e(')p)d reaction is studied using an accurate three-nucleon bound state wave function, a model for the electromagnetic current operator including one- and two-body terms, and the Glauber approximation for the treatment of final state interactions. In contrast to earlier studies, the profile operator in the Glauber expansion is derived from a nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude which retains its full spin and isospin dependence, and is consistent with phase-shift analyses of two-nucleon scattering data. The amplitude is boosted from the center-of-mass frame, where parametrizations for it are available, to the frame where rescattering occurs. Exact Monte Carlo methods are used to evaluate the relevant matrix elements of the electromagnetic current operator. The predicted cross section is found to be in quantitative agreement with the experimental data for values of the missing momentum p(m) in the range (0-700) MeV/c, but underestimates the data at p(m)similar or equal to 1 GeV/c by about a factor of two. However, the longitudinal-transverse asymmetry, measured up to p(m)similar or equal to 600 MeV/c, is well reproduced by theory. A critical comparison is carried out between the results obtained in the present work and those of earlier studies. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Schiavilla, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI kievsky, alejandro/A-7123-2011; Benhar, Omar/J-6044-2012 OI Benhar, Omar/0000-0001-6818-9215 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.064003 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400012 ER PT J AU Wijesooriya, K Reimer, PE Holt, RJ AF Wijesooriya, K Reimer, PE Holt, RJ TI Pion parton distribution function in the valence region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DRELL-YAN; NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; NJL MODEL; QUARK; HADRON; NUCLEON; GEV/C; QCD; SCATTERING; TUNGSTEN AB The parton distribution function of the pion in the valence region is extracted in a next-to-leading order analysis from Fermilab E-615 pionic Drell-Yan data. The effects of the parametrization of the pion's valence distributions are examined. Modern nucleon parton distributions and nuclear corrections were used and possible effects from higher twist contributions were considered in the analysis. In the next-to-leading order analysis, the high-x dependence of the pion structure function differs from that of the leading order analysis, but not enough to agree with the expectations of pQCD and Dyson-Schwinger calculations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wijesooriya, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 065203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.065203 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400080 ER PT J AU Wuosmaa, AH Rehm, KE Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Jisonna, L Moore, EF Pardo, RC Paul, M Peterson, D Pieper, SC Savard, G Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Sinha, S Tang, X Wiringa, RB AF Wuosmaa, AH Rehm, KE Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Jisonna, L Moore, EF Pardo, RC Paul, M Peterson, D Pieper, SC Savard, G Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Sinha, S Tang, X Wiringa, RB TI Search for excited states in He-7 with the (d,p) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID P-SHELL NUCLEI; ISOTOPE; HELIUM; 7HE AB We have studied the properties of low-lying levels in He-7 using the H-2(He-6, p)He-7 reaction at 11.5 MeV/u. This reaction probes the He-6(g.s.) + n character of states in He-7. The ground state was populated with a spectroscopic factor comparable to that obtained from ab initio calculations, supporting the tentative spin-parity assignment of 3/2(-) in the literature. In addition to the ground state, a broad structure is observed between E-X = 2-3 MeV, the excitation-energy range expected for the 1/2(-) state in He-7. No evidence was found for a lower-lying, first-excited state reported recently. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 061301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.72.061301 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998RR UT WOS:000234337400003 ER PT J AU Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Vetere, ML Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, JL Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P AF Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Vetere, ML Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, JL Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P CA Fermilab E835 Collaborat TI Study of (p)over-bar-p -> two neutral pseudoscalar mesons at the chi(c0)(1(3)P(0)) formation energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FERMILAB AB Fermilab experiment E835 has studied reactions (p) over barp ->pi(0)pi(0),pi(0)eta,eta eta, pi(0)eta(') and eta eta(') in the energy region of the chi(c0)(1(3)P(0)) from 3340 MeV to 3470 MeV. Interference between resonant and continuum production is observed in the pi(0)pi(0) and eta eta channels, and the product of the input and output branching fractions is measured. Limits on resonant production are set for the pi(0)eta and pi(0)eta(') channels. An indication of interference is observed in the eta eta(') channel. The technique for extracting resonance parameters in an environment dominated by continuum production is described. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015 OI Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 112002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.112002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400003 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Blum, T Christ, N Dawson, C Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T Laiho, JW Levkova, L Lin, M Mawhinney, R Noaki, J Ohta, S Orginos, K Soni, A AF Aoki, Y Blum, T Christ, N Dawson, C Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T Laiho, JW Levkova, L Lin, M Mawhinney, R Noaki, J Ohta, S Orginos, K Soni, A TI Lattice QCD with two dynamical flavors of domain wall fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; YANG-MILLS THEORY; KAON-B PARAMETER; GAUGE-THEORY; STAGGERED FERMIONS; 1/N-C EXPANSION; STRING TENSION; SIMULATIONS; MATRIX AB We present results from the first large-scale study of two-flavor QCD using domain wall fermions (DWF), a chirally symmetric fermion formulation which has been proven to be very effective in the quenched approximation. We work on lattices of size 16(3)x32, with a lattice cutoff of a(-1)approximate to 1.7 GeV and dynamical (or sea) quark masses in the range m(strange)/2 less than or similar to m(sea)less than or similar to m(strange). After discussing the algorithmic and implementation issues involved in simulating dynamical DWF, we report on the low-lying hadron spectrum, decay constants, static quark potential, and the important kaon weak matrix element describing indirect CP violation in the standard model, B-K. In the latter case we include the effect of nondegenerate quark masses (m(s)not equal m(u)=m(d)), finding B-K((MS) over bar)(2 GeV)=0.495(18). C1 Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. NR 99 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 114505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.114505 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400033 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Best, D Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Minamora, JS Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Chai, X Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, JI Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, SY Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, MT Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Tan, P Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Best, D Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Minamora, JS Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Chai, X Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, JI Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, SY Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, MT Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Tan, P Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H TI Search for the W-exchange decays B-0 -> Ds(*)-Ds(*)+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION AB We report a search for the decays B-0-> Ds-Ds+, B-0-> Ds*-Ds+, and B-0-> Ds*-Ds*+ in a sample of 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S) decays to B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) storage ring. We find no significant signal and set upper bounds for the branching fractions: B(B-0-> Ds-Ds+)< 1.0x10(-4), B(B-0-> Ds*-Ds+)< 1.3x10(-4), and B(B-0-> Ds*-Ds*+)< 2.4x10(-4) at 90% confidence level. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Phys Expt 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Phys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, CEA, DSM, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012 OI Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951 NR 16 TC 374 Z9 376 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.111101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400001 ER PT J AU Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Kosower, DA AF Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Kosower, DA TI Last of the finite loop amplitudes in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORY AMPLITUDES; SUPER-YANG-MILLS; MULTI-GLUON SCATTERING; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; COLLINEAR LIMITS; PARTON PROCESSES; TREE AMPLITUDES; CROSS-SECTIONS; TWISTOR SPACE; HIGH-ENERGIES AB We use on-shell recursion relations to determine the one-loop QCD scattering amplitudes with a massless external quark pair and an arbitrary number (n-2) of positive-helicity gluons. These amplitudes are the last of the unknown infrared- and ultraviolet-finite loop amplitudes of QCD. The recursion relations are similar to ones applied at tree level, but contain new nontrivial features corresponding to poles present for complex momentum arguments but absent for real momenta. We present the relations and the compact solutions to them, valid for all n. We also present compact forms for the previously computed one-loop n-gluon amplitudes with a single negative helicity and the rest positive helicity. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bern, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 95 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 AR 125003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.125003 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997US UT WOS:000234274900061 ER PT J AU Carena, M Finch, A Freitas, A Milstene, C Nowak, H Sopczak, A AF Carena, M Finch, A Freitas, A Milstene, C Nowak, H Sopczak, A TI Analyzing the scalar top coannihilation region at the International Linear Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; EXPLICIT CP VIOLATION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; BARYON ASYMMETRY; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; E+E COLLIDERS; BOTTOM QUARKS; HIGGS BOSONS AB The minimal supersymmetric standard model opens the possibility of electroweak baryogenesis provided that the light scalar top quark (stop) is lighter than the top quark. In addition, the lightest neutralino is an ideal candidate to explain the existence of dark matter. For a light stop with mass close to the lightest neutralino, the stop-neutralino coannihilation mechanism becomes efficient, thus rendering the predicted dark matter density compatible with observations. Such a stop may however remain elusive at hadron colliders. Here it is shown that a future linear collider provides a unique opportunity to detect and study the light stop. The production of stops with small stop-neutralino mass differences is studied in a detailed experimental analysis with a realistic detector simulation including a CCD vertex detector for flavor tagging. Furthermore, the linear collider, by precision measurements of superpartner masses and mixing angles, also allows to determine the dark matter relic density with an accuracy comparable to recent astrophysical observations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Finch, Alexander/0000-0002-5433-6031 NR 94 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 115008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.115008 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400049 ER PT J AU Christ, NH Kim, C Yamazaki, T AF Christ, NH Kim, C Yamazaki, T TI Finite volume corrections to the two-particle decay of states with nonzero momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MATRIX AB We study the effects of finite volume on the two-particle decay rate of an unstable state with nonzero momentum. First, Luscher's field-theoretic relation between the infinite-volume scattering phase shifts and the quantized energy levels of a finite-volume, two-particle system is generalized to the case of nonzero total momentum, confirming earlier results of Rummukainen and Gottlieb. We then use this result and the method of Lellouch and Luscher to determine the corrections needed for a finite-volume calculation of a two-particle decay amplitude when the decaying particle has nonvanishing center-of-mass momentum. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Christ, NH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 8 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 114506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.114506 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400034 ER PT J AU Conley, JA Hewett, J Le, MP AF Conley, JA Hewett, J Le, MP TI Determination of littlest Higgs model parameters at the International Linear Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE BOSONS; Z' AB We examine the effects of the extended gauge sector of the littlest Higgs model in high energy e(+)e(-) collisions. We find that the search reach in e(+)e(-) -> f (f) over bar at a root s = 500 GeV International Linear Collider covers essentially the entire parameter region where the littlest Higgs model is relevant to the gauge hierarchy problem. In addition, we show that this channel provides an accurate determination of the fundamental model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the CERN LHC measures the mass of the heavy neutral gauge field. Additionally, we show that the couplings of the extra gauge bosons to the light Higgs can be observed from the process e(+)e(-) -> Zh for a significant region of the parameter space. This allows for confirmation of the structure of the cancellation of the Higgs mass quadratic divergence and would verify the little Higgs mechanism. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM conley@stanford.edu; hewett@slac.stanford.edu; myphle@stanford.edu NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 115014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.115014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400055 ER PT J AU Feldstein, B Hall, LJ Watari, T AF Feldstein, B Hall, LJ Watari, T TI Density perturbations and the cosmological constant from inflationary landscapes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COSMOLOGY; STATIONARY UNIVERSE; HYBRID INFLATION; FALSE VACUUM; BLACK-HOLES; CREATION; PREDICTIONS; FATE; ZERO AB An anthropic understanding of the cosmological constant requires that the vacuum energy at late time scans from one patch of the universe to another. If the vacuum energy during inflation also scans, the various patches of the universe acquire exponentially differing volumes. In a generic landscape with slow-roll inflation, we find that this gives a steeply varying probability distribution for the normalization of the primordial density perturbations, resulting in an exponentially small fraction of observers measuring the Cosmic Background Explorer value of 10(-5). Inflationary landscapes should avoid this "sigma problem," and we explore features that can allow them to do that. One possibility is that, prior to slow-roll inflation, the probability distribution for vacua is extremely sharply peaked, selecting essentially a single anthropically allowed vacuum. Such a selection could occur in theories of eternal inflation. A second possibility is that the inflationary landscape has a special property: although scanning leads to patches with volumes that differ exponentially, the value of the density perturbation does not vary under this scanning. This second case is preferred over the first, partly because a flat inflaton potential can result from anthropic selection, and partly because the anthropic selection of a small cosmological constant is more successful. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Watari, Taizan/0000-0002-8879-1008 NR 64 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 AR 123506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.123506 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997US UT WOS:000234274900020 ER PT J AU Freitas, A Porod, W Zerwas, PM AF Freitas, A Porod, W Zerwas, PM TI Determining sneutrino masses and physical implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-FLAVOR VIOLATION; LINEAR COLLIDERS; SLEPTON PRODUCTION; NEUTRINO MASS; CP VIOLATION; E(+)E(-); DECAYS; OSCILLATIONS; COUPLINGS; SEARCHES AB In some areas of supersymmetry parameter space, sneutrinos are lighter than the charginos and the next-to-lightest neutralino, and they decay into the invisible neutrino plus lightest-neutralino channel with probability one. In such a scenario they can be searched for in decays of charginos that are pair produced in e(+)e(-) collisions, and in associated sneutrino-chargino production in photon-electron collisions. The sneutrino properties can be determined with high accuracy from the edges of the decay energy spectra in the first case and from threshold scans in the second. In the final part of the report we investigate the mass difference of sneutrinos and charged sleptons between the third and the first two generations in seesaw-type models of the neutrino/sneutrino sector. For a wide range these mass differences are sensitive to the seesaw scale. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Valencia, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 115002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.115002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400043 ER PT J AU Hong, YP Mitra, I AF Hong, YP Mitra, I TI Investigating the stability of a nonsupersymmetric landscape SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID KALUZA-KLEIN SUPERGRAVITY; STABILIZATION; FLUXES AB We investigate the classical stability of nonsupersymmetric Freund-Rubin compactifications of Type IIB string theory on a product of three-dimensional Einstein spaces A(3)xB(3) with both Neveu-Schwarz (NS) and Ramond-Ramond (RR) three-form fluxes turned on through A(3) and B-3, and a zero axion. This results in a three parameter family of AdS(4) vacua, with localized sources such as anti-three-branes or orientifold planes required to cancel the RR four-form tadpole. We scan the entire space of such solutions for perturbative stability and find that anti-three branes are unstable to a Jeans-like instability. For orientifold compactifications, we derive a precise criterion which the three-dimensional Einstein spaces have to satisfy in order to be stable. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 AR 126003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.126003 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997US UT WOS:000234274900073 ER PT J AU Hou, WS Nagashima, M Soddu, A AF Hou, WS Nagashima, M Soddu, A TI Enhanced K-L ->pi(0)nu(v)over-bar from direct CP violation in B -> K pi with four generations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL; K-DECAY; B-DECAY; PHYSICS; PUZZLE AB Recent CP violation results in B decays suggest that Z penguins may have large weak phase. This can be realized by the four generation (standard) model. Concurrently, B -> X-s l(+) l(-) and B-s mixing allow for sizable V (*)(t/s) only if it is nearly imaginary. Such large effects in b <-> s transitions would affect s <-> d transitions, as kaon constraints would demand V (t/d) not equal 0. Using Gamma (Z -> b (b) over bar) to bound vertical bar V (t/b)vertical bar, we infer sizable vertical bar V (t/s)vertical bar less than or similar to vertical bar V (t/b)vertical bar less than or similar to vertical bar V (us)vertical bar. Imposing epsilon(kappa), K+ (->) pi(+) v (v) over bar and epsilon' / epsilon constraints, we find (Vt/dVt/s)-V-* similar to few X10(-4) with large phase, enhancing K-L -> pi(0)v (v) over bar to 5 X 10(-10) or even higher. Interestingly, Delta m(Bd) and sin2 Phi(Bd) are not much affected, as vertical bar(Vt/dVt/b)-V-*vertical bar << vertical bar(VtdVtb)-V-*vertical bar similar to 0.01. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 115007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.115007 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400048 ER PT J AU Jaikumar, P Gale, C Page, D AF Jaikumar, P Gale, C Page, D TI Bremsstrahlung neutrinos from electron-electron scattering in a relativistic degenerate electron plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DENSITY QUARK MATTER; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; NEUTRON-STAR CRUSTS; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; KAON CONDENSATION; ACCRETION DISKS; PAIR EMISSION; BETA-DECAY; QCD; TRANSPORT AB We present a calculation of neutrino pair bremsstrahlung due to electron-electron scattering in a relativistic degenerate plasma of electrons. Proper treatment of the in-medium photon propagator, i.e., inclusion of Debye screening of the longitudinal part and Landau damping of the transverse part, leads to a neutrino emissivity which is several orders of magnitude larger than when Debye screening is imposed for the tranverse part. Our results show that this in-medium process can compete with other sources of neutrino radiation and can, in some cases, even be the dominant neutrino emission mechanism. We also discuss the natural extension to quark-quark bremsstrahlung in gapped and ungapped quark matter. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Jaikumar, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaikumar@phy.anl.gov NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 AR 123004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.123004 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997US UT WOS:000234274900012 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M AF Suzuki, M TI X(3872) boson: Molecule or charmonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MESON; SCATTERING; DECAYS; STATES; MODEL AB It has been argued that the mystery boson X(3872) is a molecule state consisting of primarily D-0(D) over bar (*0)+(D) over bar D-0(*0). In contrast, apparent puzzles and potential difficulties have been pointed out for the charmonium assignment of X(3872). We examine several aspects of these alternatives by semiquantitative methods since quantitatively accurate results are often hard to reach on them. We point out that some of the observed properties of X(3872), in particular the binding and the production rates, are incompatible with the molecule interpretation. Despite puzzles and obstacles, X(3872) may fit more likely to the excited P-3(1) charmonium than to the molecule after the mixing of c (c) over bar with D (D) over bar (*)+(D) over barD(*) is taken into account. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 114013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.114013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400020 ER PT J AU Zhang, JB Mathur, N Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Leinweber, DB Liu, KF Williams, AG AF Zhang, JB Mathur, N Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Leinweber, DB Liu, KF Williams, AG TI Nonperturbative renormalization of composite operators with overlap fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK MASS RENORMALIZATION; LOOP ANOMALOUS DIMENSION; LATTICE DIRAC OPERATOR; EXACT CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; NUMERICAL-METHODS; WILSON FERMIONS; GAUGE-THEORIES; QCD; (MS)OVER-BAR; CURRENTS AB We compute nonperturbatively the renormalization constants of composite operators on a quenched 16(3)x28 lattice with lattice spacing a=0.20 fm for the overlap fermion by using the regularization-independent (RI) scheme. The quenched gauge configurations were generated with the Iwasaki action. We test the relations Z(A)=Z(V) and Z(S)=Z(P) and find that they agree well (less than 1%) above mu=1.6 GeV. We also perform a Renormalization Group (RG) analysis at the next-to-next-to-leading order and match the renormalization constants to the (MS) over bar scheme. The wave function renormalization Z(psi) is determined from the vertex function of the axial current and Z(A) from the chiral Ward identity. Finally, we examine the finite quark mass behavior for the renormalization factors of the quark bilinear operators. We find that the (pa)(2) errors of the vertex functions are small and the quark mass dependence of the renormalization factors to be quite weak. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Inst Modern Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Inst Modern Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RI Williams, Anthony/I-6698-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Lee, Frank/0000-0001-8169-3440; Williams, Anthony/0000-0002-1472-1592 NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 11 AR 114509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.114509 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 997UN UT WOS:000234274400037 ER PT J AU Brewster, R Grest, GS Landry, JW Levine, AJ AF Brewster, R Grest, GS Landry, JW Levine, AJ TI Plug flow and the breakdown of Bagnold scaling in cohesive granular flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INCLINED PLANE; CHUTE FLOW; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; POWDERS; SPHERES AB Cohesive granular media flowing down an inclined plane are studied by discrete element simulations. Previous work on cohesionless granular media demonstrated that within the steady flow regime where gravitational energy is balanced by dissipation arising from intergrain forces, the velocity profile in the flow direction scales with depth in a manner consistent with the predictions of Bagnold. Here we demonstrate that this Bagnold scaling does not hold for the analogous steady flows in cohesive granular media. We develop a generalization of the Bagnold constitutive relation to account for our observation and speculate as to the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the different constitutive laws for cohesive and noncohesive granular media. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. BAE Syst, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Brewster, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 061301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.061301 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008TY UT WOS:000235064800021 PM 16485940 ER PT J AU Bu, W Vaknin, D Travesset, A AF Bu, W Vaknin, D Travesset, A TI Monovalent counterion distributions at highly charged water interfaces: Proton-transfer and Poisson-Boltzmann theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MONOLAYER; INVERSION; WAVES; LAYER; IONS AB Surface sensitive synchrotron-x-ray scattering studies reveal the distributions of monovalent ions next to highly charged interfaces. A lipid phosphate (dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate) was spread as a monolayer at the air-water interface, containing CsI at various concentrations. Using anomalous reflectivity off and at the L-3 Cs+ resonance, we provide spatial counterion distributions (Cs+) next to the negatively charged interface over a wide range of ionic concentrations. We argue that at low salt concentrations and for pure water the enhanced concentration of hydroniums H3O+ at the interface leads to proton transfer back to the phosphate group by a high contact potential, whereas high salt concentrations lower the contact potential resulting in proton release and increased surface charge density. The experimental ionic distributions are in excellent agreement with a renormalized-surface-charge Poisson-Boltzmann theory without fitting parameters or additional assumptions. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; Bu, Wei/Q-1390-2016 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Bu, Wei/0000-0002-9996-3733 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 060501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.060501 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008TY UT WOS:000235064800003 PM 16485922 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, JJ Golovkin, IE Mancini, RC Welser, LA Bailey, JE Koch, JA Mehlhorn, TA Rochau, GA Wang, P Woodruff, P AF MacFarlane, JJ Golovkin, IE Mancini, RC Welser, LA Bailey, JE Koch, JA Mehlhorn, TA Rochau, GA Wang, P Woodruff, P TI Dopant radiative cooling effects in indirect-drive Ar-doped capsule implosion experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; RAY SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LINE-PROFILES; OMEGA-LASER; PLASMAS; DENSITY; COMPRESSION; HOHLRAUMS; SYMMETRY AB We present results from simulations performed to investigate the effects of dopant radiative cooling in inertial confinement fusion indirect-drive capsule implosion experiments. Using a one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code that includes inline collisional-radiative modeling, we compute in detail the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium atomic kinetics and spectral characteristics for Ar-doped DD fuel. Specifically, we present results from a series of calculations in which the concentration of the Ar is varied, and examine the sensitivity of the fuel conditions (e.g., electron temperature) and neutron yield to the Ar dopant concentration. Simulation results are compared with data obtained in OMEGA indirect-drive experiments in which monochromatic imaging and spectral measurements of Ar He-beta and Ly(beta) line emission were recorded. The incident radiation drive on the capsule is computed with a three-dimensional view factor code using the laser beam pointings and powers from the OMEGA experiments. We also examine the sensitivity of the calculated compressed core electron temperatures and neutron yields to the radiation drive on the capsule and to the radiation and atomic modeling in the simulations. C1 Prism Computat Sci Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP MacFarlane, JJ (reprint author), Prism Computat Sci Inc, 455 Sci Dr,Suite 140, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 066403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.066403 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008UA UT WOS:000235065000072 PM 16486066 ER PT J AU Rochau, GA Bailey, JE MacFarlane, JJ AF Rochau, GA Bailey, JE MacFarlane, JJ TI Measurement and analysis of x-ray absorption in Al and MgF2 plasmas heated by Z-pinch radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DENSITY PHYSICS; VIEW FACTOR CODE; DRIVEN; DIAGNOSTICS; POWER AB High-power Z pinches on Sandia National Laboratories' Z facility can be used in a variety of experiments to radiatively heat samples placed some distance away from the Z-pinch plasma. In such experiments, the heating radiation spectrum is influenced by both the Z-pinch emission and the re-emission of radiation from the high-Z surfaces that make up the Z-pinch diode. To test the understanding of the amplitude and spectral distribution of the heating radiation, thin foils containing both Al and MgF2 were heated by a 100-130 TW Z pinch. The heating of these samples was studied through the ionization distribution in each material as measured by x-ray absorption spectra. The resulting plasma conditions are inferred from a least-squares comparison between the measured spectra and calculations of the Al and Mg 1s -> 2p absorption over a large range of temperatures and densities. These plasma conditions are then compared to radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the sample dynamics and are found to agree within 1 sigma to the best-fit conditions. This agreement indicates that both the driving radiation spectrum and the heating of the Al and MgF2 samples is understood within the accuracy of the spectroscopic method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53704 USA. RP Rochau, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 066405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.066405 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008UA UT WOS:000235065000074 PM 16486068 ER PT J AU Baylac, M Adderley, P Brittian, J Clark, J Day, T Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M Wu, AT Terekhov, AS AF Baylac, M Adderley, P Brittian, J Clark, J Day, T Grames, J Hansknecht, J Poelker, M Stutzman, M Wu, AT Terekhov, AS TI Effects of atomic hydrogen and deuterium exposure on high polarization GaAs photocathodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID NATIVE OXIDES; WELLS AB Strained-layer GaAs and strained-superlattice GaAs photocathodes are used at Jefferson Laboratory to create high average current beams of highly spin-polarized electrons. High electron yield, or quantum efficiency (QE), is obtained only when the photocathode surface is atomically clean. For years, exposure to atomic hydrogen or deuterium has been the photocathode cleaning technique employed at Jefferson Laboratory. This work demonstrates that atomic hydrogen cleaning is not necessary when precautions are taken to ensure that clean photocathode material from the vendor is not inadvertently dirtied while samples are prepared for installation inside photoemission guns. Moreover, this work demonstrates that QE and beam polarization can be significantly reduced when clean high-polarization photocathode material is exposed to atomic hydrogen from an rf dissociator-style atomic hydrogen source. Surface analysis provides some insight into the mechanisms that degrade QE and polarization due to atomic hydrogen cleaning. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Baylac, M (reprint author), Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, 53 Ave Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France. EM baylac@lpsc.in2p3.fr RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 123501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.123501 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 994SO UT WOS:000234051700004 ER PT J AU Broemmelsiek, D Burov, A Nagaitsev, S Neuffer, D AF Broemmelsiek, D. Burov, A. Nagaitsev, S. Neuffer, D. TI Synchrotron frequency spread independence of bunched-beam stochastic cooling at the Fermilab Recycler SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB It is generally accepted that longitudinal stochastic cooling of bunched beams is not possible without a synchrotron frequency spread. Experiments in the Fermilab Recycler storage ring demonstrate the opposite: with an antiproton bunch in a parabolic potential well (no synchrotron frequency spread), the cooling was almost as efficient as in a trapezoidal potential well (with a relative synchrotron frequency spread of similar to 100%). A possible explanation is that, at Recycler parameters, diffusion processes are sufficient to provide particle mixing. C1 [Broemmelsiek, D.; Burov, A.; Nagaitsev, S.; Neuffer, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Broemmelsiek, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM broemmel@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX The authors are thankful to B. Chase and P. Joireman for providing the data shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The authors acknowledge useful discussions with V. Lebedev. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 124404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.124404 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V25RU UT WOS:000208495900002 ER PT J AU Krinsky, S AF Krinsky, Samuel TI Transverse impedance of a smooth flat taper SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Stupakov has used a perturbation method to estimate the transverse impedance at zero frequency of a rectangular collimator having characteristic taper length l, half-width w, and average vertical half-aperture b(0), under the condition b(0) << w << l. We use the boundary perturbation method to approximate the transverse impedance of a flat, slowly tapered chamber in the complementary limit, w = infinity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krinsky, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX I wish to thank Gennady Stupakov for a clarifying discussion on his work [3-5]. I have also benefited from discussions with Boris Podobedov and Alexei Blednykh on numerical results they have obtained from computer simulations of tapered structures. This work was supported by Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 124403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.124403 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V25RU UT WOS:000208495900001 ER PT J AU Plettner, T Byer, RL Colby, E Cowan, B Sears, CMS Spencer, JE Siemann, RH AF Plettner, T Byer, RL Colby, E Cowan, B Sears, CMS Spencer, JE Siemann, RH TI Proof-of-principle experiment for laser-driven acceleration of relativistic electrons in a semi-infinite vacuum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE; BEAM; ABLATION AB We recently achieved the first experimental observation of laser-driven particle acceleration of relativistic electrons from a single Gaussian near-infrared laser beam in a semi-infinite vacuum. This article presents an in-depth account of key aspects of the experiment. An analysis of the transverse and longitudinal forces acting on the electron beam is included. A comparison of the observed data to the acceleration viewed as an inverse transition radiation process is presented. This is followed by a detailed description of the components of the experiment and a discussion of future measurements. C1 Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Plettner, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Labs, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 121301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.121301 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 994SO UT WOS:000234051700001 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H TI Anisotropy-driven collective instability in intense charged particle beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID DELTA-F SIMULATION; LARGE TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; FIELD AB The classical electrostatic Harris instability is generalized to the case of a one-component intense charged particle beam with anisotropic temperature including the important effects of finite transverse geometry and beam space charge. For a long, coasting beam, the eigenmode code bEASt have been used to determine detailed 3D stability properties over a wide range of temperature anisotropy and beam intensity. A simple theoretical model is developed which describes the essential features of the linear stage of the instability. Both the simulations and the analytical theory clearly show that moderately intense beams are linearly unstable to short-wavelength perturbations provided the ratio of the longitudinal temperature to the transverse temperature is smaller than some threshold value. The delta-f particle-in-cell code BEST has been used to study the detailed nonlinear evolution and saturation of the instability. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 124201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.124201 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 994SO UT WOS:000234051700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, SY Hseuh, HC Thieberger, P Trbojevic, D AF Zhang, SY Hseuh, HC Thieberger, P Trbojevic, D TI Effects of antigrazing ridges on electron cloud at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider warm sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The antigrazing ridges installed in two Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) warm straight sections have been tested with beam. Significant reduction in electron cloud induced pressure rise has been observed. In addition, the pressure rise pattern at these locations has changed. The effect of antigrazing ridges on the RHIC warm section electron cloud are discussed, as well as possible mechanisms. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM syzhang@BNL.GOV NR 10 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 12 AR 123201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.123201 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 994SO UT WOS:000234051700003 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Quenched! The ISABELLE Saga, II SO PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Leon Lederman; Robert Palmer; Nicholas Samios; James Sanford; George Vineyard; Associated Universities Inc.; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Fermilab; ISABELLE; colliding beam accelerator; superconducting super collider; big science; high-energy physics; laboratory; particle accelerator; superconducting magnets AB This is the second part of a two-part article about ISABELLE, a colliding-beam accelerator conceived in 1971, officially approved in 1978, partially constructed, and terminated in 1983. 1 cover here the period from ISABELLE's groundbreaking in 1978 to its termination in 1983. 1 treat the problems with ISABELLE's superconducting magnets, the steps by which the problems became clear within the laboratory and to the outside, the initial failure of the laboratory administration to take forceful steps, conflicts with Fermilab, the alternate magnet projects, the repeated missing of openings that eventually used up the window of opportunity. I cover Robert Palmer's successful creation of an alternate magnet that used Brookhaven's existing tooling and techniques and provided (too late) a technical solution to the project's problems, and the name change to the Colliding Beam Accelerator (CBA). I also discuss the failure of the machine to hold the physics community's interest, and the project's termination. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6944 J9 PHYS PERSPECT JI Phys. Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 404 EP 452 DI 10.1007/s0016-005-0247-1 PG 49 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 003XQ UT WOS:000234716700003 ER PT J AU Vitev, I AF Vitev, I TI Large angle hadron correlations from medium-induced gluon radiation SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MASS SINGULARITIES; JETS AB Final state medium-induced gluon radiation in ultradense nuclear matter is examined and shown to favor large angle emission when compared to vacuum bremsstrahlung due to the suppression of collinear gluons. Perturbative expression for the contribution of its hadronic fragments to the back-to-back particle correlations is derived. It is found that in the limit of large jet energy loss gluon radiation determines the yield and angular distribution of vertical bar Delta phi vertical bar >= (pi)/(2) dihadrons to high transverse momenta p(T2) of the associated particles. Clear transition from enhancement to suppression of the away-side hadron correlations is established at moderate p(T2) and its experimentally accessible features are predicted versus the trigger particle momentum p(T1). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Mail Stop H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 630 IS 3-4 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.082 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 986JP UT WOS:000233446200002 ER PT J AU Reddy, S Schunk, PR Bonnecaze, RT AF Reddy, S Schunk, PR Bonnecaze, RT TI Dynamics of low capillary number interfaces moving through sharp features SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; 3 DIMENSIONS; SIMULATION; STEP AB The success of any nanoimprint process depends upon its ability to exactly reproduce the template pattern. Thus, complete filling of recessed features in the template is an important issue that is controlled by the dynamics of the flow through these sharp structures. At these small scales, capillary forces are large and must be included in the fluid flow model. The mechanism of interface advancement at low capillary number through sharp rectangular features is useful for understanding how and why features fill or trap air. In this study we present a two-dimensional simulation of this feature filling to capture the details of the process, including the viscous and capillary effects. Fluid is injected into the channel between the template and substrate, where the fluid-air interface soon encounters a rectangular feature with some height greater than the channel gap. As the fluid advances through the channel, the shape of the interface is a circular arc due to the strong capillary forces. The interface maintains this circular arc as it negotiates the first sharp corner of the feature; the upper contact line effectively pins to the initial corner of the feature as it moves around this corner, during which time the lower contact line continues to advance forward along the substrate surface, causing the interface to stretch. For sufficiently wide or shallow features, once the upper contact line has negotiated the first corner and has moved vertically up the inner wall of the feature, it must move through the top corner of the feature. At this point the interface undergoes a rapid reconfiguration from a high surface area circular arc to a lower surface area circular arc inside the feature. Alternatively, for narrow or high features, the stretched interface can catch on the far, final corner of the feature, trapping air inside the feature and preventing filling. The conditions for filling are studied parametrically for a variety of wetting contact angles and feature dimensions with both the simulation and a simpler, successful geometric model. The dynamics of the feature filling suggest an effective boundary condition for a macroscopic lubrication model of the imprint lithography process in which a critical pressure is required to move fluid through a feature. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bonnecaze, RT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rtb@che.utexas.edu NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 AR 122104 DI 10.1063/1.2140691 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 996ZM UT WOS:000234214800009 ER PT J AU Cohen, DH Landen, OL MacFarlane, JJ AF Cohen, DH Landen, OL MacFarlane, JJ TI Numerical modeling of Hohlraum radiation conditions: Spatial and spectral variations due to sample position, beam pointing, and Hohlraum geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; OMEGA-LASER; DRIVE; TARGETS; PLASMAS AB View-factor simulations are presented of the spatially varying radiation conditions inside double-ended gold Hohlraums and single-ended gold Hohlraums ('' halfraums '') used in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy density physics experiments [J. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 11, 339 (2004); M. D. Rosen, Phys. Plasmas 3, 1803 (1996)]. It is shown that in many circumstances, the common assumption that the Hohlraum '' drive '' can be characterized by a single temperature is too simplistic. Specifically, the radiation conditions seen by an experimental package can differ significantly from the wall reemission measured through diagnostic holes or laser entrance holes (LEHs) by absolutely calibrated detectors. Furthermore, even in situations where the radiation temperature is roughly the same for diagnostics and experimental packages, or for packages at different locations, the spectral energy distributions can vary significantly, due to the differing fractions of reemitting wall, laser hot spots, and LEHs seen from different locations. We find that the spatial variation of temperature and especially the differences between what diagnostics looking in the LEH measure versus the radiation temperature on wall-mounted experimental packages are generally greater for double-ended Hohlraums than for halfraums. View-factor simulations can also be used to explore experimental variables (halfraum length and geometry, sample position, and beam pointing) that can be adjusted in order to, for example, maximize the radiation flux onto a sample, or other package. In this vein, simulations of Hohlraums and halfraums with LEH shields are also presented. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Cohen, DH (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. OI Cohen, David/0000-0003-2995-4767 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 122703 DI 10.1063/1.2146863 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600028 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA Krommes, JA AF Kolesnikov, RA Krommes, JA TI Bifurcation theory of the transition to collisionless ion-temperature-gradient-driven plasma turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ZONAL FLOWS; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB The collisionless limit of the transition to ion-temperature-gradient-driven plasma turbulence is considered with a dynamical-systems approach. The importance of systematic analysis for understanding the differences in the bifurcations and dynamics of linearly damped and undamped systems is emphasized. A model with ten degrees of freedom is studied as a concrete example. A four-dimensional center manifold (CM) is analyzed, and fixed points of its dynamics are identified and used to predict a "Dimits shift" of the threshold for turbulence due to the excitation of zonal flows. The exact value of that shift in terms of physical parameters is established for the model; the effects of higher-order truncations on the dynamics are noted. Multiple-scale analysis of the CM equations is used to discuss possible effects of modulational instability on scenarios for the transition to turbulence in both collisional and collisionless cases. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rkolesni@pppl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 122302 DI 10.1063/1.2116887 PG 25 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600004 ER PT J AU Nevins, WM Hammett, GW Dimits, AM Dorland, W Shumaker, DE AF Nevins, WM Hammett, GW Dimits, AM Dorland, W Shumaker, DE TI Discrete particle noise in particle-in-cell simulations of plasma microturbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DELTA-F; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; INSTABILITIES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Recent gyrokinetic simulations of electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence with the global particle-in-cell (PIC) code GTC [Z. Lin et al., Proceedings of the 20th Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal, 2004 (IAEA, Vienna, 2005)] yielded different results from earlier flux-tube continuum code simulations [F. Jenko and W. Dorland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 225001 (2002)] despite similar plasma parameters. Differences between the simulation results were attributed to insufficient phase-space resolution and novel physics associated with global simulation models. The results of the global PIC code are reproduced here using the flux-tube PIC code PG3EQ [A. M. Dimits et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 71 (1996)], thereby eliminating global effects as the cause of the discrepancy. The late-time decay of the ETG turbulence and the steady-state heat transport observed in these PIC simulations are shown to result from discrete particle noise. Discrete particle noise is a numerical artifact, so both these PG3EQ simulations and, by inference, the GTC simulations that they reproduced have little to say about steady-state ETG turbulence and the associated anomalous heat transport. In the course of this work several diagnostics are developed to retrospectively test whether a particular PIC simulation is dominated by discrete particle noise. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nevins, WM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X NR 35 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 122305 DI 10.1063/1.2118729 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600007 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI Soboleva, TK Rognlien, TD AF Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI Soboleva, TK Rognlien, TD TI Dust-particle transport in tokamak edge plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Review ID CARBON-BASED MATERIALS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; WALL INTERACTION ISSUES; CROSS-FIELD TRANSPORT; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; DIII-D TOKAMAK; FUSION DEVICES; FLOWING PLASMA; ION COLLECTION; SPUTTERING YIELD AB Dust particulates in the size range of 10 nm-100 mu m are found in all fusion devices. Such dust can be generated during tokamak operation due to strong plasma/material-surface interactions. Some recent experiments and theoretical estimates indicate that dust particles can provide an important source of impurities in the tokamak plasma. Moreover, dust can be a serious threat to the safety of next-step fusion devices. In this paper, recent experimental observations on dust in fusion devices are reviewed. A physical model for dust transport simulation and a newly developed code DUSTT are discussed. The DUSTT code incorporates both dust dynamics due to comprehensive dust-plasma interactions as well as the effects of dust heating, charging, and evaporation. The code tracks test dust particles in realistic plasma backgrounds as provided by edge-plasma transport codes. The results are presented for dust transport in current and next-step tokamaks. The effect of dust on divertor plasma profiles and core plasma contamination is examined. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95440 USA. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@ucsd.edu NR 101 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 122508 DI 10.1063/1.2145157 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600022 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Seamen, JF Lopez, MR Watt, RG Idzorek, GC Peterson, DL AF Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Seamen, JF Lopez, MR Watt, RG Idzorek, GC Peterson, DL TI Wire fixturing in high wire-number z pinches critical for high radiation power and reproducibility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; X-RAY POWER; PLASMA FORMATION; DYNAMICS; ENHANCEMENT; EXPANSION; HOHLRAUMS AB The quality of high wire-number z-pinch implosions on Z using a dynamic hohlraum (DH) configuration [Sanford, et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 3573 (2002)] is significantly affected by the method of holding the wires. The three arrangements discussed here have led to differences in radial and axial x-ray powers of factors of 1.6 +/- 0.2 and 1.5 +/- 0.2, respectively. An increase in power is accompanied by reductions in rise time and pulse width, and improvements in shot-to-shot reproducibility. Higher powers are produced by fixtures that enable the wires to be maintained taut, which also produce superior current contacts at the electrodes (and in particular at the cathode) prior to implosion. The increased axial power, and decreased variation in power and pulse shape, correlate with decreased wire-plasma material observed at the axial radiation exit holes of the DH. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 122701 DI 10.1063/1.2131849 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600026 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS Davidson, RC AF Uhm, HS Davidson, RC TI Low-frequency flute instabilities of self-pinched ion beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAM; RESISTIVE HOSE INSTABILITY; PLASMA; FUSION; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY AB The stability properties of the low-frequency flute instabilities in a self-pinched ion beam propagating through a preformed plasma channel are investigated for long-wavelength and low-frequency perturbations. Consistent with the flute instabilities, the stability analysis is restricted to the surface perturbations on the ion beam. A closed algebraic dispersion relation of the flute instabilities for Bennett [Phys. Rev. 45, 890 (1934)] density profile is obtained, by making use of the energy group model. From the analytical and numerical calculations of the dispersion relation for highly collisional plasma, we find the necessary condition for instability in terms of the fractional current neutralization f. Threshold values of the fractional current neutralization for instability are tabulated for each azimuthal mode number 1. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ajou Univ, Dept Mol Sci & Technol, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Mol Sci & Technol, Suwon 443749, South Korea. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 123105 DI 10.1063/1.2148968 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600037 ER PT J AU Atzeni, S Tabak, M AF Atzeni, S Tabak, M TI Overview of ignition conditions and gain curves for the fast ignitor SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PROTON-BEAMS; FUEL; CAPSULES; DENSITY; PHYSICS; ENERGY AB Fast ignited inertially confined fusion targets have potentials for high gain at moderate laser energy. Gain estimates are based on simulations of separate aspects of target evolution and on gain models, and depend critically on ignition requirements and assumptions concerning coupling of the igniting beam to the compressed fuel. In this paper, we review and discuss ignition requirements, burn studies, and gain models. We present selected gain results, illustrating the dependence of the gain on the parameters of the ignition beam. We discuss the requirements for very large gain, as well as for substantial gain at small driver energy. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Rome, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Atzeni, S (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy. EM stefano.atzeni@uniroma1.it RI Atzeni, Stefano/F-5538-2012 OI Atzeni, Stefano/0000-0002-4339-2994 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B769 EP B776 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S58 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700060 ER PT J AU Burrell, KH Evans, TE Doyle, EJ Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Leonard, AW Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Schaffer, MJ Snyder, PB Thomas, PR West, WP Boedo, JA Garofalo, AM Gohil, P Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Reimerdes, H Rhodes, TL Scoville, JT Solomon, WM Thomas, DM Wang, G Watkins, JG Zeng, L AF Burrell, KH Evans, TE Doyle, EJ Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Leonard, AW Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Schaffer, MJ Snyder, PB Thomas, PR West, WP Boedo, JA Garofalo, AM Gohil, P Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Reimerdes, H Rhodes, TL Scoville, JT Solomon, WM Thomas, DM Wang, G Watkins, JG Zeng, L TI ELM suppression in low edge collisionality H-mode discharges using n=3 magnetic perturbations SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID DIII-D PLASMAS; LOCALIZED MODES; ERROR-FIELD; D TOKAMAK; ENERGY; PEDESTAL; PARTICLE AB Using resonant magnetic perturbations with toroidal mode number n = 3, we have produced H-mode discharges without edge localized modes (ELMS) which run with constant density and radiated power for periods up to about 2550 ms (17 energy confinement times). These ELM suppression results are achieved at pedestal collisionalities close to those desired for next step burning plasma experiments such as ITER and provide a means of eliminating the rapid erosion of divertor components in such machines which could be caused by giant ELMS. The ELM suppression is due to an enhancement in the edge particle transport which reduces pedestal current density and maximum edge pressure gradient below the threshold for peeling-ballooning modes. These n = 3 magnetic perturbations provide a means of active control of edge plasma transport. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EURATOM, CEA Cadarache, Cadarache, France. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 29 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B37 EP B52 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S04 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700006 ER PT J AU Callahan, DA Tabak, M Bennett, GR Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Nikroo, A Czechowicz, D Steinman, D AF Callahan, DA Tabak, M Bennett, GR Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Nikroo, A Czechowicz, D Steinman, D TI Advances in target design for heavy ion fusion SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID PINCH-DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; DISTRIBUTED RADIATOR; CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; ILLUMINATION; BEAMS AB Over the past few years, the emphasis in heavy ion target design has moved from the distributed radiator target to the 'hybrid' target because the hybrid target allows a larger beam focal spot than the distributed radiator (similar to 5 mm radius rather than similar to 2 mm radius). The larger spot relaxes some of the requirements on the driver, but introduces some new target physics issues. Most notable is the use of shine shields and shims in the hohlraum to achieve symmetry rather than achieving symmetry by beam placement. The shim is a thin layer of material placed on or near the capsule surface to block a small amount of excess radiation. While we have been developing this technique for the heavy ion hybrid target, the technique can also be used in any indirect drive target. We have begun testing the concept of a shim to improve symmetry using a double-ended z-pinch hohlraum on the Sandia Z-machine. Experiments using shimmed thin wall capsules have shown that we can reverse the sign of a P-2 asymmetry and significantly reduce the size of a P-4 asymmetry. These initial experiments demonstrate the concept of a shim as another method for controlling early time asymmetries in ICF capsules. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Callahan, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B379 EP B387 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S27 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700029 ER PT J AU Dewald, EL Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Suter, LJ Jones, OS Schein, J Froula, D Divol, L Campbell, K Schneider, MS Holder, J McDonald, PW Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Hammel, BA AF Dewald, EL Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Suter, LJ Jones, OS Schein, J Froula, D Divol, L Campbell, K Schneider, MS Holder, J McDonald, PW Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Hammel, BA TI First laser-plasma interaction and hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HEATED HOHLRAUMS; PHYSICS BASIS; DRIVE; SYSTEM AB Recently the first laser-plasma interaction and hohlraum experiments have been performed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in support of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion designs. The effects of laser beam smoothing by spectral dispersion and polarization smoothing on the intense (2 x 10(15) W cm(-2)) beam propagation in gas-filled tubes has been studied at up to 7 mm plasma scales as found in indirect drive gas filled ignition hohlraum designs. These experiments have shown the expected full propagation without filamentation and beam break up when using full laser smoothing. In addition, vacuum hohlraums have been irradiated with laser powers up to 6 TW 1-9 ns pulse lengths and energies up to 17 kJ to activate several diagnostics, to study the hohlraum radiation temperature scaling with the laser power and hohlraum size, and to make contact with hohlraum experiments performed at the Nova and Omega laser facilities. Subsequently, novel long laser pulse hohlraum experiments have tested models of hohlraum plasma filling and long pulse hohlraum radiation production. The validity of the plasma filling assessment using in analytical models and radiation hydrodynamics calculations with the code LASNEX has been proven in these studies. The comparison of these results with modelling will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B405 EP B417 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S29 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700031 ER PT J AU Graves, JP Angioni, C Budny, RV Buttery, RJ Coda, S Eriksson, LG Gimblett, CG Goodman, TP Hastie, RJ Henderson, MA Koslowski, HR Mantsinen, MJ Martynov, A Mayoral, ML Muck, A Nave, MFF Sauter, O Westerhof, E AF Graves, JP Angioni, C Budny, RV Buttery, RJ Coda, S Eriksson, LG Gimblett, CG Goodman, TP Hastie, RJ Henderson, MA Koslowski, HR Mantsinen, MJ Martynov, A Mayoral, ML Muck, A Nave, MFF Sauter, O Westerhof, E CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Sawtooth control in fusion plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID INTERNAL KINK MODE; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; CURRENT DRIVE; STABILIZATION; TOKAMAK; STABILITY; SAWTEETH; JET; RECONNECTION; ROTATION AB Clear observations of early triggering of neo-classical tearing modes by sawteeth with long quiescent periods have motivated recent efforts to control, and in particular destabilize, sawteeth. One successful approach explored in TCV utilizes electron cyclotron heating in order to locally increase the current penetration time in the core. The latter is also achieved in various machines by depositing electron cyclotron current drive or ion cyclotron current drive close to the 9 = 1 rational surface. Crucially, localized current drive also succeeds in destabilizing sawteeth which are otherwise stabilized by a co-existing population of energetic trapped ions in the core. In addition, a recent reversed toroidal field campaign at JET demonstrates that counter-neutral beam injection (NBI) results in shorter sawtooth periods than in the Ohmic regime. The clear dependence of the sawtooth period on the NBI heating power and the direction of injection also manifests itself in terms of the toroidal plasma rotation, which consequently requires consideration in the theoretical interpretation of the experiments. Another feature of NBI, expected to be especially evident in the negative ion based neutral beam injection (NNBI) heating planned for ITER, is the parallel velocity asymmetry of the fast ion population. It is predicted that a finite orbit effect of asymmetrically distributed circulating ions could strongly modify sawtooth stability. Furthermore, NNBI driven current with non-monotonic profile could significantly slow down the evolution of the safety factor in the core, thereby delaying sawteeth. C1 Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, EPFL, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EURATOM, MPI Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EURATOM, CEA, DSM, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, FZ Juelich, Inst Plasmaphys, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Aalto Univ, EURATOM Assoc, Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. EURATOM, IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Clust, Netherlands. RP Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, EPFL, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Westerhof, Egbert/H-8730-2013; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013 OI Westerhof, Egbert/0000-0002-0749-9399; Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B121 EP B133 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S10 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700012 ER PT J AU Haines, MG Sanford, TWL Smirnov, VP AF Haines, MG Sanford, TWL Smirnov, VP TI Wire-array z-pinch: a powerful x-ray source for ICF SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID THERMAL-INSTABILITY; DYNAMIC-HOHLRAUMS; DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; INERTIAL FUSION; IMPLOSION PHASE; CORONAL PLASMA; RADIATION; NUMBER; FLOW; CARBON AB The wire-array z-pinch has in a very short time achieved remarkable performance as a powerful (> 200TW), pulsed soft x-ray source of high efficiency (similar to 15%) and of great relevance to inertial confinement fusion. The underlying physics involves the transformation of wire cores to a plasma corona, the occurrence of uncorrelated axial instabilities, inward flowing low magnetic Reynolds number jets, sometimes an accumulated stable and dynamically confined precursor column, an almost constant velocity implosion when gaps occur in the wire cores and finally at stagnation a fast-rising soft x-ray pulse of typically 5 ns FWHM. Nested arrays improve the performance and can operate in several modes. Three hohlraum designs have been tested; one of these, the dynamic hohlraum, has achieved a radiation temperature of similar to 230 eV and has compressed a capsule from 2 to similar to 0.8 mm diameter with a neutron yield of >10(10) thermal DD neutrons. Lower mass stainless steel wire arrays are used for K-alpha radiation sources. Generally implosions lead to more energy radiated than the implosive kinetic energy, and this is hypothesized as being due to ion viscous heating, as fast-growing short wavelength nonlinear MHD instabilities are dissipated; record ion temperatures of 200-300 keV are predicted and have been measured for the stainless steel array on Z at Sandia. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RRC Kurachatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 101 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B1 EP B11 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S01 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700003 ER PT J AU Koenig, M Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Ravasio, A Vinci, T Ozaki, N Lepape, S Batani, D Huser, G Hall, T Hicks, D MacKinnon, A Patel, P Park, HS Boehly, T Borghesi, M Kar, S Romagnani, L AF Koenig, M Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Ravasio, A Vinci, T Ozaki, N Lepape, S Batani, D Huser, G Hall, T Hicks, D MacKinnon, A Patel, P Park, HS Boehly, T Borghesi, M Kar, S Romagnani, L TI Progress in the study of warm dense matter SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; EARTHS CORE; MELTING CURVE; IRON; SOLIDS; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES; LASERS; PLASMA; BEAMS AB In the last few years, high power lasers have demonstrated the possibility to explore a new state of matter, the so-called warm dense matter. Among the possible techniques utilized to generate this state, we present the dynamic compression technique using high power lasers. Applications to planetary cores material (iron) will be discussed. Finally new diagnostics such as proton and hard-x-ray radiography of a shock propagating in a solid target will be presented. C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. INFM, I-20126 Milan, Italy. CEA, DRIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Essex, Phys Ctr, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Kar, Satyabrata/E-5220-2010; Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 32 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B441 EP B449 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S31 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700033 ER PT J AU Patel, PK Key, MH Mackinnon, AJ Berry, R Borghesi, M Chambers, DM Chen, H Clarke, R Damian, C Eagleton, R Freeman, R Glenzer, S Gregori, G Heathcote, R Hey, D Izumi, N Kar, S King, J Nikroo, A Niles, A Park, HS Pasley, J Patel, N Shepherd, R Snavely, RA Steinman, D Stoeckl, C Storm, M Theobald, W Town, R Van Maren, R Wilks, SC Zhang, B AF Patel, PK Key, MH Mackinnon, AJ Berry, R Borghesi, M Chambers, DM Chen, H Clarke, R Damian, C Eagleton, R Freeman, R Glenzer, S Gregori, G Heathcote, R Hey, D Izumi, N Kar, S King, J Nikroo, A Niles, A Park, HS Pasley, J Patel, N Shepherd, R Snavely, RA Steinman, D Stoeckl, C Storm, M Theobald, W Town, R Van Maren, R Wilks, SC Zhang, B TI Integrated laser-target interaction experiments on the RAL petawatt laser SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID PULSES; SOLIDS; PLASMA; BEAMS AB We review a recent experimental campaign to study the interaction physics of petawatt laser pulses incident at relativistic intensities on solid targets. The campaign was performed on the 500 J sub-picosecond petawatt laser at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. An extensive suite of optical, x-ray, and particle diagnostics was employed to characterise the processes of laser absorption, electron generation and transport, thermal and K-alpha x-ray generation, and proton acceleration. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Belfast BY7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. CCLRC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kar, Satyabrata/E-5220-2010; Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B833 EP B840 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S65 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700067 ER PT J AU Peng, YKM Fogarty, PJ Burgess, TW Strickler, DJ Nelson, BE Tsai, J Neumeyer, CA Bell, R Kessel, C Menard, J Gates, D LeBlanc, B Mikkelsen, D Fredrickson, E Grisham, L Schmidt, J Rutherford, P Sabbagh, S Field, A Sykes, A Cook, I Mitarai, O Takase, Y AF Peng, YKM Fogarty, PJ Burgess, TW Strickler, DJ Nelson, BE Tsai, J Neumeyer, CA Bell, R Kessel, C Menard, J Gates, D LeBlanc, B Mikkelsen, D Fredrickson, E Grisham, L Schmidt, J Rutherford, P Sabbagh, S Field, A Sykes, A Cook, I Mitarai, O Takase, Y TI A component test facility based on the spherical tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID TORUS PLASMAS; NEUTRON SOURCE; ASPECT-RATIO; POWER-PLANT; LONG-PULSE; HIGH-BETA; PHYSICS; NSTX; CONFINEMENT; TECHNOLOGY AB Recent experiments (Synakowski et al 2004 Nucl. Fusion 43 1648, Lloyd et al 2004 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46 13477) on the Spherical Tokamak (or Spherical Torus, ST) (Peng 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 1681) have discovered robust plasma conditions, easing shaping, stability limits, energy confinement, self-driven current and sustainment. This progress has encouraged an update of the plasma conditions and engineering of a Component Test Facility (CTF), (Cheng 1998 Fusion Eng. Des. 38 219) which is a very valuable step in the development of practical fusion energy. The testing conditions in a CTF are characterized by high fusion neutron fluxes Gamma(n) approximate to 8.8 x 10(13) n s(-1) cm(-2) ('wall loading' W-L approximate to 2 MW m(-2)), over size-scale > 10(5) cm(2) and depth-scale > 50 cm, delivering > 3 accumulated displacement per atom per year ('neutron fluence' > 0.3 MW yr(-1) m(-2)) (Abdou et al 1999 Fusion Technol. 29 1). Such conditions are estimated to be achievable in a CTF with R-0 = 1.2 m, A = 1.5, elongation similar to 3, I-p similar to 12 MA, B-T similar to 2.5 T, producing a driven fusion burn using 47 MW of combined neutral beam and RF heating power. A design concept that allows straight-line access via remote handling to all activated fusion core components is developed and presented. The ST CTF will test the lifetime of single-turn, copper alloy centre leg for the toroidal field coil without an induction solenoid and neutron shielding and require physics data on solenoid-free plasma current initiation, ramp-up to and sustainment at multiple megaampere level. A systems code that combines the key required plasma and engineering science conditions of CTF has been prepared and utilized as part of this study. The results show high potential for a family of relatively low cost CTF devices to suit a range of fusion engineering and technology test missions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT Battelle, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Kyushu Tokai Univ, Inst Ind Sci & Tech Res, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8628652, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Peng, YKM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT Battelle, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 52 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B263 EP B283 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S20 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700022 ER PT J AU Pitts, RA Coad, JP Coster, DP Federici, G Fundamenski, W Horacek, J Krieger, K Kukushkin, A Likonen, J Matthews, GF Rubel, M Strachan, JD AF Pitts, RA Coad, JP Coster, DP Federici, G Fundamenski, W Horacek, J Krieger, K Kukushkin, A Likonen, J Matthews, GF Rubel, M Strachan, JD CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Material erosion and migration in tokamaks SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; CARBON CHEMICAL EROSION; FUTURE FUSION DEVICES; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ASDEX UPGRADE; DIII-D; FLUX DEPENDENCE; INNER DIVERTOR; I ELMS; DEPOSITED LAYERS AB The issue of first wall and divertor target lifetime represents one of the greatest challenges facing the successful demonstration of integrated tokamak burning plasma operation, even in the case of the planned next step device, ITER, which will run at a relatively low duty cycle in comparison to future fusion power plants. Material erosion by continuous or transient plasma ion and neutral impact, the susbsequent transport of the released impurities through and by the plasma and their deposition and/or eventual re-erosion constitute the process of migration. Its importance is now recognized by a concerted research effort throughout the international tokamak community, comprising a wide variety of devices with differing plasma configurations, sizes and plasmafacing component material. No single device, however, operates with the first wall material mix currently envisaged for ITER, and all are far from the ITER energy throughput and divertor particle fluxes and fluences. This paper aims to review the basic components of material erosion and migration in tokamaks, illustrating each by way of examples from current research and attempting to place them in the context of the next step device. Plans for testing an ITER-like first wall material mix on the JET tokamak will also be briefly outlined. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EFDA, Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ITER Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, TEKES, VTT Proc, Espoo 02044, Finland. Royal Inst Technol, EURATOM Assoc, VR, Alfven Lab, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pitts, RA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Horacek, Jan/G-8301-2014; Krieger, Karl/F-9762-2014 OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Horacek, Jan/0000-0002-4276-3124; Krieger, Karl/0000-0003-0427-8184 NR 101 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B303 EP B322 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S22 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700024 ER PT J AU Roth, M Brambrink, E Audebert, P Basko, M Blazevic, A Clarke, R Cobble, J Cowan, TE Fernandez, J Fuchs, J Hegelich, M Ledingham, K Logan, LG Neely, D Ruhl, H Schollmeier, M AF Roth, M Brambrink, E Audebert, P Basko, M Blazevic, A Clarke, R Cobble, J Cowan, TE Fernandez, J Fuchs, J Hegelich, M Ledingham, K Logan, LG Neely, D Ruhl, H Schollmeier, M TI Laser accelerated ions in ICF research prospects and experiments SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID FAST-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; PROTON-BEAMS; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; HOT-ELECTRONS; FAST IGNITION; HEAVY-ION; GENERATION; SOLIDS; MATTER AB The acceleration of ions by ultra-intense lasers has attracted great attention due to the unique properties and the unmatched intensities of the ion beams. In the early days the prospects for applications were already studied, and first experiments have identified some of the areas where laser accelerated ions can contribute to the ongoing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. In addition to the idea of laser driven proton fast ignition (PFI) and its use as a novel diagnostic tool for radiography the strong dependence on the electron transport in the target was found to be helpful in investigating the energy transport by electrons in fast ignitor scenarios. More recently an additional idea has been presented to use laser accelerated ion beams as the next generation ion sources, and taking advantage of the luminosity of the beams, to develop a test bed for heavy ion beam driven inertial confinement fusion physics. We review our recent experiments and simulations relevant to ICF research presenting a possible scenario for PFI as well as the prospects for next generation ion sources. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Lab Utilisat Laser Intenses, Palaiseau, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tech Univ Darmstadt, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Basko, Mikhail/Q-7767-2016 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Basko, Mikhail/0000-0001-8809-8601 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B841 EP B850 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S66 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700068 ER PT J AU Stoeckl, C Boehly, TR Delettrez, JA Hatchett, SP Frenje, JA Glebov, VY Li, CK Miller, JE Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Smalyuk, VA Stephens, RB Theobald, W Yaakobi, B Sangster, TC AF Stoeckl, C Boehly, TR Delettrez, JA Hatchett, SP Frenje, JA Glebov, VY Li, CK Miller, JE Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Smalyuk, VA Stephens, RB Theobald, W Yaakobi, B Sangster, TC TI Direct-drive fuel-assembly experiments with gas-filled, cone-in-shell, fast-ignitor targets on the OMEGA Laser SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Physical Soc ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; PERFORMANCE; PARTICLES; PROGRESS; DENSITY; PLASMA AB The fuel assembly of gas-filled, cone-in-shell, fast-ignitor targets is being studied experimentally at the OMEGA Laser Facility. The spherical plastic (CH) shells with a similar to 24 mu m wall thickness had a 70 degrees or 35 degrees opening-angle gold cone inserted. The targets, filled with similar to 10 atm of D-3 He or D-2, were imploded by direct illumination with up to 21 kJ of 351 nm laser light. Some experiments used a backlighter to study the fuel assembly and mixing of cone material into the dense core. No significant mixing of the cone and core material was observed. Using both fusion products and backlit images, an areal density of similar to 60 to 70 mg cm(-2) was inferred for the dense core assembly. The filling of the inside of the cone, where the ultrafast laser propagates in integrated fast-ignitor experiments, was studied using a streaked optical pyrometer. No plasma was seen inside the cone before the assembled core reached peak compression. These results are promising for successful integrated fast-ignitor experiments on the OMEGA EP Facility, scheduled to be completed in 2007. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Stoeckl, C (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B859 EP B867 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S68 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700070 ER PT J AU Sutz, SA Vesey, RA Hanson, DL Campbell, RB Mehlhorn, TA Cuneo, ME Porter, JL AF Sutz, SA Vesey, RA Hanson, DL Campbell, RB Mehlhorn, TA Cuneo, ME Porter, JL TI Fast ignition studies at Sandia National Laboratories SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID FUSION; LASER; DENSITY; FUEL AB Sandia National Laboratories is developing a combination of experimental and theoretical capabilities useful for the study of fast ignition physics. Pulsed power machines such as the present Z machine have demonstrated the ability to drive inertial fusion implosions. The Z-beamlet laser is currently being used to create multi-kiloelectronvolts photons for backlighting, which can be used to diagnose the compression of deuterium/tritium to high densities. A high-energy petawatt capability is presently being added to the Z-beamlet to extend the backlighting x-ray energy up to 10-50 keV and to enable integrated fast ignition experiments. We are also developing a capability to implode capsules filled with liquid deuterium/tritium, which avoids the stringent temperature control required for beta-layered capsules. In preparation for such experiments, the theory group at Sandia is modelling various aspects of fast ignition physics. Numerical simulations of laser/plasma interaction, electron transport and ion generation are being performed. Simulations of the compression of deuterium/tritium fuel in various geometries are being performed. Analytic and numerical modelling has been performed to determine the conditions required for fast ignition breakeven scaling. These results indicate that breakeven will require about 5% of the laser energy needed for ignition and might be an achievable goal with an upgraded Z-beamlet laser in short pulse mode. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B851 EP B858 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S67 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700069 ER PT J AU Tuccillo, AA Barbato, E Bae, YS Becoulet, A Bernabei, S Bibet, P Calabro, G Cardinali, A Castaldo, C Cesario, R Cho, MH Cirant, S Crisanti, F Ekedahl, A Eriksson, LG Farina, D Giruzzi, G Goniche, M Granucci, G Ide, S Imbeaux, F Karttunen, S Litaudon, X Mailloux, J Mazon, D Mirizzi, F Moreau, D Nowak, S Namkung, W Panaccione, L Pericoli-Ridolfini, V Peysson, Y Petrzilka, V Podda, S Rantamaki, K Santini, F Saveliev, A Schneider, M Sozzi, C Suzuki, T AF Tuccillo, AA Barbato, E Bae, YS Becoulet, A Bernabei, S Bibet, P Calabro, G Cardinali, A Castaldo, C Cesario, R Cho, MH Cirant, S Crisanti, F Ekedahl, A Eriksson, LG Farina, D Giruzzi, G Goniche, M Granucci, G Ide, S Imbeaux, F Karttunen, S Litaudon, X Mailloux, J Mazon, D Mirizzi, F Moreau, D Nowak, S Namkung, W Panaccione, L Pericoli-Ridolfini, V Peysson, Y Petrzilka, V Podda, S Rantamaki, K Santini, F Saveliev, A Schneider, M Sozzi, C Suzuki, T TI Progress in LHCD: a tool for advanced regimes on ITER SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS; FOKKER-PLANCK SOLVER; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; REAL-TIME CONTROL; CURRENT DRIVE; ALPHA-PARTICLES; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CURRENT PROFILE; JET PLASMAS AB The recent success in coupling lower hybrid (LH) waves in high performance plasmas at JET together with the first demonstration on FTU of the coupling capability of the new passive active multijunction launcher removed major concerns on the possibility of using LH on ITER. LH exhibits the highest experimental current drive (CD) efficiency at low plasma temperature thus making it the natural candidate for off-axis CD on ITER where current profile control will help in maintaining burning performance on a long-time scale. We review recent LH results: long internal transport barrier obtained in JET with current profile sustained and controlled by LH acting under real time feedback together with first LH control of flat q-profile in a hybrid regime with T-e similar to T-i. Minutes long fully non-inductive LH driven discharges on Tore Supra (TS). High CD efficiency with electron cyclotron in synergy with LH obtained in FTU and TS opening the possibility of interesting scenarii on ITER for MHD stabilization. Preliminary results of LH modelling for ITER are also reported. A brief overview of ITER LH system is reported together with some indication of new coming LH experiments, in particular KSTAR where CW klystrons at the foreseen ITER frequency of 5 GHz are being developed. C1 ENEA Sulla Fus, EURATOM Assoc, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. CEA Cadarache, DSM, DRFC, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CNR, IFP, EURATOM Assoc, ENEA Sulla Fus, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. EURATOM, TEKES, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Acad Sci Czech Republic, EURATOM Assoc, IPP CR, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP ENEA Sulla Fus, EURATOM Assoc, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RI Schneider, Mireille/B-7821-2010; Sozzi, Carlo/F-4158-2012; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; Saveliev, Alexander/C-1095-2014 OI Sozzi, Carlo/0000-0001-8951-0071; NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B363 EP B377 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S26 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700028 ER PT J AU van Milligen, BP Carreras, BA Sanchez, R AF van Milligen, BP Carreras, BA Sanchez, R TI The foundations of diffusion revisited SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT; TIME RANDOM-WALKS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; FRACTIONAL KINETICS; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; DYNAMICS; CONFINEMENT; PARADIGM AB Diffusion is essentially the macroscopic manifestation of random (Brownian) microscopic motion. This idea has been generalized in the continuous time random walk formalism, which under quite general conditions leads to a generalized master equation (GME) that provides a useful modelling framework for transport. Here we review some of the basic ideas underlying this formalism from the perspective of transport in (magnetic confinement) plasmas. Under some specific conditions, the fluid limit of the GME corresponds to the Fokker-Planck (FP) diffusion equation in inhomogeneous systems, which reduces to Fick's law when the system is homogeneous. It is suggested that the FP equation may be preferable in fusion plasmas due to the inhomogeneity of the system, which would imply that part of the observed inward convection ('pinch') can be ascribed to this inhomogeneity. The GME also permits a mathematically sound approach to more complex transport issues, such as the incorporation of critical gradients and non-local transport mechanisms. A toy model incorporating these ingredients was shown to possess behaviour that bears a striking similarity to certain unusual phenomena observed in fusion plasmas. C1 EURATOM, CIEMAT Fus, Madrid 28040, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Leganes 28911, Spain. RP EURATOM, CIEMAT Fus, Avda Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015 OI van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274 NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 SU 12B SI SI BP B743 EP B754 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S56 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 999WD UT WOS:000234420700058 ER PT J AU Almaas, E Oltvai, ZN Barabasi, AL AF Almaas, Eivind Oltvai, Zoltan N. Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo TI The activity reaction core and plasticity of metabolic networks SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI MG1655; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; GENOME; MODEL; ORGANIZATION; DEFINITION; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS; YEAST; K-12 AB Understanding the system-level adaptive changes taking place in an organism in response to variations in the environment is a key issue of contemporary biology. Current modeling approaches, such as constraint-based flux-balance analysis, have proved highly successful in analyzing the capabilities of cellular metabolism, including its capacity to predict deletion phenotypes, the ability to calculate the relative flux values of metabolic reactions, and the capability to identify properties of optimal growth states. Here, we use flux-balance analysis to thoroughly assess the activity of Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism in 30,000 diverse simulated environments. We identify a set of metabolic reactions forming a connected metabolic core that carry non-zero fluxes under all growth conditions, and whose flux variations are highly correlated. Furthermore, we find that the enzymes catalyzing the core reactions display a considerably higher fraction of phenotypic essentiality and evolutionary conservation than those catalyzing noncore reactions. Cellular metabolism is characterized by a large number of species-specific conditionally active reactions organized around an evolutionary conserved, but always active, metabolic core. Finally, we find that most current antibiotics interfering with bacterial metabolism target the core enzymes, indicating that our findings may have important implications for antimicrobial drug- target discovery. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Microbial Syst Div, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Harvard Univ, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Oltvai, ZN (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM oltvai@pitt.edu OI Almaas, Eivind/0000-0002-9125-326X NR 22 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 7 BP 557 EP 563 AR e68 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010068 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 069WS UT WOS:000239480500004 PM 16362071 ER PT J AU Celina, M Gillen, KT Assink, RA AF Celina, M Gillen, KT Assink, RA TI Accelerated aging and lifetime prediction: Review of non-Arrhenius behaviour due to two competing processes SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Review DE accelerated aging; polymer; aging; thermal degradation; lifetime prediction; extrapolation; performance; material selection; Arrhenius; curvature ID OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE; RUBBER; EXTRAPOLATION; CONSUMPTION; RELAXATION; ELASTOMERS AB Lifetime prediction of polymeric materials often requires extrapolation of accelerated aging data with the suitability and confidence in such approaches being subject to ongoing discussions. This paper reviews the evidence of non-Arrhenius behaviour (curvature) instead of linear extrapolations in polymer degradation studies. Several studies have emphasized mechanistic variations in the degradation mechanism and demonstrated changes in activation energies but often data have not been fully quantified. To improve predictive capabilities a simple approach for dealing with curvature in Arrhenius plots is examined on a basis of two competing reactions. This allows for excellent fitting of experimental data as shown for some elastomers. does not require complex kinetic modelling, and individual activation energies are easily determined. Reviewing literature data for the thermal degradation of polypropylene a crossover temperature (temperature at which the two processes equally contribute) of similar to 83 degrees C was determined, with the high temperature process having a considerably higher activation energy (107-156 kJ/mol) than the low temperature process (35-50 kJ/mol). Since low activation energy processes can dominate at low temperatures and longer extrapolations result in larger uncertainties in lifetime predictions, experiments focused on estimating E-a values at the lowest possible temperature instead of assuming straight line extrapolations will lead to more confident lifetime estimates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1811, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Celina, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1811, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mccelin@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 15 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 90 IS 3 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.polydegradstab.2005.05.004 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 978TD UT WOS:000232895000001 ER PT J AU Linebarger, JM Janneck, CD Kessler, GD AF Linebarger, JM Janneck, CD Kessler, GD TI Leaving the world behind: Supporting group collaboration patterns in a shared virtual environment for product design SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article AB Virtual reality technology is increasingly being applied to globally distributed teams engaged in collaborative product design. Observations of product design teams have suggested four distinct patterns of collaboration-complementary, competitive, peer-to-peer, and leader-follower. Another insight from observation is that collaboration consists of fluid transitions between these patterns in the accomplishment of the design task, driven by a flexible process of subgrouping and regrouping which reflects the structure and progress of the task. Yet most collaborative virtual environment systems support only one pattern of collaboration-peer-to-peer-and those that do explicitly support multiple patterns or roles do not allow fluid transitions between them in the context of the same task In addition, no explicit support is provided to allow subgroups to be formed and dissolved. A collaborative virtual environment that supports multiple collaboration patterns and fluid transitions was developed using the Shared Simple Virtual Environment (SSVE) application framework. A novel user interface widget, the collaboration tree, was created to drive the subgrouping and regrouping process. Group experiments were performed to test the operating hypothesis that support for group collaboration patterns led to higher performance. The result was that the operating hypothesis was confirmed; however, the conceptual approach to problem solving, suggested by the presence of support for collaboration patterns, may have been more significant than the actual mechanism provided. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmlineb@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1054-7460 EI 1531-3263 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 697 EP 719 DI 10.1162/105474605775196625 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 001ND UT WOS:000234542700007 ER PT J AU Fthenakis, VM Fuhrmann, M Heiser, J Lanzirotti, A Fitts, J Wang, W AF Fthenakis, VM Fuhrmann, M Heiser, J Lanzirotti, A Fitts, J Wang, W TI Emissions and encapsulation of cadmium in CdTePV modules during fires SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition CY JUN, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE DE CdTe; photovoltaics; LCA; life-cycle assessment; fire emissions; cadmium; leaching; ion-exchange AB Fires in residential and commercial properties are not uncommon. If such fires involve the roof, photovoltaic arrays mounted on the roof will be exposed to the flames. The amount of cadmium that call be released in fires involving CdTe PV and the magnitude of associated health risks has been debated. The current study aims in delineating this issue. Previous thermogravimetric studies of CdTe, involved pure CdTe and single-glass PV modules. The current study is based on glass-glass CdTe PV modules which are the only ones in the market. Pieces of commercial CdTe photovoltaic (PV) modules, sizes 25 x 3 cm, were heated to temperatures up to 1100 degrees C to simulate exposure to residential and commercial building fires. The temperature rate and duration in these experiments were defined according to standard protocols. Four different types of analysis were performed to investigate emissions and redistribution of elements in the matrix of heated CdTe PV modules: (1) measurements of sample weight loss as a function of temperature; (2) analyses of Cd and Te in the gaseous emissions; (3) Cd distribution in the heated glass using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis; and (4) chemical analysis for Cd and Te in the acid-digested glass. These experiments showed that almost all (i.e., 99-5%) of the cadmium content of CdTe PV modules was encapsulated in the molten glass matrix; a small amount of Cd escaped from the perimeter of the samples before the two sheets of glass melted together. Adjusting for this loss in full-size modules, results in 99-96% retention of Cd. Multiplying this with the probability of occurrence for residential fires in wood-frame houses in the US (e.g., 10(-4)), results in emissions of 0-06mg/GWh; the probability of sustained fires and subsequent emissions in adequately designed and maintained utility systems appears to be zero. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Resources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 830, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vmf@bnl.gov RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1002/pip.624 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 994BU UT WOS:000234005700007 ER PT J AU Thompson, DG Olinger, B DeLuca, R AF Thompson, DG Olinger, B DeLuca, R TI The effect of pressing parameters on the mechanical properties of plastic bonded explosives SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE PBX 9501; mechanical properties; hydrostatic pressing; isostatic pressing AB Quasi-static, uniaxial mechanical properties were measured for a series of PBX 9501 parts that were compacted using a permutation of various pressing parameters. Results were analyzed in terms of specimen density as well as pressing parameters. These data led to a second set of tests where PBX 9501 parts were compacted using various dwell times and temperatures, all other pressing parameters being field constant. Quasi-static tensile data for these parts indicated that for the given range of parameters and specimen densities, the compaction temperature has a larger effect on the mechanical properties than does the dwell time. Moreover, for the range of parameters used, higher compaction temperatures and lower dwell times gave the compacted part more strength and toughness. Desired mechanical characteristics may be achieved by the appropriate selection of pressing conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dkgraff@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1002/prep.200500030 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 000CJ UT WOS:000234438200001 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Tappan, BC Hiskey, MA Son, SF Harry, H Montoya, D Hagelberg, S AF Chavez, DE Tappan, BC Hiskey, MA Son, SF Harry, H Montoya, D Hagelberg, S TI New high-nitrogen materials based on nitroguanyl-tetrazines: Explosive properties, thermal decomposition and combustion studies SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE explosive sensitivity; thermal decomposition; nitroguanyl-tetrazines AB This paper describes the explosive sensitivity and performance properties of two novel high-nitrogen materials, 3,6-bis-nitro-guanyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1, (NQ(2)Tz)) and its corresponding bis-triaminoguanidinium salt (2, (TAG)(2)(NQ)(2)Tz)). These materials exhibit very low pressure dependence in burning rate. Flash pyrolysis/FTIR spectroscopy was performed, and insight into this interesting burning behavior was obtained. Our studies indicate that 1 and 2 exhibit highly promising energetic materials properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX2 Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX2 Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov; btappan@lanl.gov OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1002/prep.200500033 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 000CJ UT WOS:000234438200004 ER PT J AU Harry, HH Uher, KJ Hagelberg, SI Hartline, EL AF Harry, HH Uher, KJ Hagelberg, SI Hartline, EL TI The poly-rho test as a screening tool for explosive performance SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE poly-rho test; detonation velocity versus density; rate-stick; failure diameter AB A screening test was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory [1] that can be used to decide if a newly synthesized/formulated explosive might warrant further development. The test consists of firing a rate-stick composed of 12.7 mm diameter by 12.7 mm high pellets of different densities ordered from lowest to highest, initiated by a detonator at the low-density end of the stick. This poly-rho test yields detonation velocities over a range of densities using only the small amount of the explosive typically generated by the synthetic organic chemist at an early stage of the scale-up process. The amount of material required is far less than that required for the typical rate-stick series. This paper presents results on poly-rho tests that were conducted on three explosives commonly used at Los Alamos National Laboratory, namely PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and PETN. The results are compared with empirical detonation-theory predictions and existing explosive experimental data, with good agreement in all cases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harry, HH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, DX-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM harry_bert@lanl.aov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 430 EP 434 DI 10.1002/prep.200500036 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 000CJ UT WOS:000234438200007 ER PT J AU Yu, GX Park, BH Chandramohan, P Geist, A Samatova, NF AF Yu, GX Park, BH Chandramohan, P Geist, A Samatova, NF TI An evolution-based analysis scheme to identify CO2/O-2 specificity-determining factors for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE chloroplast evolution; CO2; O-2 specificity; photosynthesis; photorespiration; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; oxygenase; RuBisCo; residue substitution pattern ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CO2 FIXATION; RED ALGAE; RUBISCO; SEQUENCES; OXYGENASE; RESIDUE; ORIGINS AB Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in photosynthetic carbon assimilation (reacting with CO2) and its competitive photo-respiratory carbon oxidation (reacting with O-2). RuBisCo enzyme with an enhanced CO2/O-2 specificity would boost the ability to make great progress in agricultural production and environmental management. RuBisCos in marine non-green algae, resulting from an earlier endo-symbiotic event, diverge greatly from those in green plants and cyanobacteria and, further, have the highest CO2/O-2 specificity whereas RuBisCos in cyanobacteria have the lowest. We assumed that there exist different levels of CO2/O-2 specificity-determining factors, corresponding to different evolutionary events and specificity levels. Based on this assumption, we devised a scheme to identify these substrate-determining factors. From this analysis, we are able to discover different categories of the CO2/O-2 specificity-determining factors that show which residue substitutions account for (relatively) small specificity changes, as happened in green plants, or a tremendous enhancement, as observed in marine non-green algae. Therefore, the analysis can improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms in the substrate specificity development and prioritize candidate specificity-determining surface residues for site-directed mutagenesis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, GX (reprint author), Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Washington St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yu07_2000@yahoo.com; samatovan@ornl.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1093/protein/gzi065 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 987CA UT WOS:000233494800005 PM 16246824 ER PT J AU Binkowski, TA Joachimiak, A Liang, J AF Binkowski, TA Joachimiak, A Liang, J TI Protein surface analysis for function annotation in high-throughput structural genomics pipeline SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE structural genomics; protein surface; surface pattern; protein function; pocket sequence; pocket shape; surface matching; functional genomics ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE-SITE; ENZYME; PATTERNS; BINDING; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; DATABASES AB Structural genomics (SG) initiatives are expanding the universe of protein fold space by rapidly determining structures of proteins that were intentionally selected on the basis of low sequence similarity to proteins of known structure. Often these proteins have no associated biochemical or cellular functions. The SG success has resulted in an accelerated deposition of novel structures. In some cases the structural bioinformatics analysis applied to these novel structures has provided specific functional assignment. However, this approach has also uncovered limitations in the functional analysis of uncharacterized proteins using traditional sequence and backbone structure methodologies. A novel method, named pvSOAR (pocket and void Surface of Amino Acid Residues), of comparing the protein surfaces of geometrically defined pockets and voids was developed. pvSOAR was able to detect previously unrecognized and novel functional relationships between surface features of proteins. In this study, pvSOAR is applied to several structural genomics proteins. We examined the surfaces of YecM, BioH, and RpiB from Escherichia coli as well as the CBS domains from inosine-5'-monosphate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus pyogenes, conserved hypothetical protein Ta549 from Thermoplasm acidophilum, and CBS domain protein mt1622 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum with the goal to infer information about their biochemical function. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Midw Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, 851 S Morgan St,Room 218, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jliang@uic.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414, GM62414, GM68958, P50 GM062414-02, R01 GM068958] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2972 EP 2981 DI 10.1110/ps.051759005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990RW UT WOS:000233761900005 PM 16322579 ER PT J AU Sun, W Xu, XH Pavlova, M Edwards, AM Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A Christendat, D AF Sun, W Xu, XH Pavlova, M Edwards, AM Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A Christendat, D TI The crystal structure of a novel SAM-dependent methyltransferase PH1915 from Pyrococcus horikoshii SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COG1092; crystal structure; methyltransferase; PH1915; S-adenosylmethionine ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MODIFICATION DATABASE; RELEASE FACTORS; PROTEIN; HEMK; DEFECTS AB The S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases represent a diverse and biologically important class of enzymes. These enzymes utilize the ubiquitous methyl donor SAM as a cofactor to methylate proteins, small molecules, lipids, and nucleic acids. Here we present the crystal structure of PHI 915 from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3, a predicted SAM-dependent methyltransferase. This protein belongs to the Cluster of Orthologous Group 1092, and the presented crystal structure is the first representative structure of this protein family. Based on sequence and 3D structure analysis, we have made valuable functional insights that will facilitate further studies for characterizing this group of proteins. Specifically, we propose that PH1915 and its orthologs are rRNA- or tRNA-specific methyltransferases. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, Ontario Ctr Struct Prote, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Midw Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RP Christendat, D (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. EM dinesh.christendat@utoronto.ca FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414-02, GM62413, GM62414, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062413] NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3121 EP 3128 DI 10.1110/ps.051821805 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990RW UT WOS:000233761900019 PM 16260766 ER PT J AU Seeliger, MA Young, M Henderson, MN Pellicena, P King, DS Falick, AM Kuriyan, J AF Seeliger, MA Young, M Henderson, MN Pellicena, P King, DS Falick, AM Kuriyan, J TI High yield bacterial expression of active c-Abl and c-Src tyrosine kinases SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Src; Abl; imatinib; tyrosine kinases; biophysical methods; bacterial expression; NMR ID CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; FAMILY KINASES; IMATINIB; PURIFICATION; INHIBITOR; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; DOMAIN; CELLS; DRUG AB The Abl and Src tyrosine kinases are key signaling proteins that are of considerable interest as drug targets in cancer and many other diseases. The regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of these proteins are complex, and involve large-scale conformational changes in response to phosphorylation and other modulatory signals. The success of the AN inhibitor imatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia has shown the potential of kinase inhibitors, but the rise of drug resistance in patients has also shown that drugs with alternative modes of binding to the kinase are needed. The detailed understanding of mechanisms of protein-drug interaction and drug resistance through biophysical methods demands a method for the production of active protein on the milligram scale. We have developed a bacterial expression system for the kinase domains of c-Abl and c-Src, which allows for the quick expression and purification of active wild-type and mutant kinase domains by coexpression with the YopH tyrosine phosphatase. This method makes practical the use of isotopic labeling of c-Abl and c-Src for NMR studies, and is also applicable for constructs containing the SH2 and SH3 domains of the kinases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 16 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@berkeley.edu RI Henderson, M Nidanie/C-6871-2008; Young, Matthew/D-2033-2011; Seeliger, Markus/D-6409-2013 OI Young, Matthew/0000-0003-2921-3432; NR 20 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 9 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3135 EP 3139 DI 10.1110/ps.051750905 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990RW UT WOS:000233761900021 PM 16260764 ER PT J AU Kumaran, D Eswaramoorthy, S Studier, FW Swaminathan, S AF Kumaran, D Eswaramoorthy, S Studier, FW Swaminathan, S TI Letters to the editor SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kumaran, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3145 EP 3145 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990RW UT WOS:000233761900023 ER PT J AU Wong, CF Kua, J Zhang, YK Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA AF Wong, CF Kua, J Zhang, YK Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA TI Molecular docking of balanol to dynamics snapshots of protein kinase A SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Autodock; Lamarckian genetic algorithm; protein flexibility; molecular dynamics; generalized born/surface area model ID ACCOMMODATING RECEPTOR FLEXIBILITY; GENERALIZED BORN MODELS; AUTOMATED DOCKING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FLEXIBLE LIGANDS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DRUG DESIGN; BINDING; SIMULATIONS; COMPLEX AB Even if the structure of a receptor has been determined experimentally, it may not be a conformation to which a ligand would bind when induced fit effects are significant. Molecular docking using such a receptor structure may thus fail to recognize a ligand to which the receptor can bind with reasonable affinity. Here, we examine one way to alleviate this problem by using an ensemble of receptor conformations generated from a molecular dynamics simulation for molecular docking. Two molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to generate snapshots for protein kinase A: one with the ligand bound, the other without. The ligand, balanol, was then docked to conformations of the receptors presented by these trajectories. The Lamarckian genetic algorithm in Autodock [Goodsell et al. J Mol Recognit 1996;9(1):1-5; Morris et al. J Comput Chem 1998;19(14):1639-1662] was used in the docking. Three ligand models were used: rigid, flexible, and flexible with torsional potentials. When the snapshots were taken from the molecular dynamics simulation of the protein-ligand complex, the correct docking structure could be recovered easily by the docking algorithm in all cases. This was an easier case for challenging the docking algorithm because, by using the structure of the protein in a protein-ligand complex, one essentially assumed that the protein already had a pocket to which the ligand can fit well. However, when the snapshots were taken from the ligand-free protein simulation, which is more useful for a practical application when the structure of the protein-ligand complex is not known, several clusters of structures were found. Of the 10 docking runs for each snapshot, at least one structure was close to the correctly docked structure when the flexible-ligand models were used. We found that a useful way to identify the correctly docked structure was to locate the structure that appeared most frequently as the lowest energy structure in the docking experiments to different snapshots. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, High Performance Computat Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wong, CF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM wongch@umsl.edu RI Zhang, Yingkai/A-3173-2008 OI Zhang, Yingkai/0000-0002-4984-3354 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 850 EP 858 DI 10.1002/prot.20688 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 989RJ UT WOS:000233691100015 PM 16245317 ER PT J AU Yu, GX Glass, EM Karonis, GT Maltsev, N AF Yu, GX Glass, EM Karonis, GT Maltsev, N TI Knowledge-based voting algorithm for automated protein functional annotation SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE protein function prediction; knowledge system; protein function groups; rules; voting procedure; alternative functional assignments ID GENOME SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; INCREASED COVERAGE; SWISS-PROT; DATABASE; ALIGNMENT; FAMILIES; INTERPRO; TREMBL; SYSTEM AB Automated annotation of high-throughput genome sequences is one of the earliest steps toward a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic behavior of living organisms. However, the step is often error-prone because of its underlying algorithms, which rely mainly on a simple similarity analysis, and lack of guidance from biological rules. We present herein a knowledge-based protein annotation algorithm. Our objectives are to reduce errors and to improve annotation confidences. This algorithm consists of two major components: a knowledge system, called "RuleMiner," and a voting procedure. The knowledge system, which includes biological rules and functional profiles for each function, provides a platform for seamless integration of multiple sequence analysis tools and guidance for function annotation. The voting procedure, which relies on the knowledge system, is designed to make (possibly) unbiased judgments in functional assignments among complicated, sometimes conflicting, information. We have applied this algorithm to 10 prokaryotic bacterial genomes and observed a significant improvement in annotation confidences. We also discuss the current limitations of the algorithm and the potential for future improvement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Yu, GX (reprint author), Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Washington St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Yu07_2000@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 907 EP 917 DI 10.1002/prot.20652 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 989RJ UT WOS:000233691100021 PM 16252283 ER PT J AU Klock, HE Schwarzenbacher, R Xu, QP McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Axelrod, H Biorac, T Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Jaroszewski, L Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Miller, MD Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rife, C Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J White, A Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF Klock, HE Schwarzenbacher, R Xu, QP McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Axelrod, H Biorac, T Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Jaroszewski, L Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Miller, MD Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rife, C Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J White, A Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Lesley, SA Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of a conserved hypothetical protein (gi : 13879369) from Mouse at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID REFINEMENT; GEOMETRY; PROGRAM C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009; Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015; OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X; Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725; van den Bedem, Henry/0000-0003-2358-841X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62477] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1136 DI 10.1002/prot.20610 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 989RJ UT WOS:000233691100044 PM 16224779 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN AF Lyness, JN TI A prototype four-dimensional Galerkin-type integral SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT RIMS Workshop on Thirty Years of the Double Exponential Transforms CY SEP 01-03, 2004 CL Res Inst Math Sci, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Res Inst Math Sci AB An error functional expansion is constructed for a four-dimensional integral over [0, 1](4) whose integrand function has a singularity structure of a type that occurs hi integrals in the Galerkin boundary element method. We show with an example how extrapolation may be used to evaluate this integral. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KYOTO UNIV PI KYOTO PA RES INST MATH SCI, KYOTO, 606, JAPAN SN 0034-5318 J9 PUBL RES I MATH SCI JI Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.2977/prims/1145474597 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 009DE UT WOS:000235090600003 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE Neumann, RD AF Feinendegen, LE Neumann, RD TI Physics must join with biology in better assessing risk from low-dose irradiation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; IONIZING-RADIATION; MICROBEAM IRRADIATION; PROTECTIVE RESPONSES; UNIRRADIATED CELLS; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; X-RAYS AB This review summarises the complex response of mammalian cells and tissues to low doses of ionising radiation. This thesis encompasses induction of DNA damage, and adaptive protection against both renewed damage and against propagation of damage from the basic level of biological organisation to the clinical expression of detriment. The induction of DNA damage at low radiation doses apparently is proportional to absorbed dose at the physical/chemical level. However, any propagation of such damage to higher levels of biological organisation inherently follows a sigmoid function. Moreover, low-dose-induced inhibition of damage propagation is not linear, but instead follows a dose-effect function typical for adaptive protection, after an initial rapid rise it disappears at doses higher than similar to 0.1-0.2 Gy to cells. The particular biological response duality at low radiation doses precludes the validity of the linear-no-threshold hypothesis in the attempt to relate absorbed dose to cancer. In fact, theory and observation support not only a lower cancer incidence than expected from the linear-no-threshold hypothesis, but also a reduction of spontaneously occurring cancer, a hormetic response, in the healthy individual. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIH, Clin Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM feinendegen@gmx.net NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci357 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 035MP UT WOS:000237005700002 PM 16244096 ER PT J AU Zumbro, JD Acuff, A Bull, JS Hughes, HG Prael, RE Selcow, EC AF Zumbro, JD Acuff, A Bull, JS Hughes, HG Prael, RE Selcow, EC TI Proton radiography applications with MCNP5 SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ICRS-10)/13th ANS Topical Meeting on Radiation Protection and Shielding (RPS 2004) CY MAY 09-14, 2004 CL Funchal, PORTUGAL SP Amer Nucl Soc AB A modified version of MCNP5 has been developed to treat continuous-energy proton transport. This work is summarised in companion papers by Hughes et al. and Bull et al. (in these proceedings). An intrinsic part of this development effort has involved testing, verification and validation of a capability for simulating proton radiographs. This paper presents the results of calculations simulating various different test objects and the effects of alternative physics models. The significant physics processes include elastic scattering, multiple coulomb scattering, collisional energy-loss and straggling, magnetic fields and attenuation owing to nuclear interactions. Comparisons with experimental data are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zumbro, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zumbro@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci034 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 035MP UT WOS:000237005700017 PM 16461513 ER PT J AU Bolinger, MA AF Bolinger, MA TI Making European-style community wind power development work in the US SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE wind power; community; financing; ownership; economics; policy AB Once primarily a European phenomenon, community wind power development-defined here as one or more locally owned, utility-scale wind turbines interconnected on either the customer or utility side of the meter-is gaining a foothold in an increasing number of states throughout the US. This article describes the various policies and incentives that Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Massachusetts are using to support community wind power development, and how state and federal support influences the types of projects and ownership structures that are being developed. Experience in these states demonstrates that, with an array of incentives and creative financing schemes targeted at community-scale projects, there are opportunities to make community wind work in the US. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mabolinger@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 556 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2004.04.002 PG 20 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 961SL UT WOS:000231682000002 ER PT J AU Treacy, MMJ Gibson, JM Fan, L Paterson, DJ McNulty, I AF Treacy, MMJ Gibson, JM Fan, L Paterson, DJ McNulty, I TI Fluctuation microscopy: a probe of medium range order SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID AMORPHOUS INTERGRANULAR FILMS; DIFFUSING-WAVE SPECTROSCOPY; RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ELECTRON-MICROGRAPHS; DISORDERED MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON; THERMODYNAMIC CRITERION; COVALENT MATERIALS AB Fluctuation microscopy is a hybrid diffraction-imaging technique that detects medium range order in amorphous materials by examining spatial fluctuations in coherent scattering. These fluctuations appear as speckle in images and diffraction patterns. The volume of material contributing to the speckle is determined by the point-spread function (the resolution) of the imaging optics and the sample thickness. The spatial periodicities being probed are related to the diffraction vector. Statistical analysis of the speckle allows the random and non-random (ordered) contributions to be discriminated. The image resolution that gives the maximum speckle contrast, as determined by the normalized variance of the image intensity, is determined by the characteristic length scale of the ordering. Because medium range ordering length scales can extend out to about the tenth coordination shell, fluctuation microscopy tends to be a low image resolution technique. This review presents the kinematical scattering theory underpinning fluctuation microscopy and a description of fluctuation electron microscopy as it has been employed in the transmission electron microscope for studying amorphous materials. Recent results using soft x-rays for studying nanoscale materials are also presented. We summarize outstanding issues and point to possible future directions for fluctuation microscopy as a technique. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Treacy, MMJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 871504, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 121 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2899 EP 2944 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/68/12/R06 PG 46 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 999AR UT WOS:000234361500006 ER PT J AU Ding, HF Pearson, JE Li, DQ Cheng, RH Fradin, FY Bader, SD AF Ding, HF Pearson, JE Li, DQ Cheng, RH Fradin, FY Bader, SD TI Electron-beam tip/sample heating device for a scanning tunneling microscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REAL-SPACE; MN LAYERS; TIPS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; SPECTROSCOPY; SCALE; STM AB We present an electron-beam heating device for a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that can be used for heating both the STM tip and the sample to 2200 K. Mounted on a linear bellows with electrical feedthroughs, the device can be readily installed into the transfer path of a vacuum load lock. We demonstrate the heating capability of the device by flash cleaning Ru(0001) and Fe(001) crystals, and W tips. The flash-cleaned W tips are coated with Fe and further used for spin-polarized imaging of the Mn/Fe(001) system. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ding, HF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hfding@gmail.com RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Ding, haifeng/B-4221-2010 OI Ding, haifeng/0000-0001-7524-0779 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 AR 123703 DI 10.1063/1.2140339 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 998SU UT WOS:000234340500018 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Nantista, CD Miller, RH Weidemann, AW AF Kim, JS Nantista, CD Miller, RH Weidemann, AW TI Resonant-cavity approach to noninvasive, pulse-to-pulse emittance measurement SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We present a resonant-cavity approach for noninvasive, pulse-to-pulse, beam emittance measurements of noncircular multibunch beams. In a resonant cavity, desired field components can be enhanced up to Q(L lambda)/pi, where Q(L lambda) is the loaded quality factor of the resonant mode lambda, when the cavity resonant mode matches the bunch frequency of a bunch-train beam pulse. In particular, a quad cavity, with its quadrupole mode (TM220 for rectangular cavities) at beam operating frequency, rotated 45 degrees with respect to the beamline, extracts the beam quadrupole moment exclusively, utilizing the symmetry of the cavity and some simple networks to suppress common modes. Six successive beam quadrupole-moment measurements, performed at different betatron phases in a linear transport system, determine the beam emittance, i.e., the beam size and shape in the beam's phase space, if the beam current and position at these points are known. In the presence of x-y beam coupling, ten measurements are required. One measurement alone provides the rms beam size of a large aspect ratio beam. The resolution for such a measurement of rms beam size with the rectangular quad-cavity monitor presented in this article is estimated to be on the order of 10 mu m. A prototype quad cavity was fabricated and preliminary beam tests were performed at the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The results were mainly limited by beam jitter and uncertainty in the beam position measurement at the cavity location. This motivated the development of a position-emittance integrated monitor [J. S. Kim , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 073302 (2005)]. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), FAR TECH Inc, 10350 Sci Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM kim@far-tech.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 AR 125109 DI 10.1063/1.2149191 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 998SU UT WOS:000234340500045 ER PT J AU Leskiw, BD Kim, MH Hall, GE Suits, AG AF Leskiw, BD Kim, MH Hall, GE Suits, AG TI Reflectron velocity map ion imaging (vol 76, pg 104101, 2005) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM asuits@chem.wayne.edu RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 AR 129901 DI 10.1063/1.2140445 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 998SU UT WOS:000234340500057 ER PT J AU Migliori, A Maynard, JD AF Migliori, A Maynard, JD TI Implementation of a modern resonant ultrasound spectroscopy system for the measurement of the elastic moduli of small solid specimens SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FILM AB The use of mechanical resonances to determine the elastic moduli of materials of interest to condensed-matter physics, engineering, materials science and more is a steadily evolving process. With the advent of massive computing capability in an ordinary personal computer, it is now possible to find all the elastic moduli of low-symmetry solids using sophisticated analysis of a set of the lowest resonances. This process, dubbed "resonant ultrasound spectroscopy" or RUS, provides the highest absolute accuracy of any routine elastic modulus measurement technique, and it does this quickly on small samples. RUS has been reviewed extensively elsewhere, but still lacking is a complete description of how to make such measurements with hardware and software easily available to the general science community. In this article, we describe how to implement realistically a useful RUS system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011 NR 15 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 AR 121301 DI 10.1063/1.2140494 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 998SU UT WOS:000234340500001 ER PT J AU Smither, R Abu Saleem, K Beno, M Kurtz, C Khounsary, A Abrosimov, N AF Smither, R Abu Saleem, K Beno, M Kurtz, C Khounsary, A Abrosimov, N TI Diffraction efficiency and diffraction bandwidth of thermal-gradient and composition-gradient crystals SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION SYNCHROTRON OPTICS; GAMMA-RAY LENS; PENDELLOSUNG FRINGES; DISTORTED CRYSTALS; SI1-XGEX; GROWTH AB Measurements were made at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory on the diffraction efficiency and diffraction bandwidth of a thermal-gradient crystal (Si) and a composition-gradient crystal (Si-Ge) to which a thermal gradient was applied. Gradient crystals are crystals in which the spacing between crystalline planes varies with the position in the crystal. This change in the crystal plane spacing is obtained by applying a thermal gradient to a single crystal or by growing a two-component crystal in which the ratio of the two components changes with position in the crystal. Measurements were made at two energies, 92.6 and 153 keV. Both crystals were 1-cm cubes. Laue diffraction (transmission diffraction) was used in all experiments. The thermal gradient was applied perpendicular to the [111] diffraction planes of the pure silicon crystal and perpendicular the [400] diffraction planes in the composition-gradient crystal (Si-Ge). The thermal gradient applied to the crystals was quite uniform. This resulted in nearly spherical surfaces for the crystalline planes. Changing the value of the thermal gradient applied to the crystals changed the radius of curvature of the spherical surface. The thermal gradients were varied between 0.0 and 114 degrees C/cm, resulting in radii of curvature from near infinity down to 40 m. By adjusting the thermal gradient applied to the crystals, one obtained diffraction efficiencies between 0.90 and 0.95 and bandwidths of up to 100 arc sec. The diffraction efficiency in the Laue geometry is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the diffracted beam to the intensity of the undiffracted beam that passes through the crystal when there is no diffraction. The length of the crystal traversed by the x-ray beam was 1.0 cm in all cases. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rks@aps.anl.gov RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 AR 123107 DI 10.1063/1.2130928 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 998SU UT WOS:000234340500008 ER PT J AU Shenvi, CL Dong, KC Friedman, EM Hanson, JA Cate, JHD AF Shenvi, CL Dong, KC Friedman, EM Hanson, JA Cate, JHD TI Accessibility of 18S rRNA in human 40S subunits and 80S ribosomes at physiological magnesium ion concentrations - implications for the study of ribosome dynamics SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ribosome dynamics; translation initiation; protein synthesis; chemical probing ID PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE CENTER; AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; DIRECTED CROSS-LINKING; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MESSENGER-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DECODING REGION; THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS; 30 S; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB Protein biosynthesis requires numerous conformational rearrangements within the ribosome. The structural core of the ribosome is composed of RNA and is therefore dependent on counterions such as magnesium ions for function. Many steps of translation can be compromised or inhibited if the concentration of Mg2+ is too low or too high. Conditions previously used to probe the conformation of the mammalian ribosome in vitro used high Mg2+ concentrations that we find completely inhibit translation in vitro. We have therefore probed the conformation of the small ribosomal subunit in low concentrations of Mg2+ that support translation in vitro and compared it with the conformation of the 40S subunit at high Mg2+ concentrations. In low Mg2+ concentrations, we find significantly more changes in chemical probe accessibility in the 40S subunit due to subunit association or binding of the hepatitis C internal ribosomal entry site (HCV IRES) than had been observed before. These results suggest that the ribosome is more dynamic in its functional state than previously appreciated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 202 Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcate@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 T32 GM066698-01AI, R01 GM065050, R01-GM65050, T32 GM007232, T32 GM066698, T32-GM07232-27] NR 68 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1898 EP 1908 DI 10.1261/rna.2192805 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 990QS UT WOS:000233758900016 PM 16314459 ER PT J AU Thieberger, P AF Thieberger, P TI Cosmic sour note SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thieberger, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 293 IS 6 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990NJ UT WOS:000233750200005 ER PT J AU Hannum, WH Marsh, GE Stanford, GS AF Hannum, WH Marsh, GE Stanford, GS TI Smarter use of nuclear waste SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB Fast-neutron reactors could extract much more energy from recycled nuclear fuel, minimize the risks of weapons proliferation and markedly reduce the time nuclear waste must be isolated. C1 US DOE, Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Nucl Energy Agcy, Paris, France. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 293 IS 6 BP 84 EP 91 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990NJ UT WOS:000233750200034 PM 16323695 ER PT J AU Fan, C Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Fan, C Choo, H Liaw, PK TI Influences of Ta, Nb or Mo additions in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses on microstructure and thermal properties SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE bulk amorphous materials; rapid solidification; quenching; alloys processing and structures ID ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; STABILITY; TI; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The master-alloy ingots for casting bulk metallic glasses are routinely prepared by arc melting a mixture of pure elements. This paper addresses the difficulty in achieving complete and homogeneous melting of refractory component additions in Zr-based BMGs using the above procedure, and its influences on the microstructure and thermal behavior of alloys. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fan, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1410 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.08.025 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 975YR UT WOS:000232700500016 ER PT J AU Hershberger, J Ajayi, OO Fenske, GR AF Hershberger, J Ajayi, OO Fenske, GR TI Phase transformation in nickel during tribotesting SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE high-speed deformation; severe plastic deformation (SPD)-friction; metal and alloys-nickel; metastable phases; wear ID NI FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SCUFFING FAILURE; CRYSTALS; CU(111); GROWTH; STEEL AB Commercially pure nickel was subjected to a polyalphaolefin-lubricated reciprocating tribotest with increasing load. A friction transition was observed and X-ray diffraction was performed on low-friction and high-friction areas. Hexagonal nickel or nickel carbide was formed at high friction. Broadening of the face-centered cubic peaks did not show dislocation structures characteristic of scuffing. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hershberger, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212,Room D204, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jhersh@anl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1453 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.08.013 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 975YR UT WOS:000232700500024 ER PT J AU Kim, J Lee, J Na, HB Kim, BC Youn, JK Kwak, JH Moon, K Lee, E Kim, J Park, J Dohnalkova, A Park, HG Gu, MB Chang, HN Grate, JW Hyeon, T AF Kim, J Lee, J Na, HB Kim, BC Youn, JK Kwak, JH Moon, K Lee, E Kim, J Park, J Dohnalkova, A Park, HG Gu, MB Chang, HN Grate, JW Hyeon, T TI A magnetically separable, highly stable enzyme system based on nanocomposites of enzymes and magnetic nanoparticles shipped in hierarchically ordered, mesocellular, mesoporous silica SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE enzyme catalysis; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic separation; mesoporous materials; silica ID CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; BIOCATALYSIS; CRYSTALLINE; SIZE; ADSORPTION; STABILITY; PROTEINS; MCM-41 C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Environm Monitoring Res Ctr, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jungbae.Kim@pnl.gov; thyeon@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Byoung Chan/A-2885-2009; PARK, HYUN GYU/C-1597-2011; Chang, HN/B-9351-2011; Hyeon, Taeghwan/J-5315-2012; Park, Jongnam/F-5085-2010; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Sang Hoon/H-9911-2015; Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016; Lee, Junyoung/D-5463-2012 OI Kim, Jaeyun/0000-0002-4687-6732; Park, Jongnam/0000-0002-0954-0172; Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446; Moon, Karam/0000-0002-7984-5801; Lee, Junyoung/0000-0001-6689-2759 NR 45 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1203 EP 1207 DI 10.1002/smll.200500245 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 983GT UT WOS:000233220200013 PM 17193420 ER PT J AU Wang, KH Inman, DJ Farrar, CR AF Wang, KH Inman, DJ Farrar, CR TI Crack-induced changes in divergence and flutter of cantilevered composite panels SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE crack; composite panel; flutter; divergence ID VIBRATION; PLATES; BEAM AB The aeroelastic characteristics of a cantilevered composite panel of large aspect ratio and with an edge crack are investigated. The panel consists of several fiber-reinforced composite plies, and is modeled with a one-dimensional beam vibrating in coupled bending and torsion. The fundamental mode shapes of the cracked cantilever are used to study the interaction between a crack and aerodynamic characteristics by employing Galerkin's method. Variation of the divergence/flutter speed with respect to the crack ratio, its location as well as the fiber angle is investigated. The divergence/flutter speed is more sensitive to the bending-torsion coupling parameter than to the presence of the crack. The crack may or may not reduce the divergence/flutter speed, depending on the fiber orientation. The qualitative analysis may help the development of an online prognosis tool for an aircraft with large aspect-ratio unswept composite wings. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, KH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kawang@vt.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1177/1475921705057977 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 991ZF UT WOS:000233852800005 ER PT J AU Sawaya, MR Zhu, ZY Mersha, F Chan, SH Dabur, R Xu, SY Balendiran, GK AF Sawaya, MR Zhu, ZY Mersha, F Chan, SH Dabur, R Xu, SY Balendiran, GK TI Crystal structure of the restriction-modification system control element C.Bcll and mapping of its binding site SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; REGULATORY PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; REPRESSOR; GENE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ENDONUCLEASE; LAMBDA AB Protection from DNA invasion is afforded by restriction-modification systems in many bacteria. The efficiency of protection depends crucially on the relative expression levels of restriction versus methytransferase genes. This regulation is provided by a controller protein, named C protein. Studies of the BcII system in E. coli suggest that C.BcII functions as a negative regulator for M.BcII expression, implying that it plays a role in defense against foreign DNA during virus infection. C.BcII binds (K-d = 14.3 nM) to a 2-fold symmetric C box DNA sequence that overlaps with the putative -35 promoter region upstream of the bcIIM and bcIIC genes. The C.BcII fold comprises five alpha helices: two helices form a helix-turn-helix motif, and the remaining three helices form the extensive dimer interface. The C.BcII-DNA model proposed suggests that DNA bending might play an important role in gene regulation, and that Glu27 and Asp31 in C.BcII might function critically in the regulation. C1 Beckman Res Inst, Div Immunol, Duarte, CA 91006 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. RP Xu, SY (reprint author), Beckman Res Inst, Div Immunol, 1450 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91006 USA. EM xus@neb.com; gbalendiran@coh.org OI Dabur, Rajesh/0000-0001-7189-5188; Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1837 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.str.2005.08.017 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 997ZF UT WOS:000234286900014 PM 16338412 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Thieme, CLH Xie, YY Selvamanickam, V Feenstra, R AF Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Thieme, CLH Xie, YY Selvamanickam, V Feenstra, R TI Reversible axial-strain effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Mechano-Electromagnetic Properties of Composite Superconductors CY JUL 17-20, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MULTIFILAMENTARY SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCALING LAW; DEPOSITION; FILMS; WIRES AB The recently discovered reversible strain effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) coated conductors contrasts with the general understanding that the effect of strain on the critical-current density J(c) in practical high-temperature superconductors is determined only by crack formation in the ceramic component. Instead of having a constant Jc as a function of strain before an irreversible drop when cracks form in the superconductor, J(c) in YBCO coated conductors can decrease or increase reversibly with strain over a significant strain range up to an irreversible strain limit. This reversible effect is present in samples fabricated either with rolling-assisted biaxially textured Ni-W substrates or with ion-beam-assisted deposition on Hastalloy substrates. The reversibility of J(c) with strain is observed for thin as well as thick YBCO films, and at two very different temperatures (76 and 4 K). The reversible effect is dependent on temperature and magnetic field, thus indicatine, its intrinsic nature. We also report an enhancement of the irreversible strain limit epsilon(irr) where the reversible strain effect ends and YBCO cracking starts. The value of epsilon(irr) increases from about 0.4% to more than 0.5% when YBCO coated conductors are fabricated with an additional Cu protection layer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP S319 EP S324 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/12/016 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 995KN UT WOS:000234099300017 ER PT J AU Zhu, BL Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC West, MJ AF Zhu, BL Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC West, MJ TI Synthesis of 2,2 ',3,3 '-tetramethyl- and 2,2 ',3,3 '-tetra-tert-butylfulvalene: Attractive platforms for dinuclear transition metal fragments, as exemplified by (eta(5):eta(5)-2,2 ',3,3 '-t-Bu4C10H4)M-2(CO)n (M = Fe, Ru, Os, Mo) and first X-ray crystal structures of fulvalene diiron and diosmium complexes SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE pentafulvalene; fulvalene complexes; isomerizations; photochemistry; transition metals ID TETRA-TERT-BUTYLPENTAFULVALENE; AB-INITIO; MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES; CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; BOND; DERIVATIVES; IRON; CYCLOPENTADIENYL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB 2,2',3.3'-Tetramrthylfulvalene (4) and 2 2',3,3'-tetra-tert-butylfulvalene (7) were synthesized by two different routes. The potential of these systems to function as ligands to transition metals was explored with the more readily made 7, resulting in the preparation of the dinuclear complexes (eta(5):eta(5)-t-Bu4C10H4M2(CO)(4) (M = Fe. Ru, Os, 8-10) and (eta(5):eta(5)-t-Bu4C10H4)Mo-2(CO)(6) (11). The molecular structures of complexes 8 and 10 were determined by Xray diffraction. Complexes 9 and 10 rearranged on irradiation to their (mu(2)-eta(1):eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl)(2)M-2(CO)(4) isomers 12 and 13, respectively. thermally reversible for 12, while 8 was photoinert. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD DEC 1 PY 2005 IS 19 BP 3373 EP 3379 DI 10.1055/s-2005-918438 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 990YT UT WOS:000233780000034 ER PT J AU Gourley, PL Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, RG Barrett, KE Gourley, CR Singh, KK Naviaux, RK AF Gourley, PL Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Copeland, RG Barrett, KE Gourley, CR Singh, KK Naviaux, RK TI Mitochondrial correlation microscopy and nanolaser spectroscopy - New tools for biophotonic detection of cancer in single cells SO TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT LA English DT Article ID DNA MUTATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; IN-SITU; METABOLISM; APOPTOSIS; TUMORS; RHODAMINE-123 AB Currently, pathologists rely on labor-intensive microscopic examination of tumor cells using century-old staining methods that can give false readings. Emerging BioMicroNano-technologies have the potential to provide accurate, realtime, high-throughput screening of tumor cells without the need for time-consuming sample preparation. These rapid, nano-optical techniques may play an important role in advancing early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. In this report, we show that laser scanning confocal microscopy can be used to identify a previously unknown property of certain cancer cells that distinguishes them, with single-cell resolution, from closely related normal cells. This property is the correlation of light scattering and the spatial organization of mitochondria. In normal liver cells, mitochondria are highly organized within the cytoplasm and highly scattering, yielding a highly correlated signal. In cancer cells, mitochondria are more chaotically organized and poorly scattering. These differences correlate with important bioenergetic disturbances that are hallmarks of many types of cancer. In addition, we review recent work that exploits the new technology of nanolaser spectroscopy using the biocavity laser to characterize the unique spectral signatures of normal and transformed cells. These optical methods represent powerful new tools that hold promise for detecting cancer at an early stage and may help to limit delays in diagnosis and treatment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 8331, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Genet, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mitochondrial & Metab Dis Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mitochondrial & Metab Dis Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 8331, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pigourl@sandia.gov FU PHS HHS [R01-097714] NR 66 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 1533-0346 J9 TECHNOL CANCER RES T JI Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 001QD UT WOS:000234550500002 PM 16292878 ER PT J AU Flemming, J AF Flemming, J TI Microdevices promise painless and rapid blood testing SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT News Item C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Flemming, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jhflemm@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 624 EP 624 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 011PF UT WOS:000235279900003 ER PT J AU Casey, OM Morris, DG Powell, R Sreenan, JM Fitzpatrick, R AF Casey, OM Morris, DG Powell, R Sreenan, JM Fitzpatrick, R TI Analysis of gene expression in non-regressed and regressed bovine corpus luteum tissue using a customized ovarian cDNA array SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine (Bos taurus); Corpus luteum; luteolysis; cDNA array; Northern blots ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; 3-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; INDUCED LUTEOLYSIS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; APOPTOSIS; CLUSTERIN AB The lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum (CL) is an important factor in the control of normal ovarian cyclicity and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. There is increasing evidence that CL lifespan is regulated by alternative expression of genes that promote or inhibit lutcolysis. To gain further insights into these events a 434 character ovarian cDNA array comprising genes attributed to key aspects of CL function including more than 100 anonymous expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was constructed and screened with alpha(33)P dATP labeled RNA isolated from non-regressed (n = 6) and regressed (n = 6) CL tissue. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) identified 15 genes that changed expression 1.7-fold or more with a false discovery rate of < 5%. The differentially expressed genes encoded enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis and oxygen radical metabolism and proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, apoptosis and cell structure. Results for five of the differentially expressed genes including matrix gla protein and collagen alpha 1(I) (extracellular matrix), glutathione-S-transferase alpha I (oxygen metabolism), clusterin (apoptosis) and scavenger receptor BI (steroid biosynthesis) were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and found to be significantly different (P < 0.01) between non-regressed and regressed CL tissue. Collectively this study identified genes with recognized roles in CL regression, genes with potential roles in this process and genes whose function have yet to be defined in this event. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Anim Reprod Dept, Agr & Food Dev Author, Athenry, Galway, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. RP Fitzpatrick, R (reprint author), TEAGASC, Anim Reprod Dept, Agr & Food Dev Author, Athenry, Galway, Ireland. EM rfitzpatrick@athenry.teagase.ie NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1963 EP 1976 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.015 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 991SV UT WOS:000233834900008 PM 15953631 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Xie, J Wang, H Li, Y Chavez, C Lee, SY Foltyn, SR Crooker, SA Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM Jia, QX AF Lin, Y Xie, J Wang, H Li, Y Chavez, C Lee, SY Foltyn, SR Crooker, SA Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM Jia, QX TI Green luminescent zinc oxide films prepared by polymer-assisted deposition with rapid thermal process SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE polymer-assisted deposition; annealing; ZnO; photoluminescence ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; DISPLAY AB Highly c-axis-oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) films with nano-size grains were successfully prepared on sapphire (0001) substrates by polymer-assisted deposition, where the crystallization of the ZnO was realized by a rapid thermal process (RTP). Post-processing conditions played critical roles in the structure, surface morphology, and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films. The post-thermal treatment by RTP enhances the green PL of the ZnO films. Oxygen vacancies induced by the RTP may be related to the green PL from undoped ZnO. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ylin@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 492 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.06.060 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 974LD UT WOS:000232592100018 ER PT J AU Zhou, QL Bear, J Bensabat, J AF Zhou, QL Bear, J Bensabat, J TI Saltwater upconing and decay beneath a well pumping above an interface zone SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE seawater intrusion; saltwater upcoming; brine; density-dependent flow; particle tracking ID POROUS-MEDIUM; FLOW; DISPERSION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM; AQUIFERS; MEDIA AB Saltwater, or brine, underlies freshwater in many aquifers, with a transition zone separating them. Pumping freshwater by a well located above the transition zone produces upconing of the latter, eventually salinizing the pumped water, forcing shut-off. Following the well's shut-off, the upconed saltwater mound undergoes decay, tending to return to the pre-pumping regime. The FEAS code is used for the simulation of coupled density-dependent flow and salt transport involved in the upconing-decay process. In this code, the flow equation is solved by the Galerkin finite element method (FEM), while the advective-dispersive salt transport equation is solved in the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. The code does not suffer from the instability constraint on the Peclet number. The code is used to investigate the transient upconing-decay process in an axially symmetric system and to discover how the process is affected by two major factors: the density difference factor (DDF) and the dispersivities. Simulation results show that under certain conditions, pumping essentially freshwater can be maintained for a certain time period, the length of which depends on the dispersivity values used. A recirculating flow cell may occur in the saltwater layer beneath the pumping well, widening the saltwater mound. The decay process is lengthy; it takes a long time for the upconed saltwater to migrate back to its original shape of a horizontal transition zone prior to pumping. However, the wider transition zone caused by hydrodynamic dispersion can never return to the initial one. This indicates that once a pumping well is abandoned because of high salinity, it can be reused for groundwater utilization only after a long time. It is also shown that the upconing-decay process is very sensitive to DDF, which, in our work, ranges from 0 (for an ideal tracer) to 0.2 (for brine). For a DDF of 0.025 (for seawater), local upconing occurs only for low iso-salinity surfaces, while those of high salt concentration remain stable after a short time. For an ideal tracer, all iso-salinity surfaces rise toward the pumping well, whereas for brine only iso-salinity surfaces of very low salinity upcone towards the pumping well. This may imply that the traditional finding that the sharp interface approximation is practically close to the 0.5 iso-salinity surface may not be true for a high DDF solution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Haifa, Israel. Environm & Water Resources Engn Inc, IL-31067 Haifa, Israel. RP Zhou, QL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qlzhou@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Quanlin/B-2455-2009 OI Zhou, Quanlin/0000-0001-6780-7536 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 337 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s11242-005-0261-4 PG 27 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 935SI UT WOS:000229803300006 ER PT J AU Gao, F Erdemir, A Tysoe, WT AF Gao, F Erdemir, A Tysoe, WT TI The tribological properties of low-friction hydrogenated diamond-like carbon measured in ultrahigh vacuum SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon (DLC); friction coefficient; hydrogen; water; ultrahigh vacuum ID SUPERLOW-FRICTION; WEAR PROPERTIES; FILMS; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; PRESSURE; DLC AB In this paper, we investigate the sliding friction and wear behavior of a hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) film in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and under partial pressures of water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. The initial friction coefficient of the film in UHV was similar to 0.15, but decreased steadily to values as low as 0.03 after about 30 sliding passes. During longer duration tests, the friction coefficient increased again to values as high as similar to 0.15 and such an increase in friction coincided with hydrogen desorption from the contacting surfaces (as detected by a mass spectrometer). Heating DLC to temperatures higher than 360 K also caused desorption of hydrogen and a resulting marked increase in friction. The presence of molecular nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen in the test chamber did not have any noticeable effect on friction, but the presence of thermally dissociated or ionized hydrogen within the close proximity of sliding surfaces had a beneficial effect by restoring the low friction behavior of the DLC films. The introduction of water vapor into test chamber had an adverse effect on friction. The results of this study confirm that hydrogen is key to low friction behavior of hydrogenated DLC films and that the presence of water molecules has an adverse effect on their friction behavior. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Surface Studies Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tysoe, WT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM wtt@uwm.edu NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-8549-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 994IX UT WOS:000234026200004 ER PT J AU Ramasse, QM Bleloch, AL AF Ramasse, QM Bleloch, AL TI Diagnosis of aberrations from crystalline samples in scanning transmission electron microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE scanning transmission electron microscopy; aberration correction; Ronchigrams; image analysis; superSTEM ID HIGH-RESOLUTION TEM; STEM INSTRUMENT; DIFFRACTION; BEAMS AB The Ronchigrams, or shadow images, observed from a thin crystalline sample in a scanning transmission electron microscope characteristically present many sets of fringes, which appear thanks to the coherent interference between the various Bragg-diffracted discs as they overlap in the diffraction plane. A particular region of such patterns can be shown to be independent of the defocus at which they are recorded. The intensity along this so-called achromatic ring depends on the microscope aberrations and can be used to diagnose the wave aberration coefficients, a crucial first step in the operation of an aberration-corrected microscope. A new algorithm is presented that allows the accurate determination of all non-cylindrically symmetric aberrations up to fourth-order from a crystalline sample using this property of the Ronchigram. An experimental procedure for determining the position of and intensity along the achromatic lines, as well as examples of diagnosis from two different crystalline structures, are detailed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Microstruct Phys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Daresbury Lab, UK SuperSTEM Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Ramasse, QM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. EM quentin.ramasse@centraliens.net; ab122@cam.ac.uk RI Bleloch, Andrew/A-1350-2009 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2005 VL 106 IS 1 BP 37 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.06.007 PG 20 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 986TE UT WOS:000233471800004 PM 16055270 ER PT J AU Max, N AF Max, N TI Progress in scientific visualization SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article DE molecular visualization; volume visualization; flow visualization ID REPRESENTATION; COMPUTER; SURFACES AB This paper surveys recent work in the visualization of molecules, scalar fields, and vector fields. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Max, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-560, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM max2@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 979 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s00371-005-0361-8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 996AB UT WOS:000234145700004 ER PT J AU Ghezzehei, TA Or, D AF Ghezzehei, TA Or, D TI Liquid fragmentation and intermittent flow regimes in unsaturated fractured media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID-FLOW; WATER; ROCK; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; ZONES AB [1] Flow processes in unsaturated fractures considerably differ from flow in rock matrix because of the dominance of gravitational forces, accentuated by variations in fracture geometry. This gives rise to liquid fragmentation, fingering, and intermittent flow regimes that are not amenable to standard continuum representation. We develop an alternative modeling framework to describe the onset of liquid fragmentation and subsequent flow behavior of discrete liquid clusters. The transition from a slowly growing anchored liquid element to a finger-forming mobile liquid element is estimated from the force balance between retarding capillary forces dominated by contact angle hysteresis and suspended liquid weight. A model for liquid fragmentation within the fracture plane ( smooth and parallel walled fractures) for given a steady input flux and aperture size is developed and tested. Predictions of sizes and detachment intervals of liquid elements are in good agreement with experimental results. The results show that the mass of detached liquid element is only weakly related to flow rate but increases with fracture aperture size. Periodic discharge similar to that experimentally observed is a result of the interplay between capillary, viscous, and gravitational forces. We show that the presence of even a few irregularities in a fracture plane may induce complicated flux patterns downstream. Similar erratic fluxes are observed in studies involving gravity-driven unsaturated flow. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Ghezzehei, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90R1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM taghezzehei@lbl.gov; dani.or@epfl.ch RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011; Or, Dani/D-8768-2012 OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212; Or, Dani/0000-0002-3236-2933 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 AR W12406 DI 10.1029/2004WR003834 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 993PB UT WOS:000233964900003 ER PT J AU Roper, JR Burley, T AF Roper, JR Burley, T TI Finite element modeling of complex welded structures SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Roper Engn Inc, Denver, CO USA. US DOE, Western Area Power Adm, Golden, CO USA. RP Roper, JR (reprint author), Roper Engn Inc, Denver, CO USA. EM engineering1@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 84 IS 12 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 990IC UT WOS:000233735400008 ER PT J AU Depkin, EC Estep, LK Bryan, AL Eldridge, CS Brisbin, IL AF Depkin, EC Estep, LK Bryan, AL Eldridge, CS Brisbin, IL TI Comparison of Wood Stork foraging success and behavior in selected tidal and non-tidal habitats SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MYCTERIA-AMERICANA; ABUNDANCE; GEORGIA; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; CREEK; FOOD AB In 1999, we compared foraging success rates (captures/min) and foraging behaviors of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) at tidal (Georgia) and non-tidal freshwater (South Carolina) foraging sites. Foraging success rates were 30 times greater at the tidal site, but storks foraging in tidal areas only fed at low tide, which limited their foraging time at that site. On-site behaviors indicated the window of prey availability. Storks at the tidal site engaged almost exclusively in foraging behaviors, whereas storks at the non-tidal site devoted more time to other, non-foraging behaviors (e.g., preening, resting). The greater foraging success rate associated with the tidal site suggests that salt marsh/tidal creek habitats are high-quality foraging areas. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM bryan@srel.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1676/04-131.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 995MI UT WOS:000234104000008 ER PT J AU Ngu, AHH Rocco, D Critchlow, T Buttler, D AF Ngu, AHH Rocco, D Critchlow, T Buttler, D TI Automatic discovery and inferencing of complex bioinformatics Web interfaces SO WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The World Wide Web provides a vast resource to genomics researchers, with Web-based access to distributed data sources such as BLAST sequence homology search interfaces. However, finding the desired scientific information can still be very tedious and frustrating. While there are several known servers on genomic data (e.g., GeneBank, EMBL, NCBI) that are shared and accessed frequently, new data sources are created each day in laboratories all over the world. Sharing these new genomics results is hindered by the lack of a common interface or data exchange mechanism. Moreover, the number of autonomous genomics sources and their rate of change outpace the speed at which they can be manually identified, meaning that the available data is not being utilized to its full potential. An automated system that can find, classify, describe, and wrap new sources without tedious and low-level coding of source-specific wrappers is needed to assist scientists in accessing hundreds of dynamically changing bioinformatics Web data sources through a single interface. A correct classification of any kind of Web data source must address both the capability of the source and the conversation/interaction semantics inherent in the design of the data source. We propose a service class description (SCD)-a meta-data approach for classifying Web data sources that takes into account both the capability and the conversational semantics of the source. The ability to discover the interaction pattern of a Web source leads to increased accuracy in the classification process. Our results show that an SCD-based approach successfully classifies two thirds of BLAST sites with 100% accuracy and two thirds of bioinformatics keyword search sites with around 80% precision. C1 Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Univ W Georgia, Dept Comp Sci, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ngu, AHH (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM hn12@txstate.edu; drocco@westga.edu; critchlowl@llnl.gov; buttler1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-145X J9 WORLD WIDE WEB JI World Wide Web PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 463 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s11280-005-0509-5 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 996WK UT WOS:000234206000006 ER PT J AU Mayer, KM McCorkle, SR Shanklin, J AF Mayer, KM McCorkle, SR Shanklin, J TI Linking enzyme sequence to function using conserved property difference locator to identify and annotate positions likely to control specific functionality SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER PROTEIN THIOESTERASE; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; D-GLUTAMATE LIGASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; L-ALANINE; ACID; ALIGNMENT; PREDICTION AB Background: Families of homologous enzymes evolved from common progenitors. The availability of multiple sequences representing each activity presents an opportunity for extracting information specifying the functionality of individual homologs. We present a straightforward method for the identification of residues likely to determine class specific functionality in which multiple sequence alignments are converted to an annotated graphical form by the Conserved Property Difference Locator ( CPDL) program. Results: Three test cases, each comprised of two groups of funtionally-distinct homologs, are presented. Of the test cases, one is a membrane and two are soluble enzyme families. The desaturase/hydroxylase data was used to design and test the CPDL algorithm because a comparative sequence approach had been successfully applied to manipulate the specificity of these enzymes. The other two cases, ATP/GTP cyclases, and MurD/MurE synthases were chosen because they are well characterized structurally and biochemically. For the desaturase/hydroxylase enzymes, the ATP/GTP cyclases and the MurD/MurE synthases, groups of 8 ( of similar to 400), 4 ( of similar to 150) and 10 ( of > 400) residues, respectively, of interest were identified that contain empirically defined specificity determining positions. Conclusion: CPDL consistently identifies positions near enzyme active sites that include those predicted from structural and/or biochemical studies to be important for specificity and/or function. This suggests that CPDL will have broad utility for the identification of potential class determining residues based on multiple sequence analysis of groups of homologous proteins. Because the method is sequence, rather than structure, based it is equally well suited for designing structure-function experiments to investigate membrane and soluble proteins. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mayerk@uncw.edu; mccorkle@bnl.gov; shanklin@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 284 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-6-284 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 001YW UT WOS:000234579600001 PM 16318626 ER PT J AU Dartevelle, S Valentine, GA AF Dartevelle, S Valentine, GA TI Early-time multiphase interactions between basaltic magma and underground openings at the proposed Yucca Mountain radioactive waste repository SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRATER FLAT; NEVADA; HAWAIITE; USA AB We investigate the interaction between Yucca Mountain repository drifts (horizontal emplacement tunnels) and a hawaiitic magma in three scenarios: (1) a single feeder dike that extends above an intersected drift; (2) same as 1 but with an additional secondary dike extending upward from the drift; (3) same as 1 with the drift initially filled with pyroclasts and gas under high pressure which is then decompressed as might happen if some blockage is rapidly removed in the volcanic system above the drift. Our results indicate that the drift is likely to experience dynamic pressure waves from expansion of rising magma and subsequent pyroclastic flows, with a maximum possible dynamic pressure of similar to 10(7) Pa. A secondary dike above the drift has negligible effects upon the flow dynamics. In the third scenario, particles settle fairly quickly along the floor of the drift, suggesting that a swift decompression within the drift will not be able to remove all the magmatic materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dartevelle, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, EES-11,MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdart@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22311 DI 10.1029/2005GL024172 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 993EG UT WOS:000233935600007 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Maurice, S Nelli, S Elphic, R Funsten, HO Gasnault, O Lawrence, DJ Murphy, JR Tokar, RL Vaniman, DT AF Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Maurice, S Nelli, S Elphic, R Funsten, HO Gasnault, O Lawrence, DJ Murphy, JR Tokar, RL Vaniman, DT TI Topographic control of hydrogen deposits at low latitudes to midlatitudes of Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SURFACE GROUND ICE; MARTIAN SURFACE; NEAR-SURFACE; ORBITER CAMERA; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; STABILITY AB [1] Correlations between the longitudinal wave number two distribution of water-equivalent hydrogen (WEH) at low latitudes to midlatitudes of Mars with variations in topography, surface albedo, thermal inertia, regional dust storms, and atmospheric water vapor are explored to provide guidance in determining the mechanisms that recharge or maintain these WEH reservoirs. The closest match is with low thermal inertia coupled with orographic control of the present-day atmospheric circulation dynamics. The engine for the simulated longitudinal two-wave pattern ( maxima in Arabia and Tharsis) is relatively cold nighttime surface temperatures and large-amplitude temperature inversions that concentrate water ice over these regions. Geologically recent precipitated water ice, by itself, is insufficient to account for the observed distribution of WEH. Retention of precipitate by hydratable minerals is necessary. While current research cannot presently identify the hydration mechanism for the WEH distribution ( whether it be from a past obliquity, present climate conditions, or some convolution of both), this research suggests that current climatic conditions can sustain, if not emplace, the observed longitudinally constrained distribution of equatorial WEH. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31400 Toulouse, France. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wfeldman@lanl.gov RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 65 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS E11 AR E11009 DI 10.1029/2005JE002452 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 993OJ UT WOS:000233963100002 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Gorbunova, MG AF Custelcean, R Gorbunova, MG TI A metal-organic framework functionalized with free carboxylic acid sites and its selective binding of a Cl(H2O)(4)(-) cluster SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CATALYSIS; DESIGN; NETWORKS; SOLIDS; SQUARE; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; STORAGE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972 NR 32 TC 175 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 47 BP 16362 EP 16363 DI 10.1021/ja055528o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 988RH UT WOS:000233617900011 PM 16305200 ER PT J AU Chen, JP Deur, A Meziani, ZE AF Chen, JP Deur, A Meziani, ZE TI Sum rules and moments of the nucleon spin structure functions SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE nucleon; spin; sum rule; moment; QCD; higher twist; Jefferson Lab ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DEPENDENT STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(2); PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; PROTON-SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS AB The nucleon has been used as a laboratory to investigate its own spin structure and quantum chromodynamics. New experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers combined with existing high momentum transfer data offer a comprehensive picture of the transition region from the confinement regime of the theory to its asymptotic freedom regime. Insight for some aspects of the theory is gained by exploring lower moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e. the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, Bjorken and Burkhardt-Cottingham). These moments are expressed in terms of an operator-product expansion using quark and gluon degrees of freedom at moderately large momentum transfers. The sum rules are verified to good accuracy assuming that no singular behavior of the structure functions is present at very high excitation energies. The higher-twist contributions have been examined through the moments evolution as the momentum transfer varies from higher to lower values. Furthermore, QCD-inspired low-energy effective theories, which explicitly include chiral symmetry breaking, are tested at low momentum transfers. The validity of these theories is further examined as the momentum transfer increases to moderate values. It is found that chiral perturbation calculations agree reasonably well with the first moment of the spin structure function g(1) at momentum transfer of 0.1 GeV2 but fail to reproduce the neutron data in the case of the generalized polarizability delta(LT). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM jpchen@jlab.org NR 83 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 EI 1793-6632 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 36 BP 2745 EP 2765 DI 10.1142/S021773230501875X PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 987NX UT WOS:000233525700001 ER PT J AU Dutta, S George, E Glimm, J Grove, JW Jin, H Lee, T Li, X Sharp, DH Ye, K Yu, Y Zhang, Y Zhao, M AF Dutta, S George, E Glimm, J Grove, JW Jin, H Lee, T Li, X Sharp, DH Ye, K Yu, Y Zhang, Y Zhao, M TI Shock wave interactions in spherical and perturbed spherical geometries SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts CY JUN 30-JUL 07, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE shock wave; spherical geometry; instability; error analysis; mixing ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; FRONT TRACKING; MODEL; SIMULATION; GROWTH; RATES AB The interaction of shock waves with spherical and perturbed spherical layers provides an interesting and important class of problems. We present recent results for these and related planar geometry problems. We address the following issues: 1. The accuracy of different numerical solution methods. 2. The magnitude of numerical solution errors and their causes. 3. The development of the instabilities. 4. Reduced descriptions for chaotic flows. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Glimm, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM glimm@ams.sunysb.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-7 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.1016/j.na.2004.10.002 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 996CO UT WOS:000234152200002 ER PT J AU Lenhart, S Protopopescu, V Jung, E Babbs, C AF Lenhart, Suzanne Protopopescu, Vladimir Jung, Eunok Babbs, Charles TI Optimal control for a standard CPR model SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Difference equation; Optimal control AB Optimal control techniques are applied here for the first time to a validated blood circulation model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), consisting of a system of seven difference equations. In this system, the non-homogeneous forcing term is the externally applied chest pressure acting as the "control". The optimal control technique seeks to maximize the blood flow as measured by the pressure differences between the thoracic aorta and the right head superior vena cava. As a result, we provide a new CPR strategy, with increased blood flow. The optimal control is characterized in terms of the solutions of the circulation model and of the corresponding adjoint system. The calculated optimal control gives the pattern of the external pressure to be applied on the chest to obtain optimal blood flow and higher resuscitation rates. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lenhart, Suzanne] Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Protopopescu, Vladimir] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jung, Eunok] Konkuk Univ, Dept Math, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Babbs, Charles] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lenhart, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lenhart@math.utk.edu FU ORNL; Division of Material Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was partially supported by an ORNL seed money grant. We also acknowledge partial support of S.L. and V.P. by the Division of Material Sciences of the US Department of Energy, under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X EI 1873-5215 J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-7 BP E1391 EP E1397 DI 10.1016/j.na.2005.02.023 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V20NX UT WOS:000208147800139 ER PT J AU Zhang, YM Drake, RP Glimm, J Grove, JW Sharp, DH AF Zhang, Yongmin Drake, R. Paul Glimm, James Grove, John W. Sharp, David H. TI Radiation-coupled front-tracking simulations for laser-driven shock experiments SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Front tracking; Radiation coupling; Preheat motion AB The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical algorithm to track the preheat interface motion driven by radiation transfer in high-intensity laser experiments. Our front-tracking algorithm is coupled to a radiation process through an inter-package coupling by connecting the output from a radhydro code HYADES to the input of FronTier code of front tracking. Our coupled algorithm is validated by comparing simulation results from both codes in both low and high radiation cases. Significant interface motion and deformation of the harmonic perturbation due to radiation preheat are observed in high radiation heat case. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yongmin; Glimm, James] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Drake, R. Paul] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Glimm, James] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Grove, John W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Continuum Dynam Grp, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sharp, David H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Complex Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, YM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. EM yzhang@ams.sunysb.edu; rpdrake@umich.edu; glimm@ams.sunysb.edu; jgrove@lanl.gov; dhs@lanl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 FU USDOE [DE-FG03-99DP00284, DE-FG03-00SF22021, DE-FG03-98DP00206, DE-AC02-98CH10886, W-7405-ENG-36]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [26730001014L]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0102480]; Army Research Office [DAAG19-0110642] FX This work has been supported by the following research grants. R. P. Drake was supported by the USDOE under Grants DE-FG03-99DP00284 and DE-FG03-00SF22021. J. Glimm was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number 26730001014L, the US Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG03-98DP00206, DE-AC02-98CH10886, and W-7405-ENG-36, the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0102480, the Army Research Office Grant DAAG19-0110642. J. W. Grove and D. H. Sharp were supported by the US Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-7 BP E1635 EP E1644 DI 10.1016/j.na.2005.01.056 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V20NX UT WOS:000208147800162 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Sakai, T AF Ronnebro, E Yin, JT Kitano, A Wada, M Sakai, T TI Comparative studies of mechanical and electrochemical lithiation of intermetallic nanocomposite alloys for anode materials in Li-ion batteries SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical alloying; diffusion; structures; intermetallic compounds; nanocomposite ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SN; AG; ELECTRODE; LI4.4SN AB Intermetallic composite compounds, i.e. Ag52Sn48, Ag36.4Sb15.6Sn48 and Ag36.4Fe15.6Sn48, were lithiated by mechanical grinding in order to compare with electrochemical lithiation of corresponding nanocomposite alloy with respect to lithium diffusion between active host materials. The structures were analyzed with synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction using the Rietveld method. The composite materials consist of Ag3Sn and Sri and in the case of adding Sb also SbSn. The alloys and the lithiated compounds have a strong crystallographic relation; the metal atoms form a more or less cubic closed-packed three-dimensional network with interstitial sites available for the Li atoms. Upon lithiation, the binary alloys form compounds with partial compositions, i.e. Ag2-xLi1+xSn and Li2+xSn1-xSb. The similar lithium diffusion mechanisms for mechanical and electrochemical lithiation and how it can be useful in designing new intermetallic composite alloys for Li-ion batteries were high-lighted. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Kansai Ctr, Ikeda, Osaka 5638577, Japan. JASRI, SPring 8, Mikazuki, Sayo Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Fukuda Met Foil & Powder Co Ltd, Yamashima Ku, Kyoto 6078305, Japan. RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS-9403, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ecronne@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 176 IS 37-38 BP 2749 EP 2757 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2005.08.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 988PC UT WOS:000233612100009 ER PT J AU Chen, ZW Zhao, GH Martinovic, S Jorns, MS Mathews, FS AF Chen, ZW Zhao, GH Martinovic, S Jorns, MS Mathews, FS TI Structure of the sodium borohydride-reduced N-(cyclopropyl)glycine adduct of the flavoenzyme monomeric sarcosine oxidase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-METHYLTRYPTOPHAN OXIDASE; FREE R-VALUE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; INACTIVATION; MODELS; ENZYME; CYCLOPROPYLAMINES; REARRANGEMENT; INHIBITION; CATALYSIS AB Monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) is a flavoprotein that contains covalently bound FAD [8a-(S-cysteinyl)FAD] and catalyzes the oxidation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) and other secondary amino acids, such as L-proline. Our previous studies showed that N-(cyclopropyl)glycine (CPG) acts as a mechanism-based inactivator of MSOX [Zhao, G., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 14341-14347]. The reaction results in the formation of a modified reduced flavin that can be further reduced and stabilized by treatment with sodium borohydride. The borohydride-reduced CPG-modified enzyme exhibits a mass increase of 63 +/- 2 Da as compared with native MSOX. The crystal structure of the modified enzyme, solved at 1.85 angstrom resolution, shows that FAD is the only site of modification. The modified FAD contains a fused five-membered ring, linking the C(4a) and N(5) atoms of the flavin ring, with an additional oxygen atom bound to the carbon atom attached to N(5) and a tetrahedral carbon atom at flavin C(4) with a hydroxyl group attached to C(4). On the basis of the crystal structure of the borohydride-stabilized adduct, we conclude that the labile CPG-modified flavin is a 4a,5-dihydroflavin derivative with a substituent derived from the cleavage of the cyclopropyl ring in CPG. The results are consistent with CPG-mediated inactivation in a reaction initiated by single electron transfer from the amine function in CPG to FAD in MSOX, followed by collapse of the radical pair to yield a covalently modified 4a,5-dihydroflavin. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mathews, FS (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. EM marilyn.jorns@drexelmed.edu; mathews@biochem.wustl.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31704] NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 47 BP 15444 EP 15450 DI 10.1021/bi0515422 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 987KI UT WOS:000233516400004 PM 16300392 ER PT J AU Murphy, AR Chang, PC VanDyke, P Liu, JS Frechet, JMJ Subramanian, V DeLongchamp, DM Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Lin, EK AF Murphy, AR Chang, PC VanDyke, P Liu, JS Frechet, JMJ Subramanian, V DeLongchamp, DM Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Lin, EK TI Self-assembly, molecular ordering, and charge mobility in solution-processed ultrathin oligothiophene films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEMICONDUCTORS; CHANNEL ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; THIOPHENE OLIGOMERS; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PENTACENE PRECURSOR; STRUCTURAL ORDER; CARRIER MOBILITY AB Symmetrical alpha,omega-substituted quarter-(T4), penta-(T5), sexi-(T6), and heptathiophene (T7) oligomers containing thermally removable aliphatic ester solubilizing groups were synthesized, and their UV-vis and thermal characteristics were compared. Spun-cast thin films of each oligomer were examined with atomic force microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to evaluate the ability of the material to self-assemble from a solution-based process while maintaining complete surface coverage. Films of the T5-T7 oligomers self-assemble into crystalline terraces after thermal annealing with higher temperatures required to affect this transformation as the size of the oligomers increases. A symmetrical alpha,omega-substituted sexithiophene (T6-acid) that reveals carboxylic acids after thermolysis was also prepared to evaluate the effect of the presence of hydrogen-bonding moieties. The charge transport properties for these materials evaluated in top-contact thin film transistor devices were found to correlate with the observed morphology of the films. Therefore, the T4 and the T6-acid performed poorly because of incomplete surface coverage after thermolysis, while T5-T7 exhibited much higher performance as a result of molecular ordering. Increases in charge mobility correlated to increasing conjugation length with measured mobilities ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 cm(2)/(V.s). The highest mobilities were measured when films of each oligomer had an average thickness between one and two monolayers, indicating that the molecules become exceptionally well-ordered during the thermolysis process. This unprecedented ordering of the solution-cast molecules results in efficient charge mobility rarely seen in such ultrathin films. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Subramanian, Vivek/K-9818-2016; OI Subramanian, Vivek/0000-0002-1783-8219; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 59 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 24 BP 6033 EP 6041 DI 10.1021/cm0515350 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 987GY UT WOS:000233507600023 ER PT J AU Ji, HN Nonidez, WK Advincula, RC Smith, GD Kilbey, SM Dadmun, MD Mays, JW AF Ji, HN Nonidez, WK Advincula, RC Smith, GD Kilbey, SM Dadmun, MD Mays, JW TI MALDI-TOF MS characterization of carboxyl-end-capped polystyrenes synthesized using anionic polymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYDISPERSE POLYMERS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; SHEAR FORCES AB A comparative study of three strategies used to synthesize well-defined carboxyl-end-capped polystyrenes is reported. Structural characterization was carried out using a combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). For the reaction of polystyryl anions with 4-bromo-1,1,1-trimethoxybutane, in addition to the major product, Bu-PS-CH2CH2CH2COOH, four byproducts were observed. Their mass values suggest the following structures: Bu-PS-H, Bu-PS-CH3, Bu-PS-CH2CH=CH-CHO, and Bu-PS-CH2CH2CH2-CO-PS-Bu. The reaction of polystyryl anions with succinic anhydride generated the targeted compound, Bu-PS-CO-CH2CH2COOH, but also yielded the byproducts Bu-PS-H and dimer Bu-PS-CO-CH2CH2-CO-PS-Bu. Under appropriate conditions, the reaction of carbon dioxide gas with polystyryl anions could yield quantitative carboxyl chain-end-functionalization. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Fuel Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 24 BP 9950 EP 9956 DI 10.1021/ma050816q PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 987NP UT WOS:000233524900009 ER PT J AU Olsen, BD Segalman, RA AF Olsen, BD Segalman, RA TI Structure and thermodynamics of weakly segregated rod-coil block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMER BLENDS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; PHASE; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB The self-assembly of a series of monodisperse rod-coil block copolymers is studied in the weak segregation limit. This unusual weakly segregated system consists of polyisoprene (PI) coil blocks and poly(alkoxyphenylene vinylene) (PPV) rod blocks solubilized with alkoxy side groups. The order to microphase disorder transition (ODT) and nematic isotropic (NI) transition are experimentally investigated to produce a rod-coil block copolymer phase diagram in a system that follows polymeric scaling relationships. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized optical microscopy, depolarized light scattering, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAYS) are used to map the phase diagram. As the symmetric diblock copolymer is heated, a series of transitions from lamellar to nematic to isotropic phases are observed. The NI transition temperature decreases with increasing coil fraction, and at high coil fractions only an isotropic phase is observable. The phase behavior is in qualitative agreement with weak segregation calculations based on Landau expansions reported by other groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals unusual grain structures in the low-temperature lamellar phase. The high bending energy of the rod microdomains results in lamellae with long persistence lengths and grain boundaries defined by broken lamellae. Changes in domain spacing with temperature suggest rod rearrangements within the lamellar phase. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Segalman, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM segalman@berkeley.edu OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103; Olsen, Bradley/0000-0002-7272-7140 NR 60 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 24 BP 10127 EP 10137 DI 10.1021/ma051468v PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 987NP UT WOS:000233524900033 ER PT J AU Kreuzer-Martin, HW Ehleringer, JR Hegg, EL AF Kreuzer-Martin, HW Ehleringer, JR Hegg, EL TI Oxygen isotopes indicate most intracellular water in log-phase Escherichia coli is derived from metabolism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; mass spectrometry; water transport ID LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; SOIL-WATER; HYDROGEN; FRACTIONATION; CHANNELS; CARBON; RATIOS AB The transport of water into and out of unicellular organisms is a seemingly simple process in which water diffuses either through pores or directly across the membrane. Because of the rates at which water can theoretically diffuse, it is generally accepted that intracellular water is indistinguishable from extracellular water. Using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we directly tested this assumption. Here we demonstrate that under active growth, up to 70% of the intracellular water in log-phase Escherichia coli cells was actually generated during metabolism and was isotopically distinct from extracellular water. The contribution of metabolism to intracellular water was substantially less in stationary-phase or quiescent cells. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Stable Isotope Ratio Facil Environm Res, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kreuzer-Martin, HW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 999 Battelle Blvd,P8-08, Richland, WA 99350 USA. EM helen.kreuzer@pnl.gov; hegg@chem.utah.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066236, GM66236] NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 48 BP 17337 EP 17341 DI 10.1073/pnas.0506531102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990RX UT WOS:000233762000015 PM 16301541 ER PT J AU Laurence, TA Kong, XX Jager, M Weiss, S AF Laurence, TA Kong, XX Jager, M Weiss, S TI Probing structural heterogeneities and fluctuations of nucleic acids and denatured proteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conformational dynamics; protein folding; single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy; nucleic acid structure; fluorescence resonance energy transfer ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; ELECTROSTATIC PERSISTENCE LENGTH; ALTERNATING-LASER EXCITATION; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFUSING BIOMOLECULES; POLYELECTROLYTE CHAINS; ORIENTATION FACTOR; BINDING-PROTEIN AB We study protein and nucleic acid structure and dynamics using single-molecule FRET and alternating-laser excitation. Freely diffusing molecules are sorted into subpopulations based on single-molecule signals detected within 100 mu s to 1 ms. Distance distributions caused by fluctuations faster than 100 mu s are studied within these subpopulations by using time-correlated single-photon counting. Measured distance distributions for dsDNA can be accounted for by considering fluorophore linkers and fluorophore rotational diffusion, except that we find smaller fluctuations for internally labeled dsDNA than DNA with one of the fluorophores positioned at a terminal site. We find that the electrostatic portion of the persistence length of short single-stranded poly(dT) varies approximately as the ionic strength (l) to the -1/2 power (l(-1/2)), and that the average contribution to the contour length per base is 0.40-0.45 nm. We study unfolded chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (02) and unfolded acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) even under conditions where folded and unfolded subpopulations coexist (contributions from folded proteins are excluded by using alternating-laser excitation). At lower denaturant concentrations, unfolded C12 and ACBP are more compact and display larger fluctuations than at higher denaturant concentrations where only unfolded proteins are present. The experimentally measured fluctuations are larger than the fluctuations predicted from a Gaussian chain model or a wormlike chain model. We propose that the larger fluctuations may indicate transient residual structure in the unfolded state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Laurence, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM laurence2@llnl.gov; sweiss@chem.ucla.edu RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01-GM65382, R01 GM065382] NR 39 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 48 BP 17348 EP 17353 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508584102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990RX UT WOS:000233762000017 PM 16287971 ER PT J AU Dong, SX Zhai, JY Wang, NG Bai, FM Li, JF Viehland, D Lograsso, TA AF Dong, SX Zhai, JY Wang, NG Bai, FM Li, JF Viehland, D Lograsso, TA TI Fe-Ga/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 magnetoelectric laminate composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE MAGNETOSTRICTION; GA ALLOYS; FE-GA AB We have found large magnetoelectric (ME) effects in long-type laminate composites of Fe-20% Ga magnetostrictive alloys and piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 single crystals. At lower frequencies, the ME voltage coefficient of a laminate with longitudinally magnetized and longitudinally polarized (i.e., L-L mode) layers was 1.41 V/Oe (or 1.01 V/cm Oe). Near the natural resonant frequency (similar to 91 kHz) of the laminate, the ME voltage coefficients were found to be dramatically increased to 50.7 V/Oe (36.2 V/cm Oe) for the L-L mode. In addition, the laminate can detect a minute magnetic field as low as similar to 2 x 10(-12) T at resonance frequency, and similar to 1 x 10(-10) T at lower frequencies. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dong, SX (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sdong@mse.vt.edu RI Dong, Shuxiang/A-9849-2012; Bai, Feiming/K-5762-2013; Zhai, Junyi/K-4162-2014 NR 26 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 22 AR 222504 DI 10.1063/1.2137455 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 986OA UT WOS:000233458400045 ER PT J AU Thompson, DC Alford, TL Mayer, JW Hochbauer, T Nastasi, M Lau, SS Theodore, ND Henttinen, K Suni, I Chu, PK AF Thompson, DC Alford, TL Mayer, JW Hochbauer, T Nastasi, M Lau, SS Theodore, ND Henttinen, K Suni, I Chu, PK TI Microwave-cut silicon layer transfer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI; IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; TECHNOLOGY; GLASS AB Microwave heating is used to initiate exfoliation of silicon layers in conjunction with the ion-cut process for transfer of silicon layers onto insulator or heterogeneous layered substrates. Samples were processed inside a 2.45 GHz, 1300 W cavity applicator microwave system for time durations as low as 12 s. This is a significant decrease in exfoliation incubation times. Sample temperatures measured by pyrometry were within previous published ranges. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy were used to determine layer thickness and crystallinity. Surface quality was measured by using atomic force microscopy. Hall measurements were used to characterize electrical properties as a function of postcut anneal time and temperature. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. VTT Ctr Microelect, Espoo 02044, Finland. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Thompson, DC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM alford@asu.edu RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 22 AR 224103 DI 10.1063/1.2135395 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 986OA UT WOS:000233458400088 ER PT J AU Williams, EL Jabbour, GE Wang, Q Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS Schiff, EA AF Williams, EL Jabbour, GE Wang, Q Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS Schiff, EA TI Conducting polymer and hydrogenated amorphous silicon hybrid solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED SILICON AB An organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell with a p-i-n stack structure has been investigated. The p-layer was a spin coated film of PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate)]. The i-layer was hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), and the n-layer was microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si). The inorganic layers were deposited on top of the organic layer by the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique at 200 degrees C. These hybrid devices exhibited open circuit voltages (V-OC) as large as 0.88 V and solar conversion efficiencies as large as 2.1%. Comparison of these devices with those incorporating a-SiC:H:B p-layers indicates that the organic layer is acting as an electrically ideal p-layer. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Williams, EL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jabbour@asu.edu; qi_wang@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; 赵, 强/H-3090-2011; OI Schiff, Eric/0000-0002-4104-7038 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 22 AR 223504 DI 10.1063/1.2136409 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 986OA UT WOS:000233458400082 ER PT J AU Viehland, LA Goeringer, DE AF Viehland, LA Goeringer, DE TI Moment theory of ion motion in traps and similar devices: I. General theories SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION ANALYSIS; STRONG ELECTRIC-FIELD; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHARGED-PARTICLE SWARMS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; IONIZED RAREFIED-GAS; KINETIC-THEORY; ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS AB This paper extends the momentum-transfer theory of drift tubes to ion traps and similar devices where the electric fields vary with both position and time. The collision frequencies that are incorporated into two-temperature and multi-temperature moment theories are given precise microscopic definitions instead of being treated as adjustable parameters. C1 Chatham Coll, Div Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Viehland, LA (reprint author), Chatham Coll, Div Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. EM viehland@chatham.edu; goeringerde@ornl.gov NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3987 EP 4009 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/22/006 PG 23 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 992IS UT WOS:000233878200007 ER PT J AU Goeringer, DE Viehland, LA AF Goeringer, DE Viehland, LA TI Moment theory of ion motion in traps and similar devices: III. Two-temperature treatment of quadrupole ion traps SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; DOT-RG; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HE-RN; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; FIELDS; GAS AB The two-temperature moment theory of ion motion in devices where the external fields vary with position and time is applied to ideal quadrupole ion traps. In first approximation, the theory gives differential equations with collision frequencies that vary with the effective temperature characterizing the relative kinetic energy of the ion-neutral collisions. Solutions of the set of coupled differential equations provide the ion number density, average velocities, average energy and average temperature as functions of time and of position in the apparatus. That information also enables the effective temperature for the ion ensemble and the position-dependent energy density to be determined as a function of time. Solutions of the coupled equations are discussed for the Maxwell model, rigid spheres and general ion-neutral interactions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chatham Coll, Div Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Goeringer, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goeringerde@ornl.gov; viehland@chatham.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 22 BP 4027 EP 4044 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/22/008 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 992IS UT WOS:000233878200009 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD Dubey, AK El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L Pijll, ECVD Eijndhoven, NV Nieuwenhuizen, GJV Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD Dubey, AK El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Mukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L Pijll, ECVD Eijndhoven, NV Nieuwenhuizen, GJV Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR CA WA98 Collaborat TI Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of collective flow in 158 A GeV Pb+Pb collisions measured via inclusive photons SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions Pb-208(Pb-208, X), E=158 GeV/nucleon; measured inclusive photons direct and elliptic flow vs. centrality; rapidity and transverse momentum; deduced neutral pion flow features ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; OF-PLANE EMISSION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; AU+AU COLLISIONS; AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY; WA98 EXPERIMENT; PB-208+PB-208 COLLISIONS; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; 158-CENTER-DOT-A GEV AB Directed and elliptic flow of inclusive photons near mid-rapidity in 158 A GeV Pb + Pb collisions has been studied. The data have been obtained with the photon spectrometer LEDA of the WA98 experiment at the CERN SPS. The flow strength has been measured for various centralities as a function of p(T) and rapidity over 0. 18 < p(T) < 1.5 GeV/c and 2.3 < y < 2.9. The angular anisotropy has been studied relative to an event plane obtained in the target fragmentation region that shows the elliptic flow to be in-plane. The elliptic flow has also been studied using two-particle correlations and shown to give similar results. A small directed flow component is observed. Both the directed and elliptic flow strengths increase with p(T). The photon flow results are used to estimate the corresponding neutral pion flow. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RRC Kurchatov Inst, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. SUBATECH, Ecole Mines, Nantes, France. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF H, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Nucl Res Inst, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Awes, TC (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. EM awes@bnl.gov RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914 NR 80 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 762 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.08.004 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 982DR UT WOS:000233138600005 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, OM Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stadie, H Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J McKenzie, JH Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Plamondon, M Robichaud-Veronneau, A Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, R Maddox, E Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, OM Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stadie, H Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J McKenzie, JH Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Plamondon, M Robichaud-Veronneau, A Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, R Maddox, E Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Inclusive jet cross sections and dijet correlations in D*(+/-) photoproduction at HERA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK FRAGMENTATION; HADRON-COLLISIONS; EP COLLISIONS; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN; ANNIHILATION AB Inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction for events containing a D* meson have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 78.6 pb(-1). The events were required to have a virtuality of the incoming photon, Q(2), of less than 1 GeV2, and a photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 130 < W-yp < 280 GeV. The measurements are compared with next-to-leading-order (NLC) QCD calculations. Good agreement is found with the NLO calculations over most of the measured kinematic region. Requiring a second jet in the event allowed a more detailed comparison with QCD calculations. The measured dijet cross sections are also compared to Monte Carlo (MC) models which incorporate leading-order matrix elements followed by parton showers and hadronisation. The NLO QCD predictions are in general agreement with the data although differences have been isolated to regions where contributions from higher orders are expected to be significant. The MC models give a better description than the NLO predictions of the shape of the measured cross sections. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Nucl Phys, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Toronto, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yoshida@mail.desy.de RI Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 729 IS 3 BP 492 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.09.021 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 982PC UT WOS:000233173100007 ER PT J AU Lee, TW Gray, SK AF Lee, TW Gray, SK TI Subwavelength light bending by metal slit structures SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; TRANSMISSION; ARRAYS; GRATINGS; FILMS AB We discuss how light can be efficiently bent by nanoscale-width slit waveguides in metals. The discussion is based on accurate numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations. Our results, using a realistic model for silver at optical wavelengths, show that good right-angle bending transmission can be achieved for wavelengths lambda > 600 nm. An approximate stop-band at lower wavelengths also occurs, which can be partly understood in terms of a dispersion curve analysis. The bending efficiency is shown to correlate with a focusing effect at the inner bend corner. Finally, we show that good bending transmission can even arise out of U-turn structures. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM twlee@anl.gov; gray@tcg.anl.gov NR 28 TC 154 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 24 BP 9652 EP 9659 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.009652 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 993QY UT WOS:000233971200002 PM 19503170 ER PT J AU Assink, RA Celina, M Skutnik, JM Harris, DJ AF Assink, RA Celina, M Skutnik, JM Harris, DJ TI Use of a respirometer to measure oxidation rates of polymeric materials at ambient temperatures SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE oxidation rate; thermal degradation; respirometer ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED OXIDATION; AGED ELASTOMERS; ARRHENIUS; EXTRAPOLATION; DEGRADATION; LIFETIMES; MODEL AB The use of a respirometer is introduced as a novel technique for measuring the oxidation rates of thermally degrading polymers. A dual channel respirometer with fuel cell detectors demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to measure the oxidation rates of low-density polymeric samples at ambient temperatures in a relatively short period of time. Samples of low-density polyurethane foam were aged for various lengths of time in sealed chambers at temperatures ranging from 23 to 110 degrees C. The extent of oxygen depletion was measured by flushing the chamber with air and comparing the oxygen concentration in the chamber flow to that of a reference flow. Oxidation rates of the 0.1 g/cm(3) polyurethane foam could be measured in less than 600 h of aging time at 23 degrees C. This corresponds to approximately 2 ppm oxidation by weight. Oxidation rates of the foam were used to calculate acceleration factors over a wide temperature range, including ambient conditions. Acceleration factors for the compressive force of the polyurethane foam were determined at elevated temperatures. Assuming that the aging behavior of compressive force of the foam is correlated to its oxidation rate, it is possible to calculate acceleration factors for the compressive force and predict the performance of the foam Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cytec Ind, Stamford, CT 06904 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raassin@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 25 BP 11648 EP 11654 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.069 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 990HL UT WOS:000233733700056 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Elphic, RC Lavraud, B Taylor, MGGT Birn, J Raeder, J Russell, CT Kawano, H Zong, QG Zhang, H Zhang, XX Friedel, RH AF Wang, YL Elphic, RC Lavraud, B Taylor, MGGT Birn, J Raeder, J Russell, CT Kawano, H Zong, QG Zhang, H Zhang, XX Friedel, RH TI Initial results of high-latitude magnetopause and low-latitude flank flux transfer events from 3 years of Cluster observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; SPACECRAFT; CUSP; SIGNATURES; MAGNETOMETER; IONOSPHERE; ELECTRONS AB [1] We present initial results from a statistical study of Cluster multispacecraft flux transfer event (FTE) observations at the high-latitude magnetopause and low-latitude flanks from February 2001 to June 2003. Cluster FTEs are observed at both the high-latitude magnetopause and low-latitude flanks for both southward and northward IMF. Among the 1222 FTEs, 36%, 20%, 14%, and 30% are seen by one, two, three, and four Cluster satellites, respectively. There are 73% (27%) of the FTEs observed outside ( inside) the magnetopause, which might be caused by the motion of FTEs toward the magnetosheath when they propagate from subsolar magnetopause to the midlatitude and high-latitude magnetopause and low-latitude flanks. We obtain an average FTE separation time of 7.09 min, which is at the lower end of the previous results. The mean B(N) peak-peak magnitude of Cluster FTEs is significantly larger than that from low-latitude FTE studies. FTE B(N) peak-peak magnitude clearly increases with increasing absolute magnetic latitude (MLAT), it has a weaker dependence on magnetic local time (MLT) with a peak near the magnetic local noon, and it has a complex dependence on Earth dipole tilt with a peak at around zero. FTE periodic behavior is found to be controlled by MLT, with a general increase of FTE separation time with increasing MLT, and by Earth dipole tilt, with a peak FTE separation time at around zero Earth dipole tilt. There is no clear dependence of FTE separation time on MLAT. There is a weak increase of FTE BN peak-peak magnitude with increasing FTE separation time, and we see no clear dependence of it on FTE B(N) peak-peak time. When no FTE identification thresholds are used, more accurate calculations of some FTE statistical parameters, including the mean B(N) peak-peak time, can be obtained. Further, comparing results with different thresholds can help obtain useful information about FTEs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ywang@lanl.gov; relphic@lanl.gov; lavraud@lanl.gov; mggt@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; jbirn@lanl.gov; j.raeder@unh.edu; ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu; hkawano@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp; zong@bu.edu; zhang@bu.edu; xxzhang@spaceweather.ac.cn; rfriedel@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A11 AR A11221 DI 10.1029/2005JA011150 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988WY UT WOS:000233633400003 ER PT J AU Chow, TE Gaines, KF Hodgson, ME Wilson, MD AF Chow, TE Gaines, KF Hodgson, ME Wilson, MD TI Habitat and exposure modelling for ecological risk assessment: A case study for the raccoon on the Savannah River Site SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ecologic risk assessment; geographic information system; habitat; exposure; raccoon; Monte Carlo simulation ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; HOME-RANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; WILDLIFE EXPOSURE; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; BEAR HABITAT; BODY BURDENS; SUITABILITY; GIS; SEDIMENTS AB Contamination has a dramatic impact on the health of ecosystem and habitat suitability for the inhabited flora and fauna. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates an ecological risk assessment (ERA) that evaluates the potential adverse impact of any anthropogenic activities on the ecosystem (US Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-021011, Washington, DC). This study provides a general framework and specific procedures to predict the contaminant exposure of midsized mammals using a geographical information system (GIS)-based Monte Carlo simulation model. The model was applied to the raccoons (Procyon lotor) on the Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear production and current research facility. Habitat behavioral data of 13 radiocollared male raccoons were used to determine home range and core areas. Combined with other geographic data layers, such as distance to water, number of wetlands, and class landscape metrics, a logistic regression model was used to inductively derive the resource selection functions that define the occurrence of raccoon. The cross validation consistently revealed a high accuracy. A Monte Carlo simulation was then performed to estimate the likelihood of exposure and contaminant uptake of the species weighted by the resource selection probability. This model adopted conservative assumptions and spatial parameters. The proposed model served the purpose of assessing ecological risk and supporting decision-making. Implementation issues for a GIS-based ecological risk assessment model are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Chow, TE (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM chowte@mailbox.sc.edu OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 71 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.04.001 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 985JT UT WOS:000233374300008 ER PT J AU Pierce, KM Hope, JL Johnson, KJ Wright, BW Synovec, RE AF Pierce, KM Hope, JL Johnson, KJ Wright, BW Synovec, RE TI Classification of gasoline data obtained by gas chromatography using a piecewise alignment algorithm combined with feature selection and principal component analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE alignment; gas chromatography; feature selection; principal component analysis; ANOVA; fuel; chemometrics ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; PEAK ALIGNMENT; PROFILES; SPECTRA AB A fast and objective chemometric classification method is developed and applied to the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) data from five commercial gasoline samples. The gasoline samples serve as model mixtures, whereas the focus is on the development and demonstration of the classification method. The method is based on objective retention time alignment (referred to as piecewise alignment) coupled with analysis of variance (ANOVA) feature selection prior to classification by principal component analysis (PCA) using optimal parameters. The degree-of-class-separation is used as a metric to objectively optimize the alignment and feature selection parameters using a suitable training set thereby reducing user subjectivity, as well as to indicate the success of the PCA clustering and classification. The degree-of-class-separation is calculated using Euclidean distances between the PCA scores of a subset of the replicate runs from two of the five fuel types, i.e., the training set. The unaligned training set that was directly submitted to PCA had a low degree-of-class-separation (0.4), and the PCA scores plot for the raw training set combined with the raw test set failed to correctly cluster the five sample types. After submitting the training set to piecewise alignment, the degree-of-class-separation increased (1.2), but when the same alignment parameters were applied to the training set combined with the test set, the scores plot clustering still did not yield five distinct groups. Applying feature selection to the unaligned training set increased the degree-of-class-separation (4.8), but chemical variations were still obscured by retention time variation and when the same feature selection conditions were used for the training set combined with the test set, only one of the five fuels was clustered correctly. However, piecewise alignment coupled with feature selection yielded a reasonably optimal degree-of-class-separation for the training set (9.2). and when the same alignment and ANOVA parameters were applied to the training set combined with the test set, the PCA scores plot correctly classified the gasoline fingerprints into five distinct clusters. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 23 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 1096 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.078 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 989KJ UT WOS:000233672100012 PM 16301073 ER PT J AU Burroughs, EA Coutsias, EA Romero, LA AF Burroughs, EA Coutsias, EA Romero, LA TI A reduced-order partial differential equation model for the flow in a thermosyphon SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SCALE EIGENVALUE CALCULATIONS; THERMAL-CONVECTION LOOP; NATURAL-CONVECTION; CLOSED THERMOSIPHON; LORENTZ MODEL; STABILITY; FLUID; CHAOS; OSCILLATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Flow in a closed-loop thermosyphon heated from below exhibits a sequence of bifurcations with increasing Grashof number. Using the Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation we have derived a model where, in the case of a slender circular loop, the first Fourier modes exactly decouple from all other Fourier modes, leaving a system of three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations that completely describes the flow in the thermosyphon. We have characterized the flow through two bifurcations, identifying stable periodic solutions for flows of Prandtl number greater than 18.5, a much tower value than predicted previously. Because of the quadratic nonlinearity in this system of equations, it is possible to find the global stability limit, and we have proved that it is identical to the first bifurcation point. The numerical study of the model equations is based on a highly accurate Fourier-Chebyshev spectral method, combined with asymptotic analysis at the various bifurcation points. Three-dimensional computations with a finite element method computational fluid dynamics code (MPSalsa), are also pursued. All three approaches are in close agreement. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burroughs, EA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM burroughs@humboldt.edu OI Coutsias, Evangelos/0000-0003-2910-9125 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 543 BP 203 EP 237 DI 10.1017/S0022112005006361 PG 35 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 987UG UT WOS:000233542200010 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Lou, Y Yokota, H Adams, PD Kim, R Kim, SH AF Liu, JY Lou, Y Yokota, H Adams, PD Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structures of an NAD kinase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus in complex with ATP, NAD, or NADP SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; NAD kinase; ATP-binding; NADP-binding; phosphate transfer ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTS; SOFTWARE; ENZYME; SITE AB NAD kinase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD to NADP using ATP or inorganic polyphosphate (poly(P)) as phosphate donor, and is regarded as the only enzyme responsible for the synthesis of NADP. We present here the crystal structures of an NAD kinase from the archaeal organism Archaeoglobus fulgidus in complex with its phosphate donor ATP at 1.7 angstrom resolution, with its substrate NAD at 3.05 angstrom resolution, and with the product NADP in two different crystal forms at 2.45 angstrom and 2.0 angstrom resolution, respectively. In the ATP bound structure, the AMP portion of the ATP molecule is found to use the same binding site as the nicotinamide ribose portion of NAD/NADP in the NAD/NADP bound structures. A magnesium ion is found to be coordinated to the phosphate tail of ATP as well as to a pyrophosphate group. The conserved GGDG loop forms hydrogen bonds with the pyrophosphate group in the ATP-bound structure and the 2 ' phosphate group of the NADP in the NADP-bound structures. A possible phosphate transfer mechanism is proposed on the basis of the structures presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkerley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkerley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, 350 Calvin Lab,Mail Stop 5230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SHKim@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 29 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 354 IS 2 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.026 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 986VI UT WOS:000233477400009 PM 16242716 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Horita, Z Xia, KN Berbon, PB Raj, SV Chokshi, AH Kostorz, G AF Zhu, YT Horita, Z Xia, KN Berbon, PB Raj, SV Chokshi, AH Kostorz, G TI The Langdon Symposium: Flow and forming of crystalline materials - Preface SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos Natl Lab Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos Natl Lab Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI kostorz, gernot/B-6489-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.106 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000001 ER PT J AU Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT AF Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT TI Contribution of early works by Terence G. Langdon to modern materials science SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material DE creep; superplasticity; ultrafine grains; severe plastic deformation ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; GRAINED MATERIALS; CREEP; SUPERPLASTICITY; DUCTILITY; MECHANISMS; ALLOYS; METALS AB Professor Terence G. Langdon has been ranked as the second most cited author in materials science of the last 10 years by the international Institute for Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA, USA). An analysis of his works shows that his most highly cited publications are those dealing with recent studies of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials processed by severe plastic deformation, as well as earlier papers on creep and superplasticity carried Out in the 1970-1980s. This paper overviews the landmarks in the research activity of Prof. Langdon, and traces how his early works have affected the current investigations of the mechanical behavior of UFG materials produced by severe plastic deformation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valiev, RZ (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, K Marx 12, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM RZValiev@mail.rb.ru NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.105 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000003 ER PT J AU Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Horita, Z Langdon, TG AF Zhao, YH Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Horita, Z Langdon, TG TI Influence of stacking fault energy on nanostructure formation under high pressure torsion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE stacking fault energy; copper and copper alloys; high pressure torsion; microstructure; deformation twins ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE AL; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; METALS; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; NICKEL; COPPER AB Copper, bronze (Cu-10 Wt.% Zn) and brass (Cu-30 wt.% Zn) were deformed by high pressure torsion (HPT) under a pressure of 6GPa for five rotations, The stacking fault energies (SFEs) of copper, bronze and brass are 78, 35 and 14 mJ/m(2), respectively, and their average grain sizes after the HPT processing were about 84, 54 and 17 nm, respectively. Deformation twins were found in all samples and their densities increased with decreasing SFE. This work demonstrates that under the same conditions of HPT a low SFE promotes the formation of nanostructures and deformation twins. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 33 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.074 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000041 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Li, SY Alexander, DJ AF Beyerlein, IJ Li, SY Alexander, DJ TI Modeling the plastic anisotropy in pure copper after one pass of ECAE SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE copper; anisotropy; hardening law; latent hardening; equal channel angular extrusion; texture ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUBSTRUCTURE; ZIRCONIUM AB The influences of applied deformation and latent hardening on the plastic anisotropic response of one-pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) copper are explored. The size of the plastic deformation zone used to model the applied ECAE deformation and the value of the latent hardening parameter in the single-crystal hardening law are shown to significantly influence many important aspects of texture evolution and plastic response. Best agreement with compression tests on one-pass ECAE copper occurs when the latent hardening between non-coplanar slip systems is slower than active hardening. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Irene@lanl.gov RI Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.113 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000043 ER PT J AU Li, SY Kalidindi, SR Beyerlein, IJ AF Li, SY Kalidindi, SR Beyerlein, IJ TI A crystal plasticity finite element analysis of texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE equal channel angular extrusion; texture; crystal plasticity; finite element analysis; grain interaction ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; FCC METALS; INITIAL TEXTURE; DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALS; ALLOYS; COPPER; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATION; ALUMINUM AB This study demonstrates the capability of the crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) approach in texture predictions during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). A CPFE model was applied to simulate the texture evolution in one-pass ECAE of pure aluminum and copper. Boundary conditions corresponding to simple shear at the interaction plane of the die were imposed to the sample to approximate the deformation during its passage through the die channel. The performance of this approach is evaluated through quantitative comparison of the simulated textures with measurements by neutron diffraction and predictions from a visco-plasticity self-consistent model. The predicted local variation of deformation as a result of grain interactions is discussed in relation to the simulated textures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19014 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, SY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Saiyi@lanl.gov RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.029 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000044 ER PT J AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD TI Severe plastic deformation through adiabatic shear banding in Fe-C steels SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE shear bands; steel; high rate deformation ID ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEEL; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Severe plastic deformation is observed within adiabatic shear bands in iron-carbon steels. These shear bands form under high strain rate conditions, in excess of 1000 s(-1), and strains in the order 5 or greater are commonly observed. Studies on shear band formation in a ultra-high carbon steel (1.3% C) are described in the pearlitic condition. A hardness of 11.5 GPa (4600 MPa) is obtained within the band. A mechanism is described to explain the high strength based on phase transformation to austenite from severe plastic deformation and adiabatic heating. Rapid re-transformation leads to an ultra-fine ferrite grain size containing carbon principally in the form of nano-size carbides. It is proposed that the same mechanism explains the ultra-high strength of iron-carbon steels observed in ball-milling, ball drop tests and in severely deformed wires. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lesuer1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.138 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000047 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Gray, GT AF Xue, Q Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Gray, GT TI Formation mechanisms of nanostructures in stainless steel during high-strain-rate severe plastic deformation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE nanostructure; grain refinement; adiabatic shear localization; stainless steel ID ADIABATIC SHEAR BANDS; NANOCRYSTALLINE AL; TEMPERATURE AB We have investigated the formation mechanisms of nanostructures within adiabatic shear bands formed in stainless steel samples deformed by high-strain-rate forced shear. Twinning is shown to play a critical role in the initiation of nanostructures. Secondary twins directly led to the formation of elongated subgrains. Microtwins inside shear bands promoted division and break-down of the subgrains, which further refined the microstructures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xue, Q (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qxue@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.022 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000054 ER PT J AU Sun, PL Cerreta, EK Gray, GT Rae, P AF Sun, PL Cerreta, EK Gray, GT Rae, P TI The influence of boundary structure on the mechanical properties of ultrafine grained AA1050 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE aluminum; equal channel angular extrusion; mechanical properties ID HIGH-ANGLE BOUNDARIES; NANOSTRUCTURED METAL; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; NICKEL AB Commercial purity aluminum AA 1050 was subjected to one of two equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) routes. Route "A" is defined as no rotation between passes and route "C" is rotated 180 degrees between extrusion passes. The resulting microstructures have similar grain sizes but relatively different grain boundary structures. The microstructure processed by route "A" has approximately 70% high angle boundaries (HABs), while the route "C" has approximately 40% HABs. The boundary structure plays an important role in the mechanical properties of the material because these boundaries act as a source and sink of dislocations. Mechanical tests conducted on these two microstructures at intermediate and dynamic strain rates at both 77 and 298 K are compared with the results of material tested at quasi-static strain I-ate. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sun, PL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8-MS G7555, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM psun@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.068 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000057 ER PT J AU Pushin, VG Stolyarov, VV Valiev, RZ Lowe, TC Zhu, YT AF Pushin, VG Stolyarov, VV Valiev, RZ Lowe, TC Zhu, YT TI Nanostructured TiNi-based shape memory alloys processed by severe plastic deformation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE TiNi-based alloys; severe plastic deformation; nanostructure; martensitic transformation; shape memory; physical properties AB We present the processing, microstructure and properties of nanostructured TiNi-based shape-memory alloys synthesized by severe plastic deformation (SPD), including high-pressure torsion, equal-channel angular pressing, and multi-step SPD deformation (SPD plus cold rolling or drawing). It was found that the SPD processing did not alter the phase transformation sequence of the alloys but changed the morphology of the martensite. Also, we found that the mechanical and shape memory properties were improved by forming nanostructures in these alloys; SPD processing rendered a higher recovery stress (up to 1.5 GPa) and a higher maximum reverse strain (up to 10%) of shape memory, which are desirable in various practical applications. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valiev, RZ (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Adv Mat, 12 K Marx St, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM RZValiev@mail.rb.ru RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Vladimir, Pushin/J-4807-2013 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Vladimir, Pushin/0000-0001-7569-0999 NR 10 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.071 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000083 ER PT J AU Lillo, TM AF Lillo, TM TI Enhancing ductility of AL6061+10 wt.% B4C through equal-channel angular extrusion processing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE ECAE; metal matrix composite; boron carbide; AL6061 ID FLOW AB Additions of high modulus particles to aluminum alloys offer the potential to develop a high stiffness, lightweight composite. Powder metallurgy was used to create a metal matrix composite of aluminium alloy 6061 and 10 wt.% boron carbide particles. Characterization of the as-fabricated material showed the presence of agglomerates of B4C particles and some residual porosity. Evaluation of the mechanical properties showed little improvement to the elastic modulus, low tensile strength and no significant amount of ductility. The material was processed by equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) using a variety of parameters, e.g., temperature, number of passes through the die, route, intermediate anneal, etc. Subsequent microstructural characterization revealed a redistribution of the B4C particles. ECAE processing also eliminated residual porosity and improved the elastic modulus as well as other mechanical properties. The biggest improvement was observed in the elongation to fracture which increased to > 10%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lillo, TM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, MS 2218,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Thomas.Lillo@inl.gov RI Lilllo, Thomas/S-5031-2016 OI Lilllo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.093 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000096 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Witkin, DB Radmilovic, V Lavernia, EJ Nutt, SR AF Lee, Z Witkin, DB Radmilovic, V Lavernia, EJ Nutt, SR TI Bimodal microstructure and deformation of cryomilled bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE nanocrystalline; bimodal; cryomilling; aluminum; deformation ID NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; AL; DUCTILITY AB The microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation response of bimodal structured nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg alloy were investigated. Grain refinement was achieved by cryomilling of atomized Al-7.5Mg powders, and then cryomilled nanocrystalline powders blended with 15 and 30% unmilled coarse-grained powders were consolidated by hot isostatic pressing followed by extrusion to produce bulk nanocrystalline alloys. Bimodal bulk nanocrystalline Al-7.5Mg alloys, which were comprised of nanocrystalline grains separated by coarse-grain regions, show balanced mechanical properties of enhanced yield and ultimate strength and reasonable ductility and toughness compared to comparable conventional alloys and nanocrystalline metals. The investigation of tensile and hardness test suggests unusual deformation mechanisms and interactions between ductile coarse-grain bands and nanocrystalline regions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, Z (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM zhlee@lbl.gov RI Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 12 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.104 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000100 ER PT J AU Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ AF Alexander, DJ Beyerlein, IJ TI Anisotropy in mechanical properties of high-purity copper processed by equal channel angular extrusion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE equal channel angular extrusion; copper; mechanical properties; anisotropy; texture; strain path ID DEFORMATION; TITANIUM; FRACTURE; ECAP AB High-purity oxygen-free electronic copper has been processed by equal channel angular extrusion for up to four passes at room temperature, using 90 degrees tooling, by either route B, or C. Small tensile specimens and compression cubes were sectioned by electro-discharge machining and tested in the as-processed condition. The equal channel angular extrusion (ECA-E)-processed material was mechanically anisotropic, with the strength in compression in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the inlet and outlet channels being greater than that in the other directions, for both routes. Work softening occurred after a strain of about 1% in this direction, whereas slight but positive work hardening occurred in the other directions, for both routes. In the extrusion direction, the strength in compression was greater than the strength in tension, for both routes. Modeling which assumes that active slip planes harden more rapidly than inactive planes can predict the measured behavior reasonably well, apart from the work softening. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST 6,G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djalexander@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.149 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000104 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciverez, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortal, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciverez, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortal, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-) and B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-) decays in p(p)over-bar collisions with CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-S; MU(+) MU(-); RUN II; MODELS; PHYSICS AB We report on a search for B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-) and B-d(0)->mu(+)mu(-) decays in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using 364 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. After applying all selection requirements, we observe no candidates inside the B-s(0) or B-d(0) mass windows. The resulting upper limits on the branching fractions are B(B-s(0)->mu(+)mu(-))< 1.5x10(-7) and B(B-d(0)->mu(+)mu(-))< 3.9x10(-8) at 90% confidence level. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena & Scuola Normal Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 221805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.221805 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500014 PM 16384210 ER PT J AU Asaka, T Kimura, T Nagai, T Yu, XZ Kimoto, K Tokura, Y Matsui, Y AF Asaka, T Kimura, T Nagai, T Yu, XZ Kimoto, K Tokura, Y Matsui, Y TI Observation of magnetic ripple and nanowidth domains in a layered ferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LORENTZ ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NI-FE FILMS; MANGANITE LA2-2XSR1+2XMN2O7; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CRYSTAL; TRANSITIONS; ANISOTROPY; OXIDES; CHARGE; PHASE AB We investigated ferromagnetic domain structures on nanometer to micrometer scale for single crystals of a layered ferromagnet, La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (0.32 <= x <= 0.40), as functions of x and temperature by means of Lorentz electron microscopy. We have succeeded in observing the evolution of magnetic ripple structure, dynamically, related to a spin reorientation transition where the magnetization direction switches between parallel and perpendicular to the layers. Our high-resolution magnetic domain imaging revealed that the ripple state is characterized by the evolution of magnetic nanowidth domains. C1 NIMS, HVEMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JST, ERATO, Spine Superstruct Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. AIST, CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. RP Asaka, T (reprint author), NIMS, HVEMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RI Gao, Jinlong/C-1489-2010; NAGAI, Takuro/H-2630-2011; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Yu, Xiuzhen/B-3634-2013; KIMOTO, Koji/H-2708-2011 OI Yu, Xiuzhen/0000-0003-3136-7289; KIMOTO, Koji/0000-0002-3927-0492 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 227204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500065 PM 16384261 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bakel, N Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, S Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bakel, N Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, S Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Evidence for B+->(K)over-bar(0)K(+) and B-0 -> K-0(K)over-bar(0), and measurement of the branching fraction and search for direct CP violation in B+-> K-0 pi(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CKM ANGLE-GAMMA; DECAYS; FACTORIZATION; ASYMMETRIES; PHYSICS; PHASE AB We present evidence for the b -> d penguin-dominated decays B+->(K) over bar K-0(+) and B-0 -> K-0(K) over bar (0) in 227x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector. We measure the branching fractions B(B+->(K) over bar K-0(+))=(1.5 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.1)x10(-6)(< 2.4x10(-6)) and B(B-0 -> K-0(K) over bar (0))=(1.19(-0.35)(+0.40)+/- 0.13)x10(-6), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also present improved measurements of the charge-averaged branching fraction B(B+-> K-0 pi(+))=(26.0 +/- 1.3 +/- 1.0)x10(-6) and CP-violating charge asymmetry A(CP)(K-0 pi(+))=-0.09 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.01, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. C1 Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartmento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 33 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 221801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.221801 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500010 PM 16383973 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Ayotte, P Bilic, A Kay, BD Jonsson, H AF Batista, ER Ayotte, P Bilic, A Kay, BD Jonsson, H TI What determines the sticking probability of water molecules on ice? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; ADSORPTION DYNAMICS; TRAPPING DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS WATER; SADDLE-POINTS; SURFACE; PT(110)-(1X2); SIMULATIONS; BEAM AB We present both experimental and theoretical studies of the sticking of water molecules on ice. The sticking probability is unity over a wide range in energy (0.5 eV-1.5 eV) when the molecules are incident along the surface normal, but drops as the angle increases at high incident energy. This is explained in terms of the strong orientational dependence of the interaction of the molecule with the surface and the time required for the reorientation of the molecule. The sticking probability is found to scale with the component of the incident velocity in the plane of the surface, unlike the commonly assumed normal or total energy scaling. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Iceland, Fac Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bilic, Ante/C-6131-2008; Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Bilic, Ante/0000-0002-8516-026X; Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 223201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.223201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500019 PM 16384215 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Putkaradze, V AF Holm, DD Putkaradze, V TI Aggregation of finite-size particles with variable mobility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB New model equations are derived for dynamics of aggregation of finite-size particles. The differences from standard Debye-Huckel and Keller-Segel models are that the mobility of particles depends on the configuration of their neighbors and linear diffusion acts on locally averaged particle density. The evolution of collapsed states in these models reduces exactly to finite-dimensional dynamics of interacting particle clumps. Simulations show these collapsed ( clumped) states emerge from smooth initial conditions, even in one spatial dimension. Extensions to two and three dimenstions are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; putkarad@math.colostate.edu OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 226106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.226106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500047 PM 16384243 ER PT J AU Jhi, SH Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Jhi, SH Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Reentrant semiconducting behavior of zigzag carbon nanotubes at substitutional doping by oxygen dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFECT-INDUCED OXIDATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; RADIAL DEFORMATION; GRAPHITE; FULLERENE; SENSORS; BEAM; C-60 AB The electronic structures of carbon nanotubes doped with oxygen dimers are studied using the ab initio pseudopotential density functional method. The fundamental energy gap of zigzag semiconducting nanotubes exhibits a strong dependence on both the concentration and configuration of oxygen-dimer defects that substitute for carbon atoms in the tubes and on the tube chiral index. For a certain type of zigzag nanotube when doped with oxygen dimers, the energy gap is closed and the tube becomes semimetallic. At higher oxygen-dimer concentrations the gap reopens, and the tube exhibits semiconducting behavior again. The change of the band gap of the zigzag tube is understood in terms of their response to the strains caused by the dimer substitutional doping. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Jhi, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jhish@postech.ac.kr NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 226403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.226403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500052 PM 16384248 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garasi, CJ Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Wunsch, SE Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Hall, GN Oliver, BV AF Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garasi, CJ Mehlhorn, TA Robinson, AC Wunsch, SE Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Hall, GN Oliver, BV TI Study of three-dimensional structure in wire-array z pinches by controlled seeding of axial modulations in wire radius SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES; IMPLOSIONS; PHYSICS; PLASMA AB Three-dimensional perturbations have been seeded in wire-array z pinches by etching 15 mu m diameter aluminum wires to introduce 20% modulations in radius with a controlled axial wavelength. These perturbations seed additional three-dimensional imploding structures that are studied experimentally and with magnetohydrodynamics calculations, highlighting the role of current path nonuniformity in perturbation-induced magnetic bubble formation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 225001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.225001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500032 PM 16384228 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Comment on "Anomalous propagation loss in photonic crystal waveguides" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM lizy@aphy.iphy.ac.cn NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 229402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.229402 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500075 ER PT J AU Look, DC Farlow, GC Reunchan, P Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB Nordlund, K AF Look, DC Farlow, GC Reunchan, P Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB Nordlund, K TI Evidence for native-defect donors in n-type ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ZNO; SHALLOW DONOR; ZINC-OXIDE; BULK ZNO; HYDROGEN; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEVICES AB Recent theory has found that native defects such as the O vacancy V-O and Zn interstitial Zn-I have high formation energies in n-type ZnO and, thus, are not important donors, especially in comparison to impurities such as H. In contrast, we use both theory and experiment to show that, under N ambient, the complex Zn-I-N-O is a stronger candidate than H or any other known impurity for a 30 meV donor commonly found in bulk ZnO grown from the vapor phase. Since the Zn vacancy is also the dominant acceptor in such material, we must conclude that native defects are important donors and acceptors in ZnO. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Natl Renewal Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Nordlund, Kai/L-8275-2014; Reunchan, Pakpoom/B-3879-2012 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Nordlund, Kai/0000-0001-6244-1942; Reunchan, Pakpoom/0000-0002-8377-8912 NR 35 TC 311 Z9 323 U1 9 U2 106 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500035 PM 16384231 ER PT J AU Nikitin, A Ogasawara, H Mann, D Denecke, R Zhang, Z Dai, H Cho, K Nilsson, A AF Nikitin, A Ogasawara, H Mann, D Denecke, R Zhang, Z Dai, H Cho, K Nilsson, A TI Hydrogenation of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; STORAGE; NANOSTRUCTURES; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; BUNDLES; NEXAFS; ENERGY; GASES AB Towards the development of a useful mechanism for hydrogen storage, we have studied the hydrogenation of single-walled carbon nanotubes with atomic hydrogen using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that atomic hydrogen creates C-H bonds with the carbon atoms in the nanotube walls, and such C-H bonds can be completely broken by heating to 600 degrees C. We demonstrate approximately 65 +/- 15 at% hydrogenation of carbon atoms in the single-walled carbon nanotubes, which is equivalent to 5:1 +/- 1:2 wt% hydrogen capacity. We also show that the hydrogenation is a reversible process. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Stockholm, Albanova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Phys Chem 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 33 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 225507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.225507 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500040 PM 16384236 ER PT J AU Piryatinski, A Stepanov, M Tretiak, S Chernyak, V AF Piryatinski, A Stepanov, M Tretiak, S Chernyak, V TI Semiclassical scattering on conical intersections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE AB We apply a semiclassical approach to the scattering problem of a vibrational wave packet in the vicinity of a conical intersection of electronic energy surfaces and derive analytical expressions for the scattering matrix. The latter are valid when the scattering length that scales as root h is small and a wave packet passes through the scattering region with a constant velocity. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations for a realistic set of parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Automat & Electrometry, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Piryatinski, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM apiryat@lanl.gov RI Piryatinski, Andrei/B-5543-2009; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 223001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.223001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500017 PM 16384213 ER PT J AU Rosch, O Gunnarsson, O Zhou, XJ Yoshida, T Sasagawa, T Fujimori, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX Uchida, S AF Rosch, O Gunnarsson, O Zhou, XJ Yoshida, T Sasagawa, T Fujimori, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX Uchida, S TI Polaronic behavior of undoped high-T-c cuprate superconductors from angle-resolved photoemission spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUO2 PLANE; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data on undoped La2CuO4, indicating polaronic coupling between bosons and charge carriers. Using a shell model, we calculate the electron-phonon coupling and find that it is strong enough to give self-trapped polarons. We develop an efficient method for calculating ARPES spectra in undoped systems. Using the calculated couplings, we find the width of the phonon sideband in good agreement with experiment. We analyze reasons for the observed dependence of the width on the binding energy. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70506 Stuttgart, Germany. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Rosch, O (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70506 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 12 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 227002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500059 PM 16384255 ER PT J AU Srinath, S Poddar, P Srikanth, H Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Srinath, S Poddar, P Srikanth, H Sales, BC Mandrus, D TI Observation of a new magnetic anomaly below the ferromagnetic curie temperature in Yb14MnSb11 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL ZINTL COMPOUNDS; AC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TRANSITION; SR; DYNAMICS; BA; DY; ER AB Yb14MnSb11 is an unusual ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 52 +/- 1 K. Recent optical, Hall, magnetic, and thermodynamic measurements indicate that Yb14MnSb11 may be a rare example of an underscreened Kondo lattice. We report the first experimental observation of a new magnetic anomaly in this system at around 47 K, a few degrees below T-c. Systematic investigations of the ac and dc susceptibilities of Yb14MnSb11 single crystals reveal features associated with possible spin reorientation at this temperature. This new anomaly is extremely sensitive to the applied measurement field and is absent in temperature-dependent dc magnetization data for fields above 50 Oe. The origin of this could be due to decoupling of two distinct magnetic sublattices associated with MnSb4 tetrahedra. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Srikanth, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sharihar@cas.usf.edu RI Poddar, Pankaj/G-5174-2010; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 227205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500066 PM 16384262 ER PT J AU Stepanov, MG Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Vasic, B AF Stepanov, MG Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Vasic, B TI Diagnosis of weaknesses in modern error correction codes: A physics approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARITY-CHECK CODES; GRAPHS AB One of the main obstacles to the wider use of the modern error-correction codes is that, due to the complex behavior of their decoding algorithms, no systematic method which would allow characterization of the bit-error-rate (BER) is known. This is especially true at the weak noise where many systems operate and where coding performance is difficult to estimate because of the diminishingly small number of errors. We show how the instanton method of physics allows one to solve the problem of BER analysis in the weak noise range by recasting it as a computationally tractable minimization problem. C1 LANL, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Automat & Electrometry, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept ECE, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP LANL, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 228701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.228701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500073 PM 16384269 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, T Kondo, T Kitao, T Kaga, H Yang, H Ding, H Kaminski, A Campuzano, JC AF Takeuchi, T Kondo, T Kitao, T Kaga, H Yang, H Ding, H Kaminski, A Campuzano, JC TI Two- to three-dimensional crossover in the electronic structure of (Bi,Pb)(2)(Sr,La)(2)CuO6+delta from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOLE-CONCENTRATION DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB The hole-concentration (x) dependence of the three-dimensional energy-momentum dispersion in (Bi,Pb)(2)(Sr,La)(2)CuO6+delta has been investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. For a heavily overdoped sample of T-c<= 0.5 K, an energy dispersion of similar to 10 meV in width is observed in the vicinity of the (pi,0) point with varying momentum along the c axis (k(z)). This k(z) dispersion is zero for underdoped, optimally doped, and slightly overdoped samples up to a doping level corresponding to T-c=22 K. At higher doping levels we observe significant dispersion of the order of 10 meV (sample with T-c<= 0.5 K). This is clear evidence that at a doping value corresponding to T-c=22 K, a crossover from two- to three-dimensional electronic structure occurs. C1 Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Crystalline Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02467 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RI Kondo, Takeshi/H-2680-2016 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 227004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.227004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500061 PM 16384257 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Koschny, T Kafesaki, M Economou, EN Pendry, JB Soukoulis, CM AF Zhou, J Koschny, T Kafesaki, M Economou, EN Pendry, JB Soukoulis, CM TI Saturation of the magnetic response of split-ring resonators at optical frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION AB We investigate numerically the limits of the resonant magnetic response with a negative effective permeability mu(eff) for single-ring multicut split-ring resonator (SRR) designs up to optical frequencies. We find the breakdown of linear scaling due to the free electron kinetic energy for frequencies above similar to 100 THz. Above the linear scaling regime, the resonance frequency saturates, while the amplitude of the resonant permeability decreases, ultimately ceasing to reach negative value. The highest resonance frequency at which mu(eff)< 0 increases with the number of cuts in the SRR. A LC circuit model provides explanation of the numerical data. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 19 TC 380 Z9 386 U1 8 U2 78 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 223902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.223902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500024 PM 16384220 ER PT J AU Raring, JW Skogen, EJ Masanovic, ML DenBaars, SP Coldren, LA AF Raring, JW Skogen, EJ Masanovic, ML DenBaars, SP Coldren, LA TI Demonstration of high saturation power/high gain SOAs using quantum well intermixing based integration platform SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGROWTH; AMPLIFIER AB The performance of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) employing regions of high and low optical confinement designed for high saturation power and high gain using a novel quantum well intermixing and MOCVD regrowth fabrication scheme is reported. The scheme enables the monolithic integration of high performance SOAs with high gain laser diodes, high efficiency electroabsorption modulators, and high saturation power photodiodes. The SOAs presented exhibit saturation powers in the 19 to 20 dBm range with nearly 15 dB of gain. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Raring, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 24 BP 1345 EP 1346 DI 10.1049/el:20053248 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 994XA UT WOS:000234063300026 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Medforth, CJ Schweitzer-Stenner, R AF Huang, Q Medforth, CJ Schweitzer-Stenner, R TI Nonplanar heme deformations and excited state displacements in nickel porphyrins detected by Raman spectroscopy at Soret excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE-C; RESONANCE RAMAN; DISPERSION SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES; NORMAL-MODES; FORCE-FIELD; OCTAETHYLPORPHYRIN; DISTORTIONS; PROFILES AB We have correlated the Raman intensities of out-of-plane modes of nickel porphyrins with the nonplanar deformations of specific symmetries, i.e., static normal coordinate deformations (SNCDs) expressed in terms of irreducible representations of the unperturbed D-4h point group. The model porphyrins Ni(II) octaethyltetra-phenylporphyrin (NiOETPP), Ni(II) tetra(isopropyl)porphyrin (NiT(Pr-i)P), Ni(II) tetra(tert-butyl)porphyrin (NiT('Bu)P), and Ni(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) were chosen because they exhibit significant out-of-plane deformations of different symmetries. At B-band excitation, the Raman scattering of out-of-plane modes becomes activated mostly via the Franck-Condon mechanism. Some characteristic bands from out-of-plane modes in the spectra were identified as reliable predictors of the type and magnitude of out-of-plane deformation. The gamma(10)-gamma(13) bands are indicators of ruffling (B-1u) deformations for porphyrins, as confirmed by data for NiTPP, NiT(iPr)P, and NiT('Bu)P, where the Raman intensity increases with the magnitude of the ruffling deformation. The gamma(15)-gamma(17) bands are indicators of saddling (B-2u) deformations, as shown by data for NiOETPP, which is highly saddled. By comparing the relative intensities of these prominent Raman bands we estimated the vibronic coupling parameters using a self-consistent analysis, and showed that they reproduce the respective B-band absorption profiles. We also identified the deformations along the lowest wavenumber normal coordinates as the predominant reason for the Raman activity of out-of-plane modes. Our results suggest that some of the normal coordinates (gamma(10) and gamma(13)) may be used as tools to quantitatively probe the nonplanar deformations of metalloporphyrins with alkyl substituents at the meso-positions. Out-of-plane deformations also increase the vibronic coupling strength of some low frequency in-plane Raman modes, namely, nu(7) and nu(8). Generally, the Raman data suggest that the excited B-state is substantially more nonplanar than the ground state. The overall larger vibronic coupling of ruffled porphyrins yields substantially larger dipole strengths for the vibronic sidebands associated with the B-state transition, so that the relative absorptivity of the B-nu band can be used as a convenient tool to probe the nonplanarity of the porphyrin macrocycle. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Schweitzer-Stenner, R (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM RSchweitzer-Stenner@drexel.edu RI Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 10493 EP 10502 DI 10.1021/jp052986a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 986GA UT WOS:000233436900004 PM 16834304 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Huang, X Waters, T Wang, XB O'Hair, RAJ Wedd, AG Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Huang, X Waters, T Wang, XB O'Hair, RAJ Wedd, AG Wang, LS TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of doubly and singly charged group VIB dimetalate anions: M2O72-, MM ' O-7(2-), and M2O7- (M, M ' = Cr, Mo, W) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; GAS-PHASE; OXIDE CLUSTERS; GOLD CLUSTERS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION AB We produced both doubly and singly charged Group VIB dimetalate species-M2O72-, MM'O-7(2-),and M2O7- (M, M' = Cr, Mo, W)-using two different experimental techniques (electrospray ionization for the doubly charged anions and laser vaporization for the singly charged anions) and investigated their electronic and geometric structures using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Distinct changes in the electronic and geometric structures were observed as a function of the metal and charge state. The electron binding energies of the heteromiclear dianions MM'O-7(2-) were observed to be roughly the average of those of their homonuclear counterparts (M2O72- and M'O-2(7)2-). Density functional calculations indicated that W2O72-, W2O7-, and W2O7 possess different ground-state structures: the dianion is highly symmetric (D-3d,(1)A(1g)) with a single bridging oxo ligand, the monoanion is a doublet (C-1, (2)A) with two bridging oxo ligands and a radical terminal oxo ligand, whereas the neutral is a singlet (C-1, (1)A) with two bridging oxo ligands and a terminal peroxo ligand. The combined experimental and theoretical study provides insights into the evolution of geometric and electronic structures as a function of charge state. The clusters identified might provide insights into the possible structures of reactive species present in early transition-metal oxide catalysts that are relevant to their reactivity and catalytic function. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 67 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 10512 EP 10520 DI 10.1021/jp055122y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 986GA UT WOS:000233436900006 PM 16834306 ER PT J AU Creighton, JR Wang, GT AF Creighton, JR Wang, GT TI Kinetics of metal organic-ammonia adduct decomposition: Implications for group-III nitride MOCVD SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTAL-GROWTH; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PARASITIC REACTION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; MATRIX-ISOLATION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ALGAN; TRIMETHYLGALLIUM AB We have used infrared spectroscopy to investigate the decomposition of the gas-phase (Me)(3)M:NH3 (M = Al, Ga, In) adducts from room temperature to 573 K, at reactant concentrations in the nominal range used for AI(Ga,In)N metal organic chemical vapor deposition. At 473-523 K TMA1:NH3 decomposes quantitatively to yield (Me-2)AINH(2) and CH4. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical spectra indicates that the majority of the aluminum metal organic product exists in dimer form, i.e., [(Me-2)AINH(2)](2). The decomposition reaction exhibits unimolecular decomposition kinetics with rate constant parameters of v = 1 x 10(12) s(-1) and E-a = 25.7 kcal/mol. At temperatures <543 K, TMGa + NH3 and TMIn + NH3 mixtures are dominated by reversible adduct formation-dissociation with no detectable quantities of CH4 produced. At 574 K a small amount of decomposition is observed in TMGa + NH3 mixtures, which can be explained by a simple kinetic model that includes the effect of adduct equilibrium. Results demonstrate that the (Me)(3)Al:NH3 decomposition rate is fast enough to contribute to the early stages of a concerted parasitic chemical reaction mechanism, but the (Me)(3)Ga:NH3 decomposition rate is too slow. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Creighton, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrcreig@sandia.gov RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 10554 EP 10562 DI 10.1021/jp054380s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 986GA UT WOS:000233436900011 PM 16834311 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Luo, J Fan, Q Suzuki, M Suzuki, IS Engelhard, MH Lin, YH Kim, N Wang, JQ Zhong, CJ AF Wang, LY Luo, J Fan, Q Suzuki, M Suzuki, IS Engelhard, MH Lin, YH Kim, N Wang, JQ Zhong, CJ TI Monodispersed core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; FEPT NANOPARTICLES; GOLD; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; ASSEMBLIES; ADSORPTION AB The ability to synthesize and assemble monodispersed core-shell nanoparticles is important for exploring the unique properties of nanoscale core, shell, or their combinations in technological applications. This paper describes findings of an investigation of the synthesis and assembly of core (Fe3O4)-shell (An) nanoparticles with high monodispersity. Fe3O4 nanoparticles of selected sizes were used as seeding materials for the reduction of gold precursors to produce gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au). Experimental data from both physical and chemical determinations of the changes in particle size, surface plasmon resonance optical band, core-shell composition, surface reactivity, and magnetic properties have confirmed the formation of the core-shell nanostructure. The interfacial reactivity of a combination of ligand-exchanging and interparticle cross-linking was exploited for molecularly mediated thin film assembly of the core-shell nanoparticles. The SQUID data reveal a decrease in magnetization and blocking temperature and an increase in coercivity for Fe3O4@Au, reflecting the decreased coupling of the magnetic moments as a result of the increased interparticle spacing by both gold and capping shells. Implications of the findings to the design of interfacial reactivities via core-shell nanocomposites for magnetic, catalytic, and biological applications are also briefly discussed. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM cjzhong@binghamton.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 40 TC 353 Z9 360 U1 36 U2 397 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 21593 EP 21601 DI 10.1021/jp0543429 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 986GC UT WOS:000233437100020 PM 16853803 ER PT J AU Messer, BM Cappa, CD Smith, JD Drisdell, WS Schwartz, CP Cohen, RC Saykally, RJ AF Messer, BM Cappa, CD Smith, JD Drisdell, WS Schwartz, CP Cohen, RC Saykally, RJ TI Local hydration environments of amino acids and dipeptides studied by X-ray spectroscopy of liquid microjets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; NMR RELAXATION-TIMES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ZWITTERIONIC FORMS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL WATER AB The nitrogen K-edge spectra of aqueous proline and diglycine solutions have been measured by total electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at neutral and high pH. All observed spectral features have been assigned by comparison to the recently reported spectrum of aqueous glycine and calculated spectra of isolated amino acids and hydrated amino acid clusters. The sharp preedge resonances at 401.3 and 402.6 eV observed in the spectrum of anionic glycine indicate that the nitrogen terminus is in an "acceptor-only" configuration, wherein neither amine proton is involved in hydrogen bonding to the solvent, at high pH. The analogous 1s -> sigma*(NH) preedge transitions are absent in the NEXAFS spectrum of anionic proline, implying that the acceptor-only conformation observed in anionic glycine arises from steric shielding induced by free rotation of the amine terminus about the glycine CN bond. Anionic diglycine solutions exhibit a broadened Is -> pi*(CN) resonance at 401.2 eV and a broad shoulder resonance at 403 eV, also suggesting the presence of an acceptor-only species. Although this assignment is not as unambiguous as for glycine, it implies that the nitrogen terminus of most proteins is capable of existing in an acceptor-only conformation at high pH. The NEXAFS spectrum of zwitterionic lysine solution was also measured, exhibiting features similar to those of both anionic and zwitterionic glycine, and leading us to conclude that the a amine group is present in an acceptor-only configuration, while the end of the butylammonium side chain is fully solvated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 21640 EP 21646 DI 10.1021/jp053802v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 986GC UT WOS:000233437100027 PM 16853810 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Downs, RT Prewitt, CT Rosso, KM Ross, NL Cox, DF AF Gibbs, GV Downs, RT Prewitt, CT Rosso, KM Ross, NL Cox, DF TI Electron density distributions calculated for the nickel sulfides millerite, vaesite, and heazlewoodite and nickel metal: A case for the importance of Ni-Ni bond paths for electron transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NI3S2; TRANSITION; MINERALS; STRENGTH; OXIDES; MODEL AB Bond paths and the bond critical point properties (the electron density (p) and the Hessian of p at the bond critical points (bcp's)) have been calculated for the bonded interactions comprising the nickel sulfide minerals millerite, NiS, vaesite, NiS(2), and heazlewoodite, Ni(3)S(2), and Ni metal. The experimental Ni-S bond lengths decrease linearly as the magnitudes of the properties each increases in value. Bond paths exist between the Ni atoms in heazlewoodite and millerite for the Ni-Ni separations that match the shortest separation in Ni metal, an indicator that the Ni atoms are bonded. The bcp properties of the bonded interactions in Ni metal are virtually the same as those in heazlewoodite and millerite. Ni-Ni bond paths are absent in vaesite where the Ni-Ni separations are 60% greater than those in Ni metal. The bcp properties for the Ni-Ni bonded interactions scatter along protractions of the Ni-S bond length-bcp property trends, suggesting that the two bonded interactions have similar characteristics. Ni-Ni bond paths radiate throughout Ni metal and the metallic heazlewoodite structures as continuous networks whereas the Ni-Ni paths in millerite, a p,d-metal displaying ionic and covalent features, are restricted to isolated Ni(3) rings. Electron transport in Ni metal and heazlewoodite is pictured as occurring along the bond paths, which behave as networks of atomic size wires that radiate in a contiguous circuit throughout the two structures. Unlike heazlewoodite, the electron transport in millerite is pictured as involving a cooperative hopping of the d-orbital electrons from the Ni3 rings comprising Ni(3)S(9) clusters to Ni3 rings in adjacent clusters via the p-orbitals on the interconnecting S atoms. Vaesite, an insulator at low temperatures and a doped semiconductor at higher temperatures, lacks Ni-Ni bond paths. The net charges conferred on the Ni and S atoms are about a quarter of their nominal charges for the atoms in millerite and vaesite with the net charge on Ni increasing with increasing Ni-S bond length. Reduced net charges are observed on the Ni atoms in heazlewoodite and are related to its Ni-Ni metal bonded interactions and to the greater covalent character of its bonds. Local energy density and bond critical point properties of the electron density distributions indicate that the Ni-S and Ni-Ni bonded interactions are intermediate in character between ionic and covalent. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gvgibbs@vt.edu NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 21788 EP 21795 DI 10.1021/jp054109a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 986GC UT WOS:000233437100047 PM 16853830 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Yang, H AF Zhang, K Yang, H TI Photon-by-photon determination of emission bursts from diffusing single chromophores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; IDENTIFICATION; EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATION; REVEALS; TESTS AB One of the difficulties in diffusion-type single-molecule experiments is the determination of signal amid photon-counting noise. A commonly used approach is to further average the noisy time trace by binning, followed by placing a threshold to discriminate signal from background. The choice of smoothing parameters and the placement of the threshold may impact on the efficiency with which the information-rich region can be harvested, among other potential complications. Here we introduce a procedure that operates on the data sequence photon by photon, thereby relieving the incertitude in choosing binning-thresholding parameters. We characterize this procedure by detecting the two-photon emission bursts from diffusing single gold nanoparticles. The results support our burst-finding procedure as a reliable and efficient way of detecting and harvesting photon bursts from diffusing experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Law Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Kai/G-6437-2010 OI Zhang, Kai/0000-0002-6687-4558 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 46 BP 21930 EP 21937 DI 10.1021/jp0546047 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 986GC UT WOS:000233437100067 PM 16853850 ER PT J AU Levskaya, A Chevalier, AA Tabor, JJ Simpson, ZB Lavery, LA Levy, M Davidson, EA Scouras, A Ellington, AD Marcotte, EM Voigt, CA AF Levskaya, A Chevalier, AA Tabor, JJ Simpson, ZB Lavery, LA Levy, M Davidson, EA Scouras, A Ellington, AD Marcotte, EM Voigt, CA TI Engineering Escherichia coli to see light - These smart bacteria 'photograph' a light pattern as a high-definition chemical image. SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Biophys Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Syst & Synthet Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Synthet Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. RP Levskaya, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Biophys Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM cavoigt@picasso.ucsf.edu RI Tabor, Jeffrey/A-7022-2008 OI Tabor, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7316-0361 NR 8 TC 260 Z9 273 U1 14 U2 101 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7067 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1038/nature04405 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986NY UT WOS:000233458200034 PM 16306980 ER PT J AU Mannella, N Yang, WL Zhou, XJ Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Zaanen, J Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Mannella, N Yang, WL Zhou, XJ Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Zaanen, J Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Nodal quasiparticle in pseudogapped colossal magnetoresistive manganites SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; OXIDES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; DISPERSION; LAMNO3 AB A characteristic feature of the copper oxide high-temperature superconductors is the dichotomy between the electronic excitations along the nodal (diagonal) and antinodal (parallel to the Cu-O bonds) directions in momentum space, generally assumed to be linked to the 'd-wave' symmetry of the superconducting state. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements in the superconducting state have revealed a quasiparticle spectrum with a d-wave gap structure that exhibits a maximum along the antinodal direction and vanishes along the nodal direction(1). Subsequent measurements have shown that, at low doping levels, this gap structure persists even in the high-temperature metallic state, although the nodal points of the superconducting state spread out in finite 'Fermi arcs'(2). This is the so-called pseudogap phase, and it has been assumed that it is closely linked to the superconducting state, either by assigning it to fluctuating superconductivity(3) or by invoking orders which are natural competitors of d-wave superconductors(4,5). Here we report experimental evidence that a very similar pseudogap state with a nodal-antinodal dichotomous character exists in a system that is markedly different from a superconductor: the ferromagnetic metallic groundstate of the colossal magnetoresistive bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7. Our findings therefore cast doubt on the assumption that the pseudogap state in the copper oxides and the nodal-antinodal dichotomy are hallmarks of the superconductivity state. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, CREST, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. AIST, Correlated Electron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM NMannella@lbl.gov; zxshen@stanford.edu RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 NR 29 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7067 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1038/nature04273 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986NY UT WOS:000233458200044 PM 16306987 ER PT J AU Alexander, S AF Alexander, S TI A quantum gravitational relaxation of the cosmological constant SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Similar to QCD, general relativity has a Theta sector due to large diffeomorphisms. We make explicit, for the first time, that the gravitational CP violating Theta parameter is nonperturbatively related to the cosmological constant. A gravitational pseudoscalar coupling to massive fermions gives rise to general relativity from a topological B Lambda F theory through a chiral symmetry breaking mechanism. We show that a gravitational Peccei-Quinn like mechanism can dynamically relax the cosmological constant. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, ITP, Dept Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Alexander, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Phys, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM stephon@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 2-4 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.026 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 981BI UT WOS:000233061700001 ER PT J AU Xiong, G Wilkinson, J Ucer, KB Williams, RT AF Xiong, G Wilkinson, J Ucer, KB Williams, RT TI Time-of-flight study of bound exciton polariton dispersive propagation in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SPATIAL-DISPERSION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; EMISSIONS AB We report direct observations of polariton dispersive propagation at the donor-bound exciton ((DX)-X-0) resonance in single-crystal ZnO. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra are measured from both surfaces of a ZnO single crystal that is excited in a thin layer on one surface. When the excitation and the detector are at opposite sides of the crystal, the time-resolved luminescence spectrum in the streak camera display has a curved shape in the t versus ha) plane, indicating dispersion in transport time across the crystal thickness. The group velocity at the donor-bound exciton resonance (3.36 eV) is measured to be 6 x 10(6) in s(-1). The EHP (electron-hole plasma) relaxation time is about 36 ps, in agreement with published results. The polariton reflection at the crystal boundary is observed in the time domain, confirming the dispersion hypothesis. The low-temperature transmission spectrum shows that optical emission from the donor-bound exciton polariton is attenuated by 95% on traversing 0.5 mm crystal thickness due to reflections and polariton decay. From these data the (DX)-X-0 polariton lifetime is estimated as 37 ps. The temperature-dependent change of streak camera curvatures corresponds to thermal de-trapping of the donor-bound excitons. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Xiong, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gang.xiong@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 46 BP 7287 EP 7296 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/46/012 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 991AY UT WOS:000233785700017 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Tan, L Wermeille, D Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI AF Kim, JW Tan, L Wermeille, D Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI TI Magnetic powder diffraction from GdNi2Ge2 using x-ray resonant magnetic scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB We describe the first successful magnetic x-ray powder diffraction measurement using resonant dipole scattering at the L edge of a rare earth compound. Measurements of the antiferromagnetic ordering in GdNi2Ge2 were accomplished using undulator radiation at the Advanced Photon Source and polarization analysis of the diffracted beam to significantly reduce the charge background. Our results agree well with recent resonant magnetic scattering measurements on single crystals of this compound. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM goldman@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 46 BP L493 EP L497 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/46/L02 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 991AY UT WOS:000233785700003 ER PT J AU Cai, YG Ocko, BM AF Cai, YG Ocko, BM TI Electro Pen Nanolithography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TERMINATED SILICON SURFACES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONSTRUCTIVE NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; MOLECULAR LAYERS; PROBE OXIDATION; IMMOBILIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; TEMPLATES AB We introduce Electro Pen Nanolithography (EPN), a nanoscale chemical patterning technique. In a single sweep of an ink-coated, biased conducting Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) probe-tip, an underlying thin organic film is oxidized, and the ink molecules are transferred directly to the oxidized regions. Results using trialkoxysilane inks with functional terminal groups are presented, where the same ink-covered tips are used to image the pattern with zero bias. This technique provides very fast-exceeding 10 mu m/s-writing speeds with line-widths as small as 50 nm. Controlled multi-write operations permit the growth of an integer number of molecular layers. Multiple chemical patterns using a single probe-tip are demonstrated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ocko, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ocko@bnl.gov NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 46 BP 16287 EP 16291 DI 10.1021/ja054951u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 986JM UT WOS:000233445900059 PM 16287322 ER PT J AU Bartelt, AF Feurer, T Woste, L AF Bartelt, AF Feurer, T Woste, L TI Understanding optimal control results by reducing the complexity SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE optimal quantum control; fs pulse shaping; molecular dynamics; multi photon ionization ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; IONIZATION PROCESSES; WAVEPACKET DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-MOTION; QUANTUM CONTROL; NAK; DISSOCIATION; CLUSTERS; STATES; IMPLEMENTATION AB Deciphering control mechanisms from control pulse structures found in closed-loop learning experiments is often complicated due to the complexity of the pulse structure. Simplification of pulse forms is demonstrated by systematically reducing the complexity of the search space, applied on the model-like multi-photon ionization of NaK. Reducing the pulse complexity leads to the exclusion of participating excited states, thereby restricting the involved pathways. The phase function is parameterized by a sinusoidal spectral phase modulation, whose parameters are investigated with respect to the yield and the obtained optimal field. By progressively reducing the number of parameters and thereby the complexity of the phase modulation, control pulses are generated which are more and more reduced to the molecule's primary dynamical properties. This enables to find optimized control pulses that call be subject to a simple intuitive interpretation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Bartelt, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM afbartelt@lbl.gov OI Bartelt, Andreas/0000-0002-3467-667X NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 318 IS 3 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.06.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989YF UT WOS:000233709300005 ER PT J AU Green, EM Antczak, AJ Bailey, AO Franco, AA Wu, KJ Yates, JR Kaufman, PD AF Green, EM Antczak, AJ Bailey, AO Franco, AA Wu, KJ Yates, JR Kaufman, PD TI Replication-independent histone deposition by the HIR complex and Asf1 SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY FACTOR-I; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA-REPLICATION; CELL-CYCLE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSORS; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; S-PHASE; PROTEIN; PATHWAY; PURIFICATION AB The orderly deposition of histones onto DNA is mediated by conserved assembly complexes, including chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) and the Hir proteins [1-4]. CAF-1 and the Hir proteins operate in distinct but functionally overlapping histone deposition pathways in vivo [5, 6]. The Hir proteins and CAF-1 share a common partner, the highly conserved histone H3/H4 binding protein Asf1, which binds the middle subunit of CAF-1 as well as to Hir proteins [7-11]. Asf1 binds to newly synthesized histones H3/H4 [12], and this complex stimulates histone deposition by CAF-1 [7,11,12]. In yeast, Asf1 is required for the contribution of the Hir proteins to gene silencing [7, 13]. Here, we demonstrate that HIM, Hir2, Hir3, and Hpc2 comprise the HIR complex, which copurifies with the histone deposition protein Asf1. Together, the HIR complex and Asf1 deposit histones onto DNA in a replication-independent manner. Histone deposition by the HIR complex and Asf1 is impaired by a mutation in Asf1 that inhibits HIR binding. These data indicate that the HIR complex and Asf1 proteins function together as a conserved eukaryotic pathway for histone replacement throughout the cell cycle. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kaufman, PD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM paul.kaufman1@umassmed.edu OI Kaufman, Paul/0000-0003-3089-313X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR011823, RR11823-09]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055712-08, GM55712, R01 GM055712] NR 34 TC 133 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 22 BP 2044 EP 2049 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.053 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 990VI UT WOS:000233770900027 PM 16303565 ER PT J AU Fan, HY Pratt, ST AF Fan, HY Pratt, ST TI Photoionization of hot radicals: C2H5,n-C3H7, and i-C3H7 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYL IODIDE; ALKYL IODIDES; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; 248 NM; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION DYNAMICS; METHYL-IODIDE; PHOTOELECTRON; BAND; I-ASTERISK(P-2(1/2)); FLUORESCENCE AB The combination of ion-imaging and vacuum-ultraviolet (vuv) single-photon ionization is used to study the internal energy dependence of the relative photoionization yields of the C2H5,n-C3H7, and i-C3H7 radicals following the 266 nm photodissociation of the corresponding alkyl iodides. The comparison of the ion images obtained by vuv photoionization of the radical with those obtained by two-photon-resonant, three-photon ionization of the complementary I P-2(3/2) and I-* P-2(1/2) atoms allows the extraction of the internal energy dependence of the cross sections. Factors influencing the appearance of the ion images in the different detection channels are discussed, including the secondary fragmentation of the neutral radicals, Franck-Condon factors for the photoionization process, and the unimolecular fragmentation of the parent photoions. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stpratt@anl.gov NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 20 AR 204301 DI 10.1063/1.2110225 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989GN UT WOS:000233661000019 PM 16351250 ER PT J AU Mun, BS Watanabe, M Rossi, M Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Mun, BS Watanabe, M Rossi, M Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI A study of electronic structures of Pt3M (M=Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Co,Ni) polycrystalline alloys with valence-band photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; SURFACE SEGREGATION; TRANSITION-METAL; FE ALLOYS; ELECTROCATALYSIS; CO; KINETICS; LEED; O-2; NI AB The surface valence-band densities of states (DOS) of Pt3M (M=Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Co,Ni) polycrystalline alloys were investigated with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Upon annealing the ion-sputter-cleaned alloys at high temperatures, the observed valence-band DOS spectra clearly show the modified electronic structures on the surfaces suggesting the surface segregation of Pt as predicted in thermodynamic models. The measured d-band centers and widths for the annealed alloy surfaces show qualitatively the same trend as predicted by density-functional-theory calculations based on the model of a Pt "skin" on the topmost surface layer and a subsurface layer enriched in the 3d transition metal. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RIKEN, Rikagaku Kenkyusho, SPring8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mun, BS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bsmun@lbl.gov RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 16 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 20 AR 204717 DI 10.1063/1.2126662 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 989GN UT WOS:000233661000072 PM 16351303 ER PT J AU Dirk, SM Pylypenko, S Howell, SW Fulghum, JE Wheeler, DR AF Dirk, SM Pylypenko, S Howell, SW Fulghum, JE Wheeler, DR TI Potential-directed assembly of aryl iodonium salts onto silicon {100} hydride terminated and platinum surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; DIAZONIUM SALTS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; CARBON NANOTUBES; LAYERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB A novel electrograft method of forming covalent bonds directly to silicon hydride or platinum surfaces has been demonstrated with the use of iodonium salt precursors. Initially, a silicon substrate is treated with a dilute hydrofluoric acid wash to ensure a hydride-passivated surface, which is immersed in a solution of iodonium salt dissolved in a solution of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile. Grafting is accomplished by applying a negative bias to the silicon substrate. Directed assembly has been demonstrated with Pt substrates. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Total Analyt Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wheeler, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Total Analyt Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM drwheel@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 24 BP 10899 EP 10901 DI 10.1021/la052311z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 985IQ UT WOS:000233371200001 PM 16285749 ER PT J AU Su, M Pan, ZX Dravid, VP Thundat, T AF Su, M Pan, ZX Dravid, VP Thundat, T TI Locally enhanced relative humidity for scanning probe nanolithography SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANOMETER-SCALE; AIR; LITHOGRAPHY; INK; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACES; METALS AB The formation of a water meniscus between a sharp tip and a solid surface is one of the prevailing requirements for scanning probe microscope (SPM)-based lithographies, such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) and conductive tip induced oxidation. The water meniscus functions as a medium for the oxidation of or mass transfer to the solid surface. Here we report a simple, efficient, and effective approach to enhance the local relative humidity and thus increase the size of the water meniscus by bringing a water-containing capillary tube to the proximity of the tip-surface contact area. The enhancement in local relative humidity is confirmed via an increase in the measured tip-surface adhesion forces and the widths of DPN generated parallel lines. Compared to the global control of relative humidity for the whole lithography system, the short distance between the "water reservoir" and the tip-surface contact area enables rapid increase in the local vapor pressure of water, less perturbation, and minimal erosion to the state-of-the-art electronics. As a result, most scanning probe lithography experiments at high relative humidity can now be performed in a reasonable time frame. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Su, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sum1@ornl.gov RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Pan, Zixiao/D-5650-2011; Su, Ming/F-4001-2014 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 24 BP 10902 EP 10906 DI 10.1021/la051591f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 985IQ UT WOS:000233371200002 PM 16285750 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Cui, XL Yen, CH Wai, CM AF Lin, YH Cui, XL Yen, CH Wai, CM TI PtRu/carbon nanotube nanocomposite synthesized in supercritical fluid: A novel electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PT-RU ALLOY; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROOXIDATION CATALYSTS; RUTHENIUM NANOPARTICLES; AEROGEL NANOCOMPOSITES; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION METHOD; MATERIALS SCIENCE; THIN-FILM AB Platinum/ruthenium nanoparticles were decorated on carbon nanotubes (CNT) in supercritical carbon dioxide, and the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM images show that the particles size is in the range of 5-10 nm, and XRD patterns show a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Methanol electrooxidation in 1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte containing 2 M methanol were studied onPtRu/CNT (Pt, 4.1 wt%; Ru, 2.3 wt%; molar ratio approximately Pt/Ru = 45:55) catalysts using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All the electrochemical results show that PtRu/CNT catalysts exhibit high activity for methanol oxidation which resulted from the high surface area of carbon nanotubes and the nanostructure of platinum/ruthenium particles. Compared with Pt/CNT, the onset potential is much lower and the ratio of forward anodic peak current to reverse anodic peak current is much higher for methanol oxidation, which indicates the higher catalytic activity of PtRu/CNT. The presence of Ru with Pt accelerates the rate of methanol oxidation. The results demonstrated the feasibility of processing bimetallic catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide for fuel cell applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov; cwai@uidaho.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 63 TC 236 Z9 244 U1 5 U2 116 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 24 BP 11474 EP 11479 DI 10.1021/la051272o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 985IQ UT WOS:000233371200080 PM 16285828 ER EF